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Mögling R, Reimerink J, Stanoeva KR, Keramarou M, Guiomar R, Costa I, Haveri A, Holzer B, Korukluoğlu G, Nguyen T, Pakarna G, Pancer K, Trilar KP, Protic J, Stojanović M, De Santis R, Lista F, Vremera T, Leustean M, Pistol A, Zelena H, Reusken C, Broberg EK. Comparative study between virus neutralisation testing and other serological methods detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Europe, 2021. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114825. [PMID: 37778539 PMCID: PMC10682845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
One consequence of the ongoing coronavirus disease pandemic was the rapid development of both in-house and commercial serological assays detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, in an effort to reliably detect acute and past SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is crucial to evaluate the quality of these serological tests and consequently the sero-epidemiological studies that are performed with the respective tests. Here, we describe the set-up and results of a comparative study, in which a laboratory contracted by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control offered a centralised service to EU/EEA Member and pre-accession Member States to test representative serum specimens with known serological results, with the gold standard technique (virus neutralisation tests) to determine the presence of neutralising antibodies. Laboratories from 12 European countries shared 719 serum specimens with the contractor laboratory. We found that in-house serological tests detecting neutralising antibodies showed the highest percent agreement, both positive and negative, with the virus neutralisation test results. Despite extensive differences in virus neutralisation protocols neutralisation titres showed a strong correlation. From the commercial assays, the best positive percent agreement was found for SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) (Siemens - Atellica IM Analyzer). Despite lower positive percent agreement of LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG kit (Diasorin Inc.), the obtained results showed relatively good correlation with neutralisation titres. The set-up of this study allowed for high comparability between laboratories and enabled laboratories that do not have the capacity or capability to perform VNTs themselves. Given the variety of in-house protocols detecting SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralising antibodies, including the virus strain, it could be of interest to select reference isolates for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic to be made available for interested EU Member States and pre-accession countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Mögling
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kamelia R Stanoeva
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Keramarou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- The National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Costa
- The National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anu Haveri
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Holzer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Trung Nguyen
- Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Gatis Pakarna
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Jelena Protic
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines, and Sera - Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Pistol
- National Institute for Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hana Zelena
- Public Health Institute Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eeva K Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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Watanabe K, Nojima M, Nakase H, Sato T, Matsuura M, Aoyama N, Kobayashi T, Sakuraba H, Nishishita M, Yokoyama K, Esaki M, Hirai F, Nagahori M, Nanjo S, Omori T, Tanida S, Yokoyama Y, Moriya K, Maemoto A, Handa O, Ohmiya N, Tsuchiya K, Shinzaki S, Kato S, Uraoka T, Tanaka H, Takatsu N, Nishida A, Umeno J, Nakamura M, Mishima Y, Fujiya M, Tsuchida K, Hiraoka S, Okabe M, Toyonaga T, Matsuoka K, Andoh A, Hirota Y, Hisamatsu T. Trajectory analyses to identify persistently low responders to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective multicentre controlled study, J-COMBAT. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1015-1029. [PMID: 37561155 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients based on actual changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres over time is unknown. METHODS Data were prospectively acquired at four predetermined time points before and after two vaccine doses in a multicentre observational controlled study. The primary outcome was humoral immune response and vaccination safety in IBD patients. We performed trajectory analysis to identify the degree of immune response and associated factors in IBD patients compared with controls. RESULTS Overall, 645 IBD patients and 199 control participants were analysed. At 3 months after the second vaccination, the seronegative proportions were 20.3% (combination of anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF]α and thiopurine) and 70.0% (triple combination including steroids), despite that 80.0% receiving the triple combination therapy were seropositive at 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Trajectory analyses indicated three degrees of change in immune response over time in IBD patients: high (57.7%), medium (35.6%), and persistently low (6.7%). In the control group, there was only one degree, which corresponded with IBD high responders. Older age, combined anti-TNFα and thiopurine (odds ratio [OR], 37.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.64-251.54), steroids (OR, 21.47; 95%CI, 5.47-84.26), and tofacitinib (OR, 10.66; 95%CI, 1.49-76.31) were factors associated with persistently low response. Allergy history (OR, 0.17; 95%CI, 0.04-0.68) was a negatively associated factor. Adverse reactions after the second vaccination were significantly fewer in IBD than controls (31.0% vs 59.8%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most IBD patients showed a sufficient immune response to COVID-19 vaccination regardless of clinical factors. Assessment of changes over time is essential to optimize COVID-19 vaccination, especially in persistently low responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa 6-20-2, Mitaka-shi, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nishishita
- Nishishita Gastrointestinal Hospital, 4-15, Kitakawahori-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Esaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 1-1,5-Chome, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagahori
- Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohachi Nanjo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Teppei Omori
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanida
- Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maemoto
- IBD Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, Kita 33-Jo Higashi 14-Chome, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Advanced Endoscopy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Sapporo IBD Clinic, 1-18, Minami-19, Nishi-8, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noritaka Takatsu
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1, Zokumyoin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Junji Umeno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue,, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchida
- Gastroenterology, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, 1-1-1, Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sakiko Hiraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Toyonaga
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshidu, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, SOUSEIKAI Medical Group (Medical Co. LTA), 3-6-1, Kashii-Teriha, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa 6-20-2, Mitaka-shi, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Wakazono N, Nagai K, Mizushima A, Maeda Y, Taniguchi N, Harada T, Satou E, Mae N, Furuya K. Febrile Reactions Associated with High IgG Antibody Titers after the Second and Third BNT162b2 Vaccinations in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:275-281. [PMID: 37121673 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Adverse events are potentially associated with an IgG response after BNT162b2 vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this study, we investigated the side effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine using a health questionnaire and examined its relationship with IgG antibody titers. Serum samples were collected from participants 3 months after the second vaccination, immediately before the third vaccination, and 1 and 3 months after the third vaccination. A total of 505 participants who received three doses of vaccine were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The results showed that post-vaccination body temperature correlated with anti-spike-receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD) antibody titers measured 3 months after the second (r = 0.30, P < 0.001) and third (r = 0.14, P < 0.001) vaccinations. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that age and severe swelling were negatively associated, whereas female sex, body temperature, and heat sensation were positively associated with log-transformed anti-S-RBD antibody levels after the second vaccination. After the third vaccination, body temperature and fatigue were positively associated, and female sex was negatively associated, with the log-transformed anti-S-RBD antibody levels. These results suggest that post-vaccination fever may be a marker of a high antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Wakazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Katsura Nagai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Arei Mizushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukiko Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Natsuko Taniguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Emiko Satou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Nao Mae
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Ken Furuya
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Center for Gastroenterological Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
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Szabó E, Modok S, Rónaszéki B, Faragó A, Gémes N, Nagy LI, Hackler L, Farkas K, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, Balog A, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses in hematologic diseases following completed vaccination protocol with BBIBP-CorV, or AZD1222, or BNT162b2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176168. [PMID: 37529238 PMCID: PMC10389666 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination has proven the potential to control the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Although recent evidence suggests a poor humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated hematological disease (HD) patients, data on vaccination in these patients is limited with the comparison of mRNA-based, vector-based or inactivated virus-based vaccines. Methods Forty-nine HD patients and 46 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled who received two-doses complete vaccination with BNT162b2, or AZD1222, or BBIBP-CorV, respectively. The antibodies reactive to the receptor binding domain of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were assayed by Siemens ADVIA Centaur assay. The reactive cellular immunity was assayed by flow cytometry. The PBMCs were reactivated with SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the production of activation-induced markers (TNF-α, IFN-γ, CD40L) was measured in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells ex vivo. Results The anti-RBD IgG level was the highest upon BNT162b2 vaccination in HDs (1264 BAU/mL) vs. HCs (1325 BAU/mL) among the studied groups. The BBIBP-CorV vaccination in HDs (339.8 BAU/mL ***p < 0.001) and AZD1222 in HDs (669.9 BAU/mL *p < 0.05) resulted in weaker antibody response vs. BNT162b2 in HCs. The response rate of IgG production of HC vs. HD patients above the diagnostic cut-off value was 100% vs. 72% for the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine; 93% vs. 56% for the vector-based AZD1222, or 69% vs. 33% for the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV, respectively. Cases that underwent the anti-CD20 therapy resulted in significantly weaker (**p < 0.01) anti-RBD IgG level (302 BAU/mL) than without CD20 blocking in the HD group (928 BAU/mL). The response rates of CD4+ TNF-α+, CD4+ IFN-γ+, or CD4+ CD40L+ cases were lower in HDs vs. HCs in all vaccine groups. However, the BBIBP-CorV vaccine resulted the highest CD4+ TNF-α and CD4+ IFN-γ+ T-cell mediated immunity in the HD group. Conclusion We have demonstrated a significant weaker overall response to vaccines in the immunologically impaired HD population vs. HCs regardless of vaccine type. Although, the humoral immune activity against SARS-CoV-2 can be highly evoked by mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccination compared to vector-based AZD1222 vaccine, or inactivated virus vaccine BBIBP-CorV, whereas the CD4+ T-cell mediated cellular activity was highest in HDs vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Szabó
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Modok
- Department of Medicine, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical School-University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Benedek Rónaszéki
- Department of Medicine, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical School-University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Faragó
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Balog
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Avicor Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices, Kozarmisleny, Hungary
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5
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Augustyniak A, Szymański T, Porzucek F, Mieloch AA, Semba JA, Hubert KA, Grajek D, Krela R, Rogalska Z, Zalc-Budziszewska E, Wysocki S, Sobczak K, Kuczyński L, Rybka JD. A cohort study reveals different dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody formation after Comirnaty and Vaxzevria vaccination. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00665-5. [PMID: 37407407 PMCID: PMC10284451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide, prompting a collective effort from the global scientific community to develop a vaccine against it. This study purports to investigate the influence of factors such as sex, age, type of vaccination (Comirnaty, BNT162b2, Pfizer Inc. or Vaxzevria, ChAdOx1-S, Oxford/AstraZeneca), and time since vaccine administration on the process of antibody production. Both of them are based on the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) to the body using different mechanisms (mRNA and recombinant adenovirus, respectively). S protein is responsible for host cell attachment and penetration via its receptor-binding domain (RBD domain). The level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies was tested with an ELISA-based immunodiagnostic assay in serum samples from a total of 1395 patients at 3 time points: before vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose. Our novel statistical model, the Generalized Additive Model, revealed variability in antibody production dynamics for both vaccines. Interestingly, no discernible variation in antibody levels between men and women was found. A nonlinear relationship between age and antibody production was observed, characterized by decreased antibody levels for people up to 30 and over 60 years of age, with a lack of correlation in the middle age range. Collectively, our findings further the understanding of the mechanism driving vaccine-induced immunity. Additionally, we propose the Generalized Additive Model as a standardized way of presenting data in similar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szymański
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Filip Porzucek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Anna Semba
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Anna Hubert
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Grajek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Krela
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rogalska
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Zalc-Budziszewska
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wysocki
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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6
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Vilca-Alosilla JJ, Candia-Puma MA, Coronel-Monje K, Goyzueta-Mamani LD, Galdino AS, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Giunchetti RC, Ferraz Coelho EA, Chávez-Fumagalli MA. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy Tests of COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091549. [PMID: 37174941 PMCID: PMC10177430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to evaluate the reliability of coronavirus disease diagnostic tests in 2019 (COVID-19). This article seeks to describe the scientific discoveries made because of diagnostic tests conducted in recent years during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Between 2020 and 2021, searches for published papers on the COVID-19 diagnostic were made in the PubMed database. Ninety-nine scientific articles that satisfied the requirements were analyzed and included in the meta-analysis, and the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic accuracy were assessed. When compared to serological tests such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), molecular tests such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) performed better in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the area under the curve restricted to the false-positive rates (AUCFPR) of 0.984 obtained by the antiviral neutralization bioassay (ANB) diagnostic test revealed significant potential for the identification of COVID-19. It has been established that the various diagnostic tests have been effectively adapted for the detection of SARS-CoV-2; nevertheless, their performance still must be enhanced to contain potential COVID-19 outbreaks, which will also help contain potential infectious agent outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jeferson Vilca-Alosilla
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Mayron Antonio Candia-Puma
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Katiusca Coronel-Monje
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Luis Daniel Goyzueta-Mamani
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Sustainable Innovative Biomaterials Department, Le Qara Research Center, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador 40015-970, BA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
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7
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Gerhards C, Thiaucourt M, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Kittel M. Heterologous Vector-mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector-Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:701. [PMID: 36992285 PMCID: PMC10054089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector-vector versus heterologous, vector-mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. METHODS In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. RESULTS All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. CONCLUSION Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector-vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Tuncer G, Geyiktepe-Guclu C, Surme S, Canel-Karakus E, Erdogan H, Bayramlar OF, Belge C, Karahasanoglu R, Copur B, Yazla M, Zerdali E, Nakir IY, Yildirim N, Kar B, Bozkurt M, Karanalbant K, Atasoy B, Takak H, Simsek-Yavuz S, Turkay R, M Sonmez M, Sengoz G, Pehlivanoglu F. Long-term effects of COVID-19 on lungs and the clinical relevance: a 6-month prospective cohort study. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:185-198. [PMID: 36916475 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to explore the prevalence of prolonged symptoms, pulmonary impairments and residual disease on chest tomography (CT) in COVID-19 patients at 6 months after acute illness. Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, hospitalized patients with radiologically and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included. Results: A high proportion of the 116 patients reported persistent symptoms (n = 54; 46.6%). On follow-up CT, 33 patients (28.4%) demonstrated residual disease. Multivariate analyses revealed that only neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was an independent predictor for residual disease. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 still had persistent symptoms and were prone to develop long-term pulmonary sequelae on chest CT. However, it did not have a significant effect on long-term pulmonary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Tuncer
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Geyiktepe-Guclu
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Serkan Surme
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
| | - Evren Canel-Karakus
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Hatice Erdogan
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Osman F Bayramlar
- Department of Public Health, Bakirkoy District Health Directorate, Istanbul, 34140, Turkey
| | - Cansu Belge
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences University, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Karahasanoglu
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences University, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Betul Copur
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yazla
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Esra Zerdali
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Inci Y Nakir
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Nihal Yildirim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Bedriye Kar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Mediha Bozkurt
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Kubra Karanalbant
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Burcu Atasoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Hindirin Takak
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Serap Simsek-Yavuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Rustu Turkay
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences University, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Mehmet M Sonmez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Gonul Sengoz
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
| | - Filiz Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34096, Turkey
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9
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Sonnweber T, Grubwieser P, Pizzini A, Boehm A, Sahanic S, Luger A, Schwabl C, Widmann G, Egger A, Hoermann G, Wöll E, Puchner B, Kaser S, Theurl I, Nairz M, Tymoszuk P, Weiss G, Joannidis M, Löffler-Ragg J, Tancevski I. Pulmonary recovery from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic diseases: a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2599. [PMID: 36788324 PMCID: PMC9926446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is related to the presence of comorbidities including metabolic diseases. We herein present data from the longitudinal prospective CovILD trial, and investigate the recovery from COVID-19 in individuals with dysglycemia and dyslipidemia. A total of 145 COVID-19 patients were prospectively followed and a comprehensive clinical, laboratory and imaging assessment was performed at 60, 100, 180, and 360 days after the onset of COVID-19. The severity of acute COVID-19 and outcome at early post-acute follow-up were significantly related to the presence of dysglycemia and dyslipidemia. Still, at long-term follow-up, metabolic disorders were not associated with an adverse pulmonary outcome, as reflected by a good recovery of structural lung abnormalities in both, patients with and without metabolic diseases. To conclude, dyslipidemia and dysglycemia are associated with a more severe course of acute COVID-19 as well as delayed early recovery but do not impair long-term pulmonary recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Luger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwabl
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Egger
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Ewald Wöll
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Zams, Austria
| | - Bernhard Puchner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Karl Landsteiner Institute, Reha Zentrum Münster, Münster, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Joannidis
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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10
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Debie Y, Van Audenaerde JRM, Vandamme T, Croes L, Teuwen LA, Verbruggen L, Vanhoutte G, Marcq E, Verheggen L, Le Blon D, Peeters B, Goossens ME, Pannus P, Ariën KK, Anguille S, Janssens A, Prenen H, Smits ELJ, Vulsteke C, Lion E, Peeters M, van Dam PA. Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 after Third Dose BNT162b2 following Double-Dose Vaccination with BNT162b2 versus ChAdOx1 in Patients with Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:635-646. [PMID: 36341493 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with cancer display reduced humoral responses after double-dose COVID-19 vaccination, whereas their cellular response is more comparable with that in healthy individuals. Recent studies demonstrated that a third vaccination dose boosts these immune responses, both in healthy people and patients with cancer. Because of the availability of many different COVID-19 vaccines, many people have been boosted with a different vaccine from the one used for double-dose vaccination. Data on such alternative vaccination schedules are scarce. This prospective study compares a third dose of BNT162b2 after double-dose BNT162b2 (homologous) versus ChAdOx1 (heterologous) vaccination in patients with cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 442 subjects (315 patients and 127 healthy) received a third dose of BNT162b2 (230 homologous vs. 212 heterologous). Vaccine-induced adverse events (AE) were captured up to 7 days after vaccination. Humoral immunity was assessed by SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgG antibody levels and SARS-CoV-2 50% neutralization titers (NT50) against Wuhan and BA.1 Omicron strains. Cellular immunity was examined by analyzing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2-specific S1 and S2 peptides. RESULTS Local AEs were more common after heterologous boosting. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgG antibody levels did not differ significantly between homologous and heterologous boosted subjects [GMT 1,755.90 BAU/mL (95% CI, 1,276.95-2,414.48) vs. 1,495.82 BAU/mL (95% CI, 1,131.48-1,977.46)]. However, homologous-boosted subjects show significantly higher NT50 values against BA.1 Omicron. Subjects receiving heterologous boosting demonstrated increased spike-specific CD8+ T cells, including higher IFNγ and TNFα levels. CONCLUSIONS In patients with cancer who received double-dose ChAdOx1, a third heterologous dose of BNT162b2 was able to close the gap in antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Debie
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jonas R M Van Audenaerde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Croes
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,GeIntegreerd Kankercentrum Gent (IKG), AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Lise Verbruggen
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vanhoutte
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Elly Marcq
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lisa Verheggen
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Debbie Le Blon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bart Peeters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Maria E Goossens
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Service Immune response, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Pannus
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Service Immune response, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaxinfectio, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelien L J Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christof Vulsteke
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,GeIntegreerd Kankercentrum Gent (IKG), AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eva Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaxinfectio, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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11
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Kirste I, Hortsch S, Grunert VP, Legault H, Maglinao M, Eichenlaub U, Kashlan B, Pajon R, Jochum S. Quantifying the Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Response to Spike-Receptor Binding Domain as a Surrogate for Neutralization Testing Following mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) Vaccination Against COVID-19. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:177-191. [PMID: 36376733 PMCID: PMC9663276 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a need for automated, high-throughput assays to quantify immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This study assessed the combined utility of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (ACOV2S) and the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (ACOV2N) assays using samples from the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax™) phase 2 trial (NCT04405076). METHODS Samples from 593 healthy participants in two age cohorts (18-54 and ≥ 55 years), who received two injections with placebo (n = 198) or mRNA-1273 (50 μg [n = 197] or 100 μg [n = 198]), were collected at days 1 (first vaccination), 15, 29 (second vaccination), 43, and 57. ACOV2S results were used to assess humoral response to vaccination in different subgroups and were compared to live virus microneutralization assay. Samples from patients with either previous or concomitant infection (identified per ACOV2N) were analyzed separately. RESULTS Receptor-binding domain-specific antibodies were readily detectable by ACOV2S for the vast majority of participants (174/189, 92.1% [50 μg dose] and 178/192, 92.7% [100 μg dose]) at the first post-vaccination assessment, with non-converters predominantly older in age. Seroconversion for all participants was observed at day 29 (before the second vaccine dose). Two weeks after the first dose, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody levels was 1.37-fold higher in the 100 versus 50 μg group (p = 0.0098), reducing to 1.09-fold 2 weeks after the second dose (p = 0.0539, n.s.). In both dose groups, a more pronounced response was observed in the younger versus older age group on day 15 (50 μg, 2.49-fold [p < 0.0001]; 100 μg, 3.94-fold [p < 0.0001] higher GMC, respectively), and day 29 (1.93-fold, p = 0.0002, and 2.44-fold, p < 0.0001). Eight subjects had previous or concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection; vaccination boosted their humoral response to very high ACOV2S results compared to infection-naïve recipients. ACOV2S strongly correlated with microneutralization (Pearson's r = 0.779; p < 0.0001), including good qualitative agreement. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that ACOV2S is a highly valuable assay for tracking vaccine-related immune responses. Combined application with ACOV2N enables monitoring for breakthrough infection or stratification of previous natively infected individuals. The adaptive measuring range and high resolution of ACOV2S allow for early identification of seroconversion and resolution of very high titers and longitudinal differences between subgroups. Additionally, good correlation with live virus microneutralization suggests that ACOV2S is a reliable estimate of neutralization capacity in routine diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Kirste
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sayuri Hortsch
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Veit Peter Grunert
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Holly Legault
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Maha Maglinao
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Udo Eichenlaub
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Basel Kashlan
- Lab Operations, PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Highland Heights, KY USA
| | - Rolando Pajon
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Simon Jochum
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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12
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Halfon P, Jordana S, Blachier S, Cartlamy P, Kbaier L, Psomas CK, Philibert P, Antoniotti G, Allemand-Sourrieu J, Rebaudet S, Cavaille G, Stavris C, Retornaz F, Chiche L, Penaranda G. Anti-spike protein to determine SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels: Is there a specific threshold conferring protection in immunocompromised patients? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281257. [PMID: 37115758 PMCID: PMC10146437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying a specific threshold level of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that confers protection in immunocompromised patients has been very challenging. The aim was to assess the threshold of 264 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml using four different SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (Abbott, Beckman, Roche, and Siemens) and to establish a new optimal threshold of protection for each of the four antibody assays. METHODS This study was performed on data retrieved from 69 individuals, who received at least one dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (Spikevax) at the Alphabio Laboratory in Marseille, France (European Hospital, Alphabio-Biogroup). The results were compared to the percent inhibition calculated using a functional surrogate of a standardized virus neutralization test (Genscript). RESULTS Samples from 69 patients were analyzed. For a reference cutoff of 264 BAU/ml, assays showed moderate to good overall concordance with Genscript: 87% concordance for Abbott, 78% for Beckman, 75% for Roche, and 88% for Siemens. Overall concordance increased consistently after applying new thresholds, i.e., 148 BAU/ml (Abbott), 48 (Beckman), 559 (Roche), and 270 (Siemens). CONCLUSION We suggest specific adjusted thresholds (BAU/ml) for the four commercial antibody assays that are used to assess pre-exposure prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Halfon
- Laboratoire Alphabio-Biogroup, Marseille, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina K Psomas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Philibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julie Allemand-Sourrieu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Stanislas Rebaudet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Guilhem Cavaille
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Stavris
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Frédérique Retornaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
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13
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Chensue SW, Siler AF, Kim PS, Dimcheff DE, Daghfal DJ, Prostko J, Frias E, Linder KA, Schildhouse RJ. SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Antibody and ACE2 Receptor Binding Inhibition Levels among Breakthrough Stage Veteran Patients. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0274722. [PMID: 36409132 PMCID: PMC9769865 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02747-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been critical to curbing pandemic COVID-19; however, a major shortcoming has been the inability to assess levels of protection after vaccination. This study assessed serologic status of breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients at a Veterans Administration medical center from June through December 2021 during a SARS-CoV-2 delta variant wave. Breakthrough occurred mostly beyond 150 days after two-dose vaccination with a mean of 239 days. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) IgG levels were low at 0 to 2 days postsymptoms but increased in subjects presenting thereafter. Population measurements of anti-S IgG and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2-R) binding inhibition among uninfected, vaccinated patients suggested immune decay occurred after 150 days with 62% having anti-S IgG levels at or below 1,000 AU comparable with breakthrough patients at 0 to 2 days postsymptom onset. In contrast, vaccination after resolved infection conferred robust enduring anti-S IgG levels (5,000 to >50,000 AU) with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition. However, monoclonal antibody (MAb)-treated patients did not benefit from their prior infection suggesting impaired establishment of B cell memory. Analysis of boosted patients confirmed the benefit of a third vaccine dose with most having anti-S IgG levels above 5,000 AU with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition, but a subset had levels <5,000 AU. Anti-S IgG levels >5,000 AU were associated with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition and no documented breakthrough infections, whereas levels falling below 5,000 AU and approaching 1,000 AU were associated with breakthrough infections. Thus, quantitative antibody measurements may provide a means to guide vaccination intervals for the individual. IMPORTANCE Currently, clinicians have no guidance for the serologic assessment of SARS-Cov-2 postvaccination status regarding protection and risk of infection. Vaccination and boosters are administered blindly without evaluation of need or outcome at the individual level. The recent development of automated quantitative assays for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibodies permits accurate measurement of humoral immunity in standardized units. Clinical studies, such as reported here, will help establish protective antibody levels allowing identification and targeted management of poor vaccine responders and vaccinated subjects undergoing immune decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Chensue
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Paul S. Kim
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek E. Dimcheff
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David J. Daghfal
- Abbott Laboratories, CoreLab Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - John Prostko
- Abbott Laboratories, CoreLab Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Edwin Frias
- Abbott Laboratories, CoreLab Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Linder
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard J. Schildhouse
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Egger AE, Sahanic S, Gleiss A, Ratzinger F, Holzer B, Irsara C, Binder N, Winkler C, Binder CJ, Posch W, Loacker L, Hartmann B, Anliker M, Weiss G, Sonnweber T, Tancevski I, Griesmacher A, Löffler-Ragg J, Hoermann G. One-Year Follow-Up of COVID-19 Patients Indicates Substantial Assay-Dependent Differences in the Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0059722. [PMID: 36222681 PMCID: PMC9784763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00597-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of antibody levels against the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are used to estimate the humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Differences in the design and specification of antibody assays challenge the interpretation of test results, and comparative studies are often limited to single time points per patient. We determined the longitudinal kinetics of antibody levels of 145 unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at four visits over 1 year upon convalescence using 8 commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (from Abbott, DiaSorin, Roche, Siemens, and Technoclone), as well as a virus neutralization test (VNT). A linear regression model was used to investigate whether antibody results obtained in the first 6 months after disease onset could predict the VNT results at 12 months. Spike protein-specific antibody tests showed good correlation to the VNT at individual time points (rS, 0.74 to 0.92). While longitudinal assay comparison with the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S test showed almost constant antibody concentrations over 12 months, the VNT and all other tests indicated a decline in serum antibody levels (median decrease to 14% to 36% of baseline). The antibody level at 3 months was the best predictor of the VNT results at 12 months after disease onset. The current standardization to a WHO calibrator for normalization to binding antibody units (BAU) is not sufficient for the harmonization of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests. Assay-specific differences in absolute values and trends over time need to be considered when interpreting the course of antibody levels in patients. IMPORTANCE Determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 will play an important role in detecting a sufficient immune response. Although all the manufacturers expressed antibody levels in binding antibody units per milliliter, thus suggesting comparable results, we found discrepant behavior between the eight investigated assays when we followed the antibody levels in a cohort of 145 convalescent patients over 1 year. While one assay yielded constant antibody levels, the others showed decreasing antibody levels to a varying extent. Therefore, the comparability of the assays must be improved regarding the long-term kinetics of antibody levels. This is a prerequisite for establishing reliable antibody level cutoffs for sufficient individual protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Egger
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Gleiss
- Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Holzer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Christian Irsara
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Binder
- Technoclone Herstellung von Diagnostika und Arzneimitteln GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorin Loacker
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Boris Hartmann
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Markus Anliker
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MLL (Munich Leukemia Laboratory), Munich, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Multiple vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, trials addressing the immune response in the pediatric population are scarce. The inactivated vaccine CoronaVac has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 clinical trial in a pediatric cohort in China. Here, we report interim safety and immunogenicity results of a phase 3 clinical trial for CoronaVac in healthy children and adolescents in Chile. Participants 3 to 17 years old received two doses of CoronaVac in a 4-week interval until 31 December 2021. Local and systemic adverse reactions were registered for volunteers who received one or two doses of CoronaVac. Whole-blood samples were collected from a subgroup of 148 participants for humoral and cellular immunity analyses. The main adverse reaction reported after the first and second doses was pain at the injection site. Four weeks after the second dose, an increase in neutralizing antibody titer was observed in subjects relative to their baseline visit. Similar results were found for activation of specific CD4+ T cells. Neutralizing antibodies were identified against the Delta and Omicron variants. However, these titers were lower than those for the D614G strain. Importantly, comparable CD4+ T cell responses were detected against these variants of concern. Therefore, CoronaVac is safe and immunogenic in subjects 3 to 17 years old, inducing neutralizing antibody secretion and activating CD4+ T cells against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under no. NCT04992260.) IMPORTANCE This work evaluated the immune response induced by two doses of CoronaVac separated by 4 weeks in healthy children and adolescents in Chile. To date, few studies have described the effects of CoronaVac in the pediatric population. Therefore, it is essential to generate knowledge regarding the protection of vaccines in this population. Along these lines, we reported the anti-S humoral response and cellular immune response to several SARS-CoV-2 proteins that have been published and recently studied. Here, we show that a vaccination schedule consisting of two doses separated by 4 weeks induces the secretion of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, CoronaVac induces the activation of CD4+ T cells upon stimulation with peptides from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. These results indicate that, even though the neutralizing antibody response induced by vaccination decreases against the Delta and Omicron variants, the cellular response against these variants is comparable to the response against the ancestral strain D614G, even being significantly higher against Omicron.
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16
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Zhang-Sun J, Kirou RA, Kirou KA. Low Peripheral B-Cell Counts in Patients With Systemic Rheumatic
Diseases Due to Treatment With Belimumab and/or Rituximab Are Associated With
Low Antibody Responses to Primary COVID-19 Vaccination. HSS J 2022; 19:180-186. [PMID: 37051614 PMCID: PMC9760510 DOI: 10.1177/15563316221142846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Immunosuppressive agents inhibit COVID-19 vaccine
antibody (Ab) responses in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Rituximab
may fully block Ab responses when B cells become undetected. The effect of
detected but low number of B cells due to treatment with a B-cell agent
(belimumab and/or rituximab) has not been established. Purpose:
We sought to examine whether there is an association between a low number of B
cells due to treatment with belimumab and/or rituximab and impaired primary
COVID-19 vaccination spike Ab responses in patients with systemic rheumatic
diseases. Methods: We retrospectively examined Ab responses to
COVID-19 vaccinations, especially in relation to B-cell counts after treatment
with belimumab and/or rituximab, in 58 patients with systemic rheumatic
diseases: 22 on and 36 not on B-cell agents. We used Kruskal-Wallis and
Mann-Whitney U tests for comparison of Ab values between the
groups and Fisher exact test for relative risk calculations.
Results: Median (interquartile range) postvaccination Ab
responses were lower in patients on versus those not on B-cell agents: 3.91
(0.77–20.00) versus 20.00 (14.32–20.00), respectively. Among patients on
belimumab and/or rituximab, Ab responses of less than 25% of the assay’s upper
limit were exclusively observed in those with B-cell counts lower than 40/µL.
Patients with B-cell counts lower than 40/µL exhibit a relative risk of 6.092
(95% CI: 2.75–14.24) for Ab responses of less than 25% of the upper limit
compared with patients not on B-cell agents. This relative risk remained
significant, even after excluding patients with undetected B cells.
Conclusion: This retrospective study found an association
between low B-cell counts (less than 40/µL) and decreased Ab responses to
primary COVID-19 vaccination in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases
treated with belimumab and/or rituximab. Despite the small number of patients
studied, these findings add to the accumulating evidence on the importance of
B-cell count in predicting spike Ab responses to COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyriakos A. Kirou
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York,
NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY,
USA
- Kyriakos A. Kirou, MD, Hospital for Special
Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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17
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Sugiyama K, Suzuki C, Aoyama M, Toyota N, Nakagawa N, Shozu M, Nakai K, Iwano K. Long-term observation of antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100297. [PMID: 35847239 PMCID: PMC9270262 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to understand how SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer decrease following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and to estimate the timing of booster vaccination. Study design Six hundred sixty-two healthcare workers were administered with total of three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine during the same short period. Of them, three volunteers were enrolled to measure anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers (IgG) monthly following the second and the third doses. Methods Serum anti-RBD antibody titers were measured monthly and the decay curve of the antibody was analyzed. We estimate the timing of the third and fourth vaccine based on the observed antibody titer decrease and the period of breakthrough infections in the vaccine recipients. Results Anti-RBD antibody decreased exponentially following the 2nd dose. Between 108 and 117 days following the second dose, breakthrough infection of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in 11 out of the 662 vaccine recipients. Based on the decrease in anti-RBD antibody and the timing of the breakthrough infections, we estimate that the optimal timing of a third dose would be at earliest 108 days after the second dose, when anti-RBD antibody titers are less than 338 BAU/mL. The anti-RBD antibody titers were sustained relatively higher for 161 days following the third dose (416 days following the second dose). Conclusions We estimate that the optimal timing of a third dose would be at earliest 108 days after the second dose, or anti-RBD antibody titers are less than 338 BAU/mL. We suggest that a fourth dose should be administered later than 161 days following the third dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Sugiyama
- Medical Checkup Center, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author. Medical Checkup Center, Gyotoku General Hospital, Hongyotoku 5525-2, Ichikawa, 272-0103, Chiba prefecture, Japan.
| | - Chouji Suzuki
- Medical Checkup Center, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Aoyama
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Toyota
- Division of Surgery, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nakagawa
- Division of Nursing, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Makio Shozu
- Evolution and Reproductive Biology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Kanji Nakai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Iwano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
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18
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Evaluation of the analytical performance of three chemiluminescence serological assays for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00918-w. [PMID: 36261740 PMCID: PMC9581454 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The serology surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies represents a useful tool for monitoring protective immunity in the population. We compared the performance of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody serological immunoassays in 600 vaccinated subjects after the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. All serum samples were evaluated by three different immunoassays for detecting anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies. All SARS-CoV-2 antibody serological immunoassays could detect, when present, a post-vaccine humoral immune response. Median (interquartile range, IQR) anti-S-RBD IgG, Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG (1st IS) and Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG II levels of the subjects investigated were, respectively, 687 BAU/mL (131–2325), 419 IU/mL (58–1091) and 104 AU/mL (14–274). By studying a cohort of unvaccinated subjects, without previous COVID-19 infection, we found a high specificity for all methods. A high correlation was found between IgG titres. Considering the kinetics of subjects with multiple doses, we observed that percentage decreasing gradients were comparable across methods. Our results suggest that all the SARS-CoV-2 antibody serological immunoassays evaluated in this study are suitable for monitoring IgG titers over time. This study contributes to a better understanding of antibody response in vaccinated subjects using some currently available assays.
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19
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de Boer J, Saade U, Granjon E, Trouillet-Assant S, Saade C, Pottel H, Zrein M. A novel assessment method for COVID-19 humoral immunity duration using serial measurements in naturally infected and vaccinated subjects. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274553. [PMID: 36173972 PMCID: PMC9521896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collecting information on sustainability of immune responses after infection or vaccination is crucial to inform medical decision-making and vaccination strategies. Data on how long-lasting antibodies against SARS-COV-2 could provide a humoral and protective immunity and prevent reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or its variants is particularly valuable. This study presents a novel method to quantitatively measure and monitor the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody profiles over time. METHODS Serum samples from two groups were used in this study: Samples from 20 naturally infected subjects (followed for up to 1 year) and samples from 83 subjects vaccinated with one or two doses of the Pfizer BioNtech vaccine (BNT162b2/BNT162b2) (followed for up to 6 months). The Multi-SARS-CoV-2 assay, a multiparameter serology test developed for the serological confirmation of past-infections, was used to determine the reactivity of six different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. For each subject sample, 3 dilutions (1/50, 1/400 and 1/3200) were defined as an optimal set over the six antigens and their respective linear ranges. This allowed accurate quantification of the corresponding six antibodies. Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling was applied to convert intensity readings from 3 determined dilutions to a single quantification value for each antibody. RESULTS Median half-life for the 20 naturally infected vs 74 vaccinated subjects (two doses) was 120 vs 50 days for RBD, 127 vs 53 days for S1 and 187 vs 86 days for S2 antibodies respectively. CONCLUSION The newly proposed method, based on a series of a limited number of dilutions, can convert a conventional qualitative assay into a quantitative assay. This conversion helps define the sustainability of specific immune responses against each relevant viral antigen and can help in defining the protection characteristics after an infection or a vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper de Boer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ursula Saade
- R&D Department, InfYnity Biomarkers, Lyon, France
| | | | - Sophie Trouillet-Assant
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Agents, Laboratory associated with the National Reference Centre for Respiratory Viruses, Civils Hospices of Lyon, Lyon, France
- International Center of Research in Infectiology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Carla Saade
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Agents, Laboratory associated with the National Reference Centre for Respiratory Viruses, Civils Hospices of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hans Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Maan Zrein
- R&D Department, InfYnity Biomarkers, Lyon, France
| | - Covid ser study group
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Agents, Laboratory associated with the National Reference Centre for Respiratory Viruses, Civils Hospices of Lyon, Lyon, France
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20
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Comparison of Homologous and Heterologous Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Autoimmune Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911411. [PMID: 36232710 PMCID: PMC9569441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to prevent COVID-19 is highly recommended for immunocompromised patients with autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (aiRMDs). Little is known about the effect of booster vaccination or infection followed by previously completed two-dose vaccination in aiRMDs. We determined neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and applied flow cytometric immunophenotyping to quantify the SARS-CoV-2 reactive B- and T-cell mediated immunity in aiRMDs receiving homologous or heterologous boosters or acquired infection following vaccination. Patients receiving a heterologous booster had a higher proportion of IgM+ SARS-CoV-2 S+ CD19+CD27+ peripheral memory B-cells in comparison to those who acquired infection. Biologic therapy decreased the number of S+CD19+; S+CD19+CD27+IgG+; and S+CD19+CD27+IgM+ B-cells. The response rate to a booster event in cellular immunity was the highest in the S-, M-, and N-reactive CD4+CD40L+ T-cell subset. Patients with a disease duration of more than 10 years had higher proportions of CD8+TNF-α+ and CD8+IFN-γ+ T-cells in comparison to patients who were diagnosed less than 10 years ago. We detected neutralizing antibodies, S+ reactive peripheral memory B-cells, and five S-, M-, and N-reactive T-cells subsets in our patient cohort showing the importance of booster events. Biologic therapy and <10 years disease duration may confound anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific immunity in aiRMDs.
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21
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The Waxing, Waning, and Predictors of Humoral Responses to Vector-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091537. [PMID: 36146615 PMCID: PMC9502593 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) patients are vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have a high mortality rate. We evaluated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody (ACOV2S) levels in 385 HD patients before and 4 and 8 weeks after the second dose of vector-based ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. For study control, week 4 ACOV2S levels after the second vaccination dose were measured in 66 healthcare workers (HCWs). The seroconversion rate of HD patients was 98.96% 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Despite low antibody levels before the second dose (week 0), week 4 ACOV2S levels after the second vaccine dose in HD patients increased prominently and were compatible with those in HCWs (p = 0.814 for HCWs vs. HD patients). The ACOV2S levels in HD patients waned significantly 8 weeks after the second vaccination dose (p < 0.001 at week 8 vs. 4). Older age and immunosuppressant use were negative predictors, while higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were positive predictors of ACOV2S waxing after the second vaccine dose in HD patients. Higher CRP levels and platelet counts were independently associated with decreased ACOV2S waning. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is effective and safe for primary vaccination in HD patients and a booster dose is necessary.
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22
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Chung A, Banbury B, Vignali M, Huang CY, Asoori S, Johnson R, Kurtz T, Arora S, Wong SW, Shah N, Martin TG, Wolf JL. Antibody and T-cell responses by ultra-deep T-cell receptor immunosequencing after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:520-528. [PMID: 36041779 PMCID: PMC9538250 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated antibody and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐specific T‐cell mediated responses via ultra‐deep immunosequencing of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD). We identified 364 patients with PCD who underwent spike antibody testing using commercially available spike‐receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G antibodies ≥2 weeks after completion of the initial two doses of mRNA vaccines or one dose of JNJ‐78436735. A total of 56 patients underwent TCR immunosequencing after vaccination. Overall, 86% tested within 6 months of vaccination had detectable spike antibodies. Increasing age, use of anti‐CD38 or anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen therapy, and receipt of BNT162b2 (vs. mRNA‐1273) were associated with lower antibody titres. We observed an increased proportion of TCRs associated with surface glycoprotein regions of the COVID‐19 genome after vaccination, consistent with spike‐specific T‐cell responses. The median spike‐specific T‐cell breadth was 3.11 × 10−5, comparable to those in healthy populations after vaccination. Although spike‐specific T‐cell breadth correlated with antibody titres, patients without antibody responses also demonstrated spike‐specific T‐cell responses. Patients receiving mRNA‐1273 had higher median spike‐specific T‐cell breadth than those receiving BNT162b2 (p = 0.01). Although patients with PCD are often immunocompromised due to underlying disease and treatments, COVID‐19 vaccination can still elicit humoral and T‐cell responses and remain an important intervention in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Chung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sireesha Asoori
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel Johnson
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, St. Maarten
| | - Theodore Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shagun Arora
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sandy W Wong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wolf
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Nguyen DC, Lamothe PA, Woodruff MC, Saini AS, Faliti CE, Sanz I, Lee FE. COVID-19 and plasma cells: Is there long-lived protection? Immunol Rev 2022; 309:40-63. [PMID: 35801537 PMCID: PMC9350162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global disruptions since early 2020. Memory B cells and durable antibody protection from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are the mainstay of most effective vaccines. However, ending the pandemic has been hampered by the lack of long-lived immunity after infection or vaccination. Although immunizations offer protection from severe disease and hospitalization, breakthrough infections still occur, most likely due to new mutant viruses and the overall decline of neutralizing antibodies after 6 months. Here, we review the current knowledge of B cells, from extrafollicular to memory populations, with a focus on distinct plasma cell subsets, such as early-minted blood antibody-secreting cells and the bone marrow LLPC, and how these humoral compartments contribute to protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Pedro A. Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ankur S. Saini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Frances Eun‐Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Verdier JF, Boyer S, Chalmin F, Jeribi A, Egasse C, Maggi MF, Auvray P, Yalaoui T. Response to three doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine: a retrospective study of a cohort of haemodialysis patients in France. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35585512 PMCID: PMC9116059 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high among haemodialyzed patients. We sought to describe the serological status of haemodialysis patients having received up to three doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, and to identify factors associated with a poor humoral response. METHODS We performed a retrospective, observational study of patients attending a dialysis centre in Antibes, France. One or two of each patient's monthly venous blood samples were assayed for anti-spike (S1) immunoglobulin G (IgG). RESULTS We included 142 patients, of whom 124 remained COVID-19-negative throughout the study. Among these COVID-19-negative patients, the humoral immune response rate (defined as an anti-S1 IgG titre ≥1.2 U/ml) was 82.9% after two injections and 95.8% after three injections, and the median [interquartile range] titre increased significantly from 7.09 [2.21; 19.94] U/ml with two injections to 93.26 [34.25; 176.06] U/ml with three. Among patients with two injections, the mean body mass index and serum albumin levels were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (26.5 kg/m2 vs. 23.2 kg/m2, p = 0.0392; and 41.9 g/l vs. 39.0 g/l, p = 0.0042, respectively). For the study population as a whole at the end of the study, a history of COVID-19, at least two vaccine doses, and being on the French national waiting list for kidney transplantation were the only factors independently associated with the anti-S1 IgG titre. CONCLUSIONS Dialysis patients vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 might not be sufficiently protected against SARS-CoV-2 and so should receive a third (booster) dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION The present retrospective study of clinical practice was not interventional and so was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Verdier
- Centre de Néphrologie d’Antibes/Centre d’Hémodialyse de la Riviera, 103 ter avenue de Nice, F-06600 Antibes, France
| | - Sonia Boyer
- Centre de Néphrologie d’Antibes/Centre d’Hémodialyse de la Riviera, 103 ter avenue de Nice, F-06600 Antibes, France
| | - Florence Chalmin
- Centre de Néphrologie d’Antibes/Centre d’Hémodialyse de la Riviera, 103 ter avenue de Nice, F-06600 Antibes, France
| | - Ahmed Jeribi
- Centre de Néphrologie d’Antibes/Centre d’Hémodialyse de la Riviera, 103 ter avenue de Nice, F-06600 Antibes, France
| | - Caroline Egasse
- Centre de Néphrologie d’Antibes/Centre d’Hémodialyse de la Riviera, 103 ter avenue de Nice, F-06600 Antibes, France
| | | | - Philippe Auvray
- Centre de Néphrologie d’Antibes/Centre d’Hémodialyse de la Riviera, 103 ter avenue de Nice, F-06600 Antibes, France
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25
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Immune Response 5–7 Months after Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Elderly Nursing Home Residents in the Czech Republic: Comparison of Three Vaccines. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051086. [PMID: 35632827 PMCID: PMC9147580 DOI: 10.3390/v14051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Elderly nursing home residents are especially prone to a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the complex immune response after vaccination depending on the convalescence status and vaccine. Methods: Sampling took place in September–October 2021. IgG antibodies against spike protein and nucleocapsid protein, the titer of virus neutralization antibodies against delta and (on a subset of patients) omicron, and cellular immunity (interferon-gamma release assay) were tested in nursing home residents vaccinated with Pfizer, Moderna (both 30–31 weeks after the completion of vaccination), or AstraZeneca (23 weeks) vaccines. The prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was evaluated in Stata version 17. Results: 95.2% (95% CI: 92.5–97.1%) of the 375 participants had positive results of anti-S IgG, 92.8% (95% CI: 89.7–95.2%) were positive in virus neutralization assay against delta, and 89.0% (95% CI: 84.5–92.5%) in the interferon-gamma-releasing assay detecting cellular immunity. Results of the virus neutralization assay against omicron correlated with those against delta but the neutralization capacity was reduced by about half. As expected, the worst results were found for the AstraZeneca vaccine, although the vaccination-to-test period was the shortest for this vaccine. All immune parameters were significantly higher in convalescent residents than in naive residents after vaccination. No case of COVID-19 occurred during the vaccination-to-test period. Conclusions: A high immune response, especially among vaccinated convalescents (i.e., residents with hybrid immunity), was found in elderly nursing home residents 5–7 months after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In view of this, it appears that such residents are much better protected from COVID-19 than those who are only vaccinated and the matter of individual approach to the booster dose in such individuals should be further discussed.
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Tran AP, Tassone D, Nossent J, Ding NS. Antibody response to the COVID-19 ChAdOx1nCov-19 and BNT162b vaccines after temporary suspension of DMARD therapy in immune-mediated inflammatory disease (RESCUE). RMD Open 2022; 8:e002301. [PMID: 35577478 PMCID: PMC9114315 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the antibody response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy after the first and second dose of the ChAdOx1nCov-19 (AstraZeneca (AZ)) and BNT162b (Pfizer) vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) compared with controls and if withholding therapy following the first vaccination dose has any effect on seroconversion and SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) levels. METHODS A multicentre three-arm randomised controlled trial compared the immunogenicity of the Pfizer and AZ vaccines in adult patients on conventional synthetic (csDMARD), biologic (bDMARD) or targeted synthetic (tsDMARD) therapy for IMID (n=181) with a control group (n=59). Patients were randomised to continue or withhold DMARD therapy for 1-2 weeks post first dose vaccination only. Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection (IgG ≥1.0 U/mL) and titres against the S1/S2 proteins were measured at baseline, 3-4 weeks post first vaccination and 4 weeks post second vaccination. RESULTS AZ vaccination was given to 47.5%, 41.5% and 52.5% in the continue, withhold and control groups, respectively while Pfizer vaccination was given to 52.5%, 58.5% and 47.5% among the continue, withhold and control groups, respectively. Seroconversion rates following the first dose in the AZ and Pfizer groups were only 27.3% vs 79.2% (p=0.000) and 64.58% vs 100% (p=0.000), respectively in the IMID groups who continued therapy compared with the AZ and Pfizer controls, respectively. Withholding DMARD therapy following the first vaccination dose resulted in higher seroconversion to 67.7% and 84.1% in the AZ and Pfizer groups, respectively. Following the second AZ and Pfizer vaccinations when all DMARDs were continued, despite a slightly lower seroconversion rate (83.7% vs 100%, p=0.000 and 95.9% vs 100%, p=0.413), respectively, the mean SARS-CoV2 IgG Ab titres were not significantly different in the csDMARD and bDMARD groups compared with the controls regardless of hold while it was significantly lower in patients taking tsDMARD (12.88 vs 79.49 U/mL, p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Following the first vaccination dose, antibody responses were lower in IMID on DMARD therapy, however the final responses were excellent regardless of hold with the exception of the tsDMARD group where withholding therapy is recommended. At least 2 vaccinations are therefore recommended preferably with an messenger RNA vaccine. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR: 12621000661875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Phuong Tran
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, St John of God Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Tassone
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johannes Nossent
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nik Sheng Ding
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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27
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The Fluctuation Trend of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence in the Non-COVID-19 Infected Population and Correlation with Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Parameters in Beijing, China, 2021: A Real-World Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040571. [PMID: 35455320 PMCID: PMC9032992 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has caused more than 300 million cases of disease and 5 million deaths. Vaccination has been widely accepted as the most effective measure for the prevention and control of this disease. However, there is little understanding about serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG levels after inactivated vaccination as well as the relationship with peripheral blood leukocytes in the non-COVID-19 infected population. A total of 16,335 male and 22,302 female participants were recruited in this study, which was conducted in the Peking University Third Hospital located in Beijing (China). The level and seroprevalence of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgM/IgG and the association with peripheral blood leukocytes classification were investigated. With an increase in the number and percentage of full immunization of COVID-19 vaccinations in Beijing, serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and seroprevalence were significantly elevated (p < 0.01). The serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of 60 years and older persons were significantly lower than that of individuals that are 18~60 years old (p < 0.01), and there was a positive relationship between serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. The investigation of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies and the peripheral hematological index may prompt and help understand the adaptive immune response of vaccination.
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28
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Hsu CM, Lacson EK, Manley HJ, Aweh GN, Miskulin D, Johnson D, Weiner DE. Seroresponse to Third Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 80:151-153. [PMID: 35378208 PMCID: PMC8972976 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo K Lacson
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dialysis Clinic Inc., Nashville, TN
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29
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Szebeni GJ, Gémes N, Honfi D, Szabó E, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, Nagy LI, Szekanecz Z, Puskás LG, Toldi G, Balog A. Humoral and Cellular Immunogenicity and Safety of Five Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases in Remission or With Low Disease Activity and in Healthy Controls: A Single Center Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846248. [PMID: 35432314 PMCID: PMC9008200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine-induced immunity is essential for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on humoral and cellular immunogenicity and safety of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) are limited. Methods A single center observational study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of the two-dose regimen of the BBIBP-CorV inactivated, Gam-COVID-Vac and AZD1222 adenovirus-based, and BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA-based vaccines in patients with RMDs (n = 89) compared with healthy controls (n = 74). Neutralizing anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) specific antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response were measured one and four months after the second vaccine dose in parallel with vaccination efficacy and safety. Results Disease-specific comparison showed that antibody response at four months was higher in spondylarthropathies compared to rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune RMDs. Risk factors for reduced immunogenicity included longer disease duration, positive immunoserological profile and anti-CD20 therapy of patients. The rate of positive anti-RBD antibody response for healthy controls versus patients after 4 months post vaccination was 69% vs. 55% for the inactivated viral vaccine BBIBP-CorV, 97% vs. 53% for the pooled data of adenovirus vector-based vaccines Gam-COVID-Vac and AZD1222, or 100% vs. 81% for the pooled data of mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Patients who received the Gam-COVID-Vac or mRNA-1273 vaccines had a higher proportion of TNF-α producing CD4+ T-cells upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation compared to the inactivated viral vaccine. Conclusion All five investigated vaccines were immunogenic in the majority of patients and healthy controls with variable antibody and T-cell response and an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J. Szebeni
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices, Kozarmisleny, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Honfi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Szabó
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Szeged, Hungary
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Toldi
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Attila Balog
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Agur T, Ben-Dor N, Herman-Edelstein M, Steinmetz T, Lichtenberg S, Schneider S, Yahav D, Rozen-Zvi B, Zingerman B. Longevity of Humoral Response Six Months Following BNT162b2 Vaccine in Dialysis Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:781888. [PMID: 35402451 PMCID: PMC8990786 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.781888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage kidney disease substantially increases the risk of severe COVID-19. However, despite early robust immunogenicity of the mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hemodialysis, the longevity of humoral response in this high-risk population is still unknown. Methods A prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the longevity of serologic response in patients with hemodialysis, compared with a control group, 6 months following the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We assessed antibody response by quantitative measurement of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein (anti-S1-RBD IgG). Study outcomes were defined as a seropositivity rate and log-transformed anti-S1-RBD IgG levels at 6 months, and the change in antibody levels between 3 and 6 months. Findings The cohort included 104 patients with hemodialysis and 84 controls. At a median time of 184 days (IQR, 183–188) following the second dose of the vaccine, 83/104 (79.8%) patients with hemodialysis maintained seropositivity for the anti-S1-RBD IgG level compared to 83/84 (98.8%) in the control group (p < 0.001). The log-transformed antibody level was significantly lower in the hemodialysis group (2.23 ± 0.39 log AU/ml vs. 2.69 ± 0.65 log AU/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). Older age and hypoalbuminemia were the only variables that were found to be associated with reduced log-transformed antibody levels in univariate and multivariate analysis. There was no interaction between dialysis status and an antibody-level decline rate (p = 0.972). Conclusion Among patients with hemodialysis, a seropositivity rate and anti-S1-RBD antibody titers were substantially reduced compared with a control group, at 6 months following the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. These findings support the prioritization of patients with hemodialysis for a third “booster” dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timna Agur
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Timna Agur,
| | - Naomi Ben-Dor
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Herman-Edelstein
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Steinmetz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Lichtenberg
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Benaya Rozen-Zvi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boris Zingerman
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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31
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Nairz M, Sahanic S, Pizzini A, Böhm A, Tymoszuk P, Mitterstiller AM, von Raffay L, Grubwieser P, Bellmann-Weiler R, Koppelstätter S, Schroll A, Haschka D, Zimmermann M, Blunder S, Trattnig K, Naschberger H, Klotz W, Theurl I, Petzer V, Gehrer C, Mindur JE, Luger A, Schwabl C, Widmann G, Weiss G, Löffler-Ragg J, Tancevski I, Sonnweber T. Quantity of IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein predicts pulmonary recovery from COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3677. [PMID: 35256646 PMCID: PMC8901626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CovILD study is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study to systematically follow up patients after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We extensively evaluated 145 COVID-19 patients at 3 follow-up visits scheduled for 60, 100, and 180 days after initial confirmed diagnosis based on typical symptoms and a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We employed comprehensive pulmonary function and laboratory tests, including serum concentrations of IgG against the viral spike (S) glycoprotein, and compared the results to clinical data and chest computed tomography (CT). We found that at the 60 day follow-up, 131 of 145 (90.3%) participants displayed S-specific serum IgG levels above the cut-off threshold. Notably, the highly elevated IgG levels against S glycoprotein positively correlated with biomarkers of immune activation and negatively correlated with pulmonary function and the extent of pulmonary CT abnormalities. Based on the association between serum S glycoprotein-specific IgG and clinical outcome, we generated an S-specific IgG-based recovery score that, when applied in the early convalescent phase, accurately predicted delayed pulmonary recovery after COVID-19. Therefore, we propose that S-specific IgG levels serve as a useful immunological surrogate marker for identifying at-risk individuals with persistent pulmonary injury who may require intensive follow-up care after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Koppelstätter
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Blunder
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Trattnig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helene Naschberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Klotz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Gehrer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Anna Luger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwabl
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Perkmann T, Mucher P, Perkmann-Nagele N, Radakovics A, Repl M, Koller T, Schmetterer KG, Bigenzahn JW, Leitner F, Jordakieva G, Wagner OF, Binder CJ, Haslacher H. The Comparability of Anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Tests is Time-Dependent: a Prospective Observational Study. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0140221. [PMID: 35196824 PMCID: PMC8865567 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01402-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Various commercial anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are used for studies and in clinical settings after vaccination. An international standard for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been established to achieve comparability of such tests, allowing conversions to BAU/mL. This study aimed to investigate the comparability of antibody tests regarding the timing of blood collection after vaccination. For this prospective observational study, antibody levels of 50 participants with homologous AZD1222 vaccination were evaluated at 3 and 11 weeks after the first dose and 3 weeks after the second dose using two commercial anti-Spike binding antibody assays (Roche and Abbott) and a surrogate neutralization assay. The correlation between Roche and Abbott changed significantly depending on the time point studied. Although Abbott provided values three times higher than Roche 3 weeks after the first dose, the values for Roche were twice as high as for Abbott 11 weeks after the first dose and 5 to 6 times higher at 3 weeks after the second dose. The comparability of quantitative anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests was highly dependent on the timing of blood collection after vaccination. Therefore, standardization of the timing of blood collection might be necessary for the comparability of different quantitative SARS-COV-2 antibody assays. IMPORTANCE This work showed that the comparability of apparently standardized SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (Roche, Abbott; both given in BAU/mL) after vaccination depends on the time of blood withdrawal. Initially (3 weeks after the first dose AZD1222), there were 3 times higher values in the Abbott assay, but this relationship inversed before boosting (11 weeks after the first dose) with Roche 2 times greater than Abbott. After the booster, Roche quantified ca. 5 times higher levels than Abbott. This must be considered by clinicians when interpreting SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mucher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Astrid Radakovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Repl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G. Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Florentina Leitner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald F. Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Rodríguez-Espinosa D, Montagud-Marrahi E, Cacho J, Arana C, Taurizano N, Hermida E, Del Risco-Zevallos J, Casals J, Rosario A, Cuadrado-Payán E, Molina-Andújar A, Rodríguez N, Vilella A, Bodro M, Ventura-Aguiar P, Revuelta I, Cofàn F, Poch E, Oppenheimer F, Vera M, Rodas LM, Cases A, Bayés B, Diekmann F, Maduell F, Broseta JJ, Cucchiari D. Incidence of severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated kidney transplant and haemodialysis patients. J Nephrol 2022; 35:769-778. [PMID: 35191008 PMCID: PMC8860282 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Given the increased COVID-19 observed in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and haemodialysis patients, several studies have tried to establish the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in these populations by evaluating their humoral and cellular responses. However, there is currently no information on clinical protection (deaths and hospitalizations), a gap that this study aims to fill. Methods Observational prospective study involving 1,336 KTRs and haemodialysis patients from three dialysis units affiliated to Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Spain, vaccinated with two doses of mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. The outcomes measured were SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed by a positive RT-PCR fourteen days after the second vaccine dose, hospital admissions derived from infection, and a severe COVID-19 composite outcome, defined as either ICU admission, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or death. Results Six per cent (18/302) of patients on haemodialysis were infected, of whom four required hospital admission (1.3%), only one (0.3%) had severe COVID-19, and none of them died. In contrast, 4.3% (44/1034) of KTRs were infected, and presented more hospital admissions (26 patients, 2.5%), severe COVID-19 (11 patients, 1.1%) or death (4 patients, 0.4%). KTRs had a significantly higher risk of hospital admission than HD patients, and this risk increased with age and male sex (HR 3.37 and 4.74, respectively). Conclusions The study highlights the need for booster doses in KTRs. In contrast, the haemodialysis population appears to have an adequate clinical response to vaccination, at least up to four months from its administration. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Montagud-Marrahi
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cacho
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolt Arana
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Taurizano
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelyn Hermida
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Fresenius Medical Care, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jimena Del Risco-Zevallos
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Casals
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anney Rosario
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cuadrado-Payán
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Molina-Andújar
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Vilella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bodro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Ventura-Aguiar
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Cofàn
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Poch
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Oppenheimer
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Vera
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lida M Rodas
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Cases
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriu Bayés
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Maduell
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Jesús Broseta
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Cucchiari
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Wiwe EF, Carlsson ER, Rasmussen CL, Rasmussen P, Ougaard R, Hansen SI, Schiøler T, Kristiansen S, Hansen YB, Hillig T. Long-Term Comparison of 7 SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assays in the North Zealand Covid-19 Cohort. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:711-726. [PMID: 35134936 PMCID: PMC8903407 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic numerous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody assays have been approved through Emergency Use Authorization and require further evaluation of sensitivity and specificity in clinical laboratory settings prior to implementation. Methods We included 1733 samples from 375 PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2–positive individuals of the North Zealand Covid-19 Cohort in an 8-month period. We investigated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity against consensus and PCR and interassay agreement over time for 5 SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays [Roche-nucleocapsid (NC)-total, Roche-receptor binding domain (RBD)-total, Siemens-RBD-IgG, Siemens-RBD-total, Thermo Fisher Scientific (TFS)-RBD-IgG] commercially available on automated platforms and 2 ELISA assays (TFS-RBD-total, Wantai-RBD-total). Results Early interassay discrepancy in up to 49% of samples decreased steadily during the first 18 days. By day 18, all assays had reached a plateau between 82.3% and 90.5% seropositivity compared to PCR. Assays ranked by closest agreement with the consensus model beyond day 18 (sensitivity/specificity against consensus) were as follows: Roche-RBD-total, 99.8%/100.0%; Wantai-RBD-total, 99.8%/99.7%; Roche-NC-total, 97.8%/100.0%; Siemens-RBD-total, 98.0%/98.7%; TFS-RBD-total, 96.9%/99.7%; TFS-RBD-IgG, 91.5%/100.0%; and Siemens-RBD-IgG, 94.6%/89.9%. We found that 7.8% of PCR-positive patients remained seronegative in all assays throughout the study. Conclusions All included assays had sensitivities against consensus >90% past day 18. For the current recommended use of antibody assays to detect former, undocumented Covid-19, our data suggest the use of total antibody assays rather than IgG-specific assays due to higher long-term sensitivity. Finally, a nonresponding subpopulation of 7.8% in our cohort with persistent seronegative results raises concern of a possible substantial number of people with continued low protection following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias F Wiwe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Elin R Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Pernille Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Robert Ougaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Steen I Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schiøler
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Søren Kristiansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Young B Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Thore Hillig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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35
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Borderline and weakly positive antibody levels against the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit limited agreement with virus neutralization titres. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100058. [PMID: 35262031 PMCID: PMC8651569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a large number of people is – besides cellular immunity – important to overcome the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While determination of neutralizing antibodies via virus neutralization tests are laborious, assays to determine the antibody levels serologically are fully automated and widely available. Correlations between these methodologies were recently given by the manufacturers, however performance in samples close to the cut off value have not yet been fully validated. Thus, we analysed 22 borderline and low positive (<100 BAU/ml) samples and 9 high positive (≥ 100 BAU/ml) from infected and/or vaccinated individuals and compared the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott), LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG (Diasorin), Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche), and SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Siemens) with results obtained from a virus neutralization test. Based on the cut off values given by Abbott, Diasorin, Roche, and Siemens, the positive serologic results were concordant with the virus neutralization test in 100%, 76%, 88%, and 71%, respectively, while in turn, negative ones were in agreement in 29%, 79%, 93%, and 86%, respectively. In conclusion, weakly positive, serologic results are challenging to correctly predict the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Our study suggests, that different cut off values (for positivity vs. presence of neutralizing antibodies) could improve the test's performance, but determination thereof requires more samples to be analysed.
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36
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Spitzer A, Angel Y, Marudi O, Zeltser D, Saiag E, Goldshmidt H, Goldiner I, Stark M, Halutz O, Gamzu R, Slobodkin M, Amrami N, Feigin E, Elbaz M, Furman M, Bronstein Y, Chikly A, Eshkol A, Furer V, Mayer T, Meijer S, Melloul A, Mizrahi M, Yakubovsky M, Rosenberg D, Safir A, Spitzer L, Taleb E, Elkayam O, Silberman A, Eviatar T, Elalouf O, Levinson T, Pozyuchenko K, Itzhaki-Alfia A, Sprecher E, Ben-Ami R, Henig O. Association of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine With Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Workers in Israel. JAMA 2022; 327:341-349. [PMID: 35006256 PMCID: PMC8749710 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Administration of a BNT162b2 booster dose (Pfizer-BioNTech) to fully vaccinated individuals aged 60 years and older was significantly associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness. Data are lacking on the effectiveness of booster doses for younger individuals and health care workers. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of a BNT162b2 booster dose with SARS-CoV-2 infections among health care workers who were previously vaccinated with a 2-dose series of BNT162b2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary medical center in Tel Aviv, Israel. The study cohort included 1928 immunocompetent health care workers who were previously vaccinated with a 2-dose series of BNT162b2, and had enrolled between August 8 and 19, 2021, with final follow-up reported through September 20, 2021. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed every 14 days. Anti-spike protein receptor binding domain IgG titers were determined at baseline and 1 month after enrollment. Cox regression with time-dependent analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios of SARS-CoV-2 infection between booster-immunized status and 2-dose vaccinated (booster-nonimmunized) status. EXPOSURES Vaccination with a booster dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 infection, as confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Among 1928 participants, the median age was 44 years (IQR, 36-52 years) and 1381 were women (71.6%). Participants completed the 2-dose vaccination series a median of 210 days (IQR, 205-213 days) before study enrollment. A total of 1650 participants (85.6%) received the booster dose. During a median follow-up of 39 days (IQR, 35-41 days), SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in 44 participants (incidence rate, 60.2 per 100 000 person-days); 31 (70.5%) were symptomatic. Five SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in booster-immunized participants and 39 in booster-nonimmunized participants (incidence rate, 12.8 vs 116 per 100 000 person-days, respectively). In a time-dependent Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection for booster-immunized vs booster-nonimmunized participants was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.02-0.20). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among health care workers at a single center in Israel who were previously vaccinated with a 2-dose series of BNT162b2, administration of a booster dose compared with not receiving one was associated with a significantly lower rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection over a median of 39 days of follow-up. Ongoing surveillance is required to assess durability of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Spitzer
- Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoel Angel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Intensive Care, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Physician Affairs, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Or Marudi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Zeltser
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esther Saiag
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Information Systems and Operations, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanoch Goldshmidt
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilana Goldiner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Stark
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ora Halutz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronni Gamzu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Slobodkin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine “D,” Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Amrami
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine “D,” Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eugene Feigin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine “D,” Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meital Elbaz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Furman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yotam Bronstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine “D,” Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amanda Chikly
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Eshkol
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Furer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Mayer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzy Meijer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Melloul
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine “D,” Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mizrahi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine “D,” Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yakubovsky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Rosenberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ari Safir
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Spitzer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Taleb
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Elkayam
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Silberman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Eviatar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofir Elalouf
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Levinson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Katia Pozyuchenko
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Itzhaki-Alfia
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Research and Development, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oryan Henig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Jochum S, Kirste I, Hortsch S, Grunert VP, Legault H, Eichenlaub U, Kashlan B, Pajon R. Clinical Utility of Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Assay in COVID-19 Vaccination: An Exploratory Analysis of the mRNA-1273 Phase 1 Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798117. [PMID: 35126362 PMCID: PMC8807632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to quantify an immune response after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential. This study assessed the clinical utility of the quantitative Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (ACOV2S) using samples from the 2019-nCoV vaccine (mRNA-1273) phase 1 trial (NCT04283461). Methods Samples from 30 healthy participants, aged 18–55 years, who received two injections with mRNA-1273 at a dose of 25 μg (n=15) or 100 μg (n=15), were collected at Days 1 (first vaccination), 15, 29 (second vaccination), 43 and 57. ACOV2S results (shown in U/mL – equivalent to BAU/mL per the first WHO international standard) were compared with results from ELISAs specific to antibodies against the Spike protein (S-2P) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) as well as neutralization tests including nanoluciferase (nLUC80), live-virus (PRNT80), and a pseudovirus neutralizing antibody assay (PsVNA50). Results RBD-specific antibodies were already detectable by ACOV2S at the first time point of assessment (d15 after first vaccination), with seroconversion before in all but two participants (25 μg dose group); all had seroconverted by Day 29. Across all post-baseline visits, geometric mean concentration of antibody levels was 3.27–7.48-fold higher in the 100 μg compared with the 25 μg dose group. ACOV2S measurements were highly correlated with those from RBD ELISA (Pearson’s r=0.938; p<0.0001) and S-2P ELISA (r=0.918; p<0.0001). For both ELISAs, heterogeneous baseline results and smaller increases in antibody levels following the second vs first vaccination compared with ACOV2S were observed. ACOV2S showed absence of any baseline noise indicating high specificity detecting vaccine-induced antibody response. Moderate–strong correlations were observed between ACOV2S and neutralization tests (nLUC80 r=0.933; PsVNA50, r=0.771; PRNT80, r=0.672; all p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusion The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (ACOV2S) can be regarded as a highly valuable method to assess and quantify the presence of RBD-directed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination and may indicate the presence of neutralizing antibodies. As a fully automated and standardized method, ACOV2S could qualify as the method of choice for consistent quantification of vaccine-induced humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jochum
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Simon Jochum, ; Rolando Pajon,
| | - Imke Kirste
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sayuri Hortsch
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Veit Peter Grunert
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Holly Legault
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Udo Eichenlaub
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Basel Kashlan
- Lab Operations, PPD, part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Highland Heights, KY, United States
| | - Rolando Pajon
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Simon Jochum, ; Rolando Pajon,
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Villalta D, Moratto A, Salgarolo V, Re MD, Giacomello R, Malipiero G. New-Generation Quantitative Immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection: Need for Harmonization. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:113-116. [PMID: 34374358 PMCID: PMC8368222 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Villalta
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Anna Moratto
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Valeria Salgarolo
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mirella Da Re
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomello
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giacomo Malipiero
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
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Liu W, Long X, Wan K, Yin M, Yin Y, Zhang B, Li L, Song Y. The endogenous factors affecting the detection of serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies by ELISA. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1976-1982. [PMID: 34967441 PMCID: PMC9015225 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate endogenous interference factors of the detection results of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgM/IgG. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in sera of 200 patients without COVID-19 infection, including rheumatoid factor (RF) positive group, antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive group, pregnant women group and normal senior group, with 50 in each group and 100 normal controls. The level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in pregnant women was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P = 0.000), but there was no significant difference between other groups. The levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in pregnant women group, normal senior group, ANA positive group and RF positive group were significantly higher than that in normal control group (P<0.05), with significant higher false positive rates in these groups (P = 0.036, P = 0.004, P = 0.000, vs normal control group). Serum RF caused SARS-CoV-2 IgM false-positive in concentration dependent manner, especially when its concentration was higher than 110.25 IU/L, and urea dissociation test can turn the false positive to negative. ANA, normal seniors, pregnant women and RF can lead to false-positive reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG detected using ELISA. These factors should be considered when SARS-CoV-2 IgM or IgG detection is positive, false positive samples caused by RF positive can be used for urea dissociation test. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Kexing Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Minggang Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaohui Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
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Malipiero G, Villalta D. Answer to the letter of Lippi & Plebani entitled "Not all SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody assays are created equal". Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:21-22. [PMID: 34958754 PMCID: PMC8709731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Malipiero
- Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Danilo Villalta
- Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy.
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41
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Lippi G, Plebani M. Not all SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody assays are created equal. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:81-82. [PMID: 34958752 PMCID: PMC8702590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
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Nam M, Seo JD, Moon HW, Kim H, Hur M, Yun YM. Evaluation of Humoral Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Using Two Binding Antibody Assays and a Neutralizing Antibody Assay. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0120221. [PMID: 34817223 PMCID: PMC8612149 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01202-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed and administered to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We assessed the humoral response of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 using Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG; cutoff of ≥1.0 U/ml), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (CoV-2 IgG II; cutoff of ≥50.0 AU/ml), and GenScript cPASS SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibody detection kits (cPASS; cutoff of ≥30% inhibition). We collected 710 serum samples (174 samples after BNT162b2 and 536 samples after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). Venous blood was obtained 3 weeks after first and second vaccinations. In both vaccines, sCOVG, CoV-2 IgG II, and cPASS showed a high seropositive rate (>95.7%) except for cPASS after the first vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (68.8%). Using sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II, the ratios of antibody value (second/first) increased 10.6- and 11.4-fold in BNT162b2 (first 14.1, second 134.8 U/ml; first 1,416.2, second 14,326.4 AU/ml) and 2.3- and 2.0-fold in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (first 4.0, second 9.1 U/ml; first 431.0, second 9,744.0 AU/ml). cPASS-positive results indicated a very high concordance rate with sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II (>98%), whereas cPASS-negative results showed a relatively low concordance rate (range of 22.2% to 66.7%). To predict cPASS positivity, we suggested additional cutoffs for sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II at 2.42 U/ml and 284 AU/ml, respectively. In conclusion, BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 evoked robust humoral responses. sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II showed a very strong correlation with cPASS. sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II may predict the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The Siemens severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG (sCOVG; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., NY, USA) and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (CoV-2 IgG II; Abbott Laboratories, Sligo, Ireland), which are automated, quantitative SARS-CoV-2-binding antibody assays, have been recently launched. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines using sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II and compare the quantitative values with the results of the GenScript surrogate virus neutralization test (cPASS; GenScript, USA Inc., NJ, USA). Our findings demonstrated that both BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicited a robust humoral response after the first vaccination and further increased after the second vaccination. sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II showed a strong correlation, and the concordance rates among sCOVG, CoV-2 IgG II, and cPASS were very high in the cPASS-positive results. The additional cutoff sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II could predict the results of cPASS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Do Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Broseta JJ, Rodríguez-Espinosa D, Bedini JL, Rodríguez N, Maduell F. Antibody maintenance 3 months after complete messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccination in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:2340-2341. [PMID: 34534347 PMCID: PMC8500012 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Broseta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Bedini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Maduell
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Murhekar MV, Bhatnagar T, Thangaraj JWV, Saravanakumar V, Santhosh Kumar M, Selvaraju S, Rade K, Kumar CPG, Sabarinathan R, Asthana S, Balachandar R, Bangar SD, Bansal AK, Bhat J, Chakraborty D, Chopra V, Das D, Devi KR, Dwivedi GR, Jain A, Khan SMS, Kumar MS, Laxmaiah A, Madhukar M, Mahapatra A, Ramesh T, Rangaraju C, Turuk J, Yadav S, Bhargava B. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among the general population and healthcare workers in India, June-July 2021: A population-based cross-sectional study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003877. [PMID: 34890407 PMCID: PMC8726494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND India began COVID-19 vaccination in January 2021, initially targeting healthcare and frontline workers. The vaccination strategy was expanded in a phased manner and currently covers all individuals aged 18 years and above. India experienced a severe second wave of COVID-19 during March-June 2021. We conducted a fourth nationwide serosurvey to estimate prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population aged ≥6 years and healthcare workers (HCWs). METHODS AND FINDINGS We did a cross-sectional study between 14 June and 6 July 2021 in the same 70 districts across 20 states and 1 union territory where 3 previous rounds of serosurveys were conducted. From each district, 10 clusters (villages in rural areas and wards in urban areas) were selected by the probability proportional to population size method. From each district, a minimum of 400 individuals aged ≥6 years from the general population (40 individuals from each cluster) and 100 HCWs from the district public health facilities were included. The serum samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against S1-RBD and nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 using chemiluminescence immunoassay. We estimated the weighted and test-adjusted seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, along with 95% CIs, based on the presence of antibodies to S1-RBD and/or nucleocapsid protein. Of the 28,975 individuals who participated in the survey, 2,892 (10%) were aged 6-9 years, 5,798 (20%) were aged 10-17 years, and 20,285 (70%) were aged ≥18 years; 15,160 (52.3%) participants were female, and 21,794 (75.2%) resided in rural areas. The weighted and test-adjusted prevalence of IgG antibodies against S1-RBD and/or nucleocapsid protein among the general population aged ≥6 years was 67.6% (95% CI 66.4% to 68.7%). Seroprevalence increased with age (p < 0.001) and was not different in rural and urban areas (p = 0.822). Compared to unvaccinated adults (62.3%, 95% CI 60.9% to 63.7%), seroprevalence was significantly higher among individuals who had received 1 vaccine dose (81.0%, 95% CI 79.6% to 82.3%, p < 0.001) and 2 vaccine doses (89.8%, 95% CI 88.4% to 91.1%, p < 0.001). The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies among 7,252 HCWs was 85.2% (95% CI 83.5% to 86.7%). Important limitations of the study include the survey design, which was aimed to estimate seroprevalence at the national level and not at a sub-national level, and the non-participation of 19% of eligible individuals in the survey. CONCLUSIONS Nearly two-thirds of individuals aged ≥6 years from the general population and 85% of HCWs had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by June-July 2021 in India. As one-third of the population is still seronegative, it is necessary to accelerate the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among adults and continue adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sriram Selvaraju
- ICMR–National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Kiran Rade
- WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Smita Asthana
- ICMR–National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Avi Kumar Bansal
- ICMR–National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Jyothi Bhat
- ICMR–National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | | | - Vishal Chopra
- State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, Patiala, India
| | - Dasarathi Das
- ICMR–Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Sunil Kumar
- State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Major Madhukar
- ICMR–Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | | | | | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- ICMR–Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Suresh Yadav
- ICMR–National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases, Jodhpur, India
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Igawa G, Yamamoto T, Baba Y, Shinozuka K, Yuri M, Wakita M, Misawa S, Miida T, Ai T, Tabe Y. Clinical Evaluation of Siemens SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody assay and IgG assay using the Dimension EXL 200 in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08393. [PMID: 34805572 PMCID: PMC8592641 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of the Siemens SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody assay (CV2T) and IgG assay (CV2G) that can detect antibodies against the receptor binding domain of S antigen in patients with COVID-19 in a Tokyo metropolitan area. METHODS Sensitivity and antibody levels were examined by CV2T and CV2G on Dimension EXL 200 using 236 serum samples obtained from 79 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients at multiple time points and were compared with disease severity by the World Health Organization criteria. The assay specificity was evaluated using samples collected before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The sensitivity of CV2T and CV2G were low (16.7-21.4%) in days 0-6 and increased to 43.8-52.5% in days 7-13 and to 80.8-90.0% in days 14-20. The seroprevalences persisted after day 21 to days past 42 regardless of disease severity. In every day grouping, mean antibody levels were higher in severe cases than in mild cases with a significant difference in days 14-20 and days 20-27. The specificity was 97.9 % (95% CI; 92.8-99.8) for CV2T and 99.0 % (95% CI; 94.6-100) for CV2G. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a high specificity and high sensitivity at 14 days of CV2T and CV2G as antibody detection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Igawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuna Baba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konomi Shinozuka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Yuri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wakita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Misawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Next Generation Hematology Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Evaluation of commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and comparison of standardized titers in vaccinated healthcare workers. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 60:e0174621. [PMID: 34705539 PMCID: PMC8769743 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01746-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the availability of vaccines, commercial assays detecting anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibodies (Ab) evolved toward quantitative assays directed to the spike glycoprotein or its receptor binding domain (RBD). The main objective of the present study was to compare the Ab titers obtained with quantitative commercial binding Ab assays, after one dose (convalescent individuals) or two doses (naive individuals) of vaccine, in health care workers (HCW). Antibody titers were measured in 255 sera (from 150 HCW) with five quantitative immunoassays (Abbott RBD IgG II quant, bioMérieux RBD IgG, DiaSorin Trimeric spike IgG, Siemens Healthineers RBD IgG, Wantai RBD IgG). One qualitative total antibody anti-RBD detection assay (Wantai) was used to detect previous infection before vaccination. The results are presented in binding Ab units (BAU)/mL after application, when possible, of a conversion factor provided by the manufacturers and established from a World Health Organization internal standard. There was a 100% seroconversion with all assays evaluated after two doses of vaccine. With assays allowing BAU/mL correction, Ab titers were correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient, ρ, range: 0.85–0.94). The titer differences varied by a mean of 10.6% between Siemens and bioMérieux assays to 60.9% between Abbott and DiaSorin assays. These results underline the importance of BAU conversion for the comparison of Ab titer obtained with the different quantitative assays. However, significant differences persist, notably, between kits detecting Ab against the different antigens. A true standardization of the assays would be to include the International Standard in the calibration of each assay to express the results in IU/mL.
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Jochum S, Kirste I, Hortsch S, Grunert VP, Legault H, Eichenlaub U, Kashlan B, Pajon R. Clinical utility of Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay in COVID-19 vaccination: An exploratory analysis of the mRNA-1273 phase 1 trial. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 34642699 PMCID: PMC8509092 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.04.21264521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The ability to quantify an immune response after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential. This study assessed the clinical utility of the quantitative Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (ACOV2S) using samples from the 2019-nCoV vaccine (mRNA-1273) phase 1 trial (NCT04283461). Methods Samples from 30 healthy participants, aged 18–55 years, who received two injections with mRNA-1273 at a dose of 25 μg (n=15) or 100 μg (n=15), were collected at Days 1 (first vaccination), 15, 29 (second vaccination), 43 and 57. ACOV2S results (shown in U/mL – equivalent to BAU/mL per the first WHO international standard) were compared with results from ELISAs specific to antibodies against the Spike protein (S-2P) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) as well as neutralization tests including nanoluciferase (nLUC80), live-virus (PRNT80), and a pseudovirus neutralizing antibody assay (PsVNA50). Results RBD-specific antibodies were already detectable by ACOV2S at the first time point of assessment (d15 after first vaccination), with seroconversion before in all but 2 participants (25 μg dose group); all had seroconverted by Day 29. Across all post-baseline visits, geometric mean concentration of antibody levels were 3.27–7.48-fold higher in the 100 μg compared with the 25 μg dose group. ACOV2S measurements were highly correlated with those from RBD ELISA (Pearson’s r=0.938; p<0.0001) and S-2P ELISA (r=0.918; p<0.0001). For both ELISAs, heterogeneous baseline results and smaller increases in antibody levels following the second vs first vaccination compared with ACOV2S were observed. ACOV2S showed absence of any baseline noise indicating high specificity detecting vaccine-induced antibody response. Moderate–strong correlations were observed between ACOV2S and neutralization tests (nLUC80 r=0.933; PsVNA50, r=0.771; PRNT80, r=0.672; all p≤0.0001). Conclusion The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (ACOV2S) can be regarded as a highly valuable method to assess and quantify the presence of RBD-directed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination, and may indicate the presence of neutralizing antibodies. As a fully automated and standardized method, ACOV2S could qualify as the method of choice for consistent quantification of vaccine-induced humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imke Kirste
- Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
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Peeters M, Verbruggen L, Teuwen L, Vanhoutte G, Vande Kerckhove S, Peeters B, Raats S, Van der Massen I, De Keersmaecker S, Debie Y, Huizing M, Pannus P, Neven K, Ariën KK, Martens GA, Van Den Bulcke M, Roelant E, Desombere I, Anguille S, Goossens M, Vandamme T, van Dam P. Reduced humoral immune response after BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 messenger RNA vaccination in cancer patients under antineoplastic treatment. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100274. [PMID: 34597941 PMCID: PMC8423808 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients undergoing treatment remain unclear. Patients and methods In this interventional prospective multicohort study, priming and booster doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine were administered 21 days apart to solid tumor patients receiving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted or hormonal therapy, and patients with a hematologic malignancy receiving rituximab or after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Vaccine safety and efficacy (until 3 months post-booster) were assessed. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody levels were followed over time (until 28 days after the booster) and in vitro SARS-CoV-2 50% neutralization titers (NT50) toward the wild-type Wuhan strain were analyzed 28 days after the booster. Results Local and systemic adverse events (AEs) were mostly mild to moderate (only 1%-3% of patients experienced severe AEs). Local, but not systemic, AEs occurred more frequently after the booster dose. Twenty-eight days after the booster vaccination of 197 cancer patients, RBD-binding antibody titers and NT50 were lower in the chemotherapy group {234.05 IU/ml [95% confidence interval (CI) 122.10-448.66] and 24.54 (95% CI 14.50-41.52), respectively} compared with healthy individuals [1844.93 IU/ml (95% CI 1383.57-2460.14) and 122.63 (95% CI 76.85-195.67), respectively], irrespective of timing of vaccination during chemotherapy cycles. Extremely low antibody responses were seen in hematology patients receiving rituximab; only two patients had RBD-binding antibody titers necessary for 50% protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (<200 IU/ml) and only one had NT50 above the limit of detection. During the study period, five cancer patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including a case of severe COVID-19 in a patient receiving rituximab, resulting in a 2-week hospital admission. Conclusion The BNT162b2 vaccine is well-tolerated in cancer patients under active treatment. However, the antibody response of immunized cancer patients was delayed and diminished, mainly in patients receiving chemotherapy or rituximab, resulting in breakthrough infections. The BNT162b2 vaccine is well-tolerated in cancer patients, including patients under immunotherapy. Full BNT162b2 vaccination results in a blunted humoral immune response in cancer patients under active treatment. The humoral immune response after BNT162b2 vaccination varies between different antineoplastic treatments. Two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination may insufficiently protect patients receiving chemotherapy or rituximab against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peeters
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - L Verbruggen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - L Teuwen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - G Vanhoutte
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - S Vande Kerckhove
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Service Immune response, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Peeters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - S Raats
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - I Van der Massen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - S De Keersmaecker
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Y Debie
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - P Pannus
- SD Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Neven
- SD Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - G A Martens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Delta General Hospital, Roeselare, Belgium
| | | | - E Roelant
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC), CRC Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; StatUa, Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - I Desombere
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Service Immune response, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Anguille
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Goossens
- SD Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Vandamme
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - P van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Broseta JJ, Rodríguez-Espinosa D, Rodríguez N, Mosquera MDM, Marcos MÁ, Egri N, Pascal M, Soruco E, Bedini JL, Bayés B, Maduell F. Humoral and Cellular Responses to mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Administered to Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 78:571-581. [PMID: 34174364 PMCID: PMC8223037 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Patients with kidney failure who are receiving maintenance dialysis have a higher risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and worse clinical outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population. Therefore, immunization against SARS-CoV-2 with effective vaccines is an important component of health-maintenance strategies for these patients. This study evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to messenger RNA (mRNA) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in this population. STUDY DESIGN Observational prospective multicenter cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 205 patients treated at 3 dialysis units at the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (Spain) were vaccinated from February 3 to April 4, 2021, and followed until April 23, 2021. EXPOSURE Immunization with either the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. OUTCOME Seroconversion, defined as the detection of IgG antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the S1 spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S1-RBD IgG), and the identification of activated CD4+T cells 3 weeks after completing vaccination. Anti-S1-RBD IgG levels were also analyzed as a secondary outcome. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Univariate and multivariable logistic and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between vaccination and study outcomes. RESULTS We found that 97.7% of 175 vaccinated patients who were seronegative at baseline developed a response (humoral, cellular, or both); 95.4% of these patients seroconverted, while 62% of those tested for cellular immunity had a positive response. Greater age and immunosuppressive treatment were associated with lower antibody levels. LIMITATIONS Mandatory vaccine administration by health authorities. Anti-S1-RBD IgG levels were reported up to 150U/mL and cellular immune responses were characterized qualitatively. Antibody assay and cellular response assessment may not be comparable with previously published laboratory approaches. CONCLUSIONS Immunization with mRNA vaccines generated a humoral and cellular immune response in a high proportion of patients with kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis. These findings as well as the high risk of infection and poor clinical outcomes among these patients make their vaccination a health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Broseta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Egri
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erica Soruco
- Diverum Renal Services Haemodialysis Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Bedini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriu Bayés
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Maduell
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Psichogiou M, Karabinis A, Poulakou G, Antoniadou A, Kotanidou A, Degiannis D, Pavlopoulou ID, Chaidaroglou A, Roussos S, Mastrogianni E, Eliadi I, Basoulis D, Petsios K, Leontis K, Kakalou E, Protopapas K, Jahaj E, Pratikaki M, Syrigos KN, Lagiou P, Gogas H, Tsiodras S, Magiorkinis G, Paraskevis D, Sypsa V, Hatzakis A. Comparative Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine with Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1017. [PMID: 34579254 PMCID: PMC8471735 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BNT162b2 has proven to be highly effective, but there is a paucity of data regarding immunogenicity factors and comparison between response to vaccination and natural infection. This study included 871 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) and 181 patients with natural infection. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 against the RBD domain of the spike protein (anti-RBD). Samples were collected 1-2 weeks after vaccination or 15-59 days post-onset of symptoms. Post-vaccine anti-RBD concentrations were associated with age, gender, vaccination side-effects (VSE) and prior infection (Pr-CoV). Anti-RBD median levels (95%CI) were lower by 2466 (651-5583), 6228 (3254-9203) and 7651 (4479-10,823) AU/mL in 35-44, 45-54, 55-70 yrs, respectively, compared with the 18-34 yrs group. In females, the median levels were higher by 2823 (859-4787), 5024 (3122-6926) in individuals with VSE, and 9971 (5158-14,783) AU/mL in HCWs with Pr-CoV. The ratio of anti-RBD in vaccinated individuals versus those with natural infection varied from 1.0 to 19.4. The high immunogenicity of BNT162b2 is verified, although its sustainability has yet to be elucidated. The use of comparative data from natural infection serological panels, expressing the clinical heterogeneity of natural infection, may facilitate early decisions for candidate vaccines to be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Psichogiou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.M.); (I.E.); (D.B.); (H.G.)
| | - Andreas Karabinis
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (D.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Garyphallia Poulakou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (K.N.S.)
| | - Anastasia Antoniadou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (K.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Degiannis
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (D.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Ioanna D. Pavlopoulou
- Pediatric Research Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Sotirios Roussos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.R.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (D.P.); (V.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Elpida Mastrogianni
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.M.); (I.E.); (D.B.); (H.G.)
| | - Irene Eliadi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.M.); (I.E.); (D.B.); (H.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Basoulis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.M.); (I.E.); (D.B.); (H.G.)
| | | | - Konstantinos Leontis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (K.N.S.)
| | - Eleni Kakalou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (K.N.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Protopapas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (K.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Edison Jahaj
- 1st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Pratikaki
- 1st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (K.N.S.)
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.R.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (D.P.); (V.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.M.); (I.E.); (D.B.); (H.G.)
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (K.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.R.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (D.P.); (V.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.R.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (D.P.); (V.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Vana Sypsa
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.R.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (D.P.); (V.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.R.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (D.P.); (V.S.); (A.H.)
- Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS, Sexually Transmitted and Emerging Diseases, 11527 Athens, Greece
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