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Zhu N, Wei J, Wang LM, Huang H, Xiao H. Overexpression of PTPN21 promotes proliferation of EGF-stimulated acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells via the MAPK signaling pathways. Hematology 2024; 29:2356292. [PMID: 38785187 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2356292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the role of excessive Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 21 (PTPN21) in the proliferation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cells with EGF stimulation. METHODS PTPN21 was overexpressed in ALL cell lines by lentiviral transfection. Apoptosis was assayed by Annexin V/7-AAD staining. The proliferation and cell cycle of EGF-treated ALL cells were assessed by MTT and Ki-67/7-AAD staining respectively. The phosphorylation of Src tyrosine kinase and mediators of distinct MAPK pathways were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Overexpression of PTPN21 had minimal effect on the apoptosis of ALL cells, but significantly promoted the proliferation and cell cycle progression of ALL cells stimulated with EGF. The activity of Src tyrosine kinase and the MAPK pathways was elevated. Inhibition of MAPK pathways by specific inhibitors mitigated this pro-proliferative effect of excessive PTPN21 on EGF-stimulated ALL cells. CONCLUSION PTPN21 may facilitate ALL progression by promoting cell proliferation via the Src/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieping Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Bisht A, Dey S, Kulshreshtha R. Integrated meta-analyses of genome-wide effects of PM 2.5 in human cells identifies widespread dysregulation of genes and pathways associated with cancer progression and patient survival. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173448. [PMID: 38797421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown a positive association between exposure to ambient PM2.5, a major component of air pollution, and various types of cancer. Previous biological research has primarily focused on the association between PM2.5 and lung cancer, with limited investigation into other cancer types. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis on multiple PM2.5-treated normal human cell lines to identify potential molecular targets and pathways of PM2.5. Our analysis revealed 310 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that exhibited significant dysregulation upon exposure to PM2.5. These dysregulated genes covered a diverse range of functional categories, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune-related genes, which collectively contribute to PM2.5-induced carcinogenesis. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed the up-regulation of pathways associated with HIF-1, VEGF, and MAPK signalling, all of which have been implicated in various cancers. Induction in the levels of HIF pathway genes (HIF1⍺, HIF2⍺, VEGFA, BNIP3, EPO and PGK1) upon PM2.5 treatment was also confirmed by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network unveiled hub genes, such as NQO1 and PDGFRB, that are known to be dysregulated and significantly correlated with overall survival in lung and breast cancer patients, suggesting their potential clinical significance. This study provides a deep insight into how PM2.5-mediated dysregulation of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes across various human tissues may play an important role in PM2.5-induced carcinogenesis. Further exploration of these dysregulated molecular targets may enhance our understanding of the biological effects of PM2.5 and facilitate the development of preventive strategies and targeted therapies for PM2.5-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anadi Bisht
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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3
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Cao RB, Ge Y, Zhang WX, Lin GH, Kuang BH, Wang BC. The efficacy and safety of antiangiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38679. [PMID: 39093805 PMCID: PMC11296411 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor prognosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) patients is associated with limited effective therapeutic strategies. Multiple antiangiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been applied in later-line treatment of ATC; however, the results reported in clinical trials were controversial. In this study, we reconstructed the patient-level data to pooled-analyze the survival data, responses, and adverse events. METHODS Online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL) were searched on September 03, 2023. R software combined with the "metaSurvival" and "meta" packages were used to reconstruct the survival curves and summarize the response rates. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were survival rate, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events. RESULTS Six prospective clinical trials involving 140 ATC patients were enrolled. Four types of TKIs (imatinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, and lenvatinib) were included. When advanced ATC patients were treated with the TKIs, the median OS was 4.8 months and the median PFS was 2.6 months. The pooled ORR and DCR were 9% and 53%. Hypertension, decreased appetite, rash, and lymphopenia were the most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION Mono-anitangiogenesis TKI therapy showed limited improvements in treating advanced ATC patients. Combining antiangiogenesis TKI therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy could be the direction of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Bo Cao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Ge
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-He Lin
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo-Hua Kuang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Martin-Quesada AI, Hennessy MA, Gutiérrez AC. Charting cancer's course: revealing the role of diet, exercise, and the microbiome in cancer evolution and immunotherapy response. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03595-1. [PMID: 39095683 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A variety of pathophysiological mechanisms exist by which physical exercise, nutrition, and the microbiome can impact the development of cancer and the response of tumor cells to systemic anti-cancer therapy. Physical exercise positively impacts the different stages of oncological disease and may improve overall survival and quality of life, reduce treatment-associated toxicity, and improve response to immunotherapy. Nutrition impacts quality of life, and novel nutritional regimens and their role in cancer treatment and outcomes are under active investigation. Finally, the microbiome may act as a predictor of response and resistance to immunotherapy. This comprehensive review delves into the interplay between these elements and their impact on oncological outcomes, emphasizing their role in modulating the immune system and enhancing the response to immunotherapy.The data that support the findings of this study are openly available and referenced in the bibliography section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Martin-Quesada
- Cell Therapy and Early Drug Development Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wang C, Hu M, Yuan Y, Lv X, Li S, Chen S, Zhang F, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen F, Guo X, Ning Y, Wang X. Modulation of Ras signaling pathway by exosome miRNAs in T-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte injury. Toxicology 2024; 506:153858. [PMID: 38825033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of T-2 toxin on the regulation of downstream target genes and signaling pathways through exosome-released miRNA in the development of cartilage damage in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). Serum samples from KBD patients and supernatant from C28/I2 cells treated with T-2 toxin were collected for the purpose of comparing the differential expression of exosomal miRNA using absolute quantitative miRNA-seq. Target genes of differential exosomal miRNAs were identified using Targetscan and Miranda databases, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Validation of key indicators of chondrocyte injury in KBD was conducted using Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Immunohistochemical staining (IHC). A total of 20 exosomal miRNAs related to KBD were identified in serum, and 13 in chondrocytes (C28/I2). The identified exosomal miRNAs targeted 48,459 and 60,612 genes, primarily enriched in cell organelles and membranes, cell differentiation, and cytoskeleton in the serum, and the cytoplasm and nucleus, metal ion binding in chondrocyte (C28/I2). The results of the KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the Ras signaling pathway may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of KBD. Specifically, the upregulation of hsa-miR-181a-5p and hsa-miR-21-3p, along with the downregulation of hsa-miR-152-3p and hsa-miR-186-5p, were observed. Additionally, T-2 toxin intervention led to a significant downregulation of RALA, REL, and MAPK10 expression. Furthermore, the protein levels of RALA, REL, and MAPK10 were notably decreased in the superficial and middle layers of cartilage tissues from KBD. The induction of differential expression of chondrocyte exosomal miRNAs by T-2 toxin results in the collective regulation of target genes RALA, REL, and MAPK10, ultimately mediating the Ras signaling pathway and causing a disruption in chondrocyte extracellular matrix metabolism, leading to chondrocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Minhan Hu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710068, PR China
| | - Yuequan Yuan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xi Lv
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Shujin Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Sijie Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yujie Ning
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Subramanian D, Ponnusamy Manogaran G, Dharmadurai D. A systematic review on the impact of micro-nanoplastics on human health: Potential modulation of epigenetic mechanisms and identification of biomarkers. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142986. [PMID: 39094707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic-mediated modifications, induced by adverse environmental conditions, significantly alter an organism's physiological mechanisms. Even after elimination of the stimulus, these epigenetic modifications can be inherited through mitosis, thereby triggering transgenerational epigenetics. Plastics, with their versatile properties, are indispensable in various aspects of daily life. However, due to mismanagement, plastics have become so ubiquitous in the environment that no ecosystem on Earth is free from micro-nanoplastics (MNPs). This situation has raised profound concerns regarding their potential impact on human health. Recently, both in vivo animal and in vitro human cellular models have shown the potential to identify the harmful effects of MNPs at the genome level. The emerging epigenetic impact of MNP exposure is characterized by short-term alterations in chromatin remodelling and miRNA modulation. However, to understand long-term epigenetic changes and potential transgenerational effects, substantial and more environmentally realistic exposure studies are needed. In the current review, the intricate epigenetic responses, including the NHL-2-EKL-1, NDK-1-KSR1/2, and WRT-3-ASP-2 cascades, wnt-signalling, and TGF- β signalling, established in model organisms such as C. elegans, mice, and human cell lines upon exposure to MNPs, were systematically examined. This comprehensive analysis aimed to predict human pathways by identifying human homologs using databases and algorithms. We are confident that various parallel miRNA pathways, specifically the KSR-ERK-MAPK pathway, FOXO-Insulin cascade, and GPX3-HIF-α in humans, may be influenced by MNP exposure. This influence may lead to disruptions in key metabolic and immune pathways, including glucose balance, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Therefore, we believe that these genes and pathways could serve as potential biomarkers for future studies. Additionally, this review emphasizes the origin, dispersion, and distribution of plastics, providing valuable insights into the complex relationship between plastics and human health while elaborating on the epigenetic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshini Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Dhanasekaran Dharmadurai
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Situmorang PC, Ilyas S, Nugraha SE, Syahputra RA, Nik Abd Rahman NMA. Prospects of compounds of herbal plants as anticancer agents: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1387866. [PMID: 39104398 PMCID: PMC11298448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1387866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer refers to the proliferation and multiplication of aberrant cells inside the human body, characterized by their capacity to proliferate and infiltrate various anatomical regions. Numerous biochemical pathways and signaling molecules have an impact on the cancer auto biogenesis process. The regulation of crucial cellular processes necessary for cell survival and proliferation, which are triggered by phytochemicals, is significantly influenced by signaling pathways. These pathways or components are regulated by phytochemicals. Medicinal plants are a significant reservoir of diverse anticancer medications employed in chemotherapy. The anticancer effects of phytochemicals are mediated by several methods, including induction of apoptosis, cessation of the cell cycle, inhibition of kinases, and prevention of carcinogenic substances. This paper analyzes the phytochemistry of seven prominent plant constituents, namely, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins, focusing on the involvement of the MAPK/ERK pathway, TNF signaling, death receptors, p53, p38, and actin dynamics. Hence, this review has examined a range of phytochemicals, encompassing their structural characteristics and potential anticancer mechanisms. It has underscored the significance of plant-derived bioactive compounds in the prevention of cancer, utilizing diverse molecular pathways. In addition, this endeavor also seeks to incentivize scientists to carry out clinical trials on anticancer medications derived from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Cahaya Situmorang
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sony Eka Nugraha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Gorodezki D, Schuhmann MU, Ebinger M, Schittenhelm J. Dissecting the Natural Patterns of Progression and Senescence in Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma: From Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Cells 2024; 13:1215. [PMID: 39056798 PMCID: PMC11274692 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) comprise a heterogeneous set of low-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors, collectively representing the most frequent CNS tumors of childhood and adolescence. Despite excellent overall survival rates, the chronic nature of the disease bears a high risk of long-term disease- and therapy-related morbidity in affected patients. Recent in-depth molecular profiling and studies of the genetic landscape of PLGGs led to the discovery of the paramount role of frequent upregulation of RAS/MAPK and mTOR signaling in tumorigenesis and progression of these tumors. Beyond, the subsequent unveiling of RAS/MAPK-driven oncogene-induced senescence in these tumors may shape the understanding of the molecular mechanisms determining the versatile progression patterns of PLGGs, potentially providing a promising target for novel therapies. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies moreover indicate a strong dependence of PLGG formation and growth on the tumor microenvironment. In this work, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the multilayered cellular mechanisms and clinical factors determining the natural progression patterns and the characteristic biological behavior of these tumors, aiming to provide a foundation for advanced stratification for the management of these tumors within a multimodal treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gorodezki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Martin U. Schuhmann
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ivancevic A, Simpson DM, Joyner OM, Bagby SM, Nguyen LL, Bitler BG, Pitts TM, Chuong EB. Endogenous retroviruses mediate transcriptional rewiring in response to oncogenic signaling in colorectal cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado1218. [PMID: 39018396 PMCID: PMC466953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit rewired transcriptional regulatory networks that promote tumor growth and survival. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of these pathological networks remain poorly understood. Through a pan-cancer epigenomic analysis, we found that primate-specific endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are a rich source of enhancers displaying cancer-specific activity. In colorectal cancer and other epithelial tumors, oncogenic MAPK/AP1 signaling drives the activation of enhancers derived from the primate-specific ERV family LTR10. Functional studies in colorectal cancer cells revealed that LTR10 elements regulate tumor-specific expression of multiple genes associated with tumorigenesis, such as ATG12 and XRCC4. Within the human population, individual LTR10 elements exhibit germline and somatic structural variation resulting from a highly mutable internal tandem repeat region, which affects AP1 binding activity. Our findings reveal that ERV-derived enhancers contribute to transcriptional dysregulation in response to oncogenic signaling and shape the evolution of cancer-specific regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atma Ivancevic
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David M. Simpson
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Olivia M. Joyner
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Stacey M. Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lily L. Nguyen
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ben G. Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Todd M. Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward B. Chuong
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Loganathan T, George Priya Doss C. Biomarker identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma from gene expression profiles considering without-treatment and with-treatment studies-A bioinformatics approach. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:367-396. [PMID: 39059991 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from parafollicular thyroid gland cells. In both hereditary MTC and sporadic forms, genetic changes result in fundamental changes, and prognosis and mutational status are highly correlated. In this work, biomarker genes (DEGs and DEmiRNAs) for MTC will be computationally identified in order to help in their diagnosis and treatment. The gene expression profiles of two different types of studies, namely without-treatment (wo-trt) and with-treatment (w-trt), are considered for discovering biomarkers. The datasets were retrieved from the GEO database, and the DEGs and DEmiRNAs were analyzed using ExpressAnalyst and GEO2R. The functional analysis of DEGs and DEmiRNAs was performed, and most of the pathways enriched related to thyroid oncological pathways such as MAPK pathway,mTOR pathway, and PI3K-AKT Signaling pathway. Through this conclusion, the RET gene was upregulated wo-trt; the dinaciclib treatment RET gene was down-regulated computationally. To optimize the therapeutic targeting of RET, greater research into the mechanisms regulating RET transcription is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamizhini Loganathan
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hindawi MD, Ali AHG, Qafesha RM, Soliman W, Salem H, Bali E, Elrosasy A. Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy submental vestibular approach for early-stage papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2024; 409:204. [PMID: 38963576 PMCID: PMC11224072 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness and complications of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy submental vestibular approach (TOETSMVA) versus the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) or conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) in patients with early-stage papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS We searched online databases up to January 2024. The outcomes were analyzed using RevMan 5.4 and inverse variance. RESULTS Seven studies (two RCTs and five retrospective cohort studies) were included. We established higher significance differences for TOETSMVA in comparison with TOETVA in terms of all primary outcomes; operation time, hospital stay, number of resected lymph nodes [MD -21.05, 95% CI= -30.98, -11.12; p < 0.0001], [MD -1.76, 95% CI= -2.21, -1.32, p < 0.00001], [MD -2.99, 95% CI= -19.75, 13.76, p < 0.73], [MD -0.83, 95% CI = -1.19 to -0.47; p < 0.00001], respectively, except the drainage volume, it showed no difference [MD -2.99, 95% CI= -19.75, 13.76, p < 0.73]. In secondary outcomes, it was favored only in mandibular numbness and return to normal diet outcomes. Additionally, TOETSMVA compared with COT showed a significant difference in drainage volume, pain, cosmetic effect, and satisfaction score. CONCLUSIONS TOETSMVA showed a significant improvement compared to the TOETVA in operation time, hospital stay, number of resected lymph nodes, mandibular numbness, and return to normal diet but did not show a difference in drainage volume. However, TOETSMVA was better in cosmetic effect, drainage volume, satisfaction, and pain scores compared with COT. Further RCTs with larger sample size, multicentral, and longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Hamdy G Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | | | - Wesam Soliman
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Haitham Salem
- Faculty of medicine, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam Bali
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elrosasy
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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12
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Yang X, Liu Q, Guo Z, Yang X, Li K, Han B, Zhang M, Sun M, Huang L, Cai G, Wu Y. Promoter profiles in plasma CfDNA exhibits a potential utility of predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:112. [PMID: 38965610 PMCID: PMC11225256 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression profiles in breast tissue biopsies contain information related to chemotherapy efficacy. The promoter profiles in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) carrying gene expression information of the original tissues may be used to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer as a non-invasive biomarker. In this study, the feasibility of the promoter profiles in plasma cfDNA was evaluated as a novel clinical model for noninvasively predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. METHOD First of all, global chromatin (5 Mb windows), sub-compartments and promoter profiles in plasma cfDNA samples from 94 patients with breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (pCR = 31 vs. non-pCR = 63) were analyzed, and then classifiers were developed for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Further, the promoter profile changes in sequential cfDNA samples from 30 patients (pCR = 8 vs. non-pCR = 22) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed to explore the potential benefits of cfDNA promoter profile changes as a novel potential biomarker for predicting the treatment efficacy. RESULTS The results showed significantly distinct promoter profile in plasma cfDNA of pCR patients compared with non-pCR patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The classifier based on promoter profiles in a Random Forest model produced the largest area under the curve of 0.980 (95% CI: 0.978-0.983). After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 332 genes with significantly differential promoter profile changes in sequential cfDNA samples of pCR patients was observed, compared with non-pCR patients, and their functions were closely related to treatment response. CONCLUSION These results suggest that promoter profiles in plasma cfDNA may be a powerful, non-invasive tool for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer patients before treatment, and the on-treatment cfDNA promoter profiles have potential benefits for predicting the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuexi Yang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowei Han
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minying Sun
- Department of Primary Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Huang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxi Cai
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Palizkaran Yazdi M, Barjasteh A, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the pivotal regulators of Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Mol Brain 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 38956588 PMCID: PMC11218189 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. Although, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the current standard protocol for GBM patients, there is still a poor prognosis in these patients. Temozolomide (TMZ) as a first-line therapeutic agent in GBM can easily cross from the blood-brain barrier to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. However, there is a high rate of TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Since, there are limited therapeutic choices for GBM patients who develop TMZ resistance; it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of chemo resistance to introduce the novel therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate chemo resistance through regulation of drug metabolism, absorption, DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle. In the present review we discussed the role of miRNAs in TMZ response of GBM cells. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly induced TMZ sensitivity by regulation of signaling pathways and autophagy in GBM cells. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as the reliable diagnostic/prognostic markers in GBM patients. They can also be used as the therapeutic targets to improve the TMZ response in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Palizkaran Yazdi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Barjasteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Zhang X, Yuan L, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li C, Wu M, Huang Y. Liquid-liquid phase separation in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e640. [PMID: 39006762 PMCID: PMC11245632 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), an emerging biophysical phenomenon, can sequester molecules to implement physiological and pathological functions. LLPS implements the assembly of numerous membraneless chambers, including stress granules and P-bodies, containing RNA and protein. RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions play a critical role in LLPS. Scaffolding proteins, through multivalent interactions and external factors, support protein-RNA interaction networks to form condensates involved in a variety of diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Modulating LLPS phenomenon in multiple pathogenic proteins for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer could present a promising direction, though recent advances in this area are limited. Here, we summarize in detail the complexity of LLPS in constructing signaling pathways and highlight the role of LLPS in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. We also explore RNA modifications on LLPS to alter diseases progression because these modifications can influence LLPS of certain proteins or the formation of stress granules, and discuss the possibility of proper manipulation of LLPS process to restore cellular homeostasis or develop therapeutic drugs for the eradication of diseases. This review attempts to discuss potential therapeutic opportunities by elaborating on the connection between LLPS, RNA modification, and their roles in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders Health Sciences Institute China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang China
- The Joint Research Center Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Ningbo China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
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15
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Chen Y, Sang Y, Li S, Xue J, Chen M, Hong S, Lv W, Sehgal K, Xiao H, Liu R. The ERK inhibitor GDC-0994 selectively inhibits growth of BRAF mutant cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101991. [PMID: 38728872 PMCID: PMC11107342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BRAF or RAS mutation-induced aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is frequently observed in human cancers. As the key downstream node of MAPK pathway, ERK1/2 is as an important therapeutic target. GDC-0994 (ravoxertinib), an orally bioavailable, highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of ERK1/2, showed acceptable safety and pharmacodynamic profile in a recent phase I clinical trial. In this study, we investigated dependence of the anti-tumor effect of ERK inhibitor GDC-0994 on genetic alterations in the MAPK pathway. The results showed that GDC-0994 sharply inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation and induced remarkable G1 phase cell-cycle arrest in cancer cells harboring BRAF mutation but had little effect on cell behaviors in most RAS mutant or wild-type cell lines. The expression of a large number of genes, particularly the genes in the cell cycle pathway, were significantly changed after GDC-0994 treatment in BRAF mutant cells, while no remarkable expression change of such genes was observed in wild-type cells. Moreover, GDC-0994 selectively inhibited tumor growth in a BRAF mutant xenograft mice model. Our findings demonstrate a BRAF mutation-dependent anti-tumor effect of GDC-0994 and provide a rational strategy for patient selection for ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ye Sang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junyu Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mengke Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shubin Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weiming Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kartik Sehgal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Rengyun Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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16
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Ahmadi M, Mohajeri Khorasani A, Morshedzadeh F, Saffarzadeh N, Ghaderian SMH, Ghafouri-Fard S, Mousavi P. HLF is a promising prognostic, immunological, and therapeutic biomarker in human tumors. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101725. [PMID: 38711550 PMCID: PMC11070826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite past research linking HLF mutations to cancer development, no pan-cancer analyses of HLF have been published. As a result, we utilized multiple databases to illustrate the potential roles of HLF in diverse types of cancers. Several databases were used to assess HLF expression in the TCGA cancer samples. Additional assessments were undertaken to investigate the relationship between HLF and overall survival, immune cell infiltration, genetic alterations, promoter methylation, and protein-protein interaction. HLF's putative roles and the relationship between HLF expression and drug reactivity were investigated. HLF expression was shown to be lower in tumor tissues from a variety of malignancies when compared to normal tissues. There was a substantial link found between HLF expression and patient survival, genetic mutations, and immunological infiltration. HLF influenced the pathways of apoptosis, cell cycle, EMT, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Abnormal expression of HLF lowered sensitivity to numerous anti-tumor drugs and small compounds. According to our findings, reduced HLF expression drives cancer growth, and it has the potential to be identified as a vital biomarker for use in prognosis, immunotherapy, and targeted treatment of a range of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Firouzeh Morshedzadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Saffarzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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17
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Malamos P, Papanikolaou C, Gavriatopoulou M, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Souliotis VL. The Interplay between the DNA Damage Response (DDR) Network and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathway in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6991. [PMID: 39000097 PMCID: PMC11241508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) network and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are crucial mechanisms for the survival of all living beings. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that there is crosstalk between these two systems, thus favoring the appropriate functioning of multi-cellular organisms. On the other hand, aberrations within these mechanisms are thought to play a vital role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, as well as in the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding alterations in the DDR machinery and the MAPK signaling pathway as well as abnormalities in the DDR/MAPK functional crosstalk in multiple myeloma, the second most common hematologic malignancy. We also present the latest advances in the development of anti-myeloma drugs targeting crucial DDR- and MAPK-associated molecular components. These data could potentially be exploited to discover new therapeutic targets and effective biomarkers as well as for the design of novel clinical trials. Interestingly, they might provide a new approach to increase the efficacy of anti-myeloma therapy by combining drugs targeting the DDR network and the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Malamos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Papanikolaou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Vassilis L. Souliotis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (C.P.)
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18
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Liu Y, Luo Z. Repurposing Anticancer Drugs Targeting the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Respiratory Virus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6946. [PMID: 39000055 PMCID: PMC11240997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections remain a significant challenge to human health and the social economy. The symptoms range from mild rhinitis and nasal congestion to severe lower respiratory tract dysfunction and even mortality. The efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting respiratory viruses varies, depending upon infection time and the drug resistance engendered by a high frequency of viral genome mutations, necessitating the development of new strategies. The MAPK/ERK pathway that was well delineated in the 1980s represents a classical signaling cascade, essential for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Since this pathway is constitutively activated in many cancers by oncogenes, several drugs inhibiting Raf/MEK/ERK have been developed and currently used in anticancer treatment. Two decades ago, it was reported that viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses could exploit the host cellular MAPK/ERK pathway for their replication. Thus, it would be feasible to repurpose this category of the pathway inhibitors for the treatment of respiratory viral infections. The advantage is that the host genes are not easy to mutate such that the drug resistance rarely occurs during short-period treatment of viruses. Therefore, in this review we will summarize the research progress on the role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in respiratory virus amplification and discuss the potential of the pathway inhibitors (MEK inhibitors) in the treatment of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
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19
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Takada M, Kitagawa K, Zhang Y, Bulitta JB, Moirano S, Jones A, Borgen J, Onsager A, Thaiwong T, Vail DM. Population Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety Properties of Trametinib in Dogs With Cancer: A Phase I Dose Escalating Clinical Trial. Vet Comp Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38889903 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
MAPK has been reported as a key oncogenic pathway for canine histiocytic sarcoma, which can be pharmacologically targeted with trametinib, a small inhibitor of MEK1/2. Preliminary data showed promising antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo models and represented a proof of concept to translate the findings from bench to bedside. In this phase I, dose escalating study using a 3 + 3 cohort design, trametinib was evaluated in 18 dogs with cancer. Adverse events were graded according to VCOG-CTCAE v2. Blood samples and tumour biopsies were collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment. Trametinib was well tolerated with a maximum tolerated dose of 0.5 mg/m2/day, PO. Dose-limiting toxicities included systemic hypertension, proteinuria, lethargy and elevated ALP, and were all Grade 3. The drug exposures increased more than linearly with dose since the elimination of trametinib was saturable. At a dose of 500 μg Q24h (0.5 mg/m2/day in a 30 kg dog), approximately 70% of dogs had an average steady-state concentration of 10 ng/mL, achieved after approximately 2 weeks. This threshold was associated with clinical efficacy in humans. Target engagement was not observed in biospecimens collected on Days 0 and 7. In conclusion, trametinib was considered safe in dogs with cancer, and the dose of 0.5 mg/m2/day was the recommended dose for phase II studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Takada
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Keita Kitagawa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jürgen B Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven Moirano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail Jones
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Borgen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ashley Onsager
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tuddow Thaiwong
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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Chen H, Jiang RY, Hua Z, Wang XW, Shi XL, Wang Y, Feng QQ, Luo J, Ning W, Shi YF, Zhang DK, Wang B, Jie JZ, Zhong DR. Comprehensive analysis of gene mutations and mismatch repair in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2661-2670. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAS, BRAF, and mismatch repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) are crucial biomarkers recommended by clinical practice guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their characteristics and influencing factors in Chinese patients have not been thoroughly described.
AIM To analyze the clinicopathological features of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations and the DNA MMR status in CRC.
METHODS We enrolled 2271 Chinese CRC patients at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. MMR proteins were tested using immunohistochemical analysis, and the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microsatellite status was determined using an MSI detection kit. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software and logistic regression.
RESULTS The KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 44.6%, 3.4%, 3.7%, and 3.9% of CRC patients, respectively. KRAS mutations were more likely to occur in patients with moderate-to-high differentiation. BRAF mutations were more likely to occur in patients with right-sided CRC, poorly differentiated, or no perineural invasion. Deficient MMR (dMMR) was detected in 7.9% of all patients and 16.8% of those with mucinous adenocarcinomas. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 29.6%, 1.1%, 8.1%, and 22.3% of patients with dMMR, respectively. The dMMR was more likely to occur in patients with a family history of CRC, aged < 50 years, right-sided CRC, poorly differentiated histology, no perineural invasion, and with carcinoma in situ, stage I, or stage II tumors.
CONCLUSION This study analyzed the molecular profiles of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MMR/MSI in CRC, identifying key influencing factors, with implications for clinical management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Chen
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui-Ying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhan Hua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Li Shi
- Department of Scientific Research, Geneis, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian-Qian Feng
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wu Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Fen Shi
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Da-Kui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Zheng Jie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ding-Rong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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21
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Chen H, Jiang RY, Hua Z, Wang XW, Shi XL, Wang Y, Feng QQ, Luo J, Ning W, Shi YF, Zhang DK, Wang B, Jie JZ, Zhong DR. Comprehensive analysis of gene mutations and mismatch repair in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2673-2682. [PMID: 38994136 PMCID: PMC11236251 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAS, BRAF, and mismatch repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) are crucial biomarkers recommended by clinical practice guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their characteristics and influencing factors in Chinese patients have not been thoroughly described. AIM To analyze the clinicopathological features of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations and the DNA MMR status in CRC. METHODS We enrolled 2271 Chinese CRC patients at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. MMR proteins were tested using immunohistochemical analysis, and the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microsatellite status was determined using an MSI detection kit. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software and logistic regression. RESULTS The KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 44.6%, 3.4%, 3.7%, and 3.9% of CRC patients, respectively. KRAS mutations were more likely to occur in patients with moderate-to-high differentiation. BRAF mutations were more likely to occur in patients with right-sided CRC, poorly differentiated, or no perineural invasion. Deficient MMR (dMMR) was detected in 7.9% of all patients and 16.8% of those with mucinous adenocarcinomas. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 29.6%, 1.1%, 8.1%, and 22.3% of patients with dMMR, respectively. The dMMR was more likely to occur in patients with a family history of CRC, aged < 50 years, right-sided CRC, poorly differentiated histology, no perineural invasion, and with carcinoma in situ, stage I, or stage II tumors. CONCLUSION This study analyzed the molecular profiles of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MMR/MSI in CRC, identifying key influencing factors, with implications for clinical management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Chen
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui-Ying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhan Hua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Li Shi
- Department of Scientific Research, Geneis, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian-Qian Feng
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wu Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Fen Shi
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Da-Kui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Zheng Jie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ding-Rong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Pan H, Ho SE, Xue C, Cui J, Johanson QS, Sachs N, Ross LS, Li F, Solomon RA, Connolly ES, Patel VI, Maegdefessel L, Zhang H, Reilly MP. Atherosclerosis Is a Smooth Muscle Cell-Driven Tumor-Like Disease. Circulation 2024; 149:1885-1898. [PMID: 38686559 PMCID: PMC11164647 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, involves the pathological activation of various cell types, including immunocytes (eg, macrophages and T cells), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that transition of SMCs to other cell types, known as phenotypic switching, plays a central role in atherosclerosis development and complications. However, the characteristics of SMC-derived cells and the underlying mechanisms of SMC transition in disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Our objective is to characterize tumor cell-like behaviors of SMC-derived cells in atherosclerosis, with the ultimate goal of developing interventions targeting SMC transition for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. METHODS We used SMC lineage tracing mice and human tissues and applied a range of methods, including molecular, cellular, histological, computational, human genetics, and pharmacological approaches, to investigate the features of SMC-derived cells in atherosclerosis. RESULTS SMC-derived cells in mouse and human atherosclerosis exhibit multiple tumor cell-like characteristics, including genomic instability, evasion of senescence, hyperproliferation, resistance to cell death, invasiveness, and activation of comprehensive cancer-associated gene regulatory networks. Specific expression of the oncogenic mutant KrasG12D in SMCs accelerates phenotypic switching and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we provide proof of concept that niraparib, an anticancer drug targeting DNA damage repair, attenuates atherosclerosis progression and induces regression of lesions in advanced disease in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that atherosclerosis is an SMC-driven tumor-like disease, advancing our understanding of its pathogenesis and opening prospects for innovative precision molecular strategies aimed at preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sebastian E. Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jian Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Quinian S. Johanson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila S. Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert A. Solomon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E. Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Virendra I. Patel
- Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Interventions, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and Hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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24
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Hu Q, Zheng Q, Du X, Yang Z, Tian Q, Liang L, Zhao X, Bai H, Liu Y, Zhao M, Fu X. Intestinal metabolite xylulose inhibits colorectal cancer by inducing apoptosis through the MAPK signalling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 487:116960. [PMID: 38735592 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal metabolites are involved in the initiation, progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). They are a potential source of agents for cancer therapy. Our previous study identified altered faecal metabolites between CRC patients and healthy volunteers. However, no specific metabolite was clearly illustrated for CRC therapy. RESULTS We found that the level of xylulose was lower in the stools of CRC patients than in those of healthy volunteers. Xylulose inhibited cell growth without affecting the cell cycle by inducing apoptosis in CRC cells, which was evidenced by increased expression of the proapoptotic proteins C-PARP and C-Caspase3 and decreased expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 in CRC cells. Mechanistically, xylulose reduced the activity of the MAPK signalling pathway, represented by reduced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and P38. Furthermore, an ALI model was used to show the tumour killing ability of xylulose on human CRC spheres, as well as human colorectal adenoma (AD) spheres. CONCLUSION Xylulose inhibits CRC growth by inducing apoptosis through attenuation of the MAPK signalling pathway. These results suggest that xylulose may serve as an effective agent for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Clinical medical college, North sichuan medical college, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Clinical medical college, North sichuan medical college, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Xinhao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Lanfan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Hang Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Yanqin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
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25
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Bhat AA, Gupta G, Dahiya R, Thapa R, Gahtori A, Shahwan M, Jakhmola V, Tiwari A, Kumar M, Dureja H, Singh SK, Dua K, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V. CircRNAs: Pivotal modulators of TGF-β signalling in cancer pathogenesis. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:277-287. [PMID: 38505309 PMCID: PMC10945146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate molecular landscape of cancer pathogenesis continues to captivate researchers worldwide, with Circular RNAs (circRNAs) emerging as pivotal players in the dynamic regulation of biological functions. The study investigates the elusive link between circRNAs and the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway, exploring their collective influence on cancer progression and metastasis. Our comprehensive investigation begins by profiling circRNA expression patterns in diverse cancer types, revealing a repertoire of circRNAs intricately linked to the TGF-β pathway. Through integrated bioinformatics analyses and functional experiments, we elucidate the specific circRNA-mRNA interactions that modulate TGF-β signalling, unveiling the regulatory controls governing this crucial pathway. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence of the impact of circRNA-mediated TGF-β modulation on key cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and cell proliferation. In addition to their mechanistic roles, circRNAs have shown promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential molecular targets for cancer therapy. Their ability to modulate critical pathways, such as the TGF-β signalling axis, underscores their significance in cancer biology and clinical applications. The intricate interplay between circRNAs and TGF-β is dissected, uncovering novel regulatory circuits that contribute to the complexity of cancer biology. This review unravels a previously unexplored dimension of carcinogenesis, emphasizing the crucial role of circRNAs in shaping the TGF-β signalling landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Archana Gahtori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vikas Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, (U.P.), 244102, India
| | - Mahish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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26
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Cao J, Qing J, Zhu L, Chen Z. Role of TIM-1 in the development and treatment of tumours. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1307806. [PMID: 38831760 PMCID: PMC11144867 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1307806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin structural domain 1 (TIM-1, also known as hepatitis A virus cell receptor 1) is a co-stimulatory molecule that is expressed predominantly on the surface of T cells. TIM-1 promotes the activation and proliferation of T cells, cytokine secretion, and can also be overexpressed in various types of cancer. Upregulation of TIM-1 expression may be associated with the development and progression of cancer. After reviewing the literature, we propose that TIM-1 affects tumour development mainly through two pathways. In the Direct pathway: overexpression in tumours activates tumour-related signaling pathways, mediates the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, and directly affects tumour development directly. In the indirect pathway: In addition to changing the tumour microenvironment and influencing the growth of tumours, TIM-1 binds to ligands to encourage the activation, proliferation, and generation of cytokines by immune cells. This review examines how TIM-1 stimulates the development of tumours in direct and indirect ways, and how TIM-1 is exploited as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Cao
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jilin Qing
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Graduate school, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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27
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Cheng G, Zhou Z, Li S, Yang S, Wang Y, Ye Z, Ren C. Predicting bladder cancer survival with high accuracy: insights from MAPK pathway-related genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10482. [PMID: 38714855 PMCID: PMC11076554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a critical role in tumor development and immunotherapy. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to comprehend the relationship between the MAPK pathway and the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA), as well as its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. To create prognostic models, we screened ten genes associated with the MAPK pathway using COX and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. These models were validated in the Genomic Data Commons (GEO) cohort and further examined for immune infiltration, somatic mutation, and drug sensitivity characteristics. Finally, the findings were validated using The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and through Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the prognosis-related genes of the MAPK pathway. The high-risk group had poorer overall survival than the low-risk group and showed increased immune infiltration compared to the low-risk group. Additionally, the nomograms built using the risk scores and clinical factors exhibited high accuracy in predicting the survival of BLCA patients. The prognostic profiling of MAPK pathway-associated genes represents a potent clinical prediction tool, serving as the foundation for precise clinical treatment of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhuo Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chuanchuan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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28
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Munson BP, Chen M, Bogosian A, Kreisberg JF, Licon K, Abagyan R, Kuenzi BM, Ideker T. De novo generation of multi-target compounds using deep generative chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3636. [PMID: 38710699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacology drugs-compounds that inhibit multiple proteins-have many applications but are difficult to design. To address this challenge we have developed POLYGON, an approach to polypharmacology based on generative reinforcement learning. POLYGON embeds chemical space and iteratively samples it to generate new molecular structures; these are rewarded by the predicted ability to inhibit each of two protein targets and by drug-likeness and ease-of-synthesis. In binding data for >100,000 compounds, POLYGON correctly recognizes polypharmacology interactions with 82.5% accuracy. We subsequently generate de-novo compounds targeting ten pairs of proteins with documented co-dependency. Docking analysis indicates that top structures bind their two targets with low free energies and similar 3D orientations to canonical single-protein inhibitors. We synthesize 32 compounds targeting MEK1 and mTOR, with most yielding >50% reduction in each protein activity and in cell viability when dosed at 1-10 μM. These results support the potential of generative modeling for polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton P Munson
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Audrey Bogosian
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason F Kreisberg
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Katherine Licon
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brent M Kuenzi
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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29
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Garg P, Krishna M, Subbalakshmi AR, Ramisetty S, Mohanty A, Kulkarni P, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Emerging biomarkers and molecular targets for precision medicine in cervical cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189106. [PMID: 38701936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative approaches for improved diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies. Precision medicine has emerged as a promising paradigm, leveraging biomarkers and molecular targets to tailor therapy to individual patients. This review explores the landscape of emerging biomarkers and molecular targets in cervical cancer, highlighting their potential implications for precision medicine. By integrating these biomarkers into comprehensive diagnostic algorithms, clinicians can identify high-risk patients at an earlier stage, enabling timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, the identification of specific molecular targets has paved the way for the development of targeted therapies aimed at disrupting key pathways implicated in cervical carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the evolving landscape of biomarkers and molecular targets presents exciting opportunities for advancing precision medicine in cervical cancer. By harnessing these insights, clinicians can optimize treatment selection, enhance patient outcomes, and ultimately transform the management of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Madhu Krishna
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ayalur Raghu Subbalakshmi
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sravani Ramisetty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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30
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Ren S, Chen Y, Wang Q, Song L, Xin Z, Shi M, Liu X. NUPR1 induces autophagy and promotes the progression of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the MAPK-mTOR pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155323. [PMID: 38653091 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a dominant pathological type in China. NUPR1 is a complex molecule implicated in various physiological and biological functions whose expression is upregulated in response to stress. Furthermore, autophagy is a vital physiological mechanism in the onset and metastasis of malignancies. This study aims to uncover the influence of NUPR1 on ESCC occurrence and development by regulating autophagy while also exploring its association with the MAPK signaling pathway. METHODS First, the differences in NUPR1 between ESCC and normal tissues were analyzed through online databases. Subsequently, the pathological tissues of clinical samples were stained and scored using immunohistochemistry. And NUPR1 expression in ESCC cells was investigated, as was the function of NUPR1 in the modulation of ESCC's malignant behavior. Furthermore, a nude mouse ESCC xenograft model was developed. Finally, RNA sequencing was performed on NUPR1-downregulated ESCC cells, which was verified using WB. RESULTS Our findings initially uncovered differences in the expression of NUPR1 in ESCC and normal tissues. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NUPR1 downregulation significantly inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as promoted their apoptosis. Our xenograft model exhibited significant inhibition of ESCC tumors upon NUPR1 downregulation. Subsequently, RNA sequencing uncovered that NUPR1 regulates its malignant biological behavior through MAPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, we found that NUPR1 downregulation can inhibit autophagic flux in ESCC. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings show that NUPR1 enhances the progression of ESCC by triggering autophagy and is associated with the MAPK-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwei Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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CHEN JINGJING, WANG DAN, WANG ZEQUN, HAN MENGYUAN, YIN HOUQING, ZHOU WENTING, YAN RIBAI, PAN YAN. Antitumor effects of a novel photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy and its influence on the cell transcriptome. Oncol Res 2024; 32:911-923. [PMID: 38686054 PMCID: PMC11055994 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.042384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment. This study investigated the antitumor effects and mechanisms of a novel photosensitizer meso-5-[ρ-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-aminophenyl]-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrin (DTP) mediated PDT (DTP-PDT). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and Hoechst staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were examined using western blotting. RNA sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed mRNAs (DERs), and bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the major biological events after DTP-PDT. Our results show that DTP-PDT inhibited cell growth and induced ROS generation in MCF-7 and SGC7901 cells. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and the P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 alleviated DTP-PDT-induced cytotoxicity. DTP-PDT induced cell apoptosis together with upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl-2, which could also be inhibited by NAC or SB203580. The level of LC3B-II, a marker of autophagy, was increased by DTP-PDT. A total of 3496 DERs were obtained after DTP-PDT. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that DERs included those involved in cytosolic ribosomes, the nuclear lumen, protein binding, cell cycle, protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomal DNA replication. Disease Ontology and Reactome enrichment analyses indicated that DERs were associated with a variety of cancers and cell cycle checkpoints. Protein-protein interaction results demonstrated that cdk1 and rps27a ranked in the top 10 interacting genes. Therefore, DTP-PDT could inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis and autophagy, partly through ROS and the P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Genes associated with the cell cycle, ribosomes, DNA replication, and protein binding may be the key changes in DTP-PDT-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JINGJING CHEN
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - DAN WANG
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - ZEQUN WANG
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - MENGYUAN HAN
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - HOUQING YIN
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - WENTING ZHOU
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - RIBAI YAN
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - YAN PAN
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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del Río RJ, Cicutti SE, Moreira DC, Ramos JDG. New CNS tumor classification: The importance in pediatric neurosurgical practice. Surg Neurol Int 2024; 15:130. [PMID: 38742003 PMCID: PMC11090558 DOI: 10.25259/sni_681_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The management of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the pediatric population is crucial in neurosurgical practice. The World Health Organization (WHO) has evolved its classification of CNS tumors from the 19th century to the 5th edition, published in 2021, incorporating molecular advancements. This transition from morphology to molecular characterization is ongoing. Methods This manuscript analyzes the modifications introduced in the 5th edition of WHO's CNS tumor classification, particularly focusing on pediatric tumor families. The paper integrates clinical, morphological, and molecular information, aiming to guide pediatric neurosurgeons in their daily practice and interdisciplinary discussions. Results The 5th edition of the WHO classification introduces a hybrid taxonomy that incorporates both molecular and histological components. The terminology shifts from "entity" to "type" and "subtype," aiming to standardize terminology. Tumor grading experiences changes, integrating molecular biomarkers for prognosis. The concept of integrated layered diagnosis is emphasized, where molecular and histological information is combined systematically. Conclusion The 5th edition of the WHO CNS classification signifies a paradigm shift toward molecular characterization. The incorporation of molecular advances, the layered diagnostic approach, and the inclusion of clinical, morphological, and molecular information aim to provide comprehensive insights into pediatric CNS tumors. This classification offers valuable guidance for pediatric neurosurgeons, aiding in precise diagnosis and treatment planning for these complex neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro José del Río
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Ezequiel Cicutti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel C. Moreira
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
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Falkman L, Sundin A, Skogseid B, Botling J, Bernardo Y, Wallin G, Zhang L, Welin S, Lase I, Mollazadegan K, Crona J. Genetics-guided therapy in neuroendocrine carcinoma: response to BRAF- and MEK-inhibitors. Ups J Med Sci 2024; 129:10660. [PMID: 38716076 PMCID: PMC11075439 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v129.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is associated with short survival. Other than platinum-based chemotherapy, there is no clear standard regimen. Current guidelines suggest that combination treatment with BRAF-inhibitors should be considered for patients with BRAF V600E-mutated NEC. However, since only eight such patients have been reported in the literature, our object was to confirm the validity of this recommendation. Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted at Uppsala University Hospital. The included patients 1) had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of NEC, 2) were diagnosed between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2023, 3) had tumor tissue genetically screened by a broad next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel, and 4) showed a tumor mutation for which there is a currently available targeted therapy. Results We screened 48 patients diagnosed with NEC between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2023. Twelve had been analyzed with a broad NGS-panel, and two had a targetable mutation. Both these patients harbored a BRAF V600E-mutated colon-NEC and were treated with BRAF- and MEK-inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib in second-line. At first radiological evaluation (RECIST 1.1), both patients had a reduction of tumor size, which decreased by 31 and 40%. Both had short response periods, and their overall survival was 12 and 9 months. Conclusions BRAF-mutated NEC is sensitive to treatment with BRAF- and MEK-inhibitor combination. These results further support that DNA sequencing should be considered as standard of care in NECs to screen for potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Falkman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundin
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Britt Skogseid
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvette Bernardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Welin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ieva Lase
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joakim Crona
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Karachaliou A, Kotteas E, Fiste O, Syrigos K. Emerging Therapies in Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (+) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1447. [PMID: 38672529 PMCID: PMC11048139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) is the most frequently found oncogene in human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For many years, KRAS was considered "undruggable" due to its structure and difficult targeting. However, the discovery of the switch II region in the KRAS-G12C-mutated protein has changed the therapeutic landscape with the design and development of novel direct KRAS-G12C inhibitors. Sotorasib and adagrasib are FDA-approved targeted agents for pre-treated patients with KRAS-G12C-mutated NSCLC. Despite promising results, the efficacy of these novel inhibitors is limited by mechanisms of resistance. Ongoing studies are evaluating combination strategies for overcoming resistance. In this review, we summarize the biology of the KRAS protein and the characteristics of KRAS mutations. We then present current and emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting KRAS mutation subtypes intending to provide individualized treatment for lung cancer harboring this challenging driver mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Karachaliou
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Sotiria” General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (O.F.); (K.S.)
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Šimičić P, Batović M, Stojanović Marković A, Židovec-Lepej S. Deciphering the Role of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Immune Modulation: A Multifaced Signalling Perspective. Viruses 2024; 16:564. [PMID: 38675906 PMCID: PMC11054855 DOI: 10.3390/v16040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of antiviral sensors and the evasion of immune defences by various tactics are hallmarks of EBV infection. One of the EBV latent gene products, LMP1, was shown to induce the activation of signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2, p38), JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt, via three subdomains of its C-terminal domain, regulating the expression of several cytokines responsible for modulation of the immune response and therefore promoting viral persistence. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the EBV-mediated induction of immunomodulatory molecules by the activation of signal transduction pathways with a particular focus on LMP1-mediated mechanisms. A more detailed understanding of the cytokine biology molecular landscape in EBV infections could contribute to the more complete understanding of diseases associated with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Šimičić
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Margarita Batović
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anita Stojanović Marković
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Židovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wani AK, Prakash A, Sena S, Akhtar N, Singh R, Chopra C, Ariyanti EE, Mudiana D, Yulia ND, Rahayu F. Unraveling molecular signatures in rare bone tumors and navigating the cancer pathway landscapes for targeted therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104291. [PMID: 38346462 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare cancers (RCs), which account for over 20% of cancer cases, face significant research and treatment challenges due to their limited prevalence. This results in suboptimal outcomes compared to more common malignancies. Rare bone tumors (RBTs) constitute 5-10% of rare cancer cases and pose unique diagnostic complexities. The therapeutic potential of anti-cancer drugs for RBTs remains largely unexplored. Identifying molecular alterations in cancer-related genes and their associated pathways is essential for precision medicine in RBTs. Small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific RBT-associated proteins show promise. Ongoing clinical trials aim to define RBT biomarkers, subtypes, and optimal treatment contexts, including combination therapies and immunotherapeutic agents. This review addresses the challenges in diagnosing, treating, and studying RBTs, shedding light on the current state of RBT biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and promising inhibitors. Rare cancers demand attention and innovative solutions to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India.
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Saikat Sena
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Esti Endah Ariyanti
- Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Deden Mudiana
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nina Dwi Yulia
- Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
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Wang L, Tian S, Ruan S, Wei J, Wei S, Chen W, Hu H, Qin W, Li Y, Yuan H, Mao J, Xu Y, Xie J. Neuroprotective effects of cordycepin on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice via suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK-mediated neuroinflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 216:60-77. [PMID: 38479634 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Cordycepin is known to exhibit antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and neuroprotective effects; however, few studies have explored the neuroprotective mechanism of cordycepin in PD. Using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model, we investigated the impact of cordycepin on PD and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings indicated that cordycepin significantly mitigated MPTP-induced behavior disorder and neuroapoptosis, diminished the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum-substantia nigra pathway, elevated striatal monoamine levels and its metabolites, and inhibited the polarization of microglia and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Subsequent proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses revealed the involvement of the MAPK, mTOR, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in the protective mechanism of cordycepin. Cordycepin treatment inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and enhanced the expression of autophagy proteins in the striatum and substantia nigra. We also demonstrated the in vivo inhibition of the ERK/JNK signaling pathway by cordycepin treatment. In summary, our investigation reveals that cordycepin exerts neuroprotective effects against PD by promoting autophagy and suppressing neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK/JNK signaling pathways. This finding highlights the favorable characteristics of cordycepin in neuroprotection and provides novel molecular insights into the neuroprotective role of natural products in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Wang
- Flavour Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China.
| | - Shu Tian
- Inner Mongolia Kunming Cigarette Limited Liability Company, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Sisi Ruan
- Flavour Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China.
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Flavour Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China.
| | - Sijia Wei
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Hennan, China.
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hangcui Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of Neurology, State Key Clinical Specialty of the Ministry of Health for Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Flavour Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hang Yuan
- Flavour Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jian Mao
- Flavour Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jianping Xie
- Flavour Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China.
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Zhang X, Wu L, Zhang X, Xu Y. Identifying the tumor-associated macrophage of lung adenocarcinoma reveals immune landscape through omics data integration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27586. [PMID: 38509996 PMCID: PMC10951532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a crucial role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which can cause the proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells. In particular, TAMs mainly regulate changes in the tumor microenvironment thereby contributing to tumorigenesis and progression. Recently, an increasing number of studies are using single-cell RNA (Sc-RNA) sequencing to investigate changes in the composition and transcriptomics of the tumor microenvironment. We obtained Sc-RNA sequencing data of LUAD from GEO database and transcriptome data with clinical information of LUAD patients from TCGA database. A group of important genes in the state transition of TAMs was identified by analyzing TAMs at the single-cell level, while 5 TAM-related prognostic genes were obtained by omics data integration, and a prognostic model was constructed. GOBP analysis revealed that TAM-related genes were mainly enriched in tumor-promoting and immunosuppression-related pathways. After ROC analysis, it was found that the AUC of the prognosis model reached 0.751, with well predictive effectiveness. The 5 unique genes, HLA-DMB, HMGN3, ID3, PEBP1, and TUBA1B, was finally identified through synthesized analysis. The transcriptional characteristics of 5 genes were determined through GEPIA2 database and RT-qPCR. The increased expression of TUBA1B in advanced LUAD may serve as a prognostic indicator, while low expression of PEBP1 in LUAD may have the potential to become a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanlong Xu
- Department of Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Siddique F, Anwaar A, Bashir M, Nadeem S, Rawat R, Eyupoglu V, Afzal S, Bibi M, Bin Jardan YA, Bourhia M. Revisiting methotrexate and phototrexate Zinc15 library-based derivatives using deep learning in-silico drug design approach. Front Chem 2024; 12:1380266. [PMID: 38576849 PMCID: PMC10991842 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1380266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is the second most prevalent cause of mortality in the world, despite the availability of several medications for cancer treatment. Therefore, the cancer research community emphasized on computational techniques to speed up the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. Methods: In the current study, QSAR-based virtual screening was performed on the Zinc15 compound library (271 derivatives of methotrexate (MTX) and phototrexate (PTX)) to predict their inhibitory activity against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a potential anticancer drug target. The deep learning-based ADMET parameters were employed to generate a 2D QSAR model using the multiple linear regression (MPL) methods with Leave-one-out cross-validated (LOO-CV) Q2 and correlation coefficient R2 values as high as 0.77 and 0.81, respectively. Results: From the QSAR model and virtual screening analysis, the top hits (09, 27, 41, 68, 74, 85, 99, 180) exhibited pIC50 ranging from 5.85 to 7.20 with a minimum binding score of -11.6 to -11.0 kcal/mol and were subjected to further investigation. The ADMET attributes using the message-passing neural network (MPNN) model demonstrated the potential of selected hits as an oral medication based on lipophilic profile Log P (0.19-2.69) and bioavailability (76.30% to 78.46%). The clinical toxicity score was 31.24% to 35.30%, with the least toxicity score (8.30%) observed with compound 180. The DFT calculations were carried out to determine the stability, physicochemical parameters and chemical reactivity of selected compounds. The docking results were further validated by 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation analysis. Conclusion: The promising lead compounds found endorsed compared to standard reference drugs MTX and PTX that are best for anticancer activity and can lead to novel therapies after experimental validations. Furthermore, it is suggested to unveil the inhibitory potential of identified hits via in-vitro and in-vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Siddique
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmar Anwaar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Southern Punjab Institute of Health Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ravi Rawat
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun, India
| | - Volkan Eyupoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Cankırı Karatekin University, Cankırı, Türkiye
| | - Samina Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Bibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Qi P, Yao QL, Lao IW, Ren M, Bai QM, Cai X, Xue T, Wei R, Zhou XY. A custom next-generation sequencing panel for 1p/19q codeletion and mutational analysis in gliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:258-267. [PMID: 38408388 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has updated their classification system for the diagnosis of gliomas, combining histological features with molecular data including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q. 1p/19q codeletion analysis is commonly performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In this study, we developed a 57-gene targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel including 1p/19q codeletion detection mainly to assess diagnosis and potential treatment response in melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and glioma patients. Loss of heterozygosity analysis was performed using the NGS method on 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioma tissues that showed 1p and/or 19q loss determined by FISH. Conventional methods were applied for the validation of some glioma-related gene mutations. In 81.1% (30 of 37) and 94.6% (35 of 37) of cases, 1p and 19q were found to be in agreement whereas concordance for 1p/19q codeletion and no 1p/19q codeletion was found in 94.7% (18 of 19) and 94.4% (17 of 18) of cases, respectively. Overall, comparing NGS results with those of conventional methods showed high concordance. In conclusion, the NGS panel allows reliable analysis of 1p/19q codeletion and mutation at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Lan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - I Weng Lao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Ming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wu J, Li X, Wu C, Wang Y, Zhang J. Current advances and development strategies of targeting son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116282. [PMID: 38430853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The Son of Sevenless 1 (SOS1) guanine nucleotide exchange factor, prevalent across eukaryotic species, plays a pivotal role in facilitating the attachment of RAS protein to GTP, thereby regulating the activation of intracellular RAS proteins. This regulation is part of a feedback mechanism involving SOS1, which allows both activators and inhibitors of SOS1 to exert control over downstream signaling pathways, demonstrating potential anti-tumor effects. Predominantly, small molecule modulators that target SOS1 focus on a hydrophobic pocket within the CDC25 protein domain. The effectiveness of these modulators largely depends on their ability to interact with specific amino acids, notably Phe890 and Tyr884. This interaction is crucial for influencing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between RAS and the catalytic domain of SOS1. Currently, most small molecule modulators targeting SOS1 are in the preclinical research phase, with a few advancing to clinical trials. This progression raises safety concerns, making the assurance of drug safety a primary consideration alongside the enhancement of efficacy in the development of SOS1 modulators. This review encapsulates recent advancements in the chemical categorization of SOS1 inhibitors and activators. It delves into the evolution of small molecule modulation targeting SOS1 and offers perspectives on the design of future generations of selective SOS1 small molecule modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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42
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Wang L, Han C, Cai C, Wu J, Chen J, Su C. Identification of immune-related gene signature for non-small cell lung cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26974. [PMID: 38463866 PMCID: PMC10923664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the established protocol for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This work aimed to identify the immune-related gene signature that can predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving ICI treatment. Methods The ImmPort database was queried to obtain a list of immune-related genes (IRGs). Differentially expressed IRGs in NSCLC patients were identified using the TCGA database. RNA-seq data and clinical information from NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy were obtained from the GEO database (GSE93157 and ////). A gene signature was generated through multivariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses. The prognostic value and function of this gene signature were thoroughly investigated using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses. Results A total of 6 prognostic-related genes were identified from 617 differentially expressed genes, and two prognostic-related differentially expressed genes (CAMP and IL17A) were determined to construct gene signature. Our gene signature demonstrated superior performance compared to other clinicopathological parameters in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.812. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis indicated that the high-risk group was enriched with resting CD4 T cell memory, while the low-risk group showed a "hot" tumor microenvironment that promotes anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC patients. Conclusion Gene signatures based on immune-related genes exhibited excellent indicator performance of prognosis and immune infiltration, which has the potential to be an effective biomarker for NSCLC with ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chaonan Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chenlei Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
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Ozeki H, Shimada Y, Nakano M, Kondo S, Ohashi R, Miwa Y, Yamai D, Matsumoto A, Abe K, Tajima Y, Ichikawa H, Sakata J, Takii Y, Sugai M, Nagai T, Ling Y, Okuda S, Wakai T. Mucin phenotype and genetic alterations in non-V600E BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2024; 145:71-79. [PMID: 38423222 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through stepwise accumulation of genetic alterations and progresses via several distinct pathways. However, the tumorigenesis of CRCs with BRAF non-V600E mutations remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the tumorigenesis of CRCs with BRAF non-V600E mutations, focusing on differences in mucin phenotype and genetic alterations between CRCs with non-V600E and V600E mutations. We investigated 201 patients with CRC and performed panel testing of 415 genes to identify BRAF mutations. Patients were classified into five mucin phenotypes - large-intestinal, small-intestinal, gastric, mixed, and unclassified - using immunohistochemistry for CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. BRAF mutations were identified in 24 of 201 patients' samples, of which 13 (6.5%) had a V600E mutation (V600E-mutant) and 11 (5.5%) had non-V600E mutations (non-V600E-mutant). MUC5AC expression was significantly associated with V600E mutations (P = 0.040), while CD10 expression was significantly associated with non-V600E mutations (P = 0.010). The small-intestinal mucin phenotype was significantly associated with non-V600E mutations (P = 0.031), while the mixed mucin phenotype was significantly associated with V600E mutations (P = 0.027). Regarding genetic alterations, focusing on the WNT signaling pathway, APC mutation was significantly associated with non-V600E mutations (P < 0.001), while RNF43 mutation was significantly associated with V600E mutations (P = 0.020). Considering the differences in mucin phenotype and genetic alterations, different modes of tumorigenesis are assumed for CRC with BRAF V600E mutation and non-V600E mutations. These findings are important in understanding the biology and treatment strategies for BRAF-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Ozeki
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan; Medical Genome Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan.
| | - Mae Nakano
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan; Medical Genome Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yamato Miwa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Abe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Takii
- Department of Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan
| | - Mika Sugai
- Division of Medical Technology, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8518, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Center for Genomic Data Management, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Yiwei Ling
- Medical AI Center/Bioinformatics Laboratory, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Medical AI Center/Bioinformatics Laboratory, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan; Center for Genomic Data Management, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan; Medical Genome Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan.
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Yadav N, Tripathi S, Sangwan NS. Phyto-therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera: Molecular mechanism and health implications. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1695-1714. [PMID: 38318763 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera, the plant named Indian ginseng, Ashwagandha, or winter cherry, has been used since ancient times to cure various health ailments. Withania somnifera is rich in constituents belonging to chemical classes like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and withanolides. Several chemotypes were identified based on their phytochemical composition and credited for their multiple bioactivities. Besides, exhibiting neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, anti-stress, bone health, plant has shown promising anti-cancer properties. Several withanolides have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer; they target cancer cells by different mechanisms such as modulating the expression of tumor suppressor genes, apoptosis, telomerase expression, and regulating cell signaling pathway. Though, many treatments are available for cancer; however, to date, no assured reliable cure for cancer is made available. Additionally, synthetic drugs may lead to development of resistance in time; therefore, focus on new and natural drugs for cancer therapeutics may prove a longtime effective alternative. This current report is a comprehensive combined analysis upto 2023 with articles focused on bio-activities of plant Withania somnifera from various sources, including national and international government sources. This review focuses on understanding of various mechanisms and pathways to inhibit uncontrolled cell growth by W. somnifera bioactives, as reported in literature. This review provides a recent updated status of the W. somnifera on pharmacological properties in general and anti-cancer in particular and may provide a guiding resource for researchers associated with natural product-based cancer research and healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | | | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
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Unat B. The Rat Sarcoma Virus (RAS) Family of Proteins in Sarcomas. Cureus 2024; 16:e57082. [PMID: 38681356 PMCID: PMC11052699 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The rat sarcoma virus (RAS) protein family plays a crucial role in facilitating communication both within and between cells, thereby governing fundamental cellular processes such as growth, survival, and differentiation. The RAS family comprises four members of small GTPases, namely Harvey RAS (H-RAS), Kirsten RAS (K-RAS, two splice variants, 4A and 4B), and Neuroblastoma RAS (N-RAS), and these are encoded by three cellular RAS genes. Mutations in these genes play a significant role in cancer development and progression. Accordingly, here we review and discuss currently available literature about the fate and function of the RAS family of proteins in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beytullah Unat
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Gaziantep City Hospital, Gaziantep, TUR
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Bhatia V, Esmati L, Bhullar RP. Regulation of Ras p21 and RalA GTPases activity by quinine in mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:567-577. [PMID: 37131040 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quinine, a bitter compound, can act as an agonist to activate the family of bitter taste G protein-coupled receptor family of proteins. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that quinine causes activation of RalA, a Ras p21-related small G protein. Ral proteins can be activated directly or indirectly through an alternative pathway that requires Ras p21 activation resulting in the recruitment of RalGDS, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ral. Using normal mammary epithelial (MCF-10A) and non-invasive mammary epithelial (MCF-7) cell lines, we investigated the effect of quinine in regulating Ras p21 and RalA activity. Results showed that in the presence of quinine, Ras p21 is activated in both MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells; however, RalA was inhibited in MCF-10A cells, and no effect was observed in the case of MCF-7 cells. MAP kinase, a downstream effector for Ras p21, was activated in both MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of RalGDS in MCF-10A cells and MCF-7 cells. The expression of RalGDS was higher in MCF-10A cells in comparison to the MCF-7 cells. Although RalGDS was detected in MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells, it did not result in RalA activation upon Ras p21 activation with quinine suggesting that the Ras p21-RalGDS-RalA pathway is not active in the MCF-10A cells. The inhibition of RalA activity in MCF-10A cells due to quinine could be as a result of a direct effect of this bitter compound on RalA. Protein modeling and ligand docking analysis demonstrated that quinine can interact with RalA through the R79 amino acid, which is located in the switch II region loop of the RalA protein. It is possible that quinine causes a conformational change that results in the inhibition of RalA activation even though RalGDS is present in the cell. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) that regulate Ral activity in mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Bhatia
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Laya Esmati
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Rajinder P Bhullar
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada.
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Ci M, Zhao G, Li C, Liu R, Hu X, Pan J, Shen Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Zhang L, Liang P, Cui H. OTUD4 promotes the progression of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating CDK1 and activating MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:179. [PMID: 38429268 PMCID: PMC10907623 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild type (GBM, CNS WHO Grade 4) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with high morbidity, high mortality, and poor patient prognosis. The global burden of GBM is increasing notably due to limited treatment options, drug delivery problems, and the lack of characteristic molecular targets. OTU deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) is a potential predictive factor for several cancers such as breast cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. However, its function in GBM remains unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of OTUD4 is positively associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Moreover, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that OTUD4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Mechanism studies showed that, on the one hand, OTUD4 directly interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and stabilizes CDK1 by removing its K11, K29, and K33-linked polyubiquitination. On the other hand, OTUD4 binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and reduces FGFR1's K6 and K27-linked polyubiquitination, thereby indirectly stabilizing CDK1, ultimately influencing the activation of the downstream MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results revealed that OTUD4 promotes GBM progression via OTUD4-CDK1-MAPK axis, and may be a prospective therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yongsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Rached L, Saleh K, Casiraghi O, Even C. Salivary gland carcinoma: Towards a more personalised approach. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 124:102697. [PMID: 38401478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Salivary Gland carcinomas (SGCs) are rare tumors accounting for less than 1% of all cancers with 21 histologically diverse subtypes. The rarity of the disease presents a challenge for clinicians to conduct large size randomized controlled trials. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the only curative treatment for localized disease, whereas treatments for recurrent and metastatic disease remain more challenging with very disappointing results for chemotherapy. The different histological subtypes harbor various genetic alterations, some pathognomonic with a diagnostic impact for pathologists in confirming a difficult diagnosis and others with therapeutic implications regardless of the histologic subtype. Current international guidelines urge pathologists to identify androgen receptor status, HER-2 expression that could be determined by immunohistochemistry, and TRK status in patients with non-adenoid cystic salivary gland carcinoma that are eligible to initiate a systemic treatment, in order to offer them available targeted therapies or refer them to clinical trials based on their mutational profile. A more advanced molecular profiling by next generation sequencing would offer a larger panel of molecular alterations with possible therapeutic implications such as NOTCH, PI3K, BRAF, MYB, and EGFR. In the following review, we present the most common genetic alterations in SGCs as well as actionable mutations with the latest available data on therapeutic options and upcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Rached
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Khalil Saleh
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Caroline Even
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France.
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Yahya S, Sulaiman MK, Sudhandiran G. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester mediates apoptosis in serum-starved HT29 colon cancer cells through modulation of heat shock proteins and MAPK pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3942. [PMID: 38379263 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers of epithelial origin worldwide, with over 2 million cases detected every year. Emerging evidence suggests a significant increase in the levels of inflammatory and stress-related markers in patients with CRC, indicating that oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation may influence signalling cascades involved in the progression of the disease. However, the precise molecular and cellular basis underlying CRC and their modulations during bioactive compound exposure have not yet been deciphered. This study examines the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural bioactive compound, in HT29 CRC cells grown under serum-supplemented and serum-deprived conditions. We found that CAPE inhibited cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Migration assay confirmed that CAPE repressed cancer invasiveness. Protein localisation by immunofluorescence microscopy and protein expression by western blot analysis reveal increased expressions of key inflammatory signalling mediators such as p38α, Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) proteins. Molecular docking data demonstrates that CAPE shows a higher docking score of -5.35 versus -4.59 to known p38 inhibitor SB203580 as well as a docking score of -4.17 versus -3.86 to known ERK1/2 inhibitor AZD0364. Co-immunoprecipitation data reveals that CAPE treatment effectively downregulates heat shock protein (HSP) expression in both sera-supplemented and limited conditions through its interaction with mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14). These results suggest that stress induction via serum starvation in HT29 CRC cells leads to the induction of apoptosis and co-ordinated activation of MAPK-HSP pathways. Molecular docking studies support that CAPE could serve as an effective inhibitor to target p38 and MAPK compared to their currently known inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showket Yahya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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50
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Kim SH, Jang YA, Kwon YJ. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Leaf Essential Oil. Molecules 2024; 29:1117. [PMID: 38474629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. (C. obtusa) belongs to the Cupressaceae family and is native to East Asian regions. Essential oils extracted from the leaves, bark, branches, and roots of C. obtusa have both aesthetic and medicinal properties and are thus widely used. However, detailed analyses of the active ingredients of C. obtusa extract are lacking. In this study, the sabinene content in the hydro-distillation of C. obtusa leaf essential oil (COD) was analyzed using GC-MS, and the anti-inflammatory effect of COD was compared with that of pure sabinene. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, and nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess reagent. Relative mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR and western blot, and secreted cytokines were analyzed using a cytokine array kit. The results showed that both COD and sabinene inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. COD and sabinene also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-27, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of COD and sabinene partially overlap, as COD was shown to inhibit MAPKs and the JAK/STAT axis, and sabinene inhibited MAPKs, thereby preventing LPS-induced macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Jang
- Division of Cosmetic Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kwon
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
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