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Gur N, Zimmerman-Brenner S, Fattal-Valevski A, Rotstein M, Pilowsky Peleg T. Group comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics contribution to broader cognitive and emotion regulation in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1925-1933. [PMID: 35695947 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral techniques in managing tics in youth with Tourette syndrome and tics disorders (TDs). One such intervention is Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT), which focuses on reducing tic severity by training control and regulation. In view of the regulation deficits characteristic to TDs, in the current study, we aimed to explore the contribution of CBIT beyond tic control, to a wider expression of regulation abilities-cognitive inhibition and emotion regulation. A total of 55 participants with TDs, aged 8-15, who were randomly assigned to group-CBIT or group-Educational Intervention for Tics, were compared on cognitive inhibition tests and use of emotion-regulation strategies, pre- and post-intervention. Whereas on none of the scales a significant interaction effect was found reflecting superiority of CBIT over EIT, repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant time effect, with post hoc analyses indicating that cognitive inhibition and cognitive reappraisal significantly increased following CBIT intervention only. Within the group-CBIT, the increase in cognitive reappraisal was associated with higher intellectual ability. These findings may lead to a broader understanding of CBIT contribution to more than tic control, but rather to better cognitive and emotional regulation abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Gur
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 9190501, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Neuropsychological Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Sharon Zimmerman-Brenner
- The Tourette Syndrome Association in Israel (TSAI), Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Psychology, Reichman University IDC, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Aviva Fattal-Valevski
- The Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Rotstein
- The Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tammy Pilowsky Peleg
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 9190501, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Neuropsychological Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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2
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Grandjean A, Suarez I, Da Fonseca D, Casini L. Dissociable effects of positive feedback on the capture and inhibition of impulsive behavior in adolescents with ADHD versus typically developing adolescents. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:543-568. [PMID: 35980108 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated how enhancing motivation by delivering positive feedback (a smiley) after a successful trial could affect interference control in adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and in their typically developing (TD) peers. By using a Simon task within the theoretical framework of the "activation-suppression" model, we were able to separately investigate the expression and the inhibition of impulsive motor behavior. The experiment included 19 adolescents with ADHD and 20 TD adolescents in order to explore whether data found in adolescents with ADHD were similar to those found in TD adolescents. Participants performed the Simon task in two conditions: a condition with feedback delivered after each successful trial and a condition with no feedback. The main findings were that increasing motivation by delivering positive feedback increased impulsive response in both groups of adolescents. It also improved the efficiency of impulsive motor action inhibition in adolescents with ADHD but deteriorated it in TD adolescents. We suggest that 1/increased motivation could lead adolescents to favor fast responses even if incorrect, and 2/the differential effect of feedback on the selective suppression of impulsive motor action in both groups could be due to different baseline DA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Grandjean
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Isabel Suarez
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad del Norte, Baranquilla, Colombia
| | - David Da Fonseca
- Service de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, Hôpital Salvator, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Casini
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
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3
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Raud L, Thunberg C, Huster RJ. Partial response electromyography as a marker of action stopping. eLife 2022; 11:e70332. [PMID: 35617120 PMCID: PMC9203056 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is among the core constructs of cognitive control. It is notoriously difficult to quantify from overt behavior, since the outcome of successful inhibition is the lack of a behavioral response. Currently, the most common measure of action stopping, and by proxy response inhibition, is the model-based stop signal reaction time (SSRT) derived from the stop signal task. Recently, partial response electromyography (prEMG) has been introduced as a complementary physiological measure to capture individual stopping latencies. PrEMG refers to muscle activity initiated by the go signal that plummets after the stop signal before its accumulation to a full response. Whereas neither the SSRT nor the prEMG is an unambiguous marker for neural processes underlying response inhibition, our analysis indicates that the prEMG peak latency is better suited to investigate brain mechanisms of action stopping. This study is a methodological resource with a comprehensive overview of the psychometric properties of the prEMG in a stop signal task, and further provides practical tips for data collection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Raud
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Cluster, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christina Thunberg
- Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Cluster, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - René J Huster
- Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Cluster, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway
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Suarez I, De Los Reyes Aragón C, Grandjean A, Barceló E, Mebarak M, Lewis S, Pineda-Alhucema W, Casini L. Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children. Cogn Neuropsychol 2022; 38:349-363. [PMID: 35209797 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a deficit in inhibitory control. Still, it remains unclear whether it comes from a deficit in reactive inhibition (ability to stop the action in progress), proactive inhibition (ability to exert preparatory control), or both.We compared the performance of 39 children with ADHD and 42 typically developing children performing a Simon choice reaction time task. The Simon task is a conflict task that is well-adapted to dissociate proactive and reactive inhibition. Beyond classical global measures (mean reaction time, accuracy rate, and interference effect), we used more sophisticated dynamic analyses of the interference effect and accuracy rate to investigate reactive inhibition. We studied proactive inhibition through the congruency sequence effect (CSE).Our results showed that children with ADHD had impaired reactive but not proactive inhibition. Moreover, the deficit found in reactive inhibition seems to be due to both a stronger impulse capture and more difficulties in inhibiting impulsive responses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how ADHD affects inhibitory control in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Suarez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.,CNRS, LNC, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | - Aurelie Grandjean
- CNRS, LNC, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Ernesto Barceló
- Instituto Colombiano de Neuropedagogía, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Moises Mebarak
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Soraya Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema
- Programa de Psicología, facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Laurence Casini
- CNRS, LNC, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Eddy CM. The Transdiagnostic Relevance of Self-Other Distinction to Psychiatry Spans Emotional, Cognitive and Motor Domains. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:797952. [PMID: 35360118 PMCID: PMC8960177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-other distinction refers to the ability to distinguish between our own and other people's physical and mental states (actions, perceptions, emotions etc.). Both the right temporo-parietal junction and brain areas associated with the human mirror neuron system are likely to critically influence self-other distinction, given their respective contributions to theory of mind and embodied empathy. The degree of appropriate self-other distinction will vary according to the exact social situation, and how helpful it is to feel into, or remain detached from, another person's mental state. Indeed, the emotional resonance that we can share with others affords the gift of empathy, but over-sharing may pose a downside, leading to a range of difficulties from personal distress to paranoia, and perhaps even motor tics and compulsions. The aim of this perspective paper is to consider how evidence from behavioral and neurophysiological studies supports a role for problems with self-other distinction in a range of psychiatric symptoms spanning the emotional, cognitive and motor domains. The various signs and symptoms associated with problematic self-other distinction comprise both maladaptive and adaptive (compensatory) responses to dysfunction within a common underlying neuropsychological mechanism, compelling the adoption of more holistic transdiagnostic therapeutic approaches within Psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Eddy
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Inhibitory Control Deficits in Children with Tic Disorders Revealed by Object-Hit-and-Avoid Task. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8825091. [PMID: 34306065 PMCID: PMC8270726 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8825091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tic disorders may reflect impaired inhibitory control. This has been evaluated using different behavioural tasks, yielding mixed results. Our objective was to test inhibitory control in children with tics through simultaneous presentation of multiple, mobile stimuli. Methods Sixty-four children with tics (mean age 12.4 years; 7.5-18.5) were evaluated using a validated robotic bimanual exoskeleton protocol (Kinarm) in an object-hit-and-avoid task, in which target and distractor objects moved across a screen and participants aimed to hit only the targets while avoiding distractors. Performance was compared to 146 typically developing controls (mean age 13 years; 6.1-19.9). The primary outcome was the percentage of distractors struck. Results ANCOVA (age as covariate) showed participants struck significantly more distractors (participants without comorbid ADHD, 22.71% [SE 1.47]; participants with comorbid ADHD, 23.56% [1.47]; and controls, 15.59% [0.68]). Participants with comorbid ADHD struck significantly fewer targets (119.74 [2.77]) than controls, but no difference was found between participants without comorbid ADHD (122.66 [2.77]) and controls (127.00 [1.28]). Participants and controls did not differ significantly in movement speed and movement area. Just over 20% of participants with tics fell below the age-predicted norm in striking distractors, whereas fewer than 10% fell outside age-predicted norms in other task parameters. Conclusions In children with tics (without comorbid ADHD), acting upon both targets and distractors suggests reduced ability to suppress responses to potential triggers for action. This may be related to increased sensorimotor noise or abnormal sensory gating.
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Openneer TJC, van der Meer D, Marsman JBC, Forde NJ, Akkermans SEA, Naaijen J, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A. Impaired response inhibition during a stop-signal task in children with Tourette syndrome is related to ADHD symptoms: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:350-361. [PMID: 32821008 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1813329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterised by the presence of sudden, rapid movements and vocalizations (tics). The nature of tics suggests impairments in inhibitory control. However, findings of impaired inhibitory control have so far been inconsistent, possibly due to small sample sizes, wide age ranges, or not taking medication use or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity into account. METHODS We investigated group differences in response inhibition using an fMRI-based stop-signal task in 103 8 to 12-year-old children (n = 51 with TS, of whom n = 28 without comorbid ADHD [TS - ADHD] and n = 23 with comorbid ADHD [TS + ADHD]; and n = 52 healthy controls), and related these measures to tic and ADHD severity. RESULTS We observed an impaired response inhibition performance in children with TS + ADHD, but not in those with TS - ADHD, relative to healthy controls, as evidenced by a slower stop-signal reaction time, slower mean reaction times, and larger variability of reaction times. Dimensional analyses implicated ADHD severity as the driving force in these findings. Neural activation during failed inhibition was stronger in the inferior frontal gyrus and temporal and parietal areas in TS + ADHD compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Impaired inhibitory performance and increased neural activity in TS appear to manifest predominantly in relation to ADHD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaïra J C Openneer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie J Forde
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie E A Akkermans
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Grandjean A, Suarez I, Miquée A, Da Fonseca D, Casini L. [Improvement of the impulsive control in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after a cognitive behavioral therapy]. Encephale 2021; 48:148-154. [PMID: 33994155 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM MPH is the more often prescribed stimulant for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but it has been estimated that 30% of patients do not adequately respond or cannot tolerate it. Therefore, some other therapies are needed, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an intervention proposed over several sessions and aimed at modifying behavior by teaching different techniques that participants can re-use to control their symptoms. In our Institute, we used a program centered on attentional and metacognitive functions. It consists of a series of workshops performed in group at the rate of one workshop of 90minutes per week for 12 weeks. Positive effects on the behavior of adolescents with ADHD have been reported by parents and educators, but the effects of the program on specific cognitive processes have never been precisely investigated. METHOD In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the program on impulsive control in adolescents with ADHD who are known to present impaired impulsive control. Impulsive control is required each time there is a conflict between an inappropriate prepotent action and a goal-directed action. At an experimental level, impulsive control can be studied with conflict tasks, such as the Simon reaction time task. Interpreted within the theoretical framework of the so-called « Dual-process activation suppression » (DPAS) model, this task is a powerful conceptual and experimental tool to separately investigate the activation and inhibition of impulsive actions, which is almost never done in studies about impulsive control. Twenty adolescents followed the program and were tested before and at the end of the program by using dynamic analyses of performance associated with DPAS model. RESULTS The results have shown an improvement of the impulsive control after three months of cognitive behavioral therapy, and this improvement was due to both a decrease of the propensity to trigger impulsive actions and an improvement of inhibitory processes efficiency. CONCLUSION This program could be a relevant alternative to the stimulant medication, more particularly when parents are reluctant with medication or when the adolescent suffers from important side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grandjean
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - I Suarez
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - A Miquée
- Service de Psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, Hôpital Salvator, Marseille, France
| | - D Da Fonseca
- Service de Psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, Hôpital Salvator, Marseille, France
| | - L Casini
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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9
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Mirabella G. Inhibitory control and impulsive responses in neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:520-526. [PMID: 33340369 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The impairment of inhibitory control is often assumed to be the core deficit of several neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor impulse control. However, could the same deficit explain different clinical phenotypes? Evidence from behavioural studies is very mixed. This is partly because inhibition is a highly complex executive function. Thus, the different types of tasks that generically tap into inhibitory control are likely to provide different outcomes. Additionally, sample inhomogeneity in terms of age, comorbidity, and medical treatment are confounding factors. Therefore, to make a reliable assessment of the deficit of inhibitory control in a given disorder, the same task and samples with similar characteristics must be employed. This article reviews and discusses studies on five neurodevelopmental disorders with impaired impulse control where these criteria have been used: Tourette syndrome; obsessive-compulsive disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; primary motor stereotypies; and autism spectrum disorder. Overall, they suggest that the mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges are extremely heterogeneous and cannot be ascribed to a general impairment of inhibition. These findings do not support the hypothesis that inhibitory deficits represent a transdiagnostic feature of neurodevelopmental disorders with poor impulse control. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges in neurodevelopmental disorders are heterogeneous. Inhibition impairments cannot generally explain all neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor urge control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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10
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Grandjean A, Suarez I, Miquee A, Da Fonseca D, Casini L. Differential response to pharmacological intervention in ADHD furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of interference control. Cogn Neuropsychol 2021; 38:138-152. [PMID: 33840374 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1908979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The deficit in "interference control" found in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) could be due to two distinct processes, which are not disentangled in most studies: a larger susceptibility to activating prepotent response impulses and a deficit in suppressing them. Here, we investigated the effect of 1/ADHD and 2/ methylphenidate (MPH), on these two components of interference control. We compared interference control between untreated children with ADHD, children with ADHD under MPH, and typically developing children performing a Simon task. The main findings were that 1/ children with ADHD were more susceptible to reacting impulsively and less efficient at suppressing impulsive actions, and 2/ MPH improved the selective inhibition of impulsive actions but did not modify the strength of response impulse. This work provides an example of how pharmacological interventions and selective responses to them can be used to investigate and further our understanding of cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Grandjean
- CNRS, LNC, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,CNRS, FR 3C, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Isabel Suarez
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Aline Miquee
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Hôpital Salvator, Marseille, France
| | - David Da Fonseca
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Hôpital Salvator, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Casini
- CNRS, LNC, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,CNRS, FR 3C, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Jurgiel J, Miyakoshi M, Dillon A, Piacentini J, Makeig S, Loo SK. Inhibitory control in children with tic disorder: aberrant fronto-parietal network activity and connectivity. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab067. [PMID: 33977267 PMCID: PMC8093924 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tic disorders, including Tourette syndrome, are typically thought to have deficits in cognitive inhibition and top down cognitive control due to the frequent and repetitive occurrence of tics, yet studies reporting task performance results have been equivocal. Despite similar behavioural performance, individuals with chronic tic disorder have exhibited aberrant patterns of neural activation in multiple frontal and parietal regions relative to healthy controls during inhibitory control paradigms. In addition to these top down attentional control regions, widespread alterations in brain activity across multiple neural networks have been reported. There is a dearth, however, of studies examining event-related connectivity during cognitive inhibitory paradigms among affected individuals. The goal of this study was to characterize neural oscillatory activity and effective connectivity, using a case–control design, among children with and without chronic tic disorder during performance of a cognitive inhibition task. Electroencephalogram data were recorded in a cohort of children aged 8–12 years old (60 with chronic tic disorder, 35 typically developing controls) while they performed a flanker task. While task accuracy did not differ by diagnosis, children with chronic tic disorder displayed significant cortical source-level, event-related spectral power differences during incongruent flanker trials, which required inhibitory control. Specifically, attenuated broad band oscillatory power modulation within the anterior cingulate cortex was observed relative to controls. Whole brain effective connectivity analyses indicated that children with chronic tic disorder exhibit greater information flow between the anterior cingulate and other fronto-parietal network hubs (midcingulate cortex and precuneus) relative to controls, who instead showed stronger connectivity between central and posterior nodes. Spectral power within the anterior cingulate was not significantly correlated with any connectivity edges, suggesting lower power and higher connectivity are independent (versus resultant) neural mechanisms. Significant correlations between clinical features, task performance and anterior cingulate spectral power and connectivity suggest this region is associated with tic impairment (r = −0.31, P = 0.03) and flanker task incongruent trial accuracy (r’s = −0.27 to −0.42, P’s = 0.0008–0.04). Attenuated activation of the anterior cingulate along with dysregulated information flow between and among nodes within the fronto-parietal attention network may be neural adaptations that result from frequent engagement of neural pathways needed for inhibitory control in chronic tic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jurgiel
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Dillon
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott Makeig
- Swartz Center for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Nguyen TV, Balachandran P, Muggleton NG, Liang WK, Juan CH. Dynamical EEG Indices of Progressive Motor Inhibition and Error-Monitoring. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040478. [PMID: 33918711 PMCID: PMC8070019 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition has been widely explored using the stop signal paradigm in the laboratory setting. However, the mechanism that demarcates attentional capture from the motor inhibition process is still unclear. Error monitoring is also involved in the stop signal task. Error responses that do not complete, i.e., partial errors, may require different error monitoring mechanisms relative to an overt error. Thus, in this study, we included a “continue go” (Cont_Go) condition to the stop signal task to investigate the inhibitory control process. To establish the finer difference in error processing (partial vs. full unsuccessful stop (USST)), a grip-force device was used in tandem with electroencephalographic (EEG), and the time-frequency characteristics were computed with Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). Relative to Cont_Go, HHT results reveal (1) an increased beta and low gamma power for successful stop trials, indicating an electrophysiological index of inhibitory control, (2) an enhanced theta and alpha power for full USST trials that may mirror error processing. Additionally, the higher theta and alpha power observed in partial over full USST trials around 100 ms before the response onset, indicating the early detection of error and the corresponding correction process. Together, this study extends our understanding of the finer motor inhibition control and its dynamic electrophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Van Nguyen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Prasad Balachandran
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Neil G. Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-(63)-427-4738; Fax: +88-(63)-426-3502
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13
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Nguyen TV, Hsu CY, Jaiswal S, Muggleton NG, Liang WK, Juan CH. To Go or Not to Go: Degrees of Dynamic Inhibitory Control Revealed by the Function of Grip Force and Early Electrophysiological Indices. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:614978. [PMID: 33584231 PMCID: PMC7876446 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.614978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical issue in executive control is how the nervous system exerts flexibility to inhibit a prepotent response and adapt to sudden changes in the environment. In this study, force measurement was used to capture “partial” unsuccessful trials that are highly relevant in extending the current understanding of motor inhibition processing. Moreover, a modified version of the stop-signal task was used to control and eliminate potential attentional capture effects from the motor inhibition index. The results illustrate that the non-canceled force and force rate increased as a function of stop-signal delay (SSD), offering new objective indices for gauging the dynamic inhibitory process. Motor response (time and force) was a function of delay in the presentation of novel/infrequent stimuli. A larger lateralized readiness potential (LRP) amplitude in go and novel stimuli indicated an influence of the novel stimuli on central motor processing. Moreover, an early N1 component reflects an index of motor inhibition in addition to the N2 component reported in previous studies. Source analysis revealed that the activation of N2 originated from inhibitory control associated areas: the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), pre-motor cortex, and primary motor cortex. Regarding partial responses, LRP and error-related negativity (ERNs) were associated with error correction processes, whereas the N2 component may indicate the functional overlap between inhibition and error correction. In sum, the present study has developed reliable and objective indices of motor inhibition by introducing force, force-rate and electrophysiological measures, further elucidating our understandings of dynamic motor inhibition and error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Van Nguyen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Hsu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Satish Jaiswal
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Neil G Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Impulsive prepotent actions and tics in Tourette disorder underpinned by a common neural network. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3548-3557. [PMID: 32994553 PMCID: PMC8505252 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tourette disorder (TD), which is characterized by motor and vocal tics, is not in general considered as a product of impulsivity, despite a frequent association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impulse control disorders. It is unclear which type of impulsivity, if any, is intrinsically related to TD and specifically to the severity of tics. The waiting type of motor impulsivity, defined as the difficulty to withhold a specific action, shares some common features with tics. In a large group of adult TD patients compared to healthy controls, we assessed waiting motor impulsivity using a behavioral task, as well as structural and functional underpinnings of waiting impulsivity and tics using multi-modal neuroimaging protocol. We found that unmedicated TD patients showed increased waiting impulsivity compared to controls, which was independent of comorbid conditions, but correlated with the severity of tics. Tic severity did not account directly for waiting impulsivity, but this effect was mediated by connectivity between the right orbito-frontal cortex with caudate nucleus bilaterally. Waiting impulsivity in unmedicated patients with TD also correlated with a higher gray matter signal in deep limbic structures, as well as connectivity with cortical and with cerebellar regions on a functional level. Neither behavioral performance nor structural or functional correlates were related to a psychometric measure of impulsivity or impulsive behaviors in general. Overall, the results suggest that waiting impulsivity in TD was related to tic severity, to functional connectivity of orbito-frontal cortex with caudate nucleus and to structural changes within limbic areas.
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15
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Kleimaker M, Kleimaker A, Weissbach A, Colzato LS, Beste C, Bäumer T, Münchau A. Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Front Neurol 2020; 11:592258. [PMID: 33244309 PMCID: PMC7683779 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.592258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder typically commencing in childhood and characterized by motor and phonic tics. Its pathophysiology is still incompletely understood. However, there is convincing evidence that structural and functional abnormalities in the basal ganglia, in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, and some cortical areas including medial frontal regions and the prefrontal cortex as well as hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system are key findings. Conventional therapeutic approaches in addition to counseling comprise behavioral treatment, particularly habit reversal therapy, oral pharmacotherapy (antipsychotic medication, alpha-2-agonists) and botulinum toxin injections. In treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome, deep brain stimulation, particularly of the internal segment of the globus pallidus, is an option for a small minority of patients. Based on pathophysiological considerations, non-invasive brain stimulation might be a suitable alternative. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears particularly attractive. It can lead to longer-lasting alterations of excitability and connectivity in cortical networks and inter-connected regions including the basal ganglia through the induction of neural plasticity. Stimulation of the primary motor and premotor cortex has so far not been shown to be clinically effective. Some studies, though, suggest that the supplementary motor area or the temporo-parietal junction might be more appropriate targets. In this manuscript, we will review the evidence for the usefulness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electric stimulation as treatment options in Tourette syndrome. Based on pathophysiological considerations we will discuss the rational for other approaches of non-invasive brain stimulation including state informed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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16
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Abstract
We elaborated an index, the Interference Distribution Index, which allows quantifying the relation between response times and the size of the interference effect. This index is associated with an intuitive graphical representation, the Lorenz-interference plot. We show that this index has some convenient properties in terms of sensitivity to changes in the distribution of the interference effect and to aggregation of individual data. Moreover, it turns out that this index is the only one (up to an arbitrary increasing transformation) possessing these properties. The relevance of this index is illustrated through simulations of a cognitive model of interference effects and reanalysis of experimental data.
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17
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Abstract
Background:Tics, defined as quick, rapid, sudden, recurrent, non-rhythmic motor movements or vocalizations are required components of Tourette Syndrome (TS) - a complex disorder characterized by the presence of fluctuating, chronic motor and vocal tics, and the presence of co-existing neuropsychological problems. Despite many advances, the underlying pathophysiology of tics/TS remains unknown.Objective:To address a variety of controversies surrounding the pathophysiology of TS. More specifically: 1) the configuration of circuits likely involved; 2) the role of inhibitory influences on motor control; 3) the classification of tics as either goal-directed or habitual behaviors; 4) the potential anatomical site of origin, e.g. cortex, striatum, thalamus, cerebellum, or other(s); and 5) the role of specific neurotransmitters (dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and others) as possible mechanisms (Abstract figure).Methods:Existing evidence from current clinical, basic science, and animal model studies are reviewed to provide: 1) an expanded understanding of individual components and the complex integration of the Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Thalamo-Cortical (CBGTC) circuit - the pathway involved with motor control; and 2) scientific data directly addressing each of the aforementioned controversies regarding pathways, inhibition, classification, anatomy, and neurotransmitters.Conclusion:Until a definitive pathophysiological mechanism is identified, one functional approach is to consider that a disruption anywhere within CBGTC circuitry, or a brain region inputting to the motor circuit, can lead to an aberrant message arriving at the primary motor cortex and enabling a tic. Pharmacologic modulation may be therapeutically beneficial, even though it might not be directed toward the primary abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey S. Singer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farhan Augustine
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Mirabella G, Upadhyay N, Mancini C, Giannì C, Panunzi S, Petsas N, Suppa A, Cardona F, Pantano P. Loss in grey matter in a small network of brain areas underpins poor reactive inhibition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 297:111044. [PMID: 32078965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive inhibition correlates with the severity of symptoms in paediatric patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) though not in those with Tourette syndrome (TS). Here we assessed whether structural alterations in both grey (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes correlate with a measure of reactive inhibition, i.e. the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), and with clinical scale scores. Nine OCD and 11 TS uncomplicated drug-naïve paediatric patients and 12 age-matched controls underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Between-group differences in GM and WM volumes across the whole brain were assessed. Outside the scanner, patients performed a reaching version of the stop-signal task. Both behavioural inhibitory control and neuroimaging measures were normal in TS patients. By contrast, OCD patients exhibited a significant loss in GM volume in five areas. The GM volume of the left inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated with the length of the SSRT, the left mid-cingulate gyrus and the right middle frontal gyrus were inversely correlated with the severity of OCD symptoms, and the left insula and the right medial orbitofrontal gyrus were inversely correlated with both. These results indicate that cortical areas showing GM loss in OCD patients are also involved in the network subserving reactive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; DZNE, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Mancini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Giannì
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Panunzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Petsas
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Pantano
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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19
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Atkinson-Clement C, Porte CA, de Liege A, Wattiez N, Klein Y, Beranger B, Valabregue R, Sofia F, Hartmann A, Pouget P, Worbe Y. Neural correlates and role of medication in reactive motor impulsivity in Tourette disorder. Cortex 2020; 125:60-72. [PMID: 31978743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormality of inhibitory control is considered to be a potential cognitive marker of tics in Tourette disorder (TD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and impulse control disorders. The results of the studies on inhibitory control in TD showed discrepant results. The aim of the present study was to assess reactive inhibitory control in adult TD patients with and without antipsychotic medication, and under emotional stimulation (visual images with positive, neutral and negative content). We assessed 31 unmedicated and 19 medicated TD patients and 26 matched healthy controls using the stop signal task as an index of reactive motor impulsivity and emotional stimulation with the aim to increase impulsivity. We performed a multimodal neuroimaging analysis using a regions of interest approach on grey matter signal, resting-state spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity analyses. We found a higher reactive motor impulsivity in TD patients medicated with antipsychotics compared to unmedicated TD patients and controls. This propensity for reactive motor impulsivity in medicated TD patients was not influenced by ADHD or emotional stimulation. Neuroimaging results in medicated TD patients suggested that reactive motor impulsivity was underpinned by an increased grey matter signal from the right supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus; decreased resting-state spontaneous activity of the left putamen; higher functional connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior temporal gyri (bilaterally); lower functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the right subthalamic nucleus. Taken together, our data suggested (i) a deficit in reactive motor impulsivity in TD patients medicated with atypical antipsychotics that was unrelated to ADHD and (ii) that motor impulsivity was underpinned by structures and by functional connectivity of the fronto-temporo-basal ganglia-cerebellar pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Atkinson-Clement
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Camille-Albane Porte
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Astrid de Liege
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Tourette Syndrome, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Wattiez
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Yanica Klein
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Tourette Syndrome, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Beranger
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Sorbonne Université, UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Sorbonne Université, UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Fuaad Sofia
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Tourette Syndrome, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Tourette Syndrome, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurophysiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
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20
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Abstract
Tics are sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations (phonic productions) that are commonly present in children and are required symptoms for the diagnosis of Tourette syndrome. Despite their frequency, the underlying pathophysiology of tics/Tourette syndrome remains unknown. In this review, we discuss a variety of controversies surrounding the pathophysiology of tics, including the following: Are tics voluntary or involuntary? What is the role of the premonitory urge? Are tics due to excess excitatory or deficient inhibition? Is it time to adopt the contemporary version of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical (CBGTC) circuit? and Do we know the primary abnormal neurotransmitter in Tourette syndrome? Data from convergent clinical and animal model studies support complex interactions among the various CBGTC sites and neurotransmitters. Advances are being made; however, numerous pathophysiologic questions persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey S Singer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farhan Augustine
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Pichler EM, Kawohl W, Seifritz E, Roser P. Pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its combination with cannabidiol in treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome: A case report. Int J Psychiatry Med 2019; 54:150-156. [PMID: 30058466 DOI: 10.1177/0091217418791455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anecdotal reports and preliminary studies suggest a therapeutic potential of cannabis in Tourette syndrome. We report the case of a female patient suffering from treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome. METHODS Guideline-directed antipsychotic treatment with risperidone and aripiprazole as well as pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol had no significant effect on Tourette syndrome symptomatology. RESULTS Following administration of a daily dosage of 10 mg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol combined with 20 mg cannabidiol (CBD), the patient showed a rapid and highly significant improvement in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. CONCLUSIONS It can be speculated whether the beneficial effects may rely on the pharmacological properties of cannabidiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Pichler
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau AG, Brugg, Switzerland.,2 Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau AG, Brugg, Switzerland.,2 Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- 2 Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Roser
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau AG, Brugg, Switzerland
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22
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Hirjak D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Fritze S, Sambataro F, Kubera KM, Wolf RC. Motor dysfunction as research domain across bipolar, obsessive-compulsive and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:315-335. [PMID: 30236781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although genuine motor abnormalities (GMA) are frequently found in schizophrenia, they are also considered as an intrinsic feature of bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders with early onset such as autism, ADHD, and Tourette syndrome. Such transnosological observations strongly suggest a common neural pathophysiology. This systematic review highlights the evidence on GMA and their neuroanatomical substrates in bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The data lends support for a common pattern contributing to GMA expression in these diseases that seems to be related to cerebello-thalamo-cortical, fronto-parietal, and cortico-subcortical motor circuit dysfunction. The identified studies provide first evidence for a motor network dysfunction as a correlate of early neurodevelopmental deviance prior to clinical symptom expression. There are also first hints for a developmental risk factor model of these mental disorders. An in-depth analysis of motor networks and related patho-(physiological) mechanisms will not only help promoting Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Motor System construct, but also facilitate the development of novel psychopharmacological models, as well as the identification of neurobiologically plausible target sites for non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Bashore TR, Ally B, van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Wylie SA. Exposing an "Intangible" Cognitive Skill Among Collegiate Football Players: II. Enhanced Response Impulse Control. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1496. [PMID: 30186200 PMCID: PMC6113713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
American football is played in a dynamic environment that places considerable demands on a player’s ability to make fast, precise reactions while controlling premature, impulsive reactions to spatial misinformation. We investigated the hypothesis that collegiate football players are more proficient than their non-athlete counterparts at controlling impulsive motor actions. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football players (n = 280) and non-athlete controls (n = 32) completed a variant of the Simon conflict task, which quantifies choice reaction speed and the proficiency of controlling spatially driven response impulses. Overall, the choice reaction times (RTs) and accuracy rates of football players and controls were equivalent. Similarly, football players and controls were equally susceptible to producing incorrect impulsive motor responses. However, the slowing of RT attributed to the activation and successful inhibition of these impulses (i.e., the Simon effect) was reduced significantly among football players compared to controls. Moreover, differences in impulse control varied by position among the players, with the reduction being greater for offensive than for defensive players. Among offensive players, running backs, wide receivers, and offensive linemen had greater impulse control than did controls, whereas among defensive players only linebackers had greater control. Notably, the Simon effect was reduced by 60% in running backs compared to controls. These results contribute to emerging evidence that elite football players possess more proficient executive control over their motor systems than their age counterparts and suggest that the speed of controlling impulsive motor reactions may represent an enhanced cognitive “intangible” among football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Bashore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States
| | - Brandon Ally
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | | | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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24
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Mancini C, Cardona F, Baglioni V, Panunzi S, Pantano P, Suppa A, Mirabella G. Inhibition is impaired in children with obsessive-compulsive symptoms but not in those with tics. Mov Disord 2018; 33:950-959. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mancini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics; Sapienza University; Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Panunzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience; Sapienza University; Rome Italy
| | - Patrizia Pantano
- Department of Human Neuroscience; Sapienza University; Rome Italy
- Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS); Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neuroscience; Sapienza University; Rome Italy
- Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS); Italy
| | - Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics; Sapienza University; Rome Italy
- Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS); Italy
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25
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Doñamayor N, Strelchuk D, Baek K, Banca P, Voon V. The involuntary nature of binge drinking: goal directedness and awareness of intention. Addict Biol 2018; 23:515-526. [PMID: 28419776 PMCID: PMC5811896 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking represents a public health issue and is a known risk factor in the development of alcohol use disorders. Previous studies have shown behavioural as well as neuroanatomical alterations associated with binge drinking. Here, we address the question of the automaticity or involuntary nature of the behaviour by assessing goal‐directed behaviour and intentionality. In this study, we used a computational two‐step task, designed to discern between model‐based/goal‐directed and model‐free/habitual behaviours, and the classic Libet clock task, to study intention awareness, in a sample of 31 severe binge drinkers (BD) and 35 matched healthy volunteers. We observed that BD had impaired goal‐directed behaviour in the two‐step task compared with healthy volunteers. In the Libet clock task, BD showed delayed intention awareness. Further, we demonstrated that alcohol use severity, as reflected by the alcohol use disorders identification test, correlated with decreased conscious awareness of volitional intention in BD, although it was unrelated to performance on the two‐step task. However, the time elapsed since the last drinking binge influenced the model‐free scores, with BD showing less habitual behaviour after longer abstinence. Our findings suggest that the implementation of goal‐directed strategies and the awareness of volitional intention are affected in current heavy alcohol users. However, the modulation of these impairments by alcohol use severity and abstinence suggests a state effect of alcohol use in these measures and that top‐down volitional control might be ameliorated with alcohol use cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Doñamayor
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | | | - Kwangyeol Baek
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; Ulsan Korea
| | - Paula Banca
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute; Cambridge UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; Cambridge UK
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26
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Jahanshahi M, Rothwell JC. Inhibitory dysfunction contributes to some of the motor and non-motor symptoms of movement disorders and psychiatric disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0198. [PMID: 28242732 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been proposed that similar to goal-directed and habitual action mediated by the fronto-striatal circuits, the fronto-striato-subthalamic-pallidal-thalamo-cortical network may also mediate goal-directed and habitual (automatic) inhibition in both the motor and non-motor domains. Within this framework, some of the clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder can be considered to represent an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual action and inhibition. It is possible that surgical interventions targeting the basal ganglia nuclei, such as deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or the internal segment of the globus pallidus, improve these disorders by restoring a functional balance between facilitation and inhibition in the fronto-striatal networks. These proposals require investigation in future studies.This article is part of the themed issue 'Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Jahanshahi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John C Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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27
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Abstract
This article presents highlights chosen from research that appeared during 2016 on Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Selected articles felt to represent meaningful advances in the field are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Black
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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28
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Abstract
This article presents highlights chosen from research that appeared during 2016 on Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Selected articles felt to represent meaningful advances in the field are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Black
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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29
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van Wouwe NC, Pallavaram S, Phibbs FT, Martinez-Ramirez D, Neimat JS, Dawant BM, D'Haese PF, Kanoff KE, van den Wildenberg WPM, Okun MS, Wylie SA. Focused stimulation of dorsal subthalamic nucleus improves reactive inhibitory control of action impulses. Neuropsychologia 2017; 99:37-47. [PMID: 28237741 PMCID: PMC5493526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Frontal-basal ganglia circuitry dysfunction caused by Parkinson's disease impairs important executive cognitive processes, such as the ability to inhibit impulsive action tendencies. Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's disease improves the reactive inhibition of impulsive actions that interfere with goal-directed behavior. An unresolved question is whether this effect depends on stimulation of a particular Subthalamic Nucleus subregion. The current study aimed to 1) replicate previous findings and additionally investigate the effect of chronic versus acute Subthalamic Nucleus stimulation on inhibitory control in Parkinson's disease patients off dopaminergic medication 2) test whether stimulating Subthalamic Nucleus subregions differentially modulate proactive response control and the proficiency of reactive inhibitory control. In the first experiment, twelve Parkinson's disease patients completed three sessions of the Simon task, Off Deep brain stimulation and medication, on acute Deep Brain Stimulation and on chronic Deep Brain Stimulation. Experiment 2 consisted of 11 Parkinson's disease patients with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation (off medication) who completed two testing sessions involving of a Simon task either with stimulation of the dorsal or the ventral contact in the Subthalamic Nucleus. Our findings show that Deep Brain Stimulation improves reactive inhibitory control, regardless of medication and regardless of whether it concerns chronic or acute Subthalamic Nucleus stimulation. More importantly, selective stimulation of dorsal and ventral subregions of the Subthalamic Nucleus indicates that especially the dorsal Subthalamic Nucleus circuitries are crucial for modulating the reactive inhibitory control of motor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - S Pallavaram
- Department of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - F T Phibbs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D Martinez-Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - B M Dawant
- Department of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P F D'Haese
- Department of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K E Kanoff
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W P M van den Wildenberg
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam and Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S Okun
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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Duprez J, Houvenaghel JF, Naudet F, Dondaine T, Auffret M, Robert G, Drapier D, Argaud S, Vérin M, Sauleau P. Evaluating Cognitive Action Control Using Eye-Movement Analysis: An Oculomotor Adaptation of the Simon Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:84. [PMID: 26973499 PMCID: PMC4773592 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive action control has been extensively studied using conflict tasks such as the Simon task. In most recent studies, this process has been investigated in the light of the dual route hypothesis and more specifically of the activation-suppression model using distributional analyses. Some authors have suggested that cognitive action control assessment is not specific to response modes. In this study we adapted the Simon task, using oculomotor responses instead of manual responses, in order to evaluate whether the resolution of conflict induced by a two-dimensional stimulus yielded similar results to what is usually reported in tasks with manual responses. Results obtained from 43 young healthy participants revealed the typical congruence effect, with longer reaction times (RT) and lesser accuracy in the incongruent condition. Conditional accuracy functions (CAF) also revealed a higher proportion of fast errors in the incongruent condition and delta plots confirmed that conflict resolution was easier, as the time taken to respond increased. These results are very similar to what has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, our observations are in line with the assumptions of the activation-suppression model, in which automatic activation in conflict situations is captured in the fastest responses and selective inhibition of cognitive action control needs time to build up. Altogether, our results suggest that conflict resolution has core mechanisms whatever the response mode, manual or oculomotor. Using oculomotor responses in such tasks could be of interest when investigating cognitive action control in patients with severe motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Duprez
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Houvenaghel
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Neurology Department, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France
| | - Florian Naudet
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Adult Psychiatry Department, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France; Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM 0203), Department of Pharmacology, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France
| | - Thibaut Dondaine
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Adult Psychiatry Department, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France
| | - Manon Auffret
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1 Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Robert
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Adult Psychiatry Department, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France
| | - Dominique Drapier
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Adult Psychiatry Department, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France
| | - Soizic Argaud
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Lab, Swiss Center for Affective SciencesGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Vérin
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Neurology Department, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France
| | - Paul Sauleau
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1Rennes, France; Neurophysiology Department, Rennes University HospitalRennes, France
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Easy to learn, hard to suppress: The impact of learned stimulus-outcome associations on subsequent action control. Brain Cogn 2015; 101:17-34. [PMID: 26554843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of impulsive response tendencies that conflict with goal-directed action is a key component of executive control. An emerging literature reveals that the proficiency of inhibitory control is modulated by expected or unexpected opportunities to earn reward or avoid punishment. However, less is known about how inhibitory control is impacted by the processing of task-irrelevant stimulus information that has been associated previously with particular outcomes (reward or punishment) or response tendencies (action or inaction). We hypothesized that stimulus features associated with particular action-valence tendencies, even though task irrelevant, would modulate inhibitory control processes. Participants first learned associations between stimulus features (color), actions, and outcomes using an action-valence learning task that orthogonalizes action (action, inaction) and valence (reward, punishment). Next, these stimulus features were embedded in a Simon task as a task-irrelevant stimulus attribute. We analyzed the effects of action-valence associations on the Simon task by means of distributional analysis to reveal the temporal dynamics. Learning patterns replicated previously reported biases; inherent, Pavlovian-like mappings (action-reward, inaction-punishment avoidance) were easier to learn than mappings conflicting with these biases (action-punishment avoidance, inaction-reward). More importantly, results from two experiments demonstrated that the easier to learn, Pavlovian-like action-valence associations interfered with the proficiency of inhibiting impulsive actions in the Simon task. Processing conflicting associations led to more proficient inhibitory control of impulsive actions, similar to Simon trials without any association. Fast impulsive errors were reduced for trials associated with punishment in comparison to reward trials or trials without any valence association. These findings provide insight into the temporal dynamics of task irrelevant information associated with action and valence modulating cognitive control. We discuss putative mechanisms that might explain these interactions.
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32
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A fronto–striato–subthalamic–pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:719-32. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Kalsi N, Tambelli R, Aceto P, Lai C. Are Motor Skills and Motor Inhibitions Impaired in Tourette Syndrome? A Review. J Exp Neurosci 2015; 9:57-65. [PMID: 26279630 PMCID: PMC4517831 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental motor disorder described as an inability to inhibit unwanted motor movements. This article reviews research on the execution and inhibition of voluntary motor movements in TS. Over last two decades, a number of studies have addressed the structural and functional deficits associated with this syndrome. Only a limited number of studies have assessed the motor skills in these patients but have failed to reach any conclusive outcome. In the domain of response inhibition also, studies have reported arguable impairments in these patients. It is suggested that these conflicting results can be attributed to co-occurring comorbid conditions, the constraints posed by variable age groups, lack of control measures, and lack of specificity of domains addressed. This review will describe a way in which future research can be directed to increase our knowledge of this otherwise complex spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navkiran Kalsi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Aceto
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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34
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van Velzen LS, Vriend C, de Wit SJ, van den Heuvel OA. Response inhibition and interference control in obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:419. [PMID: 24966828 PMCID: PMC4052433 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, motor response inhibition and interference control have received considerable scientific effort and attention, due to their important role in behavior and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Results of neuroimaging studies indicate that motor response inhibition and interference control are dependent on cortical–striatal–thalamic–cortical (CSTC) circuits. Structural and functional abnormalities within the CSTC circuits have been reported for many neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and trichotillomania. These disorders also share impairments in motor response inhibition and interference control, which may underlie some of their behavioral and cognitive symptoms. Results of task-related neuroimaging studies on inhibitory functions in these disorders show that impaired task performance is related to altered recruitment of the CSTC circuits. Previous research has shown that inhibitory performance is dependent upon dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin signaling, neurotransmitters that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of these disorders. In this narrative review, we discuss the common and disorder-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of inhibition-related dysfunction in OCD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S van Velzen
- GGZ InGeest , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Chris Vriend
- GGZ InGeest , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Stella J de Wit
- GGZ InGeest , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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