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Tahmasebi F, Asl ER, Vahidinia Z, Faghihi F, Barati S. The comparative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and supernatant transplantation on demyelination and inflammation in cuprizone model. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:674. [PMID: 38787497 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammation and immune dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We compared the remyelination and immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their conditioned medium (CM) in the cuprizone model. METHODS Twenty-four C57BL/ 6 mice were divided into four groups. After cuprizone demyelination, MSCs and their CM were injected into the right lateral ventricle of mice. The expression level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and BDNF genes was evaluated using the qRT-PCR. APC antibody was used to assess the oligodendrocyte population using the immunofluorescent method. The remyelination and axonal repair were studied by specific staining of the LFB and electron microscopy techniques. RESULTS Transplantation of MSCs and CM increased the expression of the BDNF gene and decreased the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α genes compared to the cuprizone group, and these effects in the cell group were more than CM. Furthermore, cell transplantation resulted in a significant improvement in myelination and axonal repair, which was measured by luxol fast blue and transmission electron microscope images. The cell group had a higher number of oligodendrocytes than other groups. CONCLUSIONS According to the findings, injecting MSCs intraventricularly versus cell-conditioned medium can be a more effective approach to improving chronic demyelination in degenerative diseases like MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pad Nahad Tabiat Company, Ltd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
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Xu T, Liu C, Deng S, Gan L, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Tian H, Tang Y. The roles of microglia and astrocytes in myelin phagocytosis in the central nervous system. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:325-340. [PMID: 36324281 PMCID: PMC9941857 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221137762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is an important process in the central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocytes (OLs) extend multiple layers to densely sheath on axons, composing the myelin to achieve efficient electrical signal conduction. The myelination during developmental stage maintains a balanced state. However, numerous CNS diseases including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases cause demyelination and disrupt the homeostasis, resulting in inflammation and white matter deficits. Effective clearance of myelin debris is needed in the region of demyelination, which is a key step for remyelination and tissue regeneration. Microglia and astrocytes are the major resident phagocytic cells in the brain, which may play different or collaborative roles in myelination. Microglia and astrocytes participate in developmental myelination through engulfing excessive unneeded myelin. They are also involved in the clearance of degenerated myelin debris for accelerating remyelination, or engulfing healthy myelin sheath for inhibiting remyelination. This review focuses on the roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosing myelin in the developmental brain and diseased brain. In addition, the interaction between microglia and astrocytes to mediate myelin engulfment is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Hengli Tian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
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Marín-Prida J, Pavón-Fuentes N, Lagumersindez-Denis N, Camacho-Rodríguez H, García-Soca AM, Sarduy-Chávez RDLC, Vieira ÉLM, Carvalho-Tavares J, Falcón-Cama V, Fernández-Massó JR, Hernández-González I, Martínez-Donato G, Guillén-Nieto G, Pentón-Arias E, Teixeira MM, Pentón-Rol G. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms and pharmacological actions of phycocyanobilin in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A therapeutic promise for multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1036200. [PMID: 36405721 PMCID: PMC9669316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines, demyelination and neuroaxonal degeneration in the central nervous system are pivotal elements implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its nonclinical model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Phycocyanobilin (PCB), a chromophore of the biliprotein C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis, has antioxidant, immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in this disease, and it could complement the effect of other Disease Modifying Treatments (DMT), such as Interferon-β (IFN-β). Here, our main goal was to evaluate the potential PCB benefits and its mechanisms of action to counteract the chronic EAE in mice. MOG35-55-induced EAE was implemented in C57BL/6 female mice. Clinical signs, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels by ELISA, qPCR in the brain and immunohistochemistry using precursor/mature oligodendrocytes cells antibodies in the spinal cord, were assessed. PCB enhanced the neurological condition, and waned the brain concentrations of IL-17A and IL-6, pro-inflammatory cytokines, in a dose-dependent manner. A down- or up-regulating activity of PCB at 1 mg/kg was identified in the brain on three (LINGO1, NOTCH1, and TNF-α), and five genes (MAL, CXCL12, MOG, OLIG1, and NKX2-2), respectively. Interestingly, a reduction of demyelination, active microglia/macrophages density, and axonal damage was detected along with an increase in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature oligodendrocytes, when assessed the spinal cords of EAE mice that took up PCB. The studies in vitro in rodent encephalitogenic T cells and in vivo in the EAE mouse model with the PCB/IFN-β combination, showed an enhanced positive effect of this combined therapy. Overall, these results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity and the protective properties of PCB on the myelin and support its use with IFN-β as an improved DMT combination for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nancy Pavón-Fuentes
- Immunochemical Department, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Ana Margarita García-Soca
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Translational Psychoneuroimmunology Group, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Carvalho-Tavares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Viviana Falcón-Cama
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Gillian Martínez-Donato
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén-Nieto
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Pentón-Arias
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Giselle Pentón-Rol,
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4
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Matrine inhibits the Wnt3a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 367:577876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Scalabrino G. Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040815. [PMID: 35453565 PMCID: PMC9026986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic and controversial. Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and allow saltatory nerve conduction. MS brings about the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (ODCs). The conundrum of remyelination failure is, therefore, crucial in MS. In this review, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in CNS myelinogenesis are briefly summarized. Thereafter, some findings of other authors and ourselves on MS and MS-like models are recapitulated, because they have shown that: (a) EGF is significantly decreased in the CNS of living or deceased MS patients; (b) its repeated administration to mice in various MS-models prevents demyelination and inflammatory reaction; (c) as was the case for EGF, normal prion levels are decreased in the MS CNS, with a strong correspondence between liquid and tissue levels; and (d) MS cobalamin levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, but decreased in the spinal cord. In fact, no remyelination can occur in MS if these molecules (essential for any form of CNS myelination) are lacking. Lastly, other non-immunological MS abnormalities are reviewed. Together, these results have led to a critical reassessment of MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF has little or no role in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Zou S, Hu B. In vivo imaging reveals mature Oligodendrocyte division in adult Zebrafish. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:16. [PMID: 34075520 PMCID: PMC8169745 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whether mature oligodendrocytes (mOLs) participate in remyelination has been disputed for several decades. Recently, some studies have shown that mOLs participate in remyelination by producing new sheaths. However, whether mOLs can produce new oligodendrocytes by asymmetric division has not been proven. Zebrafish is a perfect model to research remyelination compared to other species. In this study, optic nerve crushing did not induce local mOLs death. After optic nerve transplantation from olig2:eGFP fish to AB/WT fish, olig2+ cells from the donor settled and rewrapped axons in the recipient. After identifying these rewrapping olig2+ cells as mOLs at 3 months posttransplantation, in vivo imaging showed that olig2+ cells proliferated. Additionally, in vivo imaging of new olig2+ cell division from mOLs was also captured within the retina. Finally, fine visual function was renewed after the remyelination program was completed. In conclusion, our in vivo imaging results showed that new olig2+ cells were born from mOLs by asymmetric division in adult zebrafish, which highlights the role of mOLs in the progression of remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqi Zou
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
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7
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Promotion of microglial phagocytosis by tuftsin stimulates remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5190-5196. [PMID: 31702807 PMCID: PMC6854533 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia were once thought to serve a pathogenic role in demyelinating diseases, particularly in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it has recently been shown that in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, microglia could serve a protective role by promoting remyelination via the efficient removal of apoptotic cells, the phagocytosis of debris and the support of myelinating oligodendrocytes. The aim of the present study was to determine if the effect of microglia could promote the recovery of EAE and attenuate symptoms in EAE. The severity of EAE was assessed by clinical scores, pathologic changes revealed by luxol fast blue staining and immunohistochemical techniques. The results suggested that microglia reduced clinical scores in mice, suppressed ongoing severe EAE and promoted remyelination and recovery in EAE mice. In addition, following induction with tuftsin, the M1/M2 cytokine balance was shifted, downregulating the proinflammatory M1 response and upregulating the anti-inflammatory M2 response. Generally, microglia can stimulate remyelination, which serves a protective role in different phases of EAE and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MS.
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8
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Bezine M, Maatoug S, Ben Khalifa R, Debbabi M, Zarrouk A, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ, Nury T, Samadi M, Vejux A, de Sèze J, Moreau T, Kharrat R, El Ayeb M, Lizard G. Modulation of Kv3.1b potassium channel level and intracellular potassium concentration in 158N murine oligodendrocytes and BV-2 murine microglial cells treated with 7-ketocholesterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol or tetracosanoic acid (C24:0). Biochimie 2018; 153:56-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Minor KM, Letko A, Becker D, Drögemüller M, Mandigers PJJ, Bellekom SR, Leegwater PAJ, Stassen QEM, Putschbach K, Fischer A, Flegel T, Matiasek K, Ekenstedt KJ, Furrow E, Patterson EE, Platt SR, Kelly PA, Cassidy JP, Shelton GD, Lucot K, Bannasch DL, Martineau H, Muir CF, Priestnall SL, Henke D, Oevermann A, Jagannathan V, Mickelson JR, Drögemüller C. Canine NAPEPLD-associated models of human myelin disorders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5818. [PMID: 29643404 PMCID: PMC5895582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leukoencephalomyelopathy (LEMP) is a juvenile-onset neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS white matter currently described in Rottweiler and Leonberger dogs. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) allowed us to map LEMP in a Leonberger cohort to dog chromosome 18. Subsequent whole genome re-sequencing of a Leonberger case enabled the identification of a single private homozygous non-synonymous missense variant located in the highly conserved metallo-beta-lactamase domain of the N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPEPLD) gene, encoding an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system. We then sequenced this gene in LEMP-affected Rottweilers and identified a different frameshift variant, which is predicted to replace the C-terminal metallo-beta-lactamase domain of the wild type protein. Haplotype analysis of SNP array genotypes revealed that the frameshift variant was present in diverse haplotypes in Rottweilers, and also in Great Danes, indicating an old origin of this second NAPEPLD variant. The identification of different NAPEPLD variants in dog breeds affected by leukoencephalopathies with heterogeneous pathological features, implicates the NAPEPLD enzyme as important in myelin homeostasis, and suggests a novel candidate gene for myelination disorders in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Minor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - A Letko
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - D Becker
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - M Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - P J J Mandigers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - S R Bellekom
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - P A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - Q E M Stassen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - K Putschbach
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - A Fischer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - T Flegel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - K Matiasek
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - K J Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - E Furrow
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - E E Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - S R Platt
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - P A Kelly
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - J P Cassidy
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - G D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - K Lucot
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - D L Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - H Martineau
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - C F Muir
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Henke
- Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - V Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - J R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - C Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.
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Low, but not high, dose triptolide controls neuroinflammation and improves behavioral deficits in toxic model of multiple sclerosis by dampening of NF-κB activation and acceleration of intrinsic myelin repair. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 342:86-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Chen Y, Zhen W, Guo T, Zhao Y, Liu A, Rubio JP, Krull D, Richardson JC, Lu H, Wang R. Histamine Receptor 3 negatively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189380. [PMID: 29253893 PMCID: PMC5734789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agents promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation have the potential to restore halted and/or delayed remyelination in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, few therapeutic targets have been identified. The objective of this study was to identify novel targets for promotion of remyelination and characterize their activity in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A high-content screening assay with differentiation of primary rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells was used to screen GSK-proprietary annotated libraries for remyelination-promoting compounds. Compounds were further validated in vitro and in vivo models; clinical relevance of target was confirmed in human post-mortem brain sections from patients with MS. RESULTS Of ~1000 compounds screened, 36 promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner; seven were histamine receptor-3 (H3R) antagonists. Inverse agonists of H3R but not neutral antagonists promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation. H3R was expressed throughout OPC differentiation; H3R expression was transiently upregulated on Days 3-5 and subsequently downregulated. H3R gene knockdown in OPCs increased the expression of differentiation markers and the number of mature oligodendrocytes. Overexpression of full-length H3R reduced differentiation marker expression and the number of mature cells. H3R inverse agonist GSK247246 reduced intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and downstream cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Histone deacetylase (HDAC-1) and Hes-5 were identified as key downstream targets of H3R during OPC differentiation. In the mouse cuprizone/rapamycin model of demyelination, systemic administration of brain-penetrable GSK247246 enhanced remyelination and subsequently protected axons. Finally, we detected high H3R expression in oligodendroglial cells from demyelination lesions in human samples of patients with MS, and validated a genetic association between an exonic single nucleotide polymorphism in HRH3 and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS From phenotypic screening to human genetics, we provide evidence for H3R as a novel therapeutic target to promote remyelination in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Neuro-immunology Discovery Performance Unit, GSK, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhen
- RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, Shanghai, China
| | - Tony Guo
- RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Genetics, Projects Clinical Platforms & Sciences, GSK, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Ailian Liu
- RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, Shanghai, China
| | - Justin P. Rubio
- Genetics, Projects Clinical Platforms & Sciences, GSK, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - David Krull
- Pathology, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Jill C. Richardson
- Neuroinflammation DPU, Neurosciences TAU, GSK, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Hongtao Lu
- Neuro-immunology Discovery Performance Unit, GSK, Shanghai, China
| | - Ryan Wang
- Neuro-immunology Discovery Performance Unit, GSK, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Sanadgol N, Golab F, Tashakkor Z, Taki N, Moradi Kouchi S, Mostafaie A, Mehdizadeh M, Abdollahi M, Taghizadeh G, Sharifzadeh M. Neuroprotective effects of ellagic acid on cuprizone-induced acute demyelination through limitation of microgliosis, adjustment of CXCL12/IL-17/IL-11 axis and restriction of mature oligodendrocytes apoptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1679-1687. [PMID: 28447514 PMCID: PMC6130560 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1319867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenol antioxidant with various therapeutic activities. However, the efficacy of EA has not been examined in neuropathologic conditions. OBJECTIVE In vivo neuroprotective effects of EA on cuprizone (cup)-induced demyelination were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were fed with chow containing 0.2% cup for 4 weeks to induce oligodendrocytes (OLGs) depletion predominantly in the corpus callosum (CC). EA was administered at different doses (40 or 80 mg/kg body weight/day/i.p.) from the first day of cup diet. Oligodendrocytes apoptosis [TUNEL assay and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG+)/caspase-3+ cells), gliosis (H&E staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) and macrophage-3 (Mac-3+) cells) and inflammatory markers (interleukin 17 (IL-17), interleukin 11 (IL-11) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 α (SDF-1α) or CXCL12] during cup intoxication were examined. RESULTS High dose of EA (EA-80) increased mature oligodendrocytes population (MOG+ cells, p < 0.001), and decreased apoptosis (p < 0.05) compared with the cup mice. Treatment with both EA doses did not show any considerable effects on the expression of CXCL12, but significantly down-regulated the expression of IL-17 and up-regulated the expression of IL-11 in mRNA levels compared with the cup mice. Only treatment with EA-80 significantly decreased the population of active macrophage (MAC-3+ cells, p < 0.001) but not reactive astrocytes (GFAP+ cells) compared with the cup mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In this model, EA-80 effectively reduces lesions via reduction of neuroinflammation and toxic effects of cup on mature OLGs. EA is a suitable therapeutic agent for moderate brain damage in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zakiyeh Tashakkor
- MSc in Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Taki
- MSc in Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi Kouchi
- MSc in Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Yamazaki R, Baba H, Yamaguchi Y. Unconventional Myosin ID is Involved in Remyelination After Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:195-204. [PMID: 28986688 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin, which is a multilamellar structure that sheathes the axon, is essential for normal neuronal function. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs), which wrap their plasma membrane around axons. The dynamic membrane trafficking system, which relies on motor proteins, is required for myelin formation and maintenance. Previously, we reported that myosin ID (Myo1d) is distributed in rat CNS myelin and is especially enriched in the outer and inner cytoplasm-containing loops. Further, small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment highlighted the involvement of Myo1d in the formation and maintenance of myelin in cultured OLs. Myo1d is one of the unconventional myosins, which may contribute to membrane dynamics, either in the wrapping process or transport of myelin membrane proteins during myelination. However, the function of Myo1d in myelin formation in vivo remains unclear. In the current study, to clarify the function of Myo1d in vivo, we surgically injected siRNA in the corpus callosum of a cuprizone-treated demyelination mouse model via stereotaxy. Knockdown of Myo1d expression in vivo decreased the intensities of myelin basic protein and myelin proteolipid protein immunofluorescence staining. However, neural/glial antigen 2-positive signals and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC/CC1)-positive cell numbers were unchanged by siRNA treatment. Furthermore, Myo1d knockdown treatment increased pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes during remyelination. In contrast, anti-inflammatory microglia were decreased. The percentage of caspase 3-positive cells in total CC1-positive OLs were also increased by Myo1d knockdown. These results indicated that Myo1d plays an important role during the regeneration process after demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroko Baba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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14
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The Effect of Stereotactic Injections on Demyelination and Remyelination: a Study in the Cuprizone Model. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:479-488. [PMID: 28124770 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination is the natural repair mechanism in demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as multiple sclerosis. Several animal models have been used to study demyelination and remyelination. Among toxic animal models, oral administration of the toxin cuprizone leads to white and gray matter demyelination. In contrast, focal demyelination models include the stereotactic application of a toxin such as lysolecithin or ethidium bromide. The injection procedure generates a local disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and might thus trigger a local inflammatory reaction and consequently may influence demyelination and remyelination. In order to study such consequences, we applied stereotactic injections in the cuprizone model where demyelination and remyelination are mediated independent of this procedure. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the presence of lymphocytes and activated glial cells in the injection area. Blood protein stainings were used to assess the integrity of the BBB and myelin staining to evaluate demyelination and remyelination processes. Stereotactic injection led to a local disruption of the BBB as shown by local extravasation of blood proteins. Along the injection canal, T and B lymphocytes could be detected and there was a tendency of a higher microgliosis and astrocytosis. However, these changes did not influence demyelination and remyelination processes at the site of injection, in the corpus callosum, or in the cerebral cortex. Our results suggest that a local stereotactic injection has no major impact on CNS demyelination and remyelination.
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15
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Ichihara Y, Doi T, Ryu Y, Nagao M, Sawada Y, Ogata T. Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Directly Utilize Lactate for Promoting Cell Cycling and Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:986-995. [PMID: 27861886 PMCID: PMC5299506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) undergo marked morphological changes to become mature oligodendrocytes, but the metabolic resources for this process have not been fully elucidated. Although lactate, a metabolic derivative of glycogen, has been reported to be consumed in oligodendrocytes as a metabolite, and to ameliorate hypomyelination induced by low glucose conditions, it is not clear about the direct contribution of lactate to cell cycling and differentiation of OPCs, and the source of lactate for remyelination. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of 1,4‐dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐d‐arabinitol (DAB), an inhibitor of the glycogen catabolic enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, in a mouse cuprizone model. Cuprizone induced demyelination in the corpus callosum and remyelination occurred after cuprizone treatment ceased. This remyelination was inhibited by the administration of DAB. To further examine whether lactate affects proliferation or differentiation of OPCs, we cultured mouse primary OPC‐rich cells and analyzed the effect of lactate. Lactate rescued the slowed cell cycling induced by 0.4 mM glucose, as assessed by the BrdU‐positive cell ratio. Lactate also promoted OPC differentiation detected by monitoring the mature oligodendrocyte marker myelin basic protein, in the presence of both 36.6 mM and 0.4 mM glucose. Furthermore, these lactate‐mediated effects were suppressed by the reported monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor, α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy‐cinnamate. These results suggest that lactate directly promotes the cell cycling rate and differentiation of OPCs, and that glycogen, one of the sources of lactate, contributes to remyelination in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 986–995, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ichihara
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Doi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Youngjae Ryu
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoshi Nagao
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
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16
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Chamberlain KA, Nanescu SE, Psachoulia K, Huang JK. Oligodendrocyte regeneration: Its significance in myelin replacement and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:633-643. [PMID: 26474658 PMCID: PMC4841742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes readily regenerate and replace myelin membranes around axons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) following injury. The ability to regenerate oligodendrocytes depends on the availability of neural progenitors called oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the adult CNS that respond to injury-associated signals to induce OPC expansion followed by oligodendrocyte differentiation, axonal contact and myelin regeneration (remyelination). Remyelination ensures the maintenance of axonal conduction, and the oligodendrocytes themselves provide metabolic factors that are necessary to maintain neuronal integrity. Recent advances in oligodendrocyte regeneration research are beginning to shed light on critical intrinsic signals, as well as extrinsic, environmental factors that regulate the distinct steps of oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelin replacement under CNS injury. These studies may offer novel pharmacological targets for regenerative medicine in inflammatory demyelinating disorders in the CNS such as multiple sclerosis. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Chamberlain
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Sonia E Nanescu
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | - Jeffrey K Huang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA.
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17
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Chew LJ, DeBoy CA. Pharmacological approaches to intervention in hypomyelinating and demyelinating white matter pathology. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:605-625. [PMID: 26116759 PMCID: PMC4690794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
White matter disease afflicts both developing and mature central nervous systems. Both cell intrinsic and extrinsic dysregulation result in profound changes in cell survival, axonal metabolism and functional performance. Experimental models of developmental white matter (WM) injury and demyelination have not only delineated mechanisms of signaling and inflammation, but have also paved the way for the discovery of pharmacological approaches to intervention. These reagents have been shown to enhance protection of the mature oligodendrocyte cell, accelerate progenitor cell recruitment and/or differentiation, or attenuate pathological stimuli arising from the inflammatory response to injury. Here we highlight reports of studies in the CNS in which compounds, namely peptides, hormones, and small molecule agonists/antagonists, have been used in experimental animal models of demyelination and neonatal brain injury that affect aspects of excitotoxicity, oligodendrocyte development and survival, and progenitor cell function, and which have been demonstrated to attenuate damage and improve WM protection in experimental models of injury. The molecular targets of these agents include growth factor and neurotransmitter receptors, morphogens and their signaling components, nuclear receptors, as well as the processes of iron transport and actin binding. By surveying the current evidence in non-immune targets of both the immature and mature WM, we aim to better understand pharmacological approaches modulating endogenous oligodendroglia that show potential for success in the contexts of developmental and adult WM pathology. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Cynthia A DeBoy
- Biology Department, Trinity Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Liu H, Xu E, Liu J, Xiong H. Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6030023. [PMID: 27455335 PMCID: PMC5039452 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes wrap neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating sheath which is essential for nervous impulse conduction along axons. Axonal myelination is highly regulated by neuronal and astrocytic signals and the maintenance of myelin sheaths is a very complex process. Oligodendrocyte damage can cause axonal demyelination and neuronal injury, leading to neurological disorders. Demyelination in the cerebrum may produce cognitive impairment in a variety of neurological disorders, including human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although the combined antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the incidence of HIV-1-associated dementia, a severe form of HAND, milder forms of HAND remain prevalent even when the peripheral viral load is well controlled. HAND manifests as a subcortical dementia with damage in the brain white matter (e.g., corpus callosum), which consists of myelinated axonal fibers. How HIV-1 brain infection causes myelin injury and resultant white matter damage is an interesting area of current HIV research. In this review, we tentatively address recent progress on oligodendrocyte dysregulation and HAND pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Enquan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Jianuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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19
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Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition promotes remyelination by MCP-1/CCR-2 and MMP-9 regulation in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Exp Neurol 2016; 275 Pt 1:143-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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von Bernhardi R, Eugenín-von Bernhardi J, Flores B, Eugenín León J. Glial Cells and Integrity of the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 949:1-24. [PMID: 27714682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Today, there is enormous progress in understanding the function of glial cells, including astroglia, oligodendroglia, Schwann cells, and microglia. Around 150 years ago, glia were viewed as a glue among neurons. During the course of the twentieth century, microglia were discovered and neuroscientists' views evolved toward considering glia only as auxiliary cells of neurons. However, over the last two to three decades, glial cells' importance has been reconsidered because of the evidence on their involvement in defining central nervous system architecture, brain metabolism, the survival of neurons, development and modulation of synaptic transmission, propagation of nerve impulses, and many other physiological functions. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that glia are involved in the mechanisms of a broad spectrum of pathologies of the nervous system, including some psychiatric diseases, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases to mention a few. It appears safe to say that no neurological disease can be understood without considering neuron-glia crosstalk. Thus, this book aims to show different roles played by glia in the healthy and diseased nervous system, highlighting some of their properties while considering that the various glial cell types are essential components not only for cell function and integration among neurons, but also for the emergence of important brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommy von Bernhardi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jaime Eugenín-von Bernhardi
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pettenkoferstr.12, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Betsi Flores
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín León
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, USACH, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Salinas Tejedor L, Berner G, Jacobsen K, Gudi V, Jungwirth N, Hansmann F, Gingele S, Prajeeth CK, Baumgärtner W, Hoffmann A, Skripuletz T, Stangel M. Mesenchymal stem cells do not exert direct beneficial effects on CNS remyelination in the absence of the peripheral immune system. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:155-165. [PMID: 26140734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is the natural repair mechanism in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and it was proposed that it might protect from axonal loss. For unknown reasons, remyelination is often incomplete or fails in MS lesions and therapeutic treatments to enhance remyelination are not available. Recently, the transplantation of exogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance repair processes. This included the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used model for the autoimmune mechanisms of MS. However, in EAE it is not clear if the beneficial effect of MSC derives from a direct influence on brain resident cells or if this is an indirect phenomenon via modulation of the peripheral immune system. The aim of this study was to determine potential regenerative functions of MSC in the toxic cuprizone model of demyelination that allows studying direct effects on de- and remyelination without the influence of the peripheral immune system. MSC from three different species (human, murine, canine) were transplanted either intraventricularly into the cerebrospinal fluid or directly into the lesion of the corpus callosum at two time points: at the onset of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation or the peak of OPC proliferation during cuprizone induced demyelination. Our results show that MSC did not exert any regenerative effects after cuprizone induced demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss. During remyelination, MSC did not influence the dynamics of OPC proliferation and myelin formation. In conclusion, MSC did not exert direct regenerative functions in a mouse model where peripheral immune cells and especially T lymphocytes do not play a role. We thus suggest that the peripheral immune system is required for MSC to exert their effects and this is independent from a direct influence of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salinas Tejedor
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriel Berner
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Kristin Jacobsen
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Jungwirth
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Gingele
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Chittappen K Prajeeth
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Sypecka J, Sarnowska A. Mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood as a source of human oligodendrocyte progenitors. Life Sci 2015; 139:24-9. [PMID: 26285174 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, Pawinskiego str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translative Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Alme MN, Nystad AE, Bø L, Myhr KM, Vedeler CA, Wergeland S, Torkildsen Ø. Fingolimod does not enhance cerebellar remyelination in the cuprizone model. J Neuroimmunol 2015. [PMID: 26198937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In vitro studies have found that fingolimod stimulates remyelination in cerebellar slices, but in vivo animal studies have not detected any positive effect on cerebral remyelination. The discrepant findings could be a result of different mechanisms underlying cerebral and cerebellar remyelination. The cuprizone model for de- and remyelination was used to evaluate whether fingolimod had an impact on cerebellar remyelination in vivo. We found that fingolimod did not have any effect on cerebellar remyelination, number of mature oligodendrocytes, microglia or astrocytes when fed after cuprizone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nordheim Alme
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Agnes E Nystad
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Kristian Gerhard Jebsen MS Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lars Bø
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Kristian Gerhard Jebsen MS Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Kristian Gerhard Jebsen MS Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Christian A Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Kristian Gerhard Jebsen MS Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Kristian Gerhard Jebsen MS Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Kristian Gerhard Jebsen MS Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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