1
|
Das M, Kumar D, Sauceda C, Oberg A, Ellies LG, Zeng L, Jih LJ, Newton IG, Webster NJG. Time-Restricted Feeding Attenuates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Obese Male Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1513. [PMID: 38672595 PMCID: PMC11048121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has surpassed the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in most parts of the Western world. MASLD (formerly known as NAFLD) encompasses both simple steatosis and more aggressive metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which is accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, and ultimately can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are currently very few approved therapies for MASH. Weight loss strategies such as caloric restriction can ameliorate the harmful metabolic effect of MASH and inhibit HCC; however, it is difficult to implement and maintain in daily life, especially in individuals diagnosed with HCC. In this study, we tested a time-restricted feeding (TRF) nutritional intervention in mouse models of MASH and HCC. We show that TRF abrogated metabolic dysregulation induced by a Western diet without any calorie restriction or weight loss. TRF improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hyperinsulinemia, liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, TRF inhibited liver tumors in two mouse models of obesity-driven HCC. Our data suggest that TRF is likely to be effective in abrogating MASH and HCC and warrant further studies of time-restricted eating in humans with MASH who are at higher risk of developing HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Das
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Consuelo Sauceda
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexis Oberg
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lily J. Jih
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isabel G. Newton
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas J. G. Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzalez DE, Lanham SN, Martin SE, Cleveland RE, Wilson TE, Langford EL, Abel MG. Firefighter Health: A Narrative Review of Occupational Threats and Countermeasures. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:440. [PMID: 38391814 PMCID: PMC10888326 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural firefighters are responsible for protecting properties and saving lives during emergency operations. Despite efforts to prepare firefighters for these hazardous occupational demands, the unfortunate reality is that the incidence of health morbidities is increasing within the fire service. Specifically, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mental health disorders are among the most documented morbidities in firefighters. Pubmed and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify peer-reviewed English language manuscripts that evaluated firefighters' occupational health threats, allostatic factors associated with their occurrence, and evidence-based strategies to mitigate their impact. This narrative review provides fire departments, practitioners, and researchers with evidence-based practices to enhance firefighters' health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew E Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Sarah N Lanham
- First Responder Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Steven E Martin
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Richard E Cleveland
- Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Thad E Wilson
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Emily L Langford
- First Responder Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA
| | - Mark G Abel
- First Responder Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Turner L, Charrouf R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Hutchison A, Heilbronn LK, Fernández-Rodríguez R. The effects of time-restricted eating versus habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:206-220. [PMID: 37865184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) may facilitate weight loss, but its impact on inflammation remains unclear. Chronic inflammation can detrimentally increase risk of obesity-associated comorbidities. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and determine the effects of TRE on cytokine and adipokines (C-reactive protein [CRP], TNF alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], leptin, and adiponectin) in adults. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs to determine the effects of TRE on cytokines and adipokines in adults up to 23 June, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the DerSimonian-Laird method through random-effect models. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. RESULTS A total of 25 studies (13 RCTs, 12 non-RCTs) involving 936 participants were included. The pooled SMD for the effect of TRE compared with the control group on cytokines and adipokines was -0.11 (95% CI: -0.33, 0.12; I2 = 19.7%; n = 10 comparisons) for CRP; -0.25 (95% CI: -0.47, -0.03; I2 = 0%; n = 11 comparisons) for TNF-α; -0.09 (95% CI: -0.39, 0.21; I2 = 16.4%; n = 8 comparisons) for IL-6; -0.81 (95% CI: -1.37, -0.24; I2 = 65.3%; n = 5 comparisons) for leptin; and 0.07 (95% CI: -0.40, 0.54; I2 = 56.9%; n = 6 comparisons) for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Time-restricted eating may be an effective approach to reduce TNF-α and leptin levels in the general adult population. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022358162.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rasha Charrouf
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Amy Hutchison
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia; Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Cuenca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi EY, Kim M, Lee CS, Byeon SH, Kim SS, Lee M. Intermittent Fasting Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 243:1-9. [PMID: 35809657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between intermittent fasting and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the general older adult population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using a population-based, government-led survey data, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS A total of 4504 individuals aged ≥55 years with comprehensive data including meal frequency and fundus photography were selected using the KNHANES 2015-2018 database. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on breakfast frequency per week; intermittent fasting (nearly 0 time/week) and nonfasting (5-7 times/week) groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for AMD identified by fundus photography. RESULTS AMD was identified in 25.1% of total participants. The intermittent fasting group had a decreased risk of AMD compared with the nonfasting group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.413, 95% CI 0.203-0.841), especially in individuals with a younger age (<70 years, aOR 0.357, 95% CI 0.153-0.833), obesity (aOR 0.663, 95% CI 0.424-1.037), and urban residence (aOR 0.437, 95% CI 0.248-0.769). Increased age (aOR 1.058, 95% CI 1.041-1.076) and serum high-density lipoprotein levels (aOR 1.011, 95% CI 1.002-1.021) were also independent risk factors for AMD. CONCLUSIONS Using the population-based survey data, we demonstrated that intermittent fasting by skipping breakfast was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AMD in a representative older adult population, especially in individuals with age <70 years, obesity, and urban residence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (E.Y.C., M.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (E.Y.C., M.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Eye Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (C.S.L., S.H.B., S.S.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Eye Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (C.S.L., S.H.B., S.S.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Eye Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (C.S.L., S.H.B., S.S.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endocrine Research (M.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Petersen MC, Gallop MR, Flores Ramos S, Zarrinpar A, Broussard JL, Chondronikola M, Chaix A, Klein S. Complex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1991-2034. [PMID: 35834774 PMCID: PMC9423781 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that limits food consumption to a specific time window each day. The effect of TRE on body weight and physiological functions has been extensively studied in rodent models, which have shown considerable therapeutic effects of TRE and important interactions among time of eating, circadian biology, and metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, it is difficult to make firm conclusions regarding the effect of TRE in people because of the heterogeneity in results, TRE regimens, and study populations. In this review, we 1) provide a background of the history of meal consumption in people and the normal physiology of eating and fasting; 2) discuss the interaction between circadian molecular metabolism and TRE; 3) integrate the results of preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of TRE on body weight and physiological functions; 4) summarize other time-related dietary interventions that have been studied in people; and 4) identify current gaps in knowledge and provide a framework for future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Molly R Gallop
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephany Flores Ramos
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Maria Chondronikola
- Departments of Nutrition and Radiology, University of California, Davis, California
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonzalez DE, McAllister MJ, Waldman HS, Ferrando AA, Joyce J, Barringer ND, Dawes JJ, Kieffer AJ, Harvey T, Kerksick CM, Stout JR, Ziegenfuss TN, Zapp A, Tartar JL, Heileson JL, VanDusseldorp TA, Kalman DS, Campbell BI, Antonio J, Kreider RB. International society of sports nutrition position stand: tactical athlete nutrition. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:267-315. [PMID: 35813846 PMCID: PMC9261739 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2086017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Drew E. Gonzalez
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J. McAllister
- Texas State University, Metabolic and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health & Human Performance, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Hunter S. Waldman
- University of North Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Florence, AL, USA
| | - Arny A. Ferrando
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jill Joyce
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Barringer
- US. Army-Baylor Master’s Program in Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J. Jay Dawes
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Adam J. Kieffer
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Department of Nutritional Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Travis Harvey
- United States Special Operations Command, Preservation of the Force and Family, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- University of Central Florida, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jamie L. Tartar
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery L. Heileson
- Baylor University, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Douglas S. Kalman
- Dr. Kiran C Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Nutrition Department, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Bill I. Campbell
- University of South Florida, Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Fight Science Laboratory, Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Manoogian ENC, Wei-Shatzel J, Panda S. Assessing temporal eating pattern in free living humans through the myCircadianClock app. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:696-706. [PMID: 34997205 PMCID: PMC9678076 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The quality and quantity of nutrition impact health. However, chrononutrition, the timing, and variation of food intake in relation to the daily sleep-wake cycle are also important contributors to health. This has necessitated an urgent need to measure, analyze, and optimize eating patterns to improve health and manage disease. While written food journals, questionnaires, and 24-hour dietary recalls are acceptable methods to assess the quantity and quality of energy consumption, they are insufficient to capture the timing and day-to-day variation of energy intake. Smartphone applications are novel methods for information-dense real-time food and beverage tracking. Despite the availability of thousands of commercial nutrient apps, they almost always ignore eating patterns, and the raw real-time data is not available to researchers for monitoring and intervening in eating patterns. Our lab developed a smartphone app called myCircadianClock (mCC) and associated software to enable long-term real-time logging that captures temporal components of eating patterns. The mCC app runs on iOS and android operating systems and can be used to track multiple cohorts in parallel studies. The logging burden is decreased by using a timestamped photo and annotation of the food/beverage being logged. Capturing temporal data of consumption in free-living individuals over weeks/months has provided new insights into diverse eating patterns in the real world. This review discusses (1) chrononutrition and the importance of understanding eating patterns, (2) the myCircadianClock app, (3) validation of the mCC app, (4) clinical trials to assess the timing of energy intake, and (5) strengths and limitations of the mCC app.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily N C Manoogian
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Regulatory Biology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | | | - Satchidananda Panda
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Regulatory Biology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burris JC, Werner CM, Woolf K. The Relationship Between Dietary Intake and Dietary-Focused Lifestyle Interventions on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Firefighters. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:206-224. [PMID: 35347666 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death to on-duty firefighters and is a substantial health concern. Preventative measures, including dietary interventions, may improve CVD in firefighters. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the relationship between dietary intake, dietary lifestyle interventions, and risk of CVD in firefighters. RECENT FINDINGS Existing evidence, albeit limited, suggests that firefighters do not meet dietary guidelines. Lifestyle modifications featuring dietary interventions are effective in improving risk factors associated with CVD in firefighters. Unfortunately, no consistent nutrition-related trend was identified across the retrieved studies and only a limited number of randomized controlled trials have examined the efficacy of lifestyle intervention studies on CVD in firefighters. Although this review suggests dietary lifestyle interventions may facilitate decreases in risk factors associated with CVD in firefighters, current evidence is limited, and additional research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Burris
- Department of Nutrition, Saddleback College, 2800 Marguerite Pkwy, Mission Viejo, CA, 92692, USA
| | - Charlotte Marie Werner
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 411 Lafayette Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Kathleen Woolf
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 411 Lafayette Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Manoogian ENC, Chow LS, Taub PR, Laferrère B, Panda S. Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:405-436. [PMID: 34550357 PMCID: PMC8905332 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF, animal-based studies) and time-restricted eating (TRE, humans) are an emerging behavioral intervention approach based on the understanding of the role of circadian rhythms in physiology and metabolism. In this approach, all calorie intake is restricted within a consistent interval of less than 12 hours without overtly attempting to reduce calories. This article will summarize the origin of TRF/TRE starting with concept of circadian rhythms and the role of chronic circadian rhythm disruption in increasing the risk for chronic metabolic diseases. Circadian rhythms are usually perceived as the sleep-wake cycle and dependent rhythms arising from the central nervous system. However, the recent discovery of circadian rhythms in peripheral organs and the plasticity of these rhythms in response to changes in nutrition availability raised the possibility that adopting a consistent daily short window of feeding can sustain robust circadian rhythm. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated proof of concept and identified potential mechanisms driving TRF-related benefits. Pilot human intervention studies have reported promising results in reducing the risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have indicated that maintaining a consistent long overnight fast, which is similar to TRE, can significantly reduce risks for chronic diseases. Despite these early successes, more clinical and mechanistic studies are needed to implement TRE alone or as adjuvant lifestyle intervention for the prevention and management of chronic metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa S Chow
- University of Minnesota, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Pam R Taub
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, 9434 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Christensen RAG, Kirkham AA. Time-Restricted Eating: A Novel and Simple Dietary Intervention for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Breast Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:3476. [PMID: 34684476 PMCID: PMC8537890 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial overlap in risk factors for the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including obesity, metabolic disturbances, and chronic inflammation. These unifying features remain prevalent after a BC diagnosis and are exacerbated by BC treatment, resulting in elevated CVD risk among survivors. Thus, therapies that target these risk factors or mechanisms are likely to be effective for the prevention or progression of both conditions. In this narrative review, we propose time-restricted eating (TRE) as a simple lifestyle therapy to address many upstream causative factors associated with both BC and CVD. TRE is simple dietary strategy that typically involves the consumption of ad libitum energy intake within 8 h, followed by a 16-h fast. We describe the feasibility and safety of TRE and the available evidence for the impact of TRE on metabolic, cardiovascular, and cancer-specific health benefits. We also highlight potential solutions for overcoming barriers to adoption and adherence and areas requiring future research. In composite, we make the case for the use of TRE as a novel, safe, and feasible intervention for primary and secondary BC prevention, as well as tertiary prevention as it relates to CVD in BC survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy A. Kirkham
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Impact of Time Restricted Feeding on Fitness Variables in Professional Resistance Trained Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:343-349. [PMID: 33769400 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Firefighters are at an elevated risk for cardiometabolic disease and sudden cardiac death due to physiological and psychological stressors. Research suggests time restricted feeding (TRF) may improve health and performance variables. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of a 7-week TRF (14-hour fasting:10-hour eating window) on fitness variables related to physical health and performance among professional, resistance-trained firefighters. METHODS Several fitness variables were assessed pre- and post-TRF intervention. RESULTS Relative and absolute ventilatory threshold (VT) increased (P < 0.05), relative and absolute , decreased (P < 0.05), and muscular strength, endurance, and power were not affected pre- versus post-intervention. CONCLUSION Although , decreased, all other performance variables were not negatively impacted by TRF. Improvements in VT may be associated with improvements to markers of endurance exercise performance in firefighters, but more data are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chawla S, Beretoulis S, Deere A, Radenkovic D. The Window Matters: A Systematic Review of Time Restricted Eating Strategies in Relation to Cortisol and Melatonin Secretion. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082525. [PMID: 34444685 PMCID: PMC8399962 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-Restricted Eating is an eating pattern based on the circadian rhythm which limits daily food intake (usually to ≤12 h/day), unique in that no overt restriction is imposed on the quality, nor quantity, of food intake. This paper aimed to examine the effects of two patterns of TRE, traditional TRE, and Ramadan fasting, on two markers of circadian rhythm, cortisol and melatonin. PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to December 2020 for studies examining the effects of time restricted eating on cortisol and melatonin. Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. All Ramadan papers found statistically significant decrease in melatonin (p < 0.05) during Ramadan. Two out of the three Ramadan papers noted an abolishing of the circadian rhythm of cortisol (p < 0.05). The non-Ramadan TRE papers did not examine melatonin, and cortisol changes were mixed. In studies comparing TRE to control diets, Stratton et al. found increased cortisol levels in the non-TRE fasting group (p = 0.0018) and McAllister et al. noted no difference. Dinner-skipping resulted in significantly reduced evening cortisol and non-significantly raised morning cortisol. Conversely, breakfast skipping resulted in significantly reduced morning cortisol. This blunting indicates a dysfunctional HPA axis, and may be associated with poor cardio-metabolic outcomes. There is a paucity of research examining the effects of TRE on cortisol and melatonin. The contrasting effect of dinner and breakfast-skipping should be further examined to ascertain whether timing the feeding window indeed has an impact on circadian rhythmicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Chawla
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Spyridon Beretoulis
- HOOKE London owned by Health Longevity Optimisation Ltd., London EC1V 3QJ, UK; (S.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Aaron Deere
- HOOKE London owned by Health Longevity Optimisation Ltd., London EC1V 3QJ, UK; (S.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- HOOKE London owned by Health Longevity Optimisation Ltd., London EC1V 3QJ, UK; (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of intermittent fasting combined with resistance training on body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2021; 237:113453. [PMID: 33984329 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the influence of intermittent fasting (IF) in combination with resistance training (RT) on body composition outcomes. Studies examining IF vs. non-IF diets in individuals performing RT, published up to February 2021, were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and SCOPUS databases. Eight studies, including 221 participants were analyzed using a random-effects model to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results indicated that IF had a significant effect on body mass (WMD = -2.08 kg; 95% CI: -3.04, -1.13), fat mass (WMD = -1.36 kg; 95% CI: -1.94, -0.78), body mass index (WMD = -0.52 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.19), and body fat percentage (WMD = -1.49%; 95% CI: -2.24, -0.74) relative to non-IF diets, without a significant effect for fat-free mass (WMD = -0.27 kg; 95% CI: -0.82, 0.28). The present systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates potentially beneficial effects of IF in combination with RT for reducing body mass and body fat relative to non-IF control diets, with similar preservation of fat-free mass.
Collapse
|