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Sergi CM. Pediatric cancer-pathology and microenvironment influence: a perspective into osteosarcoma and non-osteogenic mesenchymal malignant neoplasms. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:358. [PMID: 39154307 PMCID: PMC11330953 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer remains the leading cause of disease-related death among children aged 1-14 years. A few risk factors have been conclusively identified, including exposure to pesticides, high-dose radiation, and specific genetic syndromes, but the etiology underlying most events remains unknown. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes stromal cells, vasculature, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and different subsets of immunological cells. TME plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, cancer formation, progression, dissemination, and resistance to therapy. Moreover, autophagy seems to be a vital regulator of the TME and controls tumor immunity. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process. It enables the degradation and recycling of long-lived large molecules or damaged organelles using the lysosomal-mediated pathway. The multifaceted role of autophagy in the complicated neoplastic TME may depend on a specific context. Autophagy may function as a tumor-suppressive mechanism during early tumorigenesis by eliminating unhealthy intracellular components and proteins, regulating antigen presentation to and by immune cells, and supporting anti-cancer immune response. On the other hand, dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to tumor progression by promoting genome damage and instability. This perspective provides an assortment of regulatory substances that influence the features of the TME and the metastasis process. Mesenchymal cells in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas and their signaling pathways play a more critical role than epithelial cells in childhood and youth. The investigation of the TME in pediatric malignancies remains uncharted primarily, and this unique collection may help to include novel advances in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M Sergi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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2
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Strell C, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Östman A. Functional and clinical roles of stromal PDGF receptors in tumor biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10194-7. [PMID: 38980580 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PDGF receptors play pivotal roles in both developmental and physiological processes through the regulation of mesenchymal cells involved in paracrine instructive interactions with epithelial or endothelial cells. Tumor biology studies, alongside analyses of patient tissue samples, provide strong indications that the PDGF signaling pathways are also critical in various types of human cancer. This review summarizes experimental findings and correlative studies, which have explored the biological mechanisms and clinical relevance of PDGFRs in mesenchymal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, these studies support the overall concept that the PDGF system is a critical regulator of tumor growth, metastasis, and drug efficacy, suggesting yet unexploited targeting opportunities. The inter-patient variability in stromal PDGFR expression, as being linked to prognosis and treatment responses, not only indicates the need for stratified approaches in upcoming therapeutic investigations but also implies the potential for the development of PDGFRs as biomarkers of clinical utility, interestingly also in settings outside PDGFR-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Strell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Arne Östman
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Lv W, Jiang X, Zhang Y. The role of platelets in the blood-brain barrier during brain pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1298314. [PMID: 38259501 PMCID: PMC10800710 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1298314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets play critical roles in maintaining hemostasis. The blood brain barrier (BBB), a significant physical and metabolic barrier, helps maintain physiological stability by limiting transportations between the blood and neural tissues. When the brain undergoes inflammation, tumor, trauma, or bleeding, the platelet responses to help with maintaining BBB homeostasis. In the traditional point of view, activated platelets aggregate to form thrombi which cover the gaps of the blood vessels to protect BBB. However, increasing evidences indicate that platelets may harm BBB by enhancing vascular permeability. Hereby, we reviewed recently published articles with a special focus on the platelet-mediated damage of BBB. Factors released by platelets can induce BBB permeability, which involve platelet-activating factors (PAF), P-selectin, ADP, platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) superfamily proteins, especially PDGF-AA and PDGF-CC, etc. Platelets can also secrete Amyloid-β (Aβ), which triggers neuroinflammation and downregulates the expression of tight junction molecules such as claudin-5 to damage BBB. Additionally, platelets can form aggregates with neutrophils to release reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can destroy the DNA, proteins, and lipids of endothelial cells (ECs). Moreover, platelets participate in neuroinflammation to affect BBB. Conversely, some of the platelet released factors such as PDGF-BB, protects BBB. In summary, platelets play dual roles in BBB integrity and the related mechanisms are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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4
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Uchendu I, Zhilenkova A, Pirogova Y, Basova M, Bagmet L, Kohanovskaia I, Ngaha Y, Ikebunwa O, Sekacheva M. Cytokines as Potential Therapeutic Targets and their Role in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2552-2567. [PMID: 37916493 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128268111231024054240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The death rate from cancer is declining as a result of earlier identification and more advanced treatments. Nevertheless, a number of unfavourable adverse effects, including prolonged, long-lasting inflammation and reduced immune function, usually coexist with anti-cancer therapies and lead to a general decline in quality of life. Improvements in standardized comprehensive therapy and early identification of a variety of aggressive tumors remain the main objectives of cancer research. Tumor markers in those with cancer are tumor- associated proteins that are clinically significant. Even while several tumor markers are routinely used, they don't always provide reliable diagnostic information. Serum cytokines are promising markers of tumor stage, prognosis, and responsiveness to therapy. In fact, several cytokines are currently proposed as potential biomarkers in a variety of cancers. It has actually been proposed that the study of circulatory cytokines together with biomarkers that are particular to cancer can enhance and accelerate cancer diagnosis and prediction, particularly via blood samples that require minimal to the absence of invasion. The purpose of this review was to critically examine relevant primary research literature in order to elucidate the role and importance of a few identified serum cytokines as prospective therapeutic targets in oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Uchendu
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Angelina Zhilenkova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Pirogova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Basova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Bagmet
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Iana Kohanovskaia
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yvan Ngaha
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Obinna Ikebunwa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University of The Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Sekacheva
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Wu R, Gandhi S, Tokumaru Y, Asaoka M, Oshi M, Yan L, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. Intratumoral PDGFB gene predominantly expressed in endothelial cells is associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, but not with metastasis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:17-31. [PMID: 35793004 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) is known to play essential roles in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development, and tumor growth and vessel stabilization in experimental models. However, whether these findings could be translated to breast cancer patients remains unclear. We hypothesized that PDGFB gene expression is associated with angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. METHODS A total of 7635 primary breast cancer patients with full transcriptome and clinical data available from 13 independent cohorts were analyzed using in silico approach. The median value was used to divide each cohort into high and low PDGFB expression groups. RESULTS High PDGFB gene expression was associated with increased expression of angiogenesis-related genes, higher amount of vascular cell infiltrations, and with enrichment of angiogenesis gene set, lymphangiogenesis-related gene expressions, lymphangiogenesis-related cell infiltrations, and enrichmentof lymphangiogenesis gene set in GSE96058 and validated by TCGA cohorts; however, not with lymphatic metastasis. PDGFB expression was neither associated with cell proliferation as assessed by Ki67 expression nor with Nottingham histological grade, or response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We found that PDGFB was most extensively expressed by endothelial and perivascular-like cells in the tumor microenvironment, and minimally by cancer cells consistently in two single-cell sequence cohorts. High PDGFB expression enriched TGFβ, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and cancer stem cell-associated pathways. However, no association with distant metastasis was observed. Disease-specific and disease-free survival were worse in the high PDGFB expression group consistently in TCGA and METABRIC cohorts. CONCLUSION PDGFB is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and is associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, but not with cellular proliferation or metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shipra Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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6
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Diverse roles of tumor-stromal PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:93-140. [PMID: 35459473 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, it has become increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates every step of cancer progression and solid tumors are only able to metastasize with a permissive TME. This intricate interaction of cancer cells with their surrounding TME, or stroma, is becoming more understood with an ever greater knowledge of tumor-stromal signaling pairs such as platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their cognate receptors. We and others have focused our research efforts on understanding how tumor-derived PDGFB activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signaling specifically in the breast cancer TME. In this chapter, we broadly discuss PDGF and PDGFR expression patterns and signaling in normal physiology and breast cancer. We then detail the expansive roles played by the PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling pathway in modulating breast tumor growth and metastasis with a focus on specific cellular populations within the TME, which are responsive to tumor-derived PDGFB. Given the increasingly appreciated importance of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer progression, specifically in promoting metastasis, we end by discussing how therapeutic targeting of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling holds great promise for improving current breast cancer treatment strategies.
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Guo JQ, Wang CD, Tang HY, Sang BT, Liu X, Yi FP, Wu XM. PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Affecting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Driven Aerobic Glycolysis in Wilms' tumor G401 Cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:907-921. [PMID: 35165984 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. PDGFRβ belongs to the type III receptor tyrosine kinase family and is known to be involved in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Here, we studied the effect and underlying mechanism of PDGFRβ on Wilms' tumor G401 cells. Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were used to detect the effect of PDGFRβ on G401 cells invasion and migration. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of EMT-related genes. The expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins was detected by western blot. The relationship between PDGFRβ and aerobic glycolysis was studied by assessing the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The activity of HK, PK and LDH was detected by corresponding enzyme activity kits. The concentration of lactic acid and glucose was detected by Lactic Acid Assay Kit and Glucose Assay Kit-glucose oxidase method separately. To investigate the mechanism of PDGFRβ in the development of Wilms' tumor, the changes of glucose and lactic acid were analyzed after blocking PI3K pathway, aerobic glycolysis or PDGFRβ. The key enzyme was screened by western blot and glucose metabolism experiment after HK2, PKM2 and PDK1 were inhibited. The results showed that PDGFRβ promoted the EMT process by modulating aerobic glycolysis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in which PKM2 plays a key role. Therefore, our study of the mechanism of PDGFRβ in G401 cells provides a new target for the treatment of Wilms' tumor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chang-Dong Wang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hu-Ying Tang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bo-Tao Sang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Chongqing Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fa-Ping Yi
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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8
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Zhong X, Xuan F, Qian Y, Pan J, Wang S, Chen W, Lin T, Zhu H, Wang X, Wang G. A genomic-clinicopathologic Nomogram for the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:455. [PMID: 33892676 PMCID: PMC8066490 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative evaluation of lymph node (LN) state is of pivotal significance for informing therapeutic decisions in gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, there are no non-invasive methods that can be used to preoperatively identify such status. We aimed at developing a genomic biosignature based model to predict the possibility of LN metastasis in GC patients. METHODS We used the RNA profile retrieving strategy and performed RNA expression profiling in a large GC cohort (GSE62254, n = 300) from Gene Expression Ominus (GEO). In the exploratory stage, 300 GC patients from GSE62254 were involved and the differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) for LN-status were determined using the R software. GC samples in GSE62254 were randomly allocated into a learning set (n = 210) and a verification set (n = 90). By using the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach, a set of 23-RNA signatures were established and the signature based nomogram was subsequently built for distinguishing LN condition. The diagnostic efficiency, as well as the clinical performance of this model were assessed using the decision curve analysis (DCA). Metascape was used for bioinformatic analysis of the DERs. RESULTS Based on the genomic signature, we established a nomogram that robustly distinguished LN status in the learning (AUC = 0.916, 95% CI 0.833-0.999) and verification sets (AUC = 0.775, 95% CI 0.647-0.903). DCA demonstrated the clinical value of this nomogram. Functional enrichment analysis of the DERs was performed using bioinformatics methods which revealed that these DERs were involved in several lymphangiogenesis-correlated cascades. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we present a genomic signature based nomogram that integrates the 23-RNA biosignature based scores and Lauren classification. This model can be utilized to estimate the probability of LN metastasis with good performance in GC. The functional analysis of the DERs reveals the prospective biogenesis of LN metastasis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Feichao Xuan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhai Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suihan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hepan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianfa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Strell C, Stenmark Tullberg A, Jetne Edelmann R, Akslen LA, Malmström P, Fernö M, Holmberg E, Östman A, Karlsson P. Prognostic and predictive impact of stroma cells defined by PDGFRb expression in early breast cancer: results from the randomized SweBCG91RT trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:45-55. [PMID: 33661437 PMCID: PMC8062362 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Predictive biomarkers are needed to aid the individualization of radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts have been implicated in tumor radioresistance and can be identified by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRb). This study aims to analyze how PDGFRb expression affects RT benefit in a large randomized RT trial. Methods PDGFRb was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 989 tumors of the SweBCG91RT trial, which enrolled lymph node-negative, stage I/IIA breast cancer patients randomized to RT after breast-conserving surgery. Outcomes were analyzed at 10 years for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) and any recurrence and 15 years for breast cancer specific death (BCSD). Results PDGFRb expression correlated with estrogen receptor negativity and younger age. An increased risk for any recurrence was noted in univariable analysis for the medium (HR 1.58, CI 95% 1.11–2.23, p = 0.011) or PDGFRb high group (1.49, 1.06–2.10, p = 0.021) compared to the low group. No differences in IBTR or BCSD risk were detected. RT benefit regarding IBTR risk was significant in the PDGFRb low (0.29, 0.12–0.67, p = 0.004) and medium (0.31, 0.16–0.59, p < 0.001) groups but not the PDGFRb high group (0.64, 0.36–1.11, p = 0.110) in multivariable analysis. Likewise, risk reduction for any recurrence was less pronounced in the PDGFRb high group. No significant interaction between RT and PDGFRb-score could be detected. Conclusion A higher PDGFRb-score conferred an increased risk of any recurrence, which partly can be explained by its association with estrogen receptor negativity and young age. Reduced RT benefit was noted among patients with high PDGFRb, however without significant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Strell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Stenmark Tullberg
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reidunn Jetne Edelmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Andreas Akslen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Malmström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zhao Z, Lin CY, Cheng K. siRNA- and miRNA-based therapeutics for liver fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 214:17-29. [PMID: 31476281 PMCID: PMC6848786 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process induced by chronic liver injuries, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metal poisoning. The accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is a key characteristic of liver fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producers of ECM and therefore play irreplaceably important roles during the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrogenesis is highly correlated with the activation of HSCs, which is regulated by numerous profibrotic cytokines. Using RNA interference to downregulate these cytokines in activated HSCs is a promising strategy to reverse liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been exploited for the treatment of liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the current siRNA- and miRNA-based liver fibrosis treatment strategies by targeting activated HSCs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
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11
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Pediatric Sarcoma: Mesenchymal Mechanisms Regulating Cell Migration and Metastasis. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:90. [PMID: 31418125 PMCID: PMC6695368 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents a selection of regulatory molecules of tumor microenvironmental properties and metastasis. Signaling pathways controlling mesenchymal biology in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas found in children and adolescents are prioritized. RECENT FINDINGS The tumor microenvironment of pediatric tumors is still relatively unexplored. Highlighted findings are mainly on deregulated genes associated with cell adhesion, migration, and tumor cell dissemination. How these processes are involved in a mesenchymal phenotype and metastasis is further discussed in relation to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial tumors. Cell plasticity is emerging as a concept with impact on tumor behavior. Sarcomas belong to a heterogeneous group of tumors where local recurrence and tumor spread pose major challenges despite intense multimodal treatments. Molecular pathways involved in the metastatic process are currently being characterized, and tumor-regulatory properties of structural components, and infiltrating, non-malignant cell types should be further investigated.
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Papadopoulos N, Lennartsson J. The PDGF/PDGFR pathway as a drug target. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 62:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li H, Zeitelhofer M, Nilsson I, Liu X, Allan L, Gloria B, Perani A, Murone C, Catimel B, Neville AM, Scott FE, Scott AM, Eriksson U. Development of monoclonal anti-PDGF-CC antibodies as tools for investigating human tissue expression and for blocking PDGF-CC induced PDGFRα signalling in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201089. [PMID: 30052660 PMCID: PMC6063412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PDGF-CC is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family that stimulates PDGFRα phosphorylation and thereby activates intracellular signalling events essential for development but also in cancer, fibrosis and neuropathologies involving blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In order to elucidate the biological and pathological role(s) of PDGF-CC signalling, we have generated high affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing human PDGF-CC. We determined the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the selected clones, and mapped the binding epitope for clone 6B3. Using the monoclonal 6B3, we determined the expression pattern for PDGF-CC in different human primary tumours and control tissues, and explored its ability to neutralize PDGF-CC-induced phosphorylation of PDGFRα. In addition, we showed that PDGF-CC induced disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was significantly reduced upon intraperitoneal administration of a chimeric anti-PDGF-CC antibody. In summary, we report on high affinity monoclonal antibodies against PDGF-CC that have therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xicong Liu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Allan
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Gloria
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angelo Perani
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmel Murone
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A. Munro Neville
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fiona E. Scott
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang Y, Appiah-Kubi K, Lan T, Wu M, Pang J, Qian H, Tao Y, Jiang L, Wu Y, Chen Y. PKG II inhibits PDGF-BB triggered biological activities by phosphorylating PDGFRβ in gastric cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1358-1369. [PMID: 29935031 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG II) could inhibit the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is a widely investigated RTK. PDGFR belongs to family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) too. However, the effect of PKG II on PDGFR activation is not clear yet. This study investigated potential regulatory effect of PKG II on activation of PDGFRβ and the downstream signaling transductions in gastric cancer. The results from CCK8 assay and Transwell assay indicated that PDGF-BB induced cell proliferation and migration. Activated PKG II reversed the above variations caused by PDGF-BB. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting results showed that PKG II combined with PDGFRβ and phosphorylated this receptor, and thereby inhibited PDGF-BB induced activation of PDGFRβ, and MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt mediated signal transduction pathways. Based on the prediction by phosphorylation site software, Ser643 and Ser712 were mutated to alanine respectively which prevented phosphorylation at these sites. Mutation at Ser712 abolished the inhibitory function of PKG II on PDGFRβ activation but mutation of Ser643 had no such an effect, indicating that Ser712 was PKG II-specific phosphorylating site of PDGFRβ. In conclusion, PKG II inhibited PDGFRβ activation in gastric cancer via phosphorylating Ser712 of this RTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Kwaku Appiah-Kubi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Department of Applied Biology, University for Development Studies, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Ting Lan
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Ji Pang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Hai Qian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yan Tao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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Zhu Y, Zhang X, Lou X, Chen M, Luo P, He Q. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody significantly increases the risk of hand-foot skin reaction to multikinase inhibitors (MKIs): A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29543385 PMCID: PMC6032857 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the use of multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) having emerged in recent years, skin toxicities such as hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) are primary side effects, and they lack effective prediction methods. Here, we updated a previous systematic review by establishing a meta-analysis of the risk of developing HFSR among patients receiving MKIs and antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Publications from PubMed and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting up to February 5, 2015, were searched to identify relevant studies, and a total of 236 patients with metastatic tumours in nine trials were included for analysis. In the meta-analysis, the pooled incidence rates of all-grade and high-grade HFSR among patients who received the combination therapy were 56.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 45%-71.1%] and 14.3% (95% CI, 9%-24.2%), respectively, with significant differences observed with MKI monotherapy (P < .05). Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that increasing the dosages of bevacizumab (77.8% vs 51.1%, P = .04) and MKIs (64.3% vs 52.6%, P = .02) significantly increased HFSR incidence. Moreover, combination with chemotherapy exerted a minimal effect on HFSR risk (61% vs 55.3%, P = .5). This updated review and meta-analysis confirm the increased risk of HFSR incidence due to the use of MKIs and antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Thus, using these therapies requires safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoe Lou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kanikarla-Marie P, Lam M, Sorokin AV, Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Menter DG. Platelet Metabolism and Other Targeted Drugs; Potential Impact on Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:107. [PMID: 29732316 PMCID: PMC5919962 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of platelets in cancer progression has been well recognized in the field of cancer biology. Emerging studies are elaborating further the additional roles and added extent that platelets play in promoting tumorigenesis. Platelets release factors that support tumor growth and also form heterotypic aggregates with tumor cells, which can provide an immune-evasive advantage. Their most critical role may be the inhibition of immune cell function that can negatively impact the body’s ability in preventing tumor establishment and growth. This review summarizes the importance of platelets in tumor progression, therapeutic response, survival, and finally the notion of immunotherapy modulation being likely to benefit from the inclusion of platelet inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla-Marie
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Lam
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexey V Sorokin
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David G Menter
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Jansson S, Aaltonen K, Bendahl PO, Falck AK, Karlsson M, Pietras K, Rydén L. The PDGF pathway in breast cancer is linked to tumour aggressiveness, triple-negative subtype and early recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:231-241. [PMID: 29380207 PMCID: PMC5945746 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling pathway is often dysregulated in cancer and PDGF-receptor expression has been linked to unfavourable prognostic factors in breast cancer (e.g. ER negativity, high Ki67 and high grade). This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PDGFRα, PDGFRβ and ligand PDGF-CC in breast cancer in relation to molecular subtypes and prognosis. Methods Protein expression of tumour and/or stromal cell PDGFRα, PDGFRβ and PDGF-CC was evaluated in primary tumours (N = 489), synchronous lymph node metastases (N = 135) and asynchronous recurrences (N = 39) using immunohistochemistry in a prospectively maintained cohort of primary breast cancer patients included during 1999–2003. Distant recurrence-free interval (DRFi) was the primary end-point. Results High expression of all investigated PDGF family members correlated to increasing Nottingham histopathological grade and high Ki67. Tumour cells displayed high expression of PDGFRα in 20%, and PDGF-CC in 21% of primary tumours, which correlated with the triple-negative subtype (TNBC). Patients with high PDGF-CC had inferior prognosis (P = 0.04) in terms of 5-year DRFi, whereas PDGFRα was up-regulated in lymph node metastasis and recurrences compared to primary tumours. High primary tumour PDGFRα was associated with increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) recurrence. Conclusions High PDGFRα and PDGF-CC expression were linked to breast cancer with an aggressive biological phenotype, e.g. the TNBC subtype, and high PDGF-CC increased the risk of 5-year distant recurrence. Tumour cell PDGFRα was significantly up-regulated in lymph node metastases and asynchronous recurrences. Our findings support an active role of the PDGF signalling pathway in tumour progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-018-4664-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jansson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology (Clinical Sciences), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C2, Scheelev. 2, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Aaltonen
- Division of Oncology and Pathology (Clinical Sciences), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C2, Scheelev. 2, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology and Pathology (Clinical Sciences), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C2, Scheelev. 2, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Falck
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, SE-251 87, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Karlsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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18
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Heldin CH, Lennartsson J, Westermark B. Involvement of platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors in tumorigenesis. J Intern Med 2018; 283:16-44. [PMID: 28940884 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and their receptors have important roles during embryogenesis, particularly in the development of various mesenchymal cell types in different organs. In the adult, PDGF stimulates wound healing and regulates tissue homeostasis. However, overactivity of PDGF signalling is associated with malignancies and other diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation, such as fibrotic conditions and atherosclerosis. In certain tumours, genetic or epigenetic alterations of the genes for PDGF ligands and receptors drive tumour cell proliferation and survival. Examples include the rare skin tumour dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, which is driven by autocrine PDGF stimulation due to translocation of a PDGF gene, and certain gastrointestinal stromal tumours and leukaemias, which are driven by constitute activation of PDGF receptors due to point mutations and formation of fusion proteins of the receptors, respectively. Moreover, PDGF stimulates cells in tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis as well as the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts, both of which promote tumour progression. Inhibitors of PDGF signalling may thus be of clinical usefulness in the treatment of certain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Westermark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Östman A. PDGF receptors in tumor stroma: Biological effects and associations with prognosis and response to treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:117-123. [PMID: 28970051 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands and their receptors (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ) regulate mesenchymal cells, such as fibroblasts and pericytes. These cells are important constituents of tumor stroma where they impact on tumor growth, metastasis and drug response. Studies in model systems have demonstrated ability of the PDGF system to regulate the tumor-stimulatory effects of fibroblasts, as well as their ability to promote cancer cell migration and invasion. Animal studies imply PDGFR-signaling as a regulator of tumor drug uptake. Emerging correlative analyses of different tumor collections are identifying clinically relevant variations in stromal PDGFR status, and associations between PDGFR status in tumor stroma and survival. These associations could either relate to effects of stromal PDGFR signaling on the natural course of the disease or response to treatment. The availability of clinically approved PDGFR-inhibitory drugs suggest interesting possibilities for novel clinical studies, performed on selected patient sub-groups, which further exploits tumor stroma-derived PDGFR signaling.
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Targeted treatments of sarcomas and connective tumors beside gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Curr Opin Oncol 2017; 28:338-44. [PMID: 27166665 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies historically treated with classic cytotoxic chemotherapy. This review updates the recent advances in targeted therapies in soft-tissue sarcoma, bone sarcoma and other connective diseases with local aggressiveness. RECENT FINDINGS Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors, antiangiogenics, cell cycle inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents are the main targeted therapies in development in sarcoma. PDGFRα inhibitor olaratumab is being evaluated in a phase III trial in combination with doxorubicin against doxorubicin in monotherapy and, in case of positive results, it could change the standard in the first-line setting. Immunotherapy is still in the early phases of development, although some data in synovial sarcoma are promising. Targeted agents are also in development in other mesenchymal neoplasms, such as the inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor for pigmented villonodular synovitis. SUMMARY Several targeted therapies are in development in sarcoma and could be added to the therapeutic armamentarium in the near future. However, predictive factors still need to be identified to better select the target population of these new drugs.
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Significant blockade of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases by MGCD516 (Sitravatinib), a novel small molecule inhibitor, shows potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of sarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4093-109. [PMID: 26675259 PMCID: PMC4826192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare but highly aggressive mesenchymal tumors with a median survival of 10–18 months for metastatic disease. Mutation and/or overexpression of many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including c-Met, PDGFR, c-Kit and IGF1-R drive defective signaling pathways in sarcomas. MGCD516 (Sitravatinib) is a novel small molecule inhibitor targeting multiple RTKs involved in driving sarcoma cell growth. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of MGCD516 both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. MGCD516 treatment resulted in significant blockade of phosphorylation of potential driver RTKs and induced potent anti-proliferative effects in vitro. Furthermore, MGCD516 treatment of tumor xenografts in vivo resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth. Efficacy of MGCD516 was superior to imatinib and crizotinib, two other well-studied multi-kinase inhibitors with overlapping target specificities, both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report describing MGCD516 as a potent multi-kinase inhibitor in different models of sarcoma, superior to imatinib and crizotinib. Results from this study showing blockade of multiple driver signaling pathways provides a rationale for further clinical development of MGCD516 for the treatment of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma.
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Hammarsten P, Dahl Scherdin T, Hägglöf C, Andersson P, Wikström P, Stattin P, Egevad L, Granfors T, Bergh A. High Caveolin-1 Expression in Tumor Stroma Is Associated with a Favourable Outcome in Prostate Cancer Patients Managed by Watchful Waiting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164016. [PMID: 27764093 PMCID: PMC5072718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated whether Caveolin-1 expression in non-malignant and malignant prostate tissue is a potential prognostic marker for outcome in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 was measured in prostate tissues obtained through transurethral resection of the prostate from 395 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The majority of the patients (n = 298) were followed by watchful waiting after diagnosis. Tissue microarrays constructed from malignant and non-malignant prostate tissue were stained with an antibody against Caveolin-1. The staining pattern was scored and related to clinicopathologic parameters and outcome. Microdissection and qRT-PCR analysis of Cav-1 was done of the prostate stroma from non-malignant tissue and stroma from Gleason 3 and 4 tumors. Cav-1 RNA expression was highest in non-malignant tissue and decreased during cancer progression. High expression of Caveolin-1 in tumor stroma was associated with significantly longer cancer specific survival in prostate cancer patients. This association remained significant when Gleason score and local tumor stage were combined with Caveolin-1 in a Cox regression model. High stromal Caveolin-1 immunoreactivity in prostate tumors is associated with a favourable prognosis in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 could possibly become a useful prognostic marker for prostate cancer patients that are potential candidates for active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hammarsten
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Tove Dahl Scherdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina Hägglöf
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Andersson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Wang X, Wu X, Zhang A, Wang S, Hu C, Chen W, Shen Y, Tan R, Sun Y, Xu Q. Targeting the PDGF-B/PDGFR-β Interface with Destruxin A5 to Selectively Block PDGF-BB/PDGFR-ββ Signaling and Attenuate Liver Fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2016; 7:146-56. [PMID: 27322468 PMCID: PMC4909612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PDGF-BB/PDGFR-ββ signaling plays very crucial roles in the process of many diseases such as liver fibrosis. However, drug candidates with selective affinities for PDGF-B/PDGFR-β remain deficient. Here, we identified a natural cyclopeptide termed destruxin A5 that effectively inhibits PDGF-BB-induced PDGFR-β signaling. Interestingly and importantly, the inhibitory mechanism is distinct from the mechanism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors because destruxin A5 does not have the ability to bind to the ATP-binding pocket of PDGFR-β. Using Biacore T200 technology, thermal shift technology, microscale thermophoresis technology and computational analysis, we confirmed that destruxin A5 selectively targets the PDGF-B/PDGFR-β interaction interface to block this signaling. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of destruxin A5 on PDGF-BB/PDGFR-ββ signaling was verified using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models, in which the extent of liver fibrosis was effectively alleviated by destruxin A5. In summary, destruxin A5 may represent an efficacious and more selective inhibitor of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-ββ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Zang C, Eucker J, Habbel P, Neumann C, Schulz CO, Bangemann N, Kissner L, Riess H, Liu H. Targeting multiple tyrosine kinase receptors with Dovitinib blocks invasion and the interaction between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1291-9. [PMID: 25714853 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.995050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A constitutive and dynamic interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding stroma is a prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts (collectively called cancer associated fibroblasts, CAFs) often represent the major cellular components of tumor stroma. Tumor cells secret different growth factors which induce CAFs proliferation and differentiation, and, consequently, CAFs secrete different chemokines, cytokines or growth factors which induce tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In this study we showed here that CAFs from breast cancer surgical specimens significantly induced the invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Most interestingly, the novel multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor Dovitinib significantly blocked the CAFs-induced invasion of breast cancer cells by, at least in part, inhibition of the expression and secretion of CCL2, CCL5 and VEGF in CAFs. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling could be responsible for the effects of Dovitinib, since Dovitinib antagonized the promoted phosphorylated Akt after treatment with PDGF, FGF or breast cancer cell-conditioned media. Treatment with Dovitinib in combination with PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibitors Ly294002 or RAD001 resulted in additive inhibition of cell invasion. This is the first in vitro study to show that the multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor has therapeutic activities against breast cancer metastasis by targeting both tumor cells and CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbing Zang
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology ; Charité-University Medicine; Charitéplatz 1 ; Berlin , Germany
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Abstract
Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors affecting all age groups. They are typically classified according to their resemblance to corresponding normal tissue. Their heterogeneous features, for example, in terms of disease-driving genetic aberrations and body location, complicate both disease classification and development of novel treatment regimens. Many years of failure of improved patient outcome in clinical trials has led to the conclusion that novel targeted therapies are likely needed in combination with current multimodality regimens. Sarcomas have not, in contrast to the common carcinomas, been the subject of larger systematic studies on how tumor behavior relates to characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. There is consequently an urgent need for identifying suitable molecular targets, not only in tumor cells but also in the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses preclinical and clinical data about potential molecular targets in sarcomas. Studies on targeted therapies involving the tumor microenvironment are prioritized. A greater understanding of the biological context is expected to facilitate more successful design of future clinical trials in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ehnman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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Xu YY, Gao P, Sun Y, Duan YR. Development of targeted therapies in treatment of glioblastoma. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 12:223-37. [PMID: 26487967 PMCID: PMC4607828 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of tumor that is highly lethal despite maximal therapy. Standard therapeutic approaches provide modest improvement in progression-free and overall survival, necessitating the investigation of novel therapies. Oncologic therapy has recently experienced a rapid evolution toward "targeted therapy", with drugs directed against specific targets which play essential roles in the proliferation, survival, and invasiveness of GBM cells, including numerous molecules involved in signal transduction pathways. Inhibitors of these molecules have already entered or are undergoing clinical trials. However, significant challenges in their development remain because several preclinical and clinical studies present conflicting results. In this article, we will provide an up-to-date review of the current targeted therapies in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You-Rong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Paulsson J, Ehnman M, Östman A. PDGF receptors in tumor biology: prognostic and predictive potential. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1695-708. [PMID: 25145436 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) exert cell type-specific effects in many different tumor types. They are emerging as key regulators of mesenchymal cells of the tumor microenvironment, and of many common malignancies, such as cancer of the breast, colon and prostate. In some tumor types PDGFRs are genetically activated and are thus directly involved in stimulation of malignant cell growth. Recent studies have uncovered clinically relevant variations in stromal PDGFR expression. High stromal PDGFRβ expression or activation is associated with poor prognosis in breast and prostate cancer. Indications of prognostic significance of stromal PDGFRβ expression in various GI tract tumor types also exist. The prognostic significance of PDGFRα and β in malignant cells of common epithelial tumor types should be further studied. Collectively data suggest that continued characterization of PDGFR expression in human tumors should present opportunities for improved accuracy in prognosis and also allow novel biomarker-based clinical studies exploring the efficacy of PDGFR-directed tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Paulsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Mussolin L, Holmes AB, Romualdi C, Sales G, D'Amore ESG, Ghisi M, Pillon M, Rosolen A, Basso K. An aberrant microRNA signature in childhood T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma affecting CDKN1B expression, NOTCH1 and growth factor signaling pathways. Leukemia 2014; 28:1909-12. [PMID: 24727675 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Mussolin
- 1] Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrico Fondazione Citta' della Speranza, Padova, Italy [2] Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universita' di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A B Holmes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Romualdi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - G Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E S G D'Amore
- Department of Pathology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - M Ghisi
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Pillon
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universita' di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Rosolen
- 1] Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrico Fondazione Citta' della Speranza, Padova, Italy [2] Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universita' di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - K Basso
- 1] Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Strand J, Varasteh Z, Eriksson O, Abrahmsen L, Orlova A, Tolmachev V. Gallium-68-labeled affibody molecule for PET imaging of PDGFRβ expression in vivo. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3957-64. [PMID: 24972112 DOI: 10.1021/mp500284t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor involved, for example, in angiogenesis. Overexpression and excessive signaling of PDGFRβ has been observed in multiple malignant tumors and fibrotic diseases, making this receptor a pharmaceutical target for monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Successful targeted therapy requires identification of responding patients. Radionuclide molecular imaging would enable determination of the PDGFRβ status in all lesions using a single noninvasive repeatable procedure. Recently, we have demonstrated that the affibody molecule Z09591 labeled with (111)In can specifically target PDGFRβ-expressing tumors in vivo. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging technique would provide superior resolution, sensitivity, and quantitation accuracy. In this study, a DOTA-conjugated Z09591 was labeled with the generator-produced positron emitting radionuclide (68)Ga (T1/2 = 67.6 min, Eβ + max = 1899 keV, 89% β(+)). (68)Ga-DOTA-Z09591 retained the capacity to specifically bind to PDGFRβ-expressing U-87 MG glioma cells. The half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) of (68)Ga-DOTA-Z09591 (6.6 ± 1.4 nM) was somewhat higher than that of (111)In-DOTA-Z09591 (1.4 ± 1.2 nM). (68)Ga-DOTA-Z09591 demonstrated specific (saturable) targeting of U-87 MG xenografts in immunodeficient mice. The tumor uptake at 2 h after injection was 3.7 ± 1.7% IA/g, which provided a tumor-to-blood ratio of 8.0 ± 3.1. The only organ with higher accumulation of radioactivity was the kidney. MicroPET imaging provided high-contrast imaging of U-87 MG xenografts. In conclusion, the (68)Ga-labeled affibody molecule Z09591 is a promising candidate for further development as a probe for imaging PDGFRβ expression in vivo using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Strand
- Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
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Gastric cancer-derived MSC-secreted PDGF-DD promotes gastric cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1835-48. [PMID: 24938433 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the role of PDGF-DD secreted by gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) in human gastric cancer progression. METHODS Gastric cancer cells were indirectly co-cultured with GC-MSCs in a transwell system. The growth and migration of gastric cancer cells were evaluated by cell colony formation assay and transwell migration assay, respectively. The production of PDGF-DD in GC-MSCs was determined by using Luminex and ELISA. Neutralization of PDGFR-β by su16f and siRNA interference of PDGF-DD in GC-MSCs was used to demonstrate the role of PDGF-DD produced by GC-MSCs in gastric cancer progression. RESULTS GC-MSC conditioned medium promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Co-culture with GC-MSCs increased the phosphorylation of PDGFR-β in SGC-7901 cells. Neutralization of PDGFR-β by su16f blocked the promoting role of GC-MSC conditioned medium in gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. Recombinant PDGF-DD duplicated the effects of GC-MSC conditioned medium on gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of PDGF-DD in GC-MSCs abolished its effects on gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PDGF-DD secreted by GC-MSCs is capable of promoting gastric cancer cell progression in vitro and in vivo. Targeting the PDGF-DD/PDGFR-β interaction between MSCs and gastric cancer cells may represent a novel strategy for gastric cancer therapy.
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Ye P, Zhang W, Yang T, Lu Y, Lu M, Gai Y, Ma X, Xiang G. Folate receptor-targeted liposomes enhanced the antitumor potency of imatinib through the combination of active targeting and molecular targeting. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2167-78. [PMID: 24855354 PMCID: PMC4019625 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Imatinib inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and evidence shows that PDGFR participates in the development and progression of cervical cancer. Although imatinib has exhibited preclinical activity against cervical cancer, only minimal clinical therapeutic efficacy was observed. This poor therapeutic efficacy may be due to insufficient drug delivery to the tumor cells and plasma protein binding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore a novel folate receptor (FR)-targeted delivery system via imatinib-loaded liposomes to enhance drug delivery to tumor cells and to reduce plasma protein binding. Methods Imatinib was remote-loaded into FR-targeted liposomes which were prepared by thin film hydration followed by polycarbonate membrane extrusion. Encapsulation efficiency, mean size diameter, and drug retention were characterized and cellular uptake, cell cytotoxicity, and cell apoptosis on cervical cancer HeLa cells were evaluated. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies were also carried out with FR-targeted imatinib liposomes, simple imatinib liposomes, and free imatinib. Results High encapsulation efficiency (>90%), appropriate mean particle size (143.5 nm), and zeta potential (−15.97 mV) were obtained for FR-targeted imatinib liposomes. The drug release profile showed minimal imatinib leakage (<5%) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH =7.4 within 72 hours of incubation, while more leakage (>25%) was observed in PBS at pH =5.5. This indicates that these liposomes possess a certain degree of pH sensitivity. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the FR-targeted imatinib liposomes promoted a six-fold IC50 reduction on the non-targeted imatinib liposomes from 910 to 150 μM. In addition, FR-targeted imatinib liposomes enhanced HeLa cell apoptosis in vitro compared to the non-targeted imatinib liposomes. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that both targeted and non-targeted liposomes exhibited long circulation properties in Kunming mice. Conclusion These findings indicate that the nano-sized FR-targeted PDGFR antagonist imatinib liposomes may constitute a promising strategy in cervical cancer therapy through the combination of active targeting and molecular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Viale G, Esposito A, Curigliano G. Investigational platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors in breast cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:599-610. [PMID: 24597540 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.895323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant regulation of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFR) has been shown to be involved in many solid tumors, including breast cancer. PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β expressions were documented in breast cancer and are correlated with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. Preclinical evidence further suggests tumor stimulatory roles of PDGFRs expressed by tumor stroma cells and indicates a deleterious effect of stromal PDGFRs on intratumoral drug uptake. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the present understanding of PDGF signaling in breast cancer based on experimental studies and available clinical trials. It also provides a critical discussion of selected ongoing clinical trials in patients with breast cancer involving PDGFR inhibition with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, specifically in endocrine responsive breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION An increased molecular understanding of response and resistance mechanisms to endocrine therapy will be essential for therapeutic advances in PDGFR-directed cancer therapy. Future developments in the field will rely on clinical studies where prospective analyses of target expression in breast cancer cells and in the tumor stroma are included. More selective PDGFR inhibitors with reduced side effects will be crucial for combinatorial therapies. Development of sensitive diagnostics is of critical importance for patient selection and monitoring of therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Criscitiello
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies , Via Ripamonti 435, 20133 Milano , Italy +39 02 57489788 ; +39 02 57489581 ;
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