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Chen L, Chehade HD, Chu HY. Motor Cortical Neuronal Hyperexcitability Associated with α-Synuclein Aggregation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.24.604995. [PMID: 39091827 PMCID: PMC11291145 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cerebral cortex is thought to underlie motor and cognitive impairments in Parkinson disease (PD). While cortical function is known to be suppressed by abnormal basal ganglia output following dopaminergic degeneration, it remains to be determined how the deposition of Lewy pathology disrupts cortical circuit integrity and function. Moreover, it is also unknown whether cortical Lewy pathology and midbrain dopaminergic degeneration interact to disrupt cortical function in late-stage. To begin to address these questions, we injected α-synuclein (αSyn) preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the dorsolateral striatum of mice to seed αSyn pathology in the cortical cortex and induce degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Using this model system, we reported that αSyn aggregates accumulate in the motor cortex in a layer- and cell-subtype-specific pattern. Particularly, intratelencephalic neurons (ITNs) showed earlier accumulation and greater extent of αSyn aggregates relative to corticospinal neurons (CSNs). Moreover, we demonstrated that the intrinsic excitability and inputs resistance of αSyn aggregates-bearing ITNs in the secondary motor cortex (M2) are increased, along with a noticeable shrinkage of cell bodies and loss of dendritic spines. Last, neither the intrinsic excitability of CSNs nor their thalamocortical input was altered by a partial striatal dopamine depletion associated with αSyn pathology. Our results documented motor cortical neuronal hyperexcitability associated with αSyn aggregation and provided a novel mechanistic understanding of cortical circuit dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20852, United States
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University of Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, United States
| | - Hiba Douja Chehade
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20852, United States
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University of Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, United States
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20852, United States
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University of Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, United States
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Giménez S, Millan A, Mora-Morell A, Ayuso N, Gastaldo-Jordán I, Pardo M. Advances in Brain Stimulation, Nanomedicine and the Use of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles: Dopaminergic Alterations and Their Role in Neurodegeneration and Drug Addiction. Molecules 2024; 29:3580. [PMID: 39124985 PMCID: PMC11314096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in brain stimulation and nanomedicine have ushered in a new era of therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the cutting-edge innovations in brain stimulation techniques, including their applications in alleviating symptoms of main neurodegenerative disorders and addiction. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an FDA-approved treatment for specific neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's Disease (PD), and is currently under evaluation for other conditions, such as Alzheimer's Disease. This technique has facilitated significant advancements in understanding brain electrical circuitry by enabling targeted brain stimulation and providing insights into neural network function and dysfunction. In reviewing DBS studies, this review places particular emphasis on the underlying main neurotransmitter modifications and their specific brain area location, particularly focusing on the dopaminergic system, which plays a critical role in these conditions. Furthermore, this review delves into the groundbreaking developments in nanomedicine, highlighting how nanotechnology can be utilized to target aberrant signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific focus on the dopaminergic system. The discussion extends to emerging technologies such as magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs), which represent a novel intersection between nanoformulation and brain stimulation approaches. These innovative technologies offer promising avenues for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of treatments by enabling the non-invasive, targeted delivery of therapeutic agents as well as on-site, on-demand stimulation. By integrating insights from recent research and technological advances, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how brain stimulation and nanomedicine can be synergistically applied to address complex neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giménez
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.); (N.A.)
| | - Alexandra Millan
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alba Mora-Morell
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Noa Ayuso
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.); (N.A.)
| | - Isis Gastaldo-Jordán
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marta Pardo
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.); (N.A.)
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Vaidya B, Padhy DS, Joshi HC, Sharma SS, Singh JN. Ion Channels and Metal Ions in Parkinson's Disease: Historical Perspective to the Current Scenario. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:529-557. [PMID: 38427260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition linked to the deterioration of motor and cognitive performance. It produces degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons along the nigrostriatal pathway in the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to symptoms such as bradykinesias, tremors, rigidity, and postural instability. There are several medications currently approved for the therapy of PD, but a permanent cure for it remains elusive. With the aging population set to increase, a number of PD cases are expected to shoot up in the coming times. Hence, there is a need to look for new molecular targets that could be investigated both preclinically and clinically for PD treatment. Among these, several ion channels and metal ions are being studied for their effects on PD pathology and the functioning of dopaminergic neurons. Ion channels such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA), voltage-gated calcium channels, potassium channels, HCN channels, Hv1 proton channels, and voltage-gated sodium channels and metal ions such as mercury, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium, and lead showed prominent involvement in PD. Pharmacological agents have been used to target these ion channels and metal ions to prevent or treat PD. Hence, in the present review, we summarize the pathophysiological events linked to PD with an emphasis on the role of ions and ion channels in PD pathology, and pharmacological agents targeting these ion channels have also been listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Vaidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Dibya S Padhy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Hem C Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam S Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India.
| | - Jitendra Narain Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India.
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Chaudhary R, Singh R. Therapeutic Viewpoint on Rat Models of Locomotion Abnormalities and Neurobiological Indicators in Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:488-503. [PMID: 37202886 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230518111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locomotion problems in Parkinson's syndrome are still a research and treatment difficulty. With the recent introduction of brain stimulation or neuromodulation equipment that is sufficient to monitor activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, new locomotion investigations in patients having the capacity to move freely have sprung up. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to find rat models and locomotion-connected neuronal indicators and use them all over a closed-loop system to enhance the future and present treatment options available for Parkinson's disease. METHODS Various publications on locomotor abnormalities, Parkinson's disease, animal models, and other topics have been searched using several search engines, such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Research Gate, and PubMed. RESULTS Based on the literature, we can conclude that animal models are used for further investigating the locomotion connectivity deficiencies of many biological measuring devices and attempting to address unanswered concerns from clinical and non-clinical research. However, translational validity is required for rat models to contribute to the improvement of upcoming neurostimulation-based medicines. This review discusses the most successful methods for modelling Parkinson's locomotion in rats. CONCLUSION This review article has examined how scientific clinical experiments lead to localised central nervous system injuries in rats, as well as how the associated motor deficits and connection oscillations reflect this. This evolutionary process of therapeutic interventions may help to improve locomotion- based treatment and management of Parkinson's syndrome in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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de la Torre-Martinez R, Ketzef M, Silberberg G. Ongoing movement controls sensory integration in the dorsolateral striatum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1004. [PMID: 36813791 PMCID: PMC9947004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) receives excitatory inputs from both sensory and motor cortical regions. In the neocortex, sensory responses are affected by motor activity, however, it is not known whether such sensorimotor interactions occur in the striatum and how they are shaped by dopamine. To determine the impact of motor activity on striatal sensory processing, we performed in vivo whole-cell recordings in the DLS of awake mice during the presentation of tactile stimuli. Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) were activated by both whisker stimulation and spontaneous whisking, however, their responses to whisker deflection during ongoing whisking were attenuated. Dopamine depletion reduced the representation of whisking in direct-pathway MSNs, but not in those of the indirect-pathway. Furthermore, dopamine depletion impaired the discrimination between ipsilateral and contralateral sensory stimulation in both direct and indirect pathway MSNs. Our results show that whisking affects sensory responses in DLS and that striatal representation of both processes is dopamine- and cell type-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Ketzef
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Keifman E, Coll C, Tubert C, Paz RM, Belforte JE, Murer MG, Braz BY. Preserved Motility after Neonatal Dopaminergic Lesion Relates to Hyperexcitability of Direct Pathway Medium Spiny Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8767-8779. [PMID: 36241384 PMCID: PMC9698699 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1992-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease patients and rodent models, dopaminergic neuron loss (DAN) results in severe motor disabilities. In contrast, general motility is preserved after early postnatal DAN loss in rodents. Here we used mice of both sexes to show that the preserved motility observed after early DAN loss depends on functional changes taking place in medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) that belong to the direct pathway (dMSN). Previous animal model studies showed that adult loss of dopaminergic input depresses dMSN response to cortical input, which likely contributes to Parkinson's disease motor impairments. However, the response of DMS-dMSN to their preferred medial PFC input is preserved after neonatal DAN loss as shown by in vivo studies. Moreover, their response to inputs from adjacent cortical areas is increased, resulting in reduced cortical inputs selectivity. Additional ex vivo studies show that membrane excitability increases in dMSN. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of DMS-dMSN has a more marked inhibitory effect on general motility in lesioned mice than in their control littermates, indicating that expression of normal levels of locomotion and general motility depend on dMSN activity after early DAN loss. Contrastingly, DMS-dMSN inhibition did not ameliorate a characteristic phenotype of the DAN-lesioned animals in a marble burying task demanding higher behavioral control. Thus, increased dMSN excitability likely promoting changes in corticostriatal functional connectivity may contribute to the distinctive behavioral phenotype emerging after developmental DAN loss, with implications for our understanding of the age-dependent effects of forebrain dopamine depletion and neurodevelopment disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The loss of striatal dopamine in the adult brain leads to life-threatening motor impairments. However, general motility remains largely unaffected after its early postnatal loss. Here, we show that the high responsiveness to cortical input of striatal neurons belonging to the direct basal ganglia pathway, crucial for proper motor functioning, is preserved after early dopamine neuron loss, in parallel with an increase in these cells' membrane excitability. Chemogenetic inhibition studies show that the preserved motility depends on this direct pathway hyperexcitability/hyperconnectivity, while other phenotypes characteristic of this condition remained unaltered despite the dMSN inhibition. This insight has implications for our understanding of the mechanism underlying the behavioral impairments observed in neuropsychiatric conditions linked to early dopaminergic hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettel Keifman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Camila Coll
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Tubert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo M Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Juan E Belforte
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Mario G Murer
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Barbara Y Braz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
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7
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Striatal synaptic adaptations in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105686. [PMID: 35272023 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum is densely innervated by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that modulate acquisition and vigor of goal-directed actions and habits. This innervation is progressively lost in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to the defining movement deficits of the disease. Although boosting dopaminergic signaling with levodopa early in the course of the disease alleviates these deficits, later this strategy leads to the emergence of debilitating dyskinesia. Here, recent advances in our understanding of how striatal cells and circuits adapt to this progressive de-innervation and to levodopa therapy are discussed. First, we discuss how dopamine (DA) depletion triggers cell type-specific, homeostatic changes in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) that tend to normalize striatal activity but also lead to disruption of the synaptic architecture sculpted by experience. Second, we discuss the roles played by cholinergic and nitric oxide-releasing interneurons in these adaptations. Third, we examine recent work in freely moving mice suggesting that alterations in the spatiotemporal dynamics of striatal ensembles contributes to PD movement deficits. Lastly, we discuss recently published evidence from a progressive model of PD suggesting that contrary to the classical model, striatal pathway imbalance is necessary but not sufficient to produce frank parkinsonism.
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8
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Peng Y, Schöneberg N, Esposito MS, Geiger JRP, Sharott A, Tovote P. Current approaches to characterize micro- and macroscale circuit mechanisms of Parkinson's disease in rodent models. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:114008. [PMID: 35149118 PMCID: PMC7612860 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating technological progress in experimental neuroscience is increasing the scale as well as specificity of both observational and perturbational approaches to study circuit physiology. While these techniques have also been used to study disease mechanisms, a wider adoption of these approaches in the field of experimental neurology would greatly facilitate our understanding of neurological dysfunctions and their potential treatments at cellular and circuit level. In this review, we will introduce classic and novel methods ranging from single-cell electrophysiological recordings to state-of-the-art calcium imaging and cell-type specific optogenetic or chemogenetic stimulation. We will focus on their application in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease while also presenting their use in the context of motor control and basal ganglia function. By highlighting the scope and limitations of each method, we will discuss how they can be used to study pathophysiological mechanisms at local and global circuit levels and how novel frameworks can help to bridge these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Peng
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nina Schöneberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Esposito
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atomico Bariloche, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Jörg R P Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Sharott
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Tovote
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; Center for Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Abstract
In 1959, E. G. Gray described two different types of synapses in the brain for the first time: symmetric and asymmetric. Later on, symmetric synapses were associated with inhibitory terminals, and asymmetric synapses to excitatory signaling. The balance between these two systems is critical to maintain a correct brain function. Likewise, the modulation of both types of synapses is also important to maintain a healthy equilibrium. Cerebral circuitry responds differently depending on the type of damage and the timeline of the injury. For example, promoting symmetric signaling following ischemic damage is beneficial only during the acute phase; afterwards, it further increases the initial damage. Synapses can be also altered by players not directly related to them; the chronic and long-term neurodegeneration mediated by tau proteins primarily targets asymmetric synapses by decreasing neuronal plasticity and functionality. Dopamine represents the main modulating system within the central nervous system. Indeed, the death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons impairs locomotion, underlying the devastating Parkinson’s disease. Herein, we will review studies on symmetric and asymmetric synapses plasticity after three different stressors: symmetric signaling under acute damage—ischemic stroke; asymmetric signaling under chronic and long-term neurodegeneration—Alzheimer’s disease; symmetric and asymmetric synapses without modulation—Parkinson’s disease.
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Latif S, Jahangeer M, Maknoon Razia D, Ashiq M, Ghaffar A, Akram M, El Allam A, Bouyahya A, Garipova L, Ali Shariati M, Thiruvengadam M, Azam Ansari M. Dopamine in Parkinson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:114-126. [PMID: 34389279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of neurons, ie, cells critical to the production of dopamine, an important neurotransmitter in the brain. Here, we present a brief review of the dopamine synthetic pathway, binding to the dopamine receptors, and subsequent action. The production of dopamine (a monoamine neurotransmitter) occurs in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the substantia nigra, specifically in the hypothalamic nucleus and midbrain. Compared to other monoamines, dopamine is widely distributed in the olfactory bulb, midbrain substantia nigra, hypothalamus, VTA, retina, and the periaqueductal gray area. Dopamine receptors are large G-protein coupled receptor family members, of which there are five subtypes including D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. These subtypes are further divided into two subclasses: D1-like family receptors (types 1 and 5) and D2-like family receptors (types 2, 3, and 4). Four different pathways and functions of the dopaminergic system are presented in this review. In the oxidation of dopamine, 5,6-indolequinone, dopamine-o-quinone, and aminochrome are formed. It is difficult to separate the roles of 5,6-indolequinone and dopamine-o-quinone in the degenerative process of Parkinson's diseases due to their instability. The role of aminochrome in Parkinson's disease is to form and stabilize the neurotoxic protofibrils of alpha-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the degradation of protein by lysosomal systems and proteasomes. The neurotoxic effects of aminochrome can be inhibited by preventing the polymerization of 5,6-indolequinone, dopamine-o-quinone, and aminochrome into neuromelanin, by reducing aminochrome catalysis by DT-diaphorase, and by preventing dopamine oxidative deamination catalyzed by monoamine oxidase. In addition to these, the conversion of dopamine in the neuromelanin (NM) shows both protective and toxic roles. Therefore, the aims of this review were to discuss and explain the role of dopamine and explore its physiology and specificity in Parkinson's disease, as well as its role in other physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Latif
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Dure Maknoon Razia
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Ashiq
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aicha El Allam
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, And Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, And Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Larisa Garipova
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, Moscow 109004, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, Moscow 109004, Russian Federation
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Mechanisms of Antiparkinsonian Anticholinergic Therapy Revisited. Neuroscience 2021; 467:201-217. [PMID: 34048797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Before the advent of L-DOPA, the gold standard symptomatic therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic receptor antagonists) were the preferred antiparkinsonian therapy, but their unwanted side effects associated with impaired extrastriatal cholinergic function limited their clinical utility. Since most patients treated with L-DOPA also develop unwanted side effects such as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), better therapies are needed. Recent studies in animal models demonstrate that optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCIN), the main source of striatal acetylcholine, modulate parkinsonism and LID, suggesting that restoring SCIN function might serve as a therapeutic option that avoids extrastriatal anticholinergics' side effects. However, it is still unclear how the altered SCIN activity in PD and LID affects the striatal circuit, whereas the mechanisms of action of anticholinergic drugs are still not fully understood. Recent animal model studies showing that SCINs undergo profound changes in their tonic discharge pattern after chronic L-DOPA administration call for a reexamination of classical views of how SCINs contribute to PD symptoms and LID. Here, we review the recent advances on the circuit implications of aberrant striatal cholinergic signaling in PD and LID in an effort to provide a comprehensive framework to understand the effects of anticholinergic drugs and with the aim of shedding light into future perspectives of cholinergic circuit-based therapies.
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12
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Li M, Wang X, Yao X, Wang X, Chen F, Zhang X, Sun S, He F, Jia Q, Guo M, Chen D, Sun Y, Li Y, He Q, Zhu Z, Wang M. Roles of Motor Cortex Neuron Classes in Reach-Related Modulation for Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645849. [PMID: 33986639 PMCID: PMC8111217 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the function of the primary motor cortex (M1) is thought to play a critical role in motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Detailed information regarding the specific aspects of M1 circuits that become abnormal is lacking. We recorded single units and local field potentials (LFPs) of M1 neurons in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion rats and control rats to assess the impact of dopamine (DA) cell loss during rest and a forelimb reaching task. Our results indicated that M1 neurons can be classified into two groups (putative pyramidal neurons and putative interneurons) and that 6-OHDA could modify the activity of different M1 subpopulations to a large extent. Reduced activation of putative pyramidal neurons during inattentive rest and reaching was observed. In addition, 6-OHDA intoxication was associated with an increase in certain LFP frequencies, especially those in the beta range (broadly defined here as any frequency between 12 and 35 Hz), which become pathologically exaggerated throughout cortico-basal ganglia circuits after dopamine depletion. Furthermore, assessment of different spike-LFP coupling parameters revealed that the putative pyramidal neurons were particularly prone to being phase-locked to ongoing cortical oscillations at 12-35 Hz during reaching. Conversely, putative interneurons were neither hypoactive nor synchronized to ongoing cortical oscillations. These data collectively demonstrate a neuron type-selective alteration in the M1 in hemiparkinsonian rats. These alterations hamper the ability of the M1 to contribute to motor conduction and are likely some of the main contributors to motor impairments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- School of Nursing, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- The First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medicine University, Jinan, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of International Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengnan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dadian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Paz RM, Tubert C, Stahl AM, Amarillo Y, Rela L, Murer MG. Levodopa Causes Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Burst-Pause Activity in Parkinsonian Mice. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1578-1591. [PMID: 33547844 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced striatal cholinergic interneuron activity contributes to the striatal hypercholinergic state in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to levodopa-induced dyskinesia. In severe PD, dyskinesia and motor fluctuations become seriously debilitating, and the therapeutic strategies become scarce. Given that the systemic administration of anticholinergics can exacerbate extrastriatal-related symptoms, targeting cholinergic interneurons is a promising therapeutic alternative. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms causing pathological cholinergic interneuron activity in severe PD with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia may provide new molecular therapeutic targets. METHODS We used ex vivo electrophysiological recordings combined with pharmacological and morphological studies to investigate the intrinsic alterations of cholinergic interneurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of PD treated with levodopa. RESULTS Cholinergic interneurons exhibit pathological burst-pause activity in the parkinsonian "off levodopa" state. This is mediated by a persistent ligand-independent activity of dopamine D1/D5 receptor signaling, involving a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. Dysregulation of membrane ion channels that results in increased inward-rectifier potassium type 2 (Kir2) and decreased leak currents causes the burst pause activity, which can be dampened by pharmacological inhibition of intracellular cAMP. A single challenge with a dyskinetogenic dose of levodopa is sufficient to induce persistent cholinergic interneuron burst-pause firing. CONCLUSION Our data unravel a mechanism causing aberrant cholinergic interneuron burst-pause activity in parkinsonian mice treated with levodopa. Targeting D5-cAMP signaling and the regulation of Kir2 and leak channels may alleviate parkinsonism and dyskinesia by restoring normal cholinergic interneuron function. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Manuel Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Tubert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Agostina Monica Stahl
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Yimy Amarillo
- Departamento de Física Médica, Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, CONICET, 9500 Ezequiel Bustillo Avenue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, 8402, Argentina
| | - Lorena Rela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Mario Gustavo Murer
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
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Antonazzo M, Gomez-Urquijo SM, Ugedo L, Morera-Herreras T. Dopaminergic denervation impairs cortical motor and associative/limbic information processing through the basal ganglia and its modulation by the CB1 receptor. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105214. [PMID: 33278598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are involved in cognitive/motivational functions in addition to movement control. Thus, BG segregated circuits, the sensorimotor (SM) and medial prefrontal (mPF) circuits, process different functional domains, such as motor and cognitive/motivational behaviours, respectively. With a high presence in the BG, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor modulates BG circuits. Furthermore, dopamine (DA), one of the principal neurotransmitters in the BG, also plays a key role in circuit functionality. Taking into account the interaction between DA and the endocannabinoid system at the BG level, we investigated the functioning of BG circuits and their modulation by the CB1 receptor under DA-depleted conditions. We performed single-unit extracellular recordings of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neurons with simultaneous cortical stimulation in sham and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, together with immunohistochemical assays. We showed that DA loss alters cortico-nigral information processing in both circuits, with a predominant transmission through the hyperdirect pathway in the SM circuit and an increased transmission through the direct pathway in the mPF circuit. Moreover, although DA denervation does not change CB1 receptor density, it impairs its functionality, leading to a lack of modulation. These data highlight an abnormal transfer of information through the associative/limbic domains after DA denervation that may be related to the non-motor symptoms manifested by Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Antonazzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sonia María Gomez-Urquijo
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Pérez‐Taboada I, Alberquilla S, Martín ED, Anand R, Vietti‐Michelina S, Tebeka NN, Cantley J, Cragg SJ, Moratalla R, Vallejo M. Diabetes Causes Dysfunctional Dopamine Neurotransmission Favoring Nigrostriatal Degeneration in Mice. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1636-1648. [PMID: 32666590 PMCID: PMC7818508 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate an association between neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Although still a matter of debate, growing evidence from epidemiological and animal studies indicate that preexisting diabetes increases the risk to develop Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms of such an association are unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether diabetes alters striatal dopamine neurotransmission and assessed the vulnerability of nigrostriatal neurons to neurodegeneration. METHODS We used streptozotocin-treated and genetically diabetic db/db mice. Expression of oxidative stress and nigrostriatal neuronal markers and levels of dopamine and its metabolites were monitored. Dopamine release and uptake were assessed using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. 6-Hydroxydopamine was unilaterally injected into the striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Motor performance was scored using specific tests. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in oxidative stress and decreased levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. Levels of proteins regulating dopamine release and uptake, including the dopamine transporter, the Girk2 potassium channel, the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, and the presynaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin-2, were decreased in diabetic mice. Electrically evoked levels of extracellular dopamine in the striatum were enhanced, and altered dopamine uptake was observed. Striatal microinjections of a subthreshold dose of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine in diabetic mice, insufficient to cause motor alterations in nondiabetic animals, resulted in motor impairment, higher loss of striatal dopaminergic axons, and decreased neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that diabetes promotes striatal oxidative stress, alters dopamine neurotransmission, and increases vulnerability to neurodegenerative damage leading to motor impairment. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Pérez‐Taboada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEMMadridSpain
| | - Samuel Alberquilla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Eduardo D. Martín
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Rishi Anand
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Nchimunya N. Tebeka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Division of Systems MedicineUniversity of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - James Cantley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Division of Systems MedicineUniversity of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J. Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEMMadridSpain
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Kovaleski RF, Callahan JW, Chazalon M, Wokosin DL, Baufreton J, Bevan MD. Dysregulation of external globus pallidus-subthalamic nucleus network dynamics in parkinsonian mice during cortical slow-wave activity and activation. J Physiol 2020; 598:1897-1927. [PMID: 32112413 DOI: 10.1113/jp279232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Using cell class-specific optogenetic identification and inhibition during cortical slow-wave activity and activation, we report that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) D2 dopamine receptor expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs) discharge at higher rates, especially during cortical activation, (2) prototypic parvalbumin-expressing GPe neurons are excessively patterned by D2-SPNs even though their autonomous activity is upregulated, (3) despite being disinhibited, STN neurons are not hyperactive, and (4) STN activity opposes striatopallidal patterning. These data argue that in parkinsonian mice abnormal, temporally offset prototypic GPe and STN neuron firing results in part from increased striatopallidal transmission and that compensatory plasticity limits STN hyperactivity and cortical entrainment. ABSTRACT Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key, centrally positioned network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Following the loss of dopamine, the activities of GPe and STN neurons become more temporally offset and strongly correlated with cortical oscillations below 40 Hz. Previous studies utilized cortical slow-wave activity and/or cortical activation (ACT) under anaesthesia to probe the mechanisms underlying the normal and pathological patterning of basal ganglia activity. Here, we combined this approach with in vivo optogenetic inhibition to identify and interrupt the activity of D2 dopamine receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs), parvalbumin-expressing prototypic GPe (PV GPe) neurons, and STN neurons. We found that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) the firing rate of D2-SPNs was elevated, especially during cortical ACT, (2) abnormal phasic suppression of PV GPe neuron activity was ameliorated by optogenetic inhibition of coincident D2-SPN activity, (3) autonomous PV GPe neuron firing ex vivo was upregulated, presumably through homeostatic mechanisms, (4) STN neurons were not hyperactive, despite being disinhibited, (5) optogenetic inhibition of the STN exacerbated abnormal GPe activity, and (6) exaggerated beta band activity was not present in the cortex or GPe-STN network. Together with recent studies, these data suggest that in dopamine-depleted mice abnormally correlated and temporally offset PV GPe and STN neuron activity is generated in part by elevated striatopallidal transmission, while compensatory plasticity prevents STN hyperactivity and limits cortical entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Kovaleski
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua W Callahan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marine Chazalon
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Mark D Bevan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Synaptic and cellular plasticity in Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:447-452. [PMID: 32112041 PMCID: PMC7470833 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which causes a tremendous socioeconomic burden. PD patients are suffering from debilitating motor and nonmotor symptoms. Cardinal motor symptoms of PD, including akinesia, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, are caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, decreased amounts of dopamine (DA) level in the basal ganglia induces numerous adaptive changes at the cellular and synaptic levels in the basal ganglia circuits. These cellular and synaptic adaptations are believed to underlie the emergence and propagation of correlated, rhythmic pattern of activity throughout the interconnected cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. The widespread pathological pattern of brain activity is closely linked to the devastating motor symptoms of PD. Accumulating evidence suggests that both dopaminergic degeneration and the associated abnormal cellular and circuit activity in the basal ganglia drive the motor symptoms of PD. In this short review I summarize the recent advances in our understanding of synaptic and cellular alterations in two basal ganglia nuclei (i.e. the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus) following a complete loss of DA, and in our conceptual understanding of the cellular and circuit bases for the pathological pattern of brain activity in parkinsonian state.
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Lee K, Masmanidis SC. Aberrant features of in vivo striatal dynamics in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1678-1688. [PMID: 31502290 PMCID: PMC6801089 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The striatum plays an important role in learning, selecting, and executing actions. As a major input hub of the basal ganglia, it receives and processes a diverse array of signals related to sensory, motor, and cognitive information. Aberrant neural activity in this area is implicated in a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is therefore important to understand the hallmarks of disrupted striatal signal processing. This review surveys literature examining how in vivo striatal microcircuit dynamics are impacted in animal models of one of the most widely studied movement disorders, Parkinson's disease. The review identifies four major features of aberrant striatal dynamics: altered relative levels of direct and indirect pathway activity, impaired information processing by projection neurons, altered information processing by interneurons, and increased synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sotiris C. Masmanidis
- Department of Neurobiology and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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19
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Indirect Medium Spiny Neurons in the Dorsomedial Striatum Regulate Ethanol-Containing Conditioned Reward Seeking. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7206-7217. [PMID: 31315945 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0876-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)-containing indirect medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) contribute to reward-seeking behaviors. However, those roles for ethanol-seeking behaviors remain unknown. To investigate ethanol-seeking behaviors, we used an ethanol-containing reward (10% ethanol and 10% sucrose solution; 10E10S). Upon conditioning with 10E10S, mice that initially only preferred 10% sucrose, not 10E10S, showed a stronger preference for 10E10S. Then, we investigated whether the manipulation of the DMS-external globus pallidus (GPe) iMSNs circuit alters the ethanol-containing reward (10E10S) seeking behaviors using the combination of pharmacologic and optogenetic approaches. DMS A2AR activation dampened operant conditioning-induced ethanol-containing reward, whereas A2AR antagonist abolished the effects of the A2AR agonist and restored ethanol-containing reward-seeking. Moreover, pre-ethanol exposure potentiated the A2AR-dependent reward-seeking. Interestingly, mice exhibiting ethanol-containing reward-seeking showed the reduction of the DMS iMSNs activity, suggesting that disinhibiting iMSNs decreases reward-seeking behaviors. In addition, we found that A2AR activation reversed iMSNs neural activity in the DMS. Similarly, optogenetic stimulation of the DMS-GPe iMSNs reduced ethanol-containing reward-seeking, whereas optogenetic inhibition of the DMS-GPe iMSNs reversed this change. Together, our study demonstrates that DMS A2AR and iMSNs regulate ethanol-containing reward-seeking behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our findings highlight the mechanisms of how operant conditioning develops the preference of ethanol-containing conditioned reward. Mice exhibiting ethanol-containing reward-seeking showed a reduction of the indirect medium spiny neuronal activity in the dorsomedial striatum. Pharmacological activation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) or optogenetic activation of indirect medium spiny neurons dampened operant conditioned ethanol-containing reward-seeking, whereas inhibiting this neuronal activity restored ethanol-containing reward-seeking. Furthermore, repeated intermittent ethanol exposure potentiated A2AR-dependent reward-seeking. Therefore, our finding suggests that A2AR-containing indirect medium spiny neuronal activation reduces ethanol-containing reward-seeking, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.
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Mariani LL, Longueville S, Girault JA, Hervé D, Gervasi N. Differential enhancement of ERK, PKA and Ca 2+ signaling in direct and indirect striatal neurons of Parkinsonian mice. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104506. [PMID: 31220556 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by severe locomotor deficits due to the disappearance of dopamine (DA) from the dorsal striatum. The development of PD symptoms and treatment-related complications such as dyskinesia have been proposed to result from complex alterations in intracellular signaling in both direct and indirect pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs, respectively) following loss of DA afferents. To identify cell-specific and dynamical modifications of signaling pathways associated with PD, we used a hemiparkinsonian mouse model with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion combined with two-photon fluorescence biosensors imaging in adult corticostriatal slices. After DA lesion, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was increased in response to DA D1 receptor (D1R) or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) stimulation. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway contributing to ERK activation displayed supersensitive responses to D1R stimulation after 6-OHDA lesion. This cAMP/PKA supersensitivity was specific of D1R-responding SPNs and resulted from Gαolf upregulation and deficient phosphodiesterase activity. In lesioned striatum, the number of D1R-SPNs with spontaneous Ca2+ transients augmented while Ca2+ response to AMPA receptor stimulation specifically increased in iSPNs. Our work reveals distinct cell type-specific signaling alterations in the striatum after DA denervation. It suggests that over-activation of ERK pathway, observed in PD striatum, known to contribute to dyskinesia, may be linked to the combined dysregulation of DA and glutamate signaling pathways in the two populations of SPNs. These findings bring new insights into the implication of these respective neuronal populations in PD motor symptoms and the occurrence of PD treatment complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise-Laure Mariani
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Longueville
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Gervasi
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
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Dunovan K, Vich C, Clapp M, Verstynen T, Rubin J. Reward-driven changes in striatal pathway competition shape evidence evaluation in decision-making. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006998. [PMID: 31060045 PMCID: PMC6534331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) networks are critical for adaptive decision-making, yet how changes to circuit-level properties impact cognitive algorithms remains unclear. Here we explore how dopaminergic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses alters competition between striatal pathways, impacting the evidence accumulation process during decision-making. Spike-timing dependent plasticity simulations showed that dopaminergic feedback based on rewards modified the ratio of direct and indirect corticostriatal weights within opposing action channels. Using the learned weight ratios in a full spiking CBGT network model, we simulated neural dynamics and decision outcomes in a reward-driven decision task and fit them with a drift diffusion model. Fits revealed that the rate of evidence accumulation varied with inter-channel differences in direct pathway activity while boundary height varied with overall indirect pathway activity. This multi-level modeling approach demonstrates how complementary learning and decision computations can emerge from corticostriatal plasticity. Cognitive process models such as reinforcement learning (RL) and the drift diffusion model (DDM) have helped to elucidate the basic algorithms underlying error-corrective learning and the evaluation of accumulating decision evidence leading up to a choice. While these relatively abstract models help to guide experimental and theoretical probes into associated phenomena, they remain uninformative about the actual physical mechanics by which learning and decision algorithms are carried out in a neurobiological substrate during adaptive choice behavior. Here we present an “upwards mapping” approach to bridging neural and cognitive models of value-based decision-making, showing how dopaminergic feedback alters the network-level dynamics of cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) pathways during learning to bias behavioral choice towards more rewarding actions. By mapping “up” the levels of analysis, this approach yields specific predictions about aspects of neuronal activity that map to the quantities appearing in the cognitive decision-making framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dunovan
- Dept. of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catalina Vich
- Dept. de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Matthew Clapp
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Dept. of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TV); (JR)
| | - Jonathan Rubin
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Dept. of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TV); (JR)
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22
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:411-422. [PMID: 30937538 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The striatum is richly innervated by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that modulate a diverse array of cellular and synaptic functions that control goal-directed actions and habits. The loss of this innervation has long been thought to be the principal cause of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, chronic, pharmacological overstimulation of striatal dopamine (DA) receptors is generally viewed as the trigger for levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in late-stage PD patients. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between the striatum and DA, particularly as it relates to PD and LID. First, it has become clear that chronic perturbations of DA levels in PD and LID bring about cell type-specific, homeostatic changes in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) that tend to normalize striatal activity. Second, perturbations in DA signaling also bring about non-homeostatic aberrations in synaptic plasticity that contribute to disease symptoms. Third, it has become evident that striatal interneurons are major determinants of network activity and behavior in PD and LID. Finally, recent work examining the activity of SPNs in freely moving animals has revealed that the pathophysiology induced by altered DA signaling is not limited to imbalance in the average spiking in direct and indirect pathways, but involves more nuanced disruptions of neuronal ensemble activity.
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23
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Du Y, Graves SM. Spiny Projection Neuron Dynamics in Toxin and Transgenic Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:17. [PMID: 30930753 PMCID: PMC6428770 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine (DA) neurons. As a consequence of SNc degeneration, the striatum undergoes DA depletion causing the emergence of motor symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and rigidity. The primary cell type in the striatum is the spiny projection neuron (SPN), which can be divided into two subpopulations, the direct and indirect pathway; the direct pathway innervates the substantia nigra pars reticulata and internal segment of the globus pallidus whereas the indirect pathway innervates the external segment of the globus pallidus. Proper control of movement requires a delicate balance between the two pathways; in PD dysfunction occurs in both cell types and impairments in synaptic plasticity are found in transgenic and toxin rodent models of PD. However, it is difficult to ascertain how the striatum adapts during different stages of PD, particularly during premotor stages. In the natural evolution of PD, patients experience years of degeneration before motor symptoms arise. To model premotor PD, partial lesion rodents and transgenic mice demonstrating progressive nigral degeneration have been and will continue to be assets to the field. Although, rodent models emulating premotor PD are not fully asymptomatic; modest reductions in striatal DA result in cognitive impairments. This mini review article gives a brief summary of SPN dynamics in animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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24
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Electrophysiological Properties of Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in the Caudate-Putamen of Prepubertal Male and Female Drd1a-tdTomato Line 6 BAC Transgenic Mice. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-CFN-0016-19. [PMID: 30899778 PMCID: PMC6426437 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0016-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The caudate-putamen is a striatal brain region essential for sensorimotor behaviors, habit learning, and other cognitive and premotor functions. The output and predominant neuron of the caudate-putamen is the medium spiny neuron (MSN). MSNs present discrete cellular subtypes that show differences in neurochemistry, dopamine receptor expression, efferent targets, gene expression, functional roles, and most importantly for this study, electrophysiological properties. MSN subtypes include the striatonigral and the striatopallidal groups. Most studies identify the striatopallidal MSN subtype as being more excitable than the striatonigral MSN subtype. However, there is some divergence between studies regarding the exact differences in electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, MSN subtype electrophysiological properties have not been reported disaggregated by biological sex. We addressed these questions using prepubertal male and female Drd1a-tdTomato line 6 BAC transgenic mice, an important transgenic line that has not yet received extensive electrophysiological analysis. We made acute caudate-putamen brain slices and assessed a robust battery of 16 relevant electrophysiological properties using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, including intrinsic membrane, action potential, and miniature EPSC (mEPSC) properties. We found that: (1) MSN subtypes exhibited multiple differential electrophysiological properties in both sexes, including rheobase, action potential threshold and width, input resistance in both the linear and rectified ranges, and mEPSC amplitude; (2) select electrophysiological properties showed interactions between MSN subtype and sex. These findings provide a comprehensive evaluation of mouse caudate-putamen MSN subtype electrophysiological properties across females and males, both confirming and extending previous studies.
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25
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Willard AM, Isett BR, Whalen TC, Mastro KJ, Ki CS, Mao X, Gittis AH. State transitions in the substantia nigra reticulata predict the onset of motor deficits in models of progressive dopamine depletion in mice. eLife 2019; 8:e42746. [PMID: 30839276 PMCID: PMC6402832 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose cardinal motor symptoms are attributed to dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits under conditions of low dopamine. Despite well-established physiological criteria to define basal ganglia dysfunction, correlations between individual parameters and motor symptoms are often weak, challenging their predictive validity and causal contributions to behavior. One limitation is that basal ganglia pathophysiology is studied only at end-stages of depletion, leaving an impoverished understanding of when deficits emerge and how they evolve over the course of depletion. In this study, we use toxin- and neurodegeneration-induced mouse models of dopamine depletion to establish the physiological trajectory by which the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) transitions from the healthy to the diseased state. We find that physiological progression in the SNr proceeds in discrete state transitions that are highly stereotyped across models and correlate well with the prodromal and symptomatic stages of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Willard
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Brian R Isett
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Timothy C Whalen
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Kevin J Mastro
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Chris S Ki
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Aryn H Gittis
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
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26
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Graves SM, Surmeier DJ. Delayed Spine Pruning of Direct Pathway Spiny Projection Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:32. [PMID: 30809128 PMCID: PMC6379265 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), principal striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) lose axospinous synapses. However, there has been a disagreement about whether this loss is restricted to a specific type of SPN or not, as some studies have reported pruning in both direct pathway SPNs and indirect pathway SPNs, while others have found this pruning to be restricted to indirect pathway SPNs. One possible explanation for the discrepancy is the period between the induction of the parkinsonian state and the assessment of spine loss. To test this hypothesis, transgenic mice were subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and then direct pathway SPNs examined in ex vivo brain slices using two photon laser scanning microscopy either one or 2 months afterwards. These studies revealed that 1 month after the lesion, there was no loss of spines in direct pathway SPNs. However, 2 months after the lesion, spine loss was significant in direct pathway SPNs. In addition to reconciling the existing literature on the impact of the parkinsonian state on axospinous synapse elimination in SPNs, our results suggest that the delayed spine loss in direct pathway SPNs is not driven by homeostatic mechanisms [as posited for indirect pathway (iSPNs)], but rather by network pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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27
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Gomez G, Escande MV, Suarez LM, Rela L, Belforte JE, Moratalla R, Murer MG, Gershanik OS, Taravini IRE. Changes in Dendritic Spine Density and Inhibitory Perisomatic Connectivity onto Medium Spiny Neurons in L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6261-6275. [PMID: 30746639 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using bacterial artificial chromosome-double transgenic mice expressing tdTomato in D1 receptor-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and enhanced green fluorescent protein in D2 receptor-MSNs, we have studied changes in spine density and perisomatic GABAergic boutons density in MSNs of both the D1R and D2R pathways, in an experimental model of parkinsonism (mouse injected with 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle), both in the parkinsonian and dyskinetic condition induced by L-DOPA treatment. To assess changes in perisomatic GABAergic connectivity onto MSNs, we measured the number of contacts originated from parvalbumin (PV)-containing striatal "fast-spiking" interneurons (FSIs), the major component of a feed-forward inhibition mechanism that regulates spike timing in MSNs, in both cell types as well as the number of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) contacts. Furthermore, we determined changes in PV-immunoreactive cell density by PV immunolabeling combined with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) labeling to detect FSI in a PV-independent manner. We also explored the differential expression of striatal activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) and c-Fos in both types of MSNs as a measure of neuronal activation. Our results confirm previous findings of major structural changes in dendritic spine density after nigrostriatal denervation, which are further modified in the dyskinetic condition. Moreover, the finding of differential modifications in perisomatic GABAergic connectivity and neuronal activation in MSNs suggests an attempt by the system to regain homeostasis after denervation and an imbalance between excitation and inhibition leading to the development of dyskinesia after exposure to L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gomez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Laboratorio de Parkinson Experimental, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Escande
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L M Suarez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Rela
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J E Belforte
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M G Murer
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O S Gershanik
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Laboratorio de Parkinson Experimental, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I R E Taravini
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Laboratorio de Parkinson Experimental, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Experimental (LNE), CONICET - Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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28
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Parkinson's disease-like burst firing activity in subthalamic nucleus induced by AAV-α-synuclein is normalized by LRRK2 modulation. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 116:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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29
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Differential Synaptic Remodeling by Dopamine in Direct and Indirect Striatal Projection Neurons in Pitx3 -/- Mice, a Genetic Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3619-3630. [PMID: 29483281 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3184-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In toxin-based models of Parkinson's disease (PD), striatal projection neurons (SPNs) exhibit dendritic atrophy and spine loss concurrent with an increase in excitability. Chronic l-DOPA treatment that induces dyskinesia selectively restores spine density and excitability in indirect pathway SPNs (iSPNs), whereas spine loss and hyperexcitability persist in direct pathway SPNs (dSPNs). These alterations have only been characterized in toxin-based models of PD, raising the possibility that they are an artifact of exposure to the toxin, which may engage compensatory mechanisms independent of the PD-like pathology or due to the loss of dopaminergic afferents. To test all these, we studied the synaptic remodeling in Pitx3-/- or aphakia mice, a genetic model of PD, in which most of the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra fail to fully differentiate and to innervate the striatum. We made 3D reconstructions of the dendritic arbor and measured excitability in identified SPNs located in dorsal striatum of BAC-Pitx3-/- mice treated with saline or l-DOPA. Both dSPNs and iSPNs from BAC-Pitx3-/- mice had shorter dendritic trees, lower spine density, and more action potentials than their counterparts from WT mice. Chronic l-DOPA treatment restored spine density and firing rate in iSPNs. By contrast, in dSPNs, spine loss and hyperexcitability persisted following l-DOPA treatment, which is similar to what happens in 6-OHDA WT mice. This indicates that dopamine-mediated synaptic remodeling and plasticity is independent of dopamine innervation during SPN development and that Pitx3-/- mice are a good model because they develop the same pathology described in the toxins-based models and in human postmortem studies of advanced PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT As the only genetic model of Parkinson's disease (PD) that develops dyskinesia, Pitx3-/- mice reproduce the behavioral effects seen in humans and are a good system for studying dopamine-induced synaptic remodeling. The studies we present here establish that the structural and functional synaptic plasticity that occur in striatal projection neurons in PD and in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia are specifically due to modulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine and are not artifacts of the use of chemical toxins in PD models. In addition, our findings provide evidence that synaptic plasticity in the Pitx3-/- mouse is similar to that seen in toxin models despite its lack of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum during development. Pitx3-/- mice reproduced the alterations described in patients with advanced PD and in well accepted toxin-based models of PD and dyskinesia. These results further consolidate the fidelity of the Pitx3-/- mouse as a PD model in which to study the morphological and physiological remodeling of striatal projection neurons by administration of l-DOPA and other drugs.
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30
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LRRK2 G2019S Induces Anxiety/Depression-like Behavior before the Onset of Motor Dysfunction with 5-HT 1A Receptor Upregulation in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1611-1621. [PMID: 29305532 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4051-15.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropathology of LRRK2 mutation-related PD, including increased dopaminergic neurodegeneration and Lewy bodies, is indistinguishable from that of idiopathic PD. The subtle nonmotor phenotypes of LRRK2 mutation-related PD have not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we examined anxiety/depression-like behaviors and accompanying neurochemical changes in differently aged transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human mutant LRRK2 G2019S. Through multiple behavioral tests, including light-dark test, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and tail-suspension test, we found that anxiety/depression-like behavior appeared in middle-aged (43-52 weeks) Tg mice before the onset of PD-like motor dysfunction. These behavioral tests were performed using both male and female mice, and there were no sex-related differences in behavioral changes in the middle-aged Tg mice. Along with behavioral changes, serotonin levels also significantly declined in the hippocampus of Tg mice. Additionally, increases in the expression of the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) grew more significant with aging and were detected in the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus. In vitro study using the serotonergic RN46A and hippocampal HT22 cells showed that 5-HT1AR upregulation was related to enhanced expression of LRRK2 G2019S and was attenuated by the LRRK2 inhibitor LRRK2-IN-1. Wild-type LRRK2 had no significant effect on 5-HT1AR transcription. The present study provides the first in vivo and in vitro evidence demonstrating abnormal regulation of 5-HT1AR along with the manifestation of anxiety/depression-like, nonmotor symptom in PD related to LRRK2.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is clinically characterized by motor dysfunctions. In most cases, various nonmotor symptoms present several years before the onset of the classical motor features of PD and severely affect the quality of life of patients. Here, we demonstrate the causative role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a common PD-linked mutation, in the development of anxiety/depression-like behaviors. We found that age-dependent 5-HT1A receptor upregulation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus is accompanied by the expression of the LRRK2 mutant phenotype. Our findings demonstrating a potential mechanism for nonmotor psychiatric symptoms produced by LRRK2 mutation suggest that directly targeting the 5-HT1A receptor can improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for PD-associated depression.
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31
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Winland CD, Welsh N, Sepulveda-Rodriguez A, Vicini S, Maguire-Zeiss KA. Inflammation alters AMPA-stimulated calcium responses in dorsal striatal D2 but not D1 spiny projection neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2519-2533. [PMID: 28921719 PMCID: PMC5673553 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation precedes neuronal loss in striatal neurodegenerative diseases and can be exacerbated by the release of proinflammatory molecules by microglia. These molecules can affect trafficking of AMPARs. The preferential trafficking of calcium-permeable versus impermeable AMPARs can result in disruptions of [Ca2+ ]i and alter cellular functions. In striatal neurodegenerative diseases, changes in [Ca2+ ]i and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) have been reported. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether a proinflammatory environment alters AMPA-stimulated [Ca2+ ]i through calcium-permeable AMPARs and/or L-type VGCCs in dopamine-2- and dopamine-1-expressing striatal spiny projection neurons (D2 and D1 SPNs) in the dorsal striatum. Mice expressing the calcium indicator protein, GCaMP in D2 or D1 SPNs, were utilized for calcium imaging. Microglial activation was assessed by morphology analyses. To induce inflammation, acute mouse striatal slices were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we report that LPS treatment potentiated AMPA responses only in D2 SPNs. When a nonspecific VGCC blocker was included, we observed a decrease of AMPA-stimulated calcium fluorescence in D2 but not D1 SPNs. The remaining agonist-induced [Ca2+ ]i was mediated by calcium-permeable AMPARs because the responses were completely blocked by a selective calcium-permeable AMPAR antagonist. We used isradipine, the highly selective L-type VGCC antagonist to determine the role of L-type VGCCs in SPNs treated with LPS. Isradipine decreased AMPA-stimulated responses selectively in D2 SPNs after LPS treatment. Our findings suggest that dorsal striatal D2 SPNs are specifically targeted in proinflammatory conditions and that L-type VGCCs and calcium-permeable AMPARs are important mediators of this effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Cations, Divalent/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/pathology
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Female
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microglia/pathology
- Receptors, AMPA/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa D. Winland
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
| | - Nora Welsh
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
| | - Alberto Sepulveda-Rodriguez
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
| | - Kathleen A. Maguire-Zeiss
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
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32
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Sharott A, Vinciati F, Nakamura KC, Magill PJ. A Population of Indirect Pathway Striatal Projection Neurons Is Selectively Entrained to Parkinsonian Beta Oscillations. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9977-9998. [PMID: 28847810 PMCID: PMC5637121 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0658-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical schemes of basal ganglia organization posit that parkinsonian movement difficulties presenting after striatal dopamine depletion stem from the disproportionate firing rates of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) therein. There remains, however, a pressing need to elucidate striatal SPN firing in the context of the synchronized network oscillations that are abnormally exaggerated in cortical-basal ganglia circuits in parkinsonism. To address this, we recorded unit activities in the dorsal striatum of dopamine-intact and dopamine-depleted rats during two brain states, respectively defined by cortical slow-wave activity (SWA) and activation. Dopamine depletion escalated striatal net output but had contrasting effects on "direct pathway" SPNs (dSPNs) and "indirect pathway" SPNs (iSPNs); their firing rates became imbalanced, and they disparately engaged in network oscillations. Disturbed striatal activity dynamics relating to the slow (∼1 Hz) oscillations prevalent during SWA partly generalized to the exaggerated beta-frequency (15-30 Hz) oscillations arising during cortical activation. In both cases, SPNs exhibited higher incidences of phase-locked firing to ongoing cortical oscillations, and SPN ensembles showed higher levels of rhythmic correlated firing, after dopamine depletion. Importantly, in dopamine-depleted striatum, a widespread population of iSPNs, which often displayed excessive firing rates and aberrant phase-locked firing to cortical beta oscillations, preferentially and excessively synchronized their firing at beta frequencies. Conversely, dSPNs were neither hyperactive nor synchronized to a large extent during cortical activation. These data collectively demonstrate a cell type-selective entrainment of SPN firing to parkinsonian beta oscillations. We conclude that a population of overactive, excessively synchronized iSPNs could orchestrate these pathological rhythms in basal ganglia circuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic depletion of dopamine from the striatum, a part of the basal ganglia, causes some symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Here, we elucidate how dopamine depletion alters striatal neuron firing in vivo, with an emphasis on defining whether and how spiny projection neurons (SPNs) engage in the synchronized beta-frequency (15-30 Hz) oscillations that become pathologically exaggerated throughout basal ganglia circuits in parkinsonism. We discovered that a select population of so-called "indirect pathway" SPNs not only fire at abnormally high rates, but are also particularly prone to being recruited to exaggerated beta oscillations. Our results provide an important link between two complementary theories that explain the presentation of disease symptoms on the basis of changes in firing rate or firing synchronization/rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Federica Vinciati
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kouichi C Nakamura
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Peter J Magill
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom, and
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
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33
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Zhai S, Tanimura A, Graves SM, Shen W, Surmeier DJ. Striatal synapses, circuits, and Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 48:9-16. [PMID: 28843800 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is a hub in the basal ganglia circuitry controlling goal directed actions and habits. The loss of its dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation in Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts the ability of the two principal striatal projection systems to respond appropriately to cortical and thalamic signals, resulting in the hypokinetic features of the disease. New tools to study brain circuitry have led to significant advances in our understanding of striatal circuits and how they adapt in PD models. This short review summarizes some of these recent studies and the gaps that remain to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyu Zhai
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Asami Tanimura
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Bahuguna J, Tetzlaff T, Kumar A, Hellgren Kotaleski J, Morrison A. Homologous Basal Ganglia Network Models in Physiological and Parkinsonian Conditions. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:79. [PMID: 28878643 PMCID: PMC5572265 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical model of basal ganglia has been refined in recent years with discoveries of subpopulations within a nucleus and previously unknown projections. One such discovery is the presence of subpopulations of arkypallidal and prototypical neurons in external globus pallidus, which was previously considered to be a primarily homogeneous nucleus. Developing a computational model of these multiple interconnected nuclei is challenging, because the strengths of the connections are largely unknown. We therefore use a genetic algorithm to search for the unknown connectivity parameters in a firing rate model. We apply a binary cost function derived from empirical firing rate and phase relationship data for the physiological and Parkinsonian conditions. Our approach generates ensembles of over 1,000 configurations, or homologies, for each condition, with broad distributions for many of the parameter values and overlap between the two conditions. However, the resulting effective weights of connections from or to prototypical and arkypallidal neurons are consistent with the experimental data. We investigate the significance of the weight variability by manipulating the parameters individually and cumulatively, and conclude that the correlation observed between the parameters is necessary for generating the dynamics of the two conditions. We then investigate the response of the networks to a transient cortical stimulus, and demonstrate that networks classified as physiological effectively suppress activity in the internal globus pallidus, and are not susceptible to oscillations, whereas parkinsonian networks show the opposite tendency. Thus, we conclude that the rates and phase relationships observed in the globus pallidus are predictive of experimentally observed higher level dynamical features of the physiological and parkinsonian basal ganglia, and that the multiplicity of solutions generated by our method may well be indicative of a natural diversity in basal ganglia networks. We propose that our approach of generating and analyzing an ensemble of multiple solutions to an underdetermined network model provides greater confidence in its predictions than those derived from a unique solution, and that projecting such homologous networks on a lower dimensional space of sensibly chosen dynamical features gives a better chance than a purely structural analysis at understanding complex pathologies such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Bahuguna
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Institute I, Jülich Research CenterJülich, Germany
| | - Tom Tetzlaff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Institute I, Jülich Research CenterJülich, Germany
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Computational Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Biology, Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Computational Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Abigail Morrison
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Institute I, Jülich Research CenterJülich, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurosciences, Ruhr UniversityBochum, Germany
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35
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Phan JA, Stokholm K, Zareba-Paslawska J, Jakobsen S, Vang K, Gjedde A, Landau AM, Romero-Ramos M. Early synaptic dysfunction induced by α-synuclein in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6363. [PMID: 28743955 PMCID: PMC5526979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that synapses are affected first in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we tested the claim that pathological accumulation of α-synuclein, and subsequent synaptic disruption, occur in absence of dopaminergic neuron loss in PD. We determined early synaptic changes in rats that overexpress human α-synuclein by local injection of viral-vectors in midbrain. We aimed to achieve α-synuclein levels sufficient to induce terminal pathology without significant loss of nigral neurons. We tested synaptic disruption in vivo by analyzing motor defects and binding of a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand to the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, (VMAT2), [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ). Animals overexpressing α-synuclein had progressive motor impairment and, 12 weeks post-surgery, showed asymmetric in vivo striatal DTBZ binding. The PET images matched ligand binding in post-mortem tissue, and histological markers of dopaminergic integrity. Histology confirmed the absence of nigral cell death with concomitant significant loss of striatal terminals. Progressive aggregation of proteinase-K resistant and Ser129-phosphorylated α-synuclein was observed in dopaminergic terminals, in dystrophic swellings that resembled axonal spheroids and contained mitochondria and vesicular proteins. In conclusion, pathological α-synuclein in nigro-striatal axonal terminals leads to early axonal pathology, synaptic disruption, dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission, motor impairment, and measurable change of VMAT2 in the absence of cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny-Ann Phan
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Stokholm
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Justyna Zareba-Paslawska
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Center of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dept of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark. .,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, Risskov, 8240, Denmark.
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
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36
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Lee JY, Xu K, Nguyen H, Guedes VA, Borlongan CV, Acosta SA. Stem Cell-Induced Biobridges as Possible Tools to Aid Neuroreconstruction after CNS Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:51. [PMID: 28540289 PMCID: PMC5424542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch-induced mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate a distinct mechanism of repair after brain injury by forming a biobridge that facilitates biodistribution of host cells from a neurogenic niche to the area of injury. We have observed the biobridge in an area between the subventricular zone and the injured cortex using immunohistochemistry and laser capture. Cells in the biobridge express high levels of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-9, which co-localized with a trail of MSCs graft. The transplanted stem cells then become almost undetectable, being replaced by newly recruited host cells. This stem cell-paved biobridge provides support for distal migration of host cells from the subventricular zone to the site of injury. Biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells seems to have a fundamental role in initiating endogenous repair processes. Two major stem cell-mediated repair mechanisms have been proposed thus far: direct cell replacement by transplanted grafts and bystander effects through the secretion of trophic factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), erythropoietin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among others. This groundbreaking observation of biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells represents a novel mechanism for stem cell mediated brain repair. Future studies on graft-host interaction will likely establish biobridge formation as a fundamental mechanism underlying therapeutic effects of stem cells and contribute to the scientific pursuit of developing safe and efficient therapies not only for traumatic brain injury but also for other neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to hypothetically extend concepts related to the formation of biobridges in other central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Kaya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Vivian A Guedes
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra A Acosta
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
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37
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Dopamine Depletion Impairs Bilateral Sensory Processing in the Striatum in a Pathway-Dependent Manner. Neuron 2017; 94:855-865.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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38
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Gagnon D, Petryszyn S, Sanchez MG, Bories C, Beaulieu JM, De Koninck Y, Parent A, Parent M. Striatal Neurons Expressing D 1 and D 2 Receptors are Morphologically Distinct and Differently Affected by Dopamine Denervation in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41432. [PMID: 28128287 PMCID: PMC5269744 DOI: 10.1038/srep41432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease induces a reduction in the number of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum expressing D1 or D2 dopamine receptor. Consequences on MSNs expressing both receptors (D1/D2 MSNs) are currently unknown. We looked for changes induced by dopamine denervation in the density, regional distribution and morphological features of D1/D2 MSNs, by comparing 6-OHDA-lesioned double BAC transgenic mice (Drd1a-tdTomato/Drd2-EGFP) to sham-lesioned animals. D1/D2 MSNs are uniformly distributed throughout the dorsal striatum (1.9% of MSNs). In contrast, they are heterogeneously distributed and more numerous in the ventral striatum (14.6% in the shell and 7.3% in the core). Compared to D1 and D2 MSNs, D1/D2 MSNs are endowed with a smaller cell body and a less profusely arborized dendritic tree with less dendritic spines. The dendritic spine density of D1/D2 MSNs, but also of D1 and D2 MSNs, is significantly reduced in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. In contrast to D1 and D2 MSNs, the extent of dendritic arborization of D1/D2 MSNs appears unaltered in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Our data indicate that D1/D2 MSNs in the mouse striatum form a distinct neuronal population that is affected differently by dopamine deafferentation that characterizes Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gagnon
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - S Petryszyn
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - M G Sanchez
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - C Bories
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - J M Beaulieu
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Y De Koninck
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - A Parent
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - M Parent
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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39
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Decrease of a Current Mediated by K v 1.3 Channels Causes Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Hyperexcitability in Experimental Parkinsonism. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2749-2762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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