1
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Moreau CA, Kumar K, Harvey A, Huguet G, Urchs SGW, Schultz LM, Sharmarke H, Jizi K, Martin CO, Younis N, Tamer P, Martineau JL, Orban P, Silva AI, Hall J, van den Bree MBM, Owen MJ, Linden DEJ, Lippé S, Bearden CE, Almasy L, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Bourgeron T, Bellec P, Jacquemont S. Brain functional connectivity mirrors genetic pleiotropy in psychiatric conditions. Brain 2023; 146:1686-1696. [PMID: 36059063 PMCID: PMC10319760 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropy occurs when a genetic variant influences more than one trait. This is a key property of the genomic architecture of psychiatric disorders and has been observed for rare and common genomic variants. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the microscale genetic overlap (pleiotropy) across psychiatric conditions and cognitive traits may lead to similar overlaps at the macroscale brain level such as large-scale brain functional networks. We took advantage of brain connectivity, measured by resting-state functional MRI to measure the effects of pleiotropy on large-scale brain networks, a putative step from genes to behaviour. We processed nine resting-state functional MRI datasets including 32 726 individuals and computed connectome-wide profiles of seven neuropsychiatric copy-number-variants, five polygenic scores, neuroticism and fluid intelligence as well as four idiopathic psychiatric conditions. Nine out of 19 pairs of conditions and traits showed significant functional connectivity correlations (rFunctional connectivity), which could be explained by previously published levels of genomic (rGenetic) and transcriptomic (rTranscriptomic) correlations with moderate to high concordance: rGenetic-rFunctional connectivity = 0.71 [0.40-0.87] and rTranscriptomic-rFunctional connectivity = 0.83 [0.52; 0.94]. Extending this analysis to functional connectivity profiles associated with rare and common genetic risk showed that 30 out of 136 pairs of connectivity profiles were correlated above chance. These similarities between genetic risks and psychiatric disorders at the connectivity level were mainly driven by the overconnectivity of the thalamus and the somatomotor networks. Our findings suggest a substantial genetic component for shared connectivity profiles across conditions and traits, opening avenues to delineate general mechanisms-amenable to intervention-across psychiatric conditions and genetic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara A Moreau
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, UdeM, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Annabelle Harvey
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, UdeM, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sebastian G W Urchs
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, UdeM, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Laura M Schultz
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hanad Sharmarke
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, UdeM, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Khadije Jizi
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Younis
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Martineau
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pierre Orban
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, UdeM, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ana Isabel Silva
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Integrative Center for Neurogenetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, UdeM, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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2
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Moreau CA, Harvey A, Kumar K, Huguet G, Urchs SGW, Douard EA, Schultz LM, Sharmarke H, Jizi K, Martin CO, Younis N, Tamer P, Rolland T, Martineau JL, Orban P, Silva AI, Hall J, van den Bree MBM, Owen MJ, Linden DEJ, Labbe A, Lippé S, Bearden CE, Almasy L, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Bourgeron T, Bellec P, Jacquemont S. Genetic Heterogeneity Shapes Brain Connectivity in Psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:45-58. [PMID: 36372570 PMCID: PMC10936195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenicity and genetic heterogeneity pose great challenges for studying psychiatric conditions. Genetically informed approaches have been implemented in neuroimaging studies to address this issue. However, the effects on functional connectivity of rare and common genetic risks for psychiatric disorders are largely unknown. Our objectives were to estimate and compare the effect sizes on brain connectivity of psychiatric genomic risk factors with various levels of complexity: oligogenic copy number variants (CNVs), multigenic CNVs, and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) as well as idiopathic psychiatric conditions and traits. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were processed using the same pipeline across 9 datasets. Twenty-nine connectome-wide association studies were performed to characterize the effects of 15 CNVs (1003 carriers), 7 PRSs, 4 idiopathic psychiatric conditions (1022 individuals with autism, schizophrenia, bipolar conditions, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), and 2 traits (31,424 unaffected control subjects). RESULTS Effect sizes on connectivity were largest for psychiatric CNVs (estimates: 0.2-0.65 z score), followed by psychiatric conditions (0.15-0.42), neuroticism and fluid intelligence (0.02-0.03), and PRSs (0.01-0.02). Effect sizes of CNVs on connectivity were correlated to their effects on cognition and risk for disease (r = 0.9, p = 5.93 × 10-6). However, effect sizes of CNVs adjusted for the number of genes significantly decreased from small oligogenic to large multigenic CNVs (r = -0.88, p = 8.78 × 10-6). PRSs had disproportionately low effect sizes on connectivity compared with CNVs conferring similar risk for disease. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity and polygenicity affect our ability to detect brain connectivity alterations underlying psychiatric manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara A Moreau
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Annabelle Harvey
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sebastian G W Urchs
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elise A Douard
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Laura M Schultz
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanad Sharmarke
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Khadije Jizi
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Younis
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thomas Rolland
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Orban
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ana Isabel Silva
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- Département des Sciences de la Décision, HEC, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Integrative Center for Neurogenetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David C Glahn
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Children's Hospital, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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The impact of visual dysfunctions in recent-onset psychosis and clinical high-risk state for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2051-2060. [PMID: 35982238 PMCID: PMC9556592 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Subtle subjective visual dysfunctions (VisDys) are reported by about 50% of patients with schizophrenia and are suggested to predict psychosis states. Deeper insight into VisDys, particularly in early psychosis states, could foster the understanding of basic disease mechanisms mediating susceptibility to psychosis, and thereby inform preventive interventions. We systematically investigated the relationship between VisDys and core clinical measures across three early phase psychiatric conditions. Second, we used a novel multivariate pattern analysis approach to predict VisDys by resting-state functional connectivity within relevant brain systems. VisDys assessed with the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument (SPI-A), clinical measures, and resting-state fMRI data were examined in recent-onset psychosis (ROP, n = 147), clinical high-risk states of psychosis (CHR, n = 143), recent-onset depression (ROD, n = 151), and healthy controls (HC, n = 280). Our multivariate pattern analysis approach used pairwise functional connectivity within occipital (ON) and frontoparietal (FPN) networks implicated in visual information processing to predict VisDys. VisDys were reported more often in ROP (50.34%), and CHR (55.94%) than in ROD (16.56%), and HC (4.28%). Higher severity of VisDys was associated with less functional remission in both CHR and ROP, and, in CHR specifically, lower quality of life (Qol), higher depressiveness, and more severe impairment of visuospatial constructability. ON functional connectivity predicted presence of VisDys in ROP (balanced accuracy 60.17%, p = 0.0001) and CHR (67.38%, p = 0.029), while in the combined ROP + CHR sample VisDys were predicted by FPN (61.11%, p = 0.006). These large-sample study findings suggest that VisDys are clinically highly relevant not only in ROP but especially in CHR, being closely related to aspects of functional outcome, depressiveness, and Qol. Findings from multivariate pattern analysis support a model of functional integrity within ON and FPN driving the VisDys phenomenon and being implicated in core disease mechanisms of early psychosis states.
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4
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Falvella ACB, Smith BJ, Silva-Costa LC, Valença AGF, Crunfli F, Zuardi AW, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, de Almeida V, Martins-de-Souza D. Cannabidiol Displays Proteomic Similarities to Antipsychotics in Cuprizone-Exposed Human Oligodendrocytic Cell Line MO3.13. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:673144. [PMID: 34122009 PMCID: PMC8193732 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.673144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol, a compound of Cannabis sativa, has been proposed as an alternative treatment of schizophrenia. Preclinical and clinical data have suggested that cannabidiol shares more similarity with atypical antipsychotics than typical, both of which are customarily used to manage schizophrenia symptoms. While oligodendrocytes are known to be relevant targets of antipsychotics, the biochemical knowledge in this regard is still limited. Here we evaluated the molecular pathways modulated by cannabidiol compared to the antipsychotics clozapine (atypical) and haloperidol (typical), additionally evaluating the effects of benztropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist that displays a protective effect in oligodendrocytes and myelination. For this purpose, we employed nano-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to investigate the proteomic response to these drugs both in healthy oligodendrocytic cells and in a cuprizone-based toxicity model, using the human oligodendrocyte precursor cell line MO3.13. Cannabidiol shares similarities of biochemical pathways with clozapine and benztropine, in agreement with other studies that indicated an atypical antipsychotic profile. All drugs tested affected metabolic and gene expression pathways and cannabidiol, benztropine, and clozapine modulated cell proliferation and apoptosis when administered after cuprizone-induced toxicity. These general pathways are associated with cuprizone-induced cytotoxicity in MO3.13 cells, indicating a possible proteomic approach when acting against the toxic effects of cuprizone. In conclusion, although modeling oligodendrocytic cytotoxicity with cuprizone does not represent the entirety of the pathophysiology of oligodendrocyte impairments, these results provide insight into the mechanisms associated with the effects of cannabidiol and antipsychotics against cuprizone toxicity, offering new directions of study for myelin-related processes and deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Brambilla Falvella
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bradley Joseph Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licia C Silva-Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aline G F Valença
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Dauvermann MR, Mothersill D, Rokita KI, King S, Holleran L, Kane R, McKernan DP, Kelly JP, Morris DW, Corvin A, Hallahan B, McDonald C, Donohoe G. Changes in Default-Mode Network Associated With Childhood Trauma in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1482-1494. [PMID: 33823040 PMCID: PMC8379545 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence of dysconnectivity within the default-mode network (DMN) in schizophrenia, as measured during resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). History of childhood trauma (CT) is observed at a higher frequency in schizophrenia than in the general population, but its relationship to DMN functional connectivity has yet to be investigated. METHODS CT history and rs-fMRI data were collected in 65 individuals with schizophrenia and 132 healthy controls. Seed-based functional connectivity between each of 4 a priori defined seeds of the DMN (medial prefrontal cortex, right and left lateral parietal lobes, and the posterior cingulate cortex) and all other voxels of the brain were compared across groups. Effects of CT on functional connectivity were examined using multiple regression analyses. Where significant associations were observed, regression analyses were further used to determine whether variance in behavioral measures of Theory of Mind (ToM), previously associated with DMN recruitment, were explained by these associations. RESULTS Seed-based analyses revealed evidence of widespread reductions in functional connectivity in patients vs controls, including between the left/right parietal lobe (LP) and multiple other regions, including the parietal operculum bilaterally. Across all subjects, increased CT scores were associated with reduced prefrontal-parietal connectivity and, in patients, with increased prefrontal-cerebellar connectivity also. These CT-associated differences in DMN connectivity also predicted variation in behavioral measures of ToM. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CT history is associated with variation in DMN connectivity during rs-fMRI in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants, which may partly mediate associations observed between early life adversity and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dauvermann
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - David Mothersill
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychology, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karolina I Rokita
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinead King
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ruan Kane
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan P McKernan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Kelly
- Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; tel: +353-(0)91-495-122, e-mail:
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6
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Wagner NR, MacDonald JL. Atypical Neocortical Development in the Cited2 Conditional Knockout Leads to Behavioral Deficits Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neuroscience 2020; 455:65-78. [PMID: 33346116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian neocortex develops from a single layer of neuroepithelial cells to form a six-layer heterogeneous mosaic of differentiated neurons and glial cells. This process requires a complex choreography of temporally and spatially restricted transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Even subtle disruptions in this regulation can alter the way the neocortex forms and functions, leading to a neurodevelopmental disorder. One epigenetic regulator that is essential for the precise development of the neocortex is CITED2 (CBP/p300 Interacting Transactivator with ED-rich termini). Cited2 is highly expressed by intermediate progenitor cells in the subventricular zone during the generation of the superficial layers of the neocortex. A forebrain-specific conditional knockout of Cited2 (cKO) exhibits reduced proliferation of intermediate progenitor cells embryonically, leading to reduced thickness of the superficial layers and reduced corpus callosum (CC) volume postnatally. Further, the Cited2 cKO display disruptions in balanced neocortical arealization, with a specific reduction in the somatosensory neocortical length, and dysregulation of precise, area-specific neuronal connectivity. Here, we explore the behavioral consequences resulting from this aberrant neocortical development. We demonstrate that Cited2 cKO mice display decreased maternal separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) as neonates, and an increase in rearing behavior and lack of habituation following repeated acoustic startle as adults. They do not display alterations in anxiety-like behavior, overall locomotor activity, or social interactions. Together with the morphological, molecular, and connectivity disruptions, these results identify the Cited2 cKO neocortex as an ideal system to study mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and neuroanatomical disruptions with relevance to human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus R Wagner
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, United States
| | - Jessica L MacDonald
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, United States.
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7
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Moreau CA, Urchs SGW, Kuldeep K, Orban P, Schramm C, Dumas G, Labbe A, Huguet G, Douard E, Quirion PO, Lin A, Kushan L, Grot S, Luck D, Mendrek A, Potvin S, Stip E, Bourgeron T, Evans AC, Bearden CE, Bellec P, Jacquemont S. Mutations associated with neuropsychiatric conditions delineate functional brain connectivity dimensions contributing to autism and schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5272. [PMID: 33077750 PMCID: PMC7573583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
16p11.2 and 22q11.2 Copy Number Variants (CNVs) confer high risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD), but their impact on functional connectivity (FC) remains unclear. Here we report an analysis of resting-state FC using magnetic resonance imaging data from 101 CNV carriers, 755 individuals with idiopathic ASD, SZ, or ADHD and 1,072 controls. We characterize CNV FC-signatures and use them to identify dimensions contributing to complex idiopathic conditions. CNVs have large mirror effects on FC at the global and regional level. Thalamus, somatomotor, and posterior insula regions play a critical role in dysconnectivity shared across deletions, duplications, idiopathic ASD, SZ but not ADHD. Individuals with higher similarity to deletion FC-signatures exhibit worse cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Deletion similarities identified at the connectivity level could be related to the redundant associations observed genome-wide between gene expression spatial patterns and FC-signatures. Results may explain why many CNVs affect a similar range of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara A Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Queen Mary Rd, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Sebastian G W Urchs
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Queen Mary Rd, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada.
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 Rue de l'Université, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Kumar Kuldeep
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pierre Orban
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7401 Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3M5, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Catherine Schramm
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR3571 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Labbe
- Département des Sciences de la Décision, HEC, 3000, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 2A7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Elise Douard
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Quirion
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Queen Mary Rd, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, H3A 0G1, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amy Lin
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute/NPI, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute/NPI, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Stephanie Grot
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7401 Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3M5, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - David Luck
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Adrianna Mendrek
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, 2600 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M IZ7, Canada
| | - Stephane Potvin
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and health Sciences, PO 17666, Al Ain, QC, UAE
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR3571 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 Rue de l'Université, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute/NPI, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Queen Mary Rd, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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8
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Multivariate classification of schizophrenia and its familial risk based on load-dependent attentional control brain functional connectivity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:613-621. [PMID: 31581175 PMCID: PMC7021788 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), as well as their unaffected siblings (SIB), show functional connectivity (FC) alterations during performance of tasks involving attention. As compared with SCZ, these alterations are present in SIB to a lesser extent and are more pronounced during high cognitive demand, thus possibly representing one of the pathways in which familial risk is translated into the SCZ phenotype. Our aim is to measure the separability of SCZ and SIB from healthy controls (HC) using attentional control-dependent FC patterns, and to test to which extent these patterns span a continuum of neurofunctional alterations between HC and SCZ. 65 SCZ with 65 age and gender-matched HC and 39 SIB with 39 matched HC underwent the Variable Attentional Control (VAC) task. Load-dependent connectivity matrices were generated according to correct responses in each VAC load. Classification performances of high, intermediate and low VAC load FC on HC-SCZ and HC-SIB cohorts were tested through machine learning techniques within a repeated nested cross-validation framework. HC-SCZ classification models were applied to the HC-SIB cohort, and vice-versa. A high load-related decreased FC pattern discriminated between HC and SCZ with 66.9% accuracy and with 57.7% accuracy between HC and SIB. A high load-related increased FC network separated SIB from HC (69.6% accuracy), but not SCZ from HC (48.5% accuracy). Our findings revealed signatures of attentional FC abnormalities shared by SCZ and SIB individuals. We also found evidence for potential, SIB-specific FC signature, which may point to compensatory neurofunctional mechanisms in persons at familial risk for schizophrenia.
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9
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Bauer CCC, Okano K, Gosh SS, Lee YJ, Melero H, de los Angeles C, Nestor PG, del Re EC, Northoff G, Niznikiewicz MA, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback reduces auditory hallucinations and modulates resting state connectivity of involved brain regions: Part 2: Default mode network -preliminary evidence. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112770. [PMID: 32004893 PMCID: PMC7046150 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are one of the most distressing symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and are often resistant to medication. Imaging studies of individuals with SZ show hyperactivation of the default mode network (DMN) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Studies in SZ show DMN hyperconnectivity and reduced anticorrelation between DMN and the central executive network (CEN). DMN hyperconnectivity has been associated with positive symptoms such as AHs while reduced DMN anticorrelations with cognitive impairment. Using real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NFB) we trained SZ patients to modulate DMN and CEN networks. Meditation is effective in reducing AHs in SZ and to modulate brain network integration and increase DMN anticorrelations. Consequently, patients were provided with meditation strategies to enhance their abilities to modulate DMN/CEN. Results show a reduction of DMN hyperconnectivity and increase in DMNCEN anticorrelation. Furthermore, the change in individual DMN connectivity significantly correlated with reductions in AHs. This is the first time that meditation enhanced through rt-fMRI-NFB is used to reduce AHs in SZ. Moreover, it provides the first empirical evidence for a direct causal relation between meditation enhanced rt-fMRI-NFB modulation of DMNCEN activity and post-intervention modulation of resting state networks ensuing in reductions in frequency and severity of AHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens C. C. Bauer
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02139, USA,Please address correspondence to Clemens Bauer, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 43 Vassar St. 46-4037C Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Telephone: +1 (617) 324 5124,
| | - Kana Okano
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Satrajit S. Gosh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yoon Ji Lee
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helena Melero
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02139, USA,Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (LAIMBIO), Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo de los Angeles
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul G. Nestor
- Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115, USA,Boston VA Healthcare System. Boston, MA 02130, USA,University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115, USA,Boston VA Healthcare System. Boston, MA 02130, USA,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret A. Niznikiewicz
- Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115, USA,Boston VA Healthcare System. Boston, MA 02130, USA,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Neurofeedback of core language network nodes modulates connectivity with the default-mode network: A double-blind fMRI neurofeedback study on auditory verbal hallucinations. Neuroimage 2019; 189:533-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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Orban P, Dansereau C, Desbois L, Mongeau-Pérusse V, Giguère CÉ, Nguyen H, Mendrek A, Stip E, Bellec P. Multisite generalizability of schizophrenia diagnosis classification based on functional brain connectivity. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:167-171. [PMID: 28601499 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to assess the generalizability, across sites and cognitive contexts, of schizophrenia classification based on functional brain connectivity. We tested different training-test scenarios combining fMRI data from 191 schizophrenia patients and 191 matched healthy controls obtained at 6 scanning sites and under different task conditions. Diagnosis classification accuracy generalized well to a novel site and cognitive context provided data from multiple sites were used for classifier training. By contrast, lower classification accuracy was achieved when data from a single distinct site was used for training. These findings indicate that it is beneficial to use multisite data to train fMRI-based classifiers intended for large-scale use in the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Orban
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Christian Dansereau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence Desbois
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Violaine Mongeau-Pérusse
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguère
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hien Nguyen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Adrianna Mendrek
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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12
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A neuroimaging study of emotion-cognition interaction in schizophrenia: the effect of ziprasidone treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1045-1058. [PMID: 28210783 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural brain changes associated with the cognitive processing of emotional visual stimuli were assessed in schizophrenic patients after 16 weeks of antipsychotic treatment with ziprasidone. Forty-five adults aged 18 to 40 were recruited: 15 schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV criteria) treated with ziprasidone (mean daily dose = 120 mg), 15 patients treated with other antipsychotics, and 15 healthy controls who did not receive any medication. Functional and structural neuroimaging data were acquired at baseline and 16 weeks after treatment initiation. In each session, participants selected stimuli, taken from standardized sets, based on their emotional valence. After ziprasidone treatment, several prefrontal regions, typically involved in cognitive control (anterior cingulate and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices), were significantly activated in patients in response to positive versus negative stimuli. This effect was greater whenever they had to select negative compared to positive stimuli, indicating an asymmetric effect of cognitive treatment of emotionally laden information. No such changes were observed for patients under other antipsychotics. In addition, there was an increase in the brain volume commonly recruited by healthy controls and patients under ziprasidone, in response to cognitive processing of emotional information. The structural analysis showed no significant changes in the density of gray and white matter in ziprasidone-treated patients compared to patients receiving other antipsychotic treatments. Our results suggest that functional changes in brain activity after ziprasidone medication precede structural and clinical manifestations, as markers that the treatment is efficient in restoring the functionality of prefrontal circuits involved in processing emotionally laden information in schizophrenia.
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