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Kilic K, Vardar-Yagli N, Nayir-Buyuksahin H, Guzelkas I, Dogru D, Saglam M, Calik-Kutukcu E, Inal-Ince D, Emiralioglu N, Yalcin E, Ozcelik U, Kiper N. Exercise intolerance, oxidative stress, and irisin in pediatric cystic fibrosis: Can telehealth-based exercise training make a difference? Heart Lung 2024; 68:145-153. [PMID: 38981171 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience increased oxidative stress. Tele-exercise can be a new method to improve exercise in CF. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of telehealth-based exercise training using different modalities (combined exercise training group, CombG, core stabilization exercise group, SG), in comparison with control group (CG), on exercise capacity, oxidative stress, and irisin in children with CF. METHODS Thirty-nine children with CF (mean age=11.41±2.18 years, mean FEV1(z-score)=-0.66±1.96) were included in the study. The children were randomly allocated to groups. The CombG and SG performed core stabilization exercises (CS) 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The CombG also performed aerobic exercises 3 days per week in addition to CS. Physical activity (PA) recommendations were provided to the CG. Exercise capacity was evaluated using the Modified Shuttle Test (MST). Oxidative stress was assessed using total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The irisin level was also measured. RESULTS Children's baseline sex, age, BMI, and FEV1 z-scores were similar (p > 0.05). The MST distance (p = 0.047,np2=0.157) and%MST distance (p = 0.045, np2=0.159) significantly improved in the CombG compared with the SG and CG. Although TAS and SOD decreased over time (p < 0.05), no significant changes were observed for TAS, TOS, OSI, MDA, SOD, and irisin parameters between the groups after training (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Combining aerobic exercise training with core stabilization applied using telehealth improved exercise capacity more than core stabilitation training only or PA recommendations in children with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Kilic
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Vardar-Yagli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Halime Nayir-Buyuksahin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Guzelkas
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Saglam
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik-Kutukcu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inal-Ince
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yalcin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozcelik
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara, Turkey
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Rathor R, Suryakumar G. Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38572958 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a crucial phenomenon that is obligatory for maintaining the healthy status of cells. However, the loss of redox homeostasis may lead to numerous diseases that ultimately result in a compromised quality of life. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes hundreds of myokines. Myokines are peptides and cytokines produced and released by muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle secreted myokines act as a robust modulator for regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis which play a prime role in managing and improving metabolic function in multiple organs. Further, the secretory myokines maintain redox homeostasis not only in muscles but also in other organs of the body via stabilizing oxidants and antioxidant levels. Myokines are also engaged in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondria is a central point for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergo, myokines also act as a central player in communicating signals to other organs, including the pancreas, gut, liver, bone, adipose tissue, brain, and skin via their autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle-secreted myokines in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Additionally, probable strategies will be discussed that provide a solution for a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
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Hjortshoej MH, Aagaard P, Storgaard CD, Juneja H, Lundbye‐Jensen J, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses to blood flow-restricted exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14030. [PMID: 37732509 PMCID: PMC10909497 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy-load free-flow resistance exercise (HL-FFRE) is a widely used training modality. Recently, low-load blood-flow restricted resistance exercise (LL-BFRRE) has gained attention in both athletic and clinical settings as an alternative when conventional HL-FFRE is contraindicated or not tolerated. LL-BFRRE has been shown to result in physiological adaptations in muscle and connective tissue that are comparable to those induced by HL-FFRE. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, evidence suggests that LL-BFRRE involves elevated metabolic stress compared to conventional free-flow resistance exercise (FFRE). AIM The aim was to evaluate the initial (<10 min post-exercise), intermediate (10-20 min), and late (>30 min) hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses observed following acute sessions of LL-BFRRE compared to FFRE in healthy adults. METHODS A systematic literature search of randomized and non-randomized studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2, ROBINS-1) and TESTEX were used to evaluate risk of bias and study quality. Data extractions were based on mean change within groups. RESULTS A total of 12525 hits were identified, of which 29 articles were included. LL-BFRRE demonstrated greater acute increases in growth hormone responses when compared to overall FFRE at intermediate (SMD 2.04; 95% CI 0.87, 3.22) and late (SMD 2.64; 95% CI 1.13, 4.16) post-exercise phases. LL-BFRRE also demonstrated greater increase in testosterone responses compared to late LL-FFRE. CONCLUSION These results indicate that LL-BFRRE can induce increased or similar hormone and immune responses compared to LL-FFRE and HL-FFRE along with attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL-FFRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Hjortshoej
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - P. Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - C. D. Storgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - H. Juneja
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - J. Lundbye‐Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - S. P. Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
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Lino RDS, Silva MSDP, de Jesus DS, de Macedo RC, Lagares LS, dos Santos FNA, de Almeida LAB, Bomfim ES, dos Santos CPC. Molecular aspects of COVID-19 and its relationship with obesity and physical activity: a narrative review. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 141:78-86. [PMID: 36102458 PMCID: PMC9808989 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.1038.r1.06072022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has several mechanisms of action related to inflammatory responses, especially in individuals diagnosed with obesity. This hyperinflammatory clinical profile resulting from the association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attenuated by regular physical activity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the evidence on the consequences of physical inactivity and physical activity on COVID-19 in patients with obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING Narrative review at the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health in Salvador, Brazil. METHODS We searched evidence on the association of COVID-19 with physical activity and obesity using the following keywords: "covid-19," "physical activity," and "obesity". The databases used were MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Virtual Health Library. Studies published from 2019 to 2021 and available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included. The final search was conducted on September 26, 2021. RESULTS We identified 661 studies in the database, among which 71 were considered for inclusion in the narrative review of the molecular aspects of COVID-19 and its relationship with physical activity and obesity. CONCLUSION This literature review enabled the perception of the relationship between the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 and obesity. Regular physical activity had various benefits for the inflammatory condition of the studied population, highlighting moderate-intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon de Souza Lino
- BSc. Physical Education Professional, Research Group on Metabolic Diseases, Physical Exercise and Health Technologies, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa de Pina Silva
- Undergraduate Student, Research Group on Metabolic Diseases, Physical Exercise, and Health Technologies, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Daniel Simões de Jesus
- PhD. Assistant Professor, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Colares de Macedo
- Undergraduate Student, Research Group on Metabolic Diseases, Physical Exercise and Health Technologies, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Laura Souza Lagares
- BSc. Physical Education Professional, Research Group on Metabolic Diseases, Physical Exercise and Health Technologies, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Felipe Nunes Almeida dos Santos
- BSc. Physical Education Professional, Research Group on Metabolic Diseases, Physical Exercise and Health Technologies, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Bastos de Almeida
- MSc. Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Physical Activity, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana (BA), Brazil
| | - Eric Simas Bomfim
- BSc. Physical Education Professional, Research Group on Metabolic Diseases, Physical Exercise and Health Technologies, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Clarcson Plácido Conceição dos Santos
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Research Group on Metabolic Diseases, Physical Exercise and Health Technologies, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil
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Effects of exercise on irisin in subjects with overweight or obesity. A systematic review of clinical studies. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1389-1396. [PMID: 36327126 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irisin is an adipomyokine involved in white adipose tissue browning, therefore, could be a key protein in metabolic health. However, exercise effects on irisin in subjects with overweight and/or obesity are conflicting. Therefore, this systematic review aims to search and analyse the literature available on this topic. From three databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Medline, clinical studies published between 2010 and 2021 were considered. From 134 found, 14 studies were included. Only six reported plasma increases after exercise (~1.2 to 3-fold from pre-exercise levels). In addition, only 1 reported significant increases in skeletal muscle irisin mRNA levels (~2-fold). Also, irisin was measured from subcutaneous adipose tissue and saliva, where a ~2-fold increase in its protein levels was found in the latter. Exercise seems to increase the circulatory concentrations of irisin in subjects with overweight or obesity. However, this response is highly variable, therefore, a more integrative approach is urgently needed.
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Lavi G, Horwitz A, Einstein O, Zipori R, Gross O, Birk R. Fndc5/irisin is regulated by myogenesis stage, irisin, muscle type and training. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:7063-7079. [PMID: 36398256 PMCID: PMC9641476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Irisin, a novel myokine that responds to exercise, was initially identified as a regulator of fat tissue metabolism. We aimed to investigate fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (Fndc5)/irisin, auto/para-crine role in different muscle fibers, different activities, and muscle cell differentiation. METHODS Using in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo muscle models, Fndc5 was studied at the physiological and molecular levels. RESULTS Following training, C57BL/6 mice (n=10) were subject to fast and slow-twitch muscles dissection and molecular analysis. Isolated mice (C57BL/6, n=14) slow and fast-twitch muscles were subject to electrical aerobic and anaerobic pulses stimulation (EPS). L6 muscle cells differentiation was characterized by Fndc5 differentiation-depended expression pattern parallel with significant hypertrophy, Myogenin elevation, and overlapping Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (Pgc-1α) expression pattern. Exogenous irisin significantly altered Fndc5 expression; augmented at early differentiation (3-4-fold, P<0.05) and decreased (2-fold, P<0.05) at late differentiation. Training induced a significant elevation in Fndc5/irisin and Pgc-1α expression levels in all muscle types compared to the sedentary state, where soleus muscle (slow) Fndc5 expression levels were significantly higher compared to levels in all other fast muscles (3-140-fold, P<0.001). Similarly, following EPS, Fndc5 expression levels were significantly augmented in the soleus slow muscle following both aerobic and anaerobic activity (3-3.5-fold, P<0.05) compared to extensor digitorum longus (fast) muscle. CONCLUSIONS Muscle cell's Fndc5 expression has a differentiation-depended pattern paralleling Pgc-1α expression and hypertrophy. Irisin autocrinally and significantly regulate Fndc5 and Pgc-1α in a differentiation-depended manner. Muscle Fndc5 expression levels are dependent on fiber type and activity type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Lavi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel UniversityIsrael
| | - Avital Horwitz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel UniversityIsrael
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel UniversityIsrael
| | - Reut Zipori
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel UniversityIsrael
| | - Ofri Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel UniversityIsrael
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel UniversityIsrael
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Rezaeeshirazi R. Aerobic Versus Resistance Training: Leptin and Metabolic Parameters Improvement in Type 2 Diabetes Obese Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:537-547. [PMID: 34383632 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1875111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the research was to determine the changes in metabolic parameters, leptin, and irisin levels after aerobic and resistance training in type-2 diabetes obese men. Methods: Forty-five participants in the age range of 17-25 years were randomized into three groups: aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and control (CO). All training sessions were fulfilled 4 days per week for two months. The aerobic training began with intensity of 65% of the maximum aerobic power and finished with 90%. The resistance program started with 50% of one-repetition maximum and reached 70% in the 8th week. Results: Factorial analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significant decreases in leptin (p = .043), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (p = .023), insulin (p = .001), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = .022) in AT compared with CO and insulin (p = .006) in AT compared with RT. The change of percent body fat (PBF) was positively correlated only with change of HOMA-IR in AT group (p = .032) at p < .05. Conclusion: The result suggests that, compared to resistance training, aerobic training can control metabolic situations such as insulin resistance through the leptin hormone function, and not irisin in type-2 diabetes obese men.
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Lobo LF, de Morais MG, Marcucci-Barbosa LS, Martins-Junior FDAD, Avelar LM, Vieira ELM, Aidar FJ, Wanner SP, Silva LS, Noman MC, Camargos BM, Freitas KM, Gonçalves WA, Pinho V, Nunes-Silva A. A Single Bout of Fatiguing Aerobic Exercise Induces Similar Pronounced Immunological Responses in Both Sexes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:833580. [PMID: 35755444 PMCID: PMC9213785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Physical exercise can acutely and chronically modulate immunological responses. Women and men have different innate and adaptive immune responses, and in this sense, these two groups may also have different acute immunological responses induced by exercise. In addition, it is essential to understand further whether the effects of physical exercise on the immune system responses depend on sex because limited scientific evidence on this topic is available. This information may allow athletes and coaches to improve the training process, mainly to understand if the physiological impact of given training stimuli in women is similar to that in men. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects of continuous submaximal exercise until fatigue on physiological and immunological parameters in amateur female and male runners. Methods: This study included 18 female and 15 male volunteers. Each participant visited the laboratory on four consecutive days. The first visit consisted of medical history taking and explaining the study design. On the second visit, the participants were subjected to an incremental test to determine their maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) that was required to prescribe the intensity of the submaximal exercise protocol. On the third visit, the fatiguing exercise protocol was performed at 77%–80% of the VO2max. During this submaximal exercise, the heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were recorded. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1 h after the fatiguing protocol to analyze the plasma levels of cytokines and creatine kinase (CK) and to count leukocytes. Finally, on the fourth visit, the participants underwent physical evaluations to measure their body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging. Results: The average ages of the female and male groups were 34.2 ± 3.7 and 30.5 ± 4.3 years old, respectively. The female group ran 57 ± 27 min, while the male group ran 52 ± 15 min before fatiguing. In the female group, when comparing before and after the submaximal exercise, marked increases were observed in the following variables: heart rate (from 68.5 to 180.4 bpm), RPE (from 3.6 to 8.2), lactate (from 2.1 to 4.49 mmol/L), and CK (from 89.5 to 126.3 U/L). In addition, the female group showed an increased number of total leukocytes (from 7222.3 to 11162.9 × 106/μl), neutrophils (from 4,403 to 6,480 × 106/μl), and lymphocytes (from 2,342 ± to 3,562 × 106/μl) from pre- to post-submaximal exercise. In the male group, similar elevations in psychophysiological variables were observed, as evidenced by comparing the heart rate (from 52.8 to 184.1 bpm), RPE (from 0.0 to 8.9), lactate (from 2.7 to 7.2 mmol/L), and CK (from 106.2 to 165 U/L) before and after the submaximal exercise. The male group also showed an augmented number of total leukocytes (from 6,245 to 8,050 × 106/μl), neutrophils (from 3,335 to 4,128 × 106/), and lymphocytes (from 2,191 to 3,212 × 106/μl) when comparing pre- and post-submaximal exercise. There were no differences in the changes between women and men for these parameters. Conclusion: The aerobically fatiguing exercise protocol induced pronounced changes in the heart rate, plasma levels of lactate and CK, total leukocyte count, especially the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, in both sexes. The fatiguing exercise protocol also changed the plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the female and male groups. Under the present conditions, the physiological changes induced by fatiguing submaximal exercise, including the immunological changes, were not influenced by sex. This study shows that the same aerobic physical exercise can alter immunological parameters in women and men, and this response is similar between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Fernandes Lobo
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (EEFUFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gomes de Morais
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Soares Marcucci-Barbosa
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (EEFUFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Luíza Martino Avelar
- Programa de Residência Médica em Medicina de Família e Comunidade-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Departamento de Educação, Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Scarabeli Silva
- Programa de Residência Médica em Medicina de Família e Comunidade-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Noman
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno Muzzi Camargos
- Departamento de Educação, Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Kátia Michelle Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - William Antonio Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (EEFUFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Albená Nunes-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Myokines and Resistance Training: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073501. [PMID: 35408868 PMCID: PMC8998961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by the working muscle, are involved in anti-inflammatory, metabolic and immunological processes. These are able to influence human health in a positive way and are a target of research in metabolic diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, different types of exercise training were investigated in the last few years to find associations between exercise, myokines and their effects on human health. Particularly, resistance training turned out to be a powerful stimulus to enhance myokine release. As there are different types of resistance training, different myokines are stimulated, depending on the mode of training. This narrative review gives an overview about resistance training and how it can be utilized to stimulate myokine production in order to gain a certain health effect. Finally, the question of why resistance training is an important key regulator in human health will be discussed.
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Colpitts BH, Rioux BV, Eadie AL, Brunt KR, Sénéchal M. Irisin response to acute moderate intensity exercise and high intensity interval training in youth of different obesity statuses: A randomized crossover trial. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15198. [PMID: 35224871 PMCID: PMC8883234 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited data exist regarding the impact of an acute bout of exercise with varying intensities on irisin levels in the youth of different obesity statuses. The objectives were to (1) compare an acute bout of moderate continuous intensity (MCI) exercise and an acute bout of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on irisin response in youth with different obesity statuses and, (2) investigate whether changes in irisin levels are correlated with exploratory outcomes. A randomized crossover design study was conducted on 25 youth aged 12–18 years old. Participants were classified as either healthy weight (BMI percentile <85; n = 14) or overweight/obese (BMI percentile ≥85; n = 11). Participants performed an MCI exercise session at 50% of heart rate reserve for 35 min and a HIIT exercise session for 35 min, with intervals every 5 min increasing from 50% heart rate reserve to 85–90% for 2 min. Irisin was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay from plasma sampling obtained throughout the exercise (at times 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 min). A time effect was observed throughout the HIIT session [F(1,5) = 6.478, p < 0.001]. Bonferonni post‐hoc analysis revealed significant differences in irisin levels post‐exercise (35 min) compared to times 7, 14, 21, and 28 min. Irisin increased during HIIT (81.0% ± 71.3; p = 0.012) in youth with a healthy weight. No differences were observed for youth living as overweight or with obesity. Overall, HIIT elicits a higher peak irisin response compared to MCI exercise training in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Colpitts
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Brittany V. Rioux
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Ashley L. Eadie
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada https://impart.team/
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada https://impart.team/
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada https://impart.team/
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11
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Mohammad Rahimi GR, Hejazi K, Hofmeister M. The effect of exercise interventions on Irisin level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:524-539. [PMID: 36110558 PMCID: PMC9441678 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone that is offered to be a hopeful remedial target in obesity and type 2 diabetes. It has received striking attention recently, whereas, the interactions between exercise training and irisin are still unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impacts of exercise interventions on circulating irisin in adults. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to July 15, 2021. Twenty-four studies, which assessed a total of 921 participants were included and analyzed using a random-effects model to estimate weighted mean differences (MD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Overall, data revealed that exercise training significantly increased circulating irisin (MD: 0.01, 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.01, p = 0.005), and declined insulin (MD: -2.09, 95 % CI: -2.81, -1.37, p < 0.00001), glucose (MD: -12.89, 95 % CI: -16.52, -9.26, p < 0.00001), and insulin resistance (MD: -0.89, 95 % CI: -1.15, -0.62, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed that irisin raised significantly when resistance training (p = 0.04) and combined training (p = 0.002) were applied, and for the type 2 diabetes and prediabetes (p = 0.002 for both) groups. Moreover, subgroup analysis by the type of intervention demonstrated that insulin reduced when aerobic training (p < 0.00001) and combined training (p = 0.0003) were employed, but glucose and HOMA-IR reduced after all three types of exercise training. These findings demonstrate that exercise interventions may produce ameliorations in circulating irisin. Further long-term studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Keyvan Hejazi, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran; Tel: +98 (51) 344012620, E-mail:
| | - Martin Hofmeister
- Department Food and Nutrition, Consumer Center of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany
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12
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Vigorous physical activity is important in maintaining a favourable health trajectory in active children: the CHAMPS Study-DK. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19211. [PMID: 34584178 PMCID: PMC8478976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is critical to improving health factors such as weight, adiposity, and aerobic fitness. However, children who meet PA guideline recommendations demonstrate developmental differences in health-related outcomes. To investigate prospective associations between PA behaviour (overall PA and PA intensity) and trajectories of health-related factors among physically active children. This prospective study (2.5 years) included 391 children (baseline age: 8.1 ± 1.4 years; girls 36.3%) from ten public schools. All children performed 60-min or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day objectively measured. Trajectories of BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness were constructed with a group-based multi-trajectory model. Three trajectory subgroups were identified: ‘high fitness/normal weight’ (48.4% of children), ‘moderate fitness /normal weight’ (42.5% of children), and ‘low fitness/overweight-obese’ (9.1% of children). Children performing higher overall PA, were less likely of being classified as members of the ‘Low Fitness/Overweight-Obese’ [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR and 95% CI) = 0.56 (0.37 to 0.85) compared to ‘high fitness/normal weight’ subgroup. Each additional 5% in light PA time was associated with approximately twofold [RRR 2.12 (1.24–3.61)] increased risk of being in the ‘low fitness/overweight-obese’ trajectory relative to the ‘high fitness/normal weight’ trajectory. Each additional 2% in vigorous-PA time was associated with a 42% and 85% reduced risk (relative to ‘high fitness/normal weight’) of being in the ‘moderate fitness/normal weight’ [RRR 0.58 (0.38–0.96)] and ‘low fitness/overweight-obesity’ [RRR 0.15 (0.06–0.37)] trajectory, respectively. Overall PA and additional time in vigorous-PA was associated with improved health-related outcomes, while light PA was negatively associated with health-related outcomes among children who adhere to PA guideline recommendations. Vigorous PA was the strongest predictor of the health trajectories. All PA guidelines for children should place greater emphasis on the importance of vigorous PA.
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13
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Restuccia R, Perani F, Ficarra G, Trimarchi F, Bitto A, di Mauro D. Irisin and Vascular Inflammation: Beneficial Effects of a Healthy Lifestyle Beyond Physical Activity. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2151-2155. [PMID: 33557732 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210208154105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is responsible for many cardiovascular diseases and endothelial dysfunction is often the first trigger. Many factors can contribute to altering vascular homeostasis and despite that some risk factors cannot be changed, some lifestyle changes might dramatically improve vascular function. In this regard, physical activity has been identified as one of the most important interventions that can positively affect endothelial dysfunction. In recent years, the discovery of irisin, a novel myokine with pleiotropic effects, has caught the attention of many researchers. This review summarizes the most relevant intervention trials, evaluating irisin modifications in subjects with or without cardiovascular risk factors assigned to physical activity programs, to improve cardiovascular risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Restuccia
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fulvio Perani
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ficarra
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Trimarchi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Debora di Mauro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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14
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Colpitts BH, Seaman K, Eadie AL, Brunt KR, Bouchard DR, Sénéchal M. Effects of sprint interval training on substrate oxidation in adults living with and without obesity: The i-FLEX study. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14916. [PMID: 34110721 PMCID: PMC8191399 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the ability to adapt substrate oxidation according to metabolic demand. Exercise increases fat oxidation responses in individuals living with obesity; however, limited research exists on the relationship between substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity after sprint interval training (SIT). The primary objective was to investigate changes in substrate oxidation at rest and during submaximal exercise, and in insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of SIT in individuals living with or without obesity. The secondary objective was to investigate correlations between changes in substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity following SIT. Adults living with obesity (n = 16, body mass index (BMI) = 34.1 kg/m2 ± 3.8) and without obesity (n = 18, BMI = 22.9 kg/m2 ± 1.6) took part in a 4-week SIT intervention. Participants completed three sessions of SIT per week, consisting of repeated sets of a 30-s Wingate separated by 4 m of active recovery. Substrate oxidation at rest and during submaximal exercise was measured using VCO2 /VO2 . Insulin sensitivity was calculated using the Matsuda index. No difference in substrate oxidation at rest was observed for either group (p > 0.05), while a significant increase in fat oxidation was observed in individuals living with obesity [F(1,31) = 14.55, p = 0.001] during the submaximal exercise test. A significant decrease in insulin sensitivity was observed among individuals without obesity [F(1,31) = 5.010, p = 0.033]. No correlations were observed between changes in substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity (p > 0.05). Following SIT, individuals living with obesity increased submaximal fat oxidation compared to individuals without obesity. No correlations were observed between substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Thus, SIT impacts fat oxidation during exercise in individuals living with obesity while having no such influence on insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Colpitts
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle LaboratoryFrederictonCanada
- Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonCanada
| | - Ken Seaman
- Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonCanada
| | - Ashley L. Eadie
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie Medicine New BrunswickSaint JohnCanada
- IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie Medicine New BrunswickSaint JohnCanada
- IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Danielle R. Bouchard
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle LaboratoryFrederictonCanada
- Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonCanada
- IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle LaboratoryFrederictonCanada
- Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonCanada
- IMPART investigator team Canada
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15
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The "irisin system": From biological roles to pharmacological and nutraceutical perspectives. Life Sci 2020; 267:118954. [PMID: 33359670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific interest in irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, has grown exponentially in recent years. Irisin, which is mainly produced in skeletal muscle, influences the browning process of adipose tissue and lipid and energy metabolism. Recent discoveries highlight that the potential of this hormone may have been underestimated. In the first part of this review, reports on irisin structure and molecules involved in its metabolic pathway are shown. Furthermore, data related to unclear aspects are also reported: distribution, different gene expression of its precursors in different tissues, physiological levels of circulating irisin, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The second part of this work focuses on exogenous stimuli and pharmacological agents which regulate the metabolic pathway of irisin and its serum concentration. In addition to physical exercise and exposure to low temperatures, which were early recognized as exogenous stimuli able to promote the production of this myokine, preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates the ability of natural and synthetic molecules to interfere with this metabolic pathway. Current experimental data on irisin cannot dissolve all doubts related to this interesting molecule, but they certainly underline its potential for therapeutic purposes. Thus, identification of new pharmacological tools able to act on the irisin pathway is a challenging issue for biomedical research.
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16
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Hébert JJ, Sénéchal M, Fairchild T, Møller NC, Klakk H, Wedderkopp N. Developmental Trajectories of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Aerobic Fitness in Youth: Implications for Physical Activity Guideline Recommendations (CHAMPS Study-DK). Sports Med 2020; 50:2253-2261. [PMID: 32880817 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Describe the trajectories of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and aerobic fitness in children and identify different outcomes of guideline-recommended physical activity (PA) in a subset of active children. METHODS We recruited students from 10 public primary schools and obtained repeated measures of BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness over 30 months. Aerobic fitness was measured with the Andersen test. We objectively measured physical activity behaviour with accelerometers and classified children as 'physically active' when they achieved ≥ 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day (guideline concordance). Univariate trajectories of BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness were calculated for all children, and we constructed a multi-trajectory model comprising all outcomes in the subgroup of physically active children. The construct validity of all models was investigated by examining for between-group differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors obtained from fasting blood samples. RESULTS Data from 1208 children (53% female) with a mean (SD) age of 8.4 (1.4) years were included. The univariate trajectory models identified three distinct trajectories for BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness. The multi-trajectory model classified 9.1% of physically active children as following an 'overweight/obese/low fitness' trajectory. There were moderate-to-large differences in cardiovascular risk factors between all trajectory groups (p < 0.001; d = 0.4-1.20). CONCLUSION We identified distinct developmental trajectories of BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness in children. Nearly one in 10 children who met PA guideline recommendations followed an unfavourable health trajectory. Health-related PA recommendations may be insufficient for some children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hébert
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Timothy Fairchild
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Niels Christian Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Exercise Epidemiology, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Exercise Epidemiology, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Applied Health Science, University College Lillebælt, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Exercise Epidemiology, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Southwestern Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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18
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Circulating Irisin in Healthy Adults: Changes after Acute Exercise, Correlation with Body Composition, and Energy Expenditure Parameters in Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56060274. [PMID: 32512797 PMCID: PMC7353853 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Skeletal muscles are considered to be the main source of circulating irisin, both at rest and during physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between irisin, body composition, and energy metabolism in humans. Materials and Methods: Serum irisin concentrations before and after acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill in 84 healthy adults were measured and their association with body composition and energy expenditure (EE) (obtained from indirect calorimetry) was determined. Results: The total pre-exercise irisin concentrations in males and females were similar, but higher in females when expressed per body mass kg (p < 0.001). There was an association between pre-exercise irisin per body mass kg, visceral fat rating (rho = −0.52, p = 0.001), and lean tissue % (rho = 0.41, p < 0.05) in males and lean body mass index (LBMI) (rho = −0.59, p < 0.001) in females. The pre-exercise irisin concentration correlated with the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in both sexes (rho = 0.44 in males, rho = 0.36 in females; p < 0.05), but with walking, running, and the EE difference from RMR in running (Δ running EE) in males only (rho = 0.32 to 0.37, p < 0.05). There was no significant change in irisin concentration after exercise in 58% of participants, while it decreased in 23%, and increased in 19%. In male subjects with no change in irisin concentration after exercise, running (p < 0.05) and Δ running EE per body mass kg (p < 0.05) were higher than in those with decreased irisin concentration. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the association of irisin concentration with body composition and EE parameters has sex-dependent differences, and acute exercise can lead to various changes in post-exercise irisin levels.
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19
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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20
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Hirsch HJ, Gross-Tsur V, Sabag Y, Nice S, Genstil L, Benarroch F, Constantini N. Myokine levels after resistance exercise in young adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:115-121. [PMID: 31692257 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with PWS require marked caloric restriction and daily exercise to prevent morbid obesity. Lower energy expenditure, hypotonia, decreased muscle mass, and cognitive impairment make exercise challenging for this population. Exercise guidelines include resistance training as an important component. Myokine responses to resistance exercise may mediate beneficial metabolic effects. We aimed to determine if young PWS adults can perform a resistance exercise program and to measure myokine responses in PWS versus age- and BMI-matched controls. Each group included 11 participants (7M/4F). Ages and BMI for PWS and controls were 30.7 ± 4.6 versus 30.1 ± 4.3 years and 28.3 ± 4.3 versus 28.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2 , respectively. Glucose, creatine kinase (CK), lactate, and myokines were measured before, after, 30, and 60 min after completing eight resistance exercises. Myokines were assayed using a multiplex myokine panel (Merck Millipore). CK was lower in PWS versus controls (62 ± 16 vs.322 ± 100 U/L, p < .04). Peak lactate was 3.7 ± 0.7 in PWS versus 7.3 ± 0.7 mmol/Lin controls (p < .001). The increase in interleukin-6 was similar in PWS and controls (41 ± 16% and 35 ± 10%, respectively). Pre- and post-exercise levels of the six myokines assayed showed no consistent differences between the PWS and control participants. PWS young adults are capable of performing resistance/strength-building exercise. The lower CK and peak lactate levels in PWS may reflect decreased muscle mass in this population. Further studies are needed to determine optimal exercise regimens and assess the role of myokines incontributing to the metabolic phenotype of PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry J Hirsch
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Varda Gross-Tsur
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yanir Sabag
- The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shachar Nice
- Heidi Rothberg Sport Medicine Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Larry Genstil
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fortu Benarroch
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Herman Dana Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naama Constantini
- The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Heidi Rothberg Sport Medicine Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Trovato E, Di Felice V, Barone R. Extracellular Vesicles: Delivery Vehicles of Myokines. Front Physiol 2019; 10:522. [PMID: 31133872 PMCID: PMC6514434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement and regular physical activity are two important factors that help the human body prevent, reduce and treat different chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, cachexia and cancer. During exercise, several tissues release molecules into the blood stream, and are able to mediate beneficial effects throughout the whole body. In particular, contracting skeletal muscle cells have the capacity to communicate with other organs through the release of humoral factors that play an important role in the mechanisms of adaptation to physical exercise. These muscle-derived factors, today recognized as myokines, act as endocrine and paracrine hormones. Moreover, exercise may stimulate the release of small membranous vesicles into circulation, whose composition is influenced by the same exercise. Combining the two hypotheses, these molecules related to exercise, named exer-kines, might be secreted from muscle cells inside small vesicles (nanovesicles). These could act as messengers in tissue cross talk during physical exercise. Thanks to their ability to deliver useful molecules (such as proteins and miRNA) in both physiological and pathological conditions, extracellular vesicles can be thought of as promising candidates for potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Trovato
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), Human Anatomy and Histology Institute, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), Human Anatomy and Histology Institute, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Innovation and Biotechnology for Health and Exercise (iBioTHEx), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), Human Anatomy and Histology Institute, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
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22
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Maalouf GE, El Khoury D. Exercise-Induced Irisin, the Fat Browning Myokine, as a Potential Anticancer Agent. J Obes 2019; 2019:6561726. [PMID: 31065382 PMCID: PMC6466922 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6561726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a recently discovered myokine that plays an important role in fat metabolism through the browning of white adipose tissue. This myokine is usually secreted after exercise by improving energy balance and has shown great potential as a possible treatment for some metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Obesity has been linked to a higher incidence of some cancers. Furthermore, some studies have shown irisin to have direct positive effects on different types of cancers. Although it is hard to relay conclusions from in vitro to in vivo studies, the majority of the available data favor irisin as a potential substance for cancer regression through reducing proinflammatory markers linked to obesity. However, some controversies remain on the exact benefits of irisin on cancer with some studies showing no or even a negative effect of irisin on cancer. This review summarizes these 2 differing viewpoints and synthesizes them to form a clearer picture of exercise-induced irisin's effects on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diala El Khoury
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, P.O. Box 72, Zouk Mikael, Lebanon
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23
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Evaluation of serum irisin levels in patients with endometrial hyperplasia: A controlled cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.536426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Peschard-Franco M, Castillo EC, Gutierrez-DelBosque G, Treviño V, Silva-Platas C, Perez-Villarreal L, Garcia-Rivas G, Elizondo-Montemayor L. Myokine-adipokine cross-talk: potential mechanisms for the association between plasma irisin and adipokines and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:63. [PMID: 31404407 PMCID: PMC6683550 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines and the myokine irisin, involved in mechanisms associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), are understudied in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between irisin, and leptin, resistin, adiponectin, adipsin, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican children. METHODS A cross-sample of 126 Mexican children aged 6-12 years old were classified as normal weight (n = 46), obese (n = 40), and MS (n = 40) according to CDC's and Cook's age-modified criteria for obesity and MS. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were determined and percentiles calculated for age and gender. Irisin, leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, and physical activity were determined. Statistical tests for differences between groups, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Irisin plasma levels were significantly lower in the obese (6.08 [4.68-6.65]) and MS groups (6.46 [5.74-7.02]) compared with the normal-weight group (8.05 [7.24-8.94]) (p < 0.001). Irisin levels were not influenced by age or gender, but significant dispersion was observed in obese girls (95% CI median [2.29-6.30]). Leptin, resistin, and adipsin levels were significantly increased in the obese and MS groups. Lean-fat ratio was significantly higher in the NW group. Irisin correlated negatively with leptin (- 0.310), resistin (- 0.389), adipsin (- 0.362), BMI% (-0.472), WC% (- 0.453), BMI z-score (- 0.496), fat free mass (- 0.257), fat percentage (- 0.532), fat mass (- 0.515), triglycerides (- 0.291), the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (- 0.443) (p < 0.001); positively with lean-fat ratio (0.489) and HDL-c (0.328) (p < 0.001) and none with physical activity (p < 0.001). Following stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the lean-fat ratio was the only determinant of irisin levels (B = 1.168, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lean-fat ratio, more than the absolute amount of muscle or fat mass, as well as potential myokine-adipokine cross-talk mechanisms may explain the lower irisin levels in children with obesity and MS, through blunted compensatory responses interfering with tissue-dependent irisin secretion, contributing to a continuous deleterious effect cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Mariana Peschard-Franco
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Elena C. Castillo
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Gustavo Gutierrez-DelBosque
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Victor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Christian Silva-Platas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Luisa Perez-Villarreal
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
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25
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Elizondo-Montemayor L, Mendoza-Lara G, Gutierrez-DelBosque G, Peschard-Franco M, Nieblas B, Garcia-Rivas G. Relationship of Circulating Irisin with Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders in the Pediatric Population. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123727. [PMID: 30477139 PMCID: PMC6321121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced irisin, a recently discovered myokine, has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and other diseases in adults; however, information in children is scarce and contradictory. We analyzed the limited evidence of irisin’s effects in children and adolescents, and its association with body composition, exercise training, cardiovascular risk factors, and metabolic diseases, as well as the results of dietetic interventions. Both positive and negative correlations between irisin concentrations and body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, and other anthropometric parameters were found. Likewise, contradictory evidence was shown associating irisin plasma levels with cardiovascular and metabolic parameters such as glucose, insulin resistance, and cholesterol and other lipid and fatty acid plasma levels in healthy children, as well as in those with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gender, puberty, and hormonal differences were also examined. Furthermore, important contradictory findings according to the type and duration of exercise and of dietetic interventions in healthy and unhealthy subjects were demonstrated. In addition, correlations between mother–infant relations and circulating irisin were also identified. This review discusses the potential role of irisin in health and disease in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Mendoza-Lara
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Gutierrez-DelBosque
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Peschard-Franco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Bianca Nieblas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico.
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26
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Blizzard LeBlanc DR, Rioux BV, Pelech C, Moffatt TL, Kimber DE, Duhamel TA, Dolinsky VW, McGavock JM, Sénéchal M. Exercise-induced irisin release as a determinant of the metabolic response to exercise training in obese youth: the EXIT trial. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29208692 PMCID: PMC5727287 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the metabolic improvements following aerobic exercise training remain poorly understood. The primary aim of this study was to determine if an adipomyokine, irisin, responded to acute exercise was associated with the metabolic adaptations to chronic aerobic exercise in obese youth. The acute response to exercise was assessed in 11 obese youth following 45‐min acute bouts of aerobic (AE) and resistance exercise (RE). The irisin area under the curve (pre‐exercise, 15, 30, and 45 min) during these AE sessions were the main exposure variables. The primary outcome measure was the change in insulin sensitivity using the Matsuda index, following 6 weeks of RE training, delivered for 45 min, three times per week at 60–65% 1RM. Participants were also categorized as either responders (above) or nonresponders (below) based on the percentage change in the Matsuda index following the 6‐week intervention. Irisin increased significantly during the acute bout of AE from 29.23 ± 6.96 to 39.30 ± 7.05 ng/mL; P = 0.028, but not significantly during the RE session (P = 0.182). Absolute and relative change in irisin during the acute bout of AE was associated with absolute and relative change in Matsuda index (r = 0.68; P = 0.022 and r = 0.63; P = 0.037) following the 6‐week RE intervention. No such association was observed with the irisin response to acute RE (all P > 0.05). Responders to the 6‐week RE intervention displayed a fourfold greater irisin response to acute AE (90.0 ± 28.0% vs. 22.8 ± 18.7%; P = 0.024) compared to nonresponders. Irisin increases significantly following an acute bout of AE, but not RE, and this response is associated with a greater improvement in insulin sensitivity in response to chronic resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin R Blizzard LeBlanc
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick.,Cardiometabolic Exercise and & Lifestyle Lab, Fredericton, New Brunswick
| | - Brittany V Rioux
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick.,Cardiometabolic Exercise and & Lifestyle Lab, Fredericton, New Brunswick
| | - Cody Pelech
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | - Martin Sénéchal
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick.,Cardiometabolic Exercise and & Lifestyle Lab, Fredericton, New Brunswick
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