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Liu TY, Fu X, Yang Y, Gu J, Xiao M, Li DJ. Synergistic Effects of Glutamine Deprivation and Metformin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11596-024-2913-z. [PMID: 39096478 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metabolic reprogramming of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells is a compensatory adaptation to meet energy requirements for rapid proliferation. This study aimed to examine the synergistic effects of glutamine deprivation and metformin exposure on AML cells. METHODS SKM-1 cells (an AML cell line) were subjected to glutamine deprivation and/or treatment with metformin or bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES, a glutaminase inhibitor) or cytarabine. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by flow cytometry. Western blotting was conducted to examine the levels of apoptotic proteins, including cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, the human long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) microarray was used to analyze gene expression after glutamine deprivation, and results were confirmed with quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) was suppressed using siRNA. Cell growth and apoptosis were further detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively, in cells with MT2A knockdown. RESULTS Glutamine deprivation or treatment with BPTES inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells. The lncRNA microarray result showed that the expression of MT family genes was significantly upregulated after glutamine deprivation. MT2A knockdown increased apoptosis, while proliferation was not affected in SKM-1 cells. In addition, metformin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells. Both glutamine deprivation and metformin enhanced the sensitivity of SKM-1 cells to cytarabine. Furthermore, the combination of glutamine deprivation with metformin exhibited synergistic antileukemia effects on SKM-1 cells. CONCLUSION Targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with metformin is a promising new therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Deng-Ju Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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2
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Jalali F, Fakhari F, Sepehr A, Zafari J, Sarajar BO, Sarihi P, Jafarzadeh E. Synergistic anticancer effects of doxorubicin and metformin combination therapy: A systematic review. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101946. [PMID: 38636389 PMCID: PMC11040171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Doxorubicin (DOX) a chemotherapy drug often leads to the development of resistance, in cancer cells after prolonged treatment. Recent studies have suggested that using metformin plus doxorubicin could result in synergic effects. This study focuses on exploring the co-treat treatment of doxorubicin and metformin for various cancers. METHOD Following the PRISMA guidelines we conducted a literature search using different databases such as Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar until July 2023. We selected search terms based on the objectives of this study. After screening a total of 30 articles were included. RESULTS The combination of doxorubicin and metformin demonstrated robust anticancer effects, surpassing the outcomes of monotherapy drug treatment. In vitro experiments consistently demonstrated inhibition of cancer cell growth and increased rates of cell death. Animal studies confirmed substantial reductions in tumor growth and improved survival rates, emphasizing the synergistic impact of the combined therapy. The research' discoveries collectively emphasize the capability of the co-treat doxorubicin-metformin as a compelling approach in cancer treatment, highlighting its potential to address medicate resistance and upgrade generally helpful results. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that the combined treatment regimen including doxorubicin and metformin has significant promise in fighting cancer. The observed synergistic effects suggest that this combination therapy could be valuable, in a setting. This study highlights the need for clinical research to validate and enhance the application of the doxorubicin metformin regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshtehsadat Jalali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fakhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrah Sepehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Omidi Sarajar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Sarihi
- Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Popović DJ, Popović KJ, Miljković D, Popović JK, Lalošević D, Poša M, Dolićanin Z, Čapo I. Diclofenac and metformin synergistic dose dependent inhibition of hamster fibrosarcoma, rescued with mebendazole. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115528. [PMID: 37738800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether combinig diclofenac and metformin in doses equivalent to human doses would synergize their anticancer activity on fibrosarcoma inoculated to hamsters and in vitro. Rescue experiment was performed to examine whether the prosurvival NF-κB stimulation by mebendazole can reverse anticancer effects of the treatment. BHK-21/C13 cell culture was subcutaneously inoculated to Syrian golden hamsters randomly divided into groups (6 animals per group): 1) untreated control; treated daily with 2) diclofenac; 3) metformin; 4) combinations of diclofenac and metformin at various doses; 5) combination of diclofenac, metformin and mebendazole; 6) mebendazole. Dose response curves were made for diclofenac and metformin combination. Tumor growth kinetics, biophysical, pathological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of excised tumors and hamster organs as well as biochemical and hematological blood tests were compared among the groups. Single treatments had no anticancer effects. Diclofenac (60 mg/kg/day) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) synergistic inhibitory effect with metformin (500 mg/kg/day) on all tumor growth parameters, without toxicity and influence on biochemical and hematological blood tests. The same results were obtained with double doses of diclofenac and metformin combination. The addition of mebendazole to the diclofenac and metformin combination rescued tumor expansion. Furthermore, diclofenac with metformin demonstrated antiproliferative effects in hamster fibrosarcoma BHK-21/C13, human lung carcinoma A549 (CCL-185), colon carcinoma HT-29 (HTB-38) and cervical carcinoma HeLa (CCL-2) cell cultures, with markedly lower cytotoxicity in the normal fetal lung MRC-5 cells. In conclusion, diclofenac and metformin combination may be recommended for potential use in oncology, due to synergistic anticancer effect in doses achievable in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica J Popović
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Kosta J Popović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan K Popović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Academy of Medical Sciences of the Serbian Medical Society, 19 George Washington str.,11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dušan Lalošević
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihalj Poša
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolićanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Esam Z, Akhavan M, Mirshafa A, Bekhradnia A. Green synthesis, anti-proliferative evaluation, docking, and MD simulations studies of novel 2-piperazinyl quinoxaline derivatives using hercynite sulfaguanidine-SA as a highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25229-25245. [PMID: 37622018 PMCID: PMC10445084 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the immobilization of sulfaguanidine-SA on the surface of FeAl2O4 (hercynite) MNPs (magnetic nanoparticles) as a novel acid nanocatalyst has been successfully reported for the synthesis of 2-(piperazin-1-yl) quinoxaline derivatives via a one-pot multiple-component reaction under green conditions. The products were characterized by SEM, TEM, TGA, EDS, BET technique, VSM, and FTIR. This series of novel 2-piperazinyl quinoxaline derivatives containing isatin-based thio/semicarbazones and/or Schiff bases of Metformin were evaluated for anticancer activity against both human ovarian and colon-derived tumor cell lines by MTT colorimetric assay. Although most of the investigated hybrid compounds exhibited excellent anti-proliferative activities and high selectivity index (SI) values, the promising compounds N'-[4-(quinoxaline-2-yl)-piperazine-1-yl]methyl-5-chloro-1-H-indole,2,3-dion-3-metformin 4c and N'-[4-(quinoxaline-2-yl)-piperazine-1-yl]methyl-5-bromo-1-H-indole,2,3-dion-3-metformin 4b proved to be the most potent anti-proliferative agents (IC50 values < 1 μM). Molecular docking and dynamics simulation suggest that these hybrid compounds can be wrapped in the catalytic cavity of c-Kit tyrosine kinase receptor and the binding pocket of P-glycoprotein with high scores. Thus, 2-piperazinyl quinoxaline linked isatin-based N-Mannich bases of metformin and/or thio/semicarbazones might be served as suitable candidates for further investigations to develop a new generation of multi-target cancer chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Esam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Malihe Akhavan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Atefeh Mirshafa
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Ramsar Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Bekhradnia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
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Rosidi B, Priyatno D, Putra TP, Yusuf I. Metformin Induces a Caspase 3-Unrelated Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines HCT116 and SW620. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:475-485. [PMID: 37312884 PMCID: PMC10259592 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s385278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effects of metformin on the proliferation and growth of human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620. Materials and Methods The antiproliferative effect of metformin was assayed using an MTS reagent and its ability to inhibit colony formation was demonstrated using a clonogenic assay. Flow cytometry using YO-PRO-1/PI was performed to examine the effects of metformin on apoptosis and cell death of HCT116 and SW620. Caspase 3 activities were measured in caspase-3 activity tests using a caspase-3 activity kit. Furthermore, Western blots were performed with anti-PARP1, anti-caspase 3, and anti-cleaved caspase 3 to confirm whether caspase activation was present or not. Results Both MTS proliferation assays and clonogenic assays showed that metformin inhibited the proliferation and growth of HCT116 and SW620 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis identified early apoptosis and metformin-induced cell death in both cell lines. However, caspase 3 activity could not be detected. Cleavage of both PARP1 and pro-caspase 3 was not observed in the Western blot, confirming the absence of caspase 3 activations. Conclusion This present study suggests a caspase 3-unrelated apoptosis mechanism of metformin-induced cell death in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bustanur Rosidi
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Diana Priyatno
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Pribadi Putra
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Yusuf
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhou L, Chen B. Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020250. [PMID: 36830619 PMCID: PMC9953052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) mainly include acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other heterogeneous tumors that seriously threaten human life and health. The common effective treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which have limited options and are prone to tumor recurrence and (or) drug resistance. Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, studies identified the potential anti-cancer ability of metformin in both T2DM patients and patients that are non-diabetic. The latest epidemiological and preclinical studies suggested a potential benefit of metformin in the prevention and treatment of patients with HM. The mechanism may involve the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by metformin as well as other AMPK-independent pathways to exert anti-cancer properties. In addition, combining current conventional anti-cancer drugs with metformin may improve the efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, metformin can also be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HM. This paper highlights the anti-hyperglycemic effects and potential anti-cancer effects of metformin, and also compiles the in vitro and clinical trials of metformin as an anti-cancer and chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of HM. The need for future research on the use of metformin in the treatment of HM is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8327-2006
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Metformin Induces Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer (PC) Cells Accompanied by Changes in the Levels of Histone Acetyltransferases (Particularly, p300/CBP-Associated Factor (PCAF) Protein Levels). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010115. [PMID: 36678613 PMCID: PMC9863441 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence (mainly from experimental research) suggests that metformin possesses anticancer properties through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. However, its effect on the enzymes responsible for histone acetylation status, which plays a key role in carcinogenesis, remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of metformin on histone acetyltransferases (HATs) (i.e., p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), p300, and CBP) and on histone deacetylases (HDACs) (i.e., SIRT-1 in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines, 1.2B4, and PANC-1). The cells were exposed to metformin, an HAT inhibitor (HATi), or a combination of an HATi with metformin for 24, 48, or 72 h. Cell viability was determined using an MTT assay, and the percentage of early apoptotic cells was determined with an Annexin V-Cy3 Apoptosis Detection Assay Kit. Caspase-9 activity was also assessed. SIRT-1, PCAF, p300, and CBP expression were determined at the mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blotting methods, respectively. Our results reveal an increase in caspase-9 in response to the metformin, indicating that it induced the apoptotic death of both 1.2B4 and PANC-1 cells. The number of cells in early apoptosis and the activity of caspase-9 decreased when treated with an HATi alone or a combination of an HATi with metformin, as compared to metformin alone. Moreover, metformin, an HATi, and a combination of an HATi with metformin also modified the mRNA expression of SIRT-1, PCAF, CBP, and p300. However, metformin did not change the expression of the studied genes in 1.2B4 cells. The results of the Western blot analysis showed that metformin diminished the protein expression of PCAF in both the 1.2B4 and PANC-1 cells. Hence, it appears possible that PCAF may be involved in the metformin-mediated apoptosis of PC cells.
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Yang W, Liang Y, Liu Y, Chen B, Wang K, Chen X, Yu Z, Yang D, Cai Y, Zheng G. The molecular mechanism for inhibiting the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells using polymethoxyflavonoids purified from pericarp of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' via HSCCC. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1096001. [PMID: 37180721 PMCID: PMC10174288 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavonoids (PMFs), the main bioactive compounds naturally occurring in the pericarp of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' (CRCP), possess significant antitumor action. However, the action of PMFs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is currently unknown. The present research study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of PMFs from CRCP on NPC growth in vivo and in vitro. In our research, we used high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) to separate four PMFs (nobiletin (NOB), 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), tangeretin (TGN), and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (5-HPMF)) from CRCP. CCK-8 assay was used to preliminarily screen cell viability following exposure to the four PMFs. Colony formation, Hoechst-33258 staining, transwell, and wound scratch assays were performed to assess the anti-proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis-inducing effects of HMF on NPC cells. NPC tumors in xenograft tumor transplantation experiments were also established to explore the effect of HMF (100 and 150 mg/kg/day) on NPC. The histopathological changes in the treated rats were observed by H&E staining and Ki-67 detection by immunohistochemical techniques. The expressions of P70S6K, p-P70S6K, S6, p-S6, COX-2, p53, and p-p53 were measured by Western blot. The four PMFs were obtained with high purity (>95.0%). The results of the preliminary screening by CCK-8 assay suggested that HMF had the strongest inhibitory effect on NPC cell growth. The results of the colony formation, Hoechst-33258 staining, transwell, and wound scratch assays indicated that HMF had significant anti-proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis-inducing ability in NPC cells. Moreover, HMF suppressed NPC tumor growth in xenograft tumor transplantation experiments. Further investigation suggested that HMF regulated NPC cells proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by activating AMPK-dependent signaling pathways. In conclusion, HMF-induced AMPK activation inhibited NPC cell growth, invasion, and metastatic potency by downregulating the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and COX-2 protein levels, as well as enhancing the p53 phosphorylation level. Our study provides a crucial experimental basis for the clinical treatment of NPC, as well as the development and utilization of PMFs from CRCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen, China
| | - Kanghui Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Zheng, ; Yi Cai, ; Depo Yang,
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Zheng, ; Yi Cai, ; Depo Yang,
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Zheng, ; Yi Cai, ; Depo Yang,
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Mu W, Jiang Y, Liang G, Feng Y, Qu F. Metformin: A Promising Antidiabetic Medication for Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:41-54. [PMID: 36336804 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666221104094918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. In recent years, several studies have shown that metformin is a potential therapeutic agent against cancer, alone or combined with other anticancer treatments. Metformin mainly activates the AMPK complex and regulates intracellular energy status, inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Other anticancer targets of metformin are specific transcription factors inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and reducing drug resistance. In addition, metformin modulates tumor cells' response to anticancer treatments, favoring the activity of T cells. In diabetic patients, metformin reduces the occurrence of cancer and improves the prognosis and efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective of metformin as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Falin Qu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zhuang D, Wang S, Liu G, Liu P, Deng H, Sun J, Liu C, Leng X, Zhang Q, Bai F, Mi J, Wu X. Phenformin suppresses angiogenesis through the regulation of exosomal microRNA-1246 and microRNA-205 levels derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943477. [PMID: 36158698 PMCID: PMC9492847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes secreted by cancer cells are important components in the tumor microenvironment, enabling cancer cells to communicate with each other and with noncancerous cells to play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Phenformin, a biguanide antidiabetic drug, has been reported to have a strong antitumor function in multiple types of cancer cells, however little research has been reported about whether phenformin can regulate the secretion of exosomes by cancer cells to regulate the tumor microenvironment and contribute to its antitumor function. Here we found that exosomes (Phen-Exo) derived from phenformin-treated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells significantly suppress the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. The inhibition of angiogenesis by Phen-Exo was verified in vivo by matrigel plug angiogenesis assays and by chick chorioallantoic membrane assays. Mechanistically, we discovered that the expression of microRNA-1246 (miR-1246) and microRNA-205 (miR-205) was significantly increased in exosomes secreted by OSCC cells treated with phenformin, while high expression levels of miR-1246 or miR-205 in vascular endothelial cells inhibited their angiogenic effects and decreased expression of the angiogenic factor VEGFA. In conclusion, these results reveal that phenformin can inhibit angiogenesis by regulating the levels of miR-1246 and miR-205 in exosomes secreted by OSCC cells, suggesting that phenformin has the potential to alter the tumor microenvironment to antagonize the growth of OSCCs, which provides a theoretical basis for developing new strategies to treat OSCCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexuan Zhuang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanyi Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiting Deng
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Leng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xunwei Wu, ; Jun Mi,
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xunwei Wu, ; Jun Mi,
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11
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Arnason TG, MacDonald-Dickinson V, Gaunt MC, Davies GF, Lobanova L, Trost B, Gillespie ZE, Waldner M, Baldwin P, Borrowman D, Marwood H, Vizeacoumar FS, Vizeacoumar FJ, Eskiw CH, Kusalik A, Harkness TAA. Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Reverses Multiple Drug Resistant Cancer in a Canine Model of Multiple Drug Resistant Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174215. [PMID: 36077749 PMCID: PMC9454423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple drug resistant cancers develop all too soon in patients who received successful cancer treatment. A lack of treatment options often leaves palliative care as the last resort. We tested whether the insulin sensitizer, metformin, known to have anti-cancer activity, could impact canines with drug resistant lymphoma when added to chemotherapy. All canines in the study expressed protein markers of drug resistance and within weeks of receiving metformin, the markers were decreased. A microarray was performed, and from four canines assessed, a common set of 290 elevated genes were discovered in tumor cells compared to control cells. This cluster was enriched with genes that stall the cell cycle, with a large component representing substrates of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), which degrades proteins. One canine entered partial remission. RNAs from this canine showed that APC substrates were decreased during remission and elevated again during relapse, suggesting that the APC was impaired in drug resistant canines and restored when remission occurred. We validated our results in cell lines using APC inhibitors and activators. We conclude that the APC may be a vital guardian of the genome and could delay the onset of multiple drug resistance when activated. Abstract Like humans, canine lymphomas are treated by chemotherapy cocktails and frequently develop multiple drug resistance (MDR). Their shortened clinical timelines and tumor accessibility make canines excellent models to study MDR mechanisms. Insulin-sensitizers have been shown to reduce the incidence of cancer in humans prescribed them, and we previously demonstrated that they also reverse and delay MDR development in vitro. Here, we treated canines with MDR lymphoma with metformin to assess clinical and tumoral responses, including changes in MDR biomarkers, and used mRNA microarrays to determine differential gene expression. Metformin reduced MDR protein markers in all canines in the study. Microarrays performed on mRNAs gathered through longitudinal tumor sampling identified a 290 gene set that was enriched in Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) substrates and additional mRNAs associated with slowed mitotic progression in MDR samples compared to skin controls. mRNAs from a canine that went into remission showed that APC substrate mRNAs were decreased, indicating that the APC was activated during remission. In vitro validation using canine lymphoma cells selected for resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs confirmed that APC activation restored MDR chemosensitivity, and that APC activity was reduced in MDR cells. This supports the idea that rapidly pushing MDR cells that harbor high loads of chromosome instability through mitosis, by activating the APC, contributes to improved survival and disease-free duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra G. Arnason
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.G.A.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Valerie MacDonald-Dickinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew Casey Gaunt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gerald F. Davies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Zoe E. Gillespie
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Matthew Waldner
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Paige Baldwin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Devon Borrowman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hailey Marwood
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Troy A. A. Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.G.A.); (T.A.A.H.)
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12
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Triggle CR, Mohammed I, Bshesh K, Marei I, Ye K, Ding H, MacDonald R, Hollenberg MD, Hill MA. Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases? Metabolism 2022; 133:155223. [PMID: 35640743 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of positive pre-clinical and clinical data has stimulated interest in re-purposing metformin to treat a variety of diseases including COVID-19. In polycystic ovary syndrome metformin improves insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes metformin may help reduce the insulin dose. Meta-analysis and data from pre-clinical and clinical studies link metformin to a reduction in the incidence of cancer. Clinical trials, including MILES (Metformin In Longevity Study), and TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed to determine if metformin can offset aging and extend lifespan. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that metformin, via suppression of pro-inflammatory pathways, protection of mitochondria and vascular function, and direct actions on neuronal stem cells, may protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Metformin has also been studied for its anti-bacterial, -viral, -malaria efficacy. Collectively, these data raise the question: Is metformin a drug for all diseases? It remains unclear as to whether all of these putative beneficial effects are secondary to its actions as an anti-hyperglycemic and insulin-sensitizing drug, or result from other cellular actions, including inhibition of mTOR (mammalian target for rapamycin), or direct anti-viral actions. Clarification is also sought as to whether data from ex vivo studies based on the use of high concentrations of metformin can be translated into clinical benefits, or whether they reflect a 'Paracelsus' effect. The environmental impact of metformin, a drug with no known metabolites, is another emerging issue that has been linked to endocrine disruption in fish, and extensive use in T2D has also raised concerns over effects on human reproduction. The objectives for this review are to: 1) evaluate the putative mechanism(s) of action of metformin; 2) analyze the controversial evidence for metformin's effectiveness in the treatment of diseases other than type 2 diabetes; 3) assess the reproducibility of the data, and finally 4) reach an informed conclusion as to whether metformin is a drug for all diseases and reasons. We conclude that the primary clinical benefits of metformin result from its insulin-sensitizing and antihyperglycaemic effects that secondarily contribute to a reduced risk of a number of diseases and thereby enhancing healthspan. However, benefits like improving vascular endothelial function that are independent of effects on glucose homeostasis add to metformin's therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalifa Bshesh
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Ye
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ross MacDonald
- Distribution eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, a Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
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13
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Ibrahim A, Khalil IA, El-Sherbiny IM. Development and evaluation of core-shell nanocarrier system for enhancing the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin/ metformin combination against breast cancer cell line. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2581-2591. [PMID: 35613685 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most invasive and life-threatening cancer in women. The treatment options are usually a combination of mastectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. As a standard practice, doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the commonly used drugs for breast cancer treatment. However, DOX is known to have many harmful adverse effects including its cardiotoxicity. Hence, recent reports used metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic drug, as an adjuvant therapy to decrease the severity of DOX's adverse effects and to improve its ultimate therapeutic outcome. The current study is aimed at co-loading and enhancing the encapsulation efficiency of the hydrophilic DOX and MET in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocapsules (NCs) with oil core for breast cancer treatment. The NCs were developed by single emulsification-solvent diffusion technique, and were optimized through using two types of oils, pluronics and PLGA (50:50) of different molecular weights followed by various physicochemical characterizations. The obtained DOX/MET-loaded NCs showed the size and polydispersity index (PDI) of 203.0 ± 3.4 nm and 0.081 ± 0.03, respectively with a surface charge of -2.15 ± 0.2 mV. The entrapment efficiency of DOX and MET were about 93.7% ± 2.9 and 70% ± 1.6, respectively. The developed PLGA core-shell NCs successfully sustained the DOX/MET release for more than 30 days. The in-vitro results showed a significant enhancement in DOX cytotoxic effect as well as a duplication in its apoptotic effect upon addition of MET for both free DOX/MET combination and DOX/MET-loaded PLGA NCs against MCF-7. Besides, flow cytometry demonstrated that the DOX/MET-loaded NCs possess their antitumor effect by preventing DNA replication and cell division. This study provides a promising facile, rapid and reproducible single emulsification-solvent diffusion technique for improving the encapsulation and release of hydrophilic drugs in nanocapsules for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Ibrahim
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza 12582, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
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14
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Lei C, Hou Y, Chen J. Specificity protein 1-activated bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 accelerates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1459. [PMID: 34737799 PMCID: PMC8561758 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) has been reported to act as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of numerous types of cancer. Bioinformatics analysis has predicted the binding interaction between BST2 and specificity protein 1 (SP1) and the involvement of SP1 in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, the present study set out to verify this interaction and determine how it may affect pancreatic cancer progression. Normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (HPDE6-C7) and pancreatic cancer cell lines (SW1990, BxPC3, PANC1 and PSN-1) were selected for western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR detection of BST2 expression. Colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 and wound healing assays were performed to detect the proliferative and migratory abilities of PANC1 cells following transfection with small interfering RNA against BST2. The expression of proliferation and migration markers were assayed using western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were employed to verify the bioinformatics prediction of BST2-SP1 binding. PANC1 cell proliferation and migration were analyzed following BST2 knockdown and SP1 overexpression. In comparison with HPDE6-C7 cells, all four pancreatic cancer cell lines were found to exhibit increased BST2 expression levels to varying degrees, with the highest levels observed in PANC1 cells. BST2 knockdown inhibited PANC1 cell colony formation, proliferation and migration. Additionally, SP1 was shown to bind to the BST2 promoter and could promote PANC1 cell proliferation and migration when overexpressed. However, BST2 knockdown rescued SP1 overexpression-induced PANC1 cell colony formation, proliferation and migration. In conclusion, activation of BST2 by the transcription factor SP1 was shown to accelerate pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that BST2 and SP1 may be plausible therapeutic targets in targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui 244009, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Tongling, Anhui 244009, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Tongling Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Tongling, Anhui 244009, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui 244009, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Tongling, Anhui 244009, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Tongling Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Tongling, Anhui 244009, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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15
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Wang H, Ma Z, Gao F, Jiang W, Li Y, Li S. Effects of Forkhead box O1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:848. [PMID: 34733366 PMCID: PMC8561622 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection and chronic inflammation play important roles in the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is a notable regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. The present study explored the effects of FOXO1 in human cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells. The expression of FOXO1 was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. SiHa cell migration and proliferation were detected using Transwell and 3H-TdR assays. Mitochondrial functions were assessed based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The present study revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation significantly inhibited the expression of FOXO1 in cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells; while silencing FOXO1 resulted in the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, a decrease in the ΔΨm and abnormal morphology of mitochondria. Accordingly, enhancing FOXO1 expression or treatment with metformin, which protects mitochondrial function, reversed LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cell pyroptosis, migration and proliferation of cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells. Overall, the current study indicated that treatment with FOXO1 could potentially be used as therapeutic strategy to prevent LPS-induced cervical squamous cell carcinoma-related dysfunction in a mitochondria-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Fanshu Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
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16
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Fu C, Lee C, Li Y, Lin S. Metformin as a potential protective therapy against tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study in a single teaching hospital. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1603-1609. [PMID: 33550691 PMCID: PMC8409838 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The convergence of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a new challenge in Asia as a result of the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus with higher TB infection rates, and also because diabetes mellitus itself enhances TB disease activity and consequently the spread of TB. We aimed to address the risk presented by diabetes mellitus for TB infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with diabetes mellitus were retrospectively recruited. The baseline assessments included age, sex, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate. TB was determined by meeting the international classification of disease, for TB diagnosis and receiving anti-TB treatment for at least 2 months. RESULTS In total, 9,750 individuals with diabetes mellitus were recruited. The event rate of TB was 47 (0.48%). Younger age, lower proportion of men, higher fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin values, and better renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio) were observed in the metformin-exposed groups. Old age and male sex were associated with higher TB infection risk on multivariate analysis. Metformin users had a significantly lower risk for TB infection, whereas insulin users had a higher risk for TB infection. However, glycemic status had no effect on TB infection risk. CONCLUSIONS This study provides clinical evidence from a survey of TB in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Old age, male sex and insulin use were risk factors for TB infection. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for diabetes mellitus and has a potential protective effect against TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Po Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and BioinformaticsCollege of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Lin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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17
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Roque DR, Zhang L, Wysham WZ, Han J, Sun W, Yin Y, Livingston JN, Batchelor KW, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. The Effects of NT-1044, a Novel AMPK Activator, on Endometrial Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Cell Stress and In Vivo Tumor Growth. Front Oncol 2021; 11:690435. [PMID: 34422646 PMCID: PMC8377676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anti-diabetic biguanide drugs such as metformin may have anti-tumorigenic effects by behaving as AMPK activators and mTOR inhibitors. Metformin requires organic cation transporters (OCTs) for entry into cells, and NT-1044 is an AMPK activator designed to have greater affinity for two of these transporters, OCT1 and OCT3. We sought to compare the effects of NT-1044 on cell proliferation in human endometrial cancer (EC) cell lines and on tumor growth in an endometrioid EC mouse model. Methods Cell proliferation was assessed in two EC cell lines, ECC-1 and Ishikawa, by MTT assay after exposure to NT-1044 for 72 hours of treatment. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC and cleaved caspase 3 assays. Cell cycle progression was evaluated by Cellometer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using DCFH-DA and JC-1 assays. For the in vivo studies, we utilized the LKB1fl/flp53fl/fl mouse model of endometrioid endometrial cancer. The mice were treated with placebo or NT-1044 or metformin following tumor onset for 4 weeks. Results NT-1044 and metformin significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both EC cell lines after 72 hours of exposure (IC50 218 μM for Ishikawa; 87 μM for ECC-1 cells). Treatment with NT-1044 resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis and increased ROS production in both cell lines. NT-1044 increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased phosphorylation of S6, a key downstream target of the mTOR pathway. Expression of the cell cycle proteins CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 decreased in a dose-dependent fashion while cellular stress protein expression was induced in both cell lines. As compared to placebo, NT-1044 and metformin inhibited endometrial tumor growth in obese and lean LKB1fl/flp53fl/fl mice. Conclusions NT-1044 suppressed EC cell growth through G1 cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and cellular stress, activation of AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR pathway. In addition, NT-1044 inhibited EC tumor growth in vivo under obese and lean conditions. More work is needed to determine if this novel biguanide will be beneficial in the treatment of women with EC, a disease strongly impacted by obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weiya Z Wysham
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James N Livingston
- NovaTarg Therapeutics, First Flight Venture Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ken W Batchelor
- NovaTarg Therapeutics, First Flight Venture Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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18
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Abdelrahman S, Alghrably M, Campagna M, Hauser CAE, Jaremko M, Lachowicz JI. Metal Complex Formation and Anticancer Activity of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Complexes with Metformin. Molecules 2021; 26:4730. [PMID: 34443319 PMCID: PMC8401132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for decades in millions of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In this time, correlations between metformin use and the occurrence of other disorders have been noted, as well as unpredictable metformin side effects. Diabetes is a significant cancer risk factor, but unexpectedly, metformin-treated diabetic patients have lower cancer incidence. Here, we show that metformin forms stable complexes with copper (II) ions. Both copper(I)/metformin and copper(II)/metformin complexes form adducts with glutathione, the main intracellular antioxidative peptide, found at high levels in cancer cells. Metformin reduces cell number and viability in SW1222 and K562 cells, as well as in K562-200 multidrug-resistant cells. Notably, the antiproliferative effect of metformin is enhanced in the presence of copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Abdelrahman
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mawadda Alghrably
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Charlotte Armgard Emma Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
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Yang GL, Zheng MM, Tan AJ, Liu YT, Feng D, Lv SM. Research on the Mechanisms of Plant Enrichment and Detoxification of Cadmium. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060544. [PMID: 34204395 PMCID: PMC8234526 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd), as one of the major environmentally toxic pollutants, has serious impacts on the growth, development, and physiological functions of plants and animals, leading to deterioration of environmental quality and threats to human health. Research on how plants absorb and transport Cd, as well as its enrichment and detoxification mechanisms, is of great significance to the development of phytoremediation technologies for ecological and environmental management. This article summarises the research progress on the enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in plants in recent years, including the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cd in plants. The role of plant roots, compartmentalisation, chelation, antioxidation, stress, and osmotic adjustment in the process of plant Cd enrichment are discussed. Finally, problems are proposed to provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the further application of phytoremediation technology in the field of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Ai-Juan Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Dan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Shi-Ming Lv
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1376-513-6919
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20
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Sakai T, Matsuo Y, Okuda K, Hirota K, Tsuji M, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H. Development of antitumor biguanides targeting energy metabolism and stress responses in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4852. [PMID: 33649449 PMCID: PMC7921556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop antitumor drugs capable of targeting energy metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, we produced a series of potent new biguanide derivatives via structural modification of the arylbiguanide scaffold. We then conducted biological screening using hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1- and unfolded protein response (UPR)-dependent reporter assays and selective cytotoxicity assay under low glucose conditions. Homologation studies of aryl-(CH2)n-biguanides (n = 0-6) yielded highly potent derivatives with an appropriate alkylene linker length (n = 5, 6). The o-chlorophenyl derivative 7l (n = 5) indicated the most potent inhibitory effects on HIF-1- and UPR-mediated transcriptional activation (IC50; 1.0 ± 0.1 μM, 7.5 ± 0.1 μM, respectively) and exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward HT29 cells under low glucose condition (IC50; 1.9 ± 0.1 μM). Additionally, the protein expression of HIF-1α induced by hypoxia and of GRP78 and GRP94 induced by glucose starvation was markedly suppressed by the biguanides, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis. Metabolic flux and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses of tumor cells revealed that the biguanides strongly inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and activated compensative glycolysis in the presence of glucose, whereas both were strongly suppressed in the absence of glucose, resulting in cellular energy depletion and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the pleiotropic effects of these biguanides may contribute to more selective and effective killing of cancer cells due to the suppression of various stress adaptation systems in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sakai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okuda
- Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Mieko Tsuji
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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21
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Huang CC, Chou CH, Yang YS, Ho HN, Shun CT, Wen WF, Chen SU, Chen MJ. Metformin: a novel promising option for fertility preservation during cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaaa084. [PMID: 33543290 PMCID: PMC8494485 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) could cause severe gonadotoxicity via imbalanced activation of primordial follicles through PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation. Whether metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetes agent with mTOR inhibitory effect, could preserve ovarian function against CP toxicity is unknown. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into seven groups (n = 11), including control, CP-alone, CP + metformin, CP + sirolimus or everolimus, metformin-alone and sirolimus-alone groups. The duration of pharmaceutical treatment was 4 weeks. CP treatment significantly impaired ovarian function and fertility in mice. CP + metformin treatment significantly attenuated the gonadotoxicity comparing to CP-alone treatment (primordial follicle count: 17.6 ± 4.2 versus 10.3 ± 2.7 follicles/high-power field; P = 0.027). CP + metformin treatment also tended to increase antral follicular count (5.4 ± 1.1 versus 2.5 ± 1.6 follicles/section), serum AMH levels (4.6 ± 1.2 versus 2.0 ± 0.8 ng/ml) and the litter size (4.2 ± 1.3 versus 1.5 ± 1.0 mice per pregnancy), compared with CP-alone group. Expression of phospho-mTOR and the number of TUNEL-positive granulosa cells increased after CP treatment and decreased in the CP + metformin groups, suggesting the mTOR inhibitory and anti-apoptotic effects of metformin. In in-vitro granulosa cell experiments, the anti-apoptotic effect of metformin was blocked after inhibiting p53 or p21 function, and the expression of p53 mRNA was blocked with AMPK inhibitor, suggesting that the anti-apoptotic effect was AMPK/p53/p21-mediated. In conclusion, concurrent metformin treatment during CP therapy could significantly preserve ovarian function and fertility and could be a promising novel fertility preserving agent during chemotherapy. The relatively acceptable cost and well-established long-term safety profiles of this old drug might prompt its further clinical application at a faster pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Departments of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fen Wen
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Livia Shangyu Wan Scholar, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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22
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Haumann S, Müller RU, Liebau MC. Metabolic Changes in Polycystic Kidney Disease as a Potential Target for Systemic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176093. [PMID: 32847032 PMCID: PMC7503958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD, ADPKD) are systemic disorders with pronounced hepatorenal phenotypes. While the main underlying genetic causes of both ARPKD and ADPKD have been well-known for years, the exact molecular mechanisms resulting in the observed clinical phenotypes in the different organs, remain incompletely understood. Recent research has identified cellular metabolic changes in PKD. These findings are of major relevance as there may be an immediate translation into clinical trials and potentially clinical practice. Here, we review important results in the field regarding metabolic changes in PKD and their modulation as a potential target of systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Haumann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C. Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-4359
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23
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The Use of Metformin to Increase the Human Healthspan. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:319-332. [PMID: 32304040 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a safe, effective and useful drug for glucose management in patients with diabetes. However in recent years, more attention has been paid to the possibility of using metformin as an anti-aging drug. It was shown to significantly increase the lifespan in some model organisms and delay the onset of age-associated declines. The current review summarizes advances in clinical research on the potential role of metformin in the field of lifespan and healthspan extension. Growing amounts of evidence from clinical trials suggest that metformin can effectively reduce the risk of many age-related diseases and conditions, including cardiometabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, chronic inflammation and frailty. Metformin also holds promise as a drug that could be repurposed for chemoprevention or adjuvant therapy for certain types of cancer. Moreover, metformin induces autophagy by activation of AMPK and can thus be potentially used to promote heathspan by hormesis-like mechanisms. Although long-term intake of metformin is associated with low risk of adverse events, well-designed clinical trials are still required to uncover the potential use of this drug as a geroprotector.
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24
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Zhao B, Luo J, Yu T, Zhou L, Lv H, Shang P. Anticancer mechanisms of metformin: A review of the current evidence. Life Sci 2020; 254:117717. [PMID: 32339541 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved "star" drug used for diabetes mellitus type 2, has become a topic of increasing interest to researchers due to its anti-neoplastic effects. Growing evidence has demonstrated that metformin may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, and several clinical trials of metformin use in cancer treatment are ongoing. However, the anti-neoplastic effects of metformin and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we present the newest findings on the anticancer activities of metformin, and highlight its diverse anticancer mechanisms. Several clinical trials, as well as the limitations of the current evidence are also demonstrated. This review explores the crucial roles of metformin and provides supporting evidence for the repurposing of metformin as a treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tongyao Yu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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25
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Moriyama R, Iwamoto K, Hagiwara T, Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. AMP-activated protein kinase activation reduces the transcriptional activity of the murine luteinizing hormone β-subunit gene. J Reprod Dev 2019; 66:97-104. [PMID: 31813919 PMCID: PMC7175385 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is one of the factors that induces reproductive disorders. However, the underlying biological processes are unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that plays crucial role as a cellular energy sensor. In the present study, we examined the effects of AMPK activation on the transcription of the murine gonadotropin subunit genes Cga, Lhb, and Fshb, and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor Gnrh-r. Real-time PCR and transcription assay using LβT2 cells demonstrated that 5-amino-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), a cell-permeable AMP analog, repressed the expression of Lhb. Next, we examined deletion mutants of the upstream region of Lhb and found that the upstream regulatory region of Lhb (-2527 to -2198 b) was responsible for the repression by AICAR. Furthermore, putative transcription factors (SP1, STAT5a, and TEF) that might mediate transcriptional control of the Lhb repression induced by AICAR were identified. In addition, it was confirmed that both AICAR and a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, induced AMPK phosphorylation in LβT2 cells. Therefore, the upstream region of Lhb is one of the target sites for glucoprivation inducing AMPK activation. In addition, AMPK plays a role in repressing Lhb expression through the distal -2527 to -2198 b region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Moriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Teruki Hagiwara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Zhou S, Xu L, Cao M, Wang Z, Xiao D, Xu S, Deng J, Hu X, He C, Tao T, Wang W, Guan A, Yang X. Anticancer properties of novel pyrazole‐containing biguanide derivatives with activating the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900075. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Leichuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel PesticideShenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. Shenyang China
| | - Mengru Cao
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Simeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Caimei He
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of PharmacyHunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health‐Care Hospital Yueyang China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Aiying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel PesticideShenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. Shenyang China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China
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27
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Kuo CL, Hsieh Li SM, Liang SY, Liu ST, Huang LC, Wang WM, Yen LC, Huang SM. The antitumor properties of metformin and phenformin reflect their ability to inhibit the actions of differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6567-6579. [PMID: 31410055 PMCID: PMC6643064 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (DEC1) is a helix-loop-helix transcription factor that directly binds to the class B E-box in target genes. DEC1 exerts both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic effects in a cell- and tissue-dependent manner. Its actions play role the progression of cancer remains unclear. Methods We first examined the functional roles of DEC1 using the transient promoter reporter assay. Then, the knockdown of DEC1 expression was performed with the short hairpin RNA strategy in HeLa and A2058 cancer cell lines to check the cell cycle and mitochondrial function profile using the flow cytometry and Seahorse assays. We later clarified the role of DEC1 in the tumorigenesis using the colony formation, anchorage-independent growth assay, and cellular proliferation analysis. Results In the present study, we tested two guanide-containing drugs, metformin and phenformin, and found that both exhibit cytotoxicity against HeLa cervical carcinoma and A2058 melanoma cells. This effect was mediated, at least in part, through activation of the AMPK pathway; degradation of important cellular proteins, such as DEC1 and p53; and suppression of mitochondrial function, colony formation, and anchorage-independent cell proliferation. Our results further suggest that the cytotoxicity of metformin and phenformin reflect the impact of the repressive actions of DEC1 on gene expression, including DEC1 itself. This in turn suppresses both anchorage-independent growth and cell proliferation. Conclusion These findings provide several lines of evidence suggesting that DEC1 activity contributes to tumorigenicity and that the antitumor properties of biguanides reflect their ability to inhibit DEC1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Man Hsieh Li
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yi Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chen Yen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
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28
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Phenformin as an Anticancer Agent: Challenges and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133316. [PMID: 31284513 PMCID: PMC6651400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is increasing evidence linking diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus) with carcinogenesis through various biological processes, such as fat-induced chronic inflammation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and angiogenesis. Chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of cancer, but in most cases, patients develop resistance. Phenformin, an oral biguanide drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, was removed from the market due to a high risk of fatal lactic acidosis. However, it has been shown that phenformin is, with other biguanides, an authentic tumor disruptor, not only by the production of hypoglycemia due to caloric restriction through AMP-activated protein kinase with energy detection (AMPK) but also as a blocker of the mTOR regulatory complex. Moreover, the addition of phenformin eliminates resistance to antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), which prevent the uncontrolled metabolism of glucose in tumor cells. In this review, we evidence the great potential of phenformin as an anticancer agent. We thoroughly review its mechanism of action and clinical trial assays, specially focusing on current challenges and future perspectives of this promising drug.
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Faria J, Negalha G, Azevedo A, Martel F. Metformin and Breast Cancer: Molecular Targets. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:111-123. [PMID: 30903363 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been the first-line drug for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades, being presently the most widely prescribed antihyperglycemic drug. Retrospective studies associate the use of metformin with a reduction in cancer incidence and cancer-related death. However, despite extensive research about the molecular effects of metformin in cancer cells, its mode of action remains controversial. The major molecular targets of metformin include complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), but AMPK-independent effects of metformin have also been described. Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Several studies have reinforced a link between breast cancer risk and diabetes. Moreover, metformin significantly reduces breast cancer risk, compared to patients who are not using metformin and is independent of diabetes status. In this review, we summarize the current molecular evidence to elucidate metformin's mode of action against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G Negalha
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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30
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A L, Zou T, He J, Chen X, Sun D, Fan X, Xu H. Rescue of Retinal Degeneration in rd1 Mice by Intravitreally Injected Metformin. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:102. [PMID: 31080404 PMCID: PMC6497809 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive hereditary retinal degenerative disease in which photoreceptor cells undergo degeneration and apoptosis, eventually resulting in irreversible loss of visual function. Currently, no effective treatment exists for this disease. Neuroprotection and inflammation suppression have been reported to delay the development of RP. Metformin is a well-tested drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, and it has been reported to exert beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we used immunofluorescence staining, electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and RNA-Seq to explore the effects of metformin on photoreceptor degeneration and its mechanism in rd1 mice. We found that metformin significantly reduced apoptosis in photoreceptors and delayed the degeneration of photoreceptors and rod bipolar cells in rd1 mice, thus markedly improving the visual function of rd1 mice at P14, P18, and P22 when tested with a light/dark transition test and ERG. Microglial activation in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the retina of rd1 mice was significantly suppressed by metformin. RNA-Seq showed that metformin markedly downregulated inflammatory genes and upregulated the expression of crystallin proteins, which have been demonstrated to be important neuroprotective molecules in the retina, revealing the therapeutic potential of metformin for RP treatment. αA-crystallin proteins were further confirmed to be involved in the neuroprotective effects of metformin in a Ca2+ ionophore-damaged 661W photoreceptor-like cell line. These data suggest that metformin exerts a protective effect in rd1 mice via both immunoregulatory and new neuroprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan A
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai He
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Dayu Sun
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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31
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Avgerinos KI, Spyrou N, Mantzoros CS, Dalamaga M. Obesity and cancer risk: Emerging biological mechanisms and perspectives. Metabolism 2019; 92:121-135. [PMID: 30445141 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuously rising trends in obesity-related malignancies render this disease spectrum a public health priority. Worldwide, the burden of cancer attributable to obesity, expressed as population attributable fraction, is 11.9% in men and 13.1% in women. There is convincing evidence that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk for cancer of at least 13 anatomic sites, including endometrial, esophageal, renal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas; hepatocellular carcinoma; gastric cardia cancer; meningioma; multiple myeloma; colorectal, postmenopausal breast, ovarian, gallbladder and thyroid cancers. We first synopsize current epidemiologic evidence; the obesity paradox in cancer risk and mortality; the role of weight gain and weight loss in the modulation of cancer risk; reliable somatometric indicators for obesity and cancer research; and gender differences in obesity related cancers. We critically summarize emerging biological mechanisms linking obesity to cancer encompassing insulin resistance and abnormalities of the IGF-I system and signaling; sex hormones biosynthesis and pathway; subclinical chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; alterations in adipokine pathophysiology; factors deriving from ectopic fat deposition; microenvironment and cellular perturbations including vascular perturbations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, endoplasmic reticulum stress and migrating adipose progenitor cells; disruption of circadian rhythms; dietary nutrients; factors with potential significance such as the altered intestinal microbiome; and mechanic factors in obesity and cancer. Future perspectives regarding prevention, diagnosis and therapeutics are discussed. The aim of this review is to investigate how the interplay of these main potential mechanisms and risk factors, exerts their effects on target tissues provoking them to acquire a cancerous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Wu P, Tang Y, Fang X, Xie C, Zeng J, Wang W, Zhao S. Metformin Suppresses Hypopharyngeal Cancer Growth by Epigenetically Silencing Long Non-coding RNA SNHG7 in FaDu Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:143. [PMID: 30853913 PMCID: PMC6395377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Local recurrence after therapy remains a challenging problem for hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) due to the chemotherapy resistance. Metformin is associated with reduced cancer risk through promoting global DNA methylation in cancer cells by controlling S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAHH) activity. However, the mechanisms by which metformin inhibits HPC remain elusive. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of metformin in HPC and illustrate the mechanism by which metformin regulates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression. CCK-8 and annexin-V/PI double staining were performed to analyze the cell viability and apoptosis. LncRNA microarray analysis, QPCR, methylation specific PCR, Western blot and RNA Immunoprecipitation were performed to analyze the molecular mechanism, Here, we report that metformin inhibits FaDu cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manner by suppressing lncRNA SNHG7. Further investigations revealed that SNHG7 interacted with SAHH and metformin decreased SNHG7 expression by activating SAHH activity. Increased SAHH activity resulted in upregulating DNMT1 expression, leading to hypermethylation of SNHG7 promotor. In addition, upregulation of SNHG7 was associated with advanced stage. The patients with high SNHG7 have lower overall survival than that of with low SNHG7. Interestingly, SNHG7 levels were higher in taxol resistant patients than in taxol sensitive patients. Metformin sensitizes FaDu cells to taxol and irradiation through decreasing SNHG7. In conclusion, our recent study demonstrates that metformin inhibits FaDu cell proliferation by decreasing SNHG7 expression via SAHH-mediated DNA methylation. These findings indicate that combined metformin with paclitaxel or irradiation would be a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance and prevent recurrence in HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery - Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaoyun Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery - Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery - Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chubo Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery - Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junfeng Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery - Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery - Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Suping Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery - Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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33
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Zhang E, Mohammed Al-Amily I, Mohammed S, Luan C, Asplund O, Ahmed M, Ye Y, Ben-Hail D, Soni A, Vishnu N, Bompada P, De Marinis Y, Groop L, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Renström E, Wollheim CB, Salehi A. Preserving Insulin Secretion in Diabetes by Inhibiting VDAC1 Overexpression and Surface Translocation in β Cells. Cell Metab 2019; 29:64-77.e6. [PMID: 30293774 PMCID: PMC6331340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops after years of prediabetes during which high glucose (glucotoxicity) impairs insulin secretion. We report that the ATP-conducting mitochondrial outer membrane voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) is upregulated in islets from T2D and non-diabetic organ donors under glucotoxic conditions. This is caused by a glucotoxicity-induced transcriptional program, triggered during years of prediabetes with suboptimal blood glucose control. Metformin counteracts VDAC1 induction. VDAC1 overexpression causes its mistargeting to the plasma membrane of the insulin-secreting β cells with loss of the crucial metabolic coupling factor ATP. VDAC1 antibodies and inhibitors prevent ATP loss. Through direct inhibition of VDAC1 conductance, metformin, like specific VDAC1 inhibitors and antibodies, restores the impaired generation of ATP and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in T2D islets. Treatment of db/db mice with VDAC1 inhibitor prevents hyperglycemia, and maintains normal glucose tolerance and physiological regulation of insulin secretion. Thus, β cell function is preserved by targeting the novel diabetes executer protein VDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Israa Mohammed Al-Amily
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Sarheed Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Meftun Ahmed
- Academic Hospital Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Danya Ben-Hail
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Arvind Soni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Pradeep Bompada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Yang De Marinis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.
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Varghese S, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. High Glucose Represses the Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Metformin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E16. [PMID: 30626087 PMCID: PMC6359242 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the most widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug, is shown to possess anti-cancer potential in treatment of cancers, including breast cancer; decreases breast cancer risk; and improves overall survival. However, reports suggest that higher glucose concentrations may negatively impact the anti-cancer efficacy of metformin. Therefore, we examined the anti-cancer potential of metformin in triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) exposed to different glucose (25 mM, 5.5 mM and zero glucose/glucose-starved) conditions. Our data indicates that a high glucose (25 mM) concentration (mimicking diabetes) significantly abrogated the effect of metformin on cell proliferation, cell death and cell cycle arrest in addition to loss of efficacy in inhibition of the mTOR pathway, a key metabolic pathway in TNBC cells. The mTOR pathway is activated in TNBCs compared to other subtypes of breast cancer, regulates the synthesis of proteins that are critical for the growth and survival of cancer cells and its activation is correlated to poor outcomes among TNBC patients, while also contributing to metastatic progression and development of resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Our studies were performed in two different types of TNBCs, MDA-MB-231 cells (mesenchymal stem cell-like (MSL)) and MDA-MB-468 (basal like-1 (BL-1)). Interestingly, lower concentrations of metformin (50, 100, 250, and 500 μM) significantly increased cell proliferation in 25 mM glucose exposed MDA-MB-231 cells, an effect which was not observed in MDA-MB-468 cells, indicating that the effective concentration of metformin when used as anti-cancer drug in TNBCs may have to be determined based on cell type and blood glucose concentration. Our data indicates that metformin treatment was most effective under zero glucose/glucose-starved conditions in MDA-MB-468 with a significant increase in the apoptotic population (62.3 ± 1.5%; p-value < 0.01). Under 5.5 mM glucose conditions in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells our data showed reduced viability of 73.56 ± 2.53%; p-value < 0.05 and 70.49 ± 1.68%; p-value < 0.001, respectively, along with a significant increase in apoptotic populations of both cell types. Furthermore, metformin (2 mM) inhibited the mTOR pathway and its downstream components under zero glucose/glucose-starved conditions indicating that using metformin in combination with agents that inhibit the glycolytic pathway should be more beneficial for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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35
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Liraglutide protects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a mouse model induced by high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:523-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Piskovatska V, Stefanyshyn N, Storey KB, Vaiserman AM, Lushchak O. Metformin as a geroprotector: experimental and clinical evidence. Biogerontology 2018; 20:33-48. [PMID: 30255224 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apart from being a safe, effective and globally affordable glucose-lowering agent for the treatment of diabetes, metformin has earned much credit in recent years as a potential anti-aging formula. It has been shown to significantly increase lifespan and delay the onset of age-associated decline in several experimental models. The current review summarizes advances in clinical research on the potential role of metformin in the field of geroprotection, highlighting findings from pre-clinical studies on known and putative mechanisms behind its beneficial properties. A growing body of evidence from clinical trials demonstrates that metformin can effectively reduce the risk of many age-related diseases and conditions, including cardiometabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer, chronic inflammation, and frailty. Metformin also holds promise as a drug that could be repurposed for chemoprevention or adjuvant therapy for certain cancer types. Moreover, due to the ability of metformin to induce autophagy by activation of AMPK, it is regarded as a potential hormesis-inducing agent with healthspan-promoting and pro-longevity properties. Long-term intake of metformin is associated with low risk of adverse events; however, well-designed clinical trials are still warranted to enable potential use of this therapeutic agent as a geroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Piskovatska
- Clinic for Heart Surgery, University Clinic of the Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadiya Stefanyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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37
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Schulten HJ. Pleiotropic Effects of Metformin on Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2850. [PMID: 30241339 PMCID: PMC6213406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) is a natural compound derived from the legume Galega officinalis. It is the first line antidiabetic drug for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. One of its main antidiabetic effects results from the reduction of hepatic glucose release. First scientific evidence for the anticancer effects of MTF was found in animal research, published in 2001, and some years later a retrospective observational study provided evidence that linked MTF to reduced cancer risk in T2D patients. Its pleiotropic anticancer effects were studied in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies at the molecular and cellular level. Although the majority of these studies demonstrated that MTF is associated with certain anticancer properties, clinical studies and trials provided a mixed view on its beneficial anticancer effects. This review emphasizes the pleiotropic effects of MTF and recent progress made in MTF applications in basic, preclinical, and clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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38
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Shah RR, Stonier PD. Repurposing old drugs in oncology: Opportunities with clinical and regulatory challenges ahead. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 44:6-22. [PMID: 30218625 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE In order to expedite the availability of drugs to treat cancers in a cost-effective manner, repurposing of old drugs for oncological indications is gathering momentum. Revolutionary advances in pharmacology and genomics have demonstrated many old drugs to have activity at novel antioncogenic pharmacological targets. We decided to investigate whether prospective studies support the promises of nonclinical and retrospective clinical studies on repurposing three old drugs, namely metformin, valproate and astemizole. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search through PubMed to gather representative nonclinical and retrospective clinical studies that investigated the potential repurposing of these three drugs for oncological indications. We then searched for prospective studies aimed at confirming the promises of retrospective data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION While evidence from nonclinical and retrospective clinical studies with these drugs appears highly promising, large scale prospective studies are either lacking or have failed to substantiate this promise. We provide a brief discussion of some of the challenges in repurposing. Principal challenges and obstacles relate to heterogeneity of cancers studied without considering their molecular signatures, trials with small sample size and short duration, failure consider issues of ethnicity of study population and effective antioncogenic doses of the drug studied. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Well-designed prospective studies demonstrating efficacy are required for repurposing old drugs for oncology indications, just as they are for new chemical entities for any indication. Early and ongoing interactions with regulatory authorities are invaluable. We outline a tentative framework for a structured approach to repurposing old drugs for novel indications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi R Shah
- Pharmaceutical Consultant, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Peter D Stonier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
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Vancura A, Bu P, Bhagwat M, Zeng J, Vancurova I. Metformin as an Anticancer Agent. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:867-878. [PMID: 30150001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been a frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) for many years. Its effectiveness in T2D treatment is mostly attributed to its suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis; however, the mechanistic aspects of metformin action remain elusive. In addition to its glucose-lowering effect, metformin possesses other pleiotropic health-promoting effects that include reduced cancer risk and tumorigenesis. Metformin inhibits the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthesis; however, recent data reveal that metformin regulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by multiple, mutually nonexclusive mechanisms that do not necessarily depend on the inhibition of ETC and the cellular ATP level. In this review, we discuss recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that are relevant for metformin use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Pengli Bu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Madhura Bhagwat
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Joey Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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40
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Feng Y, Guo X, Huang X, Wu M, Li X, Wu S, Luo X. Metformin reverses stem cell‑like HepG2 sphere formation and resistance to sorafenib by attenuating epithelial‑mesenchymal transformation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3866-3872. [PMID: 30106125 PMCID: PMC6131649 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to be associated with the recurrence and drug resistance of liver cancer. In the present study, stem cell-like HepG2 cell spheres were enriched using stem cell conditioned culture medium. As expected, stem-like HepG2 cell spheres exhibited increased resistance to sorafenib. Metformin, a common drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduced the diameters and numbers of stem-like HepG2 spheres, and increased their sensitivity to sorafenib. Western blotting confirmed that low doses of metformin reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) process of HepG2 spheres. These results suggested that metformin enhanced sensitivity to sorafenib, which was probably through reversal of the EMT process of sphere-forming cells and by reducing the formation of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Huang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Manya Wu
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shushu Wu
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Tan M, Wu A, Liao N, Liu M, Guo Q, Yi J, Wang T, Huang Y, Qiu B, Zhou W. Inhibiting ROS-TFE3-dependent autophagy enhances the therapeutic response to metformin in breast cancer. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:872-886. [PMID: 29865970 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1485075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miduo Tan
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Anshang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Ni Liao
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jiansheng Yi
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Taoli Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Hunan, China
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Zhou T, Xu X, Du M, Zhao T, Wang J. A preclinical overview of metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1227-1235. [PMID: 30119191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common type of diabetes mellitus and is mainly characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and elevated hepatic glucose output. Metformin is a first-line antihyperglycemic agent that works mainly by regulating hepatic glucose production and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Metformin has been clinically applied for more than half a century, although the underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain elusive. This current review mainly focused on the development history of metformin and related preclinical studies on structural modification, pharmacological mechanisms for treatment of T2D, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmaceutics. The pharmacological function of metformin in lowering hyperglycemia suggests that multi-targeting could be an effective strategy for the discovery of new anti-diabetic drugs. A number of discoveries have revealed the pharmacologic mechanisms of metformin; however, precise mechanisms remain unclear. Deeper investigations on the biological features of metformin are expected to provide more rational applications and indications of this evergreen anti-T2D agent, which will in turn help to better understand the complicated pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengfan Du
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Leonova E, Rostoka E, Sauvaigo S, Baumane L, Selga T, Sjakste N. Study of interaction of antimutagenic 1,4-dihydropyridine AV-153-Na with DNA-damaging molecules and its impact on DNA repair activity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4609. [PMID: 29713564 PMCID: PMC5923214 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHP) possesses important biochemical and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and antimutagenic activities. It was shown that the antimutagenic 1,4-dihydropyridine AV-153-Na interacts with DNA. The aim of the current study was to test the capability of the compound to scavenge peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical, to test intracellular distribution of the compound, and to assess the ability of the compound to modify the activity of DNA repair enzymes and to protect the DNA in living cells against peroxynitrite-induced damage. Methods Peroxynitrite decomposition was assayed by UV spectroscopy, hydroxyl radical scavenging—by EPR spectroscopy. DNA breakage was determined by the “comet method”, activity of DNA repair enzymes—using Glyco-SPOT and ExSy-SPOT assays. Intracellular distribution of the compound was studied by laser confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy titration and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to study interactions of the compound with human serum albumin. Results Some ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical by AV-153-Na was detected by the EPR method, but it turned out to be incapable of reacting chemically with peroxynitrite. However, AV-153-Na effectively decreased DNA damage produced by peroxynitrite in cultured HeLa cells. The Glyco-SPOT test essentially revealed an inhibition by AV-153-Na of the enzymes involved thymine glycol repair. Results with ExSy-SPOT chip indicate that AV-153-Na significantly stimulates excision/synthesis repair of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), abasic sites (AP sites) and alkylated bases. Laser confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that within the cells AV-153-Na was found mostly in the cytoplasm; however, a stain in nucleolus was also detected. Binding to cytoplasmic structures might occur due to high affinity of the compound to proteins revealed by spectroscopical methods. Discussion Activation of DNA repair enzymes after binding to DNA appears to be the basis for the antimutagenic effects of AV-153-Na.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Leonova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Evita Rostoka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Turs Selga
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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