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Pravednikova AE, Nikitich A, Witkowicz A, Karabon L, Flouris AD, Vliora M, Nintou E, Dinas PC, Szulińska M, Bogdański P, Metsios GS, Kerchev VV, Yepiskoposyan L, Bylino OV, Larina SN, Shulgin B, Shidlovskii YV. Genotypes of the UCP1 gene polymorphisms and cardiometabolic diseases: A multifactorial study of association with disease probability. Biochimie 2024; 218:162-173. [PMID: 37863280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are complex disorders with a heterogenous phenotype, which are caused by multiple factors including genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs45539933 (p.Ala64Thr), rs10011540 (c.-112A>C), rs3811791 (c.-1766A>G), and rs1800592 (c.-3826A>G) in the UCP1 gene have been analyzed for association with CMDs in many studies providing controversial results. However, previous studies only considered individual UCP1 SNPs and did not evaluate them in an integrated manner, which is a more powerful approach to uncover genetic component of complex diseases. This study aimed to investigate associations between UCP1 genotype combinations and CMDs or CMD risk factors in the context of non-genetic factors. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis and proposed new methodology of testing different combinations of SNP genotypes. We found that probability of CMDs increased in presence of the three-SNP combination of genotypes with minor alleles of c.-3826A>G and p.Ala64Thr and wild allele of c.-112A>C, with increasing age, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and may differ between sexes and between countries. The combination of genotypes with c.-3826A>G minor allele and wild homozygotes of c.-112A>C and p.Ala64Thr was associated with increased probability of diabetes. While combination of genotypes with minor alleles of all three SNPs reduced the CMD probability. The present results suggest that age, BMI, sex, and UCP1 three-SNP combinations of genotypes significantly contribute to CMD probability. Varying of c.-112A>C alleles in the genotype combination with minor alleles of c.-3826A>G and p.Ala64Thr markedly changes CMD probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Pravednikova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonina Nikitich
- Center for Mathematical Modeling in Drug Development, Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modeling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Agata Witkowicz
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Eleni Nintou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Petros C Dinas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - George S Metsios
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Victor V Kerchev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Levon Yepiskoposyan
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Oleg V Bylino
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Larina
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Shulgin
- Center for Mathematical Modeling in Drug Development, Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modeling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Mathematical Modeling, Institute of Computer Science and Mathematical Modeling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulii V Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Dinas PC, Nintou E, Vliora M, Pravednikova AE, Sakellariou P, Witkowicz A, Kachaev ZM, Kerchev VV, Larina SN, Cotton J, Kowalska A, Gkiata P, Bargiota A, Khachatryan ZA, Hovhannisyan AA, Antonosyan MA, Margaryan S, Partyka A, Bogdanski P, Szulinska M, Kregielska-Narozna M, Czepczyński R, Ruchała M, Tomkiewicz A, Yepiskoposyan L, Karabon L, Shidlovskii Y, Metsios GS, Flouris AD. Prevalence of uncoupling protein one genetic polymorphisms and their relationship with cardiovascular and metabolic health. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266386. [PMID: 35482655 PMCID: PMC9049362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contribution of UCP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to susceptibility for cardiometabolic pathologies (CMP) and their involvement in specific risk factors for these conditions varies across populations. We tested whether UCP1 SNPs A-3826G, A-1766G, Ala64Thr and A-112C are associated with common CMP and their risk factors across Armenia, Greece, Poland, Russia and United Kingdom. This case-control study included genotyping of these SNPs, from 2,283 Caucasians. Results were extended via systematic review and meta-analysis. In Armenia, GA genotype and A allele of Ala64Thr displayed ~2-fold higher risk for CMP compared to GG genotype and G allele, respectively (p<0.05). In Greece, A allele of Ala64Thr decreased risk of CMP by 39%. Healthy individuals with A-3826G GG genotype and carriers of mutant allele of A-112C and Ala64Thr had higher body mass index compared to those carrying other alleles. In healthy Polish, higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was observed in heterozygotes A-3826G compared to AA homozygotes. Heterozygosity of A-112C and Ala64Thr SNPs was related to lower WHR in CMP individuals compared to wild type homozygotes (p<0.05). Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant odds-ratios across our SNPs (p>0.05). Concluding, the studied SNPs could be associated with the most common CMP and their risk factors in some populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros C. Dinas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
- Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Nintou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Anna E. Pravednikova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Paraskevi Sakellariou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Agata Witkowicz
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zaur M. Kachaev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Kerchev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Larina
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - James Cotton
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paraskevi Gkiata
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, Larissa University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zaruhi A. Khachatryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anahit A. Hovhannisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mariya A. Antonosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sona Margaryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Partyka
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Pawel Bogdanski
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Szulinska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Matylda Kregielska-Narozna
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Czepczyński
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Tomkiewicz
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Levon Yepiskoposyan
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lidia Karabon
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yulii Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Metsios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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Pravednikova AE, Shevchenko SY, Kerchev VV, Skhirtladze MR, Larina SN, Kachaev ZM, Egorov AD, Shidlovskii YV. Association of uncoupling protein (Ucp) gene polymorphisms with cardiometabolic diseases. Mol Med 2020; 26:51. [PMID: 32450815 PMCID: PMC7249395 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary aspect of obesity is a major focus of modern medical genetics. The genetic background is known to determine a higher-than-average prevalence of obesity in certain regions, like Oceania. There is evidence that dysfunction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A significant number of studies in the field focus on the UCP family. The Ucp genes code for electron transport carriers. UCP1 (thermogenin) is the most abundant protein of the UCP superfamily and is expressed in BAT, contributing to its capability of generating heat. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Ucp1-Ucp3 were recently associated with risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This review covers the main Ucp SNPs A-3826G, A-1766G, A-112C, Met229Leu, Ala64Thr (Ucp1), Ala55Val, G-866A (Ucp2), and C-55 T (Ucp3), which may be associated with the development of obesity, disturbance in lipid metabolism, T2D, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Pravednikova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Kerchev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manana R. Skhirtladze
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Larina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaur M. Kachaev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Morentin Gutierrez P, Yates J, Nilsson C, Birtles S. Evolving data analysis of an Oral Lipid Tolerance Test toward the standard for the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Cross species modeling effects of AZD7687 on plasma triacylglycerol. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00465. [PMID: 30899516 PMCID: PMC6408865 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to describe the time course of plasma triglyceride (TAG) after Oral Lipid Tolerance Test (OLTT) and the effects of AZD7687, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), in humans, rats, and mice. Pharmacokinetic and plasma TAG data were obtained both in animals and in two phase I OLTT studies. In the PK/PD model, the introduction of exogenous TAG is represented by a first order process. The endogenous production and removal of TAG from plasma are described with a turnover model. AZD7687 inhibits the contribution of exogenous TAG into circulation. One or two compartment models with first order absorption was used to describe the PK of AZD7687 for the different species. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling was used to fit the model to the data. The effects of AZD7687 on the plasma TAG time course during an OLTT as well as interindividual variability were well described by the model in all three species. Meal fat content or data from single vs repeated dosing did not affect model parameter estimates. Body mass index was found to be a significant covariate on the plasma TAG baseline. The system parameters of the model will facilitate analysis for other compounds and provide tools to bring the standard of OLTT data analysis closer to the analyses of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test data maximizing knowledge gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Yates
- AstraZeneca R&DIMEDDMPKChesterford Science ParkUK
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Demidowich AP, Jun JY, Yanovski JA. Polymorphisms and mutations in the melanocortin-3 receptor and their relation to human obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2468-2476. [PMID: 28363697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the melanocortin 3 receptor (Mc3r) have been described as causing obesity in mice, but the physiologic effects of MC3R mutations in humans have been less clear. Here we review the MC3R polymorphisms and mutations identified in humans, and the in vitro, murine, and human cohort studies examining their putative effects. Some, but not all, studies suggest that the common human MC3R variant T6K+V81I, as well as several other rare, function-altering mutations, are associated with greater adiposity and hyperleptinemia with altered energy partitioning. In vitro, the T6K+V81I variant appears to decrease MC3R expression and therefore cAMP generation in response to ligand binding. Knockin mouse studies confirm that the T6K+V81I variant increases feeding efficiency and the avidity with which adipocytes derived from bone or adipose tissue stem cells store triglycerides. Other MC3R mutations occur too infrequently in the human population to make definitive conclusions regarding their clinical effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Melanocortin Receptors - edited by Ya-Xiong Tao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joo Yun Jun
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Flouris AD, Shidlovskii YV, Shaposhnikov AV, Yepiskoposyan L, Nadolnik L, Karabon L, Kowalska A, Carrillo AE, Metsios GS, Sakellariou P. Role of UCP1 Gene Variants in Interethnic Differences in the Development of Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Front Genet 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28194159 PMCID: PMC5277005 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) comprise a cluster of risk factors that contribute to chronic pathological conditions with adverse consequences for cardiovascular function and metabolic processes. A wide range of CMD prevalence rates among different ethnic groups has been documented. In view of accumulated evidence, there is a trend toward increasing CMD prevalence rates in Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Numerous studies have revealed an association between uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene variants and CMDs. UCP1 activity is essential for brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis. Experimental animal studies and epidemiological studies in humans highlight the significance of BAT-mediated thermogenesis in protecting against obesity and maintaining a lean phenotype. We hypothesize that the genetic variation in UCP1 gene expression observed among different ethnic groups could contribute to the ethnic-specific predisposition to CMD development. Constructing such prevalence maps of UCP1 gene variants could contribute significantly into identifying high-risk ethnic groups predisposed to the development of CMDs, and further shaping public health policies by the improvement of existing preventive and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Trikala, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Liliya Nadolnik
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds - National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Grodno, Belarus
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy - Polish Academy of Sciences Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy - Polish Academy of Sciences Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- FAME Laboratory, Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology HellasTrikala, Greece; Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, PittsburghPA, USA
| | - George S Metsios
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, Wolverhampton University Walsall, UK
| | - Paraskevi Sakellariou
- FAME Laboratory, Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Trikala, Greece
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Li YY. Genetic and epigenetic variants influencing the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6546-51. [PMID: 23236228 PMCID: PMC3516206 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common worldwide. The importance of genetic and epigenetic changes in etiology and pathogenesis of NAFLD has been increasingly recognized. However, the exact mechanism is largely unknown. A large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to NAFLD has been documented by candidate gene studies (CGSs). Among these genes, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ, adiponectin, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α were frequently reported. Since the introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), there have been significant advances in our understanding of genomic variations of NAFLD. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing family member A3 (PNPLA3, SNP rs738409, encoding I148M), also termed adiponutrin, has caught most attention. The evidence that PNPLA3 is associated with increased hepatic fat levels and hepatic inflammation has been validated by a series of studies. Epigenetic modification refers to phenotypic changes caused by an adaptive mechanism unrelated to alteration of primary DNA sequences. Epigenetic regulation mainly includes microRNAs (miRs), DNA methylation, histone modifications and ubiquitination, among which miRs are studied most extensively. miRs are small natural single stranded RNA molecules regulating mRNA degradation or translation inhibition, subsequently altering protein expression of target genes. The miR-122, a highly abundant miR accounting for nearly 70% of all miRs in the liver, is significantly under-expressed in NAFLD subjects. Inhibition of miR-122 with an antisense oligonucleotide results in decreased mRNA expression of lipogenic genes and improvement of liver steatosis. The investigation into epigenetic involvement in NAFLD pathogenesis is just at the beginning and needs to be refined. This review summarizes the roles of genetics and epigenetics in the development of NAFLD. The progress made in this field may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD management.
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Zhou YJ, Li YY, Nie YQ, Yang H, Zhan Q, Huang J, Shi SL, Lai XB, Huang HL. Influence of polygenetic polymorphisms on the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of Chinese people. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:772-7. [PMID: 20492333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of polygenetic polymorphisms, which play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, on the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of Chinese people. METHODS The subjects were selected from an epidemiological survey in the Guangdong province of southern China. In each polymorphism study, 50-117 subjects who met the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD and had typical clinical and ultrasonographic findings were placed into the case group. Using a nested case-control design, the same numbers of matched people without NAFLD were included as controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at nine positions in seven candidate genes were tested. These SNP were found to be associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Genetic analyses were performed using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied to detect SNP. RESULTS Most candidate genes' SNP were associated with susceptibility to NAFLD. Some showed positive relationships (increased risk): tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238, adiponectin-45, leptin-2548, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-161 and phosphatidyletha-nolamine N-methyltransferase-175. Other SNP demonstrated a negative association (decreased risk): adiponectin-276 and hepatic lipase-514. Only two were not associated: tumor necrosis factor-alpha-380 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma co-activator-1alpha-482. CONCLUSION Most candidate genes' SNP examined in metabolic syndrome patients were associated with susceptibility to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
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Zawodniak-Szałapska M, Stawerska R, Brzeziańska E, Pastuszak-Lewandoska D, Lukamowicz J, Cypryk K, Lewiński A. Association of Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3-adrenergic receptor with insulin resistance in Polish children with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2008; 21:147-54. [PMID: 18422027 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2008.21.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish the influence of the Trp64Arg variant of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (Trp64Arg- beta3AR) on body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR) in obese children. METHODS BMI, presence of the Trp64Arg mutation, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and IR were determined in 60 obese and 33 normal weight children. RESULTS The frequency of Trp64Arg was similar in normal weight and obese children. BMI, glucose and insulin concentrations during an OGTT in children with Trp64Argbeta3AR were not different from those with Trp64Trpbeta3AR. IR was confirmed in 42.8% of children with Trp64Argbeta3AR and in 45.6% of children with Trp64Trpbeta3AR (NS). CONCLUSIONS 1. The similar frequency of the Trp64Argbeta3AR variant in normal weight and obese children suggests that it is not a susceptibility gene for obesity in Polish children. 2. The presence of the Trp64Argbeta3AR variant does not have an unfavourable influence on BMI, glucose or insulin concentrations during OGTT or on IR frequency in Polish obese children.
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Rosado EL, Bressan J, Martins MF, Cecon PR, Martínez JA. Polymorphism in the PPARgamma2 and beta2-adrenergic genes and diet lipid effects on body composition, energy expenditure and eating behavior of obese women. Appetite 2007; 49:635-43. [PMID: 17658197 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of polymorphism in the PPARgamma2 and beta2-adrenergic genes and diet lipids on body composition, energy expenditure and eating behavior of obese women, 60 subjects were submitted to anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, molecular, basal and postprandial metabolism (indirect calorimetry) and eating behavior (visual analog scale) evaluation. Fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) high diet was used to assess postprandial metabolism. The frequency of Pro12Pro/Gln27Gln, Pro12Pro/Gln27Glu, Pro12Pro/Glu27Glu and Pro12Ala/Gln27Glu genotypes was 35.71%, 30.37%, 23.21% and 10.71%, respectively. These values were not significant (p>0.05) for the dietary, anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic parameters. The Pro12Ala/Gln27Glu group was found to present greater energy used in postprandial period (EUPP). The presence of the PPARgamma2 gene variant, independent of beta2-adrenergic gene polymorphism, resulted in fat oxidation increase. Also, this group presented higher satiety, compared to the Pro12Pro/Gln27Gln group. The presence of the variant alleles in the PPARgamma2 gene suggests benefits in food intake control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Lopes Rosado
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brigadeiro Trompowski S/N, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-590, Brazil.
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Abstract
The insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome is characterised by the variable coexistence of hyperinsulinaemia, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. The pathogenesis of the syndrome has multiple origins, but obesity and sedentary lifestyle coupled with diet and still largely unknown genetic factors clearly interact to produce the syndrome. Dyslipidaemia, the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome, includes increased flux of free fatty acids, raised triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and small dense low density lipoprotein, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The widely prevalent nature of the metabolic syndrome emphasises the importance of its diagnosis and treatment. This review analyses the clinical and dynamic features of this syndrome in the aspect of dyslipidaemia and its management.
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