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HPV16-E7 Protein T Cell Epitope Prediction and Global Therapeutic Peptide Vaccine Design Based on Human Leukocyte Antigen Frequency: An In-Silico Study. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020; 27:365-378. [PMID: 32837456 PMCID: PMC7320846 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common leading cause of women's death due to cancer worldwide, about 528,000 patients’ cases and 266,000 deaths per year, related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Peptide-based vaccines being safe, stable, and easy to produce have demonstrated great potential to develop therapeutic HPV vaccine. In this study, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, class II T cell epitopes of HPV16-E7 were predicted. Therefore, we designed a plan to find the most effective peptides to prompt appropriate immune responses. For this purpose, retrieving protein sequences, conserved region identification, phylogenic tree construction, T cell epitope prediction, epitope-predicted population coverage calculation, and molecular docking were performed consecutively and most effective immune response prompting peptides were selected. Based on different tools index, six CD8+ T cells and six CD4+ epitopes were chosen. This combination of 12 epitopes created a putative global vaccine with a 95.06% population coverage. These identified peptides can be employed further for peptide analysis and can be used as a peptide or poly-epitope candidates for therapeutic vaccine studies to treat HPV-associated cancers.
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Kandalaft LE, Powell DJ, Chiang CL, Tanyi J, Kim S, Bosch M, Montone K, Mick R, Levine BL, Torigian DA, June CH, Coukos G. Autologous lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination followed by adoptive transfer of vaccine-primed ex vivo co-stimulated T cells in recurrent ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e22664. [PMID: 23482679 PMCID: PMC3583933 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies for the therapy of recurrent ovarian cancer are warranted. We report a study of a combinatorial approach encompassing dendritic cell (DC)-based autologous whole tumor vaccination and anti-angiogenesis therapy, followed by the adoptive transfer of autologous vaccine-primed CD3/CD28-co-stimulated lymphocytes. Recurrent ovarian cancer patients for whom tumor lysate was available from prior cytoreductive surgery underwent conditioning with intravenous bevacizumab and oral metronomic cyclophosphamide, sequentially followed by (1) bevacizumab plus vaccination with DCs pulsed with autologous tumor cell lysate supernatants, (2) lymphodepletion and (3) transfer of 5 × 109 autologous vaccine-primed T-cells in combination with the vaccine. Feasibility, safety as well as immunological and clinical efficacy were evaluated. Six subjects received this vaccination. Therapy was feasible, well tolerated, and elicited antitumor immune responses in four subjects, who also experienced clinical benefits. Of these, three patients with residual measurable disease received outpatient lymphodepletion and adoptive T-cell transfer, which was well tolerated and resulted in a durable reduction of circulating regulatory T cells and increased CD8+ lymphocyte counts. The vaccine-induced restoration of antitumor immunity was achieved in two subjects, who also demonstrated clinical benefits, including one complete response. Our findings indicate that combinatorial cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer is well tolerated and warrants further investigation. Several modifications of this approach can be envisioned to optimize immunological and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana E Kandalaft
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
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3
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Sim GC, Chacon J, Haymaker C, Ritthipichai K, Singh M, Hwu P, Radvanyi L. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Melanoma: Rationale and Issues for Further Clinical Development. BioDrugs 2014; 28:421-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-014-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Dizon DS, Mackay HJ, Thomas GM, Werner TL, Kohn EC, Hess D, Rose PG, Covens AL. State of the science in cervical cancer: where we are today and where we need to go. Cancer 2014; 120:2282-8. [PMID: 24737608 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Invasive cervical cancer remains an important global cause of death, despite the declining prevalence within the United States. Definitive therapies, including surgical resection of early-stage disease and chemoradiation for locally advanced disease, can be curative. For women who experience local or distant recurrences, the prognosis remains poor and better treatments are required. On July 18, 2013, The Gynecologic Oncology Group sponsored a State of the Science in Cervical Cancer Symposium with experts, researchers, clinicians, and interested stakeholders. This article summarize the progress that has been made, questions that require further investigation, and contemporary genomic findings and innovative treatments that may help inform the next generation of clinical trials for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don S Dizon
- Gillette Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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5
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Scarlett UK, Conejo-Garcia JR. Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment as an ovarian cancer treatment strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:413-419. [PMID: 24039628 DOI: 10.1586/eog.12.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
After more than 30 years of iterations of surgical debulking plus chemotherapy, the need for complementary ovarian cancer treatments has become clear. In the ovarian cancer microenvironment, myeloid immunosuppressive leukocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, as well as their secreted products, surface molecules and paracrine survival factors, all provide opportunities for novel interventions. The potential of targeting microenvironmental elements in ovarian cancer patients is underscored by recently successful anti-angiogenic therapies. The compartmentalized nature of ovarian cancer, its immunogenicity and its accessibility make it an ideal disease for targeting non-tumor host cells. This review discusses the 'state-of-the-art' of the field, with an emphasis on the potential of modulating the activity of abundant microenvironmental immune cells, which govern both angiogenesis and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uciane K Scarlett
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program. The Wistar Institute. Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Tumor immune surveillance and ovarian cancer: lessons on immune mediated tumor rejection or tolerance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2011; 30:141-51. [PMID: 21298574 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, cancer immunotherapies have produced promising results. Although traditionally considered unresponsive to immune therapy, increasing evidence indicates that ovarian cancers are, in fact, immunogenic tumors. This evidence comes from diverse epidemiologic and clinical data comprising evidence of spontaneous antitumor immune response and its association with longer survival in a proportion of ovarian cancer patients; evidence of tumor immune evasion mechanisms and their association with short survival in some ovarian cancer patients; and finally pilot data supporting the efficacy of immune therapy. Below we will discuss lessons learned on the biology underlying ovarian cancer immune rejection or tolerance and we will discuss its association with clinical outcome. We will discuss the role of angiogenesis and the tumor endothelium on regulation of the antitumor immune response with a special emphasis on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the suppression of immunological processes, which control tumor progression and its unique crosstalk with endothelin systems, and how their interactions may shape the antitumor immune response. In addition, we will discuss mechanisms of tumor tolerance through the suppression or exhaustion of effector cells and how these could be countered in the clinic. We believe that understanding these pathways in the tumor microenvironment will lead to novel strategies for enhancing ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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7
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Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Martinez D, Scarlett UK, Rutkowski MR, Nesbeth YC, Camposeco-Jacobs AL, Conejo-Garcia JR. CD277 is a negative co-stimulatory molecule universally expressed by ovarian cancer microenvironmental cells. Oncotarget 2011; 1:329-38. [PMID: 21113407 PMCID: PMC2992324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD277, a member of the butyrophilin subfamily 3 (BTN3), shares significant sequence similarities and predicted common structural features with inhibitory B7-H4 and other members of the B7 superfamily. Here we report that CD277 is consistently expressed in stromal, as well as tumor cells in the microenvironment of human advanced ovarian carcinoma specimens, both of primary and metastatic origin. MHC-II+ myeloid antigenpresenting leukocytes (dendritic cells and macrophages) express significantly higher levels of surface CD277, compared to other tumor-infiltrating leukocyte subsets, and this expression is significantly up-regulated by multiple common tumor microenvironmental signals, including VEGF and CCL3. Most importantly, engagement of CD277 on the surface of TCR-stimulated T cells inhibits their otherwise robust expansion and production of Th1 cytokines by preventing the up-regulation of cFLIP. Our results point to a role for CD277 up-regulated by microenvironmental signals in the acquisition of a regulatory phenotype by tumor-associated myeloid cells. Consequently, CD277, and likely other butyrophilins and butyrophilin-like molecules, emerge as regular players in the orchestration of immunosuppressive networks in ovarian cancer, and therefore new targets for interventions to overcome immune evasion and boost anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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8
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Saad AF, Hu W, Sood AK. Microenvironment and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer. HORMONES & CANCER 2010; 1:277-90. [PMID: 21761359 PMCID: PMC3199131 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-010-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genetic alterations play a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Although many key proteins and pathways involved in ovarian carcinogenesis and metastasis have been discovered, knowledge of the early steps leading to malignancy remains poorly understood. This poor understanding stems from lack of data from early-stage cancers and absence of a well-established premalignant state universal to all ovarian cancer subtypes. Existing evidence suggests that ovarian cancers develop either through a stepwise mutation process (low-grade pathway), through genetic instability resulting in hastened metastasis (high-grade pathway), or more recently through what has been described as the "'fimbrial-ovarian' serous neoplasia theory." In this latter model, ovarian serous cancers evolve from premalignant lesions in the distal fallopian tube called tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. In this manuscript, we review key genetic and molecular changes that occur in cancer cell progression and suggest a model of ovarian cancer pathogenesis involving both tumor cell mutations and microenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F. Saad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, U.T.M.B. Galveston Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, U.T.M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, Unit 1362, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, U.T.M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, Unit 1362, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Cancer Biology, U.T.M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 173, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, Unit 1362, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lorusso D, Pietragalla A, Mainenti S, Di Legge A, Amadio G, Scambia G. Emerging drugs for ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2010; 15:635-52. [PMID: 20604741 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2010.502888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all female reproductive tract cancers, which reflects both the absence of proven ovarian cancer screening tests and the development of drug-resistant cancer cell. Apart from varying the dosages, schedules, mode of delivery and combinations of existing drugs, efforts must continue to identify signaling pathways in tumor cells sufficiently different from normal cells that can be a target for maximizing tumor kill and minimizing toxicity. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Some of the most important cellular pathways are analyzed and discussed and the most interesting clinical trials, both closed and ongoing, described. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain a panoramic vision of all the most active drugs in clinical investigations in ovarian cancer. The reader will also better understand what the unresolved problems of molecular research are and how complicated the process 'from the bench to the bedside' is. TAKE HOME MESSAGE It is only with a strong commitment, cooperation and collaboration from the international ovarian cancer community that significant improvement in patient outcomes can be attained beyond the marginal gains achieved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Lorusso
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, IT-00168 Rome.
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10
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Scarlett UK, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Nesbeth YC, Martinez DG, Engle X, Gewirtz AT, Ahonen CL, Conejo-Garcia JR. In situ stimulation of CD40 and Toll-like receptor 3 transforms ovarian cancer-infiltrating dendritic cells from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7329-37. [PMID: 19738057 PMCID: PMC2754806 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Boosting therapeutically relevant immunity against lethal epithelial tumors may require targeting tumor-induced immunosuppression on an individualized basis. Here, we show that, in the ovarian carcinoma microenvironment, CD11c(+)MHC-II(+) dendritic cells spontaneously engulf tumor materials but, rather than enhancing antitumor immunity, suppress T-cell function. In situ costimulation of CD40 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 on tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells decreased their L-arginase activity, enhanced their production of type I IFN and interleukin-12 (p70), augmented their capacity to process antigens, and up-regulated costimulatory molecules in vivo in mice and in vitro in human dissociated tumors. Synergistic CD40/TLR activation also induced the migration of activated dendritic cells to lymphatic locations and promoted their capacity to present antigens. Correspondingly, without exogenous antigen, combined CD40/TLR agonists boosted measurable T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity and induced the rejection of otherwise lethal i.p. ovarian carcinomas. Our results highlight the potential of transforming tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (the most abundant leukocyte subset in the solid ovarian carcinoma microenvironment) from an immunosuppressive to an immunostimulatory cell type. Combined administration of synergistic CD40 and TLR3 agonists could enhance their individual therapeutic effects against ovarian and other lethal epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uciane K Scarlett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Yolanda C Nesbeth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Diana G Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Xavier Engle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cory L Ahonen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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11
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Skak K, Søndergaard H, Frederiksen KS, Ehrnrooth E. In vivo antitumor efficacy of interleukin-21 in combination with chemotherapeutics. Cytokine 2009; 48:231-8. [PMID: 19709902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a class I cytokine with antitumor properties due to enhanced proliferation and effector function of CD8(+) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Here we have explored the magnitude and time-course of cytostatics-induced lymphopenia in mice and investigated whether treatment with cytostatics influences the antitumor effect of IL-21 in mouse tumor models. We show that pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), irinotecan and oxaliplatin induced transient lymphopenia, whereas 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) transiently increased lymphocyte counts. B cells were more sensitive than T cells towards irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Additive antitumor effects were observed after combining IL-21 with PLD, oxaliplatin and to less extent 5-FU but not irinotecan, and larger effect was observed when IL-21 administration was postponed relative to chemotherapy, suggesting that these agents may transiently impair immune function. However, the chemotherapies did not significantly alter the levels of circulating regulatory T cells and only marginally affected the ability of CD8(+) T cells to respond to IL-21 measured as increased granzyme B mRNA. Our results show that IL-21 therapy can be successfully combined with agents from different chemotherapeutic drug classes, i.e. topoisomerase II inhibitors (PLD), anti-metabolites (5-FU) and platinum analogs (oxaliplatin) provided that IL-21 therapy is delayed relative to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kresten Skak
- Immunopharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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12
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Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Engle X, Scarlett UK, Martinez D, Barber A, Elgueta R, Wang L, Nesbeth Y, Durant Y, Gewirtz AT, Sentman CL, Kedl R, Conejo-Garcia JR. Polyethylenimine-based siRNA nanocomplexes reprogram tumor-associated dendritic cells via TLR5 to elicit therapeutic antitumor immunity. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2231-44. [PMID: 19620771 PMCID: PMC2719935 DOI: 10.1172/jci37716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of clinically relevant immunotherapies requires reversing tumor-induced immunosuppression. Here we demonstrated that linear polyethylenimine-based (PEI-based) nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA were preferentially and avidly engulfed by regulatory DCs expressing CD11c and programmed cell death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) at ovarian cancer locations in mice. PEI-siRNA uptake transformed these DCs from immunosuppressive cells to efficient antigen-presenting cells that activated tumor-reactive lymphocytes and exerted direct tumoricidal activity, both in vivo and in situ. PEI triggered robust and selective TLR5 activation in vitro and elicited the production of hallmark TLR5-inducible cytokines in WT mice, but not in Tlr5-/- littermates. Thus, PEI is a TLR5 agonist that, to our knowledge, was not previously recognized. In addition, PEI-complexed nontargeting siRNA oligonucleotides stimulated TLR3 and TLR7. The nonspecific activation of multiple TLRs (specifically, TLR5 and TLR7) reversed the tolerogenic phenotype of human and mouse ovarian tumor-associated DCs. In ovarian carcinoma-bearing mice, this induced T cell-mediated tumor regression and prolonged survival in a manner dependent upon myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88; i.e., independent of TLR3). Furthermore, gene-specific siRNA-PEI nanocomplexes that silenced immunosuppressive molecules on mouse tumor-associated DCs elicited discernibly superior antitumor immunity and enhanced therapeutic effects compared with nontargeting siRNA-PEI nanocomplexes. Our results demonstrate that the intrinsic TLR5 and TLR7 stimulation of siRNA-PEI nanoparticles synergizes with the gene-specific silencing activity of siRNA to transform tumor-infiltrating regulatory DCs into DCs capable of promoting therapeutic antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Xavier Engle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Uciane K. Scarlett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amorette Barber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Raul Elgueta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yolanda Nesbeth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yvon Durant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Andrew T. Gewirtz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Charles L. Sentman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ross Kedl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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13
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Adams SF, Levine DA, Cadungog MG, Hammond R, Facciabene A, Olvera N, Rubin SC, Boyd J, Gimotty PA, Coukos G. Intraepithelial T cells and tumor proliferation: impact on the benefit from surgical cytoreduction in advanced serous ovarian cancer. Cancer 2009; 115:2891-902. [PMID: 19472394 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine whether tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and/or tumor mitotic activity could identify subgroups of patients with advanced serous epithelial ovarian cancer who would maximally benefit from aggressive surgical cytoreduction. METHODS Snap-frozen specimens from 134 consecutive patients with stage III or IV serous or poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma undergoing primary debulking surgery from a single US institution were characterized based on CD3(+), CD8(+), FoxP3(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and Ki67 expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated and compared using a log-rank statistic. A multivariate Cox model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios. Interactions were modeled using recursive partitioning based on maximal prognostic differentiation. RESULTS Brisk intraepithelial CD8(+) cells (P = .035) and low Ki67 expression (P = .042) portended prolonged survival. The T-cell infiltration was more likely to occur in tumors with high proliferation index. Patients whose tumors exhibited low Ki67 expression and high intraepithelial CD8(+) frequency had a 5-year survival rate of 73.3%. Patients with aggressive tumor behavior, that is, whose tumors exhibited low frequency of intraepithelial CD8(+) T cells or high Ki67 expression were more likely to draw benefit from aggressive surgical cytoreduction. Survival was similar for patients with brisk CD8(+) T cells who had optimal or suboptimal debulking. Likewise, survival was similar for patients with low Ki67 expression who had optimal or suboptimal debulking. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, these novel interactions of T cells, tumor proliferation index, and surgical treatment reveal that biological prognosticators may be useful for surgical decision making in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Adams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Nesbeth Y, Scarlett U, Cubillos-Ruiz J, Martinez D, Engle X, Turk MJ, Conejo-Garcia JR. CCL5-mediated endogenous antitumor immunity elicited by adoptively transferred lymphocytes and dendritic cell depletion. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6331-8. [PMID: 19602595 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antitumor T cells is a promisingly effective therapy for various cancers, but its effect on endogenous antitumor immune mechanisms remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the administration of naive T cells de novo primed for only 7 days against tumor antigens resulted in the durable rejection of otherwise lethal ovarian cancers when coupled with the depletion of tumor-associated immunosuppressive dendritic cells (DC). Therapeutic activity required tumor antigen specificity and perforin expression by the adoptively transferred T cells, but not IFN-gamma production. Importantly, these shortly primed T cells secreted large amounts of CCL5, which was required for their therapeutic benefit. Accordingly, transferred T cells recruited CCR5(+) DCs into the tumor, where they showed distinct immunostimulatory attributes. Activated CCR5(+) host T cells with antitumor activity also accumulated at tumor locations, and endogenous tumor-specific memory T cells remained elevated after the disappearance of transferred lymphocytes. Therefore, persistent, long-lived antitumor immunity was triggered by the administration of ex vivo activated T cells, but was directly mediated by immune cells of host origin. Our data unveil a CCL5-dependent mechanism of awakening endogenous antitumor immunity triggered by ex vivo expanded T cells, which is augmented by tumor-specific targeting of the cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Nesbeth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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15
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Down-regulation of proteasomal subunit MB1 is an independent predictor of improved survival in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 113:256-63. [PMID: 19243813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and to determine the prognostic impact of components of the antigen processing and presentation pathway (APPP) in ovarian cancer. METHODS Expression of MB1, LMP7, TAP1, TAP2, ERp57, ERAP1, beta(2)-microglobulin and the alpha-chains, HLA-B/C and HLA-A, of the MHC class I molecules was evaluated on tissue microarrays containing primary tumor samples from 232 FIGO stages I-IV ovarian cancer patients. Expression levels were correlated to clinicopathological data and disease specific (DSS) survival. RESULTS Patients with expression of all components of the MHC class I complex, i.e. HLA-A(+)-beta(2)-m(+) and HLA-B/C(+)-beta(2)-m(+) patients, more often had expression of LMP7, a component of the immunoproteasome than patients with other phenotypes (p<0.001). These patients were also more prone to loss of MB1, part of the constitutive multicatalytic proteasome (p<0.05). Nuclear MB1 expression was an independent predictor of worse DSS (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.16-3.26, p=0.012). The HLA-B/C(+)-beta(2)-m(+) phenotype was an independent predictor of a better prognosis (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40-0.99, p=0.047). Median DSS was longer for patients with normal nuclear expression of LMP7 (57.4 vs. 31.0 months, p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS The prognostic influence of the proteasomal subunit MB1 and the MHC class I complex in ovarian cancer provides a rationale for targeting these specific APPP components in ovarian cancer.
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16
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Frederick PJ, Straughn JM, Alvarez RD, Buchsbaum DJ. Preclinical studies and clinical utilization of monoclonal antibodies in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 113:384-90. [PMID: 19232697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present an overview of selected monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have been studied in epithelial ovarian cancer with a focus on combination treatment with conventional chemotherapy. METHODS The authors perform a narrative review of the literature. Preclinical studies that provided rationale for mAb use are examined, and selected clinical trials that evaluated efficacy and tolerability are reviewed. RESULTS Numerous mAbs have been utilized in epithelial ovarian cancer, including bevacizumab (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor), trastuzumab (anti-human epidermal growth factor-2), cetuximab (anti-epidermal growth factor receptor), and oregovomab (anti-CA125). Favorable preclinical results have lead to the development of a number of clinical trials. Side-effects have been minimal and combination therapy has been well-tolerated. Efficacy has been variable in the clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Targeted treatment with mAbs in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapy has been an important research area during the last decade. This therapeutic approach holds promise for improved outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Frederick
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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17
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Erreni M, Bianchi P, Laghi L, Mirolo M, Fabbri M, Locati M, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in human colon cancer. Methods Enzymol 2009; 460:105-21. [PMID: 19446722 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)05205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human colorectal cancer (CRC), the second largest cause of tumor-related death in Western countries, represents a paradigm for the now well-established connections between inflammation and cancer. In this study, we investigated which inflammatory mediators are mostly expressed in the microenvironment of human CRC. The RNA profile of a large panel of inflammatory genes, in particular chemokines and chemokine receptors, was analyzed in eight surgical tumor samples and in paired normal tissues from CRC patients. We employed an "inflammatory gene card" (TaqMan Low Density Array by Applied Biosystem), designed by our group, containing probes for 24 chemokines and 17 chemokine receptors. Several chemokines were strongly upregulated in the tumor microenvironment, most frequently CCL4 and CCL5, chemotactic for monocytes/macrophages and T cells, and the corresponding receptors CCR1 and CCR5; the angiogenic chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8, and the receptor CXCR2. The antiangiogenic chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 were also expressed, but in the absence of the receptor CXCR3. Selected results have been confirmed in a larger number of samples. The levels of mRNA CXCL8 were significantly associated with the levels of osteopontin, a matrix-associated protein that shares with chemokines important functions such as induction of cell migration and survival, and modulation of the neoangiogenesis. Overall these results could be helpful to identify the most relevant inflammatory pathways present in CRC tumors and to build a solid rationale for future therapeutic interventions based on anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Erreni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
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18
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Choi YS, Hoory T, Monie A, Wu A, Connolly D, Hung CF. alpha-Galactosylceramide enhances the protective and therapeutic effects of tumor cell based vaccines for ovarian tumors. Vaccine 2008; 26:5855-63. [PMID: 18771701 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death from gynecological cancers in the United States. Conventional therapies are unlikely to control advanced stage ovarian cancers, thus requiring innovative alternative therapies. In the current study, we characterized the therapeutic effect of tumor cell-based vaccines combined with the adjuvant, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) using two different mouse models. Our data suggests that treatment with alpha-GalCer led to an increase in the IFN-gamma serum levels in the presence or absence of irradiated mouse ovarian surface epithelial tumor cells (MOSEC). Furthermore, administration of irradiated MOSEC tumor cells with adjuvant alpha-GalCer generated significant protective and therapeutic antitumor effects against MOSEC tumors in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. In addition, immune cells expressing CD4, CD8 or NK1.1 markers were found to be important for the protective antitumor effects generated by irradiated tumor cell-based vaccines combined with adjuvant alpha-GalCer. We also found that treatment of a spontaneous ovarian cancer murine model, the Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor T antigen (TgMISIIR-TAg) transgenic mice with ovarian tumor cell-based vaccines combined with adjuvant alpha-GalCer led to prolonged survival as well as increased numbers of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Therefore, irradiated tumor cell-based vaccines in combination with alpha-GalCer are capable of breaking immune tolerance and generating significant antitumor effects in two different mouse tumor models. Our study serves as a foundation for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Seok Choi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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19
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Palmer DC, Chan CC, Gattinoni L, Wrzesinski C, Paulos CM, Hinrichs CS, Powell DJ, Klebanoff CA, Finkelstein SE, Fariss RN, Yu Z, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP. Effective tumor treatment targeting a melanoma/melanocyte-associated antigen triggers severe ocular autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:8061-6. [PMID: 18523011 PMCID: PMC2409137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710929105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmutated tissue differentiation antigens expressed by tumors are attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy, but the consequences of a highly effective antitumor immune response on self-tissue have not been fully characterized. We found that the infusion of ex vivo expanded adoptively transferred melanoma/melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells that mediated robust tumor killing also induced autoimmune destruction of melanocytes in the eye. This severe autoimmunity was associated with the up-regulation of MHC class I molecules in the eye and high levels of IFN-gamma derived from both adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells and host cells. Furthermore, ocular autoimmunity required the presence of the IFN-gamma receptor on target tissues. Data compiled from >200 eyes and tumors in 10 independently performed experiments revealed a highly significant correlation (P < 0.0001) between the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy and the severity of ocular autoimmunity. Administration of high doses of steroids locally mitigated ocular autoimmunity without impairing the antitumor effect. These findings have particular importance for immunotherapies directed against self-antigens and highlight the need for targeting unique tumor antigens not expressed in critical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Palmer
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Landen CN, Birrer MJ, Sood AK. Early Events in the Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:995-1005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.07.9970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinogenesis, as in most cancers, involves multiple genetic alterations. A great deal has been learned about proteins and pathways important in the early stages of malignant transformation and metastasis, as derived from studies of individual tumors, microarray data, animal models, and inherited disorders that confer susceptibility. However, a full understanding of the earliest recognizable events in epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis is limited by the lack of a well-defined premalignant state common to all ovarian subtypes and by the paucity of data from early-stage cancers. Evidence suggests that ovarian cancers can progress both through a stepwise mutation process (low-grade pathway) and through greater genetic instability that leads to rapid metastasis without an identifiable precursor lesion (high-grade pathway). In this review, we discuss many of the genetic and molecular disorders in each key process that is altered in cancer cells, and we present a model of ovarian pathogenesis that incorporates the role of tumor cell mutations and factors in the host microenvironment important to tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N. Landen
- From the Department of Gynecologic Oncology and the Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- From the Department of Gynecologic Oncology and the Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anil K. Sood
- From the Department of Gynecologic Oncology and the Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Kanodia S, Da Silva DM, Kast WM. Recent advances in strategies for immunotherapy of human papillomavirus-induced lesions. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:247-59. [PMID: 17973257 PMCID: PMC4943456 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesions are distinct in that they have targetable foreign antigens, the expression of which is necessary to maintain the cancerous phenotype. Hence, they pose as a very attractive target for "proof of concept" studies in the development of therapeutic vaccines. This review will focus on the most recent clinical trials for the immunotherapy of mucosal and cutaneous HPV-induced lesions as well as emerging therapeutic strategies that have been tested in preclinical models for HPV-induced lesions. Progress in peptide-based vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, viral/bacterial vector-based vaccines, immune response modifiers, photodynamic therapy and T cell receptor based therapy for HPV will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kanodia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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22
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Opportunities and challenges in ovarian cancer research, a perspective from the 11th Ovarian cancer action/HHMT Forum, Lake Como, March 2007. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 108:652-7. [PMID: 18096210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in surgery and chemotherapy have improved the 5-year survival for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, but have not impacted on the ultimate rate of cure in a disease that is diagnosed in late stage and that recurs in the majority of patients. "Omic" technologies promise to define genetically driven aberrant signaling pathways in malignant cells, provided that bioinformatic expertise can be focused on a cancer that is neither common nor rare. Molecular therapeutics must be linked to molecular diagnostics to permit individualized therapy. Not only epithelial cancer cells but also stroma, vasculature and the immune response must be targeted. Closer collaboration between academic institutions, biotech and pharma will be required to facilitate this process and to interest the private sector in an orphan disease. New preclinical models may permit more efficient development of drugs and siRNA that can target dormant drug resistant stem cells. Strategies must be developed to deal with the heterogeneity of different grades and histotypes. Identification of women at increased risk will facilitate prevention and early detection in subsets of patients. BRCA1/2 might be sequenced in all ovarian cancer patients to identify new kindreds. Epidemiologic algorithms are being developed and validated. Awareness must be raised that oral contraceptives can reduce risk of developing ovarian cancer by 50%. Early detection is likely to require panels of complementary biomarkers, analyzed by sophisticated statistical techniques, to improve sensitivity while maintaining extremely high specificity. As ovarian cancer becomes a chronic disease, greater emphasis will be placed on the challenges facing survivors.
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23
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Barber A, Zhang T, DeMars LR, Conejo-Garcia J, Roby KF, Sentman CL. Chimeric NKG2D Receptor–Bearing T Cells as Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5003-8. [PMID: 17510432 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in the treatment of ovarian cancer, this disease continues to be a leading cause of cancer death in women. Adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T cells is a promising antitumor therapy for many cancers. We designed a chimeric receptor linking NKG2D, a natural killer (NK) cell-activating receptor, to the CD3zeta chain of the T-cell receptor to target ovarian tumor cells. Engagement of chimeric NKG2D receptors (chNKG2D) with ligands for NKG2D, which are commonly expressed on tumor cells, leads to T-cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and tumor cytotoxicity. In this study, we show that >80% of primary human ovarian cancer samples expressed ligands for NKG2D on the cell surface. The tumor samples expressed MHC class I-related protein A, MICB, and UL-16 binding proteins 1 and 3. ChNKG2D-expressing T cells lysed ovarian cancer cell lines. We show that T cells from ovarian cancer patients that express chNKG2D secreted proinflammatory cytokines when cultured with autologous tumor cells. In addition, we show that chNKG2D T cells can be used therapeutically in a murine model of ovarian cancer. These data indicate that treatment with chNKG2D-expressing T cells is a potential immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amorette Barber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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24
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Hung CF, Tsai YC, He L, Wu TC. Control of mesothelin-expressing ovarian cancer using adoptive transfer of mesothelin peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Gene Ther 2007; 14:921-9. [PMID: 17377599 PMCID: PMC3183576 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy targeting mesothelin represents a potentially plausible approach for the control of ovarian cancer as most ovarian cancers express high levels of mesothelin. In the current study, we created a mesothelin-positive luciferase-expressing ovarian cancer model, MOSEC/luc. This luciferase-expressing tumor model allowed us to quantitate tumor distribution and tumor load in tumor-challenged mice using a non-invasive bioluminescence imaging system. In addition, we identified an H-2D(b)-restricted mesothelin peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope (amino acid (aa) 406-414) that was endogenously processed and presented by MOSEC/luc tumor cells. We showed that adoptive transfer of mesothelin peptide (aa406-414)-specific CD8(+) T cells led to the control of MOSEC/luc tumor cells. The MOSEC/luc tumor model and the newly identified H-2D(b)-restricted murine mesothelin-specific CTL epitope (aa406-414) will be very useful for the development of immunotherapy for ovarian cancer as well as for the development of quantitative CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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25
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Sterman DH, Gillespie CT, Carroll RG, Coughlin CM, Lord EM, Sun J, Haas A, Recio A, Kaiser LR, Coukos G, June CH, Albelda SM, Vonderheide RH. Interferon β adenoviral gene therapy in a patient with ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 3:633-9. [PMID: 17080181 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background A 47-year-old woman with a history of ovarian cancer and a 6-year disease-free remission presented with dyspnea and increased abdominal girth. The patient was found to have ascites and a large left pleural effusion, both of which contained malignant cells consistent with recurrent ovarian cancer. Her disease progressed despite treatment with chemotherapeutic and hormonal agents. She was then enrolled in a phase I clinical trial of adenoviral-mediated interferon beta gene therapy. Investigations Abdominal and chest CT scans, 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET scan, viral cultures, interferon cytokine analysis, immunophenotyping, and tumor cytotoxicity analyses. Diagnosis Stage IV ovarian cancer with malignant ascites and pleural effusion. Management Tunneled pleural catheter and intrapleural adenoviral-mediated interferon beta gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Sterman
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Neeson P, Paterson Y. Effects of the tumor microenvironment on the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Immunol Invest 2006; 35:359-94. [PMID: 16916758 DOI: 10.1080/08820130600755009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizes vaccines targeting tumor antigens or tumor endothelium to prevent or regress tumors. Many cancer vaccines are designed to induce antigen-specific effector T cells that migrate to the tumor site. In an optimal situation, the effector T cells penetrate the tumor, release their effector molecules, induce tumor cell death and tumor regression. However, the tumor microenvironment is frequently immunosuppressive and contributes to a state of immune ignorance, impacting on the vaccine's ability to break tolerance to tumor antigen/s. This review discusses the factors in the tumor microenvironment that can affect the efficacy of cancer vaccines. In particular, the review focuses on pathways leading to effector T cell penetration of tumors or the inhibition of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Neeson
- Microbiology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6076, USA
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27
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Norell H, Carlsten M, Ohlum T, Malmberg KJ, Masucci G, Schedvins K, Altermann W, Handke D, Atkins D, Seliger B, Kiessling R. Frequent Loss of HLA-A2 Expression in Metastasizing Ovarian Carcinomas Associated with Genomic Haplotype Loss and HLA-A2-Restricted HER-2/neu-Specific Immunity. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6387-94. [PMID: 16778217 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Defective expression of HLA class I molecules is common in tumor cells and may allow escape from CTL-mediated immunity. We here investigate alterations in expression of HLA class I and their underlying molecular mechanisms in ovarian cancer patients. The HLA class I and HLA-A2 expression levels on noncultured tumor cells of 12 patients diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma were investigated by flow cytometry. Molecular analyses of antigen-processing machinery (APM) components were done in metastatic cancer cells, and the HLA genotype was determined in both these and the primary tumor. HER-2/neu-specific immunity was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot assays. The metastatic tumor cells from all patients expressed low levels of HLA class I surface antigens. In six of nine HLA-A2+ patients, HLA-A2 expression was heterogeneous with a subpopulation of tumor cells exhibiting decreased or absent HLA-A2 expression. One patient-derived tumor cell line completely lacked HLA-A2 but exhibited constitutive expression of APM components and high HLA class I expression that was further inducible by IFN-gamma treatment. Genotyping showed a haplotype loss in the metastatic tumor cells, whereas tumor tissue microdissected from the primary tumor exhibited an intact HLA gene complex. Interestingly, HLA-A2-restricted HER-2/neu-specific T-cell responses were evident among the lymphocytes of this patient. Abnormalities in HLA class I antigen expression are common features during the progression of ovarian cancer, and haplotype loss was, for the first time, described as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Norell
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
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