1
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Çakan E, Lara OD, Szymanowska A, Bayraktar E, Chavez-Reyes A, Lopez-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodriguez-Aguayo C. Therapeutic Antisense Oligonucleotides in Oncology: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2940. [PMID: 39272802 PMCID: PMC11394571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in our comprehension of tumor biology and chemoresistance have spurred the development of treatments that precisely target specific molecules within the body. Despite the expanding landscape of therapeutic options, there persists a demand for innovative approaches to address unmet clinical needs. RNA therapeutics have emerged as a promising frontier in this realm, offering novel avenues for intervention such as RNA interference and the utilization of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). ASOs represent a versatile class of therapeutics capable of selectively targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and silencing disease-associated proteins, thereby disrupting pathogenic processes at the molecular level. Recent advancements in chemical modification and carrier molecule design have significantly enhanced the stability, biodistribution, and intracellular uptake of ASOs, thereby bolstering their therapeutic potential. While ASO therapy holds promise across various disease domains, including oncology, coronary angioplasty, neurological disorders, viral, and parasitic diseases, our review manuscript focuses specifically on the application of ASOs in targeted cancer therapies. Through a comprehensive examination of the latest research findings and clinical developments, we delve into the intricacies of ASO-based approaches to cancer treatment, shedding light on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çakan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Olivia D Lara
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | | | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Gupta N, Somayajulu M, Gurdziel K, LoGrasso G, Aziz H, Rosati R, McClellan S, Pitchaikannu A, Santra M, Shukkur MFA, Stemmer P, Hazlett LD, Xu S. The miR-183/96/182 cluster regulates sensory innervation, resident myeloid cells and functions of the cornea through cell type-specific target genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7676. [PMID: 38561433 PMCID: PMC10985120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The conserved miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183C) is expressed in both corneal resident myeloid cells (CRMCs) and sensory nerves (CSN) and modulates corneal immune/inflammatory responses. To uncover cell type-specific roles of miR-183C in CRMC and CSN and their contributions to corneal physiology, myeloid-specific miR-183C conditional knockout (MS-CKO), and sensory nerve-specific CKO (SNS-CKO) mice were produced and characterized in comparison to the conventional miR-183C KO. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of flatmount corneas, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume assays were performed in young adult naïve mice; 3' RNA sequencing (Seq) and proteomics in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), cornea and CRMCs. Our results showed that, similar to conventional KO mice, the numbers of CRMCs were increased in both MS-CKO and SNS-CKO vs age- and sex-matched WT control littermates, suggesting intrinsic and extrinsic regulations of miR-183C on CRMCs. The number of CRMCs was increased in male vs female MS-CKO mice, suggesting sex-dependent regulation of miR-183C on CRMCs. In the miR-183C KO and SNS-CKO, but not the MS-CKO mice, CSN density was decreased in the epithelial layer of the cornea, but not the stromal layer. Functionally, corneal sensitivity and basal tear volume were reduced in the KO and SNS-CKO, but not the MS-CKO mice. Tear volume in males is consistently higher than female WT mice. Bioinformatic analyses of the transcriptomes revealed a series of cell-type specific target genes of miR-183C in TG sensory neurons and CRMCs. Our data elucidate that miR-183C imposes intrinsic and extrinsic regulation on the establishment and function of CSN and CRMCs by cell-specific target genes. miR-183C modulates corneal sensitivity and tear production through its regulation of corneal sensory innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mallika Somayajulu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | - Giovanni LoGrasso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Haidy Aziz
- School of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rita Rosati
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sharon McClellan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ahalya Pitchaikannu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Manoranjan Santra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Muhammed Farooq Abdul Shukkur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Paul Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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3
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Kotammagari TK, Saleh LY, Lönnberg T. Organometallic modification confers oligonucleotides new functionalities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3118-3128. [PMID: 38385213 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00305e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To improve their properties or to introduce entirely new functionalities, the intriguing scaffolds of nucleic acids have been decorated with various modifications, most recently also organometallic ones. While challenging to introduce, organometallic modifications offer the potential of expanding the field of application of metal-dependent functionalities to metal-deficient conditions, notably those of biological media. So far, organometallic moieties have been utilized as probes, labels and catalysts. This Feature Article summarizes recent efforts and predicts likely future developments in each of these lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharun K Kotammagari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Lange Yakubu Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Lönnberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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4
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Yan J, Zhang H, Li G, Su J, Wei Y, Xu C. Lipid nanovehicles overcome barriers to systemic RNA delivery: Lipid components, fabrication methods, and rational design. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:579-601. [PMID: 38322344 PMCID: PMC10840434 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanovehicles are currently the most advanced vehicles used for RNA delivery, as demonstrated by the approval of patisiran for amyloidosis therapy in 2018. To illuminate the unique superiority of lipid nanovehicles in RNA delivery, in this review, we first introduce various RNA therapeutics, describe systemic delivery barriers, and explain the lipid components and methods used for lipid nanovehicle preparation. Then, we emphasize crucial advances in lipid nanovehicle design for overcoming barriers to systemic RNA delivery. Finally, the current status and challenges of lipid nanovehicle-based RNA therapeutics in clinical applications are also discussed. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive overview showing how to utilize lipid nanovehicles to overcome multiple barriers to systemic RNA delivery, inspiring the development of more high-performance RNA lipid nanovesicles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
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5
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Bink DI, Pauli J, Maegdefessel L, Boon RA. Endothelial microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular ageing. Atherosclerosis 2023; 374:99-106. [PMID: 37059656 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and numerous other cardiovascular diseases develop in an age-dependent manner. The endothelial cells that line the vessel walls play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Non-coding RNA like microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are known to play an important role in endothelial function and are implicated in the disease progression. Here, we summarize several microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that are known to have an altered expression with endothelial aging and discuss their role in endothelial cell function and senescence. These processes contribute to aging-induced atherosclerosis development and by targeting the non-coding RNAs controlling endothelial cell function and senescence, atherosclerosis can potentially be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diewertje I Bink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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6
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Kannampuzha S, Ravichandran M, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Renu K, Vellingiri B, Iyer M, Dey A, George A, Gopalakrishnan AV. The mechanism of action of non-coding RNAs in placental disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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7
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Jayawardena E, Medzikovic L, Ruffenach G, Eghbali M. Role of miRNA-1 and miRNA-21 in Acute Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Their Potential as Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031512. [PMID: 35163436 PMCID: PMC8836257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries, resulting in cardiomyocytes death. The most effective strategy for treating an MI is early and rapid myocardial reperfusion, but restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium can induce further damage, known as ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Novel therapeutic strategies are critical to limit myocardial IR injury and improve patient outcomes following reperfusion intervention. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been implicated in attenuating IR injury pathology in pre-clinical rodent models. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-1 and miR-21 in regulating myocardial apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the whole heart as well as in different cardiac cell types with special emphasis on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. We also examine therapeutic potential of miR-1 and miR-21 in preclinical studies. More research is necessary to understand the cell-specific molecular principles of miRNAs in cardioprotection and application to acute myocardial IR injury.
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8
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The Role of Androgen Receptor and microRNA Interactions in Androgen-Dependent Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031553. [PMID: 35163477 PMCID: PMC8835816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor family of nuclear transcription factors. It is present in the primary/secondary sexual organs, kidneys, skeletal muscles, adrenal glands, skin, nervous system, and breast. Abnormal AR functioning has been identified in numerous diseases, specifically in prostate cancer (PCa). Interestingly, recent studies have indicated a relationship between the AR and microRNA (miRNA) crosstalk and cancer progression. MiRNAs are small, endogenous, non-coding molecules that are involved in crucial cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, or differentiation. On the one hand, AR may be responsible for the downregulation or upregulation of specific miRNA, while on the other hand, AR is often a target of miRNAs due to their regulatory function on AR gene expression. A deeper understanding of the AR–miRNA interactions may contribute to the development of better diagnostic tools as well as to providing new therapeutic approaches. While most studies usually focus on the role of miRNAs and AR in PCa, in this review, we go beyond PCa and provide insight into the most recent discoveries about the interplay between AR and miRNAs, as well as about other AR-associated and AR-independent diseases.
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9
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Sadashiv, Sharma P, Dwivedi S, Tiwari S, Singh PK, Pal A, Kumar S. Micro (mi) RNA and Diabetic Retinopathy. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:267-274. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-01018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considerably small yet highly important riboregulators involved in nearly all cellular processes. Due to their critical roles in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, they have the potential to be used as biomarkers in addition to their use as drug targets. Although computational approaches speed up the initial genomewide identification of putative miRNAs, experimental approaches are essential for further validation and functional analyses of differentially expressed miRNAs. Therefore, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective microRNA detection methods are imperative for both individual and multiplex analysis of miRNA expression in different tissues and during different developmental stages. There are a number of well-established miRNA detection methods that can be exploited depending on the comprehensiveness of the study (individual miRNA versus multiplex analysis), the availability of the sample and the location and intracellular concentration of miRNAs. This review aims to highlight not only traditional but also novel strategies that are widely used in experimental identification and quantification of microRNAs.
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11
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Momen-Heravi F, Catalano D, Talis A, Szabo G, Bala S. Protective effect of LNA-anti-miR-132 therapy on liver fibrosis in mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:155-167. [PMID: 34458001 PMCID: PMC8368790 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are small regulatory RNAs that are frequently deregulated in liver disease. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive scarring caused by chronic inflammatory processes. In this study, we determined the functional role of miR-132 using a locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR approach in liver fibrosis. A significant induction in miR-132 levels was found in mice treated with CCl4 and in patients with fibrosis/cirrhosis. Inhibition of miR-132 in mice with LNA-anti-miR-132 caused decreases in CCl4-induced fibrogenesis and inflammatory phenotype. An attenuation in collagen fibers, α SMA, MCP1, IL-1β, and Cox2 was found in LNA-anti-miR-132-treated mice. CCl4 treatment increased caspase 3 activity and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in control but not in anti-miR-132-treated mice. Inhibition of miR-132 was associated with augmentation of MMP12 in the liver and Kupffer cells. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest miR-132 targets SIRT1 and inflammatory genes. Using tumor cancer genome atlas data, an increase in miR-132 was found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increased miR-132 levels were associated with fibrogenic genes, higher tumor grade and stage, and unfavorable survival in HCC patients. Therapeutic inhibition of miR-132 might be a new approach to alleviate liver fibrosis, and treatment efficacy can be monitored by observing EV shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Austin Talis
- Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shashi Bala
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,KASA BIO, 10405 Old Alabama Road Connector, Suite 201, Alpharetta, GA 30022, USA
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12
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Bai Y, Su X, Piao L, Jin Z, Jin R. Involvement of Astrocytes and microRNA Dysregulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potential. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:556215. [PMID: 33815055 PMCID: PMC8010124 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.556215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most widely distributed and abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a class of diseases with a slow onset, progressive progression, and poor prognosis. Common clinical NDDs include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Although these diseases have different etiologies, they are all associated with neuronal loss and pathological dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and toxic metabolites that are produced and released by activated astrocytes affect and regulate the function of neurons at the receptor, ion channel, antigen transfer, and gene transcription levels in the pathogenesis of NDDs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that play a wide range of biological roles by regulating the transcription and post-transcriptional translation of target mRNAs to induce target gene expression and silencing. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of NDDs by regulating astrocyte function through different mechanisms and may be potential targets for the treatment of NDDs. Here, we review studies of the role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of NDDs and discuss possible mechanisms of miRNAs in the regulation of astrocyte function, suggesting that miRNAs may be targeted as a novel approach for the treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rihua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Computational Resources for Prediction and Analysis of Functional miRNA and Their Targetome. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1912:215-250. [PMID: 30635896 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8982-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved, endogenously produced, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) of approximately 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length known to exhibit gene silencing of complementary target sequence. Their deregulated expression is reported in various disease conditions and thus has therapeutic implications. In the last decade, various computational resources are published in this field. In this chapter, we have reviewed bioinformatics resources, i.e., miRNA-centered databases, algorithms, and tools to predict miRNA targets. First section has enlisted more than 75 databases, which mainly covers information regarding miRNA registries, targets, disease associations, differential expression, interactions with other noncoding RNAs, and all-in-one resources. In the algorithms section, we have compiled about 140 algorithms from eight subcategories, viz. for the prediction of precursor (pre-) and mature miRNAs. These algorithms are developed on various sequence, structure, and thermodynamic based features incorporated into different machine learning techniques (MLTs). In addition, computational identification of miRNAs from high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) data and their variants, viz. isomiRs, differential expression, miR-SNPs, and functional annotation, are discussed. Prediction and analysis of miRNAs and their associated targets are also evaluated under miR-targets section providing knowledge regarding novel miRNA targets and complex host-pathogen interactions. In conclusion, we have provided comprehensive review of in silico resources published in miRNA research to help scientific community be updated and choose the appropriate tool according to their needs.
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14
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Weng Y, Xiao H, Zhang J, Liang XJ, Huang Y. RNAi therapeutic and its innovative biotechnological evolution. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:801-825. [PMID: 31034960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Commission (EC) approved Alnylam Pharmaceuticals' RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic, ONPATTRO™ (Patisiran), for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. This is the first RNAi therapeutic all over the world, as well as the first FDA-approved treatment for this indication. As a milestone event in RNAi pharmaceutical industry, it means, for the first time, people have broken through all development processes for RNAi drugs from research to clinic. With this achievement, RNAi approval may soar in the coming years. In this paper, we introduce the basic information of ONPATTRO and the properties of RNAi and nucleic acid therapeutics, update the clinical and preclinical development activities, review its complicated development history, summarize the key technologies of RNAi at early stage, and discuss the latest advances in delivery and modification technologies. It provides a comprehensive view and biotechnological insights of RNAi therapy for the broader audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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15
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Yang Q, Gu WW, Gu Y, Yan NN, Mao YY, Zhen XX, Wang JM, Yang J, Shi HJ, Zhang X, Wang J. Association of the peripheral blood levels of circulating microRNAs with both recurrent miscarriage and the outcomes of embryo transfer in an in vitro fertilization process. J Transl Med 2018; 16:186. [PMID: 29973278 PMCID: PMC6032771 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation failure is not only a major cause of early pregnancy loss, but it is also an obstacle to assisted reproductive technologies. The identification of potential circulating biomarkers for recurrent miscarriage (RM) and/or recurrent implantation failure would contribute to the development of novel diagnosis and prediction techniques. METHODS MiR (miR-23a-3p, 27a-3p, 29a-3p, 100-5p, 127-3p and 486-5p) expression in the villi, decidual tissues and peripheral blood plasma and serum were validated by qPCR, and the localization of miRs in the villi and decidual tissues of RM and normal pregnancy (NP) women were detected by in situ hybridization. The invasiveness of HTR8/SVneo cells was determined using a Transwell assay. The predictive values of miRs for RM and the outcome of IVF-ET were respectively calculated by the receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS The signals of six miRs were observed in the villi and decidual tissues of RM and NP women. The villus miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p and miR-100-5p were significantly up-regulated, whereas miR-127-3p and miR-486-5p appeared to be down-regulated in RM women compared to NP women. The invasiveness of HTR8/SVneo cells transfected with miR-23a-3p mimics was evidently weakened, whereas that of cells transfected with miR-127-3p mimics was obviously enhanced. The peripheral blood plasma levels of miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-100-5p and miR-127-3p were significantly increased, whereas that of miR-486-5p was remarkably decreased in RM compared to NP women. By contrast, serum miR-23a-3p and miR-127-3p were significantly decreased, whereas that of miR-486-5p was remarkably increased. The combination of six plasma miRs levels discriminated RM with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83.3%, whereas that of six serum miRs levels showed a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 93.1%. In the IVF-ET cohort, the significantly decreased peripheral blood plasma levels of miR-23a-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-100-5p and miR-127-3p, and the serum levels of miR-100-5p and miR-486-5p, in addition to the significantly increased serum level of miR-27a-3p, were found to be associated with the failure of ET. Moreover, the combination of plasma miR-23a-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-127-3p and miR-486-5p levels discriminated the outcome of IVF-ET with a sensitivity of 68.1% and a specificity of 54.1%, whereas the combination of plasma miR-127-3p and miR-486-5p levels showed a sensitivity of 50.0% and a specificity of 75.3%. CONCLUSIONS Circulating miR-23a-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-127-3p and miR-486-5 might be involved in RM pathogenesis and present potential diagnostic biomarkers for RM. Meanwhile, these miRs, in particular miR-127-3p and miR-486-5p, provide promising prediction indexes for the outcomes of IVF-ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NHFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NHFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na-Na Yan
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NHFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NHFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Mei Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NHFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NHFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NHFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kent OA, Steenbergen C, Das S. In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29985373 DOI: 10.3791/57845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is small non-coding RNA which inhibits post-transcriptional messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Human diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, have been shown to activate tissue and/or cell-specific miRNA expression associated with disease progression. The inhibition of miRNA expression offers the potential for a therapeutic intervention. However, traditional approaches to inhibit miRNAs, employing antagomir oligonucleotides, affect specific miRNA functions upon global delivery. Herein, we present a protocol for the in vivo cardio-specific inhibition of the miR-181 family in a rat model. A miRNA-sponge construct is designed to include 10 repeated anti-miR-181 binding sequences. The cardio-specific α-MHC promoter is cloned into the pEGFP backbone to drive the cardio-specific miR-181 miRNA-sponge expression. To create a stable cell line expressing the miR-181-sponge, myoblast H9c2 cells are transfected with the α-MHC-EGFP-miR-181-sponge construct and sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACs) into GFP positive H9c2 cells which are cultured with neomycin (G418). Following stable growth in neomycin, monoclonal cell populations are established by additional FACs and single cell cloning. The resulting myoblast H9c2-miR-181-sponge-GFP cells exhibit a loss of function of miR-181 family members as assessed through the increased expression of miR-181 target proteins and compared to H9c2 cells expressing a scramble non-functional sponge. In addition, we develop a nanovector for the systemic delivery of the miR-181-sponge construct by complexing positively charged liposomal nanoparticles and negatively charged miR-181-sponge plasmids. In vivo imaging of GFP reveals that multiple tail vein injections of a nanovector over a three-week period are able to promote a significant expression of the miR-181-sponge in a cardio-specific manner. Importantly, a loss of miR-181 function is observed in the heart tissue but not in the kidney or the liver. The miRNA-sponge is a powerful method to inhibit tissue-specific miRNA expression. Driving the miRNA-sponge expression from a tissue-specific promoter provides specificity for the miRNA inhibition, which can be confined to a targeted organ or tissue. Furthermore, combining nanovector and miRNA-sponge technologies permits an effective delivery and tissue-specific miRNA inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Kent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto
| | | | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University;
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17
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Liu Z, Zhan W, Zeng M, Chen J, Zou H, Min Z. Enhanced functional properties of human limbal stem cells by inhibition of the miR-31/FIH-1/P21 axis. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28650568 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On the basis of the functional roles of the embryonic stem cell niche (ESCN) in the human limbal stem cells (LSCs), we proposed to explore the potential roles of microRNAs in regulating the self-renewal and differentiation of LSCs cultured in the ESCN. METHODS The LSCs were cultured in different media, either in CnT-20 media or in CnT-20 + 20% ES culture supernatant (ESC-CM). The LSCs cultured in ESC-CM were then transfected with microRNA-31 (miR-31) mimic or antago-31. The colony-forming efficiency (CFE) was analysed. Cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial potential and reactive oxygen species were analysed by flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of FIH-1, P21, P63, ABCG2, CK3, microRNA-31, microRNA-143, microRNA-145 and microRNA-184. Indirect immunostaining was employed to detect the expression of P63, ABCG2, survivin, connexin-43 and CK3. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of FIH-1, P63, P21, CK3, caspase 3, Tcf4, β-catenin, survivin, GSK3β and pGSK3β. RESULTS Compared with cells grown in CnT-20, the level of miR-31 in cells grown in ESC-CM was lower. We investigated the roles that miR-31 and FIH-1 play in regulating the functional properties of LSCs. We used antagomirs (antago) to reduce the level of miR-31 in LSCs. Antago-31 increased FIH-1 levels and significantly reduced P21 expressional level in LSCs compared to irrelevant-antago (Ir-antago) treatment. The downregulation of miR-31 in LSCs promotes the maintenance of stemness. CONCLUSION ES culture supernatant (ESC-CM) regulates the fate of LSCs in part by inhibiting the miR-31/FIH-1/P21 axis. This study may have a high impact on the expansion of LSCs in regenerative medicine, especially for ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liu
- The Department of Ophthalmology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Weijiao Zhan
- The Department of Ophthalmology; Linyi People's Hospital; Linyi Shandong China
| | - Minzhi Zeng
- The Department of Ophthalmology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- The Department of Hematology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Huyong Zou
- The Department of Ophthalmology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhiqun Min
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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18
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Luu HN, Lin HY, Sørensen KD, Ogunwobi OO, Kumar N, Chornokur G, Phelan C, Jones D, Kidd L, Batra J, Yamoah K, Berglund A, Rounbehler RJ, Yang M, Lee SH, Kang N, Kim SJ, Park JY, Di Pietro G. miRNAs associated with prostate cancer risk and progression. BMC Urol 2017; 17:18. [PMID: 28320379 PMCID: PMC5359825 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men in the US. Though considerable improvement in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been achieved in the past decade, predicting disease outcome remains a major clinical challenge. Recent expression profiling studies in prostate cancer suggest microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer risk and disease progression. miRNAs comprise a large family of about 22-nucleotide-long non-protein coding RNAs, regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and participate in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the current status of miRNA in studies evaluating the disease progression of prostate cancer. The discussion highlights key findings from previous studies, which reported the role of miRNAs in risk and progression of prostate cancer, providing an understanding of the influence of miRNA on prostate cancer. Our review indicates that somewhat consistent results exist between these studies and reports on several prostate cancer related miRNAs. Present promising candidates are miR-1, −21, 106b, 141, −145, −205, −221, and −375, which are the most frequently studied and seem to be the most promising for diagnosis and prognosis for prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the findings from previous studies suggest miRNAs may play an important role in the risk and progression of prostate cancer as promising biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung N Luu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nagi Kumar
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ganna Chornokur
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Catherine Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Dominique Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - LaCreis Kidd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-QLD, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Robert J Rounbehler
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mihi Yang
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyoung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Haak Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyeon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Giuliano Di Pietro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Rodovia Marechal Rodon, Jardim Rosa Elze, Sao Cristóvão, Brazil
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Vienberg S, Geiger J, Madsen S, Dalgaard LT. MicroRNAs in metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:346-361. [PMID: 27009502 PMCID: PMC5297868 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have within the past decade emerged as key regulators of metabolic homoeostasis. Major tissues in intermediary metabolism important during development of the metabolic syndrome, such as β-cells, liver, skeletal and heart muscle as well as adipose tissue, have all been shown to be affected by miRNAs. In the pancreatic β-cell, a number of miRNAs are important in maintaining the balance between differentiation and proliferation (miR-200 and miR-29 families) and insulin exocytosis in the differentiated state is controlled by miR-7, miR-375 and miR-335. MiR-33a and MiR-33b play crucial roles in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, whereas miR-103 and miR-107 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity. In muscle tissue, a defined number of miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133, miR-206) control myofibre type switch and induce myogenic differentiation programmes. Similarly, in adipose tissue, a defined number of miRNAs control white to brown adipocyte conversion or differentiation (miR-365, miR-133, miR-455). The discovery of circulating miRNAs in exosomes emphasizes their importance as both endocrine signalling molecules and potentially disease markers. Their dysregulation in metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis stresses their potential as therapeutic targets. This review emphasizes current ideas and controversies within miRNA research in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vienberg
- Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - J. Geiger
- Department of Science and EnvironmentRoskilde UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - S. Madsen
- Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - L. T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and EnvironmentRoskilde UniversityRoskildeDenmark
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20
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Ma X, Tang Z, Qin J, Meng Y. The use of high-throughput sequencing methods for plant microRNA research. RNA Biol 2016; 12:709-19. [PMID: 26016494 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1053686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) acts as a critical regulator of gene expression at post-transcriptional and occasionally transcriptional levels in plants. Identification of reliable miRNA genes, monitoring the procedures of transcription, processing and maturation of the miRNAs, quantification of the accumulation levels of the miRNAs in specific biological samples, and validation of miRNA-target interactions become the basis for thoroughly understanding of the miRNA-mediated regulatory networks and the underlying mechanisms. Great progresses have been achieved for sequencing technology. Based on the high degree of sequencing depth and coverage, the high-throughput sequencing (HTS, also called next-generation sequencing) technology provides unprecedentedly efficient way for genome-wide or transcriptome-wide studies. In this review, we will introduce several HTS platform-based methods useful for plant miRNA research, including RNA-seq (RNA sequencing), RNA-PET-seq (paired end tag sequencing of RNAs), sRNA-seq (small RNA sequencing), dsRNA-seq (double-stranded RNA sequencing), ssRNA-seq (single-stranded RNA sequencing) and degradome-seq (degradome sequencing). In particular, we will provide some special cases to illustrate the novel use of HTS methods for investigation of the processing modes of the miRNA precursors, identification of the RNA editing sites on miRNA precursors, mature miRNAs and target transcripts, re-examination of the current miRNA registries, and discovery of novel miRNA species and novel miRNA-target interactions. Summarily, we opinioned that integrative use of the above mentioned HTS methods could make the studies on miRNAs more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ma
- a College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University ; Hangzhou , PR China
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21
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A new plasmid-based microRNA inhibitor system that inhibits microRNA families in transgenic mice and cells: a potential new therapeutic reagent. Gene Ther 2016; 23:527-42. [PMID: 26934100 PMCID: PMC4891277 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current tools for the inhibition of microRNA (miR) function are limited to modified antisense oligonucleotides, sponges and decoy RNA molecules and none have been used to understand miR function during development. CRISPR/Cas-mediated deletion of miR sequences within the genome requires multiple chromosomal deletions to remove all functional miR family members because of duplications. Here, we report a novel plasmid-based miR inhibitor system (PMIS) that expresses a new RNA molecule, which inhibits miR family members in cells and mice. The PMIS engineered RNA optimal secondary structure, flanking sequences and specific antisense miR oligonucleotide sequence bind the miR in a stable complex to inhibit miR activity. In cells, one PMIS can effectively inhibit miR family members that share the same seed sequence. The PMIS shows no off-target effects or toxicity and is highly specific for miRs sharing identical seed sequences. Transgenic mice expressing both PMIS-miR-17-18 and PMIS-miR-19-92 show similar phenotypes of miR-17-92-knockout mice. Interestingly, mice only expressing PMIS-miR-17-18 have developmental defects distinct from mice only expressing PMIS-miR-19-92 demonstrating usefulness of the PMIS system to dissect different functions of miRs within clusters. Different PMIS miR inhibitors can be linked together to knock down multiple miRs expressed from different chromosomes. Inhibition of the miR-17-92, miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25 clusters reveals new mechanisms and developmental defects for these miRs. We report a new tool to dissect the role of miRs in development without genome editing, inhibit miR function in cells and as a potential new therapeutic reagent.
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22
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Macrophage miRNAs in atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:2087-2093. [PMID: 26899196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) in the early 1990s has been followed by the identification of hundreds of miRNAs and their roles in regulating various biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis and viral infection Esteller (2011), Ameres and Zamore (2013) [1,2]. miRNAs are small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that function as "rheostats" to simultaneously tweak the expression of multiple genes within a genetic network, resulting in dramatic functional modulation of biological processes. Although the last decade has brought the identification of miRNAs, their targets and function(s) in health and disease, there remains much to be deciphered from the human genome and its complexities in mechanistic regulation of entire genetic networks. These discoveries have opened the door to new and exciting avenues for therapeutic interventions to treat various pathological diseases, including cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity. In a complex multi-factorial disease like atherosclerosis, many miRNAs have been shown to contribute to disease progression and may offer novel targets for future therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernández-Hernando and Yajaira Suárez.
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23
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Kang L, Xu XJ, Ma C, Wang RF, Yan P, Zhang CL, Sun HW, Li D. Optimized preparation of a (99m)Tc-radiolabeled probe for tracing microRNA. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:905-12. [PMID: 25315639 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides have been used for a variety of purposes in microRNA (miRNA) research including functional evaluation, target recognition, and gene studies. Although several (99m)Tc-radiolabeled oligonucleotides have been reported in antisense imaging, none of those were related to miRNA tracing. Moreover, separation after labeling was always required to achieve acceptable radiochemical purity. In this study, we prepared a (99m)Tc-radiolabeled oligonucleotide under optimized conditions for the purpose of tracing miRNA. A 22mer anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO) was designed completely complementary to the sequence of mature miR-21. AMO probe modified with 2'-O-Methyl and phosphorothioate backbone was designed and synthesized. This probe was conjugated with a bifunctional chelator S-acetylmercaptoacetyltriglycine (NHS-MAG3) via a primary amine on 5'-end. Furthermore, it was radiolabeled and its optimization labeling conditions were performed by varying the amount of stannous ion, (99m)Tc-pertecnetate, and reaction time, respectively. Finally, the labeled product was identified by gel electrophoresis and evaluated for its serum stability. The AMO was synthesized with partial 2'-OMe and phosphorothioate modification to improve its stability. Excess of MAG3 impurity was removed by precipitation of tin and MAG3 after the conjugation. The labeling efficiency reached 97 % under the optimal reaction conditions of 2 μg/μL SnCl2·2H2O addition, (99m)Tc solution with high specific activity, and 90-min reaction at room temperature. Gel electrophoresis confirmed that the peak of radioactivity located the same position of oligomer, which identified the successful radiolabeling. After incubated with human fresh serum for 12 h, labeled AMO showed good stability with high radiochemical purity and no significant degradation. A (99m)Tc-labeled AMO targeting miR-21 can be prepared with high labeling efficiency under optimized conditions, which provides a good support for the future use of miRNA-targeted tracing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 St. Xishiku, Beijing, 100034, China
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24
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in diverse biological processes and are frequently dysregulated in human diseases. Thus, miRNAs have emerged as a class of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the current strategies for therapeutic modulation of miRNAs and provide an update on the development of miRNA-based therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sakari Kauppinen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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25
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Santulli G. microRNAs Distinctively Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells: Functional Implications in Angiogenesis, Atherosclerosis, and In-Stent Restenosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 887:53-77. [PMID: 26662986 PMCID: PMC4871245 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are the main cell types within the vasculature. We describe here how microRNAs (miRs)--noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression via translational repression and/or post-transcriptional degradation--distinctively modulate EC and VSMC function in physiology and disease. In particular, the specific roles of miR-126 and miR-143/145, master regulators of EC and VSMC function, respectively, are deeply explored. We also describe the mechanistic role of miRs in the regulation of the pathophysiology of key cardiovascular processes including angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and in-stent restenosis post-angioplasty. Drawbacks of currently available therapeutic options are discussed, pointing at the challenges and potential clinical opportunities provided by miR-based treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/genetics
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Stents/adverse effects
- Vascular Remodeling
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Clinical implications of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:16-33. [PMID: 25453266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress being made in understanding pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis, it still remains the 10th most often diagnosed malignancy in the world and 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a five year survival rate of only 6%. The aggressive nature, lack of early diagnostic and prognostic markers, late clinical presentation, and limited efficacy of existing treatment regimens make PC a lethal cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel reliable biomarkers and molecular targets are urgently needed to combat this deadly disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules implicated in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level and play significant roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several cancers including PC and is implicated in PC pathogenesis and progression, suggesting their utility in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of several miRNAs that regulate various oncogenes (KRAS) and tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16, SMAD4, etc.) involved in PC development, their prospective roles as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as a therapeutic targets.
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Moccia M, Adamo MFA, Saviano M. Insights on chiral, backbone modified peptide nucleic acids: Properties and biological activity. ARTIFICIAL DNA, PNA & XNA 2014; 5:e1107176. [PMID: 26752710 PMCID: PMC5329900 DOI: 10.1080/1949095x.2015.1107176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PNAs are emerging as useful synthetic devices targeting natural miRNAs. In particular 3 classes of structurally modified PNAs analogs are herein described, namely α, β and γ, which differ by their backbone modification. Their mode and binding affinity for natural nucleic acids and their use in medicinal chemistry as potential miRNA binders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moccia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute of Cristallography; Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro F A Adamo
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB); Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michele Saviano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute of Cristallography; Bari, Italy
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Qureshi A, Thakur N, Monga I, Thakur A, Kumar M. VIRmiRNA: a comprehensive resource for experimentally validated viral miRNAs and their targets. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau103. [PMID: 25380780 PMCID: PMC4224276 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression of viral and/or host genes to benefit the virus. Hence, miRNAs play a key role in host–virus interactions and pathogenesis of viral diseases. Lately, miRNAs have also shown potential as important targets for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics. Although several miRNA and their target repositories are available for human and other organisms in literature, but a dedicated resource on viral miRNAs and their targets are lacking. Therefore, we have developed a comprehensive viral miRNA resource harboring information of 9133 entries in three subdatabases. This includes 1308 experimentally validated miRNA sequences with their isomiRs encoded by 44 viruses in viral miRNA ‘VIRmiRNA’ and 7283 of their target genes in ‘VIRmiRtar’. Additionally, there is information of 542 antiviral miRNAs encoded by the host against 24 viruses in antiviral miRNA ‘AVIRmir’. The web interface was developed using Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP (LAMP) software bundle. User-friendly browse, search, advanced search and useful analysis tools are also provided on the web interface. VIRmiRNA is the first specialized resource of experimentally proven virus-encoded miRNAs and their associated targets. This database would enhance the understanding of viral/host gene regulation and may also prove beneficial in the development of antiviral therapeutics. Database URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/servers/virmirna
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Qureshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Nishant Thakur
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Isha Monga
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Anamika Thakur
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Bellera N, Barba I, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Ferret E, Asín MA, Gonzalez-Alujas MT, Pérez-Rodon J, Esteves M, Fonseca C, Toran N, Garcia Del Blanco B, Pérez A, Garcia-Dorado D. Single intracoronary injection of encapsulated antagomir-92a promotes angiogenesis and prevents adverse infarct remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000946. [PMID: 25240056 PMCID: PMC4323815 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Small and large preclinical animal models have shown that antagomir‐92a‐based therapy reduces early postischemic loss of function, but its effect on postinfarction remodeling is not known. In addition, the reported remote miR‐92a inhibition in noncardiac organs prevents the translation of nonvectorized miR‐targeted therapy to the clinical setting. We investigated whether a single intracoronary administration of antagomir‐92a encapsulated in microspheres could prevent deleterious remodeling of myocardium 1 month after acute myocardial infarction AUTHOR: Should “acute” be added before “myocardial infarction” (since abbreviation is AMI)? Also check at first mention in main text (AMI) without adverse effects. Methods and Results In a percutaneous pig model of reperfused AMI, a single intracoronary administration of antagomir‐92a encapsulated in specific microspheres (9 μm poly‐d,‐lactide‐co‐glycolide [PLGA]) inhibited miR‐92a in a local, selective, and sustained manner (n=3 pigs euthanized 1, 3, and 10 days after treatment; 8×, 2×, and 5×‐fold inhibition at 1, 3, and 10 days). Downregulation of miR‐92a resulted in significant vessel growth (n=27 adult minipigs randomly allocated to blind receive encapsulated antagomir‐92a, encapsulated placebo, or saline [n=8, 9, 9]; P=0.001), reduced regional wall‐motion dysfunction (P=0.03), and prevented adverse remodeling in the infarct area 1 month after injury (P=0.03). Intracoronary injection of microspheres had no significant adverse effect in downstream myocardium in healthy pigs (n=2), and fluorescein isothiocyanate albumin‐PLGA microspheres were not found in myocardium outside the left anterior descending coronary artery territory (n=4) or in other organs (n=2). Conclusions Early single intracoronary administration of encapsulated antagomir‐92a in an adult pig model of reperfused AMI prevents left ventricular remodeling with no local or distant adverse effects, emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to translate to patients who suffer a large AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Bellera
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.) Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Ignasi Barba
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.)
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.)
| | - Eulalia Ferret
- I+D Pierre-Fabre Ibérica S.A., Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (E.F., M.A.A., A.)
| | - Miguel Angel Asín
- I+D Pierre-Fabre Ibérica S.A., Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (E.F., M.A.A., A.)
| | - M Teresa Gonzalez-Alujas
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Jordi Pérez-Rodon
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Marielle Esteves
- Department of Animal Housing, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.E., C.F.)
| | - Carla Fonseca
- Department of Animal Housing, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.E., C.F.)
| | - Nuria Toran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.T.)
| | - Bruno Garcia Del Blanco
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Amadeo Pérez
- I+D Pierre-Fabre Ibérica S.A., Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (E.F., M.A.A., A.)
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.) Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
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Kim KM, Lim SK. Role of miRNAs in bone and their potential as therapeutic targets. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 16:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Stenina-Adognravi O. Invoking the power of thrombospondins: regulation of thrombospondins expression. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:69-82. [PMID: 24582666 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests critical functions of thrombospondins (TSPs) in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. With the growing understanding of the importance of these matricellular proteins, the need to understand the mechanisms of regulation of their expression and potential approaches to modulate their levels is also increasing. The regulation of TSP expression is multi-leveled, cell- and tissue-specific, and very precise. However, the knowledge of mechanisms modulating the levels of TSPs is fragmented and incomplete. This review discusses the known mechanisms of regulation of TSP levels and the gaps in our knowledge that prevent us from developing strategies to modulate the expression of these physiologically important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave NB50, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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32
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Wu H, Kong L, Zhou S, Cui W, Xu F, Luo M, Li X, Tan Y, Miao L. The role of microRNAs in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:920134. [PMID: 25258717 PMCID: PMC4165734 DOI: 10.1155/2014/920134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as one of the chronic complications of diabetes, is the major cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. In recent years, research on microRNAs (miRNAs) has become a hotspot because of their critical role in regulating posttranscriptional levels of protein-coding genes that may serve as key pathogenic factors in diseases. Several miRNAs were found to participate in the pathogenesis of DN, while others showed renal protective effects. Therefore, targeting miRNAs that are involved in DN may have a good prospect in the treatment of the disease. The aim of this review is to summarize DN-related miRNAs and provide potential targets for diagnostic strategies and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications at Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiangqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications at Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- *Yi Tan: and
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- *Lining Miao:
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Kaeuferle T, Bartel S, Dehmel S, Krauss-Etschmann S. MicroRNA methodology: advances in miRNA technologies. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1169:121-30. [PMID: 24957235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0882-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an emerging trend in microRNA research and thus substantial progress in microRNA technologies. In this chapter we provide insights into the main microRNA specific methodologies and critical steps of microRNA expression profiling, target gene identification, and functional confirmation of microRNA effects up to in vivo application of antagomirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kaeuferle
- Dr. von Hauner'sche Kinderklinik, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337, Munich, Germany
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34
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Swaminathan G, Navas-Martín S, Martín-García J. MicroRNAs and HIV-1 infection: antiviral activities and beyond. J Mol Biol 2013; 426:1178-97. [PMID: 24370931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of small, non-coding RNAs that bind to host mRNAs based on sequence complementarity and regulate protein expression. They play important roles in controlling key cellular processes including cellular inception, differentiation and death. While several viruses have been shown to encode for viral miRNAs, controversy persists over the expression of a functional miRNA encoded in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome. However, it has been reported that HIV-1 infectivity is influenced by cellular miRNAs. Either through directly targeting the viral genome or by targeting host cellular proteins required for successful virus replication, multiple cellular miRNAs seem to modulate HIV-1 infection and replication. Perhaps as a survival strategy, HIV-1 may modulate proteins in the miRNA biogenesis pathway to subvert miRNA-induced antiviral effects. Global expression profiles of cellular miRNAs have also identified alterations of specific miRNAs post-HIV-1 infection both in vitro and in vivo (in various infected patient cohorts), suggesting potential roles for miRNAs in pathogenesis and disease progression. However, little attention has been devoted in understanding the roles played by these miRNAs at a cellular level. In this manuscript, we review past and current findings pertaining to the field of miRNA and HIV-1 interplay. In addition, we suggest strategies to exploit miRNAs therapeutically for curbing HIV-1 infectivity, replication and latency since they hold an untapped potential that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Swaminathan
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Sonia Navas-Martín
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Julio Martín-García
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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35
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Van Roosbroeck K, Pollet J, Calin GA. miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs as biomarkers in human diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 13:183-204. [PMID: 23477558 DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcripts that have no apparent protein-coding capacity; however, many ncRNAs have been found to play a major biological role in human physiology. Their deregulation is implicated in many human diseases, but their exact roles are only beginning to be elucidated. Nevertheless, ncRNAs are extensively studied as a novel source of biomarkers, and the fact that they can be detected in body fluids makes them extremely suitable for this purpose. The authors mainly focus on ncRNAs as biomarkers in cancer, but also touch on other human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders and infectious diseases. The authors discuss the established methods and provide a selection of emerging new techniques that can be used to detect and quantify ncRNAs. Finally, the authors discuss ncRNAs as a new strategy for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Roosbroeck
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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36
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Sablok G, Milev I, Minkov G, Minkov I, Varotto C, Yahubyan G, Baev V. isomiRex: web-based identification of microRNAs, isomiR variations and differential expression using next-generation sequencing datasets. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2629-34. [PMID: 23831580 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an open-access web platform isomiRex, to identify isomiRs and on the fly graphical visualization of the differentially expressed miRNAs in control as well as treated library. The open-access web-platform is not restricted only to NGS sequence dataset from animals and potentially analyzes a wider dataset for plants, animals and viral NGS dataset supporting miRBase (version 19 supporting 193 species). The platform can handle the bloated amount of the read counts and reports the annotated microRNAs from plant, animal and viral NGS datasets. isomiRex also provides an estimation of the the isomiRs, of miRNAs with higher copy number relative to their mature reference sequences indexed in miRBase (version 19 supporting 193 species). Visually enhanced graphs potentially display differentially expressed isomiRs, which will help the user to demonstrate and correlate the abundance of the isomiR as a signature event to the specific condition. An additional module for estimating the differential expression has been implemented allowing the users to postulate the differential expression across the user input samples. The developed web-platform can be accessed at http://bioinfo1.uni-plovdiv.bg/isomiRex/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sablok
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E Mach 1, 38010S Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
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37
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Griveau A, Bejaud J, Anthiya S, Avril S, Autret D, Garcion E. Silencing of miR-21 by locked nucleic acid-lipid nanocapsule complexes sensitize human glioblastoma cells to radiation-induced cell death. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:765-74. [PMID: 23732394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of microRNA (miRNA) as major post-transcriptional repressors prompt the interest of developing novel approaches to target miRNA pathways to improve therapy. In this context, although the most significant barrier to their widespread clinical use remains delivery, nuclease-resistant locked nucleic acid (LNA) that bind specifically and irreversibly to miRNA represent interesting weapons. Thus, by focusing on oncongenic miR-21 miRNA, which participate to cancer cell resistance to apoptotic signals, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of silencing miRNA by LNA conjugated to lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) as miRNA-targeted nanomedicines in U87MG glioblastoma (GBM) cells. After synthesis of an amphiphilic lipopeptide affine for nucleic acids, a post-insertion procedure during the LNC phase inversion formulation process allowed to construct peptide-conjugated LNCs. Peptide-conjugated LNCs were then incubated with LNAs to allow the formation of complexes characterized in gel retardation assays and by their physicochemical properties. U87MG cell treatment by LNA-LNC complexes resulted in a marked reduction of miR-21 expression as assessed by RTqPCR. In addition, exposure of U87MG cells to LNA-LNC complexes followed by external beam radiation demonstrated a significant improvement of cell sensitivity to treatment and emphasizes the interest to investigate further this miRNA-targeted strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Griveau
- Inserm U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France
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Zhang R, Wang D, Xia Z, Chen C, Cheng P, Xie H, Luo X. The role of microRNAs in adipocyte differentiation. Front Med 2013; 7:223-30. [PMID: 23606028 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a process known as adipogenesis. The programme of adipogenesis is regulated by the sequential activation of transcription factors and several signaling pathways. There is growing evidence indicating that a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNAs known as "microRNAs (miRNAs)" also are involved in this process. In this review, we summarize the biology and functional mechanisms of miRNAs in adipocyte differentiation. In addition, we further discuss the miRNAs profiling, the miRNAs function and miRNAs target prediction in the adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Chabot S, Pelofy S, Teissié J, Golzio M. Delivery of RNAi-Based Oligonucleotides by Electropermeabilization. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:510-21. [PMID: 24276121 PMCID: PMC3816695 DOI: 10.3390/ph6040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, understanding of RNA interference (RNAi) has been a growing field of interest. The potent gene silencing ability that small oligonucleotides have offers new perspectives for cancer therapeutics. One of the present limits is that many biological barriers exist for their efficient delivery into target cells or tissues. Electropermeabilization (EP) is one of the physical methods successfully used to transfer small oligonucleotides into cells or tissues. EP consists in the direct application of calibrated electric pulses to cells or tissues that transiently permeabilize the plasma membranes, allowing efficient in vitro and in vivo cytoplasmic delivery of exogenous molecules. The present review reports on the type of therapeutic RNAi-based oligonucleotides that can be electrotransferred, the mechanism(s) of their electrotransfer and the technical settings for pre-clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chabot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Sandrine Pelofy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Justin Teissié
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-561-175-811; Fax: +33-561-175-994
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Monroig PDC, Calin GA. MicroRNA and Epigenetics: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 1:43-52. [PMID: 23515489 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-013-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that control cellular and developmental processes by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNA). These small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in cancer, and are known to contribute to tumorigenesis and disease progression. Therapeutic strategies based on modulating miRNAs activity are emerging due to the ability of these ncRNAs to influence cellular behavior. MiRNA levels predict disease prognosis and overall patient survival, and reconstituting their basal levels has been proven to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Different delivery mechanisms have been tested in vivo, however many challenges need to be overcome before their utilization in the clinic. Moreover, it has been found that circulating miRNAs in body fluids have the potential to reshape cancer diagnosis and prognosis by functioning as biomarkers and indicators of progression and metastasis. These miRNAs as biofluids-based biomarkers provide an alternative strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Del C Monroig
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
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Bhattacharyya S, Sul K, Krukovets I, Nestor C, Li J, Adognravi OS. Novel tissue-specific mechanism of regulation of angiogenesis and cancer growth in response to hyperglycemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e005967. [PMID: 23316333 PMCID: PMC3540668 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular diabetic complications, which are characterized by endothelial dysfunction and tissue‐specific aberrant angiogenesis. Tumor growth is also dependent on angiogenesis. Diabetes affects several cancers in a tissue‐specific way. For example, it positively correlates with the incidence of breast cancer but negatively correlates with the incidence of prostate cancer. The tissue‐specific molecular mechanisms activated by hyperglycemia that control angiogenesis are unknown. Here we describe a novel tissue‐ and cell‐specific molecular pathway that is activated by high glucose and regulates angiogenesis. Methods and Results We have identified microRNA 467 (miR‐467) as a translational suppressor of thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1), a potent antiangiogenic protein that is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diabetic complications. miR‐467 was upregulated by hyperglycemia in a tissue‐specific manner. It was induced by high glucose in microvascular endothelial cells and in breast cancer cells, where it suppressed the production of TSP‐1 by sequestering mRNA in the nonpolysomal fraction. Mutation of the miR‐467 binding site in TSP‐1 3′ UTR or miR‐467 inhibitor relieved the translational silencing and restored TSP‐1 production. In in vivo angiogenesis models, miR‐467 promoted the growth of blood vessels, and TSP‐1 was the main mediator of this effect. Breast cancer tumors showed increased growth in hyperglycemic mice and expressed higher levels of miR‐467. The antagonist of miR‐467 prevented the hyperglycemia‐induced tumor growth. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that miR‐467 is implicated in the control of angiogenesis in response to high glucose, which makes it an attractive tissue‐specific potential target for therapeutic regulation of aberrant angiogenesis and cancer growth in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Joseph J Jacob Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been uncovered as important posttranscriptional regulators of nearly every biological process in the cell. Furthermore, mounting evidence implies that miRNAs play key roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and that many miRNAs can function either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Thus, miRNAs have rapidly emerged as promising targets for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. The development of miRNA-based cancer therapeutics relies on restoring the activity of tumor suppressor miRNAs using double-stranded miRNA mimics or inhibition of oncogenic miRNAs using single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides, termed antimiRs. In the present review, we focus on recent advancements in the discovery and development of miRNA-based cancer therapeutics using these 2 approaches. In addition, we summarize selected studies, in which modulation of miRNA activity in preclinical cancer models in vivo has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential.
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43
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Sarma NJ, Tiriveedhi V, Ramachandran S, Crippin J, Chapman W, Mohanakumar T. Modulation of immune responses following solid organ transplantation by microRNA. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:378-85. [PMID: 23036474 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation, an accepted treatment for end stage organ failure, is often complicated by allograft rejection and disease recurrence. In this review we will discuss the potential role of microRNAs in allograft immunity especially leading to rejection of the transplanted organ. microRNAs (miRNAs), originally identified in C. elegans, are short non-coding 21-24 nucleotide sequences that bind to its complementary sequences in functional messenger RNAs and inhibits post-translational processes through RNA duplex formation resulting in gene silencing (Lau et al., 2001). Gene specific translational silencing by miRNAs regulates pathways for immune responses such as development of innate immunity, inflammation, T-cell and B-cell differentiation and signaling that are implicated in various stages of allograft rejection. miRNAs also play a role in development of post-transplant complicacies like fibrosis, cirrhosis, carcinogenesis often leading to graft loss and poor patient outcome. Recent advancements in the methods for detecting and quantifying miRNA in tissue biopsies, as well as in serum and urine samples, has led to identification of specific miRNA signatures in patients with allograft rejection and have been utilized to predict allograft status and survival. Therefore, miRNAs play a significant role in post-transplant events including allograft rejection, disease recurrence and tumor development impacting patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan J Sarma
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Almeida MI, Reis RM, Calin GA. Decoy activity through microRNAs: the therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1153-9. [PMID: 22650365 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.693470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, are deregulated in several diseases including cancer. miRNAs regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level by binding to 5'UTR, coding regions or 3'UTR of messenger RNAs (mRNA), inhibiting mRNA translation or causing mRNA degradation. The same miRNA can have multiple mRNA targets, and the same mRNA can be regulated by various miRNAs. AREAS COVERED Recently, seminal contributions by several groups have implicated miRNAs as components of an RNA-RNA language that involves cross-talk between competing endogenous RNAs through a decoy mechanism. We review the studies that described miRNAs as players in a biological decoy activity. miRNAs can either be trapped by competing endogenous RNAs or interact with proteins that have binding sites for mRNAs. EXPERT OPINION The miRNA decoy functions have implications for the design of therapeutic approaches in human diseases, including specific ways to overcome resistance to drug therapy and future miRNA-based clinical trials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ines Almeida
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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45
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Abstract
Post-transcriptional gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is central to many biological functions. Aberrant gene expression patterns underlie many metabolic diseases that represent major public health concerns and formidable therapeutic challenges. Several studies have established a number of post-transcriptional regulators implicated in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. In addition, emerging knowledge of metabolically active and insulin-sensitive organs, such as the pancreas, liver, muscle and adipose compartment, is rapidly expanding the panel of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we review our current understanding of miRNAs and RBPs that affect glucose and lipid homeostasis, and their roles in normal physiology and metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chabot S, Orio J, Castanier R, Bellard E, Nielsen SJ, Golzio M, Teissié J. LNA-based oligonucleotide electrotransfer for miRNA inhibition. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1590-8. [PMID: 22617110 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that play an important role in disease development and progression and therefore represent a potential new class of therapeutic targets. However, an effective and safe clinical approach for miRNA inhibition remains elusive, primarily due to the lack of effective delivery methods. We proposed to inhibit miRNA by electrotransferring an antisense DNA oligomer containing locked nucleic acids (LNAs) (LNA/DNA oligomer). We observed that electropulsation (EP) led to a strong cellular uptake of LNA/DNA oligomer. The LNA/DNA oligomer electrotransfer mechanism and intracellular localization were visually investigated in real time at the single-cell level. Cyanine 5-labeled oligonucleotide entered exclusively during pulse application on the side of the permeabilized cell membrane facing the cathode, driven by electrophoretic forces. Minutes after the electrotransfer, the LNA/DNA oligomer diffused into the nucleus. EP provided the anti-miRNA oligomer with immediate and direct access to its cytoplasmic mature miRNA target and/or its nuclear precursor miRNA target. We then demonstrated using a LNA/DNA oligomer anti-miR34a that LNA/DNA oligomer electrotransfer decreased the level of the miR34a target and induced its functional inhibition. Our findings show that using the electrotransfer technique for LNA-based oligonucleotide delivery is a promising therapeutic strategy to silence deleterious miRNAs overexpressed in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chabot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Rarely a new research area has gotten such an overwhelming amount of attention as have microRNAs. Although several basic questions regarding their biological principles still remain to be answered, many specific characteristics of microRNAs in combination with compelling therapeutic efficacy data and a clear involvement in human disease have triggered the biotechnology community to start exploring the possibilities of viewing microRNAs as therapeutic entities. This review serves to provide some general insight into some of the current microRNAs targets, how one goes from the initial bench discovery to actually developing a therapeutically useful modality, and will briefly summarize the current patent landscape and the companies that have started to explore microRNAs as the next drug target.
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48
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Characterization of the uterine leiomyoma microRNAome by deep sequencing. Genomics 2012; 99:275-81. [PMID: 22446413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which are negative regulators of gene expression. Many genes in human uterine leiomyoma (ULM) are aberrantly expressed and in some cases this can be due to dysregulation of miRNAs. Here we present the first study to determine genome-wide miRNA expression patterns in uterine leiomyoma and myometrium using Solexa high-throughput sequencing. We found more than 50 miRNAs, which were differentially expressed, and furthermore we extend the list of putative new miRNA genes. The top five significantly de-regulated miRNAs in ULMs that we found in our libraries were miR-363, miR-490, miR-137, miR-217 and miR-4792. We also observed "isomiRs" with higher copy number than referenced mature miRNA specific for the leiomyoma libraries, which have a potential role in tumorigenesis. The microRNA transcriptomes obtained in this study deliver insights and further expand our understanding the role of small RNAs in uterine leiomyoma development.
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Abstract
The term angiogenesis describes the growth of endothelial sprouts from preexisting postcapillary venules. More recently, this term has been used to generally indicate the growth and remodeling process of the primitive vascular network into a complex network during development. In adulthood, angiogenesis is activated as a reparative process during wound healing and following ischemia, and it plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis as well as in inflammatory diseases and diabetic retinopathy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that negatively control gene expression of target mRNAs. In this paper, we aim at describing the role of miRNAs in postischemic angiogenesis. First, we will describe the regulation and the expression of miRNAs in endothelial cells. Then, we will analyze the role of miRNAs in postischemic vascular repair. Finally, we will discuss the role of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in ischemic diseases.
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Suryawanshi H, Lalwani MK, Ramasamy S, Rana R, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Maiti S. Antagonism of microRNA function in zebrafish embryos by using locked nucleic acid enzymes (LNAzymes). Chembiochem 2012; 13:584-9. [PMID: 22315191 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have crucial functions in many cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis; aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to human diseases, including cancer. Tools that allow specific and efficient knockdown of miRNAs would be of immense importance for exploring miRNA function. Zebrafish serves as an excellent vertebrate model system to understand the functions of miRNAs involved in a variety of biological processes. We designed and employed a strategy based on locked nucleic acid enzymes (LNAzymes) for in vivo knockdown of miRNA in zebrafish embryos. We demonstrate that LNAzyme can efficiently knockdown miRNAs with minimal toxicity to the zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Suryawanshi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India
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