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Liu D, Lu J, Wei L, Yao M, Yang H, Lv P, Wang H, Zhu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Chen J, Yang QX, Zhang B. Olfactory deficit: a potential functional marker across the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1309482. [PMID: 38435057 PMCID: PMC10907997 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1309482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia that affects an estimated 32 million individuals globally. Identifying early indicators is vital for screening at-risk populations and implementing timely interventions. At present, there is an urgent need for early and sensitive biomarkers to screen individuals at risk of AD. Among all sensory biomarkers, olfaction is currently one of the most promising indicators for AD. Olfactory dysfunction signifies a decline in the ability to detect, identify, or remember odors. Within the spectrum of AD, impairment in olfactory identification precedes detectable cognitive impairments, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and even the stage of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), by several years. Olfactory impairment is closely linked to the clinical symptoms and neuropathological biomarkers of AD, accompanied by significant structural and functional abnormalities in the brain. Olfactory behavior examination can subjectively evaluate the abilities of olfactory identification, threshold, and discrimination. Olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide a relatively objective assessment of olfactory capabilities, with the potential to become a promising tool for exploring the neural mechanisms of olfactory damage in AD. Here, we provide a timely review of recent literature on the characteristics, neuropathology, and examination of olfactory dysfunction in the AD continuum. We focus on the early changes in olfactory indicators detected by behavioral and fMRI assessments and discuss the potential of these techniques in MCI and preclinical AD. Despite the challenges and limitations of existing research, olfactory dysfunction has demonstrated its value in assessing neurodegenerative diseases and may serve as an early indicator of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangpeng Wei
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiquan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing X. Yang
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
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2
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Calvo-Rodriguez M, Kharitonova EK, Snyder AC, Hou SS, Sanchez-Mico MV, Das S, Fan Z, Shirani H, Nilsson KPR, Serrano-Pozo A, Bacskai BJ. Real-time imaging of mitochondrial redox reveals increased mitochondrial oxidative stress associated with amyloid β aggregates in vivo in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:6. [PMID: 38238819 PMCID: PMC10797952 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxidative stress is a critical player in the amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity that contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Damaged mitochondria are one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species and accumulate in Aβ plaque-associated dystrophic neurites in the AD brain. Although Aβ causes neuronal mitochondria reactive oxidative stress in vitro, this has never been directly observed in vivo in the living mouse brain. Here, we tested for the first time whether Aβ plaques and soluble Aβ oligomers induce mitochondrial oxidative stress in surrounding neurons in vivo, and whether this neurotoxic effect can be abrogated using mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. METHODS We expressed a genetically encoded fluorescent ratiometric mitochondria-targeted reporter of oxidative stress in mouse models of the disease and performed intravital multiphoton microscopy of neuronal mitochondria and Aβ plaques. RESULTS For the first time, we demonstrated by direct observation in the living mouse brain exacerbated mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons after both Aβ plaque deposition and direct application of soluble oligomeric Aβ onto the brain, and determined the most likely pathological sequence of events leading to oxidative stress in vivo. Oxidative stress could be inhibited by both blocking calcium influx into mitochondria and treating with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31. Remarkably, the latter ameliorated plaque-associated dystrophic neurites without impacting Aβ plaque burden. CONCLUSIONS Considering these results, combination of mitochondria-targeted compounds with other anti-amyloid beta or anti-tau therapies hold promise as neuroprotective drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Present address: Foundational Neuroscience Center, AbbVie Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Kharitonova
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Austin C Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Steven S Hou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Maria Virtudes Sanchez-Mico
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhanyun Fan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16Th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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Neațu M, Covaliu A, Ioniță I, Jugurt A, Davidescu EI, Popescu BO. Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:60. [PMID: 38258071 PMCID: PMC11154277 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities, memory impairment, and the accumulation of abnormal proteins, specifically beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, within the brain. Despite extensive research efforts, Alzheimer's disease remains without a cure, presenting a significant global healthcare challenge. Recently, there has been an increased focus on antibody-based treatments as a potentially effective method for dealing with Alzheimer's disease. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the current status of research on antibody-based molecules as therapies for Alzheimer's disease. We will briefly mention their mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profiles while addressing the challenges and limitations encountered during their development. We also highlight some crucial considerations in antibody-based treatment development, including patient selection criteria, dosing regimens, or safety concerns. In conclusion, antibody-based therapies present a hopeful outlook for addressing Alzheimer's disease. While challenges remain, the accumulating evidence suggests that these therapies may offer substantial promise in ameliorating or preventing the progression of this debilitating condition, thus potentially enhancing the quality of life for the millions of individuals and families affected by Alzheimer's disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neațu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Covaliu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Ioniță
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Jugurt
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Irene Davidescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Mohamed-Mohamed H, García-Morales V, Sánchez Lara EM, González-Acedo A, Pardo-Moreno T, Tovar-Gálvez MI, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Ramos-Rodríguez JJ. Physiological Mechanisms Inherent to Diabetes Involved in the Development of Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol Int 2023; 15:1253-1272. [PMID: 37873836 PMCID: PMC10594452 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease reaching pandemic levels worldwide. In parallel, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two leading causes of dementia in an increasingly long-living Western society. Numerous epidemiological studies support the role of T2D as a risk factor for the development of dementia. However, few basic science studies have focused on the possible mechanisms involved in this relationship. On the other hand, this review of the literature also aims to explore the relationship between T2D, AD and VaD. The data found show that there are several alterations in the central nervous system that may be promoting the development of T2D. In addition, there are some mechanisms by which T2D may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD or VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himan Mohamed-Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Victoria García-Morales
- Physiology Area, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Pl. Falla, 9, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Encarnación María Sánchez Lara
- Department of Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - Anabel González-Acedo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Pardo-Moreno
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - María Isabel Tovar-Gálvez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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5
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Xu T, Zhu E, Zhang C, Calandrelli R, Lin P, Zhong S. High-Resolution Characterization of Human Brain Cortex with High-Fidelity Spatial Transcriptomic Slides (HiFi-Slides). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544625. [PMID: 37398363 PMCID: PMC10312654 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomic tools and platforms help researchers to inspect tissues and cells with fine details of how they differentiate in expressions and how they orient themselves. With the higher resolution we get and higher throughput of expression targets, spatial analysis can truly become the core player for cell clustering, migration study, and, eventually, the novel model for pathological study. We present the demonstration of HiFi-slide, a whole transcriptomic sequencing technique that recycles used sequenced-by-synthesis flow cell surfaces to a high-resolution spatial mapping tool that can be directly applied to tissue cell gradient analysis, gene expression analysis, cell proximity analysis, and other cellular-level spatial studies.
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6
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Marsool MDM, Prajjwal P, Reddy YB, Marsool ADM, Lam JR, Nandwana V. Newer modalities in the management of Alzheimer's dementia along with the role of aducanumab and lecanemab in the treatment of its refractory cases. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101547. [PMID: 36931947 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurological condition characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in memory, language, emotion, and cognition. It mainly affects elderly people. Due to the effects of AD, pharmaceutical medications and anticholinesterases have been vigorously promoted and approved by the FDA as a form of AD therapy. However, it was progressively found that these drugs did not address the underlying causes of AD pathogenesis; rather, they focused on the symptoms in order to enhance patients' cognitive outcomes. Consequently, a hunt for superior disease-modifying options is launched. Designing new therapeutic agents requires a thorough understanding of the neuroprotective processes and varied functions carried out by certain genes, and antibodies. In this comprehensive review article, we give an overview of the history of Alzheimer's disease, the significance of the blood-brain barrier in determining the scope of treatment options, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the current therapeutic treatment options for stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and improved Alzheimer's disease care and diagnosis. We have also included a discussion on the potential role of aducanumab and Lecanemab as a cutting-edge therapy in refractory Alzheimer's disease patients. Lecanemab has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Justin Riley Lam
- Internal Medicine, Cebu Institute of Medicine, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Varsha Nandwana
- Neurology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
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7
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Xie J, Cools L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Pauwels MJ, Vlaeminck I, De Witte C, EL Andaloussi S, Wierda K, De Groef L, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis via C3-C3aR signalling. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12306. [PMID: 36792546 PMCID: PMC9931688 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms that can influence the health of the host. Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the mechanisms behind the interplay between gut pathogens and AD are still elusive. It is known that bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) act as natural carriers of virulence factors that are central players in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen and H. pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk to develop AD. Here, we are the first to shed light on the role of OMVs derived from H. pylori on the brain in healthy conditions and on disease pathology in the case of AD. Our results reveal that H. pylori OMVs can cross the biological barriers, eventually reaching the brain. Once in the brain, these OMVs are taken up by astrocytes, which induce activation of glial cells and neuronal dysfunction, ultimately leading to exacerbated amyloid-β pathology and cognitive decline. Mechanistically, we identified a critical role for the complement component 3 (C3)-C3a receptor (C3aR) signalling in mediating the interaction between astrocytes, microglia and neurons upon the presence of gut H. pylori OMVs. Taken together, our study reveals that H. pylori has a detrimental effect on brain functionality and accelerates AD development via OMVs and C3-C3aR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Cools
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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8
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Mahaman YAR, Feng J, Huang F, Salissou MTM, Wang J, Liu R, Zhang B, Li H, Zhu F, Wang X. Moringa Oleifera Alleviates Aβ Burden and Improves Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Impairments in APP/PS1 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204284. [PMID: 36296969 PMCID: PMC9609596 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a global public health problem and the most common form of dementia. Due to the failure of many single therapies targeting the two hallmarks, Aβ and Tau, and the multifactorial etiology of AD, there is now more and more interest in nutraceutical agents with multiple effects such as Moringa oleifera (MO) that have strong anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, and neuroprotective virtues. In this study, we treated APP/PS1 mice with a methanolic extract of MO for four months and evaluated its effect on AD-related pathology in these mice using a multitude of behavioral, biochemical, and histochemical tests. Our data revealed that MO improved behavioral deficits such as anxiety-like behavior and hyperactivity and cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. MO treatment abrogated the Aβ burden to wild-type control mice levels via decreasing BACE1 and AEP and upregulating IDE, NEP, and LRP1 protein levels. Moreover, MO improved synaptic plasticity by improving the decreased GluN2B phosphorylation, the synapse-related proteins PSD95 and synapsin1 levels, the quantity and quality of dendritic spines, and neurodegeneration in the treated mice. MO is a nutraceutical agent with promising therapeutic potential that can be used in the management of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 47 Youyi Rd., Shenzhen 518001, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- College of Health, Natural and Agriculture Sciences Africa University, Mutare P.O. Box 1320, Zimbabwe
| | - Jianzhi Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 47 Youyi Rd., Shenzhen 518001, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (X.W.)
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9
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Alves-Martinez P, Atienza-Navarro I, Vargas-Soria M, Carranza-Naval MJ, Infante-Garcia C, Benavente-Fernandez I, Del Marco A, Lubian-Lopez S, Garcia-Alloza M. Caffeine Restores Neuronal Damage and Inflammatory Response in a Model of Intraventricular Hemorrhage of the Preterm Newborn. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:908045. [PMID: 36035990 PMCID: PMC9411947 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.908045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is the most frequent intracranial hemorrhage in the preterm infant (PT). Long-term GM-IVH-associated sequelae include cerebral palsy, sensory and motor impairment, learning disabilities, or neuropsychiatric disorders. The societal and health burden associated with GM-IVH is worsened by the fact that there is no successful treatment to limit or reduce brain damage and neurodevelopment disabilities. Caffeine (Caf) is a methylxanthine that binds to adenosine receptors, regularly used to treat the apnea of prematurity. While previous studies support the beneficial effects at the brain level of Caf in PT, there are no studies that specifically focus on the role of Caf in GM-IVH. Therefore, to further understand the role of Caf in GM-IVH, we have analyzed two doses of Caf (10 and 20 mg/kg) in a murine model of the disease. We have analyzed the short (P14) and long (P70) effects of the treatment on brain atrophy and neuron wellbeing, including density, curvature, and phospho-tau/total tau ratio. We have analyzed proliferation and neurogenesis, as well as microglia and hemorrhage burdens. We have also assessed the long-term effects of Caf treatment at cognitive level. To induce GM-IVH, we have administered intraventricular collagenase to P7 CD1 mice and have analyzed these animals in the short (P14) and long (P70) term. Caf showed a general neuroprotective effect in our model of GM-IVH of the PT. In our study, Caf administration diminishes brain atrophy and ventricle enlargement. Likewise, Caf limits neuronal damage, including neurite curvature and tau phosphorylation. It also contributes to maintaining neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, a neurogenic niche that is severely affected after GM-IVH. Furthermore, Caf ameliorates small vessel bleeding and inflammation in both the cortex and the subventricular zone. Observed mitigation of brain pathological features commonly associated with GM-IVH also results in a significant improvement of learning and memory abilities in the long term. Altogether, our data support the promising effects of Caf to reduce central nervous system complications associated with GM-IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alves-Martinez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Atienza-Navarro
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Salus-Infirmorum, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Benavente-Fernandez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Area of Pediatrics, Department of Child and Mother Health and Radiology, Medical School, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Section of Neonatology, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Simon Lubian-Lopez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Section of Neonatology, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Simon Lubian-Lopez, ; Monica Garcia-Alloza,
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Simon Lubian-Lopez, ; Monica Garcia-Alloza,
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10
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Qiu Q. Neural Networks in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:903269. [PMID: 35928996 PMCID: PMC9343946 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.903269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with no cure to stop its progression. Early detection, diagnosis, and intervention have become the hot spots in AD research. The long asymptomatic and slightly symptomatic phases of autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) allow studies to explore early biomarkers and the underlying pathophysiological changes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a method to detect abnormal patterns of brain activity and functional connectivity in vivo, which correlates with cognitive decline earlier than structural changes and more strongly than amyloid deposition. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the network-level findings in ADAD in fMRI studies. In general, abnormalities in brain activity were mainly found in the hippocampus, the medial temporal lobe (MTL), the posterior cortex, the cingulate cortices, and the frontal regions in ADAD. Moreover, ADAD and sporadic AD (SAD) have similar fMRI changes, but not with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Qiu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiongqiong Qiu,
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11
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Adeoye T, Shah SI, Demuro A, Rabson DA, Ullah G. Upregulated Ca 2+ Release from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Leads to Impaired Presynaptic Function in Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:2167. [PMID: 35883609 PMCID: PMC9315668 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals is primarily regulated by rapid Ca2+ influx through membrane-resident voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is extensively present in axonal terminals of neurons and plays a modulatory role in synaptic transmission by regulating Ca2+ levels. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is marked by enhanced Ca2+ release from the ER and downregulation of Ca2+ buffering proteins. However, the precise consequence of impaired Ca2+ signaling within the vicinity of VGCCs (active zone (AZ)) on exocytosis is poorly understood. Here, we perform in silico experiments of intracellular Ca2+ signaling and exocytosis in a detailed biophysical model of hippocampal synapses to investigate the effect of aberrant Ca2+ signaling on neurotransmitter release in FAD. Our model predicts that enhanced Ca2+ release from the ER increases the probability of neurotransmitter release in FAD. Moreover, over very short timescales (30-60 ms), the model exhibits activity-dependent and enhanced short-term plasticity in FAD, indicating neuronal hyperactivity-a hallmark of the disease. Similar to previous observations in AD animal models, our model reveals that during prolonged stimulation (~450 ms), pathological Ca2+ signaling increases depression and desynchronization with stimulus, causing affected synapses to operate unreliably. Overall, our work provides direct evidence in support of a crucial role played by altered Ca2+ homeostasis mediated by intracellular stores in FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Adeoye
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (T.A.); (S.I.S.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Syed I. Shah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (T.A.); (S.I.S.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Angelo Demuro
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - David A. Rabson
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (T.A.); (S.I.S.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (T.A.); (S.I.S.); (D.A.R.)
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12
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Young Adults with a Parent with Dementia Show Early Abnormalities in Brain Activity and Brain Volume in the Hippocampus: A Matched Case-Control Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040496. [PMID: 35448026 PMCID: PMC9028426 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Having a parent with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias confers a risk for developing these types of neurocognitive disorders in old age, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are understudied. Although the hippocampus is often one of the earliest brain regions to undergo change in the AD process, we do not know how early in the lifespan such changes might occur or whether they differ early in the lifespan as a function of family history of AD. Using a rare sample, young adults with a parent with late-onset dementia, we investigated whether brain abnormalities could already be detected compared with a matched sample. Moreover, we employed simple yet novel techniques to characterize resting brain activity (mean and standard deviation) and brain volume in the hippocampus. Young adults with a parent with dementia showed greater resting mean activity and smaller volumes in the left hippocampus compared to young adults without a parent with dementia. Having a parent with AD or a related dementia was associated with early aberrations in brain function and structure. This early hippocampal dysfunction may be due to aberrant neural firing, which may increase the risk for a diagnosis of dementia in old age.
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13
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Stevens DA, Workman CI, Kuwabara H, Butters MA, Savonenko A, Nassery N, Gould N, Kraut M, Joo JH, Kilgore J, Kamath V, Holt DP, Dannals RF, Nandi A, Onyike CU, Smith GS. Regional amyloid correlates of cognitive performance in ageing and mild cognitive impairment. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac016. [PMID: 35233522 PMCID: PMC8882008 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid deposition is one of the earliest pathological markers associated with Alzheimer's disease. Mild cognitive impairment in the setting of beta-amyloid deposition is considered to represent a preclinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. In vivo imaging studies are unique in their potential to advance our understanding of the role of beta-amyloid deposition in cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment. Previous work has shown an association between global cortical measures of beta-amyloid deposition ('amyloid positivity') in mild cognitive impairment with greater cognitive deficits and greater risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease. The focus of the present study was to examine the relationship between the regional distribution of beta-amyloid deposition and specific cognitive deficits in people with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal elderly individuals. Forty-seven participants with multi-domain, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (43% female, aged 57-82 years) and 37 healthy, cognitively normal comparison subjects (42% female, aged 55-82 years) underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments and high-resolution positron emission tomography with the radiotracer 11C-labelled Pittsburgh compound B to measure beta-amyloid deposition. Brain-behaviour partial least-squares analysis was conducted to identify spatial patterns of beta-amyloid deposition that correlated with the performance on neuropsychological assessments. Partial least-squares analysis identified a single significant (P < 0.001) latent variable which accounted for 80% of the covariance between demographic and cognitive measures and beta-amyloid deposition. Performance in immediate verbal recall (R = -0.46 ± 0.07, P < 0.001), delayed verbal recall (R = -0.39 ± 0.09, P < 0.001), immediate visual-spatial recall (R = -0.39 ± 0.08, P < 0.001), delayed visual-spatial recall (R = -0.45 ± 0.08, P < 0.001) and semantic fluency (R = -0.33 ± 0.11, P = 0.002) but not phonemic fluency (R = -0.05 ± 0.12, P < 0.705) negatively covaried with beta-amyloid deposition in the identified regions. Partial least-squares analysis of the same cognitive measures with grey matter volumes showed similar associations in overlapping brain regions. These findings suggest that the regional distribution of beta-amyloid deposition and grey matter volumetric decreases is associated with deficits in executive function and memory in mild cognitive impairment. Longitudinal analysis of these relationships may advance our understanding of the role of beta-amyloid deposition in relation to grey matter volumetric decreases in cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Stevens
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford I. Workman
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meryl A. Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Najilla Nassery
- Department of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Gould
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kraut
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin Hui Joo
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Kilgore
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidya Kamath
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel P. Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F. Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chiadi U. Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gwenn S. Smith
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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García-Morales V, González-Acedo A, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Pardo-Moreno T, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Montiel-Troya M, Ramos-Rodríguez JJ. Current Understanding of the Physiopathology, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1910. [PMID: 34944723 PMCID: PMC8698840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. It is characterized by cognitive decline and progressive memory loss. The aim of this review was to update the state of knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to AD. Currently, the amyloid cascade hypothesis remains the leading theory in the pathophysiology of AD. This hypothesis states that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition triggers a chemical cascade of events leading to the development of AD dementia. The antemortem diagnosis of AD is still based on clinical parameters. Diagnostic procedures in AD include fluid-based biomarkers such as those present in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma or diagnostic imaging methods. Currently, the therapeutic armory available focuses on symptom control and is based on four pillars: pharmacological treatment where acetylcholinesterase inhibitors stand out; pharmacological treatment under investigation which includes drugs focused on the control of Aβ pathology and tau hyperphosphorylation; treatment focusing on risk factors such as diabetes; or nonpharmacological treatments aimed at preventing development of the disease or treating symptoms through occupational therapy or psychological help. AD remains a largely unknown disease. Further research is needed to identify new biomarkers and therapies that can prevent progression of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria García-Morales
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Physiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Anabel González-Acedo
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (V.J.C.-R.)
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (V.J.C.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Pardo-Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria (INGESA), Primary Health Care, 51003 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - Víctor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (V.J.C.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María Montiel-Troya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
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15
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Se Thoe E, Fauzi A, Tang YQ, Chamyuang S, Chia AYY. A review on advances of treatment modalities for Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2021; 276:119129. [PMID: 33515559 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease which is mainly characterized by progressive impairment in cognition, emotion, language and memory in older population. Considering the impact of AD, formulations of pharmaceutical drugs and cholinesterase inhibitors have been widely propagated, receiving endorsement by FDA as a form of AD treatment. However, these medications were gradually discovered to be ineffective in removing the root of AD pathogenesis but merely targeting the symptoms so as to improve a patient's cognitive outcome. Hence, a search for better disease-modifying alternatives is put into motion. Having a clear understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms and diverse properties undertaken by specific genes, antibodies and nanoparticles is central towards designing novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we provide a brief introduction on the background of Alzheimer's disease, the biology of blood-brain barrier, along with the potentials and drawbacks associated with current therapeutic treatment avenues pertaining to gene therapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy for better diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen Se Thoe
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Fauzi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Chamyuang
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai 57100, Thailand; Microbial Products and Innovation Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Ashe KH. The biogenesis and biology of amyloid β oligomers in the brain. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1561-1567. [PMID: 32543725 PMCID: PMC7984270 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The repeated failure of clinical trials targeting the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein has challenged the amyloid cascade hypothesis. In this perspective, I discuss the biogenesis and biology of Aβ, from the arrangement of its atoms to its effects on the human brain. I hope that this analysis will help guide future attempts to home in on this elusive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hsiao Ashe
- Department of NeurologyN. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and CareUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, and Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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17
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McDonough IM, Festini SB, Wood MM. Risk for Alzheimer's disease: A review of long-term episodic memory encoding and retrieval fMRI studies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101133. [PMID: 32717407 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many risk factors have been identified that predict future progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, clear links have yet to be made between these risk factors and how they affect brain functioning in early stages of AD. We conducted a narrative review and a quantitative analysis to better understand the relationship between nine categories of AD risk (i.e., brain pathology, genetics/family history, vascular health, head trauma, cognitive decline, engagement in daily life, late-life depression, sex/gender, and ethnoracial group) and task-evoked fMRI activity during episodic memory in cognitively-normal older adults. Our narrative review revealed widespread regional alterations of both greater and lower brain activity with AD risk. Nevertheless, our quantitative analysis revealed that a subset of studies converged on two patterns: AD risk was associated with (1) greater brain activity in frontal and parietal regions, but (2) reduced brain activity in hippocampal and occipital regions. The brain regions affected depended on the assessed memory stage (encoding or retrieval). Although the results clearly indicate that AD risks impact brain activity, we caution against using fMRI as a diagnostic tool for AD at the current time because the above consistencies were present among much variability, even among the same risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M McDonough
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Sara B Festini
- Department of Psychology, University of Tampa, 401 W Kennedy Blvd. Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Meagan M Wood
- Department of Psychology, Valdosta State University, 1500 N. Patterson Street, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
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18
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Andrade-Talavera Y, Arroyo-García LE, Chen G, Johansson J, Fisahn A. Modulation of Kv3.1/Kv3.2 promotes gamma oscillations by rescuing Aβ-induced desynchronization of fast-spiking interneuron firing in an AD mouse model in vitro. J Physiol 2020; 598:3711-3725. [PMID: 32638407 DOI: 10.1113/jp279718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Gamma oscillations (30-80 Hz) are important for cognitive functions and depend on the synchronized activity of fast-spiking interneurons (FSN), which is crucial for network stability. Gamma oscillations are degraded in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibiting cognitive impairment, with the degree of cognitive decline correlating with the severity of gamma disruption in response to neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ). Small molecule compounds EX15 and RE01 modulate Kv3.1/Kv3.2 potassium channels on FSN, resulting in faster activation kinetics and increased firing frequency, suggesting direct consequences for cognition-relevant gamma oscillations, particularly in a situation where network activity is pathologically compromised in the presence of neurotoxic Aβ. Using electrophysiological techniques in an in vitro AD model, we found a significant effect of EX15 and RE01 with respect to counteracting toxic Aβ effects on neuronal dynamics, advocating for targeting FSN activity to rescue cognitive performance from impairment caused by neurodegenerative triggers. ABSTRACT Rhythmic electrical activity in neuronal networks such as gamma oscillations (30-80 Hz) underlies cognitive functions such as sensory perception, attention and memory. Gamma oscillations are disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal AD models, with the severity of cognitive decline correlating with the degree of rhythm disruption. Misfolded amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is assumed to be a key trigger of AD pathology and has been show to de-synchronize action potential firing in fast-spiking interneurons (FSN), which is crucial for entraining neuronal network activity into the gamma rhythm. The synchronizing activity of FSN therefore has become one of the most suitable targets to counteract disease-driven degradation of gamma oscillations and consequent cognitive decline. EX15 and RE01 are small-molecule compounds that modulate Kv3.1/Kv3.2 potassium channels, resulting in faster activation kinetics and increased FSN firing frequency. In the present study, we investigated the potential pro-cognitive effects of EX15 and RE01 by testing their ability to modulate FSN activity during ongoing gamma oscillations in normal and Aβ-disrupted network states in mouse hippocampus in vitro. In the compromised, but not the uncompromised, network state with gamma oscillations partially disrupted by Aβ, both compounds improve gamma oscillation regularity by promoting re-synchronization of FSN action potential firing. Our data suggest a therapeutic potential for compounds such as EX15 and RE01, which can rescue normal action potential firing parameters in FSN, in the search for disease-modifying drug candidates counteracting the progressive dysfunction of neuronal network dynamics that underlies the cognitive impairment typical of AD and other cognitive brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gefei Chen
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Jacobs HIL, Augustinack JC, Schultz AP, Hanseeuw BJ, Locascio J, Amariglio RE, Papp KV, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA. The presubiculum links incipient amyloid and tau pathology to memory function in older persons. Neurology 2020; 94:e1916-e1928. [PMID: 32273431 PMCID: PMC7274925 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the hippocampal subregions linking initial amyloid and tau pathology to memory performance in clinically normal older individuals, reflecting preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS A total of 127 individuals from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (mean age 76.22 ± 6.42 years, 68 women [53.5%]) with a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0, a flortaucipir tau-PET scan, a Pittsburgh compound B amyloid-PET scan, a structural MRI scan, and cognitive testing were included. From these images, we calculated neocortical, hippocampal, and entorhinal amyloid pathology; entorhinal and hippocampal tau pathology; and the volumes of 6 hippocampal subregions and total hippocampal volume. Memory was assessed with the selective reminding test. Mediation and moderation analyses modeled associations between regional markers and memory. Analyses included covariates for age, sex, and education. RESULTS Neocortical amyloid, entorhinal tau, and presubiculum volume univariately associated with memory performance. The relationship between neocortical amyloid and memory was mediated by entorhinal tau and presubiculum volume, which was modified by hippocampal amyloid burden. With other biomarkers held constant, presubiculum volume was the only marker predicting memory performance in the total sample and in individuals with elevated hippocampal amyloid burden. CONCLUSIONS The presubiculum captures unique AD-related biological variation that is not reflected in total hippocampal volume. Presubiculum volume may be a promising marker of imminent memory problems and can contribute to understanding the interaction between incipient AD-related pathologies and memory performance. The modulation by hippocampal amyloid suggests that amyloid is a necessary, but not sufficient, process to drive neurodegeneration in memory-related regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi I L Jacobs
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph Locascio
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rebecca E Amariglio
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keith A Johnson
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Angulo SL, Henzi T, Neymotin SA, Suarez MD, Lytton WW, Schwaller B, Moreno H. Amyloid pathology-produced unexpected modifications of calcium homeostasis in hippocampal subicular dendrites. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:251-261. [PMID: 31668966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to neuronal calcium dyshomeostasis, which is associated with network hyperexcitability. Decreased expression of the calcium-binding protein cal- bindin-D28K (CB) might be a susceptibility factor for AD. The subiculum is affected early in AD, for unknown reasons. METHODS In AD, CB knock-out and control mice fluorescence Ca2+ imaging combined with patch clamp were used to characterize Ca2+ dynamics, resting Ca2+ , and Ca2+ -buffering capacity in subicular neurons. CB expression levels in wild-type and AD mice were also analyzed. RESULTS The subiculum and dentate gyrus of wild-type mice showed age-related decline in CB expression not observed in AD mice. Resting Ca2+ and Ca2+ -buffering capacity was increased in aged AD mice subicular dendrites. Modeling suggests that AD calcium changes can be explained by alterations of Ca2+ extrusion pumps rather than by buffers. DISCUSSION Overall, abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis in AD has an age dependency that comprises multiple mechanisms, including compensatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio L Angulo
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Henzi
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Samuel A Neymotin
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Manuel D Suarez
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - William W Lytton
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Herman Moreno
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Friesen M, Meyer-Luehmann M. Aβ Seeding as a Tool to Study Cerebral Amyloidosis and Associated Pathology. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:233. [PMID: 31632238 PMCID: PMC6783493 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins can form aggregates and induce a self-perpetuating process leading to the amplification and spreading of pathological protein assemblies. These misfolded protein assemblies act as seeds of aggregation. In an in vivo exogenous seeding model, both the features of seeds and the position at which seeding originates are precisely defined. Ample evidence from studies on intracerebal injection of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-rich brain extracts suggests that Aβ aggregation can be initiated by prion-like seeding. In this mini-review article, we will summarize the past and current literature on Aβ seeding in mouse models of AD and discuss its implementation as a tool to study cerebral amyloidosis and associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Friesen
- Department of Neurology/Neurodegeneration, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology/Neurodegeneration, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Sleep architecture changes in the APP23 mouse model manifest at onset of cognitive deficits. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112089. [PMID: 31325518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which accounts for most of the dementia cases, is, aside from cognitive deterioration, often characterized by the presence of non-cognitive symptoms such as activity and sleep disturbances. AD patients typically experience increased sleep fragmentation, excessive daytime sleepiness and night-time insomnia. Here, we sought to investigate the link between sleep architecture, cognition and amyloid pathology in the APP23 amyloidosis mouse model for AD. By means of polysomnographic recordings the sleep-wake cycle of freely-moving APP23 and wild-type (WT) littermates of 3, 6 and 12 months of age was examined. In addition, ambulatory cage activity was assessed by interruption of infrared beams surrounding the home cage. To assess visuo-spatial learning and memory a hidden-platform Morris-type Water Maze (MWM) experiment was performed. We found that sleep architecture is only slightly altered at early stages of pathology, but significantly deteriorates from 12 months of age, when amyloid plaques become diffusely present. APP23 mice of 12 months old had quantitative reductions of NREM and REM sleep and were more awake during the dark phase compared to WT littermates. These findings were confirmed by increased ambulatory cage activity during that phase of the light-dark cycle. No quantitative differences in sleep parameters were observed during the light phase. However, during this light phase, the sleep pattern of APP23 mice was more fragmented from 6 months of age, the point at which also cognitive abilities started to be affected in the MWM. Sleep time also positively correlated with MWM performance. We also found that spectral components in the EEG started to alter at the age of 6 months. To conclude, our results indicate that sleep architectural changes arise around the time the first amyloid plaques start to form and cognitive deterioration becomes apparent. These changes start subtle, but gradually worsen with age, adequately mimicking the clinical condition.
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Shi J, Zhang X, Ni J, Wei M, Li T, Zhou B, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang P, Tian J, Wang Y. The influence of GAPT extraction on synapse loss of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice via adjusting Bcl-2/Bax balance. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:724-736. [PMID: 30581978 PMCID: PMC6295930 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The degeneration of memory-focused synapses play important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, while it is not well known how β amyloid interferes neuron apoptosis and how a herbal combination GAPT influence synapse loss and neuronal apoptosis pathways of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Methods Three-month and six-month APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were used. Spatial and memory ability were measured by Morris Water Maze, Neuron and synapse number were assessed by electron microscope; Aβ, Bcl-2/Bax were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results APP/PS1 mice not only had increased Aβ accumulation, impaired memory performance, less synapse number, and much more necrosed neurons, but also had significant reduction in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. However, GAPT and donepezil showed improved memory performance, less Aβ accumulation, increased neuron and synapse number, as well as restored balance of Bcl-2/Bax. Discussion GAPT may improve cognitive functions via both reducing Aβ deposition and restoring Bcl-2/Bax balance of neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingnian Ni
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqing Wei
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingling Zhou
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhou Tian
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Kessete Afewerky H, Maibouge TMS, Ghose B, Wang X. Involvement of calpain in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:608-630. [PMID: 30260518 PMCID: PMC6585958 DOI: 10.1002/med.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common (60% to 80%) age‐related disease associated with dementia and is characterized by a deterioration of behavioral and cognitive capacities leading to death in few years after diagnosis, mainly due to complications from chronic illness. The characteristic hallmarks of the disease are extracellular senile plaques (SPs) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) with neuropil threads, which are a direct result of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing to Aβ, and τ hyperphosphorylation. However, many indirect underlying processes play a role in this event. One of these underlying mechanisms leading to these histological hallmarks is the uncontrolled hyperactivation of a family of cysteine proteases called calpains. Under normal physiological condition calpains participate in many processes of cells’ life and their activation is tightly controlled. However, with an increase in age, increased oxidative stress and other excitotoxicity assaults, this regulatory system becomes impaired and result in increased activation of these proteases involving them in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurodegeneration like AD. Reviewed here is a pool of data on the implication of calpains in the pathogenesis of AD, the underlying molecular mechanism, and the potential of targeting these enzymes for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Henok Kessete Afewerky
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tanko Mahamane Salissou Maibouge
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Vorobyeva AG, Saunders AJ. Amyloid-β interrupts canonical Sonic hedgehog signaling by distorting primary cilia structure. Cilia 2018; 7:5. [PMID: 30140428 PMCID: PMC6098584 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-018-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary cilia are small non-motile microtubule and cell membrane protrusions expressed on most vertebrate cells, including cortical and hippocampal neurons. These small organelles serve as sensory structures sampling the extracellular environment and reprogramming the transcriptional machinery in response to environmental change. Primary cilia are decorated with a variety of receptor proteins and are necessary for specific signaling cascades such as the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. Disrupting cilia structure or function results in a spectrum of diseases collectively referred to as ciliopathies. Common to human ciliopathies is cognitive impairment, a symptom also observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). One hallmark of AD is accumulation of senile plaques composed of neurotoxic Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. The Aβ peptide is generated by the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). We set out to determine if Aβ affects primary cilia structure and the Shh signaling cascade. Methods We utilized in vitro cell-based assays in combination with fluorescent confocal microscopy to address our study goals. Shh signaling and cilia structure was studied using two different cell lines, mouse NIH3T3 and human HeLa cells. To investigate how Aβ levels affect Shh signaling and cilia structure in these cells, we utilized naturally secreted Aβ as well as synthetic Aβ. Effects on Shh signaling were assessed by luciferase activity while cilia structure was analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. Results Here, we report that APP localizes to primary cilia and Aβ treatment results in distorted primary cilia structure. In addition, we demonstrate that Aβ treatment interrupts canonical Shh signal transduction. Conclusions Overall, our study illustrates that Aβ can alter primary cilia structure suggesting that elevated Aβ levels, like those observed in AD patients, could have similar effects on neuronal primary cilia in the brain. Additionally, our study suggests that Aβ impairs the Shh signaling pathway. Together our findings shed light on two novel targets for future AD therapeutics.
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Amyloid causes intermittent network disruptions in cognitively intact older subjects. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:699-716. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chiang ACA, Fowler SW, Savjani RR, Hilsenbeck SG, Wallace CE, Cirrito JR, Das P, Jankowsky JL. Combination anti-Aβ treatment maximizes cognitive recovery and rebalances mTOR signaling in APP mice. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1349-1364. [PMID: 29626114 PMCID: PMC5940263 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiang et al. show that combining two complementary approaches for Aβ reduction improved cognitive function in a mouse model of amyloidosis relative to either treatment alone. Efficacy corresponded with restoration of mTOR signaling, TFEB expression, and autophagic flux, suggesting additional targets for future polytherapy in AD. Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease has endeavored to lower amyloid β (Aβ) by either blocking production or promoting clearance. The benefit of combining these approaches has been examined in mouse models and shown to improve pathological measures of disease over single treatment; however, the impact on cellular and cognitive functions affected by Aβ has not been tested. We used a controllable APP transgenic mouse model to test whether combining genetic suppression of Aβ production with passive anti-Aβ immunization improved functional outcomes over either treatment alone. Compared with behavior before treatment, arresting further Aβ production (but not passive immunization) was sufficient to stop further decline in spatial learning, working memory, and associative memory, whereas combination treatment reversed each of these impairments. Cognitive improvement coincided with resolution of neuritic dystrophy, restoration of synaptic density surrounding deposits, and reduction of hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Computational modeling corroborated by in vivo microdialysis pointed to the reduction of soluble/exchangeable Aβ as the primary driver of cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie C A Chiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Department of Medicine, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Clare E Wallace
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pritam Das
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX .,Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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AD-Related N-Terminal Truncated Tau Is Sufficient to Recapitulate In Vivo the Early Perturbations of Human Neuropathology: Implications for Immunotherapy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8124-8153. [PMID: 29508283 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The NH2tau 26-44 aa (i.e., NH2htau) is the minimal biologically active moiety of longer 20-22-kDa NH2-truncated form of human tau-a neurotoxic fragment mapping between 26 and 230 amino acids of full-length protein (htau40)-which is detectable in presynaptic terminals and peripheral CSF from patients suffering from AD and other non-AD neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, whether its exogenous administration in healthy nontransgenic mice is able to elicit a neuropathological phenotype resembling human tauopathies has not been yet investigated. We explored the in vivo effects evoked by subchronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of NH2htau or its reverse counterpart into two lines of young (2-month-old) wild-type mice (C57BL/6 and B6SJL). Six days after its accumulation into hippocampal parenchyma, significant impairment in memory/learning performance was detected in NH2htau-treated group in association with reduced synaptic connectivity and neuroinflammatory response. Compromised short-term plasticity in paired-pulse facilitation paradigm (PPF) was detected in the CA3/CA1 synapses from NH2htau-impaired animals along with downregulation in calcineurin (CaN)-stimulated pCREB/c-Fos pathway(s). Importantly, these behavioral, synaptotoxic, and neuropathological effects were independent from the genetic background, occurred prior to frank neuronal loss, and were specific because no alterations were detected in the control group infused with its reverse counterpart. Finally, a 2.0-kDa peptide which biochemically and immunologically resembles the injected NH2htau was endogenously detected in vivo, being present in hippocampal synaptosomal preparations from AD subjects. Given that the identification of the neurotoxic tau species is mandatory to develop a more effective tau-based immunological approach, our evidence can have important translational implications for cure of human tauopathies.
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Hidisoglu E, Kantar-Gok D, Er H, Acun AD, Yargicoglu P. Alterations in spontaneous delta and gamma activity might provide clues to detect changes induced by amyloid-β administration. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1013-1023. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Deniz Kantar-Gok
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Hakan Er
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Alev Duygu Acun
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Piraye Yargicoglu
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
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Individual differences in associative memory among older adults explained by hippocampal subfield structure and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12075-12080. [PMID: 29078387 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713308114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults experience impairments in episodic memory, ranging from mild to clinically significant. Given the critical role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in episodic memory, age-related changes in MTL structure and function may partially account for individual differences in memory. Using ultra-high-field 7T structural MRI and high-resolution 3T functional MRI (hr-fMRI), we evaluated MTL subfield thickness and function in older adults representing a spectrum of cognitive health. Participants performed an associative memory task during hr-fMRI in which they encoded and later retrieved face-name pairs. Motivated by prior research, we hypothesized that differences in performance would be explained by the following: (i) entorhinal cortex (ERC) and CA1 apical neuropil layer [CA1-stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (SRLM)] thickness, and (ii) activity in ERC and the dentate gyrus (DG)/CA3 region. Regression analyses revealed that this combination of factors significantly accounted for variability in memory performance. Among these metrics, CA1-SRLM thickness was positively associated with memory, whereas DG/CA3 retrieval activity was negatively associated with memory. Furthermore, including structural and functional metrics in the same model better accounted for performance than did single-modality models. These results advance the understanding of how independent but converging influences of both MTL subfield structure and function contribute to age-related memory impairment, complementing findings in the rodent and human postmortem literatures.
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31
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Intranasal insulin reverts central pathology and cognitive impairment in diabetic mother offspring. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:57. [PMID: 28768549 PMCID: PMC5541692 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse effects in diabetic mothers offspring (DMO) are a major concern of increasing incidence. Among these, chronic central complications in DMO remain poorly understood, and in extreme cases, diabetes can essentially function as a gestational brain insult. Nevertheless, therapeutic alternatives for DMO are limited. Methods Therefore, we have analyzed the central long-term complications in the offspring from CD1 diabetic mothers treated with streptozotozin, as well as the possible reversion of these alterations by insulin administration to neonates. Brain atrophy, neuronal morphology, tau phosphorylation, proliferation and neurogenesis were assessed in the short term (P7) and in the early adulthood (10 weeks) and cognitive function was also analyzed in the long-term. Results Central complications in DMO were still detected in the adulthood, including cortical and hippocampal thinning due to synaptic loss and neuronal simplification, increased tau hyperphosphorylation, and diminished cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Additionally, maternal diabetes increased the long-term susceptibility to spontaneous central bleeding, inflammation and cognition impairment in the offspring. On the other hand, intracerebroventricular insulin administration to neonates significantly reduced observed alterations. Moreover, non-invasive intranasal insulin reversed central atrophy and tau hyperphosphorylation, and rescued central proliferation and neurogenesis. Vascular damage, inflammation and cognitive alterations were also comparable to their counterparts born to nondiabetic mice, supporting the utility of this pathway to access the central nervous system. Conclusions Our data underlie the long-term effects of central complications in DMO. Moreover, observed improvement after insulin treatment opens the door to therapeutic alternatives for children who are exposed to poorly controlled gestational diabetes, and who may benefit from more individualized treatments.
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Arbel-Ornath M, Hudry E, Boivin JR, Hashimoto T, Takeda S, Kuchibhotla KV, Hou S, Lattarulo CR, Belcher AM, Shakerdge N, Trujillo PB, Muzikansky A, Betensky RA, Hyman BT, Bacskai BJ. Soluble oligomeric amyloid-β induces calcium dyshomeostasis that precedes synapse loss in the living mouse brain. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:27. [PMID: 28327181 PMCID: PMC5361864 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid-β oligomers (oAβ) are thought to mediate neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and previous studies in AD transgenic mice suggest that calcium dysregulation may contribute to these pathological effects. Even though AD mouse models remain a valuable resource to investigate amyloid neurotoxicity, the concomitant presence of soluble Aβ species, fibrillar Aβ, and fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP) complicate the interpretation of the phenotypes. Method To explore the specific contribution of soluble oligomeric Aβ (oAβ) to calcium dyshomeostasis and synaptic morphological changes, we acutely exposed the healthy mouse brain, at 3 to 6 months of age, to naturally occurring soluble oligomers and investigated their effect on calcium levels using in vivo multiphoton imaging. Results We observed a dramatic increase in the levels of neuronal resting calcium, which was dependent upon extracellular calcium influx and activation of NMDA receptors. Ryanodine receptors, previously implicated in AD models, did not appear to be primarily involved using this experimental setting. We used the high resolution cortical volumes acquired in-vivo to measure the effect on synaptic densities and observed that, while spine density remained stable within the first hour of oAβ exposure, a significant decrease in the number of dendritic spines was observed 24 h post treatment, despite restoration of intraneuronal calcium levels at this time point. Conclusions These observations demonstrate a specific effect of oAβ on NMDA-mediated calcium influx, which triggers synaptic collapse in vivo. Moreover, this work leverages a method to quantitatively measure calcium concentration at the level of neuronal processes, cell bodies and single synaptic elements repeatedly and thus can be applicable to testing putative drugs and/or other intervention methodologies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0169-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Arbel-Ornath
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Josiah R Boivin
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Tadafumi Hashimoto
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Neuropathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kishore V Kuchibhotla
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Skirball Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Steven Hou
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Carli R Lattarulo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Arianna M Belcher
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Naomi Shakerdge
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Pariss B Trujillo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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Kastanenka KV, Hou SS, Shakerdge N, Logan R, Feng D, Wegmann S, Chopra V, Hawkes JM, Chen X, Bacskai BJ. Optogenetic Restoration of Disrupted Slow Oscillations Halts Amyloid Deposition and Restores Calcium Homeostasis in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170275. [PMID: 28114405 PMCID: PMC5257003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow oscillations are important for consolidation of memory during sleep, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients experience memory disturbances. Thus, we examined slow oscillation activity in an animal model of AD. APP mice exhibit aberrant slow oscillation activity. Aberrant inhibitory activity within the cortical circuit was responsible for slow oscillation dysfunction, since topical application of GABA restored slow oscillations in APP mice. In addition, light activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressed in excitatory cortical neurons restored slow oscillations by synchronizing neuronal activity. Driving slow oscillation activity with ChR2 halted amyloid plaque deposition and prevented calcium overload associated with this pathology. Thus, targeting slow oscillatory activity in AD patients might prevent neurodegenerative phenotypes and slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V. Kastanenka
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJB); (KVK)
| | - Steven S. Hou
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Naomi Shakerdge
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Danielle Feng
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Vanita Chopra
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Hawkes
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Bacskai
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJB); (KVK)
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Dementia-related Bri2 BRICHOS is a versatile molecular chaperone that efficiently inhibits Aβ42 toxicity in Drosophila. Biochem J 2016; 473:3683-3704. [PMID: 27514716 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Formation of fibrils of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is suggested to play a central role in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which no effective treatment exists. The BRICHOS domain is a part of several disease-related proproteins, the most studied ones being Bri2 associated with familial dementia and prosurfactant protein C (proSP-C) associated with lung amyloid. BRICHOS from proSP-C has been found to be an efficient inhibitor of Aβ aggregation and toxicity, but its lung-specific expression makes it unsuited to target in AD. Bri2 is expressed in the brain, affects processing of Aβ precursor protein, and increased levels of Bri2 are found in AD brain, but the specific role of its BRICHOS domain has not been studied in vivo Here, we find that transgenic expression of the Bri2 BRICHOS domain in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) or eyes efficiently inhibits Aβ42 toxicity. In the presence of Bri2 BRICHOS, Aβ42 is diffusely distributed throughout the mushroom bodies, a brain region involved in learning and memory, whereas Aβ42 expressed alone or together with proSP-C BRICHOS forms punctuate deposits outside the mushroom bodies. Recombinant Bri2 BRICHOS domain efficiently prevents Aβ42-induced reduction in γ-oscillations in hippocampal slices. Finally, Bri2 BRICHOS inhibits several steps in the Aβ42 fibrillation pathway and prevents aggregation of heat-denatured proteins, indicating that it is a more versatile chaperone than proSP-C BRICHOS. These findings suggest that Bri2 BRICHOS can be a physiologically relevant chaperone for Aβ in the CNS and needs to be further investigated for its potential in AD treatment.
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Aberrant functional connectivity differentiates retrosplenial cortex from posterior cingulate cortex in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 44:114-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Long-Term Mangiferin Extract Treatment Improves Central Pathology and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4696-4704. [PMID: 27443159 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia; however, available treatments have had limited success. Therefore AD patients are in tremendous need of new pharmacological approaches that may delay or slow the progression of the disease. In addition to the classical neuropathological features, immunological and inflammatory processes are also involved in AD pathogenesis. Naturally occurring compounds, such as Mangifera indica Linn (MGF) extracts have previously been shown to significantly reduce peripheral inflammatory processes. In order to explore the role of MGF in AD central pathology, we have orally treated APP/PS1 mice for 22 weeks. While MGF did not affect amyloid pathology, tau hyperphosphorylation was significantly reduced in the cortex and hippocampus. Also, inflammatory processes, measured by microglia and astrocyte burdens, were diminished in MGF-treated mice. Moreover, neuronal morphological alterations, such as abnormal neurite curvature and dystrophies, highly increased in APP/PS1 mice, were significantly ameliorated by long-term MGF treatment. Reduction of all these pathological features were accompanied by compelling improvements of episodic and spatial memory in APP/PS1 mice treated with MGF. Altogether our data suggest that MGF may provide a useful tool to target different aspects of AD pathology and could lead to more effective future therapeutic or preventive strategies.
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Quiroz YT, Willment KC, Castrillon G, Muniz M, Lopera F, Budson A, Stern CE. Successful Scene Encoding in Presymptomatic Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:955-64. [PMID: 26401774 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain regions critical to episodic memory are altered during the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, reliable means of identifying cognitively-normal individuals at higher risk to develop AD have not been established. OBJECTIVE To examine whether functional MRI can detect early functional changes associated with scene encoding in a group of presymptomatic presenilin-1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers. METHODS Participants were 39 young, cognitively-normal individuals from an autosomal dominant early-onset AD kindred, located in Antioquia, Colombia. Participants performed a functional MRI scene encoding task and a post-scan subsequent memory test. RESULTS PSEN1 mutation carriers exhibited hyperactivation within medial temporal lobe regions (hippocampus,parahippocampal formation) during successful scene encoding compared to age-matched non-carriers. CONCLUSION Hyperactivation in medial temporal lobe regions during scene encoding is seen in individuals genetically-determined to develop AD years before their clinical onset. Our findings will guide future research with the ultimate goal of using functional neuroimaging in the early detection of preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakeel T Quiroz
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Martha Muniz
- Center for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrew Budson
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Center for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Somogyi A, Katonai Z, Alpár A, Wolf E. A Novel Form of Compensation in the Tg2576 Amyloid Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:152. [PMID: 27378850 PMCID: PMC4909742 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One century after its first description, pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still poorly understood. Amyloid-related dendritic atrophy and membrane alterations of susceptible brain neurons in AD, and in animal models of AD are widely recognized. However, little effort has been made to study the potential effects of combined morphological and membrane alterations on signal transfer and synaptic integration in neurons that build up affected neural networks in AD. In this study spatial reconstructions and electrophysiological measurements of layer II/III pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex from wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) overexpressing Tg2576 mice were used to build faithful segmental cable models of these neurons. Local synaptic activities were simulated in various points of the dendritic arbors and properties of subthreshold dendritic impulse propagation and predictors of synaptic input pattern recognition ability were quantified and compared in modeled WT and TG neurons. Despite the widespread dendritic degeneration and membrane alterations in mutant mouse neurons, surprisingly little, or no change was detected in steady-state and 50 Hz sinusoidal voltage transfers, current transfers, and local and propagation delays of PSPs traveling along dendrites of TG neurons. Synaptic input pattern recognition ability was also predicted to be unaltered in TG neurons in two different soma-dendritic membrane models investigated. Our simulations predict the way how subthreshold dendritic signaling and pattern recognition are preserved in TG neurons: amyloid-related membrane alterations compensate for the pathological effects that dendritic atrophy has on subthreshold dendritic signal transfer and integration in layer II/III somatosensory neurons of this hAPP mouse model for AD. Since neither propagation of single PSPs nor integration of multiple PSPs (pattern recognition) changes in TG neurons, we conclude that AD-related neuronal hyperexcitability cannot be accounted for by altered subthreshold dendritic signaling in these neurons but hyperexcitability is related to changes in active membrane properties and network connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Somogyi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary; Kenézy Gyula Hospital Ltd., Department of Emergency MedicineDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Katonai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alán Alpár
- MTA-SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Ervin Wolf
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
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Progressive Neuronal Pathology and Synaptic Loss Induced by Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3428-3438. [PMID: 27177549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Age remains the main risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) although certain metabolic alterations, including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D), may also increase this risk. In order to understand this relationship, we have studied an AD-prediabetes mouse model (APP/PS1) with severe hyperinsulinemia induced by long-term high fat diet (HFD), and an AD-T2D model, generated by crossing APP/PS1 and db/db mice (APP/PS1xdb/db). In both, prediabetic and diabetic AD mice, we have analyzed underlying neuronal pathology and synaptic loss. At 26 weeks of age, when both pathologies were clearly established, we observed severe brain atrophy in APP/PS1xdb/db animals as well as cortical thinning, accompanied by increased caspase activity. Reduced senile plaque burden and elevated soluble Aβ40 and 42 levels were observed in AD-T2D mice. Further assessment revealed a significant increase of neurite curvature in prediabetic-AD mice, and this effect was worsened in AD-T2D animals. Synaptic density loss, analyzed by array tomography, revealed a synergistic effect between T2D and AD, whereas an intermediate state was observed, once more, in prediabetic-AD mice. Altogether, our data suggest that early prediabetic hyperinsulinemia may exacerbate AD pathology, and that fully established T2D clearly worsens these effects. Therefore, it is feasible that early detection of prediabetic state and strict metabolic control could slow or delay progression of AD-associated neuropathological features.
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Maatuf Y, Stern EA, Slovin H. Abnormal Population Responses in the Somatosensory Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24560. [PMID: 27079783 PMCID: PMC4832196 DOI: 10.1038/srep24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. One of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques. Overexpression of human amyloid precursor protein in transgenic mice induces hippocampal and neocortical amyloid-β accumulation and plaque deposition that increases with age. The impact of these effects on neuronal population responses and network activity in sensory cortex is not well understood. We used Voltage Sensitive Dye Imaging, to investigate at high spatial and temporal resolution, the sensory evoked population responses in the barrel cortex of aged transgenic (Tg) mice and of age-matched non-transgenic littermate controls (Ctrl) mice. We found that a whisker deflection evoked abnormal sensory responses in the barrel cortex of Tg mice. The response amplitude and the spatial spread of the cortical responses were significantly larger in Tg than in Ctrl mice. At the network level, spontaneous activity was less synchronized over cortical space than in Ctrl mice, however synchronization during evoked responses induced by whisker deflection did not differ between the two groups. Thus, the presence of elevated Aβ and plaques may alter population responses and disrupts neural synchronization in large-scale networks, leading to abnormalities in sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Maatuf
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Edward A Stern
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002 Israel.,MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Hamutal Slovin
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002 Israel
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Infante-Garcia C, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Galindo-Gonzalez L, Garcia-Alloza M. Long-term central pathology and cognitive impairment are exacerbated in a mixed model of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 65:15-25. [PMID: 26708068 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a well-characterized risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. Since both, T2D and dementia are closely related to aging and they chronically coexist in elderly patients, it is of particular relevance to know whether long-term evolution of T2D and dementia interfere with each other years after the onset of the diseases. In order to elucidate this interaction, we have characterized a mixed model of T2D and AD, the APP/PS1xdb/db mouse, at 36 weeks of age, when both diseases have long coexisted and evolved. In aged APP/PS1xdb/db mice we observed dysfunctional metabolic control, when compared with diabetic mice alone, suggesting that AD may also contribute to T2D pathology in the long-term. Learning and memory were severely impaired in APP/PS1xdb/db mice, accompanied by reduced cortical size, neuronal branching simplification and reduction of dendritic spine density. Increased tau phosphorylation was also observed in old APP/PS1xdb/db mice. A shift in amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology was detected, and while insoluble Aβ was reduced, more toxic soluble species were favoured. Microglia burden was significantly increased in the proximity of senile plaques and an overall increase of spontaneous haemorrhages was also observed in APP/PS1xdb/db mice, suggesting a possible disruption of the blood brain barrier in the mixed model. It is therefore feasible that strict metabolic control may slow or delay central complications when T2D and dementia coexist in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Ramos-Rodriguez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Lucia Galindo-Gonzalez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
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42
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fMRI in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Scientific Insights to Clinical Applications. NEUROMETHODS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-5611-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Fernández-Fernández D, Dorner-Ciossek C, Kroker KS, Rosenbrock H. Age-related synaptic dysfunction in Tg2576 mice starts as a failure in early long-term potentiation which develops into a full abolishment of late long-term potentiation. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:266-81. [PMID: 26629777 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tg2576 mice are widely used to study amyloid-dependent synaptic dysfunction related to Alzheimer's disease. However, conflicting data have been reported for these mice with regard to basal transmission as well as the in vitro correlate of memory, long-term potentiation (LTP). Some studies show clear impairments, whereas others report no deficiency. The present study uses hippocampal slices from 3-, 10-, and 15-month-old wild-type (WT) and Tg2576 mice to evaluate synaptic function in each group, including experiments to investigate basal synaptic transmission, short- and long-term plasticity by inducing paired-pulse facilitation, and both early and late LTP. We show that synaptic function remains intact in hippocampal slices from Tg2576 mice at 3 months of age. However, both early and late LTP decline progressively during aging in these mice. This deterioration of synaptic plasticity starts affecting early LTP, ultimately leading to the abolishment of both forms of LTP in 15-month-old animals. In comparison, WT littermates display normal synaptic parameters during aging. Additional pharmacological investigation into the involvement of NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in LTP suggests a distinct mechanism of induction among age groups, demonstrating that both early and late LTP are differentially affected by these channels in Tg2576 mice during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Fernández
- Deparment of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach (Riss), Germany
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- Deparment of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach (Riss), Germany
| | - Katja S Kroker
- Deptartment of Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach (Riss), Germany
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- Deparment of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach (Riss), Germany
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Vardi R, Goldental A, Marmari H, Brama H, Stern EA, Sardi S, Sabo P, Kanter I. Neuronal response impedance mechanism implementing cooperative networks with low firing rates and μs precision. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:29. [PMID: 26124707 PMCID: PMC4462995 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Realizations of low firing rates in neural networks usually require globally balanced distributions among excitatory and inhibitory links, while feasibility of temporal coding is limited by neuronal millisecond precision. We show that cooperation, governing global network features, emerges through nodal properties, as opposed to link distributions. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments we demonstrate microsecond precision of neuronal response timings under low stimulation frequencies, whereas moderate frequencies result in a chaotic neuronal phase characterized by degraded precision. Above a critical stimulation frequency, which varies among neurons, response failures were found to emerge stochastically such that the neuron functions as a low pass filter, saturating the average inter-spike-interval. This intrinsic neuronal response impedance mechanism leads to cooperation on a network level, such that firing rates are suppressed toward the lowest neuronal critical frequency simultaneously with neuronal microsecond precision. Our findings open up opportunities of controlling global features of network dynamics through few nodes with extreme properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Vardi
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Goldental
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hagar Marmari
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Haya Brama
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Edward A Stern
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel ; Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shira Sardi
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel ; Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Pinhas Sabo
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel ; Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ido Kanter
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel ; Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
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45
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Daulatzai MA. Olfactory dysfunction: its early temporal relationship and neural correlates in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1475-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Puzzo D, Gulisano W, Palmeri A, Arancio O. Rodent models for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:703-11. [PMID: 25927677 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1041913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and personality changes, leading to dementia. Histopathological hallmarks are represented by aggregates of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques and deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Rare forms of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease are due to gene mutations. This has prompted researchers to develop genetically modified animals that could recapitulate the main features of the disease. The use of these models is complemented by non-genetically modified animals. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the characteristics of the most used transgenic (Tg) and non-Tg models of AD. The authors have focused on models mainly used in their laboratories including amyloid precursor protein (APP) Tg2576, APP/presenilin 1, 3xAD, single h-Tau, non-Tg mice treated with acute injections of Aβ or tau, and models of physiological aging. EXPERT OPINION Animal models of disease might be very useful for studying the pathophysiology of the disease and for testing new therapeutics in preclinical studies but they do not reproduce the entire clinical features of human AD. When selecting a model, researchers should consider the various factors that might influence the phenotype. They should also consider the timing of testing/treating animals since the age at which each model develops certain aspects of the AD pathology varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Puzzo
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology , Catania 95100 , Italy
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Devi L, Ohno M. A combination Alzheimer's therapy targeting BACE1 and neprilysin in 5XFAD transgenic mice. Mol Brain 2015; 8:19. [PMID: 25884928 PMCID: PMC4397831 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that partial inhibition of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which initiates amyloid-β (Aβ) production, mitigates Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathologies and memory deficits in a battery of transgenic mouse models. However, our previous investigations suggest that therapeutic BACE1 suppression may be beneficial only if targeted on earlier stages of AD and encounter dramatic reductions in efficacy during disease progression. This study was designed to test the possibility that a combination approach, aimed at inhibiting BACE1 and boosting neprilysin (a major Aβ-degrading enzyme) activities, may be able to mechanistically overcome the limited efficacy of anti-Aβ therapy in advanced AD. RESULTS After crossbreeding between BACE1 heterozygous knockout (BACE1(+/-)), neprilysin transgenic (NEP) and 5XFAD mice, we analyzed the resultant mice at 12 months of age when 5XFAD controls showed robust amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and elevation of BACE1 expression (~2 folds). Although haploinsufficiency lowered BACE1 expression by ~50% in concordance with reduction in gene copy number, profound β-amyloidosis, memory deficits and cholinergic neuron death were no longer rescued in BACE1(+/-) · 5XFAD mice concomitant with their persistently upregulated BACE1 (i.e., equivalent to wild-type control levels). Notably, neprilysin overexpression not only prevented Aβ accumulation but also suppressed the translation initiation factor eIF2α-associated elevation of BACE1 and lowered levels of the β-secretase-cleaved C-terminal fragment of APP (C99) in NEP · 5XFAD mice. Interestingly, these markers for β-amyloidogenesis in BACE1(+/-) · NEP · 5XFAD mice were further reduced to the levels reflecting a combination of single BACE1 allele ablation and the abolishment of translational BACE1 upregulation. However, since neprilysin overexpression was striking (~8-fold relative to wild-type controls), memory impairments, cholinergic neuronal loss and β-amyloidosis were similarly prevented in NEP · 5XFAD and BACE1(+/-) · NEP · 5XFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that robust overexpression of neprilysin is sufficient to ameliorate AD-like phenotypes in aged 5XFAD mice. We also found that Aβ-degrading effects of overexpressed neprilysin can block deleterious BACE1-elevating mechanisms that accelerate Aβ production, warranting further study to test whether interventions moderately activating neprilysin may be useful for boosting the limited efficacy of therapeutic BACE1 inhibition in treating AD with established Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Devi
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
| | - Masuo Ohno
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Amyloid-β-induced action potential desynchronization and degradation of hippocampal gamma oscillations is prevented by interference with peptide conformation change and aggregation. J Neurosci 2014; 34:11416-25. [PMID: 25143621 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1195-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) focuses on accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) as the main culprit for the myriad physiological changes seen during development and progression of AD including desynchronization of neuronal action potentials, consequent development of aberrant brain rhythms relevant for cognition, and final emergence of cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying the Aβ-induced degradation of gamma oscillations in AD, to identify aggregation state(s) of Aβ that mediate the peptides neurotoxicity, and to test ways to prevent the neurotoxic Aβ effect. We show that Aβ(1-42) in physiological concentrations acutely degrades mouse hippocampal gamma oscillations in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The underlying cause is an Aβ-induced desynchronization of action potential generation in pyramidal cells and a shift of the excitatory/inhibitory equilibrium in the hippocampal network. Using purified preparations containing different aggregation states of Aβ, as well as a designed ligand and a BRICHOS chaperone domain, we provide evidence that the severity of Aβ neurotoxicity increases with increasing concentration of fibrillar over monomeric Aβ forms, and that Aβ-induced degradation of gamma oscillations and excitatory/inhibitory equilibrium is prevented by compounds that interfere with Aβ aggregation. Our study provides correlative evidence for a link between Aβ-induced effects on synaptic currents and AD-relevant neuronal network oscillations, identifies the responsible aggregation state of Aβ and proofs that strategies preventing peptide aggregation are able to prevent the deleterious action of Aβ on the excitatory/inhibitory equilibrium and on the gamma rhythm.
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Beker S, Goldin M, Menkes-Caspi N, Kellner V, Chechik G, Stern EA. Amyloid-β disrupts ongoing spontaneous activity in sensory cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:1173-88. [PMID: 25523106 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effect of Alzheimer's disease pathology on activity of individual neocortical neurons in the intact neural network remains obscure. Ongoing spontaneous activity, which constitutes most of neocortical activity, is the background template on which further evoked-activity is superimposed. We compared in vivo intracellular recordings and local field potentials (LFP) of ongoing activity in the barrel cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-matched littermate CONTROLS, following significant amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and aggregation. We found that membrane potential dynamics of neurons in Aβ-burdened cortex significantly differed from those of nontransgenic CONTROLS durations of the depolarized state were considerably shorter, and transitions to that state frequently failed. The spiking properties of APP/PS1 neurons showed alterations from those of CONTROLS both firing patterns and spike shape were changed in the APP/PS1 group. At the population level, LFP recordings indicated reduced coherence within neuronal assemblies of APP/PS1 mice. In addition to the physiological effects, we show that morphology of neurites within the barrel cortex of the APP/PS1 model is altered compared to CONTROLS. These results are consistent with a process where the effect of Aβ on spontaneous activity of individual neurons amplifies into a network effect, reducing network integrity and leading to a wide cortical dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Beker
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Miri Goldin
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noa Menkes-Caspi
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Vered Kellner
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Chechik
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Edward A Stern
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Genetic modulation of soluble Aβ rescues cognitive and synaptic impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7871-85. [PMID: 24899710 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0572-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unresolved debate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is whether amyloid plaques are pathogenic, causing overt physical disruption of neural circuits, or protective, sequestering soluble forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) that initiate synaptic damage and cognitive decline. Few animal models of AD have been capable of isolating the relative contribution made by soluble and insoluble forms of Aβ to the behavioral symptoms and biochemical consequences of the disease. Here we use a controllable transgenic mouse model expressing a mutant form of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to distinguish the impact of soluble Aβ from that of deposited amyloid on cognitive function and synaptic structure. Rapid inhibition of transgenic APP modulated the production of Aβ without affecting pre-existing amyloid deposits and restored cognitive performance to the level of healthy controls in Morris water maze, radial arm water maze, and fear conditioning. Selective reduction of Aβ with a γ-secretase inhibitor provided similar improvement, suggesting that transgene suppression restored cognition, at least in part by lowering Aβ. Cognitive improvement coincided with reduced levels of synaptotoxic Aβ oligomers, greater synaptic density surrounding amyloid plaques, and increased expression of presynaptic and postsynaptic markers. Together these findings indicate that transient Aβ species underlie much of the cognitive and synaptic deficits observed in this model and demonstrate that significant functional and structural recovery can be attained without removing deposited amyloid.
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