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He Y, Xu Z, He Y, Liu J, Li J, Wang S, Xiao L. Preventing production of new oligodendrocytes impairs remyelination and sustains behavioural deficits after demyelination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150592. [PMID: 39213705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Damage to oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin sheaths (demyelination) has been shown to be associated with numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Remyelination is a rare and reliable regenerative response that occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). It is generally believed that OL progenitor cells (OPCs) are the cell source to generate new OLs to remyelinate the demyelinated axons. However, several recent studies have argued that pre-existing mature OLs that survive within the demyelinated area are responsible for remyelination. Here, by conditional knock-out (KO) of a transcription factor gene that is essential for OPC differentiation, namely myelin regulatory factor (Myrf), to block the production of adult new OLs and examined its effect on remyelination after cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination. We found that OPCs specific Myrf cKO mice show dramatic impairment in remyelination after 4 weeks of recovery from 5 weeks of CPZ diet and they leave over significant behavioral deficits such as anxiety-like behavior, decreased motor skills, and impaired memory compared to control mice that have recovered for the same time. Our data support the idea that OPCs are the major cell sources for myelin regeneration, suggesting that targeting the activation of OPCs and promoting their differentiation to boost new OLs production is critical for therapeutic intervention for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua He
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yongxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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2
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Teng XY, Hu P, Zhang CM, Zhang QX, Yang G, Zang YY, Liu ZX, Chen G, Shi YS. OPALIN is an LGI1 receptor promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403652121. [PMID: 39083419 PMCID: PMC11317624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403652121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1), a secretory protein in the brain, plays a critical role in myelination; dysfunction of this protein leads to hypomyelination and white matter abnormalities (WMAs). Here, we hypothesized that LGI1 may regulate myelination through binding to an unidentified receptor on the membrane of oligodendrocytes (OLs). To search for this hypothetic receptor, we analyzed LGI1 binding proteins through LGI1-3 × FLAG affinity chromatography with mouse brain lysates followed by mass spectrometry. An OL-specific membrane protein, the oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein (OPALIN), was identified. Conditional knockout (cKO) of OPALIN in the OL lineage caused hypomyelination and WMAs, phenocopying LGI1 deficiency in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed the downregulation of Sox10 and Olig2, transcription factors critical for OL differentiation, further confirming the impaired OL maturation in Opalin cKO mice. Moreover, virus-mediated re-expression of OPALIN successfully restored myelination in Opalin cKO mice. In contrast, re-expression of LGI1-unbound OPALIN_K23A/D26A failed to reverse the hypomyelination phenotype. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that OPALIN on the OL membrane serves as an LGI1 receptor, highlighting the importance of the LGI1/OPALIN complex in orchestrating OL differentiation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Teng
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, 519031Hengqin, Zhuhai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210032Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, 210004Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Ming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Xin Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, 210004Nanjing, China
| | - Guolin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210032Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210032Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, 519031Hengqin, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guiquan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210032Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, 519031Hengqin, Zhuhai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210032Nanjing, China
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3
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He Y, Xie H, Xu Z, Zhang L, Feng Y, Long Y, Wang S, He Y, Li J, Zou Y, Zheng W, Xiao L. Rapid and prolonged response of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in standard acute cuprizone demyelination model revealed by in situ hybridization. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137869. [PMID: 38852766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Dietary administration of a copper chelator, cuprizone (CPZ), has long been reported to induce intense and reproducible demyelination of several brain structures such as the corpus callosum. Despite the widespread use of CPZ as an animal model for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the mechanism by which it induces demyelination and then allows robust remyelination is still unclear. An intensive mapping of the cell dynamics of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage during the de- and remyelination course would be particularly important for a deeper understanding of this model. Here, using a panel of OL lineage cell markers as in situ hybridization (ISH) probes, including Pdgfra, Plp, Mbp, Mog, Enpp6, combined with immunofluorescence staining of CC1, SOX10, we provide a detailed dynamic profile of OL lineage cells during the entire course of the model from 1, 2, 3.5 days, 1, 2, 3, 4,5 weeks of CPZ treatment, as well as after 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks of recovery from CPZ treatment. The result showed an unexpected early death of mature OLs and response of OL progenitor cells (OPCs) in vivo upon CPZ challenge, and a prolonged upregulation of myelin-forming OLs compared to the intact control even 4 weeks after CPZ withdrawal. These data may serve as a basic reference system for future studies of the effects of any intervention on de- and remyelination using the CPZ model, and imply the need to optimize the timing windows for the introduction of pro-remyelination therapies in demyelinating diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua He
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - ZhengTao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Liuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuanyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yu Long
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yongxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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4
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Gao Y, Slomnicki LP, Kilanczyk E, Forston MD, Pietrzak M, Rouchka EC, Howard RM, Whittemore SR, Hetman M. Reduced Expression of Oligodendrocyte Linage-Enriched Transcripts During the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Integrated Stress Response. ASN Neuro 2024; 16:2371162. [PMID: 39024571 PMCID: PMC11262469 DOI: 10.1080/17590914.2024.2371162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in oligodendrocyte (OL) linage cells contributes to several CNS pathologies including traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, primary rat OL precursor cell (OPC) transcriptomes were analyzed using RNASeq after treatments with two ER stress-inducing drugs, thapsigargin (TG) or tunicamycin (TM). Gene ontology term (GO) enrichment showed that both drugs upregulated mRNAs associated with the general stress response. The GOs related to ER stress were only enriched for TM-upregulated mRNAs, suggesting greater ER stress selectivity of TM. Both TG and TM downregulated cell cycle/cell proliferation-associated transcripts, indicating the anti-proliferative effects of ER stress. Interestingly, many OL lineage-enriched mRNAs were downregulated, including those for transcription factors that drive OL identity such as Olig2. Moreover, ER stress-associated decreases of OL-specific gene expression were found in mature OLs from mouse models of white matter pathologies including contusive SCI, toxin-induced demyelination, and Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration. Taken together, the disrupted transcriptomic fingerprint of OL lineage cells may facilitate myelin degeneration and/or dysfunction when pathological ER stress persists in OL lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Gao
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lukasz P Slomnicki
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ewa Kilanczyk
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael D Forston
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Russell M Howard
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michal Hetman
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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5
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Michalettos G, Clausen F, Özen I, Ruscher K, Marklund N. Impaired oligodendrogenesis in the white matter of aged mice following diffuse traumatic brain injury. Glia 2024; 72:728-747. [PMID: 38180164 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Senescence is a negative prognostic factor for outcome and recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced white matter injury may be partially due to oligodendrocyte demise. We hypothesized that the regenerative capacity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) declines with age. To test this hypothesis, the regenerative capability of OPCs in young [(10 weeks ±2 (SD)] and aged [(62 weeks ±10 (SD)] mice was studied in mice subjected to central fluid percussion injury (cFPI), a TBI model causing widespread white matter injury. Proliferating OPCs were assessed by immunohistochemistry for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) marker and labeled by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) administered daily through intraperitoneal injections (50 mg/kg) from day 2 to day 6 after cFPI. Proliferating OPCs were quantified in the corpus callosum and external capsule on day 2 and 7 post-injury (dpi). The number of PCNA/Olig2-positive and EdU/Olig2-positive cells were increased at 2dpi (p < .01) and 7dpi (p < .01), respectively, in young mice subjected to cFPI, changes not observed in aged mice. Proliferating Olig2+/Nestin+ cells were less common (p < .05) in the white matter of brain-injured aged mice, without difference in proliferating Olig2+/PDGFRα+ cells, indicating a diminished proliferation of progenitors with different spatial origin. Following TBI, co-staining for EdU/CC1/Olig2 revealed a reduced number of newly generated mature oligodendrocytes in the white matter of aged mice when compared to the young, brain-injured mice (p < .05). We observed an age-related decline of oligodendrogenesis following experimental TBI that may contribute to the worse outcome of elderly patients following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrik Clausen
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilknur Özen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Qi YB, Xu Z, Shen S, Wang Z, Wang Z. MYRF: A unique transmembrane transcription factor- from proteolytic self-processing to its multifaceted roles in animal development. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300209. [PMID: 38488284 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The Myelin Regulator Factor (MYRF) is a master regulator governing myelin formation and maintenance in the central nervous system. The conservation of MYRF across metazoans and its broad tissue expression suggest it has functions extending beyond the well-established role in myelination. Loss of MYRF results in developmental lethality in both invertebrates and vertebrates, and MYRF haploinsufficiency in humans causes MYRF-related Cardiac Urogenital Syndrome, underscoring its importance in animal development; however, these mechanisms are largely unexplored. MYRF, an unconventional transcription factor, begins embedded in the membrane and undergoes intramolecular chaperone mediated trimerization, which triggers self-cleavage, allowing its N-terminal segment with an Ig-fold DNA-binding domain to enter the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Recent research suggests developmental regulation of cleavage, yet the mechanisms remain enigmatic. While some parts of MYRF's structure have been elucidated, others remain obscure, leaving questions about how these motifs are linked to its intricate processing and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan B Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqian Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Ball G, Oldham S, Kyriakopoulou V, Williams LZJ, Karolis V, Price A, Hutter J, Seal ML, Alexander-Bloch A, Hajnal JV, Edwards AD, Robinson EC, Seidlitz J. Molecular signatures of cortical expansion in the human fetal brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580198. [PMID: 38405710 PMCID: PMC10888819 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The third trimester of human gestation is characterised by rapid increases in brain volume and cortical surface area. A growing catalogue of cells in the prenatal brain has revealed remarkable molecular diversity across cortical areas.1,2 Despite this, little is known about how this translates into the patterns of differential cortical expansion observed in humans during the latter stages of gestation. Here we present a new resource, μBrain, to facilitate knowledge translation between molecular and anatomical descriptions of the prenatal developing brain. Built using generative artificial intelligence, μBrain is a three-dimensional cellular-resolution digital atlas combining publicly-available serial sections of the postmortem human brain at 21 weeks gestation3 with bulk tissue microarray data, sampled across 29 cortical regions and 5 transient tissue zones.4 Using μBrain, we evaluate the molecular signatures of preferentially-expanded cortical regions during human gestation, quantified in utero using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We find that differences in the rates of expansion across cortical areas during gestation respect anatomical and evolutionary boundaries between cortical types5 and are founded upon extended periods of upper-layer cortical neuron migration that continue beyond mid-gestation. We identify a set of genes that are upregulated from mid-gestation and highly expressed in rapidly expanding neocortex, which are implicated in genetic disorders with cognitive sequelae. Our findings demonstrate a spatial coupling between areal differences in the timing of neurogenesis and rates of expansion across the neocortical sheet during the prenatal epoch. The μBrain atlas is available from: https://garedaba.github.io/micro-brain/ and provides a new tool to comprehensively map early brain development across domains, model systems and resolution scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ball
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Oldham
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V Kyriakopoulou
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Z J Williams
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - V Karolis
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M L Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A D Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E C Robinson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Seidlitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Zhang C, Chen Z, Zhang D, Wang X, Qiu M, Tan Z. Role of Gltp in Maturation of Oligodendrocytes Under the Regulation of Nkx2.2. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4897-4908. [PMID: 37191854 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Myelin, a lipid-enriched multi-layer membrane structure, allows for rapid long-distance saltatory conduction of neuronal impulses. Although glycolipids are the predominant types of lipids in the myelin bilayer, the role of glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP), which selectively mediates the transfer of various glycolipids between phospholipid bilayer, in myelin development and maintenance remains unknown at present. In this study, we identified Gltp as the key lipid metabolism gene in myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs) through integrated omics analysis across independent transcriptomic and single-cell sequencing studies. Gene expression analysis revealed that Gltp is selectively expressed in the differentiated OLs. Functional study demonstrated that its expression is essential for the differentiation of OLs, and promotes the outgrowth of OL membrane. Moreover, we found that the expression of Gltp is regulated by OL-lineage transcriptional factors, such as NKX2.2, OLIG2, SOX10, and MYRF. These findings provide important insights into the unrecognized functions of Gltp in OL differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Tan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Xu J, Zhang B, Cai J, Peng Q, Hu J, Askar P, Shangguan J, Su W, Zhu C, Sun H, Zhou S, Chen G, Yang X, Gu Y. The transcription factor Stat-1 is essential for Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and myelin sheath regeneration. Mol Med 2023; 29:79. [PMID: 37365519 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin sheath is a crucial accessory to the functional nerve-fiber unit, its disruption or loss can lead to axonal degeneration and subsequent neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Notwithstanding of substantial progress in possible molecular mechanisms underlying myelination, there is no therapeutics that prevent demyelination in NDs. Therefore, it is crucial to seek for potential intervention targets. Here, we focused on the transcriptional factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1), to explore its effects on myelination and its potential as a drug target. METHODS By analyzing the transcriptome data obtained from Schwann cells (SCs) at different stages of myelination, it was found that Stat1 might be involved in myelination. To test this, we used the following experiments: (1) In vivo, the effect of Stat1 on remyelination was observed in an in vivo myelination mode with Stat1 knockdown in sciatic nerves or specific knockdown in SCs. (2) In vitro, the RNA interference combined with cell proliferation assay, scratch assay, SC aggregate sphere migration assay, and a SC differentiation model, were used to assess the effects of Stat1 on SC proliferation, migration and differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq), RNA-Seq, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase activity reporter assay were performed to investigate the possible mechanisms of Stat1 regulating myelination. RESULTS Stat1 is important for myelination. Stat1 knockdown in nerve or in SCs reduces the axonal remyelination in the injured sciatic nerve of rats. Deletion of Stat1 in SCs blocks SC differentiation thereby inhibiting the myelination program. Stat1 interacts with the promoter of Rab11-family interacting protein 1 (Rab11fip1) to initiate SC differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that Stat1 regulates SC differentiation to control myelinogenic programs and repair, uncover a novel function of Stat1, providing a candidate molecule for clinical intervention in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyi Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Parizat Askar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Shangguan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ustunel S, Sternbach S, Prévôt ME, Freeman EJ, McDonough JA, Clements RJ, Hegmann E. 3D
Co‐culturing of human neuroblastoma and human oligodendrocytes, emulating native tissue using
3D
porous biodegradable liquid crystal elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Ustunel
- Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
| | - Marianne E. Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
| | - Ernie J. Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
| | - Jennifer A. McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
| | - Robert J. Clements
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
- Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
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11
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Ouyang J, Sun W, Shen H, Liu X, Wu Y, Jiang H, Li X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Li S, Xiao X, Hejtmancik JF, Tan Z, Zhang Q. Truncation mutations in MYRF underlie primary angle closure glaucoma. Hum Genet 2023; 142:103-123. [PMID: 36129575 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in myelin regulatory factor (MYRF), a gene mapped to 11q12-q13.3, are responsible for autosomal dominant high hyperopia and seem to be associated with angle closure glaucoma, which is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Whether there is a causal link from the MYRF mutations to the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remains unclear at this time. Six truncation mutations, including five novel and one previously reported, in MYRF are identified in seven new probands with hyperopia, of whom all six adults have glaucoma, further confirming the association of MYRF mutations with PACG. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates enriched expression of MYRF in the ciliary body and ganglion cell layer in humans and mice. Myrfmut/+ mice have elevated IOP and fewer ganglion cells along with thinner retinal nerve fiber layer with ganglion cell layer than wild-type. Transcriptome sequencing of Myrfmut/+ retinas shows downregulation of Dnmt3a, a gene previously associated with PACG. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates a physical association of DNMT3A with MYRF. DNA methylation sequencing identifies several glaucoma-related cell events in Myrfmut/+ retinas. The interaction between MYRF and DNMT3A underlies MYRF-associated PACG and provides clues for pursuing further investigation into the pathogenesis of PACG and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingchen Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Molecular Ophthalmic Genetics Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Zhiqun Tan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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12
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Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Miliaras D, Kesidou E, Boziki M, Petratos S, Grigoriadis N, Theotokis P. Developmental Cues and Molecular Drivers in Myelinogenesis: Revisiting Early Life to Re-Evaluate the Integrity of CNS Myelin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3208-3237. [PMID: 35877446 PMCID: PMC9324160 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) coordinates its communication through saltatory conduction, facilitated by myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs). Despite the fact that neurogenesis from stem cell niches has caught the majority of attention in recent years, oligodendrogenesis and, more specifically, the molecular underpinnings behind OL-dependent myelinogenesis, remain largely unknown. In this comprehensive review, we determine the developmental cues and molecular drivers which regulate normal myelination both at the prenatal and postnatal periods. We have indexed the individual stages of myelinogenesis sequentially; from the initiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, including migration and proliferation, to first contact with the axon that enlists positive and negative regulators for myelination, until the ultimate maintenance of the axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Here, we highlight multiple developmental pathways that are key to successful myelin formation and define the molecular pathways that can potentially be targets for pharmacological interventions in a variety of neurological disorders that exhibit demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Dimosthenis Miliaras
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Khan S. Endoplasmic Reticulum in Metaplasticity: From Information Processing to Synaptic Proteostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5630-5655. [PMID: 35739409 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is a Ca2+ reservoir and the unique protein-synthesizing machinery which is distributed throughout the neuron and composed of multiple different structural domains. One such domain is called EMC (endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex), pleiotropic nature in cellular functions. The ER/EMC position inside the neurons unmasks its contribution to synaptic plasticity via regulating various cellular processes from protein synthesis to Ca2+ signaling. Since presynaptic Ca2+ channels and postsynaptic ionotropic receptors are organized into the nanodomains, thus ER can be a crucial player in establishing TMNCs (transsynaptic molecular nanocolumns) to shape efficient neural communications. This review hypothesized that ER is not only involved in stress-mediated neurodegeneration but also axon regrowth, remyelination, neurotransmitter switching, information processing, and regulation of pre- and post-synaptic functions. Thus ER might not only be a protein-synthesizing and quality control machinery but also orchestrates plasticity of plasticity (metaplasticity) within the neuron to execute higher-order brain functions and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumsuzzaman Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Wang S, Wang Y, Zou S. A Glance at the Molecules That Regulate Oligodendrocyte Myelination. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2194-2216. [PMID: 35678678 PMCID: PMC9164040 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) myelination is a critical process for the neuronal axon function in the central nervous system. After demyelination occurs because of pathophysiology, remyelination makes repairs similar to myelination. Proliferation and differentiation are the two main stages in OL myelination, and most factors commonly play converse roles in these two stages, except for a few factors and signaling pathways, such as OLIG2 (Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2). Moreover, some OL maturation gene mutations induce hypomyelination or hypermyelination without an obvious function in proliferation and differentiation. Herein, three types of factors regulating myelination are reviewed in sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqi Wang
- Institute of Life Science & School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.W.); (Y.W.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yingxing Wang
- Institute of Life Science & School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Suqi Zou
- Institute of Life Science & School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.W.); (Y.W.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Li Y, Su P, Chen Y, Nie J, Yuan TF, Wong AH, Liu F. The Eph receptor A4 plays a role in demyelination and depression-related behavior. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e152187. [PMID: 35271507 PMCID: PMC9012277 DOI: 10.1172/jci152187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper myelination of axons is crucial for normal sensory, motor, and cognitive function. Abnormal myelination is seen in brain disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), but the molecular mechanisms connecting demyelination with the pathobiology remain largely unknown. We observed demyelination and synaptic deficits in mice exposed to either chronic, unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or LPS, 2 paradigms for inducing depression-like states. Pharmacological restoration of myelination normalized both synaptic deficits and depression-related behaviors. Furthermore, we found increased ephrin A4 receptor (EphA4) expression in the excitatory neurons of mice subjected to CUMS, and shRNA knockdown of EphA4 prevented demyelination and depression-like behaviors. These animal data are consistent with the decrease in myelin basic protein and the increase in EphA4 levels we observed in postmortem brain samples from patients with MDD. Our results provide insights into the etiology of depressive symptoms in some patients and suggest that inhibition of EphA4 or the promotion of myelination could be a promising strategy for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Su
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Albert H.C. Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Departments of Psychiatry
- Institutes of Medical Science
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, and
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Departments of Psychiatry
- Institutes of Medical Science
- Physiology at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Quan L, Uyeda A, Muramatsu R. Central nervous system regeneration: the roles of glial cells in the potential molecular mechanism underlying remyelination. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:7. [PMID: 35232486 PMCID: PMC8888026 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) injuries and diseases. However, the roles of these cells and the molecular mechanisms toward regeneration in the CNS have not been fully understood, especially the capacity of them toward demyelinating diseases. Therefore, there are still very limited therapeutic strategies to restore the function of adult CNS in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Remyelination, a spontaneous regeneration process in the CNS, requires the involvement of multiple cellular and extracellular components. Promoting remyelination by therapeutic interventions is a promising novel approach to restore the CNS function. Herein, we review the role of glial cells in CNS diseases and injuries. Particularly, we discuss the roles of glia and their functional interactions and regulatory mechanisms in remyelination, as well as the current therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Quan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Uyeda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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17
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Huang H, Wu H, He W, Zhou F, Yu X, Yi M, Du J, Xie B, Qiu M. Id2 and Id4 are not the major negative regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation during early central nervous system development. Glia 2021; 70:590-601. [PMID: 34889481 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelin sheathes ensure the rapid conduction of neural impulse and provide nutritional support for neurons. Myelin sheathes are formed by differentiated oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system. During OL development, the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature OLs is controlled by both positive differentiation factors (drivers) and negative regulatory factors (brakes). Previous studies have suggested Id2 and Id4 as the key negative factors for OL differentiation. However, these conclusions were mainly based on in vitro studies and the reported OL phenotype in Id4 mutants appear to be mild. In this study, we systematically investigated the in vivo function of Id2 and Id4 genes in OL differentiation in their genetic mutants and in embryonic chicken spinal cord. Our results showed that disruption of Id4 has no effect on OL differentiation and maturation, whereas Id2 mutants and Id2/Id4 compound mutants display a mild and transient precocity of OL differentiation. In agreement with these loss-of-function studies, Id2, but not Id4, is weakly expressed in OPCs. Despite their minor roles in OL differentiation, forced expression of Id2 and Id4 in embryonic chicken spinal cords strongly inhibit the differentiation of OPCs. Taken together, our detailed functional and expressional studies strongly suggest that Id2 and Id4 are not the major in vivo repressors of OPC differentiation during animal development, shedding new light on the molecular regulation of early OL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjun He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianxian Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Du J, Yi M, Zhou F, He W, Yang A, Qiu M, Huang H. S100B is selectively expressed by gray matter protoplasmic astrocytes and myelinating oligodendrocytes in the developing CNS. Mol Brain 2021; 14:154. [PMID: 34615523 PMCID: PMC8496084 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the development of central nervous system (CNS) primarily rely on the use of specific molecular markers for different types of neural cells. S100B is widely being used as a specific marker for astrocytes in the CNS. However, the specificity of its expression in astrocyte lineage has not been systematically investigated and thus has remained a lingering issue. In this study, we provide several lines of molecular and genetic evidences that S100B is expressed in both protoplasmic astrocytes and myelinating oligodendrocytes. In the developing spinal cord, S100B is first expressed in the ventral neuroepithelial cells, and later in ALDH1L1+/GS+ astrocytes in the gray matter. Meanwhile, nearly all the S100B+ cells in the white matter are SOX10+/MYRF+ oligodendrocytes. Consistent with this observation, S100B expression is selectively lost in the white matter in Olig2-null mutants in which oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are not produced, and dramatically reduced in Myrf-conditional knockout mutants in which OPCs fail to differentiate. Similar expression patterns of S100B are observed in the developing forebrain. Based on these molecular and genetic studies, we conclude that S100B is not a specific marker for astrocyte lineage; instead, it marks protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter and differentiating oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Min Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Wanjun He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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19
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Alpha lipoic acid ameliorates detrimental effects of maternal lipopolysaccharides exposure on prefrontal white matter in adult male offspring rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102038. [PMID: 34610418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the maternal immune system by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), all of which play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many offspring neurodevelopmental disorders. Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) is a natural compound that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was performed to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to LPS on the prefrontal white matter of rat offspring and evaluate the potential protective effects of ALA co-administration during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 each group): (1) control, (2) received LPS (100 μg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP) on gestational day 9.5 (GD 9.5), (3) received ALA (20 mg/kg) from GD1 to GD11, (4) LPS+ALA received LPS on GD9.5 and ALA from GD1 to GD11, (5 and 6) received LPS and ALA vehicle respectively. In each group, 21-day old male offspring (2 male pups from each mother) was harvested, and then their prefrontal white matter was separated and prepared for the ultrastructural, stereological, and molecular assays. RESULTS In utero exposure to LPS led to a significant decrease in nerve cell counts, ultrastructural alterations in myelinated axons, and abnormal changes in genes expression of Sox10,Olig1,yrf,Wnt in the prefrontal of the rat offspring. Co-administration of ALA resulted in amelioration of those abnormal changes in the LPS rat offspring. CONCLUSION The findings of our preclinical study, explore that prenatal ALA treatment efficiently protects the nervous system against LPS induced abnormal changes in the offspring.
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20
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Sock E, Wegner M. Using the lineage determinants Olig2 and Sox10 to explore transcriptional regulation of oligodendrocyte development. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:892-901. [PMID: 34480425 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors Olig2 and Sox10 jointly define oligodendroglial identity. Because of their continuous presence during development and in the differentiated state they shape the oligodendroglial regulatory network at all times. In this review, we exploit their eminent role and omnipresence to elaborate the central principles that organize the gene regulatory network in oligodendrocytes in such a way that it preserves its identity, but at the same time allows defined and stimulus-dependent changes that result in an ordered lineage progression, differentiation, and myelination. For this purpose, we outline the multiple functional and physical interactions and intricate cross-regulatory relationships with other transcription factors, such as Hes5, Id, and SoxD proteins, in oligodendrocyte precursors and Tcf7l2, Sip1, Nkx2.2, Zfp24, and Myrf during differentiation and myelination, and interpret them in the context of the regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Wu P, Zhen X, Li B, Yu Q, Huang X, Shi N. Crystal structure of the MyRF ICA domain with its upstream β-helical stalk reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying its trimerization and self-cleavage. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2931-2943. [PMID: 34345217 PMCID: PMC8326128 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin gene regulatory factor (MyRF), a novel membrane transcription factor expressed on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, functions as a trimer. The trimerization of MyRF is associated with a fragment between the DNA binding domain and transmembrane domain that shares homology with the triple-β-helix and intramolecular chaperone autocleavage (ICA) domain of phage tailspike proteins. The molecular details of these domains in eukaryotes have not been elucidated. Here, we present the crystal structure of the MyRF ICA domain with its upstream β-helical stalk, determined at 2.4Å resolution. The structure showed that its upstream β-helical stalk is different from the triple β-helix reported before. This is the first structure of the mammalian protein with a triple β-helix. Structure analysis demonstrated that the triple α-helical coiled-coil formed at the MyRF ICA domain C-terminal was the main driving force for the trimerization. Additionally, our findings showed that MyRF was cleaved via a highly conserved serine-lysine catalytic dyad mechanism and that cleavage would be activated only if the ICA domains were organized as trimers. In contrast to the viral ICA domain, almost no interaction was found between the MyRF ICA domain and its upstream neighboring β-helix of the stalk; thus, activation of self-cleavage may not be triggered by the upstream region of the ICA domain, contrary to the observations made in phages. These findings provided an important insight into the molecular mechanisms of MyRF trimerization and self-cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 230 Baoding Road, Hongkou, Shanghai, 200082, China
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22
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Xia SL, Li M, Chen B, Wang C, Yan YH, Dong MQ, Qi YB. The LRR-TM protein PAN-1 interacts with MYRF to promote its nuclear translocation in synaptic remodeling. eLife 2021; 10:e67628. [PMID: 33950834 PMCID: PMC8099431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits develop through a plastic phase orchestrated by genetic programs and environmental signals. We have identified a leucine-rich-repeat domain transmembrane protein PAN-1 as a factor required for synaptic rewiring in C. elegans. PAN-1 localizes on cell membrane and binds with MYRF, a membrane-bound transcription factor indispensable for promoting synaptic rewiring. Full-length MYRF was known to undergo self-cleavage on ER membrane and release its transcriptional N-terminal fragment in cultured cells. We surprisingly find that MYRF trafficking to cell membrane before cleavage is pivotal for C. elegans development and the timing of N-MYRF release coincides with the onset of synaptic rewiring. On cell membrane PAN-1 and MYRF interact with each other via their extracellular regions. Loss of PAN-1 abolishes MYRF cell membrane localization, consequently blocking myrf-dependent neuronal rewiring process. Thus, through interactions with a cooperating factor on the cell membrane, MYRF may link cell surface activities to transcriptional cascades required for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Li Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Meng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yong-Hong Yan
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yingchuan B Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
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23
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Huang H, Zhou F, Zhou S, Qiu M. MYRF: A Mysterious Membrane-Bound Transcription Factor Involved in Myelin Development and Human Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:881-884. [PMID: 33864620 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shiyou Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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24
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A novel proline substitution (Arg201Pro) in alpha helix 8 of TMEM98 causes autosomal dominant nanophthalmos-4, closed angle glaucoma and attenuated visual acuity. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108497. [PMID: 33596443 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanophthalmos-4 is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by two known variations in TMEM98. An Austrian Caucasian pedigree was identified suffering from nanophthalmos and late onset angle-closure glaucoma and premature loss of visual acuity. Whole exome sequencing identified segregation of a c.602G > C transversion in TMEM98 (p.Arg201Pro) as potentially causative. A protein homology model generated showed a TMEM98 structure comprising α4, α5/6, α7 and α8 antiparallel helix bundles and two predicted transmembrane domains in α1 and α7 that have been confirmed in vitro. Both p.Arg201Pro and the two missense variations representing proline insertions identified previously to cause nanophthalmos-4 (p.Ala193Pro and p.His196Pro) are located in the charge polarized helix α8 (p.183-p210). Stability of the C-terminal alpha helical structure of TMEM98 is therefore essential to prevent the development of human nanophthalmos-4. Precise molecular diagnosis could lead to the development of tailored therapies for patients with orphan ocular disease.
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25
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Prasov L, Guan B, Ullah E, Archer SM, Ayres BM, Besirli CG, Wiinikka-Buesser L, Comer GM, Del Monte MA, Elner SG, Garnai SJ, Huryn LA, Johnson K, Kamat SS, Lieu P, Mian SI, Rygiel CA, Serpen JY, Pawar HS, Brooks BP, Moroi SE, Richards JE, Hufnagel RB. Novel TMEM98, MFRP, PRSS56 variants in a large United States high hyperopia and nanophthalmos cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19986. [PMID: 33203948 PMCID: PMC7672112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanophthalmos is a rare condition defined by a small, structurally normal eye with resultant high hyperopia. While six genes have been implicated in this hereditary condition (MFRP, PRSS56, MYRF, TMEM98, CRB1,VMD2/BEST1), the relative contribution of these to nanophthalmos or to less severe high hyperopia (≥ + 5.50 spherical equivalent) has not been fully elucidated. We collected probands and families (n = 56) with high hyperopia or nanophthalmos (≤ 21.0 mm axial length). Of 53 families that passed quality control, plausible genetic diagnoses were identified in 10/53 (18.8%) by high-throughput panel or pooled exome sequencing. These include 1 TMEM98 family (1.9%), 5 MFRP families (9.4%), and 4 PRSS56 families (7.5%), with 4 additional families having single allelic hits in MFRP or PRSS56 (7.5%). A novel deleterious TMEM98 variant (NM_015544.3, c.602G>C, p.(Arg201Pro)) segregated with disease in 4 affected members of a family. Multiple novel missense and frameshift variants in MFRP and PRSS56 were identified. PRSS56 families were more likely to have choroidal folds than other solved families, while MFRP families were more likely to have retinal degeneration. Together, this study defines the prevalence of nanophthalmos gene variants in high hyperopia and nanophthalmos and indicates that a large fraction of cases remain outside of single gene coding sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Prasov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Bin Guan
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Archer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Bernadete M Ayres
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Laurel Wiinikka-Buesser
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Grant M Comer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Monte A Del Monte
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Susan G Elner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sarah J Garnai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Laryssa A Huryn
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kayla Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shivani S Kamat
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Philip Lieu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shahzad I Mian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Christine A Rygiel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jasmine Y Serpen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.,Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hemant S Pawar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sayoko E Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Julia E Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Fang M, Yu Q, Ou B, Huang H, Yi M, Xie B, Yang A, Qiu M, Xu X. Genetic Evidence that Dorsal Spinal Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells are Capable of Myelinating Ventral Axons Effectively in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1474-1483. [PMID: 33051817 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing spinal cord, the majority of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are induced in the ventral neuroepithelium under the control of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, whereas a small subset of OPCs are generated from the dorsal neuroepithelial cells independent of the Shh pathway. Although dorsally-derived OPCs (dOPCs) have been shown to participate in local axonal myelination in the dorsolateral regions during development, it is not known whether they are capable of migrating into the ventral region and myelinating ventral axons. In this study, we confirmed and extended the previous study on the developmental potential of dOPCs in the absence of ventrally-derived OPCs (vOPCs). In Nestin-Smo conditional knockout (cKO) mice, when ventral oligodendrogenesis was blocked, dOPCs were found to undergo rapid amplification, spread to ventral spinal tissue, and eventually differentiated into myelinating OLs in the ventral white matter with a temporal delay, providing genetic evidence that dOPCs are capable of myelinating ventral axons in the mouse spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxi Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Baiyan Ou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Min Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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27
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Milan M, Balestrieri C, Alfarano G, Polletti S, Prosperini E, Nicoli P, Spaggiari P, Zerbi A, Cirulli V, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. Pancreatic Cancer Cells Require the Transcription Factor MYRF to Maintain ER Homeostasis. Dev Cell 2020; 55:398-412.e7. [PMID: 32997974 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors of endodermal origin are composed of highly secretory cancer cells that must adapt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activity to enable proper folding of secreted proteins and prevent ER stress. We found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) overexpress the myelin regulatory factor (MYRF), an ER membrane-associated transcription factor (TF) released by self-cleavage. MYRF was expressed in the well-differentiated secretory cancer cells, but not in the poorly differentiated quasi-mesenchymal cells that coexist in the same tumor. MYRF expression was controlled by the epithelial identity TF HNF1B, and it acted to fine-tune the expression of genes encoding highly glycosylated, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, thus preventing ER overload. MYRF-deficient PDAC cells showed signs of ER stress, impaired proliferation, and an inability to form spheroids in vitro, while in vivo they generated highly secretory but poorly proliferating and hypocellular tumors. These data indicate a role of MYRF in the control of ER homeostasis in highly secretory PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Milan
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Alfarano
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Polletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Prosperini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.
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28
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Kuchtey RW. Not too long, not too short: Goldilocks principle of eye size. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008914. [PMID: 32667907 PMCID: PMC7363070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W. Kuchtey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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29
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Xiao G, Du J, Wu H, Ge X, Xu X, Yang A, Zhu Y, Hu X, Zheng K, Zhu Q, Qiu M. Differential Inhibition of Sox10 Functions by Notch-Hes Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:653-662. [PMID: 31782037 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system, the terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Recent studies have suggested that the Notch-Hes signaling pathway influences the maturation of oligodendrocytes in culture and during development. However, the specific Notch receptors and their downstream effectors Hes genes that are involved in oligodendrocyte maturation have not been investigated systematically. In this study, we showed that Notch1 and Notch3 are expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during gliogenesis, and Hes5 is the major Notch downstream transcription factor that is transiently expressed in OPCs. Overexpression of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Hes5 proteins in embryonic chicken spinal cord suppressed both the endogenous and Sox10-induced Mbp gene expression. Unexpectedly, overexpression of NICD/Hes5 did not inhibit Sox10 induction of Olig2 expression and Myrf induced Mbp expression, suggesting the differential inhibitory effects of NICD/Hes5 signaling on Sox10 activation of myelin-related genes and early progenitor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiu Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xinqi Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Cross SH, Mckie L, Hurd TW, Riley S, Wills J, Barnard AR, Young F, MacLaren RE, Jackson IJ. The nanophthalmos protein TMEM98 inhibits MYRF self-cleavage and is required for eye size specification. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008583. [PMID: 32236127 PMCID: PMC7153906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise control of eye size is essential for normal vision. TMEM98 is a highly conserved and widely expressed gene which appears to be involved in eye size regulation. Mutations in human TMEM98 are found in patients with nanophthalmos (very small eyes) and variants near the gene are associated in population studies with myopia and increased eye size. As complete loss of function mutations in mouse Tmem98 result in perinatal lethality, we produced mice deficient for Tmem98 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where Tmem98 is highly expressed. These mice have greatly enlarged eyes that are very fragile with very thin retinas, compressed choroid and thin sclera. To gain insight into the mechanism of action we used a proximity labelling approach to discover interacting proteins and identified MYRF as an interacting partner. Mutations of MYRF are also associated with nanophthalmos. The protein is an endoplasmic reticulum-tethered transcription factor which undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage to liberate the N-terminal part which then translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor. We find that TMEM98 inhibits the self-cleavage of MYRF, in a novel regulatory mechanism. In RPE lacking TMEM98, MYRF is ectopically activated and abnormally localised to the nuclei. Our findings highlight the importance of the interplay between TMEM98 and MYRF in determining the size of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally H. Cross
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Mckie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Toby W. Hurd
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Riley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jimi Wills
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alun R. Barnard
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Young
- Electron Microscopy, Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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31
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van der Wal T, Lambooij JP, van Amerongen R. TMEM98 is a negative regulator of FRAT mediated Wnt/ß-catenin signalling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227435. [PMID: 31961879 PMCID: PMC6974163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/ß-catenin signalling is crucial for maintaining the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation, both during tissue morphogenesis and in tissue maintenance throughout postnatal life. Whereas the signalling activities of the core Wnt/ß-catenin pathway components are understood in great detail, far less is known about the precise role and regulation of the many different modulators of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling that have been identified to date. Here we describe TMEM98, a putative transmembrane protein of unknown function, as an interaction partner and regulator of the GSK3-binding protein FRAT2. We show that TMEM98 reduces FRAT2 protein levels and, accordingly, inhibits the FRAT2-mediated induction of ß-catenin/TCF signalling. We also characterize the intracellular trafficking of TMEM98 in more detail and show that it is recycled between the plasma membrane and the Golgi. Together, our findings not only reveal a new layer of regulation for Wnt/ß-catenin signalling, but also a new biological activity for TMEM98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanne van der Wal
- Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Paul Lambooij
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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32
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Zhang C, Huang H, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Lu W, Qiu M. The transcription factor NKX2-2 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation through domain-specific interactions with transcriptional corepressors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1879-1888. [PMID: 31932307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain protein NK2 homeobox 2 (NKX2-2) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the control of cell fate specification and differentiation in many tissues. In the developing central nervous system, this developmentally important transcription factor functions as a transcriptional repressor that governs oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin gene expression, but the roles of various NKX2-2 structural domains in this process are unclear. In this study, using in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and coimmunoprecipitation, we determined the structural domains that mediate the repressive functions of murine NKX2-2 and identified the transcriptional corepressors that interact with it in OL cells. Through in ovo electroporation in embryonic chicken spinal cords, we demonstrate that the N-terminal Tinman domain and C-terminal domain synergistically promote OL differentiation by recruiting distinct transcriptional corepressors, including enhancer of split Groucho 3 (GRG3), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and DNA methyltransferase 3 α (DNMT3A). We also observed that the NK2-specific domain suppresses the function of the C-terminal domain in OL differentiation. These findings delineate the distinct NKX2-2 domains and their roles in OL differentiation and suggest that NKX2-2 regulates differentiation by repressing gene expression via multiple cofactors and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenwen Lu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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33
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Guo C, Zhao Z, Chen D, He S, Sun N, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li J, Zhang M, Ge J, Liu X, Zhang X, Fan Z. Detection of Clinically Relevant Genetic Variants in Chinese Patients With Nanophthalmos by Trio-Based Whole-Genome Sequencing Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2904-2913. [PMID: 31266062 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nanophthalmos is a rare genetic disorder commonly characterized by a short axial length (AL) and severe hyperopia. Mutations that have been identified through Mendelian genetic analysis can only explain a fraction of nanophthalmic cases. We investigate the clinically relevant genetic variants in nanophthalmos by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), including de novo mutations (DNMs) and inherited mutations. Methods Clinically relevant genetic variants of 11 trios (11 nanophthalmic probands and their unaffected parents) from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, China, were analyzed by WGS. We further screened three trios and 10 sporadic cases to identify the MYRF mutations. Results In two of 11 trios, without evidence of the presence of deleterious inherited autosomal variants, two DNMs of MYRF (c.789delC, p.S264fs and c.789dupC, p.S264fs) were identified in the probands. These loss-of-function DNMs were predicted to result in premature stop codons and protein structure damage in both probands. In addition, deleterious inherited genetic variants in PRSS56 and MFRP were found in eight probands of the other nine trios. Expanded screening found an additional MYRF DNM (c.1433G>C, p.R478P) in one trio and a stop-gain MYRF mutation (c.2956C>T, p.R986X) in one sporadic case, suggesting the recurrence of MYRF mutations in nanophthalmic patients. Conclusions This is the first trio-based WGS study for nanophthalmos, revealing the potential role of DNMs in MYRF and rare inherited genetic variants in PRSS56 and MFRP. The underlying mechanism of MYRF in the development of nanophthalmos needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Denghui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxiang He
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhigang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu X, Yu Q, Fang M, Yi M, Yang A, Xie B, Yang J, Zhang Z, Dai Z, Qiu M. Stage-specific regulation of oligodendrocyte development by Hedgehog signaling in the spinal cord. Glia 2019; 68:422-434. [PMID: 31605511 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of signaling pathways that control oligodendrocyte (OL) development is a prerequisite for developing novel strategies for myelin repair in neurological diseases. Despite the extensive work outlining the importance of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the commitment and generation of OL progenitor cells (OPCs), there are conflicting reports on the role of Hh signaling in regulating OL differentiation and maturation. In the present study, we systematically investigated OPC specification and differentiation in genetically modified mouse models of Smoothened (Smo), an essential component of the Hh signaling pathway in vertebrates. Through conditional gain-of-function strategy, we demonstrated that hyperactivation of Smo in neural progenitors induced transient ectopic OPC generation and precocious OL differentiation accompanied by the co-induction of Olig2 and Nkx2.2. After the commitment of OL lineage, Smo activity is not required for OL differentiation, and sustained expression of Smo in OPCs stimulated cell proliferation but inhibited terminal differentiation. These findings have uncovered the stage-specific regulation of OL development by Smo-mediated Hh signaling, providing novel insights into the molecular regulation of OL differentiation and myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minxi Fang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongmin Dai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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35
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Siggs OM, Souzeau E, Breen J, Qassim A, Zhou T, Dubowsky A, Ruddle JB, Craig JE. Autosomal dominant nanophthalmos and high hyperopia associated with a C-terminal frameshift variant in MYRF. Mol Vis 2019; 25:527-534. [PMID: 31700225 PMCID: PMC6817736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nanophthalmos is a rare subtype of microphthalmia associated with high hyperopia and an increased risk of angle-closure glaucoma. We investigated the genetic cause of nanophthalmos and high hyperopia in an autosomal dominant kindred. Methods A proband with short axial length, high hyperopia, and dextrocardia was subjected to exome sequencing. Human and rodent gene expression data sets were used to investigate the expression of relevant genes. Results We identified a segregating heterozygous frameshift variant at the 3' end of the penultimate exon of MYRF. Using Myc-MYRF chromatin immunoprecipitation data from rat oligodendrocytes, MYRF was found to bind immediately upstream of the transcriptional start site of Tmem98, a gene that itself has been implicated in autosomal dominant nanophthalmos. MYRF and TMEM98 were found to be expressed in the human retina, with a similar pattern of expression across several dissected human eye tissues. Conclusions C-terminal variants in MYRF, which are expected to escape nonsense-mediated decay, represent a rare cause of autosomal dominant nanophthalmos with or without dextrocardia or congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - James Breen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan B. Ruddle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Sun W, Xiao X, Zhang Q. Correspondence to Rossetti et al.'s review of the phenotypic spectrum associated with haploinsufficiency of MYRF. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2315-2316. [PMID: 31402558 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Göttle P, Förster M, Weyers V, Küry P, Rejdak K, Hartung HP, Kremer D. An unmet clinical need: roads to remyelination in MS. Neurol Res Pract 2019; 1:21. [PMID: 33324887 PMCID: PMC7650135 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-019-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheaths stabilize, protect, and electrically insulate axons. However, in demyelinating autoimmune CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) these sheaths are destroyed which ultimately leads to neurodegeneration. The currently available immunomodulatory drugs for MS effectively control the (auto)inflammatory facets of the disease but are unable to regenerate myelin by stimulating remyelination via oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Accordingly, there is broad consensus that the implementation of new regenerative approaches constitutes the prime goal for future MS pharmacotherapy. Main text Of note, recent years have seen several promising clinical studies investigating the potential of substances and monoclonal antibodies such as, for instance, clemastine, opicinumab, biotin, simvastatin, quetiapin and anti-GNbAC1. However, beyond these agents which have often been re-purposed from other medical indications there is a multitude of further molecules influencing OPC homeostasis. Here, we therefore discuss these possibly beneficial regulators of OPC differentiation and assess their potential as new pharmacological targets for myelin repair in MS. Conclusion Remyelination remains the most important therapeutic treatment goal in MS in order to improve clinical deficits and to avert neurodegeneration. The promising molecules presented in this review have the potential to promote remyelination and therefore warrant further translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien Weyers
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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38
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Cross SH, Mckie L, Keighren M, West K, Thaung C, Davey T, Soares DC, Sanchez-Pulido L, Jackson IJ. Missense Mutations in the Human Nanophthalmos Gene TMEM98 Cause Retinal Defects in the Mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2875-2887. [PMID: 31266059 PMCID: PMC6986908 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously found a dominant mutation, Rwhs, causing white spots on the retina accompanied by retinal folds. Here we identify the mutant gene to be Tmem98. In humans, mutations in the orthologous gene cause nanophthalmos. We modeled these mutations in mice and characterized the mutant eye phenotypes of these and Rwhs. Methods The Rwhs mutation was identified to be a missense mutation in Tmem98 by genetic mapping and sequencing. The human TMEM98 nanophthalmos missense mutations were made in the mouse gene by CRISPR-Cas9. Eyes were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and the retinas imaged using a retinal camera. Electroretinography was used to study retinal function. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy techniques were used to study adult eyes. Results An I135T mutation of Tmem98 causes the dominant Rwhs phenotype and is perinatally lethal when homozygous. Two dominant missense mutations of TMEM98, A193P and H196P, are associated with human nanophthalmos. In the mouse these mutations cause recessive retinal defects similar to the Rwhs phenotype, either alone or in combination with each other, but do not cause nanophthalmos. The retinal folds did not affect retinal function as assessed by electroretinography. Within the folds there was accumulation of disorganized outer segment material as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, and macrophages had infiltrated into these regions. Conclusions Mutations in the mouse orthologue of the human nanophthalmos gene TMEM98 do not result in small eyes. Rather, there is localized disruption of the laminar structure of the photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally H. Cross
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Mckie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Keighren
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Katrine West
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Thaung
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Davey
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh C. Soares
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Sanchez-Pulido
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
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Garnai SJ, Brinkmeier ML, Emery B, Aleman TS, Pyle LC, Veleva-Rotse B, Sisk RA, Rozsa FW, Ozel AB, Li JZ, Moroi SE, Archer SM, Lin CM, Sheskey S, Wiinikka-Buesser L, Eadie J, Urquhart JE, Black GC, Othman MI, Boehnke M, Sullivan SA, Skuta GL, Pawar HS, Katz AE, Huryn LA, Hufnagel RB, Camper SA, Richards JE, Prasov L. Variants in myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) cause autosomal dominant and syndromic nanophthalmos in humans and retinal degeneration in mice. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008130. [PMID: 31048900 PMCID: PMC6527243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanophthalmos is a rare, potentially devastating eye condition characterized by small eyes with relatively normal anatomy, a high hyperopic refractive error, and frequent association with angle closure glaucoma and vision loss. The condition constitutes the extreme of hyperopia or farsightedness, a common refractive error that is associated with strabismus and amblyopia in children. NNO1 was the first mapped nanophthalmos locus. We used combined pooled exome sequencing and strong linkage data in the large family used to map this locus to identify a canonical splice site alteration upstream of the last exon of the gene encoding myelin regulatory factor (MYRF c.3376-1G>A), a membrane bound transcription factor that undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage for nuclear localization. This variant produced a stable RNA transcript, leading to a frameshift mutation p.Gly1126Valfs*31 in the C-terminus of the protein. In addition, we identified an early truncating MYRF frameshift mutation, c.769dupC (p.S264QfsX74), in a patient with extreme axial hyperopia and syndromic features. Myrf conditional knockout mice (CKO) developed depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal degeneration supporting a role of this gene in retinal and RPE development. Furthermore, we demonstrated the reduced expression of Tmem98, another known nanophthalmos gene, in Myrf CKO mice, and the physical interaction of MYRF with TMEM98. Our study establishes MYRF as a nanophthalmos gene and uncovers a new pathway for eye growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Garnai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Brinkmeier
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Tomas S. Aleman
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Louise C. Pyle
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Biliana Veleva-Rotse
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Sisk
- Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Frank W. Rozsa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Molecular and Behavior Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jun Z. Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Sayoko E. Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Archer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Cheng-mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Sarah Sheskey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Laurel Wiinikka-Buesser
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - James Eadie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jill E. Urquhart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme C.M. Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad I. Othman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Scot A. Sullivan
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Gregory L. Skuta
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hemant S. Pawar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Alexander E. Katz
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Laryssa A. Huryn
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Sally A. Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Julia E. Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lev Prasov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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40
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Sock E, Wegner M. Transcriptional control of myelination and remyelination. Glia 2019; 67:2153-2165. [PMID: 31038810 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is an evolutionary recent differentiation program that has been independently acquired in vertebrates by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that regulating transcription factors differ substantially between both cell types. However, overall principles are similar as transcriptional control in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes combines lineage determining and stage-specific factors in complex regulatory networks. Myelination does not only occur during development, but also as remyelination in the adult. In line with the different conditions during developmental myelination and remyelination and the distinctive properties of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, transcriptional regulation of remyelination exhibits unique features and differs between the two cell types. This review gives an overview of the current state in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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41
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Ge X, Xiao G, Huang H, Du J, Tao Y, Yang A, Wu H, Zhang Z, Qiu M. Stage-dependent regulation of oligodendrocyte development and enhancement of myelin repair by dominant negative Master-mind 1 protein. Glia 2019; 67:1654-1666. [PMID: 31038233 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling has been implicated in the inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin gene expression during early development. However, inactivation of a particular Notch or Hes gene only produces a mild phenotype in oligodendrocyte development possibly due to the functional redundancies among closely related family members. To uncover the full role of Notch signaling in myelin development and regeneration, we generated the Sox10rtTA/+ ; TetO-dnMAML1 double transgenic mice in which expression of dominant negative Master-mind 1 (dnMAML1) gene can be selectively induced in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for complete blockade of Notch signaling. It is found that dnMAML1 expression leads to robust precocious OL differentiation and premature axonal myelination in the spinal cord, possibly by upregulating Nkx2.2 and downregulating Pdgfra expression. Unexpectedly, at late embryonic stages, dnMAML1 expression dramatically increased the number of OPCs, indicating a stage-dependent effect of Notch signaling on OPC proliferation. In addition, dnMAML1 also significantly enhances axonal remyelination following chemical-induced demyelination, providing a promising therapeutic target for lesion repair in demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanxiu Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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42
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Elbaz B, Popko B. Molecular Control of Oligodendrocyte Development. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:263-277. [PMID: 30770136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a multilayer lipid membrane structure that wraps and insulates axons, allowing for the efficient propagation of action potentials. During developmental myelination of the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and migrate to their final destination, where they terminally differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons. Lineage progression and terminal differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells are under tight transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. The characterization of several recently identified regulatory factors that govern these processes, which are the focus of this review, has greatly increased our understanding of oligodendrocyte development and function. These insights are critical to facilitate efforts to enhance OPC differentiation in neurological disorders that disrupt CNS myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benayahu Elbaz
- The Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- The Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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