1
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Puls K, Olivé-Marti AL, Hongnak S, Lamp D, Spetea M, Wolber G. Discovery of Novel, Selective, and Nonbasic Agonists for the Kappa-Opioid Receptor Determined by Salvinorin A-Based Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2024; 67:13788-13801. [PMID: 39088801 PMCID: PMC11345774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Modulating the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) is a promising strategy for treating various human diseases. KOR agonists show potential for treating pain, pruritus, and epilepsy, while KOR antagonists show potential for treating depression, anxiety, and addiction. The diterpenoid Salvinorin A (SalA), a secondary metabolite of Salvia divinorum, is a potent and selective KOR agonist. Unlike typical opioids, SalA lacks a basic nitrogen, which encouraged us to search for nonbasic KOR ligands. Through structure-based virtual screening using 3D pharmacophore models based on the binding mode of SalA, we identified novel, nonbasic, potent, and selective KOR agonists. In vitro studies confirmed two virtual hits, SalA-VS-07 and SalA-VS-08, as highly selective for the KOR and showing G protein-biased KOR agonist activity. Both KOR ligands share a novel spiro-moiety and a nonbasic scaffold. Our findings provide novel starting points for developing therapeutics aimed at treating pain and other conditions in which KOR is a central player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Puls
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aina-Leonor Olivé-Marti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for
Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Siriwat Hongnak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for
Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Lamp
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for
Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for
Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Guttlein L, Macchione AF, Hernández-Fonseca K, Haymal OB, Molina JC, Méndez Ubach M, Abate P. Maternal manipulation during late gestation (GDs 17-20) enhances ethanol consumption and promotes changes and opioid mRNA expression in infant rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111908. [PMID: 30986490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fetal ethanol experience generates learning and memories capable to increase ethanol consummatory behaviors during infancy. Opioid system seems to be involved in mediating those alcohol-related behaviors. In this work, we proposed to study the impact of prenatal exposure to a moderate ethanol dose, upon ingestion of the drug and possible ethanol-induced molecular changes on opioid precursor peptides (POMC, Pro-enk and Pro-DYN) and receptors (MOR, DOR and KOR) mRNA expression, in hypothalamus. Pregnant rats received during gestational days (GDs) 17-20, a daily intragastric (i.g.) administration with 2g/kg ethanol or water. A third group of dams was left undisturbed during pregnancy (Unmanipulated group). Intake test was conducted at postnatal days (PDs) 14-15. Three groups of pups were performed: control (no intake test), water (vehicle) and 5% ethanol. At the end of intake test blood samples were taken to quantify blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) and hypothalamus sections were obtained to perform qRT-PRC assessment of opioid precursor peptides and receptors. The analysis of the consummatory responses (% of consumption) and pharmacokinetic profiles (BECs) suggested that maternal manipulation induced by i.g. intubations, during the last four days of gestation (whenever ethanol or water), are sufficient to induce infantile ethanol intake during infancy. Gene expression from the hypothalamus of unmanipulated group revealed that infantile ingestive experiences with ethanol can down-regulate expression of mRNA Pro-Dyn and up-regulate mRNA expression of MOR and KOR. Finally, MOR mRNA expression was attenuated by prenatal i.g. manipulation in pups exposed to 5% ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Guttlein
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5016, Argentina
| | - Ana Fabiola Macchione
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5016, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina
| | - Karla Hernández-Fonseca
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Olga Beatriz Haymal
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5016, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5016, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina
| | - Milagros Méndez Ubach
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Paula Abate
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina.
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3
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Raffa RB, Burdge G, Gambrah J, Kinecki HE, Lin F, Lu B, Nguyen JT, Phan V, Ruan A, Sesay MA, Watkins TN. Cebranopadol: novel dual opioid/NOP receptor agonist analgesic. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 42:8-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Raffa
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
- University of Arizona College of Pharmacy; Tucson AZ USA
| | - G. Burdge
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. Gambrah
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - H. E. Kinecki
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - F. Lin
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - B. Lu
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. T. Nguyen
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - V. Phan
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - A. Ruan
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M. A. Sesay
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - T. N. Watkins
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
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4
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Zaveri NT. Nociceptin Opioid Receptor (NOP) as a Therapeutic Target: Progress in Translation from Preclinical Research to Clinical Utility. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7011-28. [PMID: 26878436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the two decades since the discovery of the nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) and its ligand, nociceptin/orphaninFQ (N/OFQ), steady progress has been achieved in understanding the pharmacology of this fourth opioid receptor/peptide system, aided by genetic and pharmacologic approaches. This research spawned an explosion of small-molecule NOP receptor ligands from discovery programs in major pharmaceutical companies. NOP agonists have been investigated for their efficacy in preclinical models of anxiety, cough, substance abuse, pain (spinal and peripheral), and urinary incontinence, whereas NOP antagonists have been investigated for treatment of pain, depression, and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Translation of preclinical findings into the clinic is guided by PET and receptor occupancy studies, particularly for NOP antagonists. Recent progress in preclinical NOP research suggests that NOP agonists may have clinical utility for pain treatment and substance abuse pharmacotherapy. This review discusses the progress toward validating the NOP-N/OFQ system as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics , 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
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5
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Zaveri NT, Journigan VB, Polgar WE. Discovery of the first small-molecule opioid pan antagonist with nanomolar affinity at mu, delta, kappa, and nociceptin opioid receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:646-57. [PMID: 25635572 PMCID: PMC4401318 DOI: 10.1021/cn500367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine scaffold is a known pharmacophore for mu opioid (MOP), kappa opioid (KOP), and delta opioid (DOP) receptor antagonists; however, it has not been explored in nociceptin opioid (NOP/ORL-1) receptor ligands. We recently found that the selective KOP antagonist JDTic, (3R)-7-hydroxy-N-((1S)-1-{[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide, containing this opioid antagonist pharmacophore, has significant binding affinity at the NOP receptor (Ki 16.67 ± 0.76 nM), with no intrinsic activity in the [(35)S]GTPγS functional assay. Since this is the first ligand containing the trans-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine opioid antagonist pharmacophore to have affinity for the NOP receptor, we explored the structural determinants of its NOP binding affinity. When rational chemical modifications of JDTic were carried out, based on our previously established NOP pharmacophoric structure-activity relationship (SAR) model, most modifications led to a significant decrease in NOP and opioid binding affinity compared to JDTic. Interestingly, however, removal of the 3,4-dimethyl groups of the trans-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine antagonist scaffold of JDTic increased the binding affinity at NOP by 10-fold (Ki 1.75 ± 0.74 nM) while maintaining comparable affinity for KOP, MOP, and DOP receptors (Ki 1.14 ± 0.63, 1.67 ± 0.6, and 19.6 ± 1.3 nM, respectively). In vitro functional efficacy studies using the [(35)S]GTPγS assay showed that this compound AT-076 functions as an antagonist at all four opioid receptors. Detailed characterization of the antagonist activity of AT-076 shows that it has a noncompetitive antagonist profile at the NOP and KOP receptors (insurmountable antagonism), but is a potent competitive antagonist at the MOP and DOP receptors, with Ke values 3-6-fold more potent than those of JDTic. AT-076 is the first opioid pan antagonist with high affinity at all four opioid receptor subtypes. Our SAR studies show that the 3,4-dimethyl groups of the well-known trans-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine opioid antagonist scaffold may be removed without significant loss in binding affinity or antagonist potency to obtain an opioid pan antagonist such as AT-076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulain T. Zaveri
- Astraea
Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite
142, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
| | - V. Blair Journigan
- Astraea
Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite
142, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
| | - Willma E. Polgar
- SRI International,
Biosciences, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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6
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Ross TM, Battista K, Bignan GC, Brenneman DE, Connolly PJ, Liu J, Middleton SA, Orsini M, Reitz AB, Rosenthal DI, Scott MK, Vaidya AH. A selective small molecule NOP (ORL-1 receptor) partial agonist for the treatment of anxiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:602-6. [PMID: 25556095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule (1) has been identified as a selective partial agonist of Opioid Receptor Like-1 (ORL-1) with potential utility for the treatment of anxiety and other disorders. Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) is an endogenous peptide ligand that binds to ORL-1, however it does not bind the classical δ, μ and κ opioid receptors with high affinity. The synthesis of 1 involved using a molecular diversity approach, to rapidly advance a library of compounds for biological testing. A lead selective potent partial agonist (35-fold ORL-1/Mu) progressed to ORL-1 (NOP or OP4) proof of concept testing in advanced studies. The synthetic approach and biological data for the related chemical series will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Morgan Ross
- West Chester University, Chemistry Department, West Chester, PA, USA.
| | | | - Gilles C Bignan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Peter J Connolly
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | | | - Malcolm K Scott
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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7
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Kothandan G, Gadhe CG, Balupuri A, Ganapathy J, Cho SJ. The nociceptin receptor (NOPR) and its interaction with clinically important agonist molecules: a membrane molecular dynamics simulation study. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:3188-98. [PMID: 25259728 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nociceptin receptor (NOPR) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that contains seven transmembrane helices. NOPR has a distinct mechanism of activation, though it shares a significant homology with other opioid receptors. Previously there have been reports on homology modeling of NOPR and also molecular dynamics simulation studies for a short period. Recently the crystal structure of NOPR was reported. In this study, we analyzed the time dependent behavior of NOPR docked with clinically important agonist molecules such as NOP (natural agonist) peptide and compound 10 (SCH-221510 derivative) using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) for 100 ns. Molecular dynamics simulations of NOPR-agonist complexes allowed us to refine the system and to also identify stable structures with better binding modes. Structure activity relationships (SAR) for SCH221510 derivatives were investigated and reasons for the activities of these derivatives were determined. Our molecular dynamics trajectory analysis of NOPR-peptide and NOPR-compound 10 complexes found residues to be crucial for binding. Mutagenesis studies on the residues identified from our analysis could prove useful. Our results could also provide useful information in the structure-based drug design of novel and potent agonists targeting NOPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugan Kothandan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600025, India.
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8
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Daga PR, Polgar WE, Zaveri NT. Structure-based virtual screening of the nociceptin receptor: hybrid docking and shape-based approaches for improved hit identification. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2732-43. [PMID: 25148595 PMCID: PMC4210177 DOI: 10.1021/ci500291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
antagonist-bound crystal structure of the nociceptin receptor
(NOP), from the opioid receptor family, was recently reported along
with those of the other opioid receptors bound to opioid antagonists.
We recently reported the first homology model of the ‘active-state’
of the NOP receptor, which when docked with ‘agonist’
ligands showed differences in the TM helices and residues, consistent
with GPCR activation after agonist binding. In this study, we explored
the use of the active-state NOP homology model for structure-based
virtual screening to discover NOP ligands containing new chemical
scaffolds. Several NOP agonist and antagonist ligands previously reported
are based on a common piperidine scaffold. Given the structure–activity
relationships for known NOP ligands, we developed a hybrid method
that combines a structure-based and ligand-based approach, utilizing
the active-state NOP receptor as well as the pharmacophoric features
of known NOP ligands, to identify novel NOP binding scaffolds by virtual
screening. Multiple conformations of the NOP active site including
the flexible second extracellular loop (EL2) loop were generated by
simulated annealing and ranked using enrichment factor (EF) analysis
and a ligand–decoy dataset containing known NOP agonist ligands.
The enrichment factors were further improved by combining shape-based
screening of this ligand–decoy dataset and calculation of consensus
scores. This combined structure-based and ligand-based EF analysis
yielded higher enrichment factors than the individual methods, suggesting
the effectiveness of the hybrid approach. Virtual screening of the
CNS Permeable subset of the ZINC database was carried out using the
above-mentioned hybrid approach in a tiered fashion utilizing a ligand
pharmacophore-based filtering step, followed by structure-based virtual
screening using the refined NOP active-state models from the enrichment
analysis. Determination of the NOP receptor binding affinity of a
selected set of top-scoring hits resulted in identification of several
compounds with measurable binding affinity at the NOP receptor, one
of which had a new chemotype for NOP receptor binding. The hybrid
ligand-based and structure-based methodology demonstrates an effective
approach for virtual screening that leverages existing SAR and receptor
structure information for identifying novel hits for NOP receptor
binding. The refined active-state NOP homology models obtained from
the enrichment studies can be further used for structure-based optimization
of these new chemotypes to obtain potent and selective NOP receptor
ligands for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj R Daga
- Astraea Therapeutics, LLC. , 320 Logue Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
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9
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Toledo MA, Pedregal C, Lafuente C, Diaz N, Martinez-Grau MA, Jiménez A, Benito A, Torrado A, Mateos C, Joshi EM, Kahl SD, Rash KS, Mudra DR, Barth VN, Shaw DB, McKinzie D, Witkin JM, Statnick MA. Discovery of a novel series of orally active nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor antagonists based on a dihydrospiro(piperidine-4,7'-thieno[2,3-c]pyran) scaffold. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3418-29. [PMID: 24678969 DOI: 10.1021/jm500117r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptin/OFQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that is the endogenous ligand for the ORL1/NOP receptor. Nociceptin appears to regulate a host of physiological functions such as biological reactions to stress, anxiety, mood, and drug abuse, in addition to feeding behaviors. To develop tools to study the function of nociceptin and NOP receptor, our research effort sought to identify orally available NOP antagonists. Our effort led to the discovery of a novel chemical series based on the dihydrospiro(piperidine-4,7'-thieno[2,3-c]pyran) scaffold. Herein we show that dihydrospiro(piperidine-4,7'-thieno[2,3-c]pyran)-derived compounds are potent NOP antagonists with high selectivity versus classical opioid receptors (μ, δ, and κ). Moreover, these compounds exhibit sufficient bioavailability to produce a high level of NOP receptor occupancy in the brain following oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Lilly, Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108-Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Todorov PT, Mateeva PI, Zamfirova RN, Pavlov ND, Naydenova ED. Synthesis and biological activity of new series of N-modified analogues of the N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 with aminophosphonate moiety. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1217-23. [PMID: 22143428 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New series of N-modified analogues of the N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) with aminophosphonate moiety have been synthesized and investigated for biological activity. These peptides were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc-strategy. The N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) analogues were tested for agonistic activity in vitro on electrically stimulated rat vas deferens smooth-muscle preparations isolated from Wistar albino rats. Our study has shown that the selectivity of the peptides containing 1-[(methoxyphosphono)methylamino]cycloalkanecarboxylic acids to the N-side of Phe is not changed-they remain selective agonists of NOP receptors. The derivative with the largest ring (NOC-6) demonstrated efficacy similar to that of N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2), but in a 10-fold higher concentration. The agonistic activity of newly synthesized N-modified analogues of N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) with aminophosphonate moiety was investigated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar T Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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11
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Tang Z, Mayrargue J, Alami M. Synthesis of novel piperidyl spirofused benzofurans/benzopyrans by radical cyclization. J Heterocycl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Mustazza C, Bastanzio G. Development of nociceptin receptor (NOP) agonists and antagonists. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:605-48. [PMID: 20099319 DOI: 10.1002/med.20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nociceptin opioid (NOP) receptor is the most recently discovered member of the family of the opioid receptors; its endogenous agonist is the peptide nociceptin. Due to the subsequent elucidation of its physiological role in both central and peripheral nervous system and in some non-neural tissues, there is a rapidly growing interest in the pharmacological application of substances active on this receptor. Despite the current clinical use of a morphinane-based NOP/MOP mixed ligand (buprenorphine) as an analgesic and in the treatment of drug addictions, so far just a few clinical trials have been made with selective NOP ligands. However, the perspective of their utilization is rapidly growing. Agonists can find applications in the treatment of neuropathic pain, anxiety, cough, drug addition, urinary incontinence, anorexia, congestive heart failure, hypertension; and antagonists for pain, depression, Parkinson's disease, obesity, and as memory enhancers. Besides peptide ligands, which are still subjected to many pharmacological investigations, many different chemical classes of NOP ligands have been discovered: piperidines, nortropanes, spiropiperidines, 4-amino-quinolines and quinazolines, and others. The new advances in establishing structure-activity relationships, also with the help of modeling studies, can permit the development of more active and selective molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mustazza
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Roma, Italy.
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13
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14
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Largent-Milnes TM, Vanderah TW. Recently patented and promising ORL-1 ligands: where have we been and where are we going? Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:291-305. [PMID: 20180617 DOI: 10.1517/13543771003602004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The interactions of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and the opioid receptor-like receptor 1 (nociceptin opioid peptide--NOP) have been implicated in a variety of systems including cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW To elucidate the endogenous role of the N/OFQ-NOP system through the use of knockout and knockdown animal preparations, though most advances have been made using a host of synthetic agonists and antagonists. This review gives a brief history of the receptor-ligand discovery, the development of these agonists and antagonists within the last 10 years as published, and the therapeutic indications thereof focusing on pain. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The use of NOP ligands in pain has been controversial at best; however, there are indications that both agonists and antagonists have a place in the clinical setting for acute and chronic pain. NOP ligands have potential as novel therapeutics, interestingly, when incorporated into a rationally-designed multi-target agent. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The discovery of N/OFQ and NOP opened a new option for the treatment of pain with the potential for a decreased side effect profile. Numerous compounds have been designed to target this system, the most promising of which have mixed profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tally M Largent-Milnes
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5050, USA
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15
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Rapid access towards follow-up NOP receptor agonists using a knowledge based approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6441-6. [PMID: 19818611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A knowledge based approach has been adopted to identify novel NOP receptor agonists with simplified hydrophobes. Substitution of the benzimidazol-2-one piperidine motif with a range of hydrophobic groups and pharmacophore guided bio-isosteric replacement of the benzimidazol-2-one moiety was explored. Compound 51 was found to be a high affinity, potent NOP receptor agonist with reduced affinity for the hERG channel.
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16
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Jona H, Shibata J, Asai M, Goto Y, Arai S, Nakajima S, Okamoto O, Kawamoto H, Iwasawa Y. Efficient and practical asymmetric synthesis of 1-tert-butyl 3-methyl (3R,4R)-4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidine-1,3-dicarboxylate, a useful intermediate for the synthesis of nociceptin antagonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Satoh A, Sagara T, Sakoh H, Hashimoto M, Nakashima H, Kato T, Goto Y, Mizutani S, Azuma-Kanoh T, Tani T, Okuda S, Okamoto O, Ozaki S, Iwasawa Y, Ohta H, Kawamoto H. Identification of an orally active opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor antagonist 4-{3-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}-1-[(1S,3S,4R)-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,1'-cyclopropan]-3-ylmethyl]piperidine as clinical candidate. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4091-4. [PMID: 19537798 DOI: 10.1021/jm900581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our efforts to optimize prototype opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) antagonist 1 led to the discovery of 4-{3-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}-1-[(1S,3S,4R)-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,1'-cyclopropan]-3-ylmethyl]piperidine 10. 10 showed potent ORL1 antagonistic activity, excellent selectivity over other opioid receptors, and in vivo efficacy after oral dosing. Currently clinical trials of 10 are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Satoh
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tsukuba 300-2611, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Yang SW, Ho G, Tulshian D, Greenlee WJ, Anthes J, Fernandez X, McLeod RL, Hey JA, Xu X. Discovery of Orally Active 3-Pyridinyl-tropane As a Potent Nociceptin Receptor Agonist for the Management of Cough. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5323-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9008218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Ginny Ho
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Deen Tulshian
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - William J. Greenlee
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - John Anthes
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Xiomara Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Robbie L. McLeod
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - John A. Hey
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Chemical Research—CV & CNS
- Neurobiology Department of Biological Research
- Department of Drug Metabolism
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
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19
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Identification of MK-1925: A selective, orally active and brain-penetrable opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4729-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Sugimoto Y, Kobayashi K, Asai M, Ohno A, Yamada K, Ozaki S, Ohta H, Okamoto O. Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazole derivatives as novel NOP/ORL1 receptor antagonists: Exploration and optimization of alternative pyrazole structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4611-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Kobayashi K, Uchiyama M, Ito H, Takahashi H, Yoshizumi T, Sakoh H, Nagatomi Y, Asai M, Miyazoe H, Tsujita T, Hirayama M, Ozaki S, Tani T, Ishii Y, Ohta H, Okamoto O. Discovery of novel arylpyrazole series as potent and selective opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3627-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Kobayashi K, Kato T, Yamamoto I, Shimizu A, Mizutani S, Asai M, Kawamoto H, Ito S, Yoshizumi T, Hirayama M, Ozaki S, Ohta H, Okamoto O. Optimization of benzimidazole series as opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) antagonists: SAR study directed toward improvement of selectivity over hERG activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3100-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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The discovery of tropane derivatives as nociceptin receptor ligands for the management of cough and anxiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2519-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Identification of 3-substituted N-benzhydryl-nortropane analogs as nociceptin receptor ligands for the management of cough and anxiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2482-6. [PMID: 19332374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of nortropane analogs based on previously reported compound 1 have been synthesized and shown to bind to the nociceptin receptor with high affinity. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships around the C-3 nortropane substitution are described. From the SAR study and hPXR screening effort, compound 15 was identified to possess potent oral antitussive and anxiolytic-like activities in the guinea pig models.
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25
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Yang SW, Ho G, Tulshian D, Greenlee WJ, Fernandez X, McLeod RL, Eckel S, Anthes J. Structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted N-benzhydryl-nortropane analogs as nociceptin receptor ligands for the treatment of cough. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6340-3. [PMID: 18990569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-axial-aminomethyl-N-benzhydryl-nortropane analogs have been synthesized and identified to bind to the nociceptin receptor with high affinity. Many of these analogs showed high binding selectivity over classic opioid receptors such as mu receptor. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships around the C-3 nortropane substitution are described. Selected compounds with potent oral antitussive activity in the guinea pig model are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemical Research-CV & CNS, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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26
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The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor: a target with broad therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:694-710. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship study of a novel class of ORL1 receptor antagonists based on N-biarylmethyl spiropiperidine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3778-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Carroll FI, Brieaddy LE. Improved Synthesis of the ORL Antagonist 1-[(3R,4R)-1-Cyclooctylmethyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-piperidinyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910801997579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ivy Carroll
- a Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence E. Brieaddy
- a Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Identification of novel benzimidazole series of potent and selective ORL1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3278-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Clark JK, Jones PS, Palin R, Rosair G, Weston M. Asymmetric synthesis of N-3 substituted phenoxypropyl piperidine benzimidazol-2-one derivatives, potent and selective NOP agonists. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Blakeney JS, Reid RC, Le GT, Fairlie DP. Nonpeptidic Ligands for Peptide-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2960-3041. [PMID: 17622179 DOI: 10.1021/cr050984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade S Blakeney
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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32
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Arduin M, Spagnolo B, Calò G, Guerrini R, Carrà G, Fischetti C, Trapella C, Marzola E, McDonald J, Lambert DG, Regoli D, Salvadori S. Synthesis and biological activity of nociceptin/orphanin FQ analogues substituted in position 7 or 11 with Calpha,alpha-dialkylated amino acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4434-43. [PMID: 17490886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous structure-activity and NMR studies on nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) demonstrated that Aib substitution of Ala(7) and/or Ala(11) increases the peptide potency through an alpha helix structure induction mechanism. On these bases we synthesised and evaluated pharmacologically in the mouse vas deferens assay a series of N/OFQ-NH(2) analogues substituted in position 7 and 11 with Calpha,alpha-disubstituted cyclic, linear and branched amino acids. None of the 20 novel N/OFQ analogues produced better results than [Aib(7)]N/OFQ-NH(2). Thus, this substitution was combined with other chemical modifications known to modulate peptide potency and/or efficacy generating compound 21 [Nphe(1)Aib(7)Arg(14)Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2) (coded as UFP-111), compound 22 [(pF)Phe(4)Aib(7)Arg(14)Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2) (UFP-112) and compound 23 [Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)(pF)Phe(4)Aib(7)Arg(14)Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2) (UFP-113). These novel peptides behaved as highly potent NOP receptor ligands showing full (UFP-112) and partial (UFP-113) agonist and pure antagonist (UFP-111) activities in a series of in vitro functional assays performed on pharmacological preparations expressing native as well as recombinant NOP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Arduin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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33
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Rizzi A, Spagnolo B, Wainford RD, Fischetti C, Guerrini R, Marzola G, Baldisserotto A, Salvadori S, Regoli D, Kapusta DR, Calo’ G. In vitro and in vivo studies on UFP-112, a novel potent and long lasting agonist selective for the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor. Peptides 2007; 28:1240-51. [PMID: 17532097 PMCID: PMC1975813 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
[(pF)Phe(4)Aib(7)Arg(14)Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2) (UFP-112) has been designed as a novel ligand for the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP) by combining into the same peptide different chemical modifications reported to increase N/OFQ potency. In vitro data obtained in the electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens demonstrated that UFP-112 behaved as a high potency (pEC(50) 9.43) full agonist at the NOP receptor. UFP-112 effects were sensitive to the NOP antagonist UFP-101 but not to naloxone and no longer evident in tissues taken from NOP(-/-) mice. In vitro half life of UFP-112 in mouse plasma and brain homogenate was 2.6- and 3.5-fold higher than that of N/OFQ. In vivo, in the mouse tail withdrawal assay, UFP-112 (1-100pmol, i.c.v.) mimicked the actions of N/OFQ producing pronociceptive effects after i.c.v. administration and antinociceptive effects when given i.t.; in both cases, UFP-112 was approximately 100-fold more potent than the natural peptide and produced longer lasting effects. UFP-112 also mimicked the hyperphagic effect of N/OFQ producing a bell shaped dose response curve with the maximum reached at 10pmol. The hyperphagic effects of N/OFQ and UFP-112 were absent in NOP(-/-) mice. Equi-effective high doses of UFP-112 (0.1nmol) and N/OFQ (10nmol) were injected i.c.v. in mice and spontaneous locomotor activity recorded for 16h. N/OFQ produced a clear inhibitory effect which lasted for 60min while UFP-112 elicited longer lasting effects (>6h). In conscious rats, UFP-112 (0.1 and 10nmol/kg, i.v.) produced a marked and sustained decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and urinary sodium excretion and a profound increase in urine flow. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that UFP-112 behaves in vitro and in vivo as a highly potent and selective ligand able to produce full and long lasting activation of NOP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rizzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Spagnolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Carmela Fischetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuliano Marzola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Regoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniel R Kapusta
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Girolamo Calo’
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Corresponding author: Girolamo Calò, MD, PhD Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, ph: +39-0532-291 221 fax: +39-0532-291 205, e-mail:
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34
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Ho GD, Bercovici A, Tulshian D, Greenlee WJ, Fawzi A, Smith Torhan A, Zhang H. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidines as nociceptin receptor ligands: Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3023-7. [PMID: 17428659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidines have been synthesized and bind to the nociceptin receptor with high affinity. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships at the N-1 and C-4 are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginny D Ho
- Department of Chemical Research-CV & CNS, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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35
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Ho GD, Bercovici A, Tulshian D, Greenlee WJ, Fawzi A, Fernandez X, McLeod RL, Smith Torhan A, Zhang H. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidines as nociceptin receptor ligands: Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3028-33. [PMID: 17420123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-[2-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-1-[bis(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4-hydroxypiperidine analogs has been identified as nociceptin receptor ligands. These compounds display high affinity and functional activity at the nociceptin receptor. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships at the C-4 phenyl and N-1 positions are described and the antitussive activity of a selected compound is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginny D Ho
- Department of Chemical Research-CV & CNS, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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36
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Palin R, Bom A, Clark JK, Evans L, Feilden H, Houghton AK, Jones PS, Montgomery B, Weston MA, Wishart G. Synthesis and evaluation of N-3 substituted phenoxypropyl piperidine benzimidazol-2-one analogues as NOP receptor agonists with analgesic and sedative properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:1828-47. [PMID: 17166723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-phenoxypropyl piperidine benzimidazol-2-one analogues have been discovered as novel NOP receptor agonists. Structure-activity relationships have been explored via N-3 substitution of the benzimidazol-2-one with a range of functionality. The N-methyl acetamide derivative (+)-7f was found to be a high-affinity, potent NOP agonist with greater than 100-fold selectivity over the MOP receptor. Furthermore (+)-7f was shown to be both antinociceptive and sedative when administered iv to rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Palin
- Department of Chemistry, Organon Laboratories Ltd., Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, UK.
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37
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Caldwell JP, Matasi JJ, Zhang H, Fawzi A, Tulshian DB. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-substituted spiropiperidines as nociceptin receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2281-4. [PMID: 17289383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted analogs based upon the spiropiperidine core of 1 was synthesized and exhibited high binding affinity to the nociceptin (NOP) receptor. The selectivities against other known opioid receptors were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Caldwell
- CV & CNS Department of Chemical Research, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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38
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Sugimoto Y, Shimizu A, Kato T, Satoh A, Ozaki S, Ohta H, Okamoto O. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indole derivatives as novel nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3569-73. [PMID: 16621546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1H-indole derivatives as nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor antagonists was discovered. Systematic modification of our original lead by changing the pendant functional groups, linker, heterocyclic core, and basic side chain revealed the structure-activity requirements for this novel template and resulted in the identification of more potent analog with improved potency as compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sugimoto
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo-3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Ibaraki, Japan.
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39
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Bignan GC, Battista K, Connolly PJ, Orsini MJ, Liu J, Middleton SA, Reitz AB. 3-(4-Piperidinyl)indoles and 3-(4-piperidinyl)pyrrolo-[2,3-b]pyridines as ligands for the ORL-1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3524-8. [PMID: 16632355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of indoles and 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines having a piperidine ring at the 3-position were synthesized and found to bind with high affinity to the ORL-1 receptor. Structure-activity relationships at the piperidine nitrogen were investigated in each series. Substitution on the phenyl ring and nitrogen atom of the indole and 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine cores generated several selective high-affinity ligands that were agonists of the ORL-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles C Bignan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C PO Box 300, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
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Kordik CP, Luo C, Gutherman M, Vaidya AH, Rosenthal DI, Crooke JJ, McKenney SL, Plata-Salaman CR, Reitz AB. Diarylacetylene piperidinyl amides as novel anxiolytics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3065-7. [PMID: 16580201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Phenyl-2-[1-[3-(2-pyridinylethynyl)benzoyl]-4-piperidine]acetamide (9) and related piperidine acetamide derivatives have good oral activity in the elevated plus maze, an animal model predictive of clinical efficacy for the treatment of anxiety. Modest affinity was observed for the neurokinin NK-1 and 2 receptors, which are known to be involved in the regulation of mood and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl P Kordik
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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Gündüz O, Rizzi A, Baldisserotto A, Guerrini R, Spagnolo B, Gavioli EC, Kocsis L, Magyar A, Benyhe S, Borsodi A, Calò G. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligand Ac-RYYRIK-ol. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 539:39-48. [PMID: 16682024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It was recently reported that the hexapeptide Ac-RYYRIK-ol binds with high affinity nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptors and competitively antagonizes N/OFQ actions in the mouse vas deferens assay. Here we further describe the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological features of this NOP receptor ligand. In mouse brain homogenate the degradation half life of Ac-RYYRIK-ol (2.48 min) was significantly higher than that of the parent compound Ac-RYYRIK-NH2 (1.20 min). In the electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens, Ac-RYYRIK-ol (10-1000 nM) competitively antagonized the inhibitory effect of N/OFQ (pA2=8.46), while in the isolated mouse colon the hexapeptide mimicked N/OFQ contractile effects thus behaving as a NOP receptor agonist (pEC50=9.09). This latter effect was no longer evident in colon tissues taken from mice knock out for the NOP receptor gene (NOP-/-). In vivo in mice, similarly to N/OFQ, Ac-RYYRIK-ol (dose range 0.001-1 nmol) produced: i) pronociceptive effects after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration and antinociceptive actions when given intrathecally (i.t.) in the tail withdrawal assay; ii) inhibition of locomotor activity and iii) stimulation of food intake after supraspinal administration. Finally, in the forced swimming test, Ac-RYYRIK-ol was inactive per se, but reversed the antidepressant-like effects elicited by the NOP receptor selective antagonist UFP-101 ([Nphe(1),Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH2). Thus, in all these in vivo assays Ac-RYYRIK-ol mimicked the actions of N/OFQ showing however higher potency. In conclusion, Ac-RYYRIK-ol displayed a complex pharmacological profile which is likely due to the low efficacy agonist nature of this novel ligand of the NOP receptor. The high potency, selectivity of action, and in vivo effectiveness make Ac-RYYRIK-ol a useful pharmacological tool for future studies in the field of N/OFQ and its NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Gündüz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Gavioli EC, Calo' G. Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligands. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 372:319-30. [PMID: 16491387 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-006-0035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Many studies point toward the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and the N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP) as targets for the development of innovative drugs for treating affective disorders. It has been reported that the activation of NOP receptors produces anxiolytic-like effects in rodents in a large series of behavioral assays, i.e., elevated plus maze, light-dark aversion, operant conflict, fear-potentiated startle, pup ultrasonic vocalizations, and hole board tests. In contrast, the blockade of N/OFQ signaling obtained with NOP-selective antagonists promotes antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. In these assays, N/OFQ is inactive per se, but reverses the antidepressant-like effects of NOP antagonists. NOP receptor knockout mice show an antidepressant-like phenotype, and NOP antagonists are inactive in these animals. Thus, the activation of the NOP receptor seems to evoke anxiolytic-like effects while its blockade antidepressant-like effects. This appears to be a rather unique behavioral profile since the activation or the blockade of a given neuropeptide receptor produces, in most of the cases, both antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects. This particular behavioral profile, the possible mechanisms of action, and the therapeutic potential of NOP receptor ligands for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Gavioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Bignan GC, Battista K, Connolly PJ, Orsini MJ, Liu J, Middleton SA, Reitz AB. Preparation of 3-spirocyclic indolin-2-ones as ligands for the ORL-1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5022-6. [PMID: 16153834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of indolin-2-ones having a spirocyclic piperidine ring at the 3-position was synthesized and found to bind with high affinity to the ORL-1 receptor. Structure-activity relationships at the piperidine nitrogen were investigated. Substitution on the phenyl ring and nitrogen atom of the indolin-2-one core generated several selective high-affinity ligands that were antagonists of the ORL-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles C Bignan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C, PO Box 300, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
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