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Albertus-Cámara I, Paredes-Ruiz MJ, Martínez-González-Moro I. Analysis of Muscle Oxygenation after a Normobaric Hypoxia Tolerance Test. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:86. [PMID: 38804452 PMCID: PMC11130857 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of acute normobaric hypoxia on quadricep oxygenation. Muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was measured using near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) technology during a normobaric hypoxia tolerance test (NHTT). SmO2 was measured with a Humon Hex® device. In total, 54 healthy subjects participated, 68.5 of which were males and 31.5% of which were females. They performed an NHTT with the IAltitude® simulator, breathing air with an FiO2 level of 11% (equivalent to 5050 m). The maximum duration of the NHTT was set at 10 min, stopping if it reached 83% SpO2. The initial values (PRE) were compared with those obtained at the end of the test (POST) and after 10 min of recovery. The participants were divided into two groups based on whether (G1) they completed the ten minutes or not (G2). In total, 35.1% of men and 41.2% of women completed the 10 min. In both groups, significant differences were observed in the decrease in SmO2 values (p < 0.0001) (G1: PRE = 59.5 ± 12.48%; POST = 55.95 ± 14.30%; G2: PRE = 60.06 ± 13.46%; POST = 57.2 ± 12.3%). There were no differences between groups in any of the three periods. Exposure to normobaric hypoxia produces a decrease in quadricep levels of SmO2 in both sexes, regardless of whether the test is completed. Two patterns appeared: A.-less time and more hypoxia; B. a longer duration and less hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ignacio Martínez-González-Moro
- Physical Exercise and Human Performance Research Group, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, 30001 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.-C.); (M.-J.P.-R.)
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Heiber M, Schittenhelm A, Schlie J, Beckert M, Graf P, Schmidt A. Garmin Fénix 7 ® Underestimates Performance at the Lactate Threshold in Comparison to Standardized Blood Lactate Field Test. Open Access J Sports Med 2024; 15:47-58. [PMID: 38742188 PMCID: PMC11090120 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s444568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lactate threshold (LT) is a critical performance measure traditionally obtained using costly laboratory-based tests. Wearables offer a practical and noninvasive alternative for LT assessment in recreational and professional athletes. However, the comparability of these estimates with the regular field tests requires further evaluation. Patients and Methods In our sample of 26 participants (nf=7 and nm=19), we compared the estimated running pace and heart rate (HR) at LT with two subsequent tests. First, participants performed the Fenix 7® threshold running test after a calibration phase. Subsequently, they were tested in a standardized, graded blood lactate field test. Age was 25.97 (± 6.26) years, and body mass index (BMI) was 24.58 (± 2.8) kg/m2. Results Pace at LT calculated by Fenix 7® (M=11.87 km/h ± 1.26 km/h) was 11.96% lower compared to the field test (M=13.28 km/h ± 1.72 km/h), which was significant (p <0.001, d=-1.19). HR estimated by the Fenix 7® at LT was 1.71% lower (p >0.05). LT data obtained in the field test showed greater overall variance. Conclusion Our results suggest sufficient accuracy of Fenix 7® LT estimates for recreational athletes. It can be assumed that for professional athletes, it would fail to provide the nuanced data needed for high-quality training management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Heiber
- dtec.bw, NextGenerationEU Project Smart Health Lab, University of the Bundeswehr, Chair of Sport Biology Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schittenhelm
- dtec.bw, NextGenerationEU Project Smart Health Lab, University of the Bundeswehr, Chair of Sport Biology Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schlie
- University of the Bundeswehr, Institute of Sport Sciences, Chair of Sport Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Beckert
- University of the Bundeswehr, Institute of Sport Sciences, Chair of Sport Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Graf
- University of the Bundeswehr, Institute of Sport Sciences, Chair of Sport Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- dtec.bw, NextGenerationEU Project Smart Health Lab, University of the Bundeswehr, Chair of Sport Biology Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of the Bundeswehr, Institute of Sport Sciences, Chair of Sport Biology, Munich, Germany
- Research Center Smart Digital Health, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Munich, Germany
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Perrey S, Quaresima V, Ferrari M. Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: An Updated Systematic Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:975-996. [PMID: 38345731 PMCID: PMC11052892 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last 5 years since our last systematic review, a significant number of articles have been published on the technical aspects of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the interpretation of the signals and the benefits of using the NIRS technique to measure the physiological status of muscles and to determine the workload of working muscles. OBJECTIVES Considering the consistent number of studies on the application of muscle oximetry in sports science published over the last 5 years, the objectives of this updated systematic review were to highlight the applications of muscle oximetry in the assessment of skeletal muscle oxidative performance in sports activities and to emphasize how this technology has been applied to exercise and training over the last 5 years. In addition, some recent instrumental developments will be briefly summarized. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, appraise and synthesize existing literature on this topic. Electronic databases such as Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched from March 2017 up to March 2023. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to recreationally trained to elite athletes, with or without training programmes, who must have assessed physiological variables monitored by commercial oximeters or NIRS instrumentation. RESULTS Of the identified records, 191 studies regrouping 3435 participants, met the eligibility criteria. This systematic review highlighted a number of key findings in 37 domains of sport activities. Overall, NIRS information can be used as a meaningful marker of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and can become one of the primary monitoring tools in practice in conjunction with, or in comparison with, heart rate or mechanical power indices in diverse exercise contexts and across different types of training and interventions. CONCLUSIONS Although the feasibility and success of the use of muscle oximetry in sports science is well documented, there is still a need for further instrumental development to overcome current instrumental limitations. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to strengthen the benefits of using muscle oximetry in sports science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Hasegawa J, Azevedo R, Silveira A, Lima-Silva A, Bertuzzi R. Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy: reliability and sensitivity among different endurance cycling exercise intensities. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13102. [PMID: 38451607 PMCID: PMC10913389 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the reliability and sensitivity of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (wNIRS) device in moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. On three separate days, eleven males performed an incremental test to exhaustion, and in the following visits, four submaximal constant-load bouts (i.e., test and retest) were performed in the moderate-intensity domain (100 and 130 W) and heavy-intensity domain (160 and 190 W). The local tissue oxygen saturation index (SmO2) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) were measured continuously. The absolute SmO2 and V̇O2 values and the change (Δ) from the 3rd to 6th min of exercise were calculated. There was good reliability for SmO2 measurements, as indicated by the high intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC ≥0.84 for all) and low coefficient of variation between the two trials (CV ≤4.1% for all). Steady-state responses were observed for SmO2 and V̇O2 from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two moderate-intensity bouts (P>0.05), whereas SmO2 decreased and V̇O2 increased from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two heavy-intensity bouts (P<0.05). Together, these findings suggested that the SmO2 measured with a wNIRS device is reliable and sensitive to track local metabolic changes provoked by slight increments in exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.S. Hasegawa
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R.A. Azevedo
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A.C. Silveira
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A.E. Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Desempenho Humano, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - R. Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Reinpõld K, Rannama I, Port K. Agreement between Ventilatory Thresholds and Bilaterally Measured Vastus Lateralis Muscle Oxygen Saturation Breakpoints in Trained Cyclists: Effects of Age and Performance. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:40. [PMID: 38393260 PMCID: PMC10892087 DOI: 10.3390/sports12020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focused on comparing metabolic thresholds derived from local muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) signals, obtained using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), with global pulmonary ventilation rates measured at the mouth. It was conducted among various Age Groups within a well-trained cyclist population. Additionally, the study examined how cycling performance characteristics impact the discrepancies between ventilatory thresholds (VTs) and SmO2 breakpoints (BPs). METHODS Junior (n = 18) and Senior (n = 15) cyclists underwent incremental cycling tests to assess their aerobic performance and to determine aerobic (AeT) and anaerobic (AnT) threshold characteristics through pulmonary gas exchange and changes in linearity of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle SmO2 signals. We compared the relative power (Pkg) at ventilatory thresholds (VTs) and breakpoints (BPs) for the nondominant (ND), dominant (DO), and bilaterally averaged (Avr) SmO2 during the agreement analysis. Additionally, a 30 s sprint test was performed to estimate anaerobic performance capabilities and to assess the cyclists' phenotype, defined as the ratio of P@VT2 to the highest 5 s sprint power. RESULTS The Pkg@BP for Avr SmO2 had higher agreement with VT values than ND and DO. Avr SmO2 Pkg@BP1 was lower (p < 0.05) than Pkg@VT1 (mean bias: 0.12 ± 0.29 W/kg; Limits of Agreement (LOA): -0.45 to 0.68 W/kg; R2 = 0.72) and mainly among Seniors (0.21 ± 0.22 W/kg; LOA: -0.22 to 0.63 W/kg); there was no difference (p > 0.05) between Avr Pkg@BP2 and Pkg@VT2 (0.03 ± 0.22 W/kg; LOA: -0.40 to 0.45 W/kg; R2 = 0.86). The bias between two methods correlated significantly with the phenotype (r = -0.385 and r = -0.515 for AeT and AnT, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Two breakpoints can be defined in the NIRS-captured SmO2 signal of VL, but the agreement between the two methods at the individual level was too low for interchangeable usage of those methods in the practical training process. Older cyclists generally exhibited earlier thresholds in muscle oxygenation signals compared to systemic responses, unlike younger cyclists who showed greater variability and no significant differences in this regard in bias values between the two threshold evaluation methods with no significant difference between methods. More sprinter-type cyclists tended to have systemic VT thresholds earlier than local NIRS-derived thresholds than athletes with relatively higher aerobic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Reinpõld
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, University of Tallinn, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; (I.R.); (K.P.)
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Ozmen GC, Mabrouk S, Nichols C, Berkebile J, Goossens Q, Gazi AH, Inan OT. Mid-Activity and At-Home Wearable Bioimpedance Elucidates an Interpretable Digital Biomarker of Muscle Fatigue. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:3513-3524. [PMID: 37405890 PMCID: PMC11092386 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3290530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle health and decreased muscle performance (fatigue) quantification has proven to be an invaluable tool for both athletic performance assessment and injury prevention. However, existing methods estimating muscle fatigue are infeasible for everyday use. Wearable technologies are feasible for everyday use and can enable discovery of digital biomarkers of muscle fatigue. Unfortunately, the current state-of-the-art wearable systems for muscle fatigue tracking suffer from either low specificity or poor usability. METHODS We propose using dual-frequency bioimpedance analysis (DFBIA) to non-invasively assess intramuscular fluid dynamics and thereby muscle fatigue. A wearable DFBIA system was developed to measure leg muscle fatigue of 11 individuals during a 13-day protocol consisting of exercise and unsupervised at-home portions. RESULTS We derived a digital biomarker of muscle fatigue, fatigue score, from the DFBIA signals that was able to estimate the percent reduction in muscle force during exercise with repeated-measures Pearson's r = 0.90 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.6%. This fatigue score also estimated delayed onset muscle soreness with repeated-measures Pearson's r = 0.83 and MAE = 0.83. Using at-home data, DFBIA was strongly associated with absolute muscle force of participants (n = 198, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the utility of wearable DFBIA for non-invasively estimating muscle force and pain through the changes in intramuscular fluid dynamics. SIGNIFICANCE The presented approach may inform development of future wearable systems for quantifying muscle health and provide a novel framework for athletic performance optimization and injury prevention.
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Romero-Arenas S, Quero-Calero CD, Abellan-Aynes O, Andreu-Caravaca L, Fernandez-Calero M, Manonelles P, Lopez-Plaza D. Assessment of Intercostal Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Estimating Respiratory Compensation Point in Trained Endurance Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:212. [PMID: 37999429 PMCID: PMC10675049 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of estimating the respiratory compensation point (RCP) in trained endurance athletes by analyzing intercostal muscles' NIRS-derived tissue oxygenation dynamics. Seventeen experienced trail runners underwent an incremental treadmill protocol on two separate occasions, with a 7-day gap between assessments. Gas exchange and muscle oxygenation data were collected, and the oxygen saturation breakpoint (SmO2BP) measured in the intercostal muscles was compared to the RCP, which was identified by the increase in the VE/V.CO2 slope and the point at which the PetCO2 started to decrease. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two methods for any of the variables analyzed. Bland-Altman analysis showed significant agreement between the NIRS and gas analyzer methods for speed (r = 0.96, p < 0.05), HR (r = 0.98, p < 0.05), V.O2 relative to body mass (r = 0.99, p < 0.05), and %SmO2 (r = 0.98, p < 0.05). The interclass correlation coefficient values showed moderate to good reliability (0.60 to 0.86), and test-retest analysis revealed mean differences within the confidence intervals for all variables. These findings suggest that the SmO2BP measured using a portable NIRS device in the intercostal muscles is a reliable and valid tool for estimating the RCP for experienced trail runners and might be useful for coaches and athletes to monitor endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Romero-Arenas
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (C.D.Q.-C.); (L.A.-C.)
| | - Carmen Daniela Quero-Calero
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (C.D.Q.-C.); (L.A.-C.)
- International Chair of Sport Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.M.); (D.L.-P.)
| | - Oriol Abellan-Aynes
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (C.D.Q.-C.); (L.A.-C.)
- International Chair of Sport Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.M.); (D.L.-P.)
| | - Luis Andreu-Caravaca
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (C.D.Q.-C.); (L.A.-C.)
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Heatlh Sciences, Catholic Univeristy of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Fernandez-Calero
- International Chair of Sport Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.M.); (D.L.-P.)
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Manonelles
- International Chair of Sport Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.M.); (D.L.-P.)
| | - Daniel Lopez-Plaza
- International Chair of Sport Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.M.); (D.L.-P.)
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Huang SC, Lee CH, Hsu CC, Chang SY, Chen YA, Chiu CH, Hsiao CC, Su HR. Prediction for blood lactate during exercise using an artificial intelligence-Enabled electrocardiogram: a feasibility study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1253598. [PMID: 37954448 PMCID: PMC10634516 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1253598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The acquisition of blood lactate concentration (BLC) during exercise is beneficial for endurance training, yet a convenient method to measure it remains unavailable. BLC and electrocardiogram (ECG) both exhibit variations with changes in exercise intensity and duration. In this study, we hypothesized that BLC during exercise can be predicted using ECG data. Methods: Thirty-one healthy participants underwent four cardiopulmonary exercise tests, including one incremental test and three constant work rate (CWR) tests at low, moderate, and high intensity. Venous blood samples were obtained immediately after each CWR test to measure BLC. A mathematical model was constructed using 31 trios of CWR tests, which utilized a residual network combined with long short-term memory to analyze every beat of lead II ECG waveform as 2D images. An artificial neural network was used to analyze variables such as the RR interval, age, sex, and body mass index. Results: The standard deviation of the fitting error was 0.12 mmol/L for low and moderate intensities, and 0.19 mmol/L for high intensity. Weighting analysis demonstrated that ECG data, including every beat of ECG waveform and RR interval, contribute predominantly. Conclusion: By employing 2D convolution and artificial neural network-based methods, BLC during exercise can be accurately estimated non-invasively using ECG data, which has potential applications in exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sing-Ya Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Taipei Private Tsai Hsing Senior High School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Hsiao
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Su
- Super Genius Aitak Co., LTD., Taipei, Taiwan
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Whyte E, Thomas S, Marzolini S. Muscle oxygenation of the paretic and nonparetic legs during and after exercise in chronic stroke: Implications for mobility. PM R 2023; 15:1239-1248. [PMID: 36459570 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen delivery and demand are reduced in the paretic leg of individuals after stroke. However, it is unknown how muscle oxygenation, the balance between delivery and utilization of oxygen at the muscle, is altered post-stroke during aerobic exercise and how it relates to mobility. OBJECTIVE To monitor muscle oxygenation changes between the paretic and nonparetic legs of individuals after stroke during treadmill exercise and the 6-minute walk test and analyze the association with mobility. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Cardiac rehabilitation program. PATIENTS Eleven male participants were enrolled in the study. Ten men (30.8 ± 4.1 months post-stroke; age 63.9 ± 13.9 years) with hemiparetic gait pattern finished the study. METHODS OR INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Muscle oxygenation was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy placed on the vastus lateralis of each leg during treadmill exercise at the first ventilatory threshold and during a 6-minute walk test. RESULTS The desaturation slope during treadmill exercise was significantly steeper (p = .047) in the paretic (-0.7 ± 0.6%/s) compared to the nonparetic leg (-0.3 ± 0.2%/s). There was no other significant difference between legs. The 6-minute walk test distance was not correlated with 6-minute walk test muscle oxygenation in either leg (paretic: r = 0.20, p = 0.590; nonparetic: r = 0.42, p = .232). CONCLUSIONS At the onset of treadmill exercise, the paretic leg was unable to effectively match the oxygen demand and extraction of the nonparetic leg, suggesting the need for an immediate cardiovascular warmup prior to initiating moderate intensity exercise in this population. Because the exercise desaturation rate is thought to indicate increased anaerobic metabolism and lactate production, efforts to delay rapid desaturation could improve the sustainability of activities of daily living and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Whyte
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Thomas
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sendra-Pérez C, Sanchez-Jimenez JL, Marzano-Felisatti JM, Encarnación-Martínez A, Salvador-Palmer R, Priego-Quesada JI. Reliability of threshold determination using portable muscle oxygenation monitors during exercise testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12649. [PMID: 37542055 PMCID: PMC10403529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has been suggested for determining metabolic/ventilator thresholds. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the reliability of a portable muscle oxygenation monitor for determining thresholds during exercise testing. The proposed PICO question was: Is the exercise intensity of muscle oxygenation thresholds, using portable NIRS, reliable compared with lactate and ventilatory thresholds for exercise intensity determined in athletes? A search of Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science was undertaken and the review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Fifteen articles were included. The domains which presented the highest biases were confounders (93% with moderate or high risk) and participant selection (100% with moderate or high risk). The intra-class correlation coefficient between exercise intensity of the first ventilatory or lactate threshold and the first muscle oxygenation threshold was 0.53 (obtained with data from only 3 studies), whereas the second threshold was 0.80. The present work shows that although a portable muscle oxygenation monitor has moderate to good reliability for determining the second ventilatory and lactate thresholds, further research is necessary to investigate the mathematical methods of detection, the capacity to detect the first threshold, the detection in multiple regions, and the effect of sex, performance level and adipose tissue in determining thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sendra-Pérez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, C/Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sanchez-Jimenez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, C/Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martín Marzano-Felisatti
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, C/Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Encarnación-Martínez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, C/Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación del Rendimiento Deportivo en Ciclismo y Mujer (REDICYM), Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Campus d'Ontinyent, Laboratorio Biomecánica, Avda. Conde de Torrefiel n° 22, 46870, Ontinyent, Spain
| | - Rosario Salvador-Palmer
- Red Española de Investigación del Rendimiento Deportivo en Ciclismo y Mujer (REDICYM), Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Campus d'Ontinyent, Laboratorio Biomecánica, Avda. Conde de Torrefiel n° 22, 46870, Ontinyent, Spain
- Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Avd. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose I Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, C/Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Red Española de Investigación del Rendimiento Deportivo en Ciclismo y Mujer (REDICYM), Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Campus d'Ontinyent, Laboratorio Biomecánica, Avda. Conde de Torrefiel n° 22, 46870, Ontinyent, Spain.
- Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Avd. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Zhao F, Tomita M, Dutta A. Operational Modal Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measure of 2-Month Exercise Intervention Effects in Sedentary Older Adults with Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1099. [PMID: 37509027 PMCID: PMC10377417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain that can be associated with the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To address this burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program was developed based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The prospectively registered clinical trials (NCT04626453, NCT04812288) involved two groups: an Intervention group of older sedentary adults with T2DM and a Control group of healthy older adults who could be either active or sedentary. The completion rate for the 2-month exercise program was high, with participants completing on an average of 89.14% of the exercise sessions. This indicated that the program was practical, feasible, and well tolerated, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also safe, requiring minimal equipment and no supervision. Our paper presents portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based measures that showed muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), i.e., the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in muscle, drop during bilateral heel rise task (BHR) and the 6 min walk task (6MWT) significantly (p < 0.05) changed at the post-intervention follow-up from the pre-intervention baseline in the T2DM Intervention group participants. Moreover, post-intervention changes from pre-intervention baseline for the prefrontal activation (both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05, q < 0.05) effect at the right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral, during the Mini-Cog task. Here, operational modal analysis provided further insights into the 2-month exercise intervention effects on the very-low-frequency oscillations (<0.05 Hz) during the Mini-Cog task that improved post-intervention in the sedentary T2DM Intervention group from their pre-intervention baseline when compared to active healthy Control group. Then, the 6MWT distance significantly (p < 0.01) improved in the T2DM Intervention group at post-intervention follow-up from pre-intervention baseline that showed improved aerobic capacity and endurance. Our portable NIRS based measures have practical implications at the point of care for the therapists as they can monitor muscle and brain oxygenation changes during physical and cognitive tests to prescribe personalized physical exercise doses without triggering individual stress response, thereby, enhancing vascular health in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Machiko Tomita
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN67TS, UK
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12
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Osmani F, Lago-Fuentes C, Alemany-Iturriaga J, Barcala-Furelos M. The relationship of muscle oxygen saturation analyzer with other monitoring and quantification tools in a maximal incremental treadmill test. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1155037. [PMID: 37275231 PMCID: PMC10232742 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1155037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study aims to explore whether NIRS derived data can be used to identify the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) during a maximal incremental treadmill test in non-professional runners and to determine if there is a correlation between SmO2 and other valid and reliable exercise performance assessment measures or parameters for maximal incremental test, such as lactate concentration (LT), RPE, HR, and running power (W). Methods: 24 participants were recruited for the study (5 women and 19 men). The devices used consisted of the following: i) a muscle oxygen saturation analyzer placed on the vastus lateralis of the right leg, ii) the Stryd power meter for running, iii) the Polar H7 heart rate band; and iv) the lactate analyzer. In addition, a subjective perceived exertion scale (RPE 1-10) was used. All of the previously mentioned devices were used in a maximal incremental treadmill test, which began at a speed of 8 km/h with a 1% slope and a speed increase of 1.2 km/h every 3 min. This was followed by a 30-s break to collect the lactate data between each 3-min stage. Spearman correlation was carried out and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The VT2 was observed at 87,41 ± 6,47% of the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) of each participant. No relationship between lactate data and SmO2 values (p = 0.076; r = -0.156) at the VT2 were found. No significant correlations were found between the SmO2 variables and the other variables (p > 0.05), but a high level of significance and strong correlations were found between all the following variables: power data (W), heart rate (HR), lactate concentration (LT) and RPE (p < 0.05; r > 0.5). Discussion: SmO2 data alone were not enough to determine the VT2, and there were no significant correlations between SmO2 and the other studied variables during the maximal incremental treadmill test. Only 8 subjects had a breakpoint at the VT2 determined by lactate data. Conclusion: The NIRS tool, Humon Hex, does not seem to be useful in determining VT2 and it does not correlate with the other variables in a maximal incremental treadmill test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Osmani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Lago-Fuentes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Josep Alemany-Iturriaga
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Martín Barcala-Furelos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
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13
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Muscle oxygenation is associated with bilateral strength asymmetry during isokinetic testing in sport teams. Sci Sports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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14
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Seshadri DR, Harlow ER, Thom ML, Emery MS, Phelan DM, Hsu JJ, Düking P, De Mey K, Sheehan J, Geletka B, Flannery R, Calcei JG, Karns M, Salata MJ, Gabbett TJ, Voos JE. Wearable technology in the sports medicine clinic to guide the return-to-play and performance protocols of athletes following a COVID-19 diagnosis. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231177498. [PMID: 37434736 PMCID: PMC10331194 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231177498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has enabled the adoption of digital health platforms for self-monitoring and diagnosis. Notably, the pandemic has had profound effects on athletes and their ability to train and compete. Sporting organizations worldwide have reported a significant increase in injuries manifesting from changes in training regimens and match schedules resulting from extended quarantines. While current literature focuses on the use of wearable technology to monitor athlete workloads to guide training, there is a lack of literature suggesting how such technology can mediate the return to sport processes of athletes infected with COVID-19. This paper bridges this gap by providing recommendations to guide team physicians and athletic trainers on the utility of wearable technology for improving the well-being of athletes who may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, or tested negative but have had to quarantine due to a close exposure. We start by describing the physiologic changes that occur in athletes infected with COVID-19 with extended deconditioning from a musculoskeletal, psychological, cardiopulmonary, and thermoregulatory standpoint and review the evidence on how these athletes may safely return to play. We highlight opportunities for wearable technology to aid in the return-to-play process by offering a list of key parameters pertinent to the athlete affected by COVID-19. This paper provides the athletic community with a greater understanding of how wearable technology can be implemented in the rehabilitation process of these athletes and spurs opportunities for further innovations in wearables, digital health, and sports medicine to reduce injury burden in athletes of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv R Seshadri
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ethan R Harlow
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell L Thom
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael S Emery
- Sports Cardiology Center, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dermot M Phelan
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Düking
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Benjamin Geletka
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Rehabilitation Services and Sports Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Flannery
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jacob G Calcei
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Karns
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Salata
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - James E Voos
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Afshari A, Saager RB, Burgos D, Vogt WC, Wang J, Mendoza G, Weininger S, Sung KB, Durkin AJ, Pfefer TJ. Evaluation of the robustness of cerebral oximetry to variations in skin pigmentation using a tissue-simulating phantom. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2909-2928. [PMID: 35774336 PMCID: PMC9203096 DOI: 10.1364/boe.454020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated that epidermal pigmentation level can affect cerebral oximetry measurements. To evaluate the robustness of these devices, we have developed a phantom-based test method that includes an epidermis-simulating layer with several melanin concentrations and a 3D-printed cerebrovascular module. Measurements were performed with neonatal, pediatric and adult sensors from two commercial oximeters, where neonatal probes had shorter source-detector separation distances. Referenced blood oxygenation levels ranged from 30 to 90%. Cerebral oximeter outputs exhibited a consistent decrease in saturation level with simulated melanin content; this effect was greatest at low saturation levels, producing a change of up to 15%. Dependence on pigmentation was strongest in a neonatal sensor, possibly due to its high reflectivity. Overall, our findings indicate that a modular channel-array phantom approach can provide a practical tool for assessing the impact of skin pigmentation on cerebral oximeter performance and that modifications to algorithms and/or instrumentation may be needed to mitigate pigmentation bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afshari
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Rolf B. Saager
- Linköping Univ., Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Burgos
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - William C. Vogt
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Jianting Wang
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Gonzalo Mendoza
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Sandy Weininger
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Kung-Bin Sung
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. East Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - T. Joshua Pfefer
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
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16
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Effects of an external pneumatic compression device vs static compression garment on peripheral circulation and markers of sports performance and recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1709-1722. [PMID: 35475921 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the effects of a single 30 min partial lower leg external pneumatic compression (EPC) treatment compared to a static compression (SC) garment or a no treatment control (CTL) on markers of recovery and performance following a muscle damaging protocol. METHODS Thirty healthy, active males (23 ± 3 years; 180.2 ± 9.0 cm; 81.6 ± 11.3 kg) performed 100 drop jumps from a 0.6 m box followed by a randomized, single 30 min treatment of either a partial lower leg EPC device worn below the knee and above the ankle (110 mmHg), SC garment (20-30 mmHg) covering the foot and calf just below the knee, or no treatment CTL, and then returned 24 and 48 h later. Participants were assessed for measures of muscle soreness, fatigue, hemodynamics, blood lactate, muscle thickness, circumferences, and performance assessments. RESULTS The drop jump protocol significantly increased muscle soreness (p < 0.001), fatigue (p < 0.001), blood flow (p < 0.001), hemoglobin (p < 0.001), and muscle oxygen saturation (SMO2; p < 0.001). Countermovement jump and squat jump testing completed after treatment with either EPC, SC, or CTL revealed no differences for jump height between any condition. However, EPC treatment maintained consistent braking force and propulsive power measures across all timepoints for countermovement jump testing. EPC and SC treatment also led to better maintenance of squat jump performance for average relative propulsive force and power variables at 24 and 48 h compared to CTL. CONCLUSIONS A single 30 min partial leg EPC treatment may lead to more consistent jump performance following a damaging bout of exercise.
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17
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Gandia-Soriano A, Salas-Montoro JA, Javaloyes A, Lorente-Casaus C, Zabala M, Priego Quesada JI, Mateo March M. Validity and reliability of two NIRS devices to measure resting hemoglobin in elite cyclists. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:875-880. [PMID: 35439835 DOI: 10.1055/a-1828-8499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new method to monitor internal training load from muscle oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy could be of practical application for research and training purposes. This technology has been validated in different scientific fields, including sport science, and Humon Hex and Moxy are two leading brands. However, its relationship with hemoglobin has not been studied. Forty-eight professional cyclists, 19 men and 29 women, underwent a blood test to measure hemoglobin in the early morning. Immediately afterwards, hemoglobin and muscle oxygenation were monitored at rest by Moxy and Humon Hex on their right quadriceps (where the skinfold was measured). Venous blood hemoglobin was higher than the measurement for both devices (p < 0.001). Both hemoglobin (p < 0.001) and muscle oxygen saturation measurements (p < 0.05) were higher in Humon Hex than for Moxy, and there was a reasonable reproducibility (ICC=0.35 for hemoglobin and 0.26 for muscle oxygen saturation). Skinfold had an inverse relationship with hemoglobin measurement (r = -0.85 p < 0.001 for Humon Hex and r = -0.75 p < 0.001 for Moxy). These findings suggest that resting hemoglobin data provided by these devices are not coincident with those of blood sample, and skinfold has an inverse relationship with blood hemoglobin measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gandia-Soriano
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Biophysics and Medical Physics Group (GIFIME), Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Salas-Montoro
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Granada, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Lorente-Casaus
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Biophysics and Medical Physics Group (GIFIME), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Granada, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Priego Quesada
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Biophysics and Medical Physics Group (GIFIME), Valencia, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Red Española de Investigación del Rendimiento Deportivo en Ciclismo y Mujer (REDICYM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Research Group in Sport Biomechanics (GIBD), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo March
- BMX, Spanish Cycling Federation, Alicante, Spain.,Sports Science, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Elche, Spain
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18
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Contreras-Briceño F, Espinosa-Ramirez M, Keim-Bagnara V, Carreño-Román M, Rodríguez-Villagra R, Villegas-Belmar F, Viscor G, Gabrielli L, Andía ME, Araneda OF, Hurtado DE. Determination of the Respiratory Compensation Point by Detecting Changes in Intercostal Muscles Oxygenation by Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030444. [PMID: 35330195 PMCID: PMC8954259 DOI: 10.3390/life12030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate if the changes in oxygen saturation levels at intercostal muscles (SmO2-m.intercostales) assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using a wearable device could determine the respiratory compensation point (RCP) during exercise. Fifteen healthy competitive triathletes (eight males; 29 ± 6 years; height 167.6 ± 25.6 cm; weight 69.2 ± 9.4 kg; V˙O2-máx 58.4 ± 8.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) were evaluated in a cycle ergometer during the maximal oxygen-uptake test (V˙O2-máx), while lung ventilation (V˙E), power output (watts, W) and SmO2-m.intercostales were measured. RCP was determined by visual method (RCPvisual: changes at ventilatory equivalents (V˙E·V˙CO2−1, V˙E·V˙O2−1) and end-tidal respiratory pressure (PetO2, PetCO2) and NIRS method (RCPNIRS: breakpoint of fall in SmO2-m.intercostales). During exercise, SmO2-m.intercostales decreased continuously showing a higher decrease when V˙E increased abruptly. A good agreement between methods used to determine RCP was found (visual vs NIRS) at %V˙O2-máx, V˙O2, V˙E, and W (Bland-Altman test). Correlations were found to each parameters analyzed (r = 0.854; r = 0.865; r = 0.981; and r = 0,968; respectively. p < 0.001 in all variables, Pearson test), with no differences (p < 0.001 in all variables, Student’s t-test) between methods used (RCPvisual and RCPNIRS). We concluded that changes at SmO2-m.intercostales measured by NIRS could adequately determine RCP in triathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (V.K.-B.); (M.C.-R.); (R.R.-V.); (F.V.-B.); (L.G.)
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta #367, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-22-3541512
| | - Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (V.K.-B.); (M.C.-R.); (R.R.-V.); (F.V.-B.); (L.G.)
- Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Vicente Keim-Bagnara
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (V.K.-B.); (M.C.-R.); (R.R.-V.); (F.V.-B.); (L.G.)
| | - Matías Carreño-Román
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (V.K.-B.); (M.C.-R.); (R.R.-V.); (F.V.-B.); (L.G.)
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Villagra
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (V.K.-B.); (M.C.-R.); (R.R.-V.); (F.V.-B.); (L.G.)
| | - Fernanda Villegas-Belmar
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (V.K.-B.); (M.C.-R.); (R.R.-V.); (F.V.-B.); (L.G.)
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (V.K.-B.); (M.C.-R.); (R.R.-V.); (F.V.-B.); (L.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta #367, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Marcelo E. Andía
- Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Oscar F. Araneda
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort (LIBFE), Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Daniel E. Hurtado
- Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Martínez-Gómez R, Valenzuela PL, Lucia A, Barranco-Gil D. Comparison of Different Recovery Strategies After High-Intensity Functional Training: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819588. [PMID: 35185620 PMCID: PMC8850927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether voluntary exercise or surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could enhance recovery after a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) session compared with total rest. The study followed a crossover design. Fifteen male recreational CrossFit athletes (29 ± 8 years) performed a HIFT session and were randomized to recover for 15 min with either low-intensity leg pedaling (“Exercise”), NMES to the lower limbs (“NMES”), or total rest (“Control”). Perceptual [rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the lower-limb muscles], physiological (heart rate, blood lactate and muscle oxygen saturation) and performance (jump ability) indicators of recovery were assessed at baseline and at different time points during recovery up to 24 h post-exercise. A significant interaction effect was found for RPE (p = 0.035), and although post hoc analyses revealed no significant differences across conditions, there was a quasi-significant (p = 0.061) trend toward a lower RPE with NMES compared with Control immediately after the 15-min recovery. No significant interaction effect was found for the remainder of outcomes (all p > 0.05). Except for a trend toward an improved perceived recovery with NMES compared with Control, low-intensity exercise, NMES, and total rest seem to promote a comparable recovery after a HIFT session.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), Madrid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (‘imas12’), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pedro L. Valenzuela,
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (‘imas12’), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barranco-Gil
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Salas-Montoro JA, Mateo March M, Sánchez-Muñoz C, Zabala M. Determination of second lactate threshold using near-infrared spectroscopy in elite cyclists. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:721-728. [PMID: 35021246 DOI: 10.1055/a-1738-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of near-infrared spectroscopy could be an interesting alternative to other invasive or expensive methods to estimate the second lactate threshold. Our objective was to compare the intensities of the muscle oxygen saturation breakpoint obtained with the Humon Hex and the second lactate threshold in elite cyclists. Ninety cyclists performed a maximal graded exercise test. Blood capillary lactate was obtained at the end of steps and muscle oxygenation was continuously monitored. There were no differences (p>0.05) between muscle oxygen oxygenation breakpoint and second lactate threshold neither in power nor in heart rate, nor when these values were relativized as a percentage of maximal aerobic power or maximum heart rate. There were also no differences when men and women were studied separately. Both methods showed a highly correlation in power (r=0.914), percentage of maximal aerobic power (r=0.752), heart rate (r=0.955), and percentage of maximum heart rate (r=0.903). Bland-Altman resulted in a mean difference of 0.05±0.27 W·kg-1, 0.91±4.93%, 0.63±3.25 bpm, and 0.32±1.69% for power, percentage of maximal aerobic power, heart rate and percentage of maximum heart rate respectively. These findings suggest that Humon may be a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to estimate the second lactate threshold intensity in elite cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Antonio Salas-Montoro
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo March
- Health Psichology, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,BMX, Spanish Cycling Federation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (University of Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (University of Granada), Granada, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
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21
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Whyte E, Thomas S, Marzolini S. Muscle Oxygenation of the Paretic and Nonparetic Legs During and After Arterial Occlusion in Chronic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 31:106265. [PMID: 34954600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen delivery and demand are reduced in the paretic leg post-stroke, reflecting decreased vascular function and reduced muscle quantity and quality. However, it is unknown how muscle oxygenation, the balance between muscle oxygen delivery and utilization, is altered in chronic stroke during and after occlusion-induced ischemia. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine muscle oxygen consumption rate, microvascular responsiveness and reactive hyperemia in the paretic and nonparetic legs during and after arterial occlusion post-stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Muscle oxygen saturation was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy on the vastus lateralis of each leg during 3-minute arterial occlusion and recovery (3 min). Muscle oxygen consumption was derived from the desaturation slope during ischemia, microvascular responsiveness was derived from the resaturation slope after ischemia and reactive hyperemia was derived from the area under the curve above baseline after ischemia. RESULTS Eleven subjects (91% male; 32.2±6.1 months post-stroke; age 62.9±13.6 years) with a hemiparetic gait pattern participated. There was no significant between-leg muscle oxygenation difference at rest (paretic: 64.9±16.6%; nonparetic: 70.6±15.6%, p = 0.13). Muscle oxygen consumption in the paretic leg (-0.53±0.24%/s) was significantly reduced compared to the nonparetic leg (-0.70±0.36%/s; p = 0.03). Microvascular responsiveness was significantly reduced in the paretic leg compared to the nonparetic leg (paretic: 4.6±1.8%/s; nonparetic: 5.7±1.6%/s, p = 0.04). Reactive hyperemia was not significantly different between legs (paretic:4384±2341%·s; nonparetic: 3040±2216%·s, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Muscle oxygen consumption and microvascular responsiveness are impaired in the paretic compared to the nonparetic leg, suggesting both reduced skeletal muscle aerobic function and reduced ability to maximally perfuse muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Whyte
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott Thomas
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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22
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Zhang Z, Qi M, Hügli G, Khatami R. Quantitative Changes in Muscular and Capillary Oxygen Desaturation Measured by Optical Sensors during Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Titration for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:bios12010003. [PMID: 35049631 PMCID: PMC8774245 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective treatment. Poor adherence is one of the major challenges in CPAP therapy. The recent boom of wearable optical sensors measuring oxygen saturation makes at-home multiple-night CPAP titrations possible, which may essentially improve the adherence of CPAP therapy by optimizing its pressure in a real-life setting economically. We tested whether the oxygen desaturations (ODs) measured in the arm muscle (arm_OD) by gold-standard frequency-domain multi-distance near-infrared spectroscopy (FDMD-NIRS) change quantitatively with titrated CPAP pressures in OSA patients together with polysomnography. We found that the arm_OD (2.08 ± 1.23%, mean ± standard deviation) was significantly smaller (p-value < 0.0001) than the fingertip OD (finger_OD) (4.46 ± 2.37%) measured by a polysomnography pulse oximeter. Linear mixed-effects models suggested that CPAP pressure was a significant predictor for finger_OD but not for arm_OD. Since FDMD-NIRS measures a mixture of arterial and venous OD, whereas a fingertip pulse oximeter measures arterial OD, our results of no association between arm_OD and finger_OD indicate that the arm_OD mainly represented venous desaturation. Arm_OD measured by optical sensors used for wearables may not be a suitable indicator of the CPAP titration effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Zhang
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Clinic Barmelweid AG, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland; (M.Q.); (G.H.); (R.K.)
- Barmelweid Academy, Clinic Barmelweid AG, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ming Qi
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Clinic Barmelweid AG, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland; (M.Q.); (G.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Gordana Hügli
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Clinic Barmelweid AG, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland; (M.Q.); (G.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Ramin Khatami
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Clinic Barmelweid AG, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland; (M.Q.); (G.H.); (R.K.)
- Barmelweid Academy, Clinic Barmelweid AG, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Van Hoovels K, Xuan X, Cuartero M, Gijssel M, Swarén M, Crespo GA. Can Wearable Sweat Lactate Sensors Contribute to Sports Physiology? ACS Sens 2021; 6:3496-3508. [PMID: 34549938 PMCID: PMC8546758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The rise of wearable
sensors to measure lactate content in human
sweat during sports activities has attracted the attention of physiologists
given the potential of these “analytical tools” to provide
real-time information. Beyond the assessment of the sensing technology per se, which, in fact, has not rigorously been validated
yet in controlled conditions, there are many open questions about
the true usefulness of such wearable sensors in real scenarios. On
the one hand, the evidence for the origin of sweat lactate (e.g.,
via the sweat gland, derivation from blood, or other alternative mechanisms),
its high concentration (1–25 mM or even higher) compared to
levels in the blood, and the possible correlation between different
biofluids (particularly blood) is rather contradictory and generates
vivid debate in the field. On the other hand, it is important to point
out that accurate detection of sweat lactate is highly dependent on
the procedure used to collect and/or reach the fluid, and this can
likely explain the large discrepancies reported in the literature.
In brief, this paper provides our vision of the current state of the
field and a thoughtful evaluation of the possible reasons for present
controversies, together with an analysis of the impact of wearable
sweat lactate sensors in the physiological context. Finally, although
there is not yet overwhelming scientific evidence to provide an unequivocal
answer to whether wearable sweat lactate sensors can contribute to
sports physiology, we still understand the importance to bring this
challenging question up-front to create awareness and guidance in
the development, validation, and implementation of wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van Hoovels
- Kinetic Analysis, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Xing Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarten Gijssel
- Kinetic Analysis, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Swarén
- Swedish Unit of Metrology in Sports, Institution of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden
| | - Gaston A. Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Firouzi F, Farahani B, Daneshmand M, Grise K, Song J, Saracco R, Wang LL, Lo K, Angelov P, Soares E, Loh PS, Talebpour Z, Moradi R, Goodarzi M, Ashraf H, Talebpour M, Talebpour A, Romeo L, Das R, Heidari H, Pasquale D, Moody J, Woods C, Huang ES, Barnaghi P, Sarrafzadeh M, Li R, Beck KL, Isayev O, Sung N, Luo A. Harnessing the Power of Smart and Connected Health to Tackle COVID-19: IoT, AI, Robotics, and Blockchain for a Better World. IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2021; 8:12826-12846. [PMID: 35782886 PMCID: PMC8769005 DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2021.3073904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As COVID-19 hounds the world, the common cause of finding a swift solution to manage the pandemic has brought together researchers, institutions, governments, and society at large. The Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI)-including machine learning (ML) and Big Data analytics-as well as Robotics and Blockchain, are the four decisive areas of technological innovation that have been ingenuity harnessed to fight this pandemic and future ones. While these highly interrelated smart and connected health technologies cannot resolve the pandemic overnight and may not be the only answer to the crisis, they can provide greater insight into the disease and support frontline efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. This article provides a blend of discussions on the contribution of these digital technologies, propose several complementary and multidisciplinary techniques to combat COVID-19, offer opportunities for more holistic studies, and accelerate knowledge acquisition and scientific discoveries in pandemic research. First, four areas, where IoT can contribute are discussed, namely: 1) tracking and tracing; 2) remote patient monitoring (RPM) by wearable IoT (WIoT); 3) personal digital twins (PDTs); and 4) real-life use case: ICT/IoT solution in South Korea. Second, the role and novel applications of AI are explained, namely: 1) diagnosis and prognosis; 2) risk prediction; 3) vaccine and drug development; 4) research data set; 5) early warnings and alerts; 6) social control and fake news detection; and 7) communication and chatbot. Third, the main uses of robotics and drone technology are analyzed, including: 1) crowd surveillance; 2) public announcements; 3) screening and diagnosis; and 4) essential supply delivery. Finally, we discuss how distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), of which blockchain is a common example, can be combined with other technologies for tackling COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Firouzi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Bahar Farahani
- Cyberspace Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran 1983969411 Iran
| | - Mahmoud Daneshmand
- Business Intelligence and AnalyticsStevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
| | - Kathy Grise
- IEEE Future Directions Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Jaeseung Song
- Department of Computer and Information SecuritySejong University Seoul 15600 South Korea
| | | | - Lucy Lu Wang
- Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence Seattle WA 98112 USA
| | - Kyle Lo
- Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence Seattle WA 98112 USA
| | - Plamen Angelov
- School of Computing and CommunicationsLancaster University Lancashire LA1 4YW U.K
| | - Eduardo Soares
- School of Computing and CommunicationsLancaster University Lancashire LA1 4YW U.K
| | - Po-Shen Loh
- Department of Mathematical SciencesCarnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Zeynab Talebpour
- Cyberspace Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran 1983969411 Iran
| | - Reza Moradi
- Cyberspace Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran 1983969411 Iran
| | - Mohsen Goodarzi
- Cyberspace Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran 1983969411 Iran
| | | | | | - Alireza Talebpour
- Cyberspace Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran 1983969411 Iran
| | - Luca Romeo
- Department of Information EngineeringUniversit Politecnica delle Marche 60121 Ancona Italy
| | - Rupam Das
- James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ U.K
| | - Hadi Heidari
- James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ U.K
| | - Dana Pasquale
- School of Medicine and Duke HealthDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - James Moody
- School of Medicine and Duke HealthDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Chris Woods
- School of Medicine and Duke HealthDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Erich S Huang
- School of Medicine and Duke HealthDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Payam Barnaghi
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College London London SW7 2AZ U.K
- U.K. Dementia Research Institute London U.K
| | - Majid Sarrafzadeh
- Computer Science Department & Electrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentUniversity of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Ron Li
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Olexandr Isayev
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Nakmyoung Sung
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute Seongnam 13509 South Korea
| | - Alan Luo
- Computer Science DepartmentStanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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25
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Zhang Z, Qi M, Hügli G, Khatami R. The Challenges and Pitfalls of Detecting Sleep Hypopnea Using a Wearable Optical Sensor: Comparative Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24171. [PMID: 34326039 PMCID: PMC8367170 DOI: 10.2196/24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent respiratory sleep disorder occurring in 9% to 38% of the general population. About 90% of patients with suspected OSA remain undiagnosed due to the lack of sleep laboratories or specialists and the high cost of gold-standard in-lab polysomnography diagnosis, leading to a decreased quality of life and increased health care burden in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Wearable sleep trackers like smartwatches and armbands are booming, creating a hope for cost-efficient at-home OSA diagnosis and assessment of treatment (eg, continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] therapy) effectiveness. However, such wearables are currently still not available and cannot be used to detect sleep hypopnea. Sleep hypopnea is defined by ≥30% drop in breathing and an at least 3% drop in peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (Spo2) measured at the fingertip. Whether the conventional measures of oxygen desaturation (OD) at the fingertip and at the arm or wrist are identical is essentially unknown. Objective We aimed to compare event-by-event arm OD (arm_OD) with fingertip OD (finger_OD) in sleep hypopneas during both naïve sleep and CPAP therapy. Methods Thirty patients with OSA underwent an incremental, stepwise CPAP titration protocol during all-night in-lab video-polysomnography monitoring (ie, 1-h baseline sleep without CPAP followed by stepwise increments of 1 cmH2O pressure per hour starting from 5 to 8 cmH2O depending on the individual). Arm_OD of the left biceps muscle and finger_OD of the left index fingertip in sleep hypopneas were simultaneously measured by frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy and video-polysomnography photoplethysmography, respectively. Bland-Altman plots were used to illustrate the agreements between arm_OD and finger_OD during baseline sleep and under CPAP. We used t tests to determine whether these measurements significantly differed. Results In total, 534 obstructive apneas and 2185 hypopneas were recorded. Of the 2185 hypopneas, 668 (30.57%) were collected during baseline sleep and 1517 (69.43%), during CPAP sleep. The mean difference between finger_OD and arm_OD was 2.86% (95% CI 2.67%-3.06%, t667=28.28; P<.001; 95% limits of agreement [LoA] –2.27%, 8.00%) during baseline sleep and 1.83% (95% CI 1.72%-1.94%, t1516=31.99; P<.001; 95% LoA –2.54%, 6.19%) during CPAP. Using the standard criterion of 3% saturation drop, arm_OD only recognized 16.32% (109/668) and 14.90% (226/1517) of hypopneas at baseline and during CPAP, respectively. Conclusions arm_OD is 2% to 3% lower than standard finger_OD in sleep hypopnea, probably because the measured arm_OD originates physiologically from arterioles, venules, and capillaries; thus, the venous blood adversely affects its value. Our findings demonstrate that the standard criterion of ≥3% OD drop at the arm or wrist is not suitable to define hypopnea because it could provide large false-negative results in diagnosing OSA and assessing CPAP treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Zhang
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Barmelweid, Switzerland.,Barmelweid Academy, Clinic Barmelweid AG, Barmelweid, Switzerland
| | - Ming Qi
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Barmelweid, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Hügli
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Barmelweid, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Khatami
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Barmelweid, Switzerland.,Barmelweid Academy, Clinic Barmelweid AG, Barmelweid, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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The effect of heated humidified nasal high flow oxygen supply on exercise tolerance in patients with interstitial lung disease: A pilot study. Respir Med 2021; 186:106523. [PMID: 34225230 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) experience early symptoms of dyspnoea and leg fatigue during exercise together with severe and rapid oxygen desaturation. Heated and humidified nasal high flow oxygen (NHF) has been proven to enhance exercise endurance and physiological parameters in COPD patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of NHF on exercise tolerance in ILD patients. METHODS Twenty-five patients (10 female) with severe ILD performed three constant-load (70% maximal workload) cycling tests to exhaustion under different breathing conditions: room air, oxygen supplementation (4 L min-1 O2) and NHF (inspiratory O2 fraction 0.5, 30-50 L min-1, heated 34 °C and humidified). RESULTS Endurance time was significantly longer with NHF (618 ± 297 s) compared to O2 (369 ± 217 s, p < 0.001) and room air (171 ± 76 s, p < 0.001). Kinetics of oxygen desaturation, chronotropic response, dyspnoea and leg fatigue sensations were delayed with NHF. At exhaustion with NHF, compared to the two other conditions, oxygen desaturation was less severe while heart rate, dyspnoea and leg fatigue were similar. CONCLUSION NHF significantly improved endurance time, physiological parameters and sensations during exercise in severe ILD patients. NHF may be useful to improve functional capacities and facilitate pulmonary rehabilitation in ILD.
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27
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The Importance of 'Durability' in the Physiological Profiling of Endurance Athletes. Sports Med 2021; 51:1619-1628. [PMID: 33886100 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Profiling physiological attributes is an important role for applied exercise physiologists working with endurance athletes. These attributes are typically assessed in well-rested athletes. However, as has been demonstrated in the literature and supported by field data presented here, the attributes measured during routine physiological-profiling assessments are not static, but change over time during prolonged exercise. If not accounted for, shifts in these physiological attributes during prolonged exercise have implications for the accuracy of their use in intensity regulation during prolonged training sessions or competitions, quantifying training adaptations, training-load programming and monitoring, and the prediction of exercise performance. In this review, we argue that current models used in the routine physiological profiling of endurance athletes do not account for these shifts. Therefore, applied exercise physiologists working with endurance athletes would benefit from development of physiological-profiling models that account for shifts in physiological-profiling variables during prolonged exercise and quantify the 'durability' of individual athletes, here defined as the time of onset and magnitude of deterioration in physiological-profiling characteristics over time during prolonged exercise. We propose directions for future research and applied practice that may enable better understanding of athlete durability.
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28
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Changes in Muscle Oxygen Saturation Measured Using Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Resistance Training: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084293. [PMID: 33919532 PMCID: PMC8074101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to report, through a systematic review of the literature, the baseline and final reference values obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during resistance training in healthy adults. Methods: Original research studies were searched from four databases (Scopus, PubMed, WOS, and SportDiscus). Subsequently, three independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts, followed by full-text reviews to assess the studies’ eligibility. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, data were extracted and methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. Muscle oxygen saturation (% SmO2) during reported muscle strength exercises showed a decreasing trend after a muscle strength protocol; that is, before the protocol (range = 68.07–77.9%) and after (range = 9.50–46.09%). Conclusions: The trend of the SmO2 variables is to decrease after a muscle strength protocol. Studies are lacking that allow expanding the use of these devices during this type of training.
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29
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Cayot TE, Robinson SG, Davis LE, Bender PA, Thistlethwaite JR, Broeder CE, Lauver JD. Estimating the Lactate Threshold Using Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Threshold Detection Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2021; 14:284-294. [PMID: 34055167 PMCID: PMC8136573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation examined the ability of two threshold detection analyses (maximum distance, Dmax; modified maximum distance, mDmax) in identifying the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) threshold, a lactate threshold (LT) estimate, from exercising tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) responses. Additionally, the test-retest reliability of exercising StO2 and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) responses were examined at moderate and peak cycling intensities. Fourteen healthy, recreationally active participants performed maximal incremental step cycling tests (+25 W / 3 minutes) to volitional fatigue on two separate occasions while StO2 and THC of the vastus lateralis were monitored. Exercising blood [lactate] was collected during Session One. LT and NIRS thresholds (NIRS1, NIRS2) were then determined using Dmax and mDmax threshold analyses. Significant (p < 0.05), moderate correlations were detected between LT and NIRS1 when using Dmax (LT = 130 ± 49 W, NIRS1 = 136 ± 34 W, r = 0.690), but not for mDmax (r = 0.487). No significant test-retest reliability for the NIRS thresholds were observed for Dmax (ICC = 0.351) or mDmax (ICC = 0.385). Exercising StO2 responses demonstrated good reliability (ICC = 0.841-0.873) while exercising THC responses demonstrated moderate-good reliability (ICC = 0.720-0.873) at moderate and peak exercise intensities. The results of this study suggest that neither the Dmax nor mDmax threshold analyses should be used to estimate the LT due to the unreliable detection of the NIRS threshold from session to session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent E Cayot
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shara G Robinson
- Division of Mathematics, Computer, and Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay E Davis
- Division of Mathematics, Computer, and Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul A Bender
- Division of Mathematics, Computer, and Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jakob D Lauver
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
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30
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Endo T, Kime R, Fuse S, Murase N, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Changes in Optical Path Length Reveal Significant Potential Errors of Muscle Oxygenation Evaluation during Exercise in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:853-859. [PMID: 33017349 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), performed with a commonly available noninvasive tissue oxygenation monitoring device, is based on the modified Beer-Lambert law (MBLL). Although NIRS based on MBLL (NIRSMBLL) assumes that the optical path length (PL) is constant, the effects of changes in PL during exercise on muscle oxygenation calculated by MBLL are still incompletely understood. Thus, the purposes of this study were to examine the changes in optical properties during ramp incremental exercise and to compare muscle oxygen dynamics measured by time-resolved NIRS with those calculated based on MBLL. METHODS Twenty-two healthy young men performed ramp incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion. Optical properties (reduced scattering coefficient and PL) and absolute oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin and myoglobin concentrations (oxy[Hb + Mb], deoxy[Hb + Mb], and total[Hb + Mb], respectively) at the vastus lateralis were continuously monitored by a three-wavelength (763, 801, and 836) time-resolved NIRS device. The values of oxy-, deoxy-, and total[Hb + Mb] were then recalculated by assuming constant PL. RESULTS PL at all wavelengths statistically significantly shortened during exercise. In particular, PL at 763 nm was greatly shortened, and the average changes during exercise were a 9.8% ± 3.1% reduction. In addition, significant differences in the kinetics of oxy-, deoxy-, and total[Hb + Mb] between directly measuring PL and assuming constant PL were found. The average changes in measured PL and assuming constant PL-deoxy[Hb + Mb] were increases of 28.8 ± 16.0 μM and increases of 16.4 ± 9.3 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION Assuming constant PL in NIRSMBLL significantly underestimated actual muscle oxy/deoxygenation as compared with measurements obtained by real-time PL determination. The percent degree of the underestimated oxy/deoxygenation was greater than the percent degree of the changes in PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, JAPAN
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Wu ST, Rubianes Silva JAI, Novi SL, de Souza NGSR, Forero EJ, Mesquita RC. Accurate Image-guided (Re)Placement of NIRS Probes. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 200:105844. [PMID: 33267972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become an attractive choice to neuroscience because of its high temporal resolution, ease of use, non-invasiveness, and affordability. With the advent of wearable fNIRS technology, on-the-spot studies of brain function have become viable. However, the lack of within-subject reproducibility is one of the barriers to the full acceptability of fNIRS. To support the validation of the claim that within-subject reproducibility of fNIRS could benefit from accurate anatomical information, we present in this paper a method to develop an image-based system that improves the placement of the sensors on the scalp at interactive rates. METHODS The proposed solution consists of an electromagnetic digitizer and an interactive visualization system that allows monitoring the movements of the digitizer on a real head with respect to the underlying cerebral cortical structures. GPU-based volume raycasting rendering is applied to unveil these structures from the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging volume. Scalp and cortical surface are estimated from the scanned volume to improve depth perception. An alignment algorithm between the real and scanned heads is devised to visually feedback the position of the stylus of the digitizer. Off-screen rendering of the depthmaps of the visible surfaces makes spatial positioning of a 2D interaction pointer possible. RESULTS We evaluated the alignment accuracy using four to eight anatomical landmarks and found seven to be a good compromise between precision and efficiency. Next, we evaluated reproducibility in positioning five arbitrarily chosen points on three volunteers by four operators over five sessions. In every session, seven anatomical landmarks were applied in the alignment of the real and the scanned head. For the same volunteer, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences within the five points digitized by the same operator over five sessions (α = 0.05). In addition, preliminary study of motor cortex activation by right-hand finger tapping showed the potential of our approach to increase functional fNIRS reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS Results of experiments suggest that the enhancement of the visualization of the location of the probes on the scalp, relative to the underlying cortical structures, improves reproducibility of fNIRS measurements. As further work, we plan to study the fNIRS reproducibility in other cortical regions and in clinical settings using the proposed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ting Wu
- School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil.
| | - José Angel Iván Rubianes Silva
- School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Novi
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | | | - Edwin Johan Forero
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Rickson C Mesquita
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
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Rodrigo-Carranza V, González-Mohíno F, Turner AP, Rodriguez-Barbero S, González-Ravé JM. Using a Portable Near-infrared Spectroscopy Device to Estimate The Second Ventilatory Threshold. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:905-910. [PMID: 33525000 DOI: 10.1055/a-1343-2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A breakpoint in a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) derived deoxygenated haemoglobin (deoxy[Hb]) signal during an incremental VO2max running test has been associated with the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) in healthy participants. Thus, the aim was to examine the association between this breakpoint (NIRS) and VT2 in well-trained runners. Gas exchange and NIRS data were collected during an incremental VO2max running test for 10 well-trained runners. The breakpoint calculated in oxygen saturation (StO2) and the VT2 were determined and compared in terms relative to %VO2max, absolute speed, VO2, and maximum heart rate (HRmax). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the breakpoint in StO2 and VT2 relative to %VO2max (87.00±6.14 and 88.28 ± 3.98 %), absolute speed (15.70±1.42 and 16.10±1.66 km·h-1), VO2 (53.71±15.17 and 54.66±15.57 ml·kg-1·min-1), and%HRmax (90.90±4.17 and 91.84±3.70%). There were large and significant correlations between instruments relative to%VO2max (r=0.68, p<0.05), absolute speed (r=0.86, p<0.001), VO2 (r=0.86, p<0.001), and %HRmax (r=0.69; p<0.05). A Bland and Altman analysis of agreement between instruments resulted in a mean difference of - 1.27±4.49%, -0.40±0.84 km·h-1,-0.90±3.07 ml·kg-1·min-1, and - 0.94±3.14 for %VO2max, absolute speed, VO2, and %HRmax, respectively. We conclude that a portable NIRS determination of the StO2 breakpoint is comparable with VT2 using gas exchange and therefore appropriate for use in determining exercise training above VT2 intensity. This is the first study to analyze the validity with the running mode using a NIRS portable device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rodrigo-Carranza
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Mohíno
- Facultad de Educación y Lenguas, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Department of Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Barbero
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - José María González-Ravé
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Reliability of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Determination of Muscular Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin Concentration during Rest, Isometric and Dynamic Strength Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238824. [PMID: 33261036 PMCID: PMC7730940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to establish the reliability of the Humon Hex near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) at rest and during isometric and dynamic strength exercises using a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD). Methods: The SmO2 and Hgb values of sixteen healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation (SD): Age = 36.1 ± 6.4 years) were recorded at rest and during isometry (8 s), dynamic strength I (initial load of 40% of the average isometric load, with 2 kg increments until muscle failure) and dynamic strength II (same as I, but with an initial load of 40% of the maximum isometric load) activity. To evaluate the reliability in the determination of SmO2 and Hgb of this device, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were obtained. Results: The main results obtained are SmO2 at rest (CV = 5.76%, SEM = 3.81, ICC = 0.90), isometric strength (CV = 3.03%, SEM = 2.08, ICC = 0.92), dynamic strength I (CV = 10.6, SEM = 7.17, ICC = 0.22) and dynamic strength II (CV = 9.69, SEM = 6.75, ICC = 0.32); Hgb at rest (CV = 1.97%, SEM = 0.24, ICC = 0.65), isometric strength (CV = 0.98%, SEM = 0.12, ICC = 0.96), dynamic strength I (CV = 3.25, SEM = 0.40, ICC = 0.54) and dynamic strength II (CV = 2.74, SEM = 0.34, ICC = 0.65). Conclusions: The study shows that Humon Hex is a reliable device to obtain SmO2 and Hgb data in healthy adult subjects at rest and during isometric strength, providing precision for measurements made with this device.
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Bascuas PJ, Bataller-Cervero AV, Gutierrez H, Berzosa C. Modifications of viscoelastic properties and physiological parameters after performing uphill and downhill running trials. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:625-635. [PMID: 33146488 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trail running performance depends on many factors, including energy cost of running, biomechanical parameters and stiffness. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of different positive and negative slopes on metabolic cost, tight hemoglobin saturation, viscoelastic properties, and vertical peak impacts in physically active young runners. METHODS Nine healthy male volunteers (26±5 years) performed two separate uphill and downhill sessions on an instrumented treadmill; both sessions were completed in a random order at a constant running speed with variable slopes from 0% to ±20%. Oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2</inf>), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO<inf>2</inf>), pulmonary ventilation (V̇E), respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate (HR), muscle oxygen saturation, vertical impacts, and muscle tone and stiffness were assessed. RESULTS During downhill running, V̇O<inf>2peak</inf> and V̇CO<inf>2</inf> significantly decreased, and impacts higher than 6G significantly increased with a negative slope. During uphill running, V̇O<inf>2peak</inf>, V̇CO<inf>2</inf>, V̇E, and maximum HR significantly increased. Minimum values of oxygen saturation and the vastus medialis tone significantly decreased and impacts of 4-5 G significantly increased with a positive slope. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic demand increased proportionally with the uphill slope and showed a linear negative relationship with a light and moderate downhill slope. Vertical impacts of high G-forces increased during downhill running, data that indicate the importance of our ability to attenuate impacts. Finally, muscle tone and stiffness remained stable at all times, results that demonstrated their acute adaptation to running in the absence of extreme fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Bascuas
- San Jorge University, Campus Universitario, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | | | - Héctor Gutierrez
- San Jorge University, Campus Universitario, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | - César Berzosa
- San Jorge University, Campus Universitario, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
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Roblyer D. Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200273-PER. [PMID: 33089674 PMCID: PMC7575829 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.10.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the landscape of healthcare delivery in many countries, with a new shift toward remote patient monitoring (RPM). AIM The goal of this perspective is to highlight the existing and future role of wearable and RPM optical technologies in an increasingly at-home healthcare and research environment. APPROACH First, the specific changes occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare delivery, regulations, and technological innovations related to RPM technologies are reviewed. Then, a review of the current state and potential future impact of optical physiological monitoring in portable and wearable formats is outlined. RESULTS New efforts from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies are advancing and encouraging at-home, portable, and wearable physiological monitors as a growing part of healthcare delivery. It is hoped that these shifts will assist with disease diagnosis, treatment, management, recovery, and rehabilitation with minimal in-person contact. Some of these trends are likely to persist for years to come. Optical technologies already account for a large portion of RPM platforms, with a good potential for future growth. CONCLUSIONS The biomedical optics community has a potentially large role to play in developing, testing, and commercializing new wearable and RPM technologies to meet the changing healthcare and research landscape in the COVID-19 era and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Roblyer
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Budidha K, Mamouei M, Baishya N, Qassem M, Vadgama P, Kyriacou PA. Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy-Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185402. [PMID: 32967189 PMCID: PMC7570541 DOI: 10.3390/s20185402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uninterrupted monitoring of serum lactate levels is a prerequisite in the critical care of patients prone to sepsis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, or severe lung disease. Yet there exists no device to continuously measure blood lactate in clinical practice. Optical spectroscopy together with multivariate analysis is proposed as a viable noninvasive tool for estimation of lactate in blood. As an initial step towards this goal, we inspected the plausibility of predicting the concentration of sodium lactate (NaLac) from the UV/visible, near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of 37 isotonic phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) samples containing NaLac ranging from 0 to 20 mmol/L. UV/visible (300–800 nm) and NIR (800–2600 nm) spectra of PBS samples were collected using the PerkinElmer Lambda 1050 dual-beam spectrophotometer, while MIR (4000–500 cm−1) spectra were collected using the Spectrum two FTIR spectrometer. Absorption bands in the spectra of all three regions were identified and functional groups were assigned. The concentration of lactate in samples was predicted using the Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation. The regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.926, 0.977, and 0.992 for UV/visible, NIR, and MIR spectra, respectively, between the predicted and reference samples. The RMSECV of UV/visible, NIR, and MIR spectra was 1.59, 0.89, and 0.49 mmol/L, respectively. The results indicate that optical spectroscopy together with multivariate models can achieve a superior technique in assessing lactate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Budidha
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (M.M.); (N.B.); (M.Q.); (P.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-2070403878
| | - Mohammad Mamouei
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (M.M.); (N.B.); (M.Q.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Nystha Baishya
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (M.M.); (N.B.); (M.Q.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Meha Qassem
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (M.M.); (N.B.); (M.Q.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IRC) in Biomedical Materials, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (M.M.); (N.B.); (M.Q.); (P.A.K.)
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Robinson MB, Carp SA, Peruch A, Boas DA, Franceschini MA, Sakadžić S. Characterization of continuous wave ultrasound for acousto-optic modulated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (AOM-DCS). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3071-3090. [PMID: 32637242 PMCID: PMC7316011 DOI: 10.1364/boe.390322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intra and post-operative blood flow monitoring of tissue has been shown to be effective in the improvement of patient outcomes. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has been shown to be effective in measuring blood flow at the bedside, and is a useful technique in measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) in many clinical settings. However, DCS suffers from reduced sensitivity to blood flow changes at larger tissue depths, making measurements of CBF in adults difficult. This issue can be addressed with acousto-optic modulated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (AOM-DCS), which is a hybrid technique that combines the sensitivity of DCS to blood flow with ultrasound resolution to allow for improved spatial resolution of the optical signal based on knowledge of the area which is insonified by ultrasound. We present a quantitative model for perfusion estimation based on AOM-DCS in the presence of continuous wave ultrasound, supported by theoretical derivations, Monte Carlo simulations, and phantom and human subject experiments. Quantification of the influence of individual mechanisms that contribute to the temporal fluctuations of the optical intensity due to ultrasound is shown to agree with previously derived results. By using this model, the recovery of blood-flow induced scatterer dynamics based on ultrasound-modulated light is shown to deviate by less than one percent from the standard DCS measurement of scatterer dynamics over a range of optical scattering values and scatterer motion conditions. This work provides an important step towards future implementation of AOM-DCS setups with more complex spatio-temporal distributions of ultrasound pressure, which are needed to enhance the DCS spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B. Robinson
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefan A. Carp
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adriano Peruch
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Angela Franceschini
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Martínez-Gómez R, Valenzuela PL, Alejo LB, Gil-Cabrera J, Montalvo-Pérez A, Talavera E, Lucia A, Moral-González S, Barranco-Gil D. Physiological Predictors of Competition Performance in CrossFit Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3699. [PMID: 32456306 PMCID: PMC7277742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the physiological variables that predict competition performance during a CrossFit competition. Fifteen male amateur CrossFit athletes (age, 35 ± 9 years; CrossFit experience, 40 ± 27 months) performed a series of laboratory-based tests (incremental load test for deep full squat and bench press; squat, countermovement and drop jump tests; and incremental running and Wingate tests) that were studied as potential predictors of CrossFit performance. Thereafter, they performed the five Workouts of the Day (WODs) corresponding to the CrossFit Games Open 2019, and we assessed the relationship between the laboratory-based markers and CrossFit performance with regression analyses. Overall CrossFit performance (i.e., final ranking considering the sum of all WODs, as assessed by number of repetitions, time spent in exercises or weight lifted) was significantly related to jump ability, mean and peak power output during the Wingate test, relative maximum strength for the deep full squat and the bench press, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and speed during the incremental test (all p < 0.05, r = 0.58-0.75). However, the relationship between CrossFit Performance and most laboratory markers varied depending on the analyzed WOD. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that measures of lower-body muscle power (particularly jump ability) and VO2max explained together most of the variance (R2 = 81%, p < 0.001) in overall CrossFit performance. CrossFit performance is therefore associated with different power-, strength-, and aerobic-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martínez-Gómez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), 28016 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia B. Alejo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Gil-Cabrera
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Almudena Montalvo-Pérez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Talavera
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Moral-González
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - David Barranco-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (J.G.-C.); (A.M.-P.); (E.T.); (A.L.); (S.M.-G.); (D.B.-G.)
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Schober P, Schwarte LA. Thinking Out of the (Big) Box: A Wearable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Monitor for the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Air Med J 2020; 39:120-123. [PMID: 32197689 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In prehospital helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) settings, the medical team has limited monitoring options, usually restricted to systemic variables. Regional tissue oxygenation (rO2) can be assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), but clinical NIRS monitors are unpractical ("big boxes" and additional cables) in HEMS. As an alternative, we identified a wearable, athlete training NIRS device (Moxy; Idiag, Fehraltorf, Switzerland) and hypothesized that it would be applicable in our HEMS setting. METHODS This feasibility study was performed at the Dutch HEMS Lifeliner 1. The Moxy sensor was tested in-flight and on ground. We tested various anatomic measurement spots, and multiple conditions and interventions were imposed to track rO2. RESULTS The rO2 measurements with the wearable Moxy NIRS device are both feasible and practical in an HEMS setting. Multiple conditions and interventions were tested successfully (eg, tourniquet placement [rO2↓], muscle compression [rO2↓], reperfusion [rO2↑], oxygen administration [rO2↑], hyperemia [rO2↑], and venous congestion [rO2↓]). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rO2 measurements with the wearable Moxy NIRS device are both feasible and practical in HEMS, and Moxy allows the tracking of simulated pathophysiologic effects on rO2. Future studies will have to verify our preliminary data and elucidate if and how wearable NIRS monitoring may support treatment in HEMS and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schober
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Lifeliner 1, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar A Schwarte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Lifeliner 1, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Roussakis E, Cascales JP, Marks HL, Li X, Grinstaff M, Evans CL. Humidity‐Insensitive Tissue Oxygen Tension Sensing for Wearable Devices
†. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:373-379. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roussakis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Juan Pedro Cascales
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Haley L. Marks
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Mark Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Boston University Boston MA
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
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41
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Żołek N, Rix H, Botwicz M. Analysis of estimation of optical properties of sub superficial structures in multi layered tissue model using distribution function method. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 183:105084. [PMID: 31580969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This paper is focused on the analysis of a method of estimation of the absorption and scattering coefficients of nonhomogeneous two layered structures in time resolved near infrared spectroscopy using method based on cumulative distributions of time of flight of photons. METHODS The research is based on the analysis of the superposition of cumulative distributions of time of flight of photons. This approach allows for detailed analysis of small variations in characteristics of time of flight of photons caused by an electromagnetic propagation in highly scattering non-homogeneous media. The method presented, based on the variation of statistical minimum distance estimation, is compared to the method of standard curve fitting. It is analyzed by fitting the results obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations of light propagation in the turbid medium to the data from the simulated measurements. RESULTS The analysis is carried out for a vast range of optical properties of two layered medium in reflectance geometry. CONCLUSIONS The method allows the estimation of the optical parameters despite the noise in the measured signal, with higher accuracy and generally with smaller number of error function evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Żołek
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hervé Rix
- Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marcin Botwicz
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Van Hooren B, Goudsmit J, Restrepo J, Vos S. Real-time feedback by wearables in running: Current approaches, challenges and suggestions for improvements. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:214-230. [PMID: 31795815 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1690960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Injuries and lack of motivation are common reasons for discontinuation of running. Real-time feedback from wearables can reduce discontinuation by reducing injury risk and improving performance and motivation. There are however several limitations and challenges with current real-time feedback approaches. We discuss these limitations and challenges and provide a framework to optimise real-time feedback for reducing injury risk and improving performance and motivation. We first discuss the reasons why individuals run and propose that feedback targeted to these reasons can improve motivation and compliance. Secondly, we review the association of running technique and running workload with injuries and performance and we elaborate how real-time feedback on running technique and workload can be applied to reduce injury risk and improve performance and motivation. We also review different feedback modalities and motor learning feedback strategies and their application to real-time feedback. Briefly, the most effective feedback modality and frequency differ between variables and individuals, but a combination of modalities and mixture of real-time and delayed feedback is most effective. Moreover, feedback promoting perceived competence, autonomy and an external focus can improve motivation, learning and performance. Although the focus is on wearables, the challenges and practical applications are also relevant for laboratory-based gait retraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Goudsmit
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Restrepo
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Vos
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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43
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Hamaoka T, McCully KK. Review of early development of near-infrared spectroscopy and recent advancement of studies on muscle oxygenation and oxidative metabolism. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:799-811. [PMID: 31359263 PMCID: PMC10717702 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become an increasingly valuable tool to monitor tissue oxygenation (Toxy) in vivo. Observations of changes in the absorption of light with Toxy have been recognized as early as 1876, leading to a milestone NIRS paper by Jöbsis in 1977. Changes in the absorption and scatting of light in the 700-850-nm range has been successfully used to evaluate Toxy. The most practical devices use continuous-wave light providing relative values of Toxy. Phase-modulated or pulsed light can monitor both absorption and scattering providing more accurate signals. NIRS provides excellent time resolution (~ 10 Hz), and multiple source-detector pairs can be used to provide low-resolution imaging. NIRS has been applied to a wide range of populations. Continued development of NIRS devices in terms of lower cost, better detection of both absorption and scattering, and smaller size will lead to a promising future for NIRS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Kevin K McCully
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 115 Ramsey Center, 330 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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44
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Quaresima V, Farzam P, Anderson P, Farzam PY, Wiese D, Carp SA, Ferrari M, Franceschini MA. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy and frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy for measuring microvascular blood flow in dynamically exercising human muscles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1328-1337. [PMID: 31513443 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00324.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 yr, near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has been developed for providing a noninvasive estimate of microvascular blood flow (BF) as a BF index (BFi) in the human skin, muscle, breast, brain, and other tissue types. In this study, we proposed a new motion correction algorithm for DCS-derived BFi able to remove motion artifacts during cycling exercise. We tested this algorithm on DCS data collected during cycling exercise and demonstrated that DCS can be used to quantify muscle BFi during dynamic high-intensity exercise. In addition, we measured tissue regional oxygen metabolic rate (MRO2i) by combining frequency-domain multidistance near-infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) oximetry with DCS flow measures. Recreationally active subjects (n = 12; 31 ± 8 yr, 183 ± 4 cm, 79 ± 10 kg) pedaled at 80-100 revolutions/min until volitional fatigue with a work rate increase of 30 W every 4 min. Exercise intensity was normalized in each subject to the cycling power peak (Wpeak). Both rectus femoris BFi and MRO2i increased from 15% up to 75% Wpeak and then plateaued to the end of the exercise. During the recovery at 30 W cycling power, BFi remained almost constant, whereas MRO2i started to decrease. The BFi/MRO2i plateau was associated with the rising of the lactate concentration, indicating the progressive involvement of the anaerobic metabolism. These findings further highlight the utility of DCS and FDNIRS oximetry as effective, reproducible, and noninvasive techniques to assess muscle BFi and MRO2i in real time during a dynamic exercise such as cycling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that diffuse correlation spectroscopy in combination with frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy can monitor human quadriceps microvascular blood flow and oxygen metabolism with high temporal resolution during a cycling exercise. The optically measured parameters confirm the expected relationship between blood flow, muscle oxidative metabolism, and lactate production during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Parisa Farzam
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Parya Y Farzam
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stefan A Carp
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Franceschini
- Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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45
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Seshadri DR, Li RT, Voos JE, Rowbottom JR, Alfes CM, Zorman CA, Drummond CK. Wearable sensors for monitoring the internal and external workload of the athlete. NPJ Digit Med 2019; 2:71. [PMID: 31372506 PMCID: PMC6662809 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The convergence of semiconductor technology, physiology, and predictive health analytics from wearable devices has advanced its clinical and translational utility for sports. The detection and subsequent application of metrics pertinent to and indicative of the physical performance, physiological status, biochemical composition, and mental alertness of the athlete has been shown to reduce the risk of injuries and improve performance and has enabled the development of athlete-centered protocols and treatment plans by team physicians and trainers. Our discussions in this review include commercially available devices, as well as those described in scientific literature to provide an understanding of wearable sensors for sports medicine. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the applications of wearable technology for assessing the biomechanical and physiological parameters of the athlete. A secondary objective of this paper is to identify collaborative research opportunities among academic research groups, sports medicine health clinics, and sports team performance programs to further the utility of this technology to assist in the return-to-play for athletes across various sporting domains. A companion paper discusses the use of wearables to monitor the biochemical profile and mental acuity of the athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv R. Seshadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Ryan T. Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - James E. Voos
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - James R. Rowbottom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Celeste M. Alfes
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 9501 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Christian A. Zorman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Colin K. Drummond
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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46
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Seshadri DR, Magliato S, Voos JE, Drummond C. Clinical translation of biomedical sensors for sports medicine. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 43:66-81. [PMID: 31119965 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2019.1612474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The digital health field has seen a surge in product development over the last decade, with product introductions ranging from wrist monitors, epidermal electronics, electronic pills and smart garments, much of these precipitated through the commercialisation and commoditisation of sensor technology. The emergence of wearable technology has recently garnered heightened interest by physicians and the general public. The convenient use of wireless technology to track and monitor physiological parameters, such as heart rate, distance, sleep and stress, has emerged to become relevant to patient care and human performance assessment. However, collecting data is not enough to inform clinical decision-making. It is essential to translate the acquired data into information relevant to clinicians. Our experiences tell us that team competencies must mirror the interdisciplinary technology itself. Thus, an interdisciplinary team blending expertise from engineering, medicine, and nursing is believed to be essential in translating wearable technology into the field. This review discusses the application of wearable sensors to monitor human performance assessment in domains necessitating accurate, reliable, and timely transmission of acquired bio-metric and bio-vital data. A key result disseminating from our investigations is the need to develop predictive models based off of the data acquired from wearable devices to necessitate the development of athlete-centred treatment plans to expedite the return-to-play time and to maximise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv R Seshadri
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Samantha Magliato
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - James E Voos
- b University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Colin Drummond
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
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