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Asgharzadeh F, Memarzia A, Alikhani V, Beigoli S, Boskabady MH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Key regulators of tumor progression and growth. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102039. [PMID: 38917593 PMCID: PMC11254173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main causes of death on the globe is cancer. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which are important in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Activation of PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses or promotes tumor development depending on the specific tissues or ligands, the mechanism is still unclear. PPARs are receiving interest as possible therapeutic targets for a number of disorders. Numerous clinical studies are being conducted on PPARs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer. Therefore, this review will focus on the existing and future uses of PPARs agonists and antagonists in treating malignancies. PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched regarding the effect of PPARs on various types of cancers until the end of May 2023. The results of the review articles showed the therapeutic influence of PPARs on a wide range of cancer on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be conducted on the influence of PPARs on various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Alikhani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Rabbani SA, El-Tanani M, Matalka II, Rangraze IR, Aljabali AAA, Khan MA, Tambuwala MM. Tirzepatide: unveiling a new dawn in dual-targeted diabetes and obesity management. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39194153 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2395540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incretin-based therapies have emerged as effective treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. However, not all patients achieve optimal outcomes with existing treatments, highlighting the need for more effective solutions. AREAS COVERED We present a comprehensive evaluation of Tirzepatide (TZP), a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GIP/GLP-1) receptor agonist, for managing obesity and T2D. We conducted a systematic search of Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 2024. The focus of the review is on the development and therapeutic potential of TZP, with detailed exploration on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety. Furthermore, it reviews TZP's impacts on glycemic control, weight management, and its potential cardiovascular (CV) benefits. EXPERT OPINION TZP represents a significant advancement in the dual-targeted approach to treating T2D and obesity. Its unique mechanism of action offers superior efficacy in reducing glycemic levels and body weight compared to existing therapies. New data suggesting improvements in CV outcomes indicate that TZP could set a new standard in the treatment paradigm. While long-term data on efficacy and safety are still forthcoming, current evidence positions TZP as a promising option for patients who have not reached their therapeutic goals with existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Arman Rabbani
- RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ismail I Matalka
- RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Imran Rashid Rangraze
- Internal Medicine Department, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Baldwin T, Clayton P, Rutherford T, Heales S, Eaton S. SH-SY5Y cells undergo changes in peroxisomal metabolism when exposed to decanoic acid. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39018358 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), particularly decanoic acid (C10) and octanoic acid (C8), have garnered attention in recent years for their potential antiepileptic properties. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that C10 targets the PPARγ nuclear receptor, increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase and thereby possibly modulating peroxisomal content. Here, we examined markers of peroxisomal content and activity in response to C10 and C8 exposure in neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y were treated with 250 mM C10 or C8 for a period of 6 days. Following this, biochemical markers of peroxisomal content and function were assessed, including acyl-coA oxidase activity, peroxisomal gene expression and peroxisomal VLCFA β-oxidation. Our findings revealed that C10 treatment augments acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOx1) activity by 129% in comparison to control cells. An exploration into genes related to peroxisomal biosynthesis showed 23% increased expression of PEX11α upon C10 exposure, implying peroxisomal proliferation. Furthermore, it was observed that C10 exposure not only elevated ACOx1 activity but also enhanced peroxisomal β-oxidation of docosanoic acid (C22). Our findings bolster the premise that C10 functions as a peroxisome proliferator, influencing peroxisomal content and function. Further investigations are required to fully understand the mechanistic details as to how this may be beneficial in epilepsy and the potential implications with regards to peroxisomal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Baldwin
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Simon Heales
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Oo TT, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn K, Siri-Angkul N, Choovuthayakorn J, Charumporn T, Ongnok B, Arunsak B, Chunchai T, Kongkaew A, Songtrai S, Kaewsuwan S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Cyclosorus Terminans Extract Alleviates Neuroinflammation in Insulin Resistant Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4879-4890. [PMID: 38148371 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption for an extended period causes obesity, systemic metabolic disturbance, and brain insulin resistance, resulting in neuroinflammation. Although the beneficial effect of Cyclosorus terminans extract on obesity-related insulin resistance has been demonstrated, little is known about how it affects neuroinflammation and brain insulin resistance in obese rats. Male Wistar rats were given either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 24) for a total of 14 weeks. At the beginning of the week, 13 rats in the ND group were given vehicle orally for 2 weeks, while rats on HFD diets were randomized to one of four groups and given either vehicle, 100 mg/kg/day of Cyclosorus terminans extract, 200 mg/kg/day of Cyclosorus terminans extract, or 20 mg/kg/day of pioglitazone orally for 2 weeks. After the experimental period, blood and brain samples were taken to assess metabolic and brain parameters. HFD-fed rats had obesity, systemic and brain insulin resistance, brain inflammation, microglial and astrocyte hyperactivity, and brain necroptosis. Treatment with 200 mg/kg/day of Cyclosorus terminans extract and pioglitazone equally attenuated obesity, insulin resistance, brain insulin dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in insulin resistant rats. Our findings suggest that Cyclosorus terminans extract may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for insulin resistance and neuroinflammation in obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thura Tun Oo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kenneth Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthapat Siri-Angkul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirachaya Choovuthayakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Charumporn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sujinda Songtrai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sireewan Kaewsuwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Conroy C, Radulescu A, Attia SL, Shelman N, Lee JT, Monticelli RG, Hall S, Kohli R, Softic S. The combined pioglitazone and topiramate therapy for management of pediatric patients with severe MASLD. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:252-259. [PMID: 38726916 PMCID: PMC11379251 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_428_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis in adult and pediatric patients. Adolescents with severe MASLD can demonstrate a more aggressive disease phenotype as they more commonly develop liver fibrosis than BMI matched adults. Therefore, MASLD is the fastest growing indication for liver transplants in young adults. METHODS Pioglitazone has been shown to improve liver histology in adult patients with MASLD, and in some studies, it attenuated liver fibrosis. Despite its perceived efficacy, pioglitazone is not widely used, likely due to its side effect profile, specifically increased weight gain. Topiramate lowers body weight in adolescents and in combination with phentermine, is one of the few FDA-approved medications for the management of obesity in children over 12 years of age. We performed a retrospective review of the outcomes in pediatric patients with severe MASLD, treated with the combined pioglitazone and topiramate therapy. RESULTS Here, we report a case series of seven adolescents with severe MASLD and ≥F2 liver fibrosis treated with the combined pioglitazone and topiramate therapy. The combined therapy improved mean serum ALT from 165 ± 80 U/L to 89 ± 62 U/L after 12 months mean duration of treatment. One patient who completed 24 months of the combined therapy demonstrated a decrease in liver stiffness from 8.9 kPa to 5.6 kPa, as assessed by FibroScan elastography. There was a significant increase in body weight during this time, however, body mass index as a percentage of the 95 th percentile adjusted for age and gender did not increase significantly, 151 ± 29% vs. 152 ± 28%. Moreover, waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, percent body fat, and muscle mass were not significantly different before and after treatment. Serum lipid levels and hemoglobin A1c also did not change with the treatment. CONCLUSION In summary, this case series provides encouraging results about the efficacy of the combined pioglitazone and topiramate therapy for the management of adolescents with severe MASLD, which should be further explored in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callen Conroy
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aurelia Radulescu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Suzanna L Attia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nathan Shelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James T Lee
- Abdominal and Emergency Radiology Divisions, Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Galuppo Monticelli
- Department of Radiology-Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sara Hall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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6
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Raggi P, Milic J, Manicardi M, Cinque F, Swain MG, Sebastiani G, Guaraldi G. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An opportunity for collaboration between cardiology and hepatology. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117523. [PMID: 38522165 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Altered metabolic function has many detrimental effects on the body that can manifest as cardiovascular and liver diseases. Traditional approaches to understanding and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated disorders have been organ-centered, leading to silo-type disease care. However, given the broad impact that systemic metabolic dysfunction has on the human body, approaches that simultaneously involve multiple medical specialists need to be developed and encouraged to optimize patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight how several of the treatments developed for cardiac care may have a beneficial effect on the liver and vice versa, suggesting that there is a need to target the disease process, rather than specifically target the cardiovascular or liver specific sequelae of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Raggi
- Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jovana Milic
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marcella Manicardi
- Cardiology Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Felice Cinque
- SC-Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark G Swain
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Chen LC, Senna MM. Response to Bhoyrul B., "The treatment of primary cicatricial alopecia is challenging". J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:e185-e186. [PMID: 38224915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Maryanne M Senna
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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8
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Zhang J, Ma B, Wang Z, Chen Y, Li C, Dong Y. Extracellular vesicle therapy for obesity-induced NAFLD: a comprehensive review of current evidence. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38195552 PMCID: PMC10775587 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a chronic disease especially in Western countries, is still a tough question in the clinical therapy. With the rising prevalence of various chronic diseases, liver transplantation is expected to be the most common therapy after the next 10 years. However, there is still no approved drug for NAFLD, and targeted therapy for NAFLD is urgent. Exosomes as a kind of extracellular vesicle are cell-derived nanovesicles, which play an essential role in intercellular communication. Due to complex cell-cell interactions in the liver, exosomes as therapeutic drugs or drug delivery vesicles may be involved in physiological or pathological processes in NAFLD. Compared with other nanomaterials, exosomes as a cell-free therapy, are not dependent on cell number limitation, which means can be administered safely in high doses. Apart from this, exosomes with the advantages of being low-toxic, high stability, and low-immunological are chosen for targeted therapy for many diseases. In this review, firstly we introduced the extracellular vesicles, including the biogenesis, composition, isolation and characterization, and fundamental function of extracellular vesicles. And then we discussed the modification of extracellular vesicles, cargo packing, and artificial exosomes. Finally, the extracellular vesicles for the therapies of NAFLD are summarized. Moreover, we highlight therapeutic approaches using exosomes in the clinical treatment of NAFLD, which provide valuable insights into targeting NAFLD in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baochen Ma
- China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengzhong Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Fendrych K, Górska-Ratusznik A, Smajdor J. Electrochemical Assays for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs-A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:10. [PMID: 38276837 PMCID: PMC10820374 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding electrochemical methods for determining the active substances within drugs that are used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electrochemical methods of analysis, due to their sensitivity and easiness, are a great alternative to other, usually more expensive analytical assays. The determination of active substances mentioned in this review is based on oxidation or reduction processes on the surface of the working electrode. A wide variety of working electrodes, often modified with materials such as nanoparticles or conducting polymers, have been used for the highly sensitive analysis of antidiabetic drugs. The presented assays allow us to determine the compounds of interest in various samples, such as pharmaceutical products or different human bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Fendrych
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Górska-Ratusznik
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska St., 30-418 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Smajdor
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
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Liu J, Li X, Wang H, Ren Y, Li Y, Guo F. Bavachinin selectively modulates PPAR γ and maintains bone homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4457-4472. [PMID: 37308719 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Full peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), effectively prevent the process of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), but their side effects have curtailed use in the clinic, including weight gain and bone loss. Here, we identified that a selective PPAR γ modulator, Bavachinin (BVC), isolated from the seeds of Psoralea Corylifolia L., could potently regulate bone homeostasis. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells and C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells were assessed for osteogenic differentiation activities, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW 264.7 cells were assessed osteoclasts formation. Leptin receptor-deficient mice and diet-induced obesity mice were applied to evaluate the effect of BVC on bone homeostasis in vivo. Compared to full PPAR γ agonist rosiglitazone, BVC significantly increased the osteogenesis differentiation activities under normal and high glucose conditions in MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, BVC could alleviate osteoclast differentiation in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, synthesized BVC prodrug (BN) has been applied to improve water solubility, increase the extent of oral absorption of BVC and prolong its residence time in blood circulation. BN could prevent weight gain, ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain bone mass and bone biomechanical properties. BVC, a unique PPAR γ selective modulator, could maintain bone homeostasis, and its prodrug (BN) exhibits insulin sensitizer activity while circumventing the side effects of the TZDs, including bone loss and undesirable weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ren
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Fu X, Guo Z, Yang Y, Kang K, Zhang W, Tian L, Wu Y, Xin S, Liu H. Effects of first-line antidiabetic drugs on the improvement of arterial stiffness: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Diabetes 2023; 15:685-698. [PMID: 37165762 PMCID: PMC10415870 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in vascular function are closely associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a potential indicator of vascular dysfunction; it allows noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness. Currently, evidence for the effects of different classes of antidiabetic drugs on arterial stiffness remains limited. In this study, a network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to explore the associations between changes in arterial stiffness and first-line antidiabetic drugs by evaluating PWV in patients with different metabolic abnormalities. METHODS We systematically searched several electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception until 25 August 2022, without language restrictions. The primary outcome was the change in PWV (ΔPWV) in all included studies; subgroup analysis was performed for patients with abnormal glucose metabolism, including prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. NMA was performed to calculate the mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as effect sizes to evaluate the ΔPWV. RESULTS Among the 2257 candidate articles identified in the initial search, 18 RCTs were eventually included in the analysis. In all studies, two classes of new antidiabetic drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and sSodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, improved arterial stiffness by decreasing PWV compared with placebo (MD = -1.11, 95% CI: -1.94 to 0.28) and (MD = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.45 to -0.08). A conventional antidiabetic drug, metformin, also showed similar efficacy compared with placebo (MD = -0.73, 95% CI: -1.33 to -0.12). Finally, in subgroup studies of patients with abnormal glucose metabolism diseases, GLP-1R agonists (MD = -1.06, 95% CI: -2.05 to -0.10) significantly decreased PWV compared with placebo. CONCLUSION Three classes of antidiabetic drugs-GLP-1R agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and metformin-have the potential to improve arterial stiffness. Among the six classes of antidiabetic drugs analyzed, GLP-1R agonists constitute the only class of drugs that improves arterial stiffness in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Department of EpidemiologyThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yueheng Wang
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosisThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yu Li
- Department of General Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosisThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosisThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- Department of EndocrinologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiqin Guo
- Cardiovascular departmentThe First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Yang
- Cardiovascular departmentThe First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kaining Kang
- Department of Geriatric DiseasesHandan Central HospitalHandanChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric DiseasesHandan Central HospitalHandanChina
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Geriatric DiseasesHandan Central HospitalHandanChina
| | - Yanqiang Wu
- Department of Geriatric DiseasesHandan Central HospitalHandanChina
| | - Shuanli Xin
- Department of CardiologyFirst Hospital of Handan CityHandanChina
| | - Hongzhou Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Hospital of Handan CityHandanChina
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12
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Mourougavelou V, Chowdhury TA. Management of hyperglycaemia in people with obesity. Clin Med (Lond) 2023; 23:364-371. [PMID: 38614651 PMCID: PMC10541039 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are closely interlinked. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and appears to be an important risk factor for diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications. Management of hyperglycaemia in people with diabetes is important to reduce diabetes-related complications. Previously, there was a significant tension between management of hyperglycaemia and mitigating weight gain. Older drugs, such as sulfonylureas, glitazones, and insulin, although effective antihyperglycaemic agents, tend to induce weight gain. There is now an increasing recognition in people with obesity and diabetes that the focus should be on aiding weight loss, initially with improvements in diet and physical activity, possibly with the use of low-calorie diet programmes. Subsequent addition of metformin and newer agents, such as sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, will aid glucose control and weight reduction, and offer cardiovascular and renal protection. These drugs are now much higher in the therapeutic pathway in many national and international guidelines. Bariatric surgery may also be an effective way to manage hyperglycaemia or induce remission in individuals with both obesity and diabetes.
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13
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Chen YT, Li J, Chang JN, Luo YC, Yu W, Chen LC, Yang JM. Transcriptomic analysis of World Trade Center particulate Matter-induced pulmonary inflammation and drug treatments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:108027. [PMID: 37321070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over 400,000 people are estimated to have been exposed to World Trade Center particulate matter (WTCPM) since the attack on the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan on September 11, 2001. Epidemiological studies have found that exposure to dust may cause respiratory ailments and cardiovascular diseases. However, limited studies have performed a systematic analysis of transcriptomic data to elucidate the biological responses to WTCPM exposure and the therapeutic options. Here, we developed an in vivo mouse exposure model of WTCPM and administered two drugs (i.e., rosoxacin and dexamethasone) to generate transcriptomic data from lung samples. WTCPM exposure increased the inflammation index, and this index was significantly reduced by both drugs. We analyzed the transcriptomics derived omics data using a hierarchical systems biology model (HiSBiM) with four levels, including system, subsystem, pathway, and gene analyses. Based on the selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from each group, WTCPM and the two drugs commonly affected the inflammatory responses, consistent with the inflammation index. Among these DEGs, the expression of 31 genes was affected by WTCPM exposure and consistently reversed by the two drugs, and these genes included Psme2, Cldn18, and Prkcd, which are involved in immune- and endocrine-related subsystems and pathways such as thyroid hormone synthesis, antigen processing and presentation, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Furthermore, the two drugs reduced the inflammatory effects of WTCPM through distinct pathways, e.g., vascular-associated signaling by rosoxacin, whereas mTOR-dependent inflammatory signaling was found to be regulated by dexamethasone. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first investigation of transcriptomics data of WTCPM and an exploration of potential therapies. We believe that these findings provide strategies for the development of promising optional interventions and therapies for airborne particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ti Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jen-Ning Chang
- Degree Program of Applied Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wuyue Yu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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14
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Londhe O, Sanjay Mane S, Umesh Hirlekar B, Subbevarapu A, Elsa Viju A, Dixit VA, Dengale SJ. In vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico investigation of physicochemical interactions between pioglitazone and rifampicin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00120-0. [PMID: 37172696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a possibility of in-situ physicochemical interactions between concomitantly administered drugs. This study aimed to investigate such physicochemical interactions between pioglitazone and rifampicin. Pioglitazone exhibited significantly higher dissolution in the presence of rifampicin, while the dissolution of rifampicin remained unaffected. The solid-state characterization of precipitates recovered after pH-shift dissolution experiments revealed the conversion of pioglitazone into an amorphous form in the presence of rifampicin. The Density Function Theory (DFT) calculations showed the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between rifampicin and pioglitazone. In-situ conversion of pioglitazone in amorphous form and subsequent supersaturation of GIT milieu translated into significantly higher in-vivo exposure of pioglitazone and its metabolites (M-III and M-IV) in Wistar rats. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the possibility of physicochemical interactions between concomitantly administered drugs. Our findings may be beneficial in tailoring the dose of concomitantly administered drugs, particularly for chronic conditions that entail polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Londhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Sayalee Sanjay Mane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Bhakti Umesh Hirlekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Ajay Subbevarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Anjana Elsa Viju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Vaibhav A Dixit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India.
| | - Swapnil J Dengale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India.
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15
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Ha J, Choi DW, Kim KJ, Kim KY, Nam CM, Kim E. Pioglitazone Use and Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus With a History of Ischemic Stroke. Neurology 2023; 100:e1799-e1811. [PMID: 36792375 PMCID: PMC10136019 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies have reported the protective effect of pioglitazone on dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have shown that pioglitazone also lowers the risk of primary and recurrent stroke. Understanding the characteristics of patients particularly associated with the benefits of pioglitazone would facilitate its personalized use by specifying subpopulations during routine clinical care. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pioglitazone use on dementia in consideration of stroke occurrence. METHODS Using nationwide longitudinal data of patients with DM from the Korean National Health Insurance Service DM cohort (2002-2017), we investigated the association of pioglitazone use with incident dementia in patients with new-onset type 2 DM. The heterogeneity of the treatment effect was examined using exploratory analyses. Using a multistate model, we assessed the extent to which incident stroke affects the association between pioglitazone use and dementia. RESULTS Pioglitazone use was associated with a reduced risk of dementia, compared with nonuse (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.95); the risk reduction in dementia was greater among patients with a history of ischemic heart disease or stroke before DM onset (aHR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.90; aHR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.86, respectively). The incidence of stroke was also reduced by pioglitazone use (aHR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-1.00). However, when the stroke developed during the observation period of pioglitazone use, such lowered risk of dementia was not observed (aHR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.80-2.04). DISCUSSION Pioglitazone use is associated with a lower risk of dementia in patients with DM, particularly in those with a history of stroke or ischemic heart disease, suggesting the possibility of applying a personalized approach when choosing pioglitazone to suppress dementia in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Ha
- From the Department of Psychiatry (J.H., K.Y.K., E.K.), Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, and Division of Geriatrics (K.J.K.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine (C.M.N.), and Graduate School of Medical Science (E.K.), Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Big Data Center (D.-W.C.), National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; and Department of Psychiatry (K.Y.K.), Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Choi
- From the Department of Psychiatry (J.H., K.Y.K., E.K.), Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, and Division of Geriatrics (K.J.K.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine (C.M.N.), and Graduate School of Medical Science (E.K.), Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Big Data Center (D.-W.C.), National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; and Department of Psychiatry (K.Y.K.), Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- From the Department of Psychiatry (J.H., K.Y.K., E.K.), Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, and Division of Geriatrics (K.J.K.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine (C.M.N.), and Graduate School of Medical Science (E.K.), Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Big Data Center (D.-W.C.), National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; and Department of Psychiatry (K.Y.K.), Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keun You Kim
- From the Department of Psychiatry (J.H., K.Y.K., E.K.), Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, and Division of Geriatrics (K.J.K.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine (C.M.N.), and Graduate School of Medical Science (E.K.), Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Big Data Center (D.-W.C.), National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; and Department of Psychiatry (K.Y.K.), Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- From the Department of Psychiatry (J.H., K.Y.K., E.K.), Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, and Division of Geriatrics (K.J.K.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine (C.M.N.), and Graduate School of Medical Science (E.K.), Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Big Data Center (D.-W.C.), National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; and Department of Psychiatry (K.Y.K.), Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eosu Kim
- From the Department of Psychiatry (J.H., K.Y.K., E.K.), Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, and Division of Geriatrics (K.J.K.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine (C.M.N.), and Graduate School of Medical Science (E.K.), Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Big Data Center (D.-W.C.), National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; and Department of Psychiatry (K.Y.K.), Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Rehman HU, Kakar AUR, Yaqoob M, Asghar M, Saeed Ahmed S, Nisa KU. Determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride by flow injection chemiluminescence tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-silver(III) complex system. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:99-108. [PMID: 36494159 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) approach is proposed for the assay of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PG-HCl) based on its enhancing influence on the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-silver(III) complex (Ru(bipy)3 2+ -DPA) CL system in sulfuric acid medium. The possible CL reaction mechanism is discussed with CL and ultraviolet (UV) spectra. The optimum experimental conditions were found as: Ru(bipy)3 2+ , 5.0 × 10-5 M; sulfuric acid, 1.0 × 10-3 M; diperiodatoargentate(III) (DPA), 1.0 × 10-4 M; potassium hydroxide, 1.0 × 10-3 M; flow rate 4.0 ml min-1 for each flow stream and sample loop volume, 180 μl. The CL intensity of PG-HCl was linear in the range of 1.0 × 10-3 to 5.0 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.9998, n = 10) with limit of detection [LOD, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3] of 2.2 × 10-4 mg L-1 , limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) of 6.7 × 10-4 mg L-1 , relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.0 to 3.3% and sampling rate of 106 h-1 . The methodology was satisfactorily used to quantify PG-HCl in pharmaceutical tablets with recoveries ranging from 93.17 to 102.77 and RSD from 1.9 to 2.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ur Rehman
- Baluchistan Residential College Turbat, Kech, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammed Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Syed Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Khair Un Nisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
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17
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Understanding NAFLD: From Case Identification to Interventions, Outcomes, and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030687. [PMID: 36771394 PMCID: PMC9921401 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and frequent cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, it is also strongly associated with cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality, likely driven by its associations with insulin resistance and other manifestations of metabolic dysregulation. However, few satisfactory pharmacological treatments are available for NAFLD due in part to its complex pathophysiology, and challenges remain in stratifying individual patient's risk for liver and cardiovascular disease related outcomes. In this review, we describe the development and progression of NAFLD, including its pathophysiology and outcomes. We also describe different tools for identifying patients with NAFLD who are most at risk of liver-related and cardiovascular-related complications, as well as current and emerging treatment options, and future directions for research.
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18
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McClelland TJ, Fowler AJ, Davies TW, Pearse R, Prowle J, Puthucheary Z. Can pioglitazone be used for optimization of nutrition in critical illness? A systematic review. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:459-475. [PMID: 36700419 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting is a determinant of physical disability in survivors of critical illness. Intramuscular bioenergetic failure, altered substrate metabolim, and inflammation are likely underpinning mechanisms. We examined the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, on muscle-related outcomes in adults. METHODS We included randomized controlled trials in which pioglitazone was administered (no dose/dosage restrictions) and muscle-related outcomes were reported. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, and trial registries. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2. Primary outcomes were physical function and symptoms, muscle mass and function, or body composition and muscular compositional change. Secondary outcomes included muscle insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial effects, and intramuscular inflammation. RESULTS Fourteen studies over 19 publications (n = 474 patients) were included. Lean body mass was unaffected in three studies (n = 126) and increased by 1.8-1.92 kg in two studies (P = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively; n = 48). Pioglitazone was associated with increased peripheral insulin sensitivity (+23%-72%, standardized mean difference of 0.97 from trial start point to end point [95% CI, 0.36-1.58; n = 213]). Treatment reduced intramuscular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (-30%; P = 0.02; n = 29), with mixed effects on serum TNF-α and intramyocellular lipid concentrations. Treatment increased intramuscular markers of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis (ATP5A [+33%, P ≤ 0.05], ETFA [+60%, P ≤ 0.05], and CX6B1 [+ 33%, P = 0.01] [n = 24]), PGC1α and PGC1β messenger RNA expression (P < 0.05; n = 26), and AMPK phosphorylation (+38%, P < 0.05; n = 26). These data have low-quality evidence profiles owing to risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone therapy increases skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and can decrease intramuscular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McClelland
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander J Fowler
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas W Davies
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rupert Pearse
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - John Prowle
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zudin Puthucheary
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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19
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Turosz N, Chęcińska K, Chęciński M, Kamińska M, Nowak Z, Sikora M, Chlubek D. A Scoping Review of the Use of Pioglitazone in the Treatment of Temporo-Mandibular Joint Arthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416518. [PMID: 36554400 PMCID: PMC9779153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a group of diabetes medications currently being investigated for anti-arthritis effectiveness, one of which is pioglitazone. The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the potential use of pioglitazone in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis. The criteria of eligibility were studies with the diagnosis of arthritis and pioglitazone treatment with a change in any inflammation index as an outcome. Of the 1169 records initially identified following the selection process, two animal studies and four clinical studies were included in the review. Improvements from the baseline were observed in each treatment group for each inflammation indicator. The results of the animal studies on the temporomandibular joints and on patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis indicate that the drug in question may have potential to treat arthritis, including within the temporomandibular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Turosz
- Ortomania, Bartosza Głowackiego 6/1, 30-085 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Chęcińska
- Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Chęciński
- Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Kamińska
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, aleja IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowak
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Traugutta sq.2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Sikora
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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20
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Demidowich AP, Batty K, Zilbermint M. Instituting a Successful Discharge Plan for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Solutions. Diabetes Spectr 2022; 35:440-451. [PMID: 36561646 PMCID: PMC9668725 DOI: 10.2337/dsi22-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Achieving target inpatient glycemic management outcomes has been shown to influence important clinical outcomes such as hospital length of stay and readmission rates. However, arguably the most profound, lasting impact of inpatient diabetes management is achieved at the time of discharge-namely reconciling and prescribing the right medications and making referrals for follow-up. Discharge planning offers a unique opportunity to break through therapeutic inertia, offer diabetes self-management education, and institute an individualized treatment plan that prepares the patient for discharge and promotes self-care and engagement. However, the path to a successful discharge plan can be fraught with potential pitfalls for clinicians, including lack of knowledge and experience with newer diabetes medications, costs, concerns over insurance coverage, and lack of time and resources. This article presents an algorithm to assist clinicians in selecting discharge regimens that maximize benefits and reduce barriers to self-care for patients and a framework for creating an interdisciplinary hospital diabetes discharge program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Demidowich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians at Howard County General Hospital, Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Columbia, MD
| | - Kristine Batty
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians at Howard County General Hospital, Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Columbia, MD
| | - Mihail Zilbermint
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians at Suburban Hospital, Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Koullias ES, Koskinas J. Pharmacotherapy for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:965-971. [PMID: 36304499 PMCID: PMC9547270 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 commonly coexist as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The presence of diabetes promotes the progression of simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, and the presence of NAFLD increases the risk of diabetic complications. This coexistence affects a large part of the population, imposing a great burden on health care systems worldwide. Apart from diet modification and exercise, recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes offer new prospects regarding liver steatosis and steatohepatitis improvement, enriching the existing algorithm and supporting a multifaceted approach to diabetic patients with fatty liver disease. These agents mainly include members of the families of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. In addition, agents acting on more than one receptor simultaneously are presently under study, in an attempt to further enhance our available options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil S. Koullias
- Correspondence to: Emmanouil S. Koullias, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ampelokipoi, Athens, Greece. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-7123. Tel: +69-4-5631-395, E-mail:
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22
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Geng W, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhao J, Wang J, Jia L, Wang Y. Identification of a novel probiotic and its protective effects on NAFLD via modulating gut microbial community. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4620-4628. [PMID: 35174500 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common progressive liver diseases. Therapeutic strategy based on gut-liver axis and probiotics is a promising approach for the treatment of NAFLD. However, rare probiotics have been applied in NAFLD treatment, and the involved molecular mechanism is not entirely clear. RESULTS We initially identified a novel functional probiotic, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3, on the lipid deposition by a simple and rapid zebrafish model. Supplementation with ZW3 to the methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet induced NAFLD rats could improve the liver impairments and reduce inflammation through TLR4-MyD88 and JNK signaling pathways. Moreover, ZW3 modulated gut microbiota by promoting relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreasing the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides. Functional prediction of microbiome showed ZW3 presented potential enhancement on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell process control and signal transduction processes, and reduced several human diseases. CONCLUSION This present study identified a novel probiotic and its protective effects on NAFLD, and interpreted the interactions of ZW3 with the immune system and gut microbiota involved in gut-liver axis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingnan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinju Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Longgang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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23
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Katoch S, Sharma V, Patial V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experimental and clinical scenarios. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3535-3554. [PMID: 36161051 PMCID: PMC9372809 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide. Viral hepatitis is a significant risk factor for HCC, although metabolic syndrome and diabetes are more frequently associated with the HCC. With increasing prevalence, there is expected to be > 1 million cases annually by 2025. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish potential therapeutic targets to cure this disease. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the patho-physiology of HCC. Many synthetic agonists of PPARγ suppress HCC in experimental studies and clinical trials. These synthetic agonists have shown promising results by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells and preventing the invasion and metastasis of HCC. However, some synthetic agonists also pose severe side effects in addition to their therapeutic efficacy. Thus natural PPARγ agonists can be an alternative to exploit this potential target for HCC treatment. In this review, the regulatory role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of HCC is elucidated. Furthermore, the experimental and clinical scenario of both synthetic and natural PPARγ agonists against HCC is discussed. Most of the available literature advocates PPARγ as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Katoch
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
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24
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Micro- and Nanosized Carriers for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071706. [PMID: 35885011 PMCID: PMC9313014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) have become a serious health problem worldwide due to the rapid increase in the number of people that are affected and the constantly aging population. Among all NDs, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are the most common, and many efforts have been made in the development of effective and reliable therapeutic strategies. The intranasal route of drug administration offers numerous advantages, such as bypassing the blood–brain barrier and providing a direct entrance to the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal neurons. The present review summarizes the available information on recent advances in micro- and nanoscale nose-to-brain drug-delivery systems as a novel strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, polymer- and lipid-base micro- and nanoparticles have been studied as a feasible approach to increase the brain bioavailability of certain drugs. Furthermore, nanocomposites are discussed as a suitable formulation for administration into the nasal cavity.
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25
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Yiew NKH, Finck BN. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier at the crossroads of intermediary metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E33-E52. [PMID: 35635330 PMCID: PMC9273276 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate metabolism, a central nexus of carbon homeostasis, is an evolutionarily conserved process and aberrant pyruvate metabolism is associated with and contributes to numerous human metabolic disorders including diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. As a product of glycolysis, pyruvate is primarily generated in the cytosol before being transported into the mitochondrion for further metabolism. Pyruvate entry into the mitochondrial matrix is a critical step for efficient generation of reducing equivalents and ATP and for the biosynthesis of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids from pyruvate. However, for many years, the identity of the carrier protein(s) that transported pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix remained a mystery. In 2012, the molecular-genetic identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), a heterodimeric complex composed of protein subunits MPC1 and MPC2, enabled studies that shed light on the many metabolic and physiological processes regulated by pyruvate metabolism. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating pyruvate transport and the processes affected by pyruvate metabolism may enable novel therapeutics to modulate mitochondrial pyruvate flux to treat a variety of disorders. Herein, we review our current knowledge of the MPC, discuss recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in various tissue and cell types, and address some of the outstanding questions relevant to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K H Yiew
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian N Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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26
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Luo M, Liao B, Ma D, Wang J, Wang J, Liu J, Lei X, Cai Y, Tang L, Zhao L, Long S, Yang F, Lei X. Dendrobium nobile-derived polysaccharides ameliorate spermatogenic disorders in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes through regulation of the glycolytic pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:203-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Tao G, Zhang G, Chen W, Yang C, Xue Y, Song G, Qin S. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4113-4123. [PMID: 35734974 PMCID: PMC9279585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide with increasing incidence consistent with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. No approved medication was currently available for NAFLD treatment. Molecular hydrogen (H2), an anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory biomedical agent is proved to exhibit therapeutic and preventive effect in various diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation on NAFLD subjects and explore the mechanism from the perspective of hepatocyte autophagy. We conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of 13‐week hydrogen/oxygen inhalation (China Clinical Trial Registry [#ChiCTR‐IIR‐16009114]) including 43 subjects. We found that inhalation of hydrogen/oxygen improved serum lipid and liver enzymes. Significantly improved liver fat content detected by ultrasound and CT scans after hydrogen/oxygen inhalation was observed in moderate–severe cases. We also performed an animal experiment based on methionine and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet‐induced mice model to investigate effect of hydrogen on mouse NASH. Hydrogen/oxygen inhalation improved systemic inflammation and liver histology. Promoted autophagy was observed in mice inhaled hydrogen/oxygen and treatment with chloroquine blocked the beneficial effect of hydrogen. Moreover, molecular hydrogen inhibited lipid accumulation in AML‐12 cells. Autophagy induced by palmitic acid (PA) incubation was further promoted by 20% hydrogen incubation. Addition of 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) partially blocked the inhibitory effect of hydrogen on intracellular lipid accumulation. Collectively, hydrogen/oxygen inhalation alleviated NAFLD in moderate–severe patients. This protective effect of hydrogen was possibly by activating hepatic autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geru Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.,Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,Department of Medical Technology and Nursing, Laiwu Vocational and Technical College, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.,Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yazhuo Xue
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Guohua Song
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.,Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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28
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Kumari P, Manik M, Bhattacharya K, Dev R, Varshney A. Livogrit Prevents Methionine-Cystine Deficiency Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Modulation of Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Hepatocyte-Derived Spheroid and in Primary Rat Hepatocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10811-10826. [PMID: 35485140 PMCID: PMC9208489 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by fatty liver, oxidative injury, and inflammation, has considerably increased in the recent years. Due to the complexity of NASH pathogenesis, compounds which can target different mechanisms and stages of NASH development are required. A robust screening model with translational capability is also required to develop therapies targeting NASH. In this study, we used HepG2 spheroids and rat primary hepatocytes to evaluate the potency of Livogrit, a tri-herbal Ayurvedic prescription medicine, as a hepatoprotective agent. NASH was developed in the cells via methionine and cystine-deficient cell culture media. Livogrit at concentration of 30 µg/mL was able to prevent NASH development by decreasing lipid accumulation, ROS production, AST release, NFκB activation and increasing lipolysis, GSH (reduced glutathione), and mitochondrial membrane potential. This study suggests that Livogrit might reduce the lipotoxicity-mediated ROS generation and subsequent production of inflammatory mediators as evident from the increased gene expression of FXR, FGF21, CHOP, CXCL5, and their normalization due to Livogrit treatment. Taken together, Livogrit showed the potential as a multimodal therapeutic formulation capable of attenuating the development of NASH. Our study highlights the potential of Livogrit as a hepatoprotective agent with translational possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India.,Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Moumita Manik
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India.,Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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29
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Seidu S, Cos X, Brunton S, Harris SB, Jansson SPO, Mata-Cases M, Neijens AMJ, Topsever P, Khunti K. 2022 update to the position statement by Primary Care Diabetes Europe: a disease state approach to the pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes in primary care. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:223-244. [PMID: 35183458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and its associated comorbidities are growing more prevalent, and the complexity of optimising glycaemic control is increasing, especially on the frontlines of patient care. In many countries, most patients with type 2 diabetes are managed in a primary care setting. However, primary healthcare professionals face the challenge of the growing plethora of available treatment options for managing hyperglycaemia, leading to difficultly in making treatment decisions and contributing to treatment and therapeutic inertia. This position statement offers a simple and patient-centred clinical decision-making model with practical treatment recommendations that can be widely implemented by primary care clinicians worldwide through shared-decision conversations with their patients. It highlights the importance of managing cardiovascular disease and elevated cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes and aims to provide innovative risk stratification and treatment strategies that connect patients with the most effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seidu
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
| | - X Cos
- Sant Marti de Provenҫals Primary Care Centres, Institut Català de la Salut, University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Brunton
- Primary Care Metabolic Group, Winnsboro, SC, USA
| | - S B Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S P O Jansson
- School of Medical Sciences, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Mata-Cases
- La Mina Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de la Salut, University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M J Neijens
- Praktijk De Diabetist, Nurse-Led Case Management in Diabetes, QOL-consultancy, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - P Topsever
- Department of Family Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Kerem Aydinlar Campus, 34752 Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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30
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Alam MS, Uddin MS, Shamsuddin T, Rubayed M, Sharmin T, Akter R, Hosen SMZ. Repurposing of existing antibiotics for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 10:4. [PMID: 35273901 PMCID: PMC8898203 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline specific serine protease enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) has become a promising target for diabetes, as it stops glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from becoming inactive, resulting in higher levels of active GLP-1. This lowers glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion. DPP-4 is also linked to a higher BMI and a 0.7 to 1% reduction in HbA1c. Currently available DPP-4 inhibitor drugs showed less promising anti-diabetic activity as this class associated with many side effects due to non-selectivity and therefore searching on more potent DPP-4 inhibitors are still ongoing. In our present study, we investigate the inhibition of DPP-4 through a series of antibiotic compounds which were previously reported to be used in diabetic foot infections and compared with existing DPP-4 inhibitors. To obtain this objective, three-dimensional crystal structure of DPP-4 was retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB id: 1 × 70). A systematic computational method combining molecular docking, MM-GBSA binding energy calculation, MD simulations, MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations and ADME were used to find best DPP-4 inhibitor. Molecular docking results revealed that clindamycin has a higher affinity towards the catalytic sides of DPP-4 and built solid hydrophobic and polar interactions with the amino acids involved in the binding region of DPP-4, such as S1 subsite, S2 subsite and S2 extensive subsite. MD simulations results showed clindamycin as potent virtual hit and suggested that it binds with DPP-4 in competitive manner, which virtually indicate that besides antibiotic activity clindamycin has anti-diabetic activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00118-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shaiful Alam
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, 4202 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohorab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Tahmida Shamsuddin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Maruf Rubayed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, 4202 Bangladesh
| | - Tania Sharmin
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
| | - Rasheda Akter
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Zahid Hosen
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
- Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales 2170, Sydney, Australia
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31
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Kuchay MS, Misra A. Role of diabetologists in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Primary prevention and screening/management of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102446. [PMID: 35259705 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition, especially among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Presence of T2D increases the risk of progression of simple steatosis to more severe liver conditions, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis (NASH-fibrosis). Since majority of patients with T2D are managed by diabetologists (including physicians and endocrinologists), their roles in the management of coexisting NAFLD are not well defined, partly due to lack of unambiguous guidelines. METHODS A literature search was performed with Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar electronic databases till January 2022, using relevant keywords (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetologist; screening of NASH; management of NASH) to extract relevant studies describing prevention and screening of NAFLD/NASH, especially in people with T2D. RESULTS Diabetologists have two main roles for the management of patients with T2D and coexisting NAFLD. The most important role is to prevent the development of NASH-fibrosis in patients with simple steatosis (primary prevention). This can be achieved by reinforcing the importance of lifestyle measures, and by early use of glucose-lowering agents with beneficial effects on the liver. The second important role of diabetologists is to screen all patients with T2D for liver fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis, and provide appropriate referral for timely management of complications (secondary prevention). CONCLUSION Diabetologists can play a central role in mitigating the epidemic of NAFLD in individuals with T2D. However, diabetologists need to be aware about their roles in NASH-fibrosis prevention and screening. Furthermore, longitudinal studies should explore the role of newer glucose-lowering drugs in the primary prevention of NASH-fibrosis in individuals with coexisting T2D and simple steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafi Kuchay
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (NDOC) and Diabetes Foundation, India.
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32
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Systemic Treatment with Pioglitazone Reverses Vision Loss in Preclinical Glaucoma Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020281. [PMID: 35204782 PMCID: PMC8961625 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. This is also the case in glaucoma and may be a reason why many patients suffer from progressive vision loss despite maximal reduction in intraocular pressure. Pioglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) whose pleiotrophic activities include modulation of cellular energy metabolism and reduction in inflammation. In this study we employed the DBA2/J mouse model of glaucoma with chronically elevated intraocular pressure to investigate whether oral low-dose pioglitazone treatment preserves retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. We then used an inducible glaucoma model in C57BL/6J mice to determine visual function, pattern electroretinographs, and tracking of optokinetic reflex. Our findings demonstrate that pioglitazone treatment does significantly protect RGCs and prevents axonal degeneration in the glaucomatous retina. Furthermore, treatment preserves and partially reverses vision loss in spite of continuously elevated intraocular pressure. These data suggest that pioglitazone may provide treatment benefits for those glaucoma patients experiencing continued vision loss.
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Liu XX, Zhang LZ, Zhang HH, Lai LF, Wang YQ, Sun J, Xu NG, Li ZX. Low-frequency electroacupuncture improves disordered hepatic energy metabolism in insulin-resistant Zucker diabetic fatty rats via the AMPK/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway. Acupunct Med 2022; 40:360-368. [PMID: 35034504 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Disordered hepatic energy metabolism is found in obese rats with insulin resistance (IR). There are insufficient experimental studies of electroacupuncture (EA) for IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to probe the effect of EA on disordered hepatic energy metabolism and the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70-kDa (p70S6K) signaling pathway. METHODS Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were randomly divided into three groups: EA group receiving EA treatment; Pi group receiving pioglitazone gavage; and ZF group remaining untreated (n = 8 per group). Inbred non-insulin-resistant Zucker lean rats formed an (untreated) healthy control group (ZL, n = 8). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), C-peptide, C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to investigate the liver morphologically. The mitochondrial structure of hepatocytes was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting was adopted to determine protein expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), mTOR, mTORC1, AMPK, tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) and p70S6K, and their phosphorylation. RT-PCR was used to quantify IRS-1, mTOR, mTORC1, AMPK and p70S6K mRNA levels. RESULTS Compared with the ZF group, FPG, FINS, C-peptide, CRP and HOMA-IR levels were significantly reduced in the EA group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Evaluation of histopathology showed improvement in liver appearances following EA. Phosphorylation levels of AMPK, mTOR and TSC2 decreased, and IRS-1 and p70S6K increased, in hepatocytes of the ZF group, while these negative effects appeared to be alleviated by EA. CONCLUSIONS EA can effectively ameliorate IR and regulate energy metabolism in the ZDF rat model. AMPK/mTORC1/p70S6K and related molecules may represent a potential mechanism of action underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhi Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hua Zhang
- Department of Tuina, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan-Feng Lai
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Wang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Traditional Therapy Department of Fangchun, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Gui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Li
- Department of Soft Tissue Traumatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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The role of nursing care in the type 2 diabetes treatment associated with chronic liver diseases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:104-111. [PMID: 33852508 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in the People's Republic of China. The aim of the article is to compare the effects of nursing care on the laboratory findings and ultrasound results of diabetic patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) who were treated with antiglycemic drugs. METHODS Diabetic were patients treated with metformin hydrochloride in combination with gliclazide, pioglitazone hydrochloride, sitagliptin, exenatide or liraglutide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound, and fibrosis stages were evaluated at baseline and 8 months. All the patients were equally divided into two groups depending on the therapeutic approach. RESULTS The first group of patients additionally received nursing care, and the second group adhered to the prescribed therapy on their own. In total 90 patients, or 55.6%, had NAFLD at baseline, and its course was dependent upon changes in the weight (P = 0.009) and waist circumference (P = 0.012). The proportions of patients who demonstrated an ultrasonographic improvement in the control group were: 24 (56.8%) with gliclazide, 15 (41.3%) with pioglitazone hydrochloride, 28 (66.1%) with sitagliptin, 16 (79%) with exenatide and 15 (66.7%) with liraglutide (P = 0.2). For the group that received nursing care an ultrasonographic improvement was in: 29 (68.16%) with gliclazide, 18 (49.56%) with pioglitazone hydrochloride, 33 (79.32%) with sitagliptin, 19 (94.8%) with exenatide and 21 80.04% with liraglutide (P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Outcomes from the type 2 diabetes treatment paralleling of CLD were presented. Treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone hydrochloride, gliclazide, sitagliptin, liraglutide and exenatide was proven effective.
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Venkateswaran MR, Vadivel TE, Jayabal S, Murugesan S, Rajasekaran S, Periyasamy S. A review on network pharmacology based phytotherapy in treating diabetes- An environmental perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111656. [PMID: 34265348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has become common lifestyle disorder associated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Environmental factors like physical inactivity, polluted surroundings and unhealthy dieting also plays a vital role in diabetes pathogenesis. As the current anti-diabetic drugs possess unprecedented side effects, traditional herbal medicine can be used an alternative therapy. The paramount challenge with the herbal formulation usage is the lack of standardized procedure, entangled with little knowledge on drug safety and mechanism of drug action. Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental hazard where plants tend to accumulate toxic metals like nickel, chromium and lead through industrial and agricultural activities. It becomes inappropriate to use these plants for phytotherapy as it may affect the human health on long term consumption. This review discuss about the environmental risk factors related to diabetes and better implication of medicinal plants in anti-diabetic therapy using network pharmacology. It is an in silico analytical tool that helps to unravel the multi-targeted action of herbal formulations rich in secondary metabolites. Also, a special focus is attempted to pool the databases regarding the medicinal plants for diabetes and associated diseases, their bioactive compounds, possible diabetic targets, drug-target interaction and toxicology reports that may open an aisle in safer, effective and toxicity-free drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi R Venkateswaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamil Elakkiya Vadivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sasidharan Jayabal
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
| | - Sureshkumar Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Czarnecka K, Czarnecka P, Tronina O, Bączkowska T, Durlik M. Multidirectional facets of obesity management in the metabolic syndrome population after liver transplantation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 10:3-21. [PMID: 34598315 PMCID: PMC8669703 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic has resulted in an increasing demand for liver transplantation and has significantly altered the profile of liver transplant candidates in addition to affecting posttransplantation outcomes. In this review, we discuss a broad range of clinical approaches that warrant attention to provide comprehensive and patient‐centred medical care to liver transplant recipients, and to be prepared to confront the rapidly changing clinical challenges and ensuing dilemmas. Adipose tissue is a complex and metabolically active organ. Visceral fat deposition is a key predictor of overall obesity‐related morbidity and mortality. Limited pharmacological options are available for the treatment of obesity in the liver transplant population. Bariatric surgery may be an alternative in eligible patients. The rapidly increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global concern; NAFLD affects both pre‐ and posttransplantation outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of NAFLD and some of these have shown promising results. Liver transplant recipients are constantly exposed to numerous factors that result in intestinal microbiota alterations, which were linked to the development of obesity, diabetes type 2, metabolic syndrome (MS), NAFLD, and hepatocellular cancer. Microbiota modifications with probiotics and prebiotics bring gratifying results in the management of metabolic complications. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is successfully performed in many medical indications. However, the safety and efficacy profiles of FMT in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Obesity together with immunosuppressive treatment, may affect the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties of coadministered medications. Individualized immunosuppressive regimens are recommended following liver transplantation to address possible metabolic concerns. Effective and comprehensive management of metabolic complications is shown to yield multiple beneficial results in the liver transplant population and may bring gratifying results in improving long‐term survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Czarnecka
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Czarnecka
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Tronina
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Bączkowska
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
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When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's and Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115911. [PMID: 34072862 PMCID: PMC8199025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mostly sporadic brain disorder characterized by cognitive decline resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex whereas Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic inherited disorder characterized by motor abnormalities and psychiatric disturbances resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the striatum. Although there have been numerous clinical trials for these diseases, they have been unsuccessful. Research conducted over the past three decades by a large number of laboratories has demonstrated that abnormal actions of common kinases play a key role in the pathogenesis of both AD and HD as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Prominent among these kinases are glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and some of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). After a brief summary of the molecular and cell biology of AD and HD this review covers what is known about the role of these three groups of kinases in the brain and in the pathogenesis of the two neurodegenerative disorders. The potential of targeting GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKS as effective therapeutics is also discussed as is a brief discussion on the utilization of recently developed drugs that simultaneously target two or all three of these groups of kinases. Multi-kinase inhibitors either by themselves or in combination with strategies currently being used such as immunotherapy or secretase inhibitors for AD and knockdown for HD could represent a more effective therapeutic approach for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
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G KK, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, Ammu V V V RK, Vishwanath K, Narenderan ST, Babu B, Krishnaveni N. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for pioglitazone: application towards pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study in rats. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11437-11443. [PMID: 35423625 PMCID: PMC8695949 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to measure pioglitazone (PGZ) concentrations in rat plasma and tissues. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a YMC Pro C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3μ) with a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1% v/v) and acetonitrile (5 : 95) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 and injection volume of 10 μL (IS: rosiglitazone). Mass spectrometric detection was done using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the ESI interface operating in a positive ionization mode. The developed method was validated over a linearity range of 1–500 ng mL−1 with detection and a lower quantification limit of 0.5 ng mL−1 and 1 ng mL−1. The method accuracy ranged from 95.89–98.78% (inter-day) & 93.39–97.68% (intra-day) with a precision range of 6.09–8.12% for inter-day & 7.55–9.87% for intra-day, respectively. The PGZ shows the highest Cmax of 495.03 ng mL−1 in plasma and the lowest Cmax, 24.50 ± 2.71 ng mL−1 in bone. The maximum Tmax of 5.00 ± 0.49 h was observed in bone and a minimum of 1.01 ± 0.05 h in plasma. The AUC(0–24 h and 0–∞) values are highest in plasma (1056.58 ± 65.78 & 1069.38 ± 77.50 ng h−1 mL−1) and lowest in brain (166.93 ± 15.70 &167.12 ± 16.77 ng h−1 mL−1), and the T1/2 was highest in plasma (5.62 ± 0.74 h) and lowest in kidney (2.78 ± 0.19). The developed method was successfully used to measure the PGZ pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution. Further, the developed method could be utilized for validating target organ (adipose tissue) specific delivery of PGZ (nano-formulations) in addition to conventional dosage forms. The developed method was investigated for target and off-target distribution of pioglitazone and could be applied to validate the site-specific delivery systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Kumari G
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravi Kiran Ammu V V V
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kurawattimath Vishwanath
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics-Toxicology Division, Sai Advantium Pharma Ltd. Pune 411 057 India
| | - S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nagappan Krishnaveni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
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Lillich FF, Imig JD, Proschak E. Multi-Target Approaches in Metabolic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:554961. [PMID: 33776749 PMCID: PMC7994619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.554961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent disease cluster worldwide. It requires polypharmacological treatment of the single conditions including type II diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, as well as the associated comorbidities. The complex treatment regimens with various drugs lead to drug-drug interactions and inadequate patient adherence, resulting in poor management of the disease. Multi-target approaches aim at reducing the polypharmacology and improving the efficacy. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry efforts to develop multi-target ligands for MetS. Different combinations of pharmacological targets in context of in vivo efficacy and future perspective for multi-target drugs in MetS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F. Lillich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John D. Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Russo MF, Lembo E, Mari A, Angelini G, Verrastro O, Nanni G, Pompili M, Raffaelli M, Vecchio FM, Bornstein SR, Mingrone G. Insulin Resistance Is Central to Long-Term Reversal of Histologic Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis After Metabolic Surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:750-761. [PMID: 33248441 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered the hepatic counterpart of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the determinants of NASH reversal in patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) in a 5-year follow-up study. METHODS This prospective study was conducted at Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli. A total of 37 patients underwent fine-needle liver biopsy during BPD. Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous liver biopsy was obtained 5 years after the operation. The primary outcome of our study was histologic NASH reversal at 5-year follow-up. To better characterize the clinical variables involved in the resolution of NASH, we also compared patients without histologic NASH resolution at 5 years with those in whom NASH had disappeared. RESULTS At follow-up, NASH had reversed in 56.5% of the patients. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) improved from 3.7 ± 0.93 to 2 ± 1.11 (P < .001). Fibrosis reversed in 16% patients (P = .022), and 32% improved (95% CI, 0.05-0.54). No significant differences in body mass index or clinical parameters changes explained the effect of surgery on NASH, apart from the measure of insulin sensitivity post surgery. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance decreased from 3.31 ± 1.72 at baseline to 1.73 ± 1.08 (P < .001) after BPD, and the Matsuda index improved from 2.66 ± 1.79 to 4.73 ± 3.05 (P < .001). The lipid profile normalized (total cholesterol from 4.75 ± 1.18 to 3.32 ± 0.77 mmol/L, P < .001; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 2.92 ± 0.91 to 1.60 ± 0.51 mmol/L, P = .0001; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 0.97 ± 0.33 to 1.10 ± 0.35 mmol/L, P = .023; triglycerides from 2.52 ± 1.6 to 1.47 ± 0.67 mmol/L, P = .003). Neural network analysis showed that the end-study Matsuda index discriminated between responders and nonresponders with high accuracy (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.98%). CONCLUSION Remission of NASH is driven by reversal of whole-body insulin resistance post intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Russo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Erminia Lembo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Angelini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Verrastro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nanni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Vecchio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Evaluation of Browning Agents on the White Adipogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Contribution to Fighting Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020403. [PMID: 33669222 PMCID: PMC7919793 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown-like adipocytes can be induced in white fat depots by a different environmental or drug stimuli, known as "browning" or "beiging". These brite adipocytes express thermogenin UCP1 protein and show different metabolic advantages, such as the ability to acquire a thermogenic phenotype corresponding to standard brown adipocytes that counteracts obesity. In this research, we evaluated the effects of several browning agents during white adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Our in vitro findings identified two compounds that may warrant further in vivo investigation as possible anti-obesity drugs. We found that rosiglitazone and sildenafil are the most promising drug candidates for a browning treatment of obesity. These drugs are already available on the market for treating diabetes and erectile dysfunction, respectively. Thus, their off-label use may be contemplated, but it must be emphasized that some severe side effects are associated with use of these drugs.
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Afzal H, Khan NUH, Sultana K, Mobashar A, Lareb A, Khan A, Gull A, Afzaal H, Khan MT, Rizwan M, Imran M. Schiff Bases of Pioglitazone Provide Better Antidiabetic and Potent Antioxidant Effect in a Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rodent Model. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4470-4479. [PMID: 33623853 PMCID: PMC7893790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is a Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist and used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, this drug is still associated with many adverse effects. In the present study, four new Schiff bases of pioglitazone (P1-P4) were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. For preliminary screening, the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and in vitro alpha-amylase antidiabetic inhibitory assay were performed. Further, P3 was used to investigate in vivo antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were administered with an i.p dose of pioglitazone 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Moreover, biochemical parameters and antioxidants were quantified from liver and kidney tissues of rodents. In the DPPH assay, compound P3 showed superior antioxidant effects. Using the in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay, P3 exhibited potent effects as compared to other groups, that is, 93% inhibition, while pioglitazone showed 81% inhibition. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants showed significant changes in P3 (10 mg/kg)-treated groups (p < 0.001). Similarly, compound P3 produced significant and better results in comparison to pioglitazone in the rodent model. This study confirmed potent antidiabetic and superior antioxidant potential of the newly synthesized Schiff base (P3), which could ultimately account for insulin sensitization and for cellular protection and hence provide a potential clue for dual therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza
Rabia Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najm ul Hassan Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kishwar Sultana
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Lareb
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abrashim Gull
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Afzaal
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science
and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center
for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University
of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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Seidu S, Cos X, Brunton S, Harris SB, Jansson SPO, Mata-Cases M, Neijens AMJ, Topsever P, Khunti K. A disease state approach to the pharmacological management of Type 2 diabetes in primary care: A position statement by Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:31-51. [PMID: 32532635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and its associated comorbidities are growing more prevalent, and the complexity of optimising glycaemic control is increasing, especially on the frontlines of patient care. In many countries, most patients with type 2 diabetes are managed in a primary care setting. However, primary healthcare professionals face the challenge of the growing plethora of available treatment options for managing hyperglycaemia, leading to difficultly in making treatment decisions and contributing to therapeutic inertia. This position statement offers a simple and patient-centred clinical decision-making model with practical treatment recommendations that can be widely implemented by primary care clinicians worldwide through shared-decision conversations with their patients. It highlights the importance of managing cardiovascular disease and elevated cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes and aims to provide innovative risk stratification and treatment strategies that connect patients with the most effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seidu
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
| | - X Cos
- Sant Marti de Provençals Primary Care Centres, Institut Català de la Salut, University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Brunton
- Primary Care Metabolic Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S B Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S P O Jansson
- School of Medical Sciences, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Mata-Cases
- La Mina Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de la Salut, University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M J Neijens
- Praktijk De Diabetist, Nurse-Led Case Management in Diabetes, QOL-consultancy, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - P Topsever
- Department of Family Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Kerem Aydinlar Campus, Atasehir 34752, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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Yabiku K. Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Concurrent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review of the Evidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:768850. [PMID: 34950104 PMCID: PMC8688740 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.768850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and more than half of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes concurrently present with NAFLD. There is a bidirectional pathological relationship between the two conditions, whereby NAFLD increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes contributes to and accelerates the progression of NAFLD. Furthermore, over 30% of patients with NAFLD progress to non-alcoholic liver steatohepatitis (NASH), which then increases the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its high prevalence and the potential clinical implications, the underlying pathogenesis of NAFLD has yet to be fully elucidated, and there is no consensus regarding standard diagnosis and treatment for either NALFD or NASH. As patients with both NASH and type 2 diabetes have impaired hepatic function owing to chronic inflammation and the resulting structural changes caused by hepatic fat accumulation, they face reduced options for antidiabetic treatment. SGLT-2 inhibitors inhibit glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, with increased excretion of glucose in urine and decreased glucose levels in plasma, and their glycemia-lowering effect is insulin-independent. Several other beneficial effects have been reported for SGLT-2 inhibitors, including reduced risks of cardiovascular and renal diseases, improved blood pressure control, body weight reduction, and reductions in liver fat content. Experimental studies in mouse models have suggested that SGLT-2 inhibitors may have beneficial modulatory effects on NAFLD/NASH. Several trials in patients with type 2 diabetes have also suggested that these drugs may be useful in treating both type 2 diabetes and NAFLD or NASH. However, further research is needed to identify the mechanisms by which SGLT-2 inhibitors affect fatty liver and steatohepatitis. In this state-of-the-art review, we explore the literature on the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and NASH, and present arguments for and against the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in this patient population.
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Ayza MA, Zewdie KA, Tesfaye BA, Gebrekirstos ST, Berhe DF. Anti-Diabetic Effect of Telmisartan Through its Partial PPARγ-Agonistic Activity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3627-3635. [PMID: 33116714 PMCID: PMC7567533 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s265399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which selectively inhibits the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Thus, it is widely used for hypertension management. Nowadays, telmisartan's effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) is gaining wider attention. PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Telmisartan is reported to have a partial PPARγ-agonistic effect while avoiding the safety concerns found with full PPARγ agonists (thiazolidinediones). Telmisartan could be an alternative treatment option, with dual benefit for diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. This review summarizes the anti-diabetic activity of telmisartan via its partial PPARγ-agonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Altaye Ayza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Amare Tesfaye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Derbew Fikadu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Xia ZH, Zhang SY, Chen YS, Li K, Chen WB, Liu YQ. Curcumin anti-diabetic effect mainly correlates with its anti-apoptotic actions and PI3K/Akt signal pathway regulation in the liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111803. [PMID: 33035629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of curcumin on type 2 diabetes and its underlying mechanisms. A type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model was established by providing high-fat diet and low doses of streptozotocin. Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were treated with low dose and high dose of curcumin for 8 weeks. The results showed that high-dose curcumin significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase, liver coefficient, and malondialdehyde levels, and BCL2-Associated X expression in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. High-dose curcumin increased the levels of liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione; as well as the expression of liver B-cell lymphoma-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and phosphorylated protein kinase B in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Furthermore, it ameliorated the histological structure of the liver and pancreas in diabetes mellitus model rats. However, low-dose curcumin had no significant effect on diabetes mellitus model rats. The results suggest that adequate doses of curcumin controls type 2 diabetes mellitus development as well as the mechanism involved in its anti-apoptotic actions and phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B signal pathway regulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hong Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sai-Ya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Si Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wen-Bo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Chen W, Wei J, Zhang L, Chen J, Li Y, Pei D, Wang N, Liu Y, Di D. Fish Roe Polypeptide Exerts Hypoglycemia Activity via Regulating Insulin Secretion Mediated by Nrf2/ERK Signaling. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bhattacharya S, Rathore A, Parwani D, Mallick C, Asati V, Agarwal S, Rajoriya V, Das R, Kashaw SK. An exhaustive perspective on structural insights of SGLT2 inhibitors: A novel class of antidiabetic agent. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112523. [PMID: 32717480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the global health issue and become an alarming threat in the modern era where human lifestyle gets compromised with modernization. According to the latest statistical report 2020, USA has 9.47% (31 million among 32.72 cr), China has 8.3% (116.4 million among 139.27 cr) and India has 5.6% (77 million among 135.26 cr) of the diabetic people, indicating that diabetes is more prevailing in developed countries as compared to the developing countries. The number of diabetic patients is rising day by day at a tremendous rate and soon it may affect each and every person in a family. So, there is an urgent need to develop novel entities that can meet the scarcity of present antidiabetic agents. In the last few decades, the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) has emerged as a prominent target for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its novel mechanism of action & no involvement in insulin signaling pathway. Most of the inhibitors that target SGLT2 contain three basic moieties: glucose, two benzene rings (one is connected with glucose and the other with methylene), and the methylene bridge which are similar to dapagliflozin. Several SGLT2 inhibitors and their derivatives such as remogliflozin etabonate (phase-II), sotagliflozin (phase-III) and bexagliflozin (phase-III) are under different phases of clinical trial studies and some have been patented. The present review is focused on SGLT2 inhibitors, structure activity relationships (SARs) of dapagliflozin and its several analogues for their binding affinity with SGLT2. We have also presented and summarized the efforts made by various researchers in terms of the synthesis of various dapagliflozin derivatives till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Akash Rathore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Deepa Parwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Chaitali Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Vaibhav Rajoriya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Ratnesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India.
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Gao Y, Zhang S, Li J, Zhao J, Xiao Q, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Huang W. Effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1-regulating hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells induced by free fatty acid. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2228-2240. [PMID: 32654591 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1793293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) is a bioactive phytochemical that has been found to be beneficial for the treatment of several diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But there is a lack of literature reporting the effect of G-Rg1 on lipid metabolism balance in NAFLD. We investigated the effect and mechanism of G-Rg1 on lipid metabolism in vitro. We found that G-Rg1 decreased the levels of TG, TC, and MDA, and increased activity of SOD. Results of RT-PCR and western blotting showed that supplementation with G-Rg1 downregulated the expression of PPAR γ, FABP1, FATP2/5, CD36, SREBP1 c, and FASN, while the expression of PPAR ɑ, CPT1, ACOX1, MTTP, and ApoB100 was upregulated, after induction by a free fatty acid. Taken together, we conclude that G-Rg1 inhibits lipid synthesis and lipid uptake, and enhances lipid oxidation and lipid export to reduce hepatic steatosis of HepG2 cells by regulating PPAR ɑ and PPAR γ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
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50
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Fougerat A, Montagner A, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Wahli W. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1638. [PMID: 32650421 PMCID: PMC7408116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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