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Lee JH, Kim SH. Functional and morphological maturation of the full-sized and mini-pig corpus luteum by programmed cell death mechanism. J Vet Res 2023; 67:307-314. [PMID: 38143820 PMCID: PMC10740324 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The formation and function of the corpus luteum (CL) increase the likelihood of pregnancy and efficiently manage implantation. Apoptosis must occur at an appropriate time in the formation of the CL. This also affects its function. However, it is still unclear if the type of apoptosis affects the function. Material and Methods We conducted morphological analysis of the CL collected on day 15 between the middle and late oestrous phases of Yorkshire pigs and mini-pigs, and measured the difference in hormone expression and apoptosis using an immunoassay method and messenger RNA level. Results The CL cells were more uniform in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, and the composition of the CL was also fuller. The expression of luteinising hormone was higher in the Yorkshire pigs. Apoptosis and the rate of action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were different between the two pig types. Expression of MMPs was higher in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs. However, the expression of caspase 3 and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a progesterone inhibitor, was potentiated in the mini-pigs. Conclusion Autophagy throughout the CL was more extensive in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, suggesting that autophagy and cell reorganisation by MMPs were highly correlated. The occurrence of autophagy in the formation and function of the CL may affect the action of hormones and expression of cell reconstitution factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Institute of Applied Humanimal Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Kim
- Institute of Applied Humanimal Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do, 17579, Republic of Korea
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do, 17579, Republic of Korea
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Dhadhal S, Nampoothiri L. Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an "in vivo" study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:165. [PMID: 36476384 PMCID: PMC9727897 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion/early pregnancy loss and pups delivered to PCOS animals were abnormal. Currently, assisted reproductive technology has been used to help numerous infertile couples to have their babies. However, there is a low implantation rate after the transfer of embryos. Till now, it could not be concluded whether the reduced pregnancy rates observed were due to abnormal embryos or endometrial modification. Further, transgenic mouse models have been used to find out the molecular deficits behind early pregnancy complications. But, the deletion of crucial genes could lead to systemic deficiencies/embryonic lethality. Also, pregnancy is a complex process with overlapping expression patterns making it challenging to mimic their stage-specific role. Therefore, the motive of the current study was to investigate the probable molecular cascade to decipher the early pregnancy loss in the letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model. METHODS PCOS was induced in mice by oral administration of letrozole daily for 21 days. Following, the pregnancy was established and animals were sacrificed on the day 6th of pregnancy. Animals were assessed for early pregnancy loss, hormonal profile, mRNA expression of steroid receptors (Ar, Pr, Esr1/2), decidualization markers (Hox10/11a), adhesion markers (Itgavb3, Itga4b1), matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitor (Mmp2/9, Timp1/2) and key mediators of LIF/STAT pathway (Lif, Lifr, gp130, stat3) were analyzed in the embryo implanted region of the uterus. Morphological changes in ovaries and implanted regions of the uterus were assessed. RESULTS Mice treated with letrozole demonstrated significant increases in testosterone levels along with a decline in progesterone levels as compared to control animals. PCOS animals also exhibited decreased fertility index and disrupted ovarian and embryo-containing uterus histopathology. Altered gene expression of the steroid receptors and reduced expression of Hox10a, integrins, Mmp9, Timp1/3, Gp130 & Stat3 was observed in the implanted region of the uterus of PCOS animals. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that majority of the molecular markers alteration in the establishment of early pregnancy could be due to the aberrant progesterone signaling in the embryonic-uterine tissue of PCOS animals, which further translates into poor fetal outcomes as observed in the current study and in several IVF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Dhadhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Laxmipriya Nampoothiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Naigaonkar A, Patil K, Joseph S, Hinduja I, Mukherjee S. Ovarian granulosa cells from women with PCOS express low levels of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and co-factors. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:547-555. [PMID: 35477803 PMCID: PMC9045021 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is global pandemic with more than 5 million deaths so far. Female reproductive tract organs express coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs), suggesting they may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the susceptibility of ovary/follicle/oocyte to the same is still elusive. Co-morbidities like obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc. increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These features are common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), warranting further scope to study SCARFs expression in ovary of these women. Materials and methods SCARFs expression in ovary and ovarian tissues of women with PCOS and healthy women was explored by analyzing publically available microarray datasets. Transcript expressions of SCARFs were investigated in mural and cumulus granulosa cells (MGCs and CGCs) from control and PCOS women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results Microarray data revealed that ovary expresses all genes necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infection. PCOS women mostly showed down-regulated/unchanged levels of SCARFs. MGCs and CGCs from PCOS women showed lower expression of receptors ACE2, BSG and DPP4 and protease CTSB than in controls. MGCs showed lower expression of protease CTSL in PCOS than in controls. Expression of TMPRSS2 was not detected in both cell types. Conclusion Human ovarian follicle may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lower expression of SCARFs in PCOS indicates that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the ovary may be lesser in these women than controls. This knowledge may help in safe practices at IVF settings in the current pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00404-022-06567-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalaap Naigaonkar
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Krutika Patil
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Shaini Joseph
- Genetic Research Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Indira Hinduja
- P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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Ding H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhang S, Chen X, Liang W, Xie Q. Resistance to the Insulin and Elevated Level of Androgen: A Major Cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:741764. [PMID: 34745009 PMCID: PMC8564180 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.741764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS has a wide range of negative impacts on women's health and is one of the most frequent reproductive systemic endocrine disorders. PCOS has complex characteristics and symptom heterogeneity due to the several pathways that are involved in the infection and the absence of a comm14on cause. A recent study has shown that the main etiology and endocrine aspects of PCOS are the increased level of androgen, which is also known as "hyperandrogenemia (HA)" and secondly the "insulin resistance (IR)". The major underlying cause of the polycystic ovary is these two IR and HA, by initiating the disease and its severity or duration. As a consequence, study on Pathogenesis is crucial to understand the effect of "HA" and "IR" on the pathophysiology of numerous symptoms linked to PCOS. A deep understanding of the pattern of the growth in PCOS for HA and IR can help ameliorate the condition, along with adjustments in nutrition and life, as well as the discovery of new medicinal products. However, further research is required to clarify the mutual role of IR and HA on PCOS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiong Xie, ; Wenqing Liang,
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiong Xie, ; Wenqing Liang,
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de Moraes Salgado C, da Silva Miyaguti NA, de Oliveira SCP, Favero-Santos BC, Viana LR, de Moraes Santos Oliveira M, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Cancer during pregnancy. Maternal, placenta, and fetal damage. Nutrition, antioxidant defenses, and adult offspring tumor-bearing. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Is there a Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Immunologic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6672865. [PMID: 33426092 PMCID: PMC7781684 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6672865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) commonly refers to three or more miscarriages that occur before 20 weeks of pregnancy. The immunological cause of RPL could be either an auto- or alloimmune-related event or both. Because of the discovery of immunological abnormalities in RPL patients in clinical practice, several immunomodulatory therapies were introduced to maintain the immune balance at the maternal-fetal interface. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is one of the immunomodulators. In recent years, several studies have analyzed the therapeutic effect of IVIg on RPL patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or unexplained RPL. However, their results are controversial. IVIg can be used in RPL patients with APS who have previously failed in other treatments. It is recommended that IVIg infusion could be considered used before conception in RPL patients who have cellular immune abnormalities such as increased natural killer (NK) cell counts, NK cell cytotoxicity, or increased T helper (Th)1/Th2 ratio, depending on the cut-off values of each hospital. The aim of this review was to summarize the mechanisms, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and side effects associated with passive immunization using IVIg in immunologic RPL, according to the literature published in recent years. We hope that more obstetricians will be able to understand the timing and indication of IVIg properly in immunologic RPL patients and effectively enhance pregnancy outcomes for mothers and neonates.
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Zarei R, Aboutorabi R, Rashidi B, Eskandari N, Nikpour P. Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor A and leukemia inhibitory factor expressions at the time of implantation in diabetic rats following treatment with Metformin and Pioglitazone. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:713-722. [PMID: 33062917 PMCID: PMC7521161 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i9.7666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implantation requires intimate crosstalk between the embryo and uterus for a successful establishment of pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus may lead to implantation failure. The effect of diabetes and its therapeutic drugs on implantation is still largely unclear. Objective To assess the endometrial expression changes of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), at the time of implantation in diabetic rats following treatment with Metformin and Pioglitazone. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight 6-8-wk-old Wistar female rats weighing 200-250 gr were divided into four groups (n = 7/each). Type 2 diabetes was induced and Metformin and Pioglitazone were applied for 4 wk. The expression of VEGFA and LIF was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results The relative expression of VEGFA transcript was higher in the diabetic (p = 0.02) and Metformin-treated (p = 0.04) rats compared to the control group. Furthermore, the VEGFA transcript level significantly reduced in Pioglitazone-treated diabetic rats (p = 0.03). LIF expression was elevated in the Metformin- and the Pioglitazone-treated rats and reduced in the diabetic group in comparison with the control group. Compared to the diabetic rats, the expression of LIF was significantly elevated in the Metformin- (p = 0.01) and Pioglitazone-treated (p = 0.03) groups. Conclusion The expressions of LIF and VEGFA were altered in diabetic rats during implantation which may be associated with diabetic-related infertility. Pioglitazone is able to restore the VEGFA and LIF expressions to their baseline levels more efficiently than Metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Aboutorabi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Zhu X, Wu S, Zeng W, Chen X, Zheng T, Ren J, Ke M. Protective Effects of Rapamycin on Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glucocorticoid-Induced Glaucoma Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1006. [PMID: 32714192 PMCID: PMC7344368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma (GIG) is a chronic optic neuropathy caused by systemic or topical glucocorticoid (GC) treatment, which could eventually lead to permanent vision loss. To investigate the protective effects of rapamycin (RAP) on the trabecular cells during the development of GIG in mice, the effects of RAP on intraocular pressure (IOP), trabecular ultrastructure, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were examined in C57BL/6J female mice treated with dexamethasone acetate (Dex-Ace). The expression of α-actin in trabecular tissue was detected by immunofluorescence, and the autophagic activity of trabecular cells and the expression of GIG-related myocilin and α-actin were detected by immunoblotting. Our results indicated that Dex-Ace significantly increased IOP at the end of the third week (p < 0.05), while RAP treatment neutralized this elevation of IOP by Dex-Ace. Dex-Ace treatment significantly decreased the RGC numbers (p < 0.05), while synchronous RAP treatment kept the number comparable to control. The outer sheath of elastic fibers became thicker and denser, and the mitochondria of lesions increased in Dex-Ace-treated groups at 4 weeks, while no significant change was observed in the RAP-treated trabecular tissues. Dex-Ace induced myocilin, α-actin, Beclin-1, and LC3-II/LC-I ratio, and lowered p62, while synchronous RAP treatment further activated autophagy and neutralized the induction of myocilin and α-actin. Our studies suggested that RAP protected trabecular meshwork cells by further inducing autophagy way from damages of GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yi S, Zheng B, Zhu Y, Cai Y, Sun H, Zhou J. Melatonin ameliorates excessive PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy by enhancing SIRT1 expression in granulosa cells of PCOS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E91-E101. [PMID: 32343612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00006.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury in granulosa cells is associated with the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the protective effects of melatonin against mitochondrial injury in the granulosa cells of PCOS remain unclear. In this study, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mtDNA content, increased number of autophagosomes were found in the granulosa cells of PCOS patients and the dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated KGN cells, with decreased protein level of the autophagy substrate p62 and increased levels of the cellular autophagy markers Beclin 1 and LC3B-II, while the protein levels of PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) and Parkin were increased and the level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was decreased. DHT-induced PCOS-like mice also showed enhanced mitophagy and decreased SIRT1 mRNA expression. Melatonin treatment significantly increased the protein level of SIRT1 and decreased the levels of PINK1/Parkin, whereas it ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction and PCOS phenotype in vitro and in vivo. However, when the KGN cells were treated with SIRT1 siRNA to knock down SIRT1 expression, melatonin treatment failed to repress the excessive mitophagy. In conclusion, melatonin protects against mitochondrial injury in granulosa cells of PCOS by enhancing SIRT1 expression to inhibit excessive PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanling Yi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunni Cai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Qin Y, Tang T, Li W, Liu Z, Yang X, Shi X, Sun G, Liu X, Wang M, Liang X, Cong P, Mo D, Liu X, Chen Y, He Z. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Knockdown Inhibits Porcine Ovarian Follicular Development and Ovulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:286. [PMID: 31803742 PMCID: PMC6877722 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is strongly associated with animal reproduction and woman reproductive disease. As a multifunctional oocyte-specific secret factor, BMP15 controls female fertility and follicular development in both species-specific and dosage-sensitive manners. Previous studies found that BMP15 played a critical role in follicular development and ovulation rate in mono-ovulatory mammalian species, especially in sheep and human, but study on knockout mouse model implied that BMP15 possibly has minimal impact on female fertility of poly-ovulatory species. However, this needs to be validated in other poly-ovulatory species. To investigate the regulatory role of BMP15 on porcine female fertility, we generated a BMP15-knockdown pig model through somatic nuclear transfer technology. The BMP15-knockdown gilts showed markedly reduced fertility accompanied by phenotype of dysplastic ovaries containing significantly declined number of follicles, increased number of abnormal follicles, and abnormally enlarged antral follicles resulting in disordered ovulation, which is remarkably different from the unchanged fertility observed in BMP15 knockout mice. Molecular and transcriptome analysis revealed that the knockdown of BMP15 significantly affected both granulosa cells (GCs) and oocytes development, including suppression of cell proliferation, differentiation, and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (Fshr) expression, leading to premature luteinization and reduced estradiol (E2) production in GCs, and simultaneously decreased quality and meiotic maturation of oocyte. Our results provide in vivo evidence of the essential role of BMP15 in porcine ovarian and follicular development, and new insight into the complicated regulatory function of BMP15 in female fertility of poly-ovulatory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang J, Wu D, Guo H, Li M. Hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance: The chief culprit of polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2019; 236:116940. [PMID: 31604107 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common systemic reproductive endocrine diseases, which has a variety of effects on a woman's health. Because of the involvement of multiple pathways and the lack of common clues, PCOS demonstrates multifactorial properties and heterogeneity of symptoms. Recent studies have demonstrated that the core etiology and primary endocrine characteristics of PCOS are hyperandrogenemia (HA) and insulin resistance (IR). HA and IR are the main causes of PCOS and they can interplay each other in the occurrence and development of PCOS. Just because of this, the study about the effects of HA and IR on pathophysiology of various related symptoms of PCOS is very important to understand the pathogenesis of PCOS. This paper reviews the main symptoms of PCOS, including neuroendocrine disorders, reproductive processes, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and sleep disordered breathing, which seriously affect the physical and mental health of PCOS women. The increasing knowledge of the development pattern of HA and IR in PCOS suggests that changes in diet and lifestyle, and the discovery of potential therapeutic agents may improve PCOS. However, further studies are needed to clarify the mutual influence and relation of HA and IR in development of PCOS. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the effects of HA and IR on PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Daichao Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Meixiang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Wang LP, Peng XY, Lv XQ, Liu L, Li XL, He X, Lv F, Pan Y, Wang L, Liu KF, Zhang XM. High throughput circRNAs sequencing profile of follicle fluid exosomes of polycystic ovary syndrome patients. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15537-15547. [PMID: 30779115 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent reproductive disorders in women worldwide. Despite rigorous research, the exact molecular mechanism that governs PCOS pathogenesis remains unclear. To investigate the potential roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs), this study sequenced ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA from exosomes of follicle fluids obtained from PCOS patients using non-PCOS samples as controls. Bioinformatic analysis identified 167 upregulated and 245 downregulated circRNAs from a total of 16,771 detected candidates. Functional analysis suggests that pathways related to bacterial infection, associated chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress could be targeted by the differential circRNAs in PCOS patients. The obtained sequencing results were further validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and a circRNA-microRNA interaction network was constructed. The obtained results provide a valuable addition to the published studies on the mechanism of PCOS pathogenesis by revealing a wide variety of new circRNAs, miRNA, and gene targets that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Biobank, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Peng
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lv
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Li Li
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao He
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai-Feng Liu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Ramly B, Afiqah-Aleng N, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis Reveals Several Diseases Highly Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2959. [PMID: 31216618 PMCID: PMC6627153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on clinical observations, women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are prone to developing several other diseases, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular association between PCOS and these diseases remains poorly understood. Recent studies showed that the information from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis are useful in understanding the disease association in detail. This study utilized this approach to deepen the knowledge on the association between PCOS and other diseases. A PPI network for PCOS was constructed using PCOS-related proteins (PCOSrp) obtained from PCOSBase. MCODE was used to identify highly connected regions in the PCOS network, known as subnetworks. These subnetworks represent protein families, where their molecular information is used to explain the association between PCOS and other diseases. Fisher's exact test and comorbidity data were used to identify PCOS-disease subnetworks. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the PCOS-disease subnetworks to identify significant pathways that are highly involved in the PCOS-disease associations. Migraine, schizophrenia, depressive disorder, obesity, and hypertension, along with twelve other diseases, were identified to be highly associated with PCOS. The identification of significant pathways, such as ribosome biogenesis, antigen processing and presentation, and mitophagy, suggest their involvement in the association between PCOS and migraine, schizophrenia, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balqis Ramly
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Afiqah-Aleng
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Centre for Frontier Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
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14
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Zhao C, Yang C, Wai STC, Zhang Y, P. Portillo M, Paoli P, Wu Y, San Cheang W, Liu B, Carpéné C, Xiao J, Cao H. Regulation of glucose metabolism by bioactive phytochemicals for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:830-847. [PMID: 30501400 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1501658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sydney Tang Chi Wai
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria P. Portillo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yijing Wu
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1048)/Université Paul Sabatier, Bât. L4, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Ren J. Autophagy as an emerging target in cardiorenal metabolic disease: From pathophysiology to management. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:1-22. [PMID: 29909238 PMCID: PMC6195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical technology and health care have improved the early diagnosis and management for cardiorenal metabolic disorders, the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease remains high. Findings from numerous population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental evidence have consolidated a number of theories for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal metabolic anomalies including resistance to the metabolic action of insulin, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested a pivotal role for proteotoxicity, the unfavorable effects of poor protein quality control, in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysregulation and related cardiovascular complications. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, two major although distinct cellular clearance machineries, govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. Ample evidence has depicted an important role for protein quality control, particularly autophagy, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. To this end, autophagy offers promising targets for novel strategies to prevent and treat cardiorenal metabolic diseases. Targeting autophagy using pharmacological or natural agents exhibits exciting new strategies for the growing problem of cardiorenal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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16
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Grzesiak M, Michalik A, Rak A, Knapczyk-Stwora K, Pieczonka A. The expression of autophagy-related proteins within the corpus luteum lifespan in pigs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 64:9-16. [PMID: 29698908 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that involves the degradation of intracellular components. Recent studies suggested a role for autophagy in corpus luteum (CL) regression; however, a complete understanding of its contribution to CL function remains unclear. The present research using porcine CLs obtained from gilts at the early (CL1, n = 5), middle (CL2, n = 5), and late (CL3, n = 5) luteal phase of the estrous cycle aimed to assess the incidence of autophagy during CL development. The stages of collected CLs were verified through morphological analysis and intraluteal progesterone concentration. The presence of autophagosomes was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of autophagic markers was examined at mRNA (BECN1 and Lamp1) and protein (Beclin 1, LC3-II, and Lamp 1) levels. Lamp 1 immunolocalization was also performed in luteal tissue. Double-membrane autophagosomes and autophagy-related proteins were found in all examined CLs. Interestingly, there was a greater expression of Beclin 1 (P = 0.005 and P = 0.025) and Lamp 1 (P = 0.009 and P = 0.032) protein in CL3 as compared with CL1 and CL2. In addition, the presence of autolysosomes in CL3 indicated advanced autophagy at that developmental stage. Overall, the occurrence of autophagy throughout CL development and regression suggests it has a role in the regulation of CL lifespan in pigs. In the early and mature CL, autophagy is proposed to promote luteal formation and function, whereas in the late CL, it may participate in luteal regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grzesiak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Michalik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - K Knapczyk-Stwora
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Pieczonka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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17
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Abstract
Obesity poses a severe threat to human health, including the increased prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cancer, inflammation, sleep apnoea and other chronic diseases. Current therapies focus mainly on suppressing caloric intake, but the efficacy of this approach remains poor. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity will be essential for the management of obesity and its complications. Knowledge gained over the past three decades regarding the aetiological mechanisms underpinning obesity has provided a framework that emphasizes energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, which are tightly regulated by autophagy. Accordingly, there is an emerging interest in the role of autophagy, a conserved homeostatic process for cellular quality control through the disposal and recycling of cellular components, in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organ function by selectively ridding cells of potentially toxic proteins, lipids and organelles. Indeed, defects in autophagy homeostasis are implicated in metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In this Review, the alterations in autophagy that occur in response to nutrient stress, and how these changes alter the course of obesogenesis and obesity-related complications, are discussed. The potential of pharmacological modulation of autophagy for the management of obesity is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
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