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Zabegalov KN, Costa FV, Kolesnikova TO, de Abreu MS, Petersen EV, Yenkoyan KB, Kalueff AV. Can we gain translational insights into the functional roles of cerebral cortex from acortical rodent and naturally acortical zebrafish models? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110964. [PMID: 38354895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral cortex is found only in mammals and is particularly prominent and developed in humans. Various rodent models with fully or partially ablated cortex are commonly used to probe the role of cortex in brain functions and its multiple subcortical projections, including pallium, thalamus and the limbic system. Various rodent models are traditionally used to study the role of cortex in brain functions. A small teleost fish, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), has gained popularity in neuroscience research, and albeit (like other fishes) lacking cortex, its brain performs well some key functions (e.g., memory, consciousness and motivation) with complex, context-specific and well-defined behaviors. Can rodent and zebrafish models help generate insights into the role of cortex in brain functions, and dissect its cortex-specific (vs. non-cortical) functions? To address this conceptual question, here we evaluate brain functionality in intact vs. decorticated rodents and further compare it in the zebrafish, a naturally occurring acortical species. Overall, comparing cortical and acortical rodent models with naturally acortical zebrafish reveals both distinct and overlapping contributions of neocortex and 'precortical' zebrafish telencephalic regions to higher brain functions. Albeit morphologically different, mammalian neocortex and fish pallium may possess more functional similarities than it is presently recognized, calling for further integrative research utilizing both cortical and decorticated/acortical vertebrate model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N Zabegalov
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabiano V Costa
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Konstantin B Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, COBRAIN Center, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia; Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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2
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Katchur NJ, Notterman DA. Recent insights from non-mammalian models of brain injuries: an emerging literature. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1378620. [PMID: 38566857 PMCID: PMC10985199 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1378620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health concern and is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Repetitive TBIs (rTBIs), commonly observed in contact sports, military service, and intimate partner violence (IPV), pose a significant risk for long-term sequelae. To study the long-term consequences of TBI and rTBI, researchers have typically used mammalian models to recapitulate brain injury and neurodegenerative phenotypes. However, there are several limitations to these models, including: (1) lengthy observation periods, (2) high cost, (3) difficult genetic manipulations, and (4) ethical concerns regarding prolonged and repeated injury of a large number of mammals. Aquatic vertebrate model organisms, including Petromyzon marinus (sea lampreys), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), and Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila), are emerging as valuable tools for investigating the mechanisms of rTBI and tauopathy. These non-mammalian models offer unique advantages, including genetic tractability, simpler nervous systems, cost-effectiveness, and quick discovery-based approaches and high-throughput screens for therapeutics, which facilitate the study of rTBI-induced neurodegeneration and tau-related pathology. Here, we explore the use of non-vertebrate and aquatic vertebrate models to study TBI and neurodegeneration. Drosophila, in particular, provides an opportunity to explore the longitudinal effects of mild rTBI and its impact on endogenous tau, thereby offering valuable insights into the complex interplay between rTBI, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration. These models provide a platform for mechanistic studies and therapeutic interventions, ultimately advancing our understanding of the long-term consequences associated with rTBI and potential avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. Katchur
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel A. Notterman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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3
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Gill T, Locskai LF, Burton AH, Alyenbaawi H, Wheeler T, Burton EA, Allison WT. Delivering Traumatic Brain Injury to Larval Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2707:3-22. [PMID: 37668902 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3401-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a straightforward, scalable method for administering traumatic brain injury (TBI) to zebrafish larvae. The pathological outcomes appear generalizable for all TBI types, but perhaps most closely model closed-skull, diffuse lesion (blast injury) neurotrauma. The injury is delivered by dropping a weight onto the plunger of a fluid-filled syringe containing zebrafish larvae. This model is easy to implement, cost-effective, and provides a high-throughput system that induces brain injury in many larvae at once. Unique to vertebrate TBI models, this method can be used to deliver TBI without anesthetic or other metabolic agents. The methods simulate the main aspects of traumatic brain injury in humans, providing a preclinical model to study the consequences of this prevalent injury type and a way to explore early interventions that may ameliorate subsequent neurodegeneration. We also describe a convenient method for executing pressure measurements to calibrate and validate this method. When used in concert with the genetic tools readily available in zebrafish, this model of traumatic brain injury offers opportunities to examine many mechanisms and outcomes induced by traumatic brain injury. For example, genetically encoded fluorescent reporters have been implemented with this system to measure protein misfolding and neural activity via optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Gill
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Laszlo F Locskai
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander H Burton
- Departments of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Travis Wheeler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward A Burton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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4
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Kundu S, Singh S. What Happens in TBI? A Wide Talk on Animal Models and Future Perspective. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1139-1164. [PMID: 35794772 PMCID: PMC10286592 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706094248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global healthcare concern and a leading cause of death. The most common causes of TBI include road accidents, sports injuries, violence in warzones, and falls. TBI induces neuronal cell death independent of age, gender, and genetic background. TBI survivor patients often experience long-term behavioral changes like cognitive and emotional changes. TBI affects social activity, reducing the quality and duration of life. Over the last 40 years, several rodent models have been developed to mimic different clinical outcomes of human TBI for a better understanding of pathophysiology and to check the efficacy of drugs used for TBI. However, promising neuroprotective approaches that have been used preclinically have been found to be less beneficial in clinical trials. So, there is an urgent need to find a suitable animal model for establishing a new therapeutic intervention useful for TBI. In this review, we have demonstrated the etiology of TBI and post- TBI social life alteration, and also discussed various preclinical TBI models of rodents, zebrafish, and drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Chaoul V, Awad M, Harb F, Najjar F, Hamade A, Nabout R, Soueid J. Saffron Extract Attenuates Anxiogenic Effect and Improves Cognitive Behavior in an Adult Zebrafish Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911600. [PMID: 36232902 PMCID: PMC9570094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest mortality rates worldwide, yet effective treatment remains unavailable. TBI causes inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, disruption of the blood-brain barrier and neurodegeneration that lead to loss of cognition, memory and motor skills. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, which makes it a potential candidate for TBI treatment. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) shares a high degree of genetic homology and cell signaling pathways with mammals. Its active neuro-regenerative function makes it an excellent model organism for TBI therapeutic drug identification. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of saffron administration to a TBI zebrafish model by investigating behavioral outcomes such as anxiety, fear and memory skills using a series of behavioral tests. Saffron exhibited anxiolytic effect on anxiety-like behaviors, and showed prevention of fear inhibition observed after TBI. It improved learning and enhanced memory performance. These results suggest that saffron could be a novel therapeutic enhancer for neural repair and regeneration of networks post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Chaoul
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Maria Awad
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Al Kurah P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hamade
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Rita Nabout
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Jihane Soueid
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Correspondence:
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A Novel Laser-Based Zebrafish Model for Studying Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Molecular Targets. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081751. [PMID: 36015377 PMCID: PMC9416346 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. Here, we developed a novel model of non-invasive TBI induced by laser irradiation in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and assessed their behavior and neuromorphology to validate the model and evaluate potential targets for neuroreparative treatment. Overall, TBI induced hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behavior in the novel tank test, strikingly recapitulating responses in mammalian TBI models, hence supporting the face validity of our model. NeuN-positive cell staining was markedly reduced one day, but not seven days, after TBI, suggesting increased neuronal damage immediately after the injury, and its fast recovery. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) level in the brain dropped immediately after the trauma, but fully recovered seven days later. A marker of microglial activation, Iba1, was elevated in the TBI brain, albeit decreasing from Day 3. The levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1a) increased 30 min after the injury, and recovered by Day 7, further supporting the construct validity of the model. Collectively, these findings suggest that our model of laser-induced brain injury in zebrafish reproduces mild TBI and can be a useful tool for TBI research and preclinical neuroprotective drug screening.
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Beppi C, Penner M, Straumann D, Bögli SY. A non-invasive biomechanical model of mild TBI in larval zebrafish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268901. [PMID: 35622781 PMCID: PMC9140253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild traumatic brain injury is a neurological dysfunction caused by biomechanical forces transmitted to the brain in physical impacts. The current understanding of the neuropathological cascade resulting in the manifested clinical signs and symptoms is limited due to the absence of sensitive brain imaging methods. Zebrafish are established models for the reproduction and study of neurobiological pathologies. However, all available models mostly recreate moderate-to-severe focal injuries in adult zebrafish. The present work has induced a mild brain trauma in larval zebrafish through a non-invasive biomechanical approach. A custom-made apparatus with a commercially available motor was employed to expose larvae to rapidly decelerating linear movements. The neurophysiological changes following concussion were assessed through behavioural quantifications of startle reflex locomotor distance and habituation metrics. Here we show that the injury was followed, within five minutes, by a transient anxiety state and CNS dysfunction manifested by increased startle responsivity with impaired startle habituation, putatively mirroring the human clinical sign of hypersensitivity to noise. Within a day after the injury, chronic effects arose, as evidenced by an overall reduced responsivity to sensory stimulation (lower amplitude and distance travelled along successive stimuli), reflecting the human post-concussive symptomatology. This study represents a step forward towards the establishment of a parsimonious (simple, less ethically concerning, yet sensitive) animal model of mild TBI. Our behavioural findings mimic aspects of acute and chronic effects of human concussion, which warrant further study at molecular, cellular and circuit levels. While our model opens wide avenues for studying the underlying cellular and molecular pathomechanisms, it also enables high-throughput testing of therapeutic interventions to accelerate post-concussive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Beppi
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Penner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Straumann
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Yu Bögli
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cruz-Méndez JS, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Céspedes-Rubio ÁE, Rondón-Barragán IS. Molecular characterization of myelin basic protein a (mbpa) gene from red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus). JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:8. [PMID: 35024999 PMCID: PMC8758815 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the most important structural components of the myelin sheaths in both central and peripheral nervous systems. MBP has several functions including organization of the myelin membranes, reorganization of the cytoskeleton during the myelination process, and interaction with the SH3 domain in signaling pathways. Likewise, MBP has been proposed as a marker of demyelination in traumatic brain injury and chemical exposure. Methods The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize the myelin basic protein a (mbpa) gene from the Colombian native fish, red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify the phylogenetic relationships, physicochemical characteristics, exons, intrinsically disordered regions, and conserved domains of the protein. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR in three models corresponding to sublethal chlorpyrifos exposure, acute brain injury, and anesthesia experiments. Results mbpa complete open reading frame was identified with 414 nucleotides distributed in 7 exons that encode 137 amino acids. MBPa was recognized as belonging to the myelin basic protein family, closely related with orthologous proteins, and two intrinsically disordered regions were established within the sequence. Gene expression of mbpa was upregulated in the optic chiasm of the chlorpyrifos exposed fish in contrast to the control group. Conclusions The physicochemical computed features agree with the biological functions of MBP, and basal gene expression was according to the anatomical distribution in the tissues analyzed. This study is the first molecular characterization of mbpa from the native species Piaractus brachypomus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Cruz-Méndez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Ángel Enrique Céspedes-Rubio
- Research Group in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia. .,Research Group in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Ibague, 730006299, Colombia.
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Zebrafish Blunt-Force TBI Induces Heterogenous Injury Pathologies That Mimic Human TBI and Responds with Sonic Hedgehog-Dependent Cell Proliferation across the Neuroaxis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080861. [PMID: 34440066 PMCID: PMC8389629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blunt-force traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects an increasing number of people worldwide as the range of injury severity and heterogeneity of injury pathologies have been recognized. Most current damage models utilize non-regenerative organisms, less common TBI mechanisms (penetrating, chemical, blast), and are limited in scalability of injury severity. We describe a scalable blunt-force TBI model that exhibits a wide range of human clinical pathologies and allows for the study of both injury pathology/progression and mechanisms of regenerative recovery. We modified the Marmarou weight drop model for adult zebrafish, which delivers a scalable injury spanning mild, moderate, and severe phenotypes. Following injury, zebrafish display a wide range of severity-dependent, injury-induced pathologies, including seizures, blood–brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, edema, vascular injury, decreased recovery rate, neuronal cell death, sensorimotor difficulties, and cognitive deficits. Injury-induced pathologies rapidly dissipate 4–7 days post-injury as robust cell proliferation is observed across the neuroaxis. In the cerebellum, proliferating nestin:GFP-positive cells originated from the cerebellar crest by 60 h post-injury, which then infiltrated into the granule cell layer and differentiated into neurons. Shh pathway genes increased in expression shortly following injury. Injection of the Shh agonist purmorphamine in undamaged fish induced a significant proliferative response, while the proliferative response was inhibited in injured fish treated with cyclopamine, a Shh antagonist. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a scalable blunt-force TBI to adult zebrafish results in many pathologies similar to human TBI, followed by recovery, and neuronal regeneration in a Shh-dependent manner.
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Duan K, Mayer AR, Shaff NA, Chen J, Lin D, Calhoun VD, Jensen DM, Liu J. DNA methylation under the major depression pathway predicts pediatric quality of life four-month post-pediatric mild traumatic brain injury. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:140. [PMID: 34247653 PMCID: PMC8274037 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression has been recognized as the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric complication of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Moreover, major depression is associated with poor outcomes following mTBI; however, the underlying biological mechanisms of this are largely unknown. Recently, genomic and epigenetic factors have been increasingly implicated in the recovery following TBI. RESULTS This study leveraged DNA methylation within the major depression pathway, along with demographic and behavior measures (features used in the clinical model) to predict post-concussive symptom burden and quality of life four-month post-injury in a cohort of 110 pediatric mTBI patients and 87 age-matched healthy controls. The results demonstrated that including DNA methylation markers in the major depression pathway improved the prediction accuracy for quality of life but not persistent post-concussive symptom burden. Specifically, the prediction accuracy (i.e., the correlation between the predicted value and observed value) of quality of life was improved from 0.59 (p = 1.20 × 10-3) (clinical model) to 0.71 (p = 3.89 × 10-5); the identified cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites were mainly in the open sea regions and the mapped genes were related to TBI in several molecular studies. Moreover, depression symptoms were a strong predictor (with large weights) for both post-concussive symptom burden and pediatric quality of life. CONCLUSION This study emphasized that both molecular and behavioral manifestations of depression symptoms played a prominent role in predicting the recovery process following pediatric mTBI, suggesting the urgent need to further study TBI-caused depression symptoms for better recovery outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuaikuai Duan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.,Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, 55 Park Place NE, 18th Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Nicholas A Shaff
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, 55 Park Place NE, 18th Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, 55 Park Place NE, 18th Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.,Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, 55 Park Place NE, 18th Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dawn M Jensen
- The Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, 55 Park Place NE, 18th Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
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11
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Zulazmi NA, Arulsamy A, Ali I, Zainal Abidin SA, Othman I, Shaikh MF. The utilization of small non-mammals in traumatic brain injury research: A systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:381-402. [PMID: 33539662 PMCID: PMC7941175 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has complicated underlying pathophysiology. Numerous TBI animal models have been developed over the past decade to effectively mimic the human TBI pathophysiology. These models are of mostly mammalian origin including rodents and non-human primates. However, the mammalian models demanded higher costs and have lower throughput often limiting the progress in TBI research. Thus, this systematic review aims to discuss the potential benefits of non-mammalian TBI models in terms of their face validity in resembling human TBI. Three databases were searched as follows: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, for original articles relating to non-mammalian TBI models, published between January 2010 and December 2019. A total of 29 articles were selected based on PRISMA model for critical appraisal. Zebrafish, both larvae and adult, was found to be the most utilized non-mammalian TBI model in the current literature, followed by the fruit fly and roundworm. In conclusion, non-mammalian TBI models have advantages over mammalian models especially for rapid, cost-effective, and reproducible screening of effective treatment strategies and provide an opportunity to expedite the advancement of TBI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Atiqah Zulazmi
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of NeuroscienceCentral Clinical SchoolThe Alfred HospitalMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) PlatformJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) PlatformJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
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12
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Neurotrophins Time Point Intervention after Traumatic Brain Injury: From Zebrafish to Human. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041585. [PMID: 33557335 PMCID: PMC7915547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of long-term disability, which annually involves millions of individuals. Several studies on mammals reported that neurotrophins could play a significant role in both protection and recovery of function following neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and TBI. This protective role of neurotrophins after an event of TBI has also been reported in the zebrafish model. Nevertheless, reparative mechanisms in mammalian brain are limited, and newly formed neurons do not survive for a long time. In contrast, the brain of adult fish has high regenerative properties after brain injury. The evident differences in regenerative properties between mammalian and fish brain have been ascribed to remarkable different adult neurogenesis processes. However, it is not clear if the specific role and time point contribution of each neurotrophin and receptor after TBI is conserved during vertebrate evolution. Therefore, in this review, I reported the specific role and time point of intervention for each neurotrophic factor and receptor after an event of TBI in zebrafish and mammals.
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13
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Alyenbaawi H, Kanyo R, Locskai LF, Kamali-Jamil R, DuVal MG, Bai Q, Wille H, Burton EA, Allison WT. Seizures are a druggable mechanistic link between TBI and subsequent tauopathy. eLife 2021; 10:e58744. [PMID: 33527898 PMCID: PMC7853719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent risk factor for dementias including tauopathies like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The mechanisms that promote prion-like spreading of Tau aggregates after TBI are not fully understood, in part due to lack of tractable animal models. Here, we test the putative role of seizures in promoting the spread of tauopathy. We introduce 'tauopathy reporter' zebrafish expressing a genetically encoded fluorescent Tau biosensor that reliably reports accumulation of human Tau species when seeded via intraventricular brain injections. Subjecting zebrafish larvae to a novel TBI paradigm produced various TBI features including cell death, post-traumatic seizures, and Tau inclusions. Bath application of dynamin inhibitors or anticonvulsant drugs rescued TBI-induced tauopathy and cell death. These data suggest a role for seizure activity in the prion-like seeding and spreading of tauopathy following TBI. Further work is warranted regarding anti-convulsants that dampen post-traumatic seizures as a route to moderating subsequent tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Majmaah UniversityMajmaahSaudi Arabia
| | - Richard Kanyo
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Laszlo F Locskai
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Razieh Kamali-Jamil
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Michèle G DuVal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Qing Bai
- Department of Neurology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Edward A Burton
- Department of Neurology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare SystemPittsburghUnited States
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
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14
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Abstract
Tissue or organ regeneration is a complex process with successful outcomes depending on the type of tissue and organism. Upon damage, mammals can only efficiently restore a few tissues including the liver, skin, epithelia of the lung, kidney, and gut. In contrast, lower vertebrates such as zebrafish possess an extraordinary regeneration ability, which restores the normal function of a broad spectrum of tissues including heart, fin, brain, spinal cord, and retina. This regeneration process is either mediated by the proliferation of resident stem cells, or cells that dedifferentiate into a stem cell-like. In recent years, evidence has suggested that the innate immune system can modulate stem cell activity to initiate the regenerative response to damage. This review will explore some of the newer concepts of inflammation in zebrafish regeneration in different tissues. Understanding how inflammation regulates regeneration in zebrafish would provide important clues to improve the therapeutic strategies for repairing injured mammalian tissues that do not have an inherent regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iribarne
- Center for Zebrafish Research, Department of Biological Sciences; Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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15
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Inducing different severities of traumatic brain injury in Drosophila using a piezoelectric actuator. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:263-282. [PMID: 33277631 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila models have been instrumental in providing insights into molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration, with wide application to human disease. The brain degeneration associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been modeled in Drosophila using devices that inflict trauma on multiple parts of the fly body, including the head. However, the injuries produced by these models are not specific in location and are inconsistent between individual animals. We have recently developed a device that can be used to inflict controlled head injury to flies, resulting in physiological responses that are remarkably similar to those observed in humans with TBI. This protocol describes the construction, calibration and use of the Drosophila TBI (dTBI) device, a platform that employs a piezoelectric actuator to reproducibly deliver a force in order to briefly compress the fly head against a metal surface. The extent of head compression can be controlled through an electrical circuit, allowing the operator to set different levels of injury. The entire device can be assembled and calibrated in under a week. The device components and the necessary electrical tools are readily available and cost ~$800. The dTBI device can be used to harness the power of Drosophila genetics and perform large-scale genetic or pharmacological screens, using a 7-d post-injury survival curve to identify modifiers of injury.
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16
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Vijayanathan Y, Lim SM, Tan MP, Lim FT, Majeed ABA, Ramasamy K. Adult Endogenous Dopaminergic Neuroregeneration Against Parkinson's Disease: Ideal Animal Models? Neurotox Res 2020; 39:504-532. [PMID: 33141428 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The etiology of PD remains an enigma with no available disease modifying treatment or cure. Pharmacological compensation is the only quality of life improving treatments available. Endogenous dopaminergic neuroregeneration has recently been considered a plausible therapeutic strategy for PD. However, researchers have to first decipher the complexity of adult endogenous neuroregeneration. This raises the need of animal models to understand the underlying molecular basis. Mammalian models with highly conserved genetic homology might aid researchers to identify specific molecular mechanisms. However, the scarcity of adult neuroregeneration potential in mammals obfuscates such investigations. Nowadays, non-mammalian models are gaining popularity due to their explicit ability to neuroregenerate naturally without the need of external enhancements, yet these non-mammals have a much diverse gene homology that critical molecular signals might not be conserved across species. The present review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of both mammalian and non-mammalian animal models that can be essentially used to study the potential of endogenous DpN regeneration against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuganthini Vijayanathan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fei Ting Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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17
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Zanandrea R, Bonan CD, Campos MM. Zebrafish as a model for inflammation and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2201-2211. [PMID: 33035664 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a small teleost (bony) fish used in many areas of pharmacology and toxicology. This animal model has advantages for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as the potential for real-time assessment of cell migration mechanisms. Additionally, zebrafish display a repertoire of inflammatory cells, mediators, and receptors that are similar to those in mammals, including humans. Inflammatory disease modeling in either larvae or adult zebrafish represents a promising tool for the screening of new anti-inflammatory compounds, contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the characterization of inflammatory responses in zebrafish, emphasizing its relevance for drug discovery in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Park E, McCutcheon V, Telliyan T, Liu E, Eisen R, Kinio A, Tavakkoli J, Baker AJ. Remote ischemic conditioning improves outcome independent of anesthetic effects following shockwave-induced traumatic brain injury. IBRO Rep 2020; 8:18-27. [PMID: 31909289 PMCID: PMC6939039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury due to primary blast exposure is a major cause of ongoing neurological and psychological impairment in soldiers and civilians. Animal and human evidence suggests that low-level blast exposure is capable of inducing white matter injury and behavioural deficits. There are currently no effective therapies to treat the underlying suspected pathophysiology of low-level primary blast or concussion. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been shown to have cardiac, renal and neuro-protective effects in response to brief cycles of ischemia. Here we examined the effects of RIC in two models of blast injury. We used a model of low-level primary blast in rats to evaluate the effects of RIC neurofilament expression. We subsequently used a model of traumatic brain injury in adult zebrafish using pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) to evaluate the effects of RIC on behavioural outcome and apoptosis in a post-traumatic setting. In blast exposed rats, RIC pretreatment modulated NF200 expression suggesting an innate biological buffering effect. In zebrafish, behavioural deficits and apoptosis due to pHIFU-induced brain injury were reduced following administration of serum derived from RIC rats. The results in the zebrafish model demonstrate the humoral effects of RIC independent of anesthetic effects that were observed in the rat model of injury. Our results indicate that RIC is effective in improving outcome following modeled brain trauma in pre- and post-injury paradigms. The results suggest a potential role for innate biological systems in the protection against pathophysiological processes associated with impairment following shockwave induced trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Park
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Victoria McCutcheon
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Tamar Telliyan
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Elaine Liu
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Rebecca Eisen
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Anna Kinio
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Jahan Tavakkoli
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada.,Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Canada
| | - Andrew J Baker
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada.,Departments of Anesthesia & Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
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19
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Bisese EC, Ciuba CM, Davidson AL, Kaushik A, Mullen SM, Barth JL, Hazard ES, Wilson RC, Hardiman G, Hollis DM. The acute transcriptome response of the midbrain/diencephalon to injury in the adult mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Mol Brain 2019; 12:119. [PMID: 31888716 PMCID: PMC6937918 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult fish produce new cells throughout their central nervous system during the course of their lives and maintain a tremendous capacity to repair damaged neural tissue. Much of the focus on understanding brain repair and regeneration in adult fish has been directed at regions of the brainstem and forebrain; however, the mesencephalon (midbrain) and diencephalon have received little attention. We sought to examine differential gene expression in the midbrain/diencephalon in response to injury in the adult fish using RNA-seq. Using the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), we administered a mechanical lesion to the midbrain/diencephalon and examined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at an acute recovery time of 1 h post-injury. Comparisons of whole transcriptomes derived from isolated RNA of intact and injured midbrain/diencephalic tissue identified 404 DEGs with the vast majority being upregulated. Using qPCR, we validated the upregulation of DEGs pim-2-like, syndecan-4-like, and cd83. Based on genes both familiar and novel regarding the adult brain response to injury, these data provide an extensive molecular profile giving insight into a range of cellular processes involved in the injury response of a brain regenerative-capable vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Bisese
- Department of Biology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA
| | - Chandler M Ciuba
- Department of Biology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA
| | - Amelia L Davidson
- Department of Biology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA
| | - Akanksha Kaushik
- Department of Biology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA
| | - Sabrina M Mullen
- Department of Biology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA
| | - Jeremy L Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,School of Biological Sciences & Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - David M Hollis
- Department of Biology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA.
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20
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Shah EJ, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Mammalian Models of Traumatic Brain Injury and a Place for Drosophila in TBI Research. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:409. [PMID: 31105519 PMCID: PMC6499071 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), caused by a sudden blow or jolt to the brain that disrupts normal function, is an emerging health epidemic with ∼2.5 million cases occurring annually in the United States that are severe enough to cause hospitalization or death. Most common causes of TBI include contact sports, vehicle crashes and domestic violence or war injuries. Injury to the central nervous system is one of the most consistent candidates for initiating the molecular and cellular cascades that result in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Not every TBI event is alike with effects varying from person to person. The majority of people recover from mild TBI within a short period of time, but repeated incidents can have deleterious long-lasting effects which depend on factors such as the number of TBIs sustained, time till medical attention, age, gender and genetics of the individual. Despite extensive research, many questions still remain regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of long-term effects from TBI as well as recovery of brain function. In this review, we present an overview of TBI pathology, discuss mammalian models for TBI and focus on current methods using Drosophila melanogaster as a model for TBI study. The relatively small brain size (∼100,000 neurons and glia), conserved neurotransmitter signaling mechanisms and sophisticated genetics of Drosophila allows for cell biological, molecular and genetic analyses that are impractical in mammalian models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J. Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M. Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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21
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Ueda Y, Shimizu Y, Shimizu N, Ishitani T, Ohshima T. Involvement of sonic hedgehog and notch signaling in regenerative neurogenesis in adult zebrafish optic tectum after stab injury. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2360-2372. [PMID: 30014463 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Unlike humans and other mammals, adult zebrafish have the superior capability to recover from central nervous system (CNS) injury. We previously found that proliferation of radial glia (RG) is induced in response to stab injury in optic tectum and that new neurons are generated from RG after stab injury. However, molecular mechanisms which regulate proliferation and differentiation of RG are not well known. In the present study, we investigated Shh and Notch signaling as potential mechanisms regulating regeneration in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish. We used Shh reporter fish and confirmed that canonical Shh signaling is activated specifically in RG after stab injury. Moreover, we have shown that Shh signaling promotes RG proliferation and suppresses their differentiation into neurons after stab injury. In contrast, Notch signaling was down-regulated after stab injury, indicated by the decrease in the expression level of her4 and her6, a target gene of Notch signaling. We also found that inhibition of Notch signaling after stab injury induced more proliferative RG, but that inhibition of Notch signaling inhibited generation of newborn neurons from RG after stab injury. These results suggest that high level of Notch signaling keeps RG quiescent and that appropriate level of Notch signaling is required for generation of newborn neurons from RG. Under physiological condition, activation of Shh signaling or inhibition of Notch signaling also induced RG proliferation. In adult optic tectum of zebrafish, canonical Shh signaling and Notch signaling play important roles in proliferation and differentiation of RG in physiological and regenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ueda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Lab of Integrated Signaling Systems, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Lindsey BW, Hall ZJ, Heuzé A, Joly JS, Tropepe V, Kaslin J. The role of neuro-epithelial-like and radial-glial stem and progenitor cells in development, plasticity, and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:99-114. [PMID: 29902500 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the primary source of new neurons in the brain and serve critical roles in tissue homeostasis and plasticity throughout life. Within the vertebrate brain, NSPCs are located within distinct neurogenic niches differing in their location, cellular composition, and proliferative behaviour. Heterogeneity in the NSPC population is hypothesized to reflect varying capacities for neurogenesis, plasticity and repair between different neurogenic zones. Since the discovery of adult neurogenesis, studies have predominantly focused on the behaviour and biological significance of adult NSPCs (aNSPCs) in rodents. However, compared to rodents, who show lifelong neurogenesis in only two restricted neurogenic niches, zebrafish exhibit constitutive neurogenesis across multiple stem cell niches that provide new neurons to every major brain division. Accordingly, zebrafish are a powerful model to probe the unique cellular and molecular profiles of NSPCs and investigate how these profiles govern tissue homeostasis and regenerative plasticity within distinct stem cell populations over time. Amongst the NSPC populations residing in the zebrafish central nervous system (CNS), proliferating radial-glia, quiescent radial-glia and neuro-epithelial-like cells comprise the majority. Here, we provide insight into the extent to which these distinct NSPC populations function and mature during development, respond to experience, and contribute to successful CNS regeneration in teleost fish. Together, our review brings to light the dynamic biological roles of these individual NSPC populations and showcases their diverse regenerative modes to achieve vertebrate brain repair later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Lindsey
- Department of Biology, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Zachary J Hall
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Aurélie Heuzé
- CASBAH INRA group, UMR9197 Neuro-PSI, CNRS, 91 198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- CASBAH INRA group, UMR9197 Neuro-PSI, CNRS, 91 198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Vincent Tropepe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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