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Pastor J, Attali B. Opposite effects of acute and chronic IGF1 on rat dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1391858. [PMID: 38919332 PMCID: PMC11196413 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1391858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide hormone with a ubiquitous distribution in numerous tissues and with various functions in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. IGF-1 provides trophic support for many neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the central nervous system (CNS), IGF-1R signaling regulates brain development, increases neuronal firing and modulates synaptic transmission. IGF-1 and IGF-IR are not only expressed in CNS neurons but also in sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptive neurons that convey pain signals. DRG nociceptive neurons express a variety of receptors and ion channels that are essential players of neuronal excitability, notably the ligand-gated cation channel TRPV1 and the voltage-gated M-type K+ channel, which, respectively, triggers and dampens sensory neuron excitability. Although many lines of evidence suggest that IGF-IR signaling contributes to pain sensitivity, its possible modulation of TRPV1 and M-type K+ channel remains largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the impact of IGF-1R signaling on DRG neuron excitability and its modulation of TRPV1 and M-type K+ channel activities in cultured rat DRG neurons. Acute application of IGF-1 to DRG neurons triggered hyper-excitability by inducing spontaneous firing or by increasing the frequency of spikes evoked by depolarizing current injection. These effects were prevented by the IGF-1R antagonist NVP-AEW541 and by the PI3Kinase blocker wortmannin. Surprisingly, acute exposure to IGF-1 profoundly inhibited both the TRPV1 current and the spike burst evoked by capsaicin. The Src kinase inhibitor PP2 potently depressed the capsaicin-evoked spike burst but did not alter the IGF-1 inhibition of the hyperexcitability triggered by capsaicin. Chronic IGF-1 treatment (24 h) reduced the spike firing evoked by depolarizing current injection and upregulated the M-current density. In contrast, chronic IGF-1 markedly increased the spike burst evoked by capsaicin. In all, our data suggest that IGF-1 exerts complex effects on DRG neuron excitability as revealed by its dual and opposite actions upon acute and chronic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Attali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Sagol School of Neurosciences-Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Noriega-Prieto JA, Maglio LE, Perez-Domper P, Dávila JC, Gutiérrez A, Torres-Alemán I, Fernández de Sevilla D. Bidirectional modulation of synaptic transmission by insulin-like growth factor-I. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1390663. [PMID: 38910964 PMCID: PMC11193368 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1390663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a key role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and is an essential factor in learning and memory processes. However, during aging, IGF-I levels are decreased, and the effect of this decrease in the induction of synaptic plasticity remains unknown. Here we show that the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) at layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the mouse barrel cortex is favored or prevented by IGF-I (10 nM) or IGF-I (7 nM), respectively, when IGF-I is applied 1 h before the induction of Hebbian LTP. Analyzing the cellular basis of this bidirectional control of synaptic plasticity, we observed that while 10 nM IGF-I generates LTP (LTPIGF-I) of the post-synaptic potentials (PSPs) by inducing long-term depression (LTD) of the inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs), 7 nM IGF-I generates LTD of the PSPs (LTDIGF-I) by inducing LTD of the excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs). This bidirectional effect of IGF-I is supported by the observation of IGF-IR immunoreactivity at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Therefore, IGF-I controls the induction of Hebbian NMDAR-dependent plasticity depending on its concentration, revealing novel cellular mechanisms of IGF-I on synaptic plasticity and in the learning and memory machinery of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Noriega-Prieto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laura Eva Maglio
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Perez-Domper
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Dávila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16440. [PMID: 38003628 PMCID: PMC10671249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14000, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Tu X, Jain A, Parra Bueno P, Decker H, Liu X, Yasuda R. Local autocrine plasticity signaling in single dendritic spines by insulin-like growth factors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0666. [PMID: 37531435 PMCID: PMC10396292 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The insulin superfamily of peptides is essential for homeostasis as well as neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Here, we show that insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) are differentially expressed in hippocampal neurons and released in an activity-dependent manner. Using a new fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor for IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging, we find that the release of IGF1 triggers rapid local autocrine IGF1R activation on the same spine and more than several micrometers along the stimulated dendrite, regulating the plasticity of the activated spine in CA1 pyramidal neurons. In CA3 neurons, IGF2, instead of IGF1, is responsible for IGF1R autocrine activation and synaptic plasticity. Thus, our study demonstrates the cell type-specific roles of IGF1 and IGF2 in hippocampal plasticity and a plasticity mechanism mediated by the synthesis and autocrine signaling of IGF peptides in pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tu
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Jupiter, FL, USA
- FAU/Max Planck Florida Institute Joint Graduate Program in Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Anant Jain
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Paula Parra Bueno
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Helena Decker
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
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5
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Nuñez A, Zegarra-Valdivia J, Fernandez de Sevilla D, Pignatelli J, Torres Aleman I. The neurobiology of insulin-like growth factor I: From neuroprotection to modulation of brain states. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3220-3230. [PMID: 37353586 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
After decades of research in the neurobiology of IGF-I, its role as a prototypical neurotrophic factor is undisputed. However, many of its actions in the adult brain indicate that this growth factor is not only involved in brain development or in the response to injury. Following a three-layer assessment of its role in the central nervous system, we consider that at the cellular level, IGF-I is indeed a bona fide neurotrophic factor, modulating along ontogeny the generation and function of all the major types of brain cells, contributing to sculpt brain architecture and adaptive responses to damage. At the circuit level, IGF-I modulates neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity at multiple sites, whereas at the system level, IGF-I intervenes in energy allocation, proteostasis, circadian cycles, mood, and cognition. Local and peripheral sources of brain IGF-I input contribute to a spatially restricted, compartmentalized, and timed modulation of brain activity. To better define these variety of actions, we consider IGF-I a modulator of brain states. This definition aims to reconcile all aspects of IGF-I neurobiology, and may provide a new conceptual framework in the design of future research on the actions of this multitasking neuromodulator in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú
| | - D Fernandez de Sevilla
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pignatelli
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain.
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6
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Britton R, Wasley T, Harish R, Holz C, Hall J, Yee DC, Melton Witt J, Booth EA, Braithwaite S, Czirr E, Kerrisk Campbell M. Noncanonical Activity of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) Improves Cognition and Synapse Density in Aging. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0031-23.2023. [PMID: 37321845 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0031-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral administration of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2), a protein inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), has previously been shown to have beneficial effects on cognition and neurons in aged mice. Here, to better understand the potential of recombinant TIMP2 proteins, an IgG4Fc fusion protein (TIMP2-hIgG4) was developed to extend the plasma half-life of TIMP2. Following one month of administration of TIMP2 or TIMP2-hIgG4 via intraperitoneal injections, 23-month-old male C57BL/6J mice showed improved hippocampal-dependent memory in a Y-maze, increased hippocampal cfos gene expression, and increased excitatory synapse density in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Thus, fusion to hIgG4 extended the half-life of TIMP2 while retaining the beneficial cognitive and neuronal effects. Moreover, it retained its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. To deepen the mechanistic understanding of the beneficial function of TIMP2 on neuronal activity and cognition, a TIMP2 construct lacking MMP inhibitory activity, Ala-TIMP2, was generated, which provides steric hindrance that prevents inhibition of MMPs by the TIMP2 protein while still allowing MMP binding. A comprehensive assessment of the MMP inhibitory and binding capacity of these engineered proteins is outlined. Surprisingly, MMP inhibition by TIMP2 was not essential for its beneficial effects on cognition and neuronal function. These findings both confirm previously published research, expand on the potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of TIMP2, and provide important details for a therapeutic path forward for TIMP2 recombinant proteins in aging-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tristan Wasley
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | - Charles Holz
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - John Hall
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Dennis C Yee
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | | | | | - Eva Czirr
- Alkahest, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070
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Chaves-Coira I, García-Magro N, Zegarra-Valdivia J, Torres-Alemán I, Núñez Á. Cognitive Deficits in Aging Related to Changes in Basal Forebrain Neuronal Activity. Cells 2023; 12:1477. [PMID: 37296598 PMCID: PMC10252596 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process accompanied by a decline in cognitive performance. The cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain provide projections to the cortex that are directly engaged in many cognitive processes in mammals. In addition, basal forebrain neurons contribute to the generation of different rhythms in the EEG along the sleep/wakefulness cycle. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances grouped around the changes in basal forebrain activity during healthy aging. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of brain function and their decline is especially relevant in today's society as an increasingly aged population faces higher risks of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The profound age-related cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative diseases associated with basal forebrain dysfunction highlight the importance of investigating the aging of this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chaves-Coira
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria García-Magro
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-V.); (I.T.-A.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 02001, Peru
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-V.); (I.T.-A.)
- Ikerbasque Science Foundation, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ángel Núñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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8
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Loss of brain energy metabolism control as a driver for memory impairment upon insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:287-301. [PMID: 36606696 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms intersecting metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders include insulin resistance, which has a strong involvement of environmental factors. Besides central regulation of whole-body homeostasis, insulin in the central nervous system controls molecular signalling that is critical for cognitive performance, namely signalling through pathways that modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This review provides an overview on how insulin signalling in the brain might regulate brain energy metabolism, and further identified molecular mechanisms by which brain insulin resistance might impair synaptic fuelling, and lead to cognitive deterioration.
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Kim J, Kaang BK. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor in astrocytic synaptic communication. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 14:1059918. [PMID: 36685081 PMCID: PMC9845270 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1059918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are known to actively participate in synaptic communication by forming structures called tripartite synapses. These synapses consist of presynaptic axon terminals, postsynaptic dendritic spines, and astrocytic processes where astrocytes release and receive transmitters. Although the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) has been actively studied as an important factor for mediating synaptic activity-induced responses in neurons, its role in astrocytes is relatively unknown. Synaptic signals are known to activate various downstream pathways in astrocytes, which can activate the CREB transcription factor. Therefore, there is a need to summarize studies on astrocytic intracellular pathways that are induced by synaptic communication resulting in activation of the CREB pathway. In this review, we discuss the various neurotransmitter receptors and intracellular pathways that can induce CREB activation and CREB-induced gene regulation in astrocytes.
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10
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Noriega‐Prieto JA, Kofuji P, Araque A. Endocannabinoid signaling in synaptic function. Glia 2023; 71:36-43. [PMID: 36408881 PMCID: PMC9679333 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, astrocytes have emerged as important regulatory cells actively involved in brain function by exchanging signaling with neurons. The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling is widely present in many brain areas, being crucially involved in multiple brain functions and animal behaviors. The present review presents and discusses current evidence demonstrating that astrocytes sense eCBs released during neuronal activity and subsequently release gliotransmitters that regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. The eCB signaling to astrocytes and the synaptic regulation mediated by astrocytes activated by eCBs are complex phenomena that exhibit exquisite spatial and temporal properties, a wide variety of downstream signaling mechanisms, and a large diversity of functional synaptic outcomes. Studies investigating this topic have revealed novel regulatory processes of synaptic function, like the lateral regulation of synaptic transmission and the active involvement of astrocytes in the spike-timing dependent plasticity, originally thought to be exclusively mediated by the coincident activity of pre- and postsynaptic neurons, following Hebbian rules for associative learning. Finally, the critical influence of astrocyte-mediated eCB signaling on animal behavior is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Kofuji
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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11
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Antioxidants Prevent the Effects of Physical Exercise on Visual Cortical Plasticity. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010048. [PMID: 36611842 PMCID: PMC9818657 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has been recently shown to enhance adult visual cortical plasticity, both in human subjects and animal models. While physical activity activates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism leading to a transient production of reactive oxygen species, it remains unknown whether this process is involved in the plasticizing effects elicited at the visual cortical level. RESULTS Here, we investigated whether counteracting oxidative stress through a dietary intervention with antioxidants (vitamins E and C) interferes with the impact of physical exercise on visual cortex plasticity in adult rats. Antioxidant supplementation beyond the closure of the critical period blocked ocular dominance plasticity in response to eye deprivation induced by physical activity in adult rats. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidants exerted their action through a mithormetic effect that involved dampening of oxidative stress and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling in the brain.
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Zegarra-Valdivia J, Fernandez AM, Martinez-Rachadell L, Herrero-Labrador R, Fernandes J, Torres Aleman I. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in astrocytes exert different effects on behavior and Alzheimer´s-like pathology. F1000Res 2022; 11:663. [PMID: 36636477 PMCID: PMC9823242 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121901.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pleiotropic actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the brain are context- and cell-dependent, but whether this holds for their receptors (insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), respectively), is less clear. Methods: We compared mice lacking IR or IGF-IR in glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes in a tamoxifen-regulated manner, to clarify their role in this type of glial cells, as the majority of data of their actions in brain have been obtained in neurons. Results: We observed that mice lacking IR in GFAP astrocytes (GFAP IR KO mice) develop mood disturbances and maintained intact cognition, while at the same time show greater pathology when cross-bred with APP/PS1 mice, a model of familial Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Conversely, mice lacking IGF-IR in GFAP astrocytes (GFAP-IGF-IR KO mice) show cognitive disturbances, maintained mood tone, and show control-dependent changes in AD-like pathology. Conclusions: These observations confirm that the role of IR and IGF-IR in the brain is cell-specific and context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain,Cajal Institute, Madrid, 28002, Spain,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain,Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Jansen Fernandes
- Cajal Institute, Madrid, 28002, Spain,Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain,Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain,
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13
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Kruyer A. Astrocyte Heterogeneity in Regulation of Synaptic Activity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193135. [PMID: 36231097 PMCID: PMC9562199 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our awareness of the number of synapse regulatory functions performed by astroglia is rapidly expanding, raising interesting questions regarding astrocyte heterogeneity and specialization across brain regions. Whether all astrocytes are poised to signal in a multitude of ways, or are instead tuned to surrounding synapses and how astroglial signaling is altered in psychiatric and cognitive disorders are fundamental questions for the field. In recent years, molecular and morphological characterization of astroglial types has broadened our ability to design studies to better analyze and manipulate specific functions of astroglia. Recent data emerging from these studies will be discussed in depth in this review. I also highlight remaining questions emerging from new techniques recently applied toward understanding the roles of astrocytes in synapse regulation in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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14
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons from adult prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2022; 217:109204. [PMID: 35931212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) influences synaptic function in addition to its role in brain development and aging. Although the expression levels of IGF1 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) peak during development and decline with age, the adult brain has abundant IGF1 or IGF1R expression. Studies reveal that IGF1 regulates the synaptic transmission in neurons from young animals. However, the action of IGF1 on neurons in the adult brain is still unclear. Here, we used prefrontal cortical (PFC) slices from adult mice (∼8 weeks old) to characterize the role of IGF1 on excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We first validated IGF1R expression in pyramidal neurons using translating ribosomal affinity purification assay. Then, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we found that IGF1 attenuated the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) without affecting the frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSC. Furthermore, this decrease in excitatory neurotransmission was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R or conditionally knockdown of IGF1R in PFC pyramidal neurons. In addition, we determined that IGF1-induced decrease of EPSC amplitude was due to postsynaptic effect (internalization of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid receptors [AMPAR]) rather than presynaptic glutamate release. Finally, we found that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype-1 (mGluR1) abolished IGF1-induced attenuation of evoked EPSC amplitude and decrease of AMPAR expression at synaptic membrane, suggesting mGluR1-mediated endocytosis of AMPAR was involved. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that IGF1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in adult PFC via the interaction between IGF1R-dependent signaling pathway and mGluR1-mediated AMPAR endocytosis.
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Noriega-Prieto JA, Maglio LE, Ibáñez-Santana S, de Sevilla DF. Endocannabinoid and Nitric Oxide-Dependent IGF-I-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity at Mice Barrel Cortex. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101641. [PMID: 35626678 PMCID: PMC9140009 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays a key role in learning and memory. IGF-I increases the spiking and induces synaptic plasticity in the mice barrel cortex (Noriega-Prieto et al., 2021), favoring the induction of the long-term potentiation (LTP) by Spike Timing-Dependent Protocols (STDP) (Noriega-Prieto et al., 2021). Here, we studied whether these IGF-I effects depend on endocannabinoids (eCBs) and nitric oxide (NO). We recorded both excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked by stimulation of the basal dendrites of layer II/III pyramidal neurons of the Barrel Cortex and analyzed the effect of IGF-I in the presence of a CB1R antagonist, AM251, and inhibitor of the NO synthesis, L-NAME, to prevent the eCBs and the NO-mediated signaling. Interestingly, L-NAME abolished any modulatory effect of the IGF-I-induced excitatory and inhibitory transmission changes, suggesting the essential role of NO. Surprisingly, the inhibition of CB1Rs did not only block the potentiation of EPSCs but reversed to a depression, highlighting the remarkable functions of the eCB system. In conclusion, eCBs and NO play a vital role in deciding the sign of the effects induced by IGF-I in the neocortex, suggesting a neuromodulatory interplay among IGF-I, NO, and eCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Noriega-Prieto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.N.-P.); (L.E.M.); (S.I.-S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura Eva Maglio
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.N.-P.); (L.E.M.); (S.I.-S.)
| | - Sara Ibáñez-Santana
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.N.-P.); (L.E.M.); (S.I.-S.)
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.N.-P.); (L.E.M.); (S.I.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Gruber T, García-Cáceres C. Astroglial clean-up of satiety synapses. Nat Metab 2022; 4:505-506. [PMID: 35501600 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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García-Magro N, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Troyas-Martinez S, Torres-Aleman I, Nuñez A. Response Facilitation Induced by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Mice Was Reduced in Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040717. [PMID: 35203366 PMCID: PMC8870291 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in cognition that can be due to a lower IGF-I level. We studied response facilitation induced in primary somatosensory (S1) cortical neurons by repetitive stimulation of whiskers in young and old mice. Layer 2/3 and 5/6 neurons were extracellularly recorded in young (≤ 6 months of age) and old (≥ 20 month of age) anesthetized mice. IGF-I injection in S1 cortex (10 nM; 0.2 μL) increased whisker responses in young and old animals. A stimulation train at 8 Hz induced a long-lasting response facilitation in only layer 2/3 neurons of young animals. However, all cortical neurons from young and old animals showed long-lasting response facilitation when IGF-I was applied in the S1 cortex. The reduction in response facilitation in old animals can be due to a reduction in the IGF-I receptors as was indicated by the immunohistochemistry study. Furthermore, a reduction in the performance of a whisker discrimination task was observed in old animals. In conclusion, our findings indicate that there is a reduction in the synaptic plasticity of S1 neurons during aging that can be recovered by IGF-I. Therefore, it opens the possibility of use IGF-I as a therapeutic tool to ameliorate the effects of heathy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria García-Magro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
- Cajal Institute, Cibernet (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain;
- Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 02001, Peru
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Troyas-Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
| | - Ignacio Torres-Aleman
- Cajal Institute, Cibernet (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain;
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Insulin-like growth factor I mitigates post-traumatic stress by inhibiting AMP-kinase in orexin neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2182-2196. [PMID: 35115701 PMCID: PMC9126821 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive coping behaviors are probably involved in post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We now report that mice lacking functional insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors in orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (Firoc mice) are unresponsive to the anxiolytic actions of IGF-I and develop PTSD-like behavior that is ameliorated by inhibition of orexin neurons. Conversely, systemic IGF-I treatment ameliorated PTSD-like behavior in a wild-type mouse model of PTSD (PTSD mice). Further, systemic IGF-I modified the GABA/Glutamate synaptic structure in orexin neurons of naïve wild-type mice by increasing the dephosphorylation of GABA(B) receptor subunit through inhibition of AMP-kinase (AMPK). Significantly, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK mimicked IGF-I, normalizing fear behavior in PTSD mice. Thus, we suggest that IGF-I enables coping behaviors by balancing E/I input onto orexin neurons in a context-dependent manner. These observations provide a novel therapeutic approach to PTSD through modulation of AMPK.
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Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Durkee C, Kofuji P, Navarrete M, Araque A. Astrocyte and neuron cooperation in long-term depression. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:837-848. [PMID: 34334233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent long-term changes in synaptic transmission known as synaptic plasticity are fundamental processes in brain function and are recognized as the cellular basis of learning and memory. While the neuronal mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity have been largely identified, the involvement of astrocytes in these processes has been less recognized. However, astrocytes are emerging as important cells that regulate synaptic function by interacting with neurons at tripartite synapses. In this review, we discuss recent evidence suggesting that astrocytes are necessary elements in long-term synaptic depression (LTD). We highlight the mechanistic heterogeneity of astrocyte contribution to this form of synaptic plasticity and propose that astrocytes are integral participants in LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Durkee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paulo Kofuji
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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