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Niazi SK, Magoola M, Mariam Z. Innovative Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease: A Synergistic Approach to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:741. [PMID: 38931409 PMCID: PMC11206655 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant challenge in the field of neurodegenerative disorders, even nearly a century after its discovery, due to the elusive nature of its causes. The development of drugs that target multiple aspects of the disease has emerged as a promising strategy to address the complexities of AD and related conditions. The immune system's role, particularly in AD, has gained considerable interest, with nanobodies representing a new frontier in biomedical research. Advances in targeting antibodies against amyloid-β (Aβ) and using messenger RNA for genetic translation have revolutionized the production of antibodies and drug development, opening new possibilities for treatment. Despite these advancements, conventional therapies for AD, such as Cognex, Exelon, Razadyne, and Aricept, often have limited long-term effectiveness, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. This necessity has led to the incorporation advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning into the drug discovery process for neurodegenerative diseases. These technologies help identify therapeutic targets and optimize lead compounds, offering a more effective approach to addressing the challenges of AD and similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zamara Mariam
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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2
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Lim H. Development of scoring-assisted generative exploration (SAGE) and its application to dual inhibitor design for acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B. J Cheminform 2024; 16:59. [PMID: 38790018 PMCID: PMC11127438 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-024-00845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
De novo molecular design is the process of searching chemical space for drug-like molecules with desired properties, and deep learning has been recognized as a promising solution. In this study, I developed an effective computational method called Scoring-Assisted Generative Exploration (SAGE) to enhance chemical diversity and property optimization through virtual synthesis simulation, the generation of bridged bicyclic rings, and multiple scoring models for drug-likeness. In six protein targets, SAGE generated molecules with high scores within reasonable numbers of steps by optimizing target specificity without a constraint and even with multiple constraints such as synthetic accessibility, solubility, and metabolic stability. Furthermore, I suggested a top-ranked molecule with SAGE as dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B through multiple desired property optimization. Therefore, SAGE can generate molecules with desired properties by optimizing multiple properties simultaneously, indicating the importance of de novo design strategies in the future of drug discovery and development. SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION: The scientific contribution of this study lies in the development of the Scoring-Assisted Generative Exploration (SAGE) method, a novel computational approach that significantly enhances de novo molecular design. SAGE uniquely integrates virtual synthesis simulation, the generation of complex bridged bicyclic rings, and multiple scoring models to optimize drug-like properties comprehensively. By efficiently generating molecules that meet a broad spectrum of pharmacological criteria-including target specificity, synthetic accessibility, solubility, and metabolic stability-within a reasonable number of steps, SAGE represents a substantial advancement over traditional methods. Additionally, the application of SAGE to discover dual inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B not only demonstrates its potential to streamline and enhance the drug development process but also highlights its capacity to create more effective and precisely targeted therapies. This study emphasizes the critical and evolving role of de novo design strategies in reshaping the future of drug discovery and development, providing promising avenues for innovative therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocheol Lim
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Frazão DF, Martins-Gomes C, Díaz TS, Delgado F, Gonçalves JC, Silva AM. Labdanum Resin from Cistus ladanifer L. as a Source of Compounds with Anti-Diabetic, Neuroprotective and Anti-Proliferative Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:2222. [PMID: 38792084 PMCID: PMC11124373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Labdanum resin or "gum" can be obtained from Cistus ladanifer L. by two different extraction methods: the Zamorean and the Andalusian processes. Although its main use is in the fragrance and perfumery sectors, ethnobotanical reports describe its use for medicinal purposes in managing hyperglycemia and mental illnesses. However, data concerning the bioactivities and pharmacological applications are scarce. In this work, it was found that the yield of labdanum resin extracted by the Andalusian process was 25-fold higher than the Zamorean one. Both resins were purified as absolutes, and the Andalusian absolute was purified into diterpenoid and flavonoid fractions. GC-EI-MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenylpropanoids, labdane-type diterpenoids, and methylated flavonoids, which are already described in the literature, but revealed other compounds, and showed that the different extracts presented distinct chemical profile. The potential antidiabetic activity, by inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and the potential neuroprotective activity, by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, were investigated. Diterpenoid fraction produced the higher α-amylase inhibitory effect (~30% and ~40% at 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively). Zamorean absolute showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (~14% and ~24%, at 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively). Andalusian absolute showed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect (~70% and ~75%, at 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively). Using Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines, Andalusian absolute and its purified fractions showed moderate cytotoxic/anti-proliferative activity at 24 h exposure (IC50 = 45-70 µg/mL, for Caco-2; IC50 = 60-80 µg/mL, for HepG2), whereas Zamorean absolute did not produce cytotoxicity (IC50 ≥ 200.00 µg/mL). Here we show, for the first time, that labdanum resin obtained by the Andalusian process, and its fractions, are composed of phytochemicals with anti-diabetic, neuroprotective and anti-proliferative potential, which are worth investigating for the pharmaceutical industry. However, toxic side-effects must also be addressed when using these products by ingestion, as done traditionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Frazão
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.F.F.); (C.M.-G.)
- Plant Biotechnology Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.C.G.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Centre of Agronomic and Agro-Industrial Biotechnology of Alentejo (CEBAL), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.F.F.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Teresa Sosa Díaz
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Fernanda Delgado
- Plant Biotechnology Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.C.G.)
- Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - José C. Gonçalves
- Plant Biotechnology Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.C.G.)
- Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.F.F.); (C.M.-G.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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4
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Veras JPC, França VLB, Carvalho HF, Freire VN. Noncovalent binding of carbofuran to acetylcholinesterase from Homo sapiens, Danio rerio, Apis mellifera and Caenorhabditis elegans: Homology modelling, molecular docking and dynamics, and quantum biochemistry description. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110826. [PMID: 38101596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Although various regulatory agencies have banned or severely restricted the use of carbofuran (CAR), recent reports indicate the presence of CAR residues in both cultivated and wild areas. This pesticide is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which acts by preventing the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh). Given the critical role of AChE::ACh in the proper functioning of the nervous system, we thought it appropriate to investigate the binding of CAR to AChEs from Homo sapiens, Danio rerio, Apis mellifera, and Caenorhabditis elegans using homology modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and quantum biochemistry. Molecular docking and dynamics results indicated peculiar structural behavior in each AChE::CAR system. Quantum biochemistry results showed similar affinities for all complexes, confirming the description of carbofuran as a broad-spectrum pesticide, and have a limited correlation with IC50 values. We found the following decreasing affinity order of AChE species: H. sapiens > A. mellifera > C. elegans > D. rerio. The computational results suggest that CAR occupies different pockets in the AChEs studied. In addition, our results showed that CAR binds to hsAChE and ceAChE in a very similar manner: it has high affinities for the same subsites in both species and forms hydrogen bonds with residues (hsTYR124 and ceTRP107) occupying homologous positions in the peripheral site. This suggests that this nematode is a potential model to evaluate the toxicity of carbamates, even though the sequence identity between them is only 41 %. Interestingly, we also observed that the catalytic histidines of drAChE and amAChE exhibited favorable contacts with carbofuran, suggesting that the non-covalent binding of carbofuran to these proteins may promote faster carbamylation rates than the binding modes to human and worm acetylcholinesterases. Our computational results provide a better understanding of the binding mechanisms in these complexes, as well as new insights into the mechanism of carbamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P C Veras
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Campus of Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor L B França
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Campus of Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, Brazil.
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-864, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valder N Freire
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Campus of Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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5
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Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
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6
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K P, Prasanth DSNBK, Shadakshara MKR, Ahmad SF, Seemaladinne R, Rudrapal M, Pasala PK. Citronellal as a Promising Candidate for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Comprehensive Study on In Silico and In Vivo Anti-Acetylcholine Esterase Activity. Metabolites 2023; 13:1133. [PMID: 37999229 PMCID: PMC10672888 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the primary therapeutic approaches for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the modulation of Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity to elevate acetylcholine (ACh) levels inside the brain. The current study employed computational chemistry approaches to evaluate the inhibitory effects of CTN on AChE. The docking results showed that Citronellal (CTN) and standard Donepezil (DON) have a binding affinity of -6.5 and -9.2 Kcal/mol, respectively, towards AChE. Further studies using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on these two compounds. Binding free energy calculations and ligand-protein binding patterns suggested that CTN has a binding affinity of -12.2078. In contrast, DON has a much stronger binding relationship of -47.9969, indicating that the standard DON has a much higher binding affinity than CTN for AChE. In an in vivo study, Alzheimer-type dementia was induced in mice by scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg/day i.p) for 14 days. CTN was administered (25 and 50 mg/kg. i.p) along with scopolamine (SCO) administration. DON (0.5 mg/kg orally) was used as a reference drug. CTN administration significantly improved the mice's behavior as evaluated by the Morris water maze test, evident from decreased escape latency to 65.4%, and in the CPS test, apparent from reduced escape latency to 69.8% compared to the positive control mice. Moreover, CTN significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to SCO. Furthermore, CTN administration significantly decreased SCO-induced elevated AChE levels in mice. These results were supported by histopathological and in silico molecular docking studies. CTN may be a potential antioxidant and neuroprotective supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani K
- Department of Pharmacology, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Nandyal 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - D S. N. B. K. Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada 520010, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Murthy K. R. Shadakshara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur 572103, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Praveen Kumar Pasala
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JNTUA, Anantapuramu 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India
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7
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Thai NM, Dat TTH, Hai NTT, Bui TQ, Phu NV, Quy PT, Triet NT, Pham DT, De Tran V, Nhung NTA. Identification of potential inhibitors against Alzheimer-related proteins in Cordyceps militaris ethanol extract: experimental evidence and computational analyses. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:292. [PMID: 37547918 PMCID: PMC10403485 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to identify the chemical composition of Cordyceps militaris and reveal the first evidence of their Alzheimer-related potential. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 21 bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract (1-21). High-performance liquid chromatography quantified the content of cordycepin (0.32%). Bioassays revealed the overall anti-Alzheimer potential of the extract against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 115.9 ± 11.16 µg mL-1). Multi-platform computations were utilized to predict the biological inhibitory effects of its phytochemical components against Alzheimer-related protein structures: acetylcholinesterase (PDB-4EY7) and β-amyloid protein (PDB-2LMN). In particular, 7 is considered as a most effective inhibitor predicted by its chemical stability in dipole-based environments (ground state - 467.26302 a.u.; dipole moment 11.598 Debye), inhibitory effectiveness (DS ¯ - 13.6 kcal mol-1), polarized compatibility (polarizability 25.8 Å3; logP - 1.01), and brain penetrability (logBB - 0.244; logPS - 3.047). Besides, 3 is promising as a brain-penetrating agent (logBB - 0.257; logPS - 2.400). The results preliminarily suggest further experimental attempts to verify the pro-cognitive effects of l(-)-carnitine (7). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03714-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vinh Phu
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak 630000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Triet
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Can Tho, 900000 Vietnam
| | - Van De Tran
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu, Can Tho, 900000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
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Si S, Zhao X, Su F, Lu H, Zhang D, Sun L, Wang F, Xu L. New advances in clinical application of neostigmine: no longer focusing solely on increasing skeletal muscle strength. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227496. [PMID: 37601044 PMCID: PMC10436336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neostigmine is a clinical cholinesterase inhibitor, that is, commonly used to enhance the function of the cholinergic neuromuscular junction. Recent studies have shown that neostigmine regulates the immune-inflammatory response through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, affecting perioperative neurocognitive function. This article reviews the relevant research evidence over the past 20 years, intending to provide new perspectives and strategies for the clinical application of neostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Si
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxiu Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongbin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fulei Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Faghih Z, Khabnadideh S, Sakhteman A, Shirazi AK, Yari HA, Chatraei A, Rezaei Z, Sadeghian S. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of novel carbazole-benzylpiperazine hybrids as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Ali I, Rafique R, Khan KM, Chigurupati S, Ji X, Wadood A, Rehman AU, Salar U, Alyamani NM, Hameed S, Taha M, Hussain S, Perveen S. Benzofuran Hybrids as Cholinesterase (AChE and BChE) Inhibitors: In Vitro, In Silico, and Kinetic Studies. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1322-1337. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
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11
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Qin S, Yang T, Yu B, Zhang L, Gu L, Sun Y, Yang Z. The stress effect of atrazine on the inducible defense traits of Daphnia pulex in response to fish predation risk: Evidences from morphology, life history traits, and expression of the defense-related genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119965. [PMID: 35998771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide pollution is persistent, which not only has a negative impact on individual organisms, but also may endanger the interspecific relationship between predators and prey. Cladocerans, i.e. zooplankton that plays an important role in the energy flow and material circulation in freshwater ecosystem, usually develop induced defense in response to predation risk. We used atrazine, one of the most used herbicides in the world, and Daphnia pulex, a representative cladocerans, to test the possible interference effect of herbicides on the induced defensive traits of cladocerans in response to predator fish (Rhodeus ocellatus) kairomone, including morphological defense, life history strategies, and the expression of defense-related genes. Atrazine reduced the body size, spine size, growth rate, total offspring, and the relative reproductive output of D. pulex, which further affected the response strength of the morphological and life history defenses, i.e., atrazine significantly reduced the spine size, relative spine size, and fecundity of D. pulex in response to R. ocellatus kairomone. Exposure to atrazine affected the expression of defense-related genes, and we speculated that atrazine affected the signaling process in the induced anti-predation defense of cladocerans. Specially, fish kairomone attenuated the negative effects of high concentrations of atrazine on the life history traits of D. pulex. Our results will help to accurately assess the potential risk of artificial compounds in freshwater ecosystems from the perspective of interspecific relationships, and help to understand the impact of environmental changes on the inducible anti-predator defense of prey in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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12
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Martins-Gomes C, Coutinho TE, Silva TL, Andreani T, Silva AM. Neurotoxicity Assessment of Four Different Pesticides Using In Vitro Enzymatic Inhibition Assays. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080448. [PMID: 36006126 PMCID: PMC9413506 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides affect different organs and tissues according to their bioavailability, chemical properties and further molecular interactions. In animal models exposed to several classes of pesticides, neurotoxic effects have been described, including the reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in tissue homogenates. However, in homogenates, the reduction in enzymatic activity may also result from lower enzymatic expression and not only from enzymatic inhibition. Thus, in this work, we aimed to investigate the neurotoxic potential of four distinct pesticides: glyphosate (herbicide), imazalil (fungicide), imidacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide), by assessing their inhibitory effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase, by using direct in vitro enzymatic inhibition methods. All pesticides dose-dependently inhibited AChE activity, with an inhibition of 11 ± 2% for glyphosate, 48 ± 2% for imidacloprid, 49 ± 3% for imazalil and 50 ± 3% for lambda-cyhalothrin, at 1 mM. Only imazalil inhibited BChE. Imazalil induced dose-dependent inhibition of BChE with identical pattern as that observed for AChE; however, for lower concentrations (up to 500 μM), imazalil showed higher specificity for AChE, and for higher concentrations, the same specificity was found. Imazalil, at 1 mM, inhibited the activity of BChE by 49 ± 1%. None of the pesticides, up to 1 mM, inhibited tyrosinase activity. In conclusion, the herbicide glyphosate shows specificity for AChE but low inhibitory capacity, the insecticides imidacloprid and λ-cyhalothrin present selective AChE inhibition, while the fungicide IMZ is a broad-spectrum cholinesterase inhibitor capable of inhibiting AChE and BChE in an equal manner. Among these pesticides, the insecticides and the fungicide are the ones with higher neurotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tiago E. Coutinho
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tânia L. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
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Meira Menezes T, Assis C, Lacerda Cintra AJ, Silva dos Santos RC, Martins do Vale WK, Max Gomes Martins R, de Souza Bezerra R, Seabra GDM, Li C, Neves JL. Binding Mechanism between Acetylcholinesterase and Drugs Pazopanib and Lapatinib: Biochemical and Biophysical Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4500-4511. [PMID: 34808043 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are antitumor compounds that prevent the phosphorylation of proteins in a biological environment. However, the multitarget performance of TKIs promotes them as possible candidates for drug repositioning. In this work, interaction and inhibition studies through spectroscopic and computational techniques to evaluate the binding effectiveness of lapatinib and pazopanib TKIs to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are reported. The results indicated potent inhibition at the μM level. The types of inhibition were identified, with pazopanib acting through non-competitive inhibition and lapatinib through acompetitive inhibition. The fluorescence suppression studies indicate a static mechanism for lapatinib-AChE and pazopanib-AChE systems, with a binding constant in the order of 105 M-1. The obtained thermodynamic parameters reveal interactions driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds in the lapatinib-AChE system (ΔH° and ΔS° < 0). In contrast, the pazopanib-AChE system shows positive ΔH° and ΔS°, characteristic of hydrophobic interactions. The Foster resonance energy transfer study supports the fluorescence studies performed. The 3D fluorescence studies suggest changes in the microenvironment of the tryptophan and tyrosine residues of the protein in contact with lapatinib and pazopanib. The results suggest effective inhibition and moderate interaction of the drugs with AChE, making them interesting for conducting more in-depth repositioning studies as AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Meira Menezes
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Caio Assis
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Regildo Max Gomes Martins
- Post-Graduate in Biotechnology Multi-Institutional Program, PPGBIOTEC, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Ranilson de Souza Bezerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jorge Luiz Neves
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
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Rafat N, Satoh P, Worden RM. Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:459. [PMID: 34821676 PMCID: PMC8615868 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel, integrated experimental and modeling framework was applied to an inhibition-based bi-enzyme (IBE) electrochemical biosensor to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that may trigger neurological diseases. The biosensor was fabricated by co-immobilizing AChE and tyrosinase (Tyr) on the gold working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) array. The reaction chemistry included a redox-recycle amplification mechanism to improve the biosensor's current output and sensitivity. A mechanistic mathematical model of the biosensor was used to simulate key diffusion and reaction steps, including diffusion of AChE's reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor, the reaction kinetics of the two enzymes, and electrochemical reaction kinetics at the SPE's working electrode. The model was validated by showing that it could reproduce a steady-state biosensor current as a function of the inhibitor (PMSF) concentration and unsteady-state dynamics of the biosensor current following the addition of a reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride). The model's utility for characterizing and optimizing biosensor performance was then demonstrated. It was used to calculate the sensitivity of the biosensor's current output and the redox-recycle amplification factor as a function of experimental variables. It was used to calculate dimensionless Damkohler numbers and current-control coefficients that indicated the degree to which individual diffusion and reaction steps limited the biosensor's output current. Finally, the model's utility in designing IBE biosensors and operating conditions that achieve specific performance criteria was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rafat
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 428 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.R.); (P.S.)
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Paul Satoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 428 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Robert Mark Worden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 428 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.R.); (P.S.)
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Akkol EK, Karatoprak GŞ, Carpar E, Hussain Y, Khan H, Aschner M. Effects of Natural Products on Neuromuscular Junction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:594-610. [PMID: 34561984 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210924092627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders result from damage, malfunction or absence of one or more key proteins involved in neuromuscular transmission, comprising a wide range of disorders. The most common pathology is antibody-mediated or downregulation of ion channels or receptors, resulting in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and acquired neuromyotonia (Isaac's syndrome), and rarely congenital myasthenic syndromes caused by mutations in NMJ proteins. A wide range of symptomatic treatments, immunomodulating therapies, or immunosuppressive drugs have been used to treat NMJ diseases. Future research must be directed at better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, and developing novel disease-specific treatments. Numerous secondary metabolites, especially alkaloids isolated from plants have been used to treat NMJ diseases in traditional and clinical practices. An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads for identifying new treatment for NMJ diseases. In this review, we performed a literature survey in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to gather information on drug discovery from plant sources for NMJ disease treatments. To date, most research has focused on the effect of herbal remedies on cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. This review provides leads for identifying potential new drugs from plant sources for the treatment of NMJ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri. Turkey
| | - Elif Carpar
- Department of Psychiatry, Private French La Paix Hospital, 34360, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan. Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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Türkeş C, Akocak S, Işık M, Lolak N, Taslimi P, Durgun M, Gülçin İ, Budak Y, Beydemir Ş. Novel inhibitors with sulfamethazine backbone: synthesis and biological study of multi-target cholinesterases and α-glucosidase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8752-8764. [PMID: 33950796 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1916599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The underlying cause of many metabolic diseases is abnormal changes in enzyme activity in metabolism. Inhibition of metabolic enzymes such as cholinesterases (ChEs; acetylcholinesterase, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) and α-glucosidase (α-GLY) is one of the accepted approaches in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Here we reported an investigation of a new series of novel ureido-substituted derivatives with sulfamethazine backbone (2a-f) for the inhibition of AChE, BChE, and α-GLY. All the derivatives demonstrated activity in nanomolar levels as AChE, BChE, and α-GLY inhibitors with KI values in the range of 56.07-204.95 nM, 38.05-147.04 nM, and 12.80-79.22 nM, respectively. Among the many strong N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(3-substitutedphenylureido) benzenesulfonamide derivatives (2a-f) detected against ChEs, compound 2c, the 4-fluorophenylureido derivative, demonstrated the most potent inhibition profile towards AChE and BChE. A comprehensive ligand/receptor interaction prediction was performed in silico for the three metabolic enzymes providing molecular docking investigation using Glide XP, MM-GBSA, and ADME-Tox modules. The present research reinforces the rationale behind utilizing inhibitors with sulfamethazine backbone as innovative anticholinergic and antidiabetic agents with a new mechanism of action, submitting propositions for the rational design and synthesis of novel strong inhibitors targeting ChEs and α-GLY.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yakup Budak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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Pohanka M. Inhibitors of Cholinesterases in Pharmacology: the Current Trends. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:1532-1542. [PMID: 31656151 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018170908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cholinesterases are a wide group of low molecular weight compounds with a significant role in the current pharmacology. Besides the pharmacological importance, they are also known as toxic compounds like military nerve agents. In the pharmacology, drugs for Alzheimer disease, myasthenia gravis and prophylaxis of poisoning by nerve agents can be mentioned as the relevant applications. Besides this, anti-inflammation and antiphrastic drugs are other pharmacological applications of these inhibitors. This review is focused on a survey of cholinesterase inhibitors with known or expected pharmacological impact and indications of their use. Recent literature with comments is provided here as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Kulkarni P, Rawtani D, Barot T. Design, development and in-vitro/in-vivo evaluation of intranasally delivered Rivastigmine and N-Acetyl Cysteine loaded bifunctional niosomes for applications in combinative treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:1-15. [PMID: 33774160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation explores the potential of novel dual drug-loaded niosomes for nasal delivery of Rivastigmine (RIV) and N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) to the brain. The dual niosomes showed a particle size of 162.4 nm and % entrapment efficiencies of 97.7% for RIV and 85.9% for NAC. The niosomes were statistically validated using Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) with good significance. Ultrastructural and chemical characterization of the niosomes using various analytical techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showcased drug-excipient compatibility and robust stability of 6 months in a liquid state at 4-8 °C. The dual drug-loaded niosomes showed a sustained drug release pattern up to 2 days. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) enzyme inhibition assays showed a better combinative effect than the free drug solutions. A 2-day nasal permeation proved the effectiveness and biocompatibility of the niosomes. In-vivo pharmacokinetic and organ biodistribution studies revealed a better drug profile and greater distribution of the niosomes in the brain compared to other organs, thereby indicating a direct nose-to-brain delivery of the niosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kulkarni
- National Forensic Sciences University, Nr. DFS Head Quarters, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Deepak Rawtani
- National Forensic Sciences University, Nr. DFS Head Quarters, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Tejas Barot
- National Forensic Sciences University, Nr. DFS Head Quarters, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
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Bortolami M, Rocco D, Messore A, Di Santo R, Costi R, Madia VN, Scipione L, Pandolfi F. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease - a patent review (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:399-420. [PMID: 33428491 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1874344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction - AD, the most common form of dementia, has a multifactorial etiology, and the current therapy (AChEIs and memantine) is unable to interrupt its progress and fatal outcome. This is reflected in the research programs that are oriented toward the development of new therapeutics able to operate on multiple targets involved in the disease progression.Areas covered - The patents from 2016 to present regarding the use of AChEIs in AD, concerns the development of new AChEIs, multitarget or multifunctional ligands, or the associations of currently used AChEIs with other compounds acting on different targets involved in the AD.Expert opinion - The development of new multitarget AChEIs promises to identify compounds with great therapeutic potential but requires more time and effort in order to obtain drugs with the optimal pharmacodynamic profile. Otherwise, the research on new combinations of existing drugs, with known pharmacodynamic and ADME profile, could shorten the time and reduce the costs to develop a new therapeutic treatment for AD. From the analyzed data, it seems more likely that a response to the urgent need to develop effective treatments for AD therapy could come more quickly from studies on drug combinations than from the development of new AChEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bortolami
- Department of Scienze Di Base E Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Department of Scienze Di Base E Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Messore
- Department of Chimica E Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Department of Chimica E Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Department of Chimica E Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Department of Chimica E Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Scipione
- Department of Chimica E Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- Department of Scienze Di Base E Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Innok W, Hiranrat A, Chana N, Rungrotmongkol T, Kongsune P. In silico and in vitro anti-AChE activity investigations of constituents from Mytragyna speciosa for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:325-336. [PMID: 33439402 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), one of the major therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to increase the acetylcholine (ACh) level in the brain by inhibiting the biological activity of AChE. In this present work, a set of alkaloids and flavonoids against AChE enzyme were screened by computational chemistry techniques. The docking results showed that among alkaloid compounds the oxindole alkaloid namely mitragynine oxidole B (MITOB) and the indole alkaloids namely mitragynine (MIT) exhibited a good binding affinity towards AChE. These two compounds were then studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The binding free energy calculation and ligand-protein binding pattern suggested that both alkaloids could interact with AChE very well. Since MIT is the main alkaloid constituent of Mytragyna speciose leaves, this compound was isolated from M. speciose leaves and tested for anti-AChE activity. As a result, the isolated MIT had an inhibitory activity with pIC50 value of 3.57. This finding provided that the mitragynine compound has the potential to be as a therapeutic agent for further anti-AChE drug development in treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansiri Innok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Asadhawut Hiranrat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Netnapa Chana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panita Kongsune
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand.
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Ahmad SS, Khalid M, Kamal MA, Younis K. Study of Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1884-1895. [PMID: 33588732 PMCID: PMC9185787 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210215122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects several people worldwide and has devastating impacts on society with a limited number of approaches for its pharmacological treatment. The main causes of AD are not clear yet. However, the formation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein, and disruption of redox homeostasis may cause AD. These causes have a positive correlation with oxidative stress, producing reactive ions, which are responsible for altering the physiological condition of the body. CONCLUSION Ongoing research recommended the use of phytochemicals as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to hinder the onset and progression of AD. The natural compound structures, including lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, and alkaloids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief introduction to AD along with the use of natural compounds as new therapeutic approaches for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Bioengineering, Integral University Lucknow, UP-226026, India; E-mail: and King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-mail:
| | - Kaiser Younis
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Bioengineering, Integral University Lucknow, UP-226026, India; E-mail: and King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-mail:
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Pérez-Sánchez H, den Haan H, Pérez-Garrido A, Peña-García J, Chakraborty S, Erdogan Orhan I, Senol Deniz FS, Villalgordo JM. Combined Structure and Ligand-Based Design of Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 61:467-480. [PMID: 33320652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is a prime target for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer's disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are used to improve cognitive abilities, playing therefore an important role in disease management. Drug repurposing screening has been performed on a corporate chemical library containing 11 353 compounds using a target fishing approach comprising three-dimensional (3D) shape similarity and pharmacophore modeling against an approved drug database, Drugbank. This initial screening identified 108 hits. Among them, eight molecules showed structural similarity to the known AChEI drug, pyridostigmine. Further structure-based screening using a pharmacophore-guided rescoring method identifies one more potential hit. Experimental evaluations of the identified hits sieve out a highly selective AChEI scaffold. Further lead optimization using a substructure search approach identifies 24 new potential hits. Three of the 24 compounds (compounds 10b, 10h, and 10i) based on a 6-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine scaffold showed highly promising AChE inhibition ability with IC50 values of 13.10 ± 0.53, 16.02 ± 0.46, and 6.22 ± 0.54 μM, respectively. Moreover, these compounds are highly selective toward AChE. Compound 10i shows AChE inhibitory activity similar to a known Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, galantamine, but with even better selectivity. Interaction analysis reveals that hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions are the primary driving forces responsible for the observed high affinity of the compound with AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | - Helena den Haan
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe 30107, Spain.,Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Villapharma Research, Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo, Km. 2,5- Av. Azul, 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Pérez-Garrido
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | | | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - José Manuel Villalgordo
- Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Villapharma Research, Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo, Km. 2,5- Av. Azul, 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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The Cholinergic Profile as a Target for Rational Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-020-01012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Akıncıoğlu H, Gülçin İ. Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Potential Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:703-715. [PMID: 31902355 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200103100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the cognitive or memory-related impairments occurring with advancing age. Since its exact mechanism is not known, the full therapy has still not been found. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been reported to be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of AD and other dementias. To this end, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are commonly used. AChE is a member of the hydrolase enzyme family. A hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. AChE is useful for the development of novel and mechanism-based inhibitors. It has a role in the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholinemediated neurotransmission. AChEIs are the most effective approaches to treat AD. AChE hydrolyzes ACh to acetate and choline, as an important neurotransmitter substance. Recently, Gülçin and his group explored new AChEIs. The most suggested mechanism for AD is the deficiency of ACh, which is an important neurotransmitter. In this regard, AChEIs are commonly used for the symptomatic treatment of AD. They act in different ways, such as by inhibiting AChE, protecting cells from free radical toxicity and β-amyloid-induced injury or inhibiting the release of cytokines from microglia and monocytes. This review focuses on the role of AChEIs in AD using commonly available drugs. Also, the aim of this review is to research and discuss the role of AChEIs in AD using commonly available drugs. Therefore, in our review, related topics like AD and AChEIs are highlighted. Also, the latest work related to AChEIs is compiled. In recent research studies, novel natural and synthetic AChEIs, used for AD, are quite noteworthy. These studies can be very promising in detecting potent drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Akıncıoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, 04100-Agri, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240-Erzurum, Turkey
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Litvinenko IV, Zhivolupov SA, Samartsev IN, Kravchuk AY, Vorobyova MN, Yakovlev EV, Butakova YS. [Cholinergic profile as a target of rational therapy of central nervous system diseases and injuries]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:31-38. [PMID: 32307408 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM A comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (IHE), as well as their combination, in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease and consequences of intracranial injury according to clinical, instrumental and laboratory dynamic observations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety patients with cerebrovascular pathology, including 45 with chronic brain ischemia stage 2 (ICD-10 I67) and 45 with sequelae of intracranial injury (ICD-10 T90.5), were enrolled in the study. Complex treatment of patients included basic and specific therapy. The groups were divided into 3 subgroups of 15 people: the neuromidin group, the gliatilin group and the neuromidin + gliatilin group. The duration of treatment was 2 months. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, neurophysiological and laboratory examination prior to therapy, after 1 month and 2 month from the beginning of therapy: a study of cholinesterase activity in the blood, testing on MMSE and Hamilton scales, transcranial magnetic stimulation with determination of Central motor conduction time and somatosensory evoked potentials with calculation of Central afferent conduction time. RESULTS Prior to treatment, a significant positive strong correlation was found between the age of patients and the level of CE activity in serum (Rs=0.77; p=0.0001). The treatment resulted in a significant (p<0.05) improvement of all parameters (except for MMSE that showed a trend towards improvement) in the neuromidin and the neuromidin + gliatilin subgroups of each group compared to those in the gliatilin subgroups. In addition, after 2 months from the beginning of treatment, there was a significant decrease in the activity of CE in serum in the neuromidin and the neuromidin + gliatilin subgroups. CONCLUSION The study of deviations of the 'cholinergic profile' (the level of CE activity in the blood) in patients with cerebral pathology and the strategy using cholinergic drugs, IHE and their combination for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, is one of the important directions in the optimization of combined therapy of patients of this profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I N Samartsev
- Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Yu Kravchuk
- Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M N Vorobyova
- Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E V Yakovlev
- Admiralty Shipyards Medical Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu S Butakova
- Novodvinsk Central City Hospital, Novodvinsk, Russia
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Aguirre-Martínez GV, Martín-Díaz ML. A multibiomarker approach to assess toxic effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents and activated defence mechanisms in marine (Ruditapes philippinarum) and fresh water (Corbicula fluminea) bivalve species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:941-958. [PMID: 32350641 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since it has been demonstrated that urban effluents can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms, a multibiomarker study was used to evaluate the effects of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents discharged into the marine and freshwater environments on clams in Cádiz, Spain. One bioassay was performed in the Bay of Cádiz, exposing Ruditapes philippinarum (marine) to a reference site as well as two sites close to WWTP discharges for 14 days. A second bioassay was performed in the Guadalete River, exposing Corbicula fluminea (fresh water) to three sites for 21 days. The biomarkers analysed included defence mechanisms and various toxic effects. Results indicated that WWTP effluents activated defence mechanisms and induced toxic effects in clams exposed to both environments, thus indicating bioavailability of contaminants present in water. Elevated enzymatic activity was found in clams deployed in La Puntilla and El Trocadero compared to control clams and those exposed to the reference site, and 96% of clams deployed at G2 in the Guadalete River died before day 7. Clams exposed to G1 and G3 indicated significant differences in all biomarkers analysed with respect to control clams (p < 0.05). Both species were sensitive to contaminants present in studied sites. This is the first time that these species were used in cages to assess the environmental risk of wastewater effluent discharges in freshwater and marine column environments. The multibiomarker approach provided important ecotoxicological information and is useful for the assessment of the bioavailability and effect of contaminants from WWTP effluents on marine and fresh water invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Aguirre-Martínez
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n. P. Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Science, Arturo Prat University, Casilla 121, 1110939, Iquique, Chile.
- Andalusian Center of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n. P. Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Andalusian Center of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
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Pohanka M. Diagnoses of Pathological States Based on Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2994-3011. [PMID: 30706778 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190130161202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two cholinesterases exist: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). While AChE plays a crucial role in neurotransmissions, BChE has no specific function apart from the detoxification of some drugs and secondary metabolites from plants. Thus, both AChE and BChE can serve as biochemical markers of various pathologies. Poisoning by nerve agents like sarin, soman, tabun, VX, novichok and overdosing by drugs used in some neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer´s disease and myasthenia gravis, as well as poisoning by organophosphorus pesticides are relevant to this issue. But it appears that changes in these enzymes take place in other processes including oxidative stress, inflammation, some types of cancer and genetically conditioned diseases. In this review, the cholinesterases are introduced, the mechanism of inhibitors action is explained and the relations between the cholinesterases and pathologies are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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29
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Cavalcante SFDA, Simas ABC, Barcellos MC, de Oliveira VGM, Sousa RB, Cabral PADM, Kuča K, França TCC. Acetylcholinesterase: The "Hub" for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Chemical Weapons Convention. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E414. [PMID: 32155996 PMCID: PMC7175162 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in parasympathetic neurotransmission, its activity, and how its inhibition can be pharmacologically useful for treating dementia, caused by Alzheimer's disease, or as a warfare method due to the action of nerve agents. The chemical concepts related to the irreversible inhibition of AChE, its reactivation, and aging are discussed, along with a relationship to the current international legislation on chemical weapons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir F. de A. Cavalcante
- Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Brazilian Army Technological Center (CTEx), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (V.G.M.d.O.); (R.B.S.); (P.A.d.M.C.)
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro B. C. Simas
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcos C. Barcellos
- Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Brazilian Army Technological Center (CTEx), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (V.G.M.d.O.); (R.B.S.); (P.A.d.M.C.)
| | - Victor G. M. de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Brazilian Army Technological Center (CTEx), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (V.G.M.d.O.); (R.B.S.); (P.A.d.M.C.)
| | - Roberto B. Sousa
- Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Brazilian Army Technological Center (CTEx), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (V.G.M.d.O.); (R.B.S.); (P.A.d.M.C.)
| | - Paulo A. de M. Cabral
- Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Brazilian Army Technological Center (CTEx), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (V.G.M.d.O.); (R.B.S.); (P.A.d.M.C.)
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tanos C. C. França
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD), Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
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D'Avila da Silva F, Nogara PA, Ochoa-Rodríguez E, Nuñez-Figueredo Y, Wong-Guerra M, Rosemberg DB, Rocha JBTD. Molecular docking and in vitro evaluation of a new hybrid molecule (JM-20) on cholinesterase activity from different sources. Biochimie 2019; 168:297-306. [PMID: 31770565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The main function of AChE is the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular and in cholinergic brain synapses. In some pathologies, loss of cholinergic neurons may be associated with a deficiency of ACh in specific brain areas. Consequently, the study of new safe drugs that inhibit AChE is important, because they can increase ACh levels in the synaptic cleft without adverse effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of JM-20 (a benzodiazepine-dihydropyridine hybrid molecule) on cholinesterase (ChE) activities from distinct sources (AChE from Electrophorus electricus (EeAChE), human erythrocyte membranes (HsAChE (ghost)), total erythrocyte (HsAChE (erythrocyte)) and BChE from plasma (HsBChE) and purified enzyme from the horse (EcBChE)). Kinetic parameters were determined in the presence of 0.05-1.6 mM of substrate concentration. The interactions ChEs with JM-20 were performed using molecular docking simulations. JM-20 inhibited all tested AChE but not BChE. The IC50 values were 123 nM ± 0.2 (EeAChE), 158 nM ± 0.1 (ghost HsAChE), and 172 nM ± 0.2 (erythrocytic HsAChE). JM-20 caused a mixed type of inhibition (it altered Km and Vmax of AChE). The molecular docking indicated the binding poses and the most plausible active isomer of JM-20. Besides giving important data for future drug design, our results help us understand the mode of action of JM-20 as a specific inhibitor of AChE enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda D'Avila da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Andrei Nogara
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Estael Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, Nº 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanier Nuñez-Figueredo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, Nº 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maylin Wong-Guerra
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, Nº 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Kisby B, Jarrell JT, Agar ME, Cohen DS, Rosin ER, Cahill CM, Rogers JT, Huang X. Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential Alternative Therapeutics. JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2019; 9. [PMID: 31588368 PMCID: PMC6777730 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects over 5 million individuals in the United States alone. Currently, there are only two kinds of pharmacological interventions available for symptomatic relief of AD; Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors (AChEI) and N-methyl-D-aspartic Acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists and these drugs do not slow down or stop the progression of the disease. Several molecular targets have been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD, such as the tau (τ) protein, Amyloid-beta (Aβ), the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and more and several responses have also been observed in the advancement of the disease, such as reduced neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and iron overload. In this review, we discuss general features of AD and several small molecules across different experimental AD drug classes that have been studied for their effects in the context of the molecular targets and responses associated with the AD progression. These drugs include: Paroxetine, Desferrioxamine (DFO), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Posiphen/-(−)Phenserine, JTR-009, Carvedilol, LY450139, Intravenous immunoglobulin G 10%, Indomethacin and Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Kisby
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Juliet T Jarrell
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - M Enes Agar
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David S Cohen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eric R Rosin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Polo E, Ibarra-Arellano N, Prent-Peñaloza L, Morales-Bayuelo A, Henao J, Galdámez A, Gutiérrez M. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel chalcone, heterochalcone and bis-chalcone derivatives and the evaluation of their antioxidant properties and as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103034. [PMID: 31280015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The chalcone and bis-chalcone derivatives have been synthesized under sonication conditions via Claisen-Schmidt condensation with KOH in ethanol at room temperature (20-89%). The structures were established on the basis of NMR, IR, Single-crystal XRD, and MS. The best compound 3u had inhibitory activity (IC50 = 7.50 µM). The synthesis, the antioxidative properties, chemical reactivity descriptors supported in Density Functional Theory (DFT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and their potential binding modes, and affinity were predicted by molecular docking of a number of morpholine-chalcones and quinoline-chalcone. A series of bis-chalcones are also reported. Molecular docking and an enzyme kinetic study on compound 3u suggested that it simultaneously binds to the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profile of these compounds was investigated using a computational method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Polo
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Nicol Ibarra-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Luis Prent-Peñaloza
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Morales-Bayuelo
- Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Clínicas de la Universidad del Sinú (GIBACUS), escuela de medicina, Universidad del Sinú, seccional Cartagena, Colombia
| | - José Henao
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural (GIQUE), Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Carrera 27, Calle 9 Ciudadela Universitaria, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Antonio Galdámez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Margarita Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Shamsimeymandi R, Pourshojaei Y, Eskandari K, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Abiri A, Khodadadi A, Langarizadeh A, Sharififar F, Amirheidari B, Akbarzadeh T, Lotfian H, Foroumadi A, Asadipour A. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular dynamics of novel cholinesterase inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800352. [PMID: 31136018 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel chroman-4-one derivatives were designed and synthesized successfully with good to excellent yield (3a-l). In addition, the obtained products were evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activities. The results show that among the various synthesized compounds, analogs bearing the piperidinyl ethoxy side chain with 4-hydroxybenzylidene on the 3-positions of chroman-4-one (3l) showed the most potent activity with respect to acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE activity; IC50 = 1.18 μM). In addition, the structure-activity relationship was studied and the results revealed that the electron-donating groups on the aryl ring of the 3-benzylidene fragment (3k, 3l) resulted in the designed compounds to be more potent ChE inhibitors in comparison with those having electron-withdrawing groups (3h). In this category, the strongest ChE inhibition was found for the compound containing piperidine as cyclic amine, and a hydroxyl group (for AChE, compound 3l) and fluoro group (for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, compound 3i) on the para-position of the aryl ring of the benzylidene group. The molecular docking and dynamics studies of the most potent compounds (3i and 3l against BuChE and AChE, respectively) demonstrated remarkable interactions with the binding pockets of the ChE enzymes and confirmed the results obtained through in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shamsimeymandi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khalil Eskandari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arash Khodadadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Langarizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hania Lotfian
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asadipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Saxena M, Dubey R. Target Enzyme in Alzheimer’s Disease: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:264-275. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190128125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), affecting a large population worldwide is characterized by the
loss of memory and learning ability in the old population. The enzyme Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme
(AChE) is the key enzyme in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and is also the target
of most of the clinically used drugs for the treatment of AD but these drugs provide only symptomatic
treatment and have the limitation of loss of therapeutic efficacy with time. The development of different
strategies targeting the AChE enzyme along with other targets like Butyl Cholinesterase (BChE),
amyloid-β (Aβ), β-secretase-1 (BACE), metals antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity
has been focused in recent years. Literature search was conducted for the molecules and their
rational design which have shown inhibition for AChE and the other abovementioned targets. Several
hybrid molecules incorporating the main sub-structures derived from diverse chemotypes like acridine,
quinoline, carbamates, and other heterocyclic analogs have shown desired pharmacological activity
with a good profile in a single molecule. It is followed by optimization of the activity through structural
modifications guided by structure-activity relationship studies. It has led to the discovery of novel
molecules 17b, 20, and 23 with desired AChE inhibition along with desirable activity against other
abovementioned targets for further pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Saxena
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow-226010, India
| | - Ragini Dubey
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow-226010, India
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Shehzadi SA, Khan I, Saeed A, Larik FA, Channar PA, Hassan M, Raza H, Abbas Q, Seo SY. One-pot four-component synthesis of thiazolidin-2-imines using CuI/ZnII dual catalysis: A new class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 84:518-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Biosensors and Bioassays Based on Lipases, Principles and Applications, a Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030616. [PMID: 30744203 PMCID: PMC6384989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes responsible for the conversion of triglycerides and other esterified substrates, they are involved in the basic metabolism of a wide number of organisms, from a simple microorganism and to mammals. They also have broad applicability in many fields from which industrial biotechnology, the production of cleaning agents, and pharmacy are the most important. The use of lipases in analytical chemistry where it can serve as a part of biosensors or bioassays is an application of growing interest and has become another important use. This review is focused on the description of lipases chemistry, their current applications and the methods for their assay measurement. Examples of bioassays and biosensors, including their physical and chemical principles, performance for specific substrates, and discussion of their relevance, are given in this work.
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Türkan F, Huyut Z, Taslimi P, Gülçin İ. The effects of some antibiotics from cephalosporin groups on the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes activities in different tissues of rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:12-18. [PMID: 29364753 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1427766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of cefazolin, cefuroxime, and cefoperazon injected to rats on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme activities in the heart, brain, eye, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. Liver AChE activity at the 1st and 3rd hours of cefuroxime groups was higher than the control group at the same time (p <.05). The AChE activity of the heart tissue decreased in the cefazolin group compared to the control group at the same hour, whereas it increased in the cefuroxime group (p <.05). AChE activities of kidney tissue of cefazolin and cefuroxime groups were lower than those of the same control group on the 3rd and started to increase on the next hours (p <.05). BChE activity is measured in tissues increased within the first three hours and decreased significantly within the first hour in the cefoperazone group (p <.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Türkan
- a Health Services Vocational School , Igdır University , Igdır , Turkey
| | - Zübeyir Huyut
- b Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Yuzuncu Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
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Nkoom M, Lu G, Liu J, Dong H, Yang H. Bioconcentration, behavioral, and biochemical effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5704-5712. [PMID: 30612359 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac is one of the most frequently studied as well as controversially discussed pharmaceutically active drug on the subject of its relevance to the environment. This study was conducted to assess the bioconcentration potential of diclofenac and its behavioral and biochemical effects in Daphnia magna. The bioconcentration factors of diclofenac determined after 48 h of aqueous exposure in Daphnia magna were 70.94 and 8.02 for the nominal exposure concentrations of 5 and 100 μg/L, respectively. Diclofenac exposure obviously decreased the filtration and ingestion rates of the daphnids. A significant increase of the acetylcholinesterase activity that was observed in this study indicates that diclofenac might not have neurobehavioral toxicity in Daphnia magna. Significant induction of malondialdehyde content is an indication of overproduction of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage in daphnids after diclofenac exposure. Moreover, significant inhibition of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities implies that the antioxidant defense system of Daphnia magna was overwhelmed. Also, significant inhibition of glutathione s-transferase activity might point to the fact that the enzyme was not capable to detoxify diclofenac in Daphnia magna. These findings indicate that diclofenac can accumulate and consequently stimulate behavioral and biochemical disturbances in Daphnia magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huike Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Rastegari A, Nadri H, Mahdavi M, Moradi A, Mirfazli SS, Edraki N, Moghadam FH, Larijani B, Akbarzadeh T, Saeedi M. Design, synthesis and anti-Alzheimer's activity of novel 1,2,3-triazole-chromenone carboxamide derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:391-401. [PMID: 30412794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of old people worldwide and the corresponding epidemiological data highlights the significance of the disease. As AD is a multifactorial illness, various single-target directed drugs that have reached clinical trials have failed. Therefore, various factors associated with outset of AD have been considered in targeted drug discovery and development. In this work, a wide range of 1,2,3-triazole-chromenone carboxamides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among them, N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-7-((1-(3,4-dimethylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide (11b) showed the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.80 µM), however, it was inactive toward butyrylcholinesterase. It should be noted that compound 11b was evaluated for its BACE1 inhibitory activity and calculated IC50 = 21.13 µM confirmed desired inhibitory activity. Also, this compound revealed satisfactory neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 neurons at 50 µM as well as metal chelating ability toward Fe2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rastegari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Mirfazli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farshad Homayouni Moghadam
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hu Z, Wang L, Ma S, Kirisci L, Feng Z, Xue Y, Klunk WE, Kamboh MI, Sweet RA, Becker J, Lv Q, Lopez OL, Xie XQ. Synergism of antihypertensives and cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2018; 4:542-555. [PMID: 30386819 PMCID: PMC6205113 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effect of antihypertensive (aHTN) medications and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) on the cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and analyzed synergism by chemogenomics systems pharmacology mapping. METHODS We compared the effect of aHTN drugs on Mini-Mental State Examination scores in 617 AD patients with hypertension, and studied the synergistic effects. RESULTS The combination of diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers showed slower cognitive decline compared with other aHTN groups (Δβ = +1.46, P < .0001). aHTN medications slow down cognitive decline in ChEI users (Δβ = +0.56, P = .006), but not in non-ChEI users (Δβ = -0.31, P = .53). DISCUSSION aHTN and ChEI drugs showed synergistic effects. A combination of diuretics, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, and calcium channel blockers had the slowest cognitive decline. The chemogenomics systems pharmacology-identified molecular targets provide system pharmacology interpretation of the synergism of the drugs in clinics. The results suggest that improving vascular health is essential for AD treatment and provide a novel direction for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shifan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Levent Kirisci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - William E. Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qianzhou Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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41
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Spectroscopic investigation on the interaction characteristics and inhibitory activities between baicalin and acetylcholinesterase. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Elumalai K, Ashraf Ali M, Munusamy S, Elumalai M, Eluri K, Srinivasan S. Novel pyrazinamide condensed azetidinones inhibit the activities of cholinesterase enzymes. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Elumalai
- New Drug Discovery Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, 301030, India
| | - Mohammed Ashraf Ali
- New Drug Discovery Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, 301030, India
| | - Sekar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal, 518112, India
| | - Manogaran Elumalai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kalpana Eluri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase by a Plant Secondary Metabolite Boldine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9634349. [PMID: 29850593 PMCID: PMC5907398 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9634349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are two enzymes sensitive to various chemical compounds having ability to bind to crucial parts of these enzymes. Boldine is a natural alkaloid and it was mentioned in some older works that it can inhibit some kinds of AChE. We reinvestigated this effect on AChE and also on BChE using acetyl (butyryl) thiocholine and Ellman's reagents as standard substances for spectrophotometric assay. We found out IC50 of AChE equal to 372 μmol/l and a similar level to BChE, 321 μmol/l. We conclude our experiment by a finding that boldine is cholinesterase inhibitor; however we report significantly weaker inhibition than that suggested in literature. Likewise, we tried to investigate the mechanism of inhibition and completed it with in silico study. Potential toxic effect on cholinesterases in real conditions is also discussed.
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Kostelnik A, Pohanka M. Superficially Bound Acetylcholinesterase Based on a Chitosan Matrix for Neurotoxic Compound Assay by a Photographic Technique. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1381846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kostelnik
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Sonmez F, Zengin Kurt B, Gazioglu I, Basile L, Dag A, Cappello V, Ginex T, Kucukislamoglu M, Guccione S. Design, synthesis and docking study of novel coumarin ligands as potential selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:285-297. [PMID: 28097911 PMCID: PMC6010140 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1250753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New coumaryl-thiazole derivatives with the acetamide moiety as a linker between the alkyl chains and/or the heterocycle nucleus were synthesized and in vitro tested as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. 2-(diethylamino)-N-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (6c, IC50 value of 43 nM) was the best AChE inhibitor with a selectivity index of 4151.16 over BuChE. Kinetic study of AChE inhibition revealed that 6c was a mixed-type inhibitor. Moreover, the result of H4IIE hepatoma cell toxicity assay for 6c showed negligible cell death. Molecular docking studies were also carried out to clarify the inhibition mode of the more active compounds. Best pose of compound 6c is positioned into the active site with the coumarin ring wedged between the residues of the CAS and catalytic triad of AChE. In addition, the coumarin ring is anchored into the gorge of the enzyme by H-bond with Tyr130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Sonmez
- Pamukova Vocational High School, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Belma Zengin Kurt
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Livia Basile
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, Catania, Italy
| | - Aydan Dag
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mustafa Kucukislamoglu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Salvatore Guccione
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, Catania, Italy
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Fernandes TB, Cunha MR, Sakata RP, Candido TM, Baby AR, Tavares MT, Barbosa EG, Almeida WP, Parise-Filho R. Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Evaluation of Novel Sulfonylhydrazones as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28940630 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and related to the degeneration of hippocampal cholinergic neurons, which dramatically affects cognitive ability. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are employed as drugs for AD therapy. Three series of sulfonylhydrazone compounds were designed, and their ability to inhibit AChE was evaluated. Fifteen compounds were synthesized and twelve of them had IC50 values of 0.64-51.09 μM. The preliminary structure-activity relationships indicated that the methylcatechol moiety and arylsulfonyl substituents generated better compounds than both the benzodioxole and alkylsulfonyl chains. Molecular dynamics studies of compound 6d showed that the interaction with the peripheral binding site of AChE was similar to donepezil, which may explain its low IC50 (0.64 μM). Furthermore, the drug-likeness of 6d suggests that the compound may have appropriate oral absorption and brain penetration. Compound 6d also presented antiradical activity and was not cytotoxic to LL24 cells, suggesting that this compound might be considered safe. Our findings indicate that arylsulfonylhydrazones may be a promising scaffold for the design of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Fernandes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Micael R Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata P Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thalita M Candido
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André R Baby
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício T Tavares
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Euzébio G Barbosa
- Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Wanda P Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xu Y, Cheng S, Sussman JL, Silman I, Jiang H. Computational Studies on Acetylcholinesterases. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081324. [PMID: 28796192 PMCID: PMC6152020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Functions of biomolecules, in particular enzymes, are usually modulated by structural fluctuations. This is especially the case in a gated diffusion-controlled reaction catalyzed by an enzyme such as acetylcholinesterase. The catalytic triad of acetylcholinesterase is located at the bottom of a long and narrow gorge, but it catalyzes the extremely rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, with a reaction rate close to the diffusion-controlled limit. Computational modeling and simulation have produced considerable advances in exploring the dynamical and conformational properties of biomolecules, not only aiding in interpreting the experimental data, but also providing insights into the internal motions of the biomolecule at the atomic level. Given the remarkably high catalytic efficiency and the importance of acetylcholinesterase in drug development, great efforts have been made to understand the dynamics associated with its functions by use of various computational methods. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of recent computational studies on acetylcholinesterase, expanding our views of the enzyme from a microstate of a single structure to conformational ensembles, strengthening our understanding of the integration of structure, dynamics and function associated with the enzyme, and promoting the structure-based and/or mechanism-based design of new inhibitors for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Shanmei Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Joel L Sussman
- Israel Structural Proteomics Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Israel Silman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China.
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48
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Anti-Parkinson Drug Biperiden Inhibits Enzyme Acetylcholinesterase. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2532764. [PMID: 28785576 PMCID: PMC5530453 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2532764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biperiden is a drug used in Parkinson disease treatment and it serves also as an antiseizures compound in organophosphates poisoning. It acts as antagonist of muscarinic receptor activated by acetylcholine while the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) cleaves acetylcholine in synaptic junction into choline and acetic acid. This enzyme is inhibited by various compounds; however there has not been proposed evidence about interaction with biperiden molecule. We investigated this interaction using standard Ellman's assay and experimental findings were critically completed with an in silico prediction by SwissDock docking software. Uncompetitive mechanism of action was revealed from Dixon plot and inhibition constant (Ki) was calculated to be 1.11 mmol/l. The lowest predicted binding energy was −7.84 kcal/mol corresponding to H-bond between biperiden molecule and Tyr 341 residuum in protein structure of AChE. This interaction seems to be further stabilized by π-π interaction with Tyr 72, Trp 286, and Tyr 341. In conclusion, biperiden appears as a very weak inhibitor but it can serve as a lead structure in a pharmacological research.
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49
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Pohanka M, Martinkova P, Brtnicky M, Kynicky J. Changes in the oxidative stress/anti-oxidant system after exposure to sulfur mustard and antioxidant strategies in the therapy, a review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:408-416. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1320695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Martinkova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Kynicky
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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50
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Synthesis, anticholinesterase activity and molecular modeling study of novel carbamate-substituted thymol/carvacrol derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1352-1363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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