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Gao AX, Xia TC, Lin LS, Dong TT, Tsim KW. The neurotrophic activities of brain-derived neurotrophic factor are potentiated by binding with apigenin, a common flavone in vegetables, in stimulating the receptor signaling. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:2787-2799. [PMID: 37101380 PMCID: PMC10493664 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to identify the neurotrophic activities of apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) via its coordination with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and an elevated signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor B (Trk B receptor). METHODS The direct binding of apigenin to BDNF was validated by ultrafiltration and biacore assay. Neurogenesis, triggered by apigenin and/or BDNF, was determined in cultured SH-SY5Y cells and rat cortical neurons. The amyloid-beta (Aβ)25-35 -induced cellular stress was revealed by propidium iodide staining, mitochondrial membrane potential, bioenergetic analysis, and formation of reactive oxygen species levels. Activation of Trk B signaling was tested by western blotting. RESULTS Apigenin and BDNF synergistically maintained the cell viability and promoted neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons. In addition, the BDNF-induced neurogenesis of cultured neurons was markedly potentiated by applied apigenin, including the induced expressions of neurofilaments, PSD-95 and synaptotagmin. Moreover, the synergy of apigenin and BDNF alleviated the (Aβ)25-35 -induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. The synergy could be accounted by phosphorylation of Trk B receptor, and which was fully blocked by a Trk inhibitor K252a. CONCLUSION Apigenin potentiates the neurotrophic activities of BDNF through direct binding, which may serve as a possible treatment for its curative efficiency in neurodegenerative diseases and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Xiong Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular NeuroscienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Tracy Chen‐Xi Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular NeuroscienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Lish Sheng‐Ying Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular NeuroscienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Tina Ting‐Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular NeuroscienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Karl Wah‐Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular NeuroscienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
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Urmann C, Bieler L, Hackl M, Chia-Leeson O, Couillard-Despres S, Riepl H. Semi-Synthesis of Different Pyranoflavonoid Backbones and the Neurogenic Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104023. [PMID: 37241764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and chalcones are known for their manifold biological activities, of which many affect the central nervous system. Pyranochalcones were recently shown to have a great neurogenic potential, which is partly due to a specific structural motif-the pyran ring. Accordingly, we questioned if other flavonoid backbones with a pyran ring as structural moiety would also show neurogenic potential. Different semi-synthetic approaches starting with the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol, isolated from hops, led to pyranoflavanoids with different backbones. We identified the chalcone backbone as the most active backbone with pyran ring using a reporter gene assay based on the promoter activity of doublecortin, an early neuronal marker. Pyranochalcones therefore appear to be promising compounds for further development as a treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Urmann
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hackl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Olivia Chia-Leeson
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Riepl
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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Dehghan M, Fathinejad F, Farzaei MH, Barzegari E. In silico unraveling of molecular anti-neurodegenerative profile of Citrus medica flavonoids against novel pharmaceutical targets. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yarim GF, Kazak F, Yarim M, Sozmen M, Genc B, Ertekin A, Gokceoglu A. Apigenin alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35698811 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2089136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of apigenin on inflammatory response in brain tissue in Parkinson's mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Parkinson's disease model was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Sixty 8-10-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups control, Parkinson, prophylaxis, and treatment. Control (0.9% NaCl 0.5 ml, 10 days, i.p.), Parkinson (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), prophylaxis (50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days + 25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), and treatment (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days + 50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days). The expressions and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were determined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. RESULTS Apigenin administration attenuated MPTP-induced histopathological changes in brain tissue. Furthermore, apigenin reversed the changes in expressions and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β. CONCLUSION This study suggests that apigenin could be used as a neuroprotective option to attenuate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Fatma Yarim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kazak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Murat Yarim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Bugra Genc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Laboratory Animals, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ertekin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Ayris Gokceoglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
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Wang X, Li J, Zhao D, Li J. |Therapeutic and preventive effects of apigenin in cerebral ischemia: a review. Food Funct 2022; 13:11425-11437. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
APG can exert various protective effects against cerebral ischemia. Moreover, APG has shown a highly promising ability to prevent cerebral ischemia in terms of regulating blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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Jittiwat J, Chonpathompikunlert P, Sukketsiri W. Neuroprotective effects of Apium graveolens against focal cerebral ischemia occur partly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2256-2263. [PMID: 33006386 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a neurological disease caused by a sudden disturbance of cerebral blood flow to the brain, leading to loss of brain function. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that dietary enrichment with nutritional antioxidants could reduce brain damage and improve cognitive function. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of Apium graveolens, a medicinal plant with putative neuroprotective activity, against oxidative-stress-related brain damage and brain damage due to inflammation induced by focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats were administered with an extract of A. graveolens orally 14 days before permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery. The brain infarct volumes of rats in each group were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the density of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of rats was determined by cresyl violet staining. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were also quantified at the end of the study period. RESULTS Our results show that A. graveolens extract significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neuronal density in the cortex and hippocampus of rats receiving A. graveolens extract compared with those rats receiving no treatment. This neuroprotective effect was found to occur partly due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that A. graveolens helps to reduce the severity of cognitive damage caused by focal cerebral ischemia. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Expert Centre of Innovative Health Food (InnoFood), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Guedj F, Siegel AE, Pennings JLA, Alsebaa F, Massingham LJ, Tantravahi U, Bianchi DW. Apigenin as a Candidate Prenatal Treatment for Trisomy 21: Effects in Human Amniocytes and the Ts1Cje Mouse Model. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:911-931. [PMID: 33098770 PMCID: PMC7675036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fetuses with trisomy 21 (T21) have atypical brain development that is apparent sonographically in the second trimester. We hypothesize that by analyzing and integrating dysregulated gene expression and pathways common to humans with Down syndrome (DS) and mouse models we can discover novel targets for prenatal therapy. Here, we tested the safety and efficacy of apigenin, identified with this approach, in both human amniocytes from fetuses with T21 and in the Ts1Cje mouse model. In vitro, T21 cells cultured with apigenin had significantly reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant defense response. In vivo, apigenin treatment mixed with chow was administered prenatally to the dams and fed to the pups over their lifetimes. There was no significant increase in birth defects or pup deaths resulting from prenatal apigenin treatment. Apigenin significantly improved several developmental milestones and spatial olfactory memory in Ts1Cje neonates. In addition, we noted sex-specific effects on exploratory behavior and long-term hippocampal memory in adult mice, and males showed significantly more improvement than females. We demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of apigenin are pleiotropic, resulting in decreased oxidative stress, activation of pro-proliferative and pro-neurogenic genes (KI67, Nestin, Sox2, and PAX6), reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines INFG, IL1A, and IL12P70 through the inhibition of NFκB signaling, increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10 and IL12P40, and increased expression of the angiogenic and neurotrophic factors VEGFA and IL7. These studies provide proof of principle that apigenin has multiple therapeutic targets in preclinical models of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faycal Guedj
- Prenatal Genomics and Therapy Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Ashley E Siegel
- Prenatal Genomics and Therapy Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, BA 3720, the Netherlands
| | - Fatimah Alsebaa
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lauren J Massingham
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Umadevi Tantravahi
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Prenatal Genomics and Therapy Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Masood MI, Schäfer KH, Naseem M, Weyland M, Meiser P. Troxerutin flavonoid has neuroprotective properties and increases neurite outgrowth and migration of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237025. [PMID: 32797057 PMCID: PMC7428079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin (TRX) is a water-soluble flavonoid which occurs commonly in the edible plants. Recent studies state that TRX improves the functionality of the nervous system and neutralizes Amyloid-ß induced neuronal toxicity. In this study, an in vitro assay based upon Neural stem cell (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal balb/c mice was established to explore the impact of TRX on individual neurogenesis processes in general and neuroprotective effect against ß-amyloid 1-42 (Aß42) induced inhibition in differentiation in particular. NSCs were identified exploiting immunostaining of the NSCs markers. Neurosphere clonogenic assay and BrdU/Ki67 immunostaining were employed to unravel the impact of TRX on proliferation. Differentiation experiments were carried out for a time span lasting from 48 h to 7 days utilizing ß-tubulin III and GFAP as neuronal and astrocyte marker respectively. Protective effects of TRX on Aß42 induced depression of NSCs differentiation were determined after 48 h of application. A neurosphere migration assay was carried out for 24 h in the presence and absence of TRX. Interestingly, TRX enhanced neuronal differentiation of NSCs in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h and 7 days of incubation and significantly enhanced neurite growth. A higher concentration of TRX also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on neurite outgrowth and length after 48 h of incubation. TRX significantly stimulated cell migration. Overall, TRX not only promoted NSCs differentiation and migration but also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on NSCs. TRX, therefore, offers an interesting lead structure from the perspective of drug design especially to promote neurogenesis in neurological disorders i.e. Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Masood
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Maximilian Weyland
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Meiser
- Medical Scientific Department GM, URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Zhang FQ, Jiang JL, Zhang JT, Niu H, Fu XQ, Zeng LL. Current status and future prospects of stem cell therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:242-250. [PMID: 31552889 PMCID: PMC6905342 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatment approaches using drugs only alleviate the symptoms without curing the disease, which is a serious issue and influences the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. In recent years, stem cell technology has provided new insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, the main sources of stem cells include neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and general treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and the current state of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We also assess future challenges in the clinical application and drug development of stem cell transplantation as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Zhang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin-Lan Jiang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing-Tian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Han Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Qi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Functional Group-Dependent Induction of Astrocytogenesis and Neurogenesis by Flavone Derivatives. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120812. [PMID: 31810286 PMCID: PMC6995541 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into multiple cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and provide an excellent platform to screen drugs against neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids exert a wide range of biological functions on several cell types and affect the fate of NSCs. In the present study, we investigated whether the structure-activity relationships of flavone derivatives influence NSC differentiation. As previously reported, we observed that PD98059 (2′-amino-3′-methoxy-flavone), compound 2 (3′-methoxy-flavone) induced astrocytogenesis. In the present study, we showed that compound 3 (2′-hydroxy-3′-methoxy-flavone), containing a 3′-methoxy group, and a non-bulky group at C2′ and C4′, induced astrocytogenesis through JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway. However, compound 1 and 7–12 without the methoxy group did not show such effects. Interestingly, the compounds 4 (2′,3′-dimethoxyflavone), 5 (2′-N-phenylacetamido-3′-methoxy-flavone), and 6 (3′,4′-dimethoxyflavone) containing 3′-methoxy could not promote astrocytic differentiation, suggesting that both the methoxy groups at C3′ and non-bulky group at C2′ and C4′ are required for the induction of astrocytogenesis. Notably, compound 6 promoted neuronal differentiation, whereas its 4′-demethoxylated analog, compound 2, repressed neurogenesis, suggesting an essential role of the methoxy group at C4′ in neurogenesis. These findings revealed that subtle structural changes of flavone derivatives have pronounced effects on NSC differentiation and can guide to design and develop novel flavone chemicals targeting NSCs fate regulation.
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Nikbakht F, Khadem Y, Haghani S, Hoseininia H, Moein Sadat A, Heshemi P, Jamali N. Protective Role of Apigenin Against Aβ 25-35 Toxicity Via Inhibition of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Release. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:557-566. [PMID: 32477473 PMCID: PMC7253805 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is the most common problem of patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD). The pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment in AD may contribute to neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and alteration in neurotransmitters receptors. Mitochondrial synapses dysfunction due to the accumulation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) is one of the earliest pathological features of AD. The flavone apigenin has been reported to play some protective roles in AD through the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed at investigating the effects of apigenin on spatial working memory and neural protection by restoring mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of caspase 9. Methods: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Aβ 25–35 was used for AD modeling. Working memory was assessed 21 days later using the Y maze test. Neuronal loss was detected in the hilar area of the hippocampus using Nissl and Fluoro-jade B staining, whereas immunohistochemistry was used to illustrate cytochrome c positive cells and caspase 9. Results: The results revealed that apigenin significantly ameliorated spatial working memory. It also significantly reduced the number of degenerative neurons in the hilus area. Apigenin almost completely blocked the release of cytochrome c and caspase 9 in hilus. Conclusion: Apigenin may improve the spatial working memory deficits and neuronal degeneration through the amelioration of the mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Nikbakht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Khadem
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sobhan Haghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Hoseininia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moein Sadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Heshemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nida Jamali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Apium Plants: Beyond Simple Food and Phytopharmacological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apium plants belong to the Apiaceae family and are included among plants that have been in use in traditional medicine for thousands of years worldwide, including in the Mediterranean, as well as the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Some highlighted medical benefits include prevention of coronary and vascular diseases. Their phytochemical constituents consist of bergapten, flavonoids, glycosides, furanocoumarins, furocoumarin, limonene, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and selinene. Some of their pharmacological properties include anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, nematocidal, anti-rheumatism, antiasthma, anti-bronchitis, hepatoprotective, appetizer, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, breast milk inducer, anti-jaundice, antihypertensive, anti-dysmenorrhea, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and spermatogenesis induction. The present review summarizes data on ecology, botany, cultivation, habitat, medicinal use, phytochemical composition, preclinical and clinical pharmacological efficacy of Apium plants and provides future direction on how to take full advantage of Apium plants for the optimal benefit to mankind.
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Stem Cells as Potential Targets of Polyphenols in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1483791. [PMID: 30112360 PMCID: PMC6077677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis are major neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal pathogenic proteins due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and pathogens, leading to neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. Herein, we reviewed the utility of plant polyphenols in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells for inducing brain self-repair in AD and multiple sclerosis. Firstly, we discussed the genetic, physiological, and environmental factors involved in the pathophysiology of both the disorders. Next, we reviewed various stem cell therapies available and how they have proved useful in animal models of AD and multiple sclerosis. Lastly, we discussed how polyphenols utilize the potential of stem cells, either complementing their therapeutic effects or stimulating endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis, against these diseases. We suggest that polyphenols could be a potential candidate for stem cell therapy against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Sharma P, Sharma S, Singh D. Apigenin reverses behavioural impairments and cognitive decline in kindled mice via CREB-BDNF upregulation in the hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:118-127. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1478653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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Chonpathompikunlert P, Boonruamkaew P, Sukketsiri W, Hutamekalin P, Sroyraya M. The antioxidant and neurochemical activity of Apium graveolens L. and its ameliorative effect on MPTP-induced Parkinson-like symptoms in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:103. [PMID: 29558946 PMCID: PMC5859653 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apium graveolens L. is a traditional Chinese medicine prescribed as a treatment for hypertension, gout, and diabetes. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of A. graveolens extract against a Parkinson's disease (PD) model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice treated with MPTP were orally dosed with A. graveolens extract daily for 21 days. Behavioral tests, including a rotarod apparatus, a narrow beam test, a drag test, a grid walk test, a swimming test, and a resting tremor evaluation, were performed. Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed, and monoamine oxidase A and B activity, lipid peroxidation activity, and superoxide anion levels were measured. Immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase was performed to identify dopaminergic neurons. RESULTS We found that treatment with A. graveolens at dose of 375 mg/kg demonstrated the highest effect and led to significant improvements in behavioral performance, oxidative stress parameters, and monoamine oxidase A and B activity compared with the untreated group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the extract increased the number of neurons immunopositive for tyrosine hydroxylase expression compared with MPTP alone or MPTP with a positive control drug (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We speculated that A. graveolens ameliorated behavioral performance by mediating neuroprotection against MPTP-induced PD via antioxidant effects, related neurotransmitter pathways and an increase in the number of dopaminergic neurons.
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Tu F, Pang Q, Huang T, Zhao Y, Liu M, Chen X. Apigenin Ameliorates Post-Stroke Cognitive Deficits in Rats Through Histone Acetylation-Mediated Neurochemical Alterations. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4004-4013. [PMID: 28821706 PMCID: PMC5572783 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify the effect of apigenin on cognitive deficits of rats after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, and to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms. Material/Methods The rats were given sodium butyrate (NaB) or apigenin (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 28 days. Cognition was investigated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. On day 28, the rats were euthanized and their hippocampal brain regions were used to identify biochemical and neurochemical alterations. The content of histone deacetylase (HDAC) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of BDNF, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB), acetylated H3, and acetylated H4. The mRNA expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synapsin-I (Syn-I) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The rats with chronic administration of apigenin (20 and 40 mg/kg) showed better performance in the MWM task than the model rats; there was no significant difference between the apigenin-treated and NaB-treated rats. At the higher apigenin dose of 40 mg/kg, the HDAC content was decreased, the BDNF level was markedly increased, and acetylated H3 and acetylated H4 expressions and Syn-I expressions in the hippocampus was upregulated compared with the model group. Apigenin at 20 mg/kg did not show reversal of the neurochemical alterations. Conclusions The improvement effect of apigenin on cognitive impairments after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury may involve multiple mechanisms, such as the inhibition of HDAC, induction of BDNF and Syn-I expression, and regulation of histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Tu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qiongyi Pang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Meixia Liu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Assessment of the potential activity of major dietary compounds as selective estrogen receptor modulators in two distinct cell models for proliferation and differentiation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 325:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Boonruamkaew P, Sukketsiri W, Panichayupakaranant P, Kaewnam W, Tanasawet S, Tipmanee V, Hutamekalin P, Chonpathompikunlert P. Apium graveolens extract influences mood and cognition in healthy mice. J Nat Med 2017; 71:492-505. [PMID: 28205135 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phetcharat Boonruamkaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wijittra Kaewnam
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supita Tanasawet
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pilaiwanwadee Hutamekalin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
- College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, 39/1 Ratchadaphisek, Chantharakasem, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Neurodegenerative Diseases: Might Citrus Flavonoids Play a Protective Role? Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101312. [PMID: 27706034 PMCID: PMC6274333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) result from the gradual and progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system or both. They are characterized by deterioration of neurons and/or myelin sheath, disruption of sensory information transmission and loss of movement control. There is no effective treatment for ND, and the drugs currently marketed are symptom-oriented, albeit with several side effects. Within the past decades, several natural remedies have gained attention as potential neuroprotective drugs. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have suggested that dietary intake of vegetables and fruits can prevent or delay the onset of ND. These properties are mainly due to the presence of polyphenols, an important group of phytochemicals that are abundantly present in fruits, vegetables, cereals and beverages. The main class of polyphenols is flavonoids, abundant in Citrus fruits. Our review is an overview on the scientific literature concerning the neuroprotective effects of the Citrus flavonoids in the prevention or treatment of ND. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of nutraceuticals, food supplements or complementary and alternative drugs to maintain and improve the neurophysiological status.
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Choi S, Youn J, Kim K, Joo DH, Shin S, Lee J, Lee HK, An IS, Kwon S, Youn HJ, Ahn KJ, An S, Cha HJ. Apigenin inhibits UVA-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and prevents signs of skin aging in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:627-34. [PMID: 27279007 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavone that has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of apigenin on skin and found that, in experiments using cells, apigenin restored the viability of normal human dermal fibroblasts (nHDFs), which had been decreased by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the UVA range. Using a senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal assay, we also demonstrate that apigenin protects against the UVA-induced senescence of nHDFs. Furthermore, we found that apigenin decreased the expression of the collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, in UVA-irradiated nHDFs. UVA, which has been previously identified as a photoaging-inducing factor, has been shown to induce MMP-1 expression. The elevated expression of MMP-1 impairs the collagen matrix, leading to the loss of elasticity and skin dryness. Therefore, we examined the clinical efficacy of apigenin on aged skin, using an apigenin‑containing cream for clinical application. Specifically, we measured dermal density, skin elasticity and the length of fine wrinkles in subjects treated with apigenin cream or the control cream without apigenin. Additionally, we investigated the effects of the apigenin-containing cream on skin texture, moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). From these experiments, we found that the apigenin‑containing cream increased dermal density and elasticity, and reduced fine wrinkle length. It also improved skin evenness, moisture content and TEWL. These results clearly demonstrate the biological effects of apigenin, demonstrating both its cellular and clinical efficacy, and suggest that this compound holds promise as an anti-aging cosmetic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Choi
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeungyeun Youn
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Karam Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Joo
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanghun Shin
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongju Lee
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- GeneCellPharm Incorporated, Venture Center II, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbin Kwon
- GeneCellPharm Incorporated, Venture Center II, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jun Cha
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Venigalla M, Sonego S, Gyengesi E, Sharman MJ, Münch G. Novel promising therapeutics against chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2015; 95:63-74. [PMID: 26529297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as microglial and astroglial activation, and, finally, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. Current treatments for AD primarily focus on enhancement of cholinergic transmission. However, these treatments are only symptomatic, and no disease-modifying drug is available for the treatment of AD patients. This review will provide an overview of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, and cognition-enhancing effects of a variety of nutraceuticals including curcumin, apigenin, docosahexaenoic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, α-lipoic acid and resveratrol and their potential for AD prevention and treatment. We suggest that therapeutic use of these compounds might lead to a safe strategy to delay the onset of AD or slow down its progression. The continuing investigation of the potential of these substances is necessary as they are promising compounds to yield a possible remedy for this pervasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Venigalla
- Dept of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra Sonego
- Dept of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Dept of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Gerald Münch
- Dept of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
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22
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Simonyan KV, Chavushyan VA. Neuroprotective activity of hydroponic Teucrium polium following bilateral ovariectomy. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:785-92. [PMID: 25502011 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovariectomy is known as "surgical menopause" with decreased levels of estrogen in female rodents. Its reported risks and adverse effects include cognitive impairment. The action of hydroponic Teucrium polium on nucleus basalis of Meynert (bnM) neurons following 6 weeks of ovariectomy was carried out. The analysis of spike activity was observed by on-line selection and the use of a software package. Early and late tetanic, - posttetanic potentiation and depression of neurons to high frequency stimulation of hippocampus were studied. The complex averaged peri-event time and frequency histograms were constructed. The histochemical study of the activity of Са(2+)-dependent acid phosphatase was observed. In conditions of hydroponic Teucrium polium administration, positive changes in neurons and gain of metabolism leading to cellular survival were revealed. The administration of Teucrium polium elicited neurodegenerative changes in bnM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Simonyan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Relationships, Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Yerevan, 0028, Armenia,
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23
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Alhazmi MI. Molecular docking of selected phytocompounds with H1N1 Proteins. Bioinformation 2015; 11:196-202. [PMID: 26124560 PMCID: PMC4479056 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza virus is a serious threat to human population. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are known antiviral drugs for
swine flu with observed side effects. These drugs are viral neuraminidase and hemagglutinin inhibitor prevents early virus
multiplication by blocking sialic acid cleavage on host cells. Therefore, it is of interest to identify naturally occurring novel
compounds to control viral growth. Thus, H1N1 proteins (neuraminidase and hemagglutinin) were screened with
phytocompounds isolated from Tulsi plant (Ocimum sanctum L.) using molecular docking tools. This identified Apigenin as an
alternative to Oseltamivir and Zanamivir with improved predicted binding properties. Hence, it is of interest to consider this
compound for further in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Alhazmi
- Dept. of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, KSA
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24
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Cheng X, Yi B, Zhang X, Li Q. Apigenin induces dermal collagen synthesis via smad2/3 signaling pathway. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2467. [PMID: 26150153 PMCID: PMC4503966 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decrease in fibroblast-produced collagen has been proven to be the pivotal cause of skin aging, but there is no satisfactory drug which directly increases dermal thickness and collage density. Here we found that a flavonoid natural product, apigenin, could significantly increase collagen synthesis. NIH/3T3 and primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were incubated with various concentrations of apigenin, with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) serving as the negative control. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western Blot, and Toluidine blue staining demonstrated that apigenin stimulated type-I and type-III collagen synthesis of fibroblasts on the mRNA and protein levels. Meanwhile, apigenin did not induce expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vitro and in vivo, a fibrotic marker in living tissues. Then the production of collagen was confirmed by Masson’s trichrome stain, Picrosirius red stain and immunohistochemistry in mouse models. We also clarified that this compound induced collagen synthesis by activating smad2/3 signaling pathway. Taken together, without obvious influence on fibroblasts’ apoptosis and viability, apigenin could promote the type-I and type-III collagen synthesis of dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting that apigenin may serve as a potential agent for esthetic and reconstructive skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
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Chaurasiya ND, Ibrahim MA, Muhammad I, Walker LA, Tekwani BL. Monoamine oxidase inhibitory constituents of propolis: kinetics and mechanism of inhibition of recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B. Molecules 2014; 19:18936-52. [PMID: 25412041 PMCID: PMC6271006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is the resinous material that bees gather from leaf buds, flowers and vegetables. Propolis extracts contain constituents with a broad spectra of pharmacological properties and are important ingredients of popular dietary supplements. Propolis extracts were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of recombinant human monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B. The dichloromethane extract of propolis showed potent inhibition of human MAO-A and MAO-B. Further fractionation identified the most active fractions as rich in flavonoids. Galangin and apigenin were identified as the principal MAO-inhibitory constituents. Inhibition of MAO-A by galangin was about 36 times more selective than MAO-B, while apigenin selectivity for MAO-A vs. MAO-B was about 1.7 fold. Apigenin inhibited MAO-B significantly more potently than galangin. Galangin and apigenin were further evaluated for kinetic characteristics and the mechanism for the enzymes’ inhibition. Binding of galangin and apigenin with MAO-A and -B was not time-dependent and was reversible, as suggested by enzyme-inhibitor binding and dissociation-dialysis assay. The inhibition kinetics studies suggested that galangin and apigenin inhibited MAO-A and -B by a competitive mechanism. Presence of prominent MAO inhibitory constituents in propolis products suggests their potential for eliciting pharmacological effects that might be useful in depression or other neurological disorders. The results may also have important implications in drug-dietary supplement interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D Chaurasiya
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Patil SP, Jain PD, Sancheti JS, Ghumatkar PJ, Tambe R, Sathaye S. Neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of Apigenin and Luteolin in MPTP induced parkinsonism in mice. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Campos-Bedolla P, Walter FR, Veszelka S, Deli MA. Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in the Nutrition of the Central Nervous System. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:610-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lu J, Zhang Z, Ni Z, Shen H, Tu Z, Liu H, Lu R. QM/MM–PB/SA scoring of the interaction strength between Akt kinase and apigenin analogues. Comput Biol Chem 2014; 52:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Feltes BC, Bonatto D. Combining small molecules for cell reprogramming through an interatomic analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 9:2741-63. [PMID: 24056910 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge available about the application and generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has grown since their discovery, and new techniques to enhance the reprogramming process have been described. Among the new approaches to induce iPSC that have gained great attention is the use of small molecules for reprogramming. The application of small molecules, unlike genetic manipulation, provides for control of the reprogramming process through the shifting of concentrations and the combination of different molecules. However, different researchers have reported the use of "reprogramming cocktails" with variable results and drug combinations. Thus, the proper combination of small molecules for successful and enhanced reprogramming is a matter for discussion. However, testing all potential drug combinations in different cell lineages is very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, in this article, we discuss the use of already employed molecules for iPSC generation, followed by the application of systems chemo-biology tools to create different data sets of protein-protein (PPI) and chemical-protein (CPI) interaction networks based on the knowledge of already used and new reprogramming cocktail combinations. We further analyzed the biological processes associated with PPI-CPI networks and provided new potential protein targets to be inhibited or expressed for stem cell reprogramming. In addition, we applied a new interference analysis to prospective targets that could negatively affect the classical pluripotency-associated factors (SOX2, NANOG, KLF4 and OCT4) and thus potentially improve reprogramming protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500 - Prédio 43421 - Sala 219, Porto Alegre, Caixa Postal 15005, RS - Brazil.
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Popović M, Caballero-Bleda M, Benavente-García O, Castillo J. The flavonoid apigenin delays forgetting of passive avoidance conditioning in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:498-501. [PMID: 24284476 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113512040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present experiments were performed to study the effect of the flavonoid apigenin (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), 1 h before acquisition), on 24 h retention performance and forgetting of a step-through passive avoidance task, in young male Wistar rats. There were no differences between saline- and apigenin-treated groups in the 24 h retention trial. Furthermore, apigenin did not prevent the amnesia induced by scopolamine (1mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before the acquisition). The saline- and apigenin-treated rats that did not step through into the dark compartment during the cut-off time (540 s) were retested weekly for up to eight weeks. In the saline treated group, the first significant decline in passive avoidance response was observed at four weeks, and complete memory loss was found five weeks after the acquisition of the passive avoidance task. At the end of the experimental period, 60% of the animals treated with apigenin still did not step through. These data suggest that 1) apigenin delays the long-term forgetting but did not modulate the 24 h retention of fear memory and 2) the obtained beneficial effect of apigenin on the passive avoidance conditioning is mediated by mechanisms that do not implicate its action on the muscarinic cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroljub Popović
- 1Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Lu J, Zhang Z, Ni Z, Shen H, Tu Z, Liu H, Lu R, Shi H. The non-additive contribution of hydroxyl substituents to Akt kinase–apigenin affinity. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2014.913099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Beppe GJ, Dongmo AB, Foyet HS, Tsabang N, Olteanu Z, Cioanca O, Hancianu M, Dimo T, Hritcu L. Memory-enhancing activities of the aqueous extract of Albizia adianthifolia leaves in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson's disease. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:142. [PMID: 24884469 PMCID: PMC4019966 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. Wright (Fabaceae) is a traditional herb largely used in the African traditional medicine as analgesic, purgative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and memory-enhancer drug. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the possible cognitive-enhancing and antioxidative effects of the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods The effect of the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves (150 and 300 mg/kg, orally, daily, for 21 days) on spatial memory performance was assessed using Y-maze and radial arm-maze tasks, as animal models of spatial memory. Pergolide - induced rotational behavior test was employed to validate unilateral damage to dopamine nigrostriatal neurons. Also, in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed through the estimation of total flavonoid and total phenolic contents along with determination of free radical scavenging activity. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences were determined by Tukey’s post hoc test. F values for which p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used in order to evaluate the association between behavioral parameters and net rotations in rotational behavior test. Results The 6-OHDA-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of spontaneous alternations percentage within Y-maze task and increase of working memory errors and reference memory errors within radial arm maze task. Administration of the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves significantly improved these parameters, suggesting positive effects on spatial memory formation. Also, the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves showed potent in vitro antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in vivo evaluation, the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves attenuated the contralateral rotational asymmetry observed by pergolide challenge in 6-OHDA-treated rats. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves possesses antioxidant potential and might provide an opportunity for management neurological abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease conditions.
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Bao YY, Zhou SH, Fan J, Wang QY. Anticancer mechanism of apigenin and the implications of GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers. Future Oncol 2014; 9:1353-64. [PMID: 23980682 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a natural phytoestrogen flavonoid, has potential biological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The mechanisms of anticancer activities of apigenin are unknown. Some studies have found that apigenin inhibits GLUT-1 mRNA and protein expression in cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that apigenin exerts similar effects on head and neck cancers through its inhibition of GLUT-1 expression. In this article, we review the anticancer mechanism of apigenin and the implications of GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers. In addition, we describe the current state of knowledge about the relationship between apigenin and GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Corbett A, Williams G, Ballard C. Drug repositioning: an opportunity to develop novel treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1304-21. [PMID: 24275851 PMCID: PMC3817602 DOI: 10.3390/ph6101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting approximately two thirds of the 35 million people worldwide with the condition. Despite this, effective treatments are lacking, and there are no drugs that elicit disease modifying effects to improve outcome. There is an urgent need to develop and evaluate more effective pharmacological treatments. Drug repositioning offers an exciting opportunity to repurpose existing licensed treatments for use in AD, with the benefit of providing a far more rapid route to the clinic than through novel drug discovery approaches. This review outlines the current most promising candidates for repositioning in AD, their supporting evidence and their progress through trials to date. Furthermore, it begins to explore the potential of new transcriptomic and microarray techniques to consider the future of drug repositioning as a viable approach to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Corbett
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Rithidech KN, Tungjai M, Reungpatthanaphong P, Honikel L, Simon SR. Attenuation of oxidative damage and inflammatory responses by apigenin given to mice after irradiation. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 749:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Shivaraj MC, Marcy G, Low G, Ryu JR, Zhao X, Rosales FJ, Goh ELK. Taurine induces proliferation of neural stem cells and synapse development in the developing mouse brain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42935. [PMID: 22916184 PMCID: PMC3423436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid present in high concentrations in mammalian tissues. It has been implicated in several processes involving brain development and neurotransmission. However, the role of taurine in hippocampal neurogenesis during brain development is still unknown. Here we show that taurine regulates neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the developing brain as well as in cultured early postnatal (P5) hippocampal progenitor cells and hippocampal slices derived from P5 mice brains. Taurine increased cell proliferation without having a significant effect on neural differentiation both in cultured P5 NPCs as well as cultured hippocampal slices and in vivo. Expression level analysis of synaptic proteins revealed that taurine increases the expression of Synapsin 1 and PSD 95. We also found that taurine stimulates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 indicating a possible role of the ERK pathway in mediating the changes that we observed, especially in proliferation. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role for taurine in neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in developing brain and suggest the involvement of the ERK1/2 pathways in mediating these actions. Our study also shows that taurine influences the levels of proteins associated with synapse development. This is the first evidence showing the effect of taurine on early postnatal neuronal development using a combination of in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattu Chetana Shivaraj
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Marcy
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoliang Low
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- Cognition Center of Excellence, Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Asia Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francisco J. Rosales
- Cognition Center of Excellence, Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Asia Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eyleen L. K. Goh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR-Duke-NUS Neuroscience Research Partnership, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
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Bistrian BR, Askew W, Erdman JW, Oria MP. Nutrition and traumatic brain injury: a perspective from the Institute of Medicine report. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012; 35:556-9. [PMID: 21881010 DOI: 10.1177/0148607111416122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW. Overcoming the Aging Systemic Milieu to Restore Neural Stem Cell Function. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:681-4. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Mendelsohn
- Panorama Research Institute and Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnyvale, California
| | - James W. Larrick
- Panorama Research Institute and Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnyvale, California
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Taupin P. Thirteen compounds promoting oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination for treating multiple sclerosis: WO2010054307. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1767-73. [PMID: 20954805 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.528393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application is in the field of cellular therapy and neural repair. OBJECTIVE It aims at identifying and characterizing compounds and molecules that promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and remyelination of the nervous system. METHODS Library of compounds and molecules were screened on a series of assays specifically designed and developed to assess the activity and potency of compounds and molecules on the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and on remyelination of nerve cells in in vitro and in vivo models, such as cultures of neural progenitor and stem cells, cerebellar organotypic cultures, the zebrafish and the cuprizone-mediated demyelination mouse models. RESULTS In all, 13 compounds were identified and characterized, after a secondary screening, for inducing the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and for promoting myelination and remyelination in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The 13 compounds, promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and myelination of nerve cells, may be used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other myelin-related disorders. The application claims the use of the compounds to promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and endogenous remyelination for the treatment of demyelinating diseases alone or in combination with other agents and drugs, such as immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Taupin
- Dublin City University, School of Biotechnology, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Taupin P. Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells as a model for the discovery and development of novel drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:921-5. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.512038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lin CW, Wu MJ, Liu IYC, Su JD, Yen JH. Neurotrophic and cytoprotective action of luteolin in PC12 cells through ERK-dependent induction of Nrf2-driven HO-1 expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4477-4486. [PMID: 20302373 DOI: 10.1021/jf904061x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a food-derived flavonoid, has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In this work, we assessed whether luteolin has neurotrophic activity, namely, the ability to induce neurite outgrowth and to attenuate serum withdrawal-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Our results show that luteolin significantly induced neurite outgrowth along with increased expression of the differentiation marker, growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), in PC12 cells dose-dependently. Incubation of serum-deprived PC12 cells with luteolin prevented apoptosis, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA and protein levels, and enhanced the binding of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to antioxidant response element (ARE), which works as an enhancer sequence in the HO-1 promoter. Addition of zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp), a selective HO-1 competitive inhibitor, significantly reduced the cytoprotective ability of luteolin, indicating the vital role of HO-1. Luteolin also persistently activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2); while the addition of U0126, a pharmacological MEK/ERK inhibitor, attenuated luteolin-induced Nrf2 binding activity, HO-1 expression, cytoprotective effect, and neurite outgrowth. Taken together, the above findings suggest that luteolin induces neurite outgrowth and augments cellular antioxidant defense capacity, at least in part, through the activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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