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Fondevila MF, Novoa E, Fernandez U, Dorta V, Parracho T, Kreimeyer H, Garcia-Vence M, Chantada-Vazquez MP, Bravo SB, Porteiro B, Cabaleiro A, Koning M, Senra A, Souto Y, Verheij J, Guallar D, Fidalgo M, Meijnikman AS, da Silva Lima N, Dieguez C, Gonzalez-Rellan MJ, Nogueiras R. Inhibition of hepatic p63 ameliorates steatohepatitis with fibrosis in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101962. [PMID: 38815625 PMCID: PMC11180345 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE p63 is a transcription factor involved in multiple biological functions. In the liver, the TAp63 isoform induces lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. However, the role of liver TAp63 in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with fibrosis is unknown. METHODS We evaluated the hepatic p63 levels in different mouse models of steatohepatitis with fibrosis induced by diet. Next, we used virogenetic approaches to manipulate the expression of TAp63 in adult mice under diet-induced steatohepatitis with fibrosis and characterized the disease condition. Finally, we performed proteomics analysis in mice with overexpression and knockdown of hepatic TAp63. RESULTS Levels of TAp63, but not of ΔN isoform, are increased in the liver of mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Both preventive and interventional strategies for the knockdown of hepatic TAp63 significantly ameliorated diet-induced steatohepatitis with fibrosis in mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) and choline deficient and high fat diet (CDHFD). The overexpression of hepatic TAp63 in mice aggravated the liver condition in mice fed a CDHFD. Proteomic analysis in the liver of these mice revealed alteration in multiple proteins and pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant activity, peroxisome function and LDL clearance. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that liver TAp63 plays a critical role in the progression of diet-induced steatohepatitis with fibrosis, and its inhibition ameliorates the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos F Fondevila
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Eva Novoa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Uxia Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Valentina Dorta
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Tamara Parracho
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Henriette Kreimeyer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maria Garcia-Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Spain
| | - Maria P Chantada-Vazquez
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Spain
| | - Begoña Porteiro
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Alba Cabaleiro
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Mijra Koning
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Yara Souto
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Guallar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Abraham S Meijnikman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Natalia da Silva Lima
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Maria J Gonzalez-Rellan
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Galicia Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, 15702, Spain.
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Milella L, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Scapagnini G, Willcox DC. Dietary Astaxanthin: A Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Brain Aging and Adult Neurogenesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:643. [PMID: 38132964 PMCID: PMC10744637 DOI: 10.3390/md21120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased adult neurogenesis, or the gradual depletion of neural stem cells in adult neurogenic niches, is considered a hallmark of brain aging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between aging, adult neurogenesis, and the potential neuroregenerative properties of astaxanthin, a carotenoid principally extracted from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. The unique chemical structure of astaxanthin enables it to cross the blood-brain barrier and easily reach the brain, where it may positively influence adult neurogenesis. Astaxanthin can affect molecular pathways involved in the homeostasis, through the activation of FOXO3-related genetic pathways, growth, and regeneration of adult brain neurons, enhancing cell proliferation and the potency of stem cells in neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin appears to modulate neuroinflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and limiting neuroinflammation associated with aging and chronic microglial activation. By modulating these pathways, along with its potent antioxidant properties, astaxanthin may contribute to the restoration of a healthy neurogenic microenvironment, thereby preserving the activity of neurogenic niches during both normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V. le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Donald Craig Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2211, Japan
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Sola M, Rendon-Angel A, Rojo Martinez V, Sgrignani J, Magrin C, Piovesana E, Cavalli A, Paganetti P, Papin S. Tau protein binds to the P53 E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10208. [PMID: 37353565 PMCID: PMC10290082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau gene mutations cause a progressive dementia and neurotoxic Tau forms deposited in neurofibrillary tangles are hallmarks of neurodegenerative tauopathies. Loss of non-canonical Tau functions may contribute to disease. In fact, Tau depletion affects the cellular response to DNA damage and tauopathies exhibit the accumulation of DNA lesions. Moreover, Tau modulates P53 activity and cell fate. Considering that MDM2 is the main antagonist of P53, we investigated, using orthogonal assays, if Tau interacts with MDM2. We report the existence in cells and brain of a Tau-MDM2 complex that, in vitro, exhibits reduced P53 ubiquitination activity in a manner sensitive to a Tau mutation. The Tau-MDM2 interaction involves the microtubule-binding domain of Tau and the acidic domain of MDM2, reminiscent of the binding of Tau to negatively charged microtubules. Notably, MDM2 accumulates aberrantly in neurofibrillary tangles. Aging-associated insults may expose a novel loss-of-function of Tau in neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sola
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Azucena Rendon-Angel
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Rojo Martinez
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Computational Structural Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Magrin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ester Piovesana
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational Structural Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Neurocentro Della Svizzera Italiana, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphanie Papin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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León R, Gutiérrez DA, Pinto C, Morales C, de la Fuente C, Riquelme C, Cortés BI, González-Martin A, Chamorro D, Espinosa N, Fuentealba P, Cancino GI, Zanlungo S, Dulcey AE, Marugan JJ, Álvarez Rojas A. c-Abl tyrosine kinase down-regulation as target for memory improvement in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1180987. [PMID: 37358955 PMCID: PMC10289333 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1180987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests that the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Abl, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we analyzed the effect of c-Abl on the cognitive performance decline of APPSwe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model for AD. Methods We used the conditional genetic ablation of c-Abl in the brain (c-Abl-KO) and pharmacological treatment with neurotinib, a novel allosteric c-Abl inhibitor with high brain penetrance, imbued in rodent's chow. Results We found that APP/PS1/c-Abl-KO mice and APP/PS1 neurotinib-fed mice had improved performance in hippocampus-dependent tasks. In the object location and Barnes-maze tests, they recognized the displaced object and learned the location of the escape hole faster than APP/PS1 mice. Also, APP/PS1 neurotinib-fed mice required fewer trials to reach the learning criterion in the memory flexibility test. Accordingly, c-Abl absence and inhibition caused fewer amyloid plaques, reduced astrogliosis, and preserved neurons in the hippocampus. Discussion Our results further validate c-Abl as a target for AD, and the neurotinib, a novel c-Abl inhibitor, as a suitable preclinical candidate for AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilda León
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela A. Gutiérrez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Morales
- Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biológica y Médica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Neural Circuits, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Centre, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina de la Fuente
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Riquelme
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I. Cortés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián González-Martin
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Chamorro
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Espinosa
- Laboratory of Neural Circuits, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Centre, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Neural Circuits, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Centre, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E. Dulcey
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Alejandra Álvarez Rojas
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Zhang Q, Jiu Y. The regulation of host cytoskeleton during SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nervous system. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2023.9050004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global economy and public health are currently under enormous pressure since the outbreak of COVID-19. Apart from respiratory discomfort, a subpopulation of COVID-19 patients exhibits neurological symptoms such as headache, myalgia, and loss of smell. Some have even shown encephalitis and necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. The cytoskeleton of nerve cells changes drastically in these pathologies, indicating that the cytoskeleton and its related proteins are closely related to the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases. In this review, we present the up-to-date association between host cytoskeleton and coronavirus infection in the context of the nervous system. We systematically summarize cytoskeleton-related pathogen-host interactions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, hoping to contribute to the development of clinical treatment in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Simões JL, Sobierai LD, Leal IF, Dos Santos MV, Coiado JV, Bagatini MD. Action of the Purinergic and Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathways on Oxidative Stress in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Neuroscience 2023; 512:110-132. [PMID: 36526078 PMCID: PMC9746135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected more than 20 million people in Brazil and caused a global health emergency. This virus has the potential to affect various parts of the body and compromise metabolic functions. The virus-mediated neural inflammation of the nervous system is due to a storm of cytokines and oxidative stress, which are the clinical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This neurodegenerative disease is aggravated in cases involving SARS-CoV-2 and its inflammatory biomarkers, accelerating accumulation of β-amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and production of reactive oxygen species, which lead to homeostasis imbalance. The cholinergic system, through neurons and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), modulates various physiological pathways, such as the response to stress, sleep and wakefulness, sensory information, and the cognitive system. Patients with AD have low concentrations of ACh; hence, therapeutic methods are aimed at adjusting the ACh titers available to the body for maintaining functionality. Herein, we focused on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, responsible for the degradation of ACh in the synaptic cleft, and muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonists of the cholinergic system owing to the therapeutic potential of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in AD associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia L.B. Simões
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Inayá F. Leal
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - João Victor Coiado
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete D. Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil,Corresponding author
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7
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Sun D, Mei L, Xiong WC. Dorsal Dentate Gyrus, a Key Regulator for Mood and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00009-4. [PMID: 36894487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus, a "gate" that controls the flow of information into the hippocampus, is critical for learning, memory, spatial navigation, and mood regulation. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that deficits in dentate granule cells (DGCs) (e.g., loss of DGCs or genetic mutations in DGCs) contribute to the development of various psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Whereas ventral DGCs are believed to be critical for mood regulation, the functions of dorsal DGCs in this regard remain elusive. Here, we review the role of DGCs, in particular the dorsal DGCs, in the regulation of mood, their functional relationships with DGC development, and the contributions of dysfunctional DGCs to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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8
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Ali S, Passarella D, Intrieri M, Scapagnini G. Dietary Flavonoids and Adult Neurogenesis: Potential Implications for Brain Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:651-668. [PMID: 36321225 PMCID: PMC10207917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221031103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis deficiency has been proposed to be a common hallmark in different age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The administration of flavonoids is currently reported as a potentially beneficial strategy for preventing brain aging alterations, including adult neurogenesis decline. Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have drawn attention for their neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects. Although they undergo extensive metabolism and localize in the brain at low concentrations, flavonoids are now believed to improve cerebral vasculature and interact with signal transduction cascades involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, many dietary flavonoids have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, improving the neuronal microenvironment where adult neurogenesis occurs. The overall goal of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the role of flavonoids in modulating adult neurogenesis as well as to highlight how these dietary agents may be promising candidates in restoring healthy brain function during physiological and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
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9
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Correlation between DNA Methylation and Cell Proliferation Identifies New Candidate Predictive Markers in Meningioma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246227. [PMID: 36551712 PMCID: PMC9776514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Based on the 2021 WHO classification, they are classified into three grades reflecting recurrence risk and aggressiveness. However, the WHO's histopathological criteria defining these grades are somewhat subjective. Together with reliable immunohistochemical proliferation indices, other molecular markers such as those studied with genome-wide epigenetics promise to revamp the current prognostic classification. In this study, 48 meningiomas of various grades were randomly included and explored for DNA methylation with the Infinium MethylationEPIC microarray over 850k CpG sites. We conducted differential and correlative analyses on grade and several proliferation indices and markers, such as mitotic index and Ki-67 or MCM6 immunohistochemistry. We also set up Cox proportional hazard models for extensive associations between CpG methylation and survival. We identified loci highly correlated with cell growth and a targeted methylation signature of regulatory regions persistently associated with proliferation, grade, and survival. Candidate genes under the control of these regions include SMC4, ESRRG, PAX6, DOK7, VAV2, OTX1, and PCDHA-PCDHB-PCDHG, i.e., the protocadherin gene clusters. This study highlights the crucial role played by epigenetic mechanisms in shaping dysregulated cellular proliferation and provides potential biomarkers bearing prognostic and therapeutic value for the clinical management of meningioma.
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10
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Distinct interactors define the p63 transcriptional signature in epithelial development or cancer. Biochem J 2022; 479:1375-1392. [PMID: 35748701 PMCID: PMC9250260 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The TP63 is an indispensable transcription factor for development and homeostasis of epithelia and its derived glandular tissue. It is also involved in female germline cell quality control, muscle and thymus development. It is expressed as multiple isoforms transcribed by two independent promoters, in addition to alternative splicing occurring at the mRNA 3′-UTR. Expression of the TP63 gene, specifically the amino-deleted p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is required to regulate numerous biological activities, including lineage specification, self-renewal capacity of epithelial stem cells, proliferation/expansion of basal keratinocytes, differentiation of stratified epithelia. In cancer, ΔNp63 is implicated in squamous cancers pathogenesis of different origin including skin, head and neck and lung and in sustaining self-renewal of cancer stem cells. How this transcription factor can control such a diverse set of biological pathways is central to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which p63 acquires oncogenic activity, profoundly changing its down-stream transcriptional signature. Here, we highlight how different proteins interacting with p63 allow it to regulate the transcription of several central genes. The interacting proteins include transcription factors/regulators, epigenetic modifiers, and post-transcriptional modifiers. Moreover, as p63 depends on its interactome, we discuss the hypothesis to target the protein interactors to directly affect p63 oncogenic activities and p63-related diseases.
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11
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Rahman MA, Islam K, Rahman S, Alamin M. Neurobiochemical Cross-talk Between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1017-1023. [PMID: 33078369 PMCID: PMC7571527 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, the global threat to humanity, shares etiological cofactors with multiple diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the common links between COVID-19 and AD would harness strategizing therapeutic approaches against both. Considering the urgency of formulating COVID-19 medication, its AD association and manifestations have been reviewed here, putting emphasis on memory and learning disruption. COVID-19 and AD share common links with respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), galectin-9 (GAL-9 or Gal-9), and APOE4 allele. Common etiological factors and common manifestations described in this review would aid in developing therapeutic strategies for both COVID-19 and AD and thus impact on eradicating the ongoing global threat. Thus, people suffering from COVID-19 or who have come round of it as well as people at risk of developing AD or already suffering from AD, would be benefitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azizur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Saidur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alamin
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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12
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Tomita H, Cornejo F, Aranda-Pino B, Woodard CL, Rioseco CC, Neel BG, Alvarez AR, Kaplan DR, Miller FD, Cancino GI. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Delta Regulates Developmental Neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:215-228.e5. [PMID: 31914388 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPRD is a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is genetically associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we asked whether Ptprd mutations cause aberrant neural development by perturbing neurogenesis in the murine cortex. We show that loss of Ptprd causes increases in neurogenic transit-amplifying intermediate progenitor cells and cortical neurons and perturbations in neuronal localization. These effects are intrinsic to neural precursor cells since acute Ptprd knockdown causes similar perturbations. PTPRD mediates these effects by dephosphorylating receptor tyrosine kinases, including TrkB and PDGFRβ, and loss of Ptprd causes the hyperactivation of TrkB and PDGFRβ and their downstream MEK-ERK signaling pathway in neural precursor cells. Moreover, inhibition of aberrant TrkB or MEK activation rescues the increased neurogenesis caused by knockdown or homozygous loss of Ptprd. These results suggest that PTPRD regulates receptor tyrosine kinases to ensure appropriate numbers of intermediate progenitor cells and neurons, suggesting a mechanism for its genetic association with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tomita
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Begoña Aranda-Pino
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Cameron L Woodard
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Constanza C Rioseco
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - David R Kaplan
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Freda D Miller
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Gonzalo I Cancino
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada; Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
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13
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Papin S, Paganetti P. Emerging Evidences for an Implication of the Neurodegeneration-Associated Protein TAU in Cancer. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110862. [PMID: 33207722 PMCID: PMC7696480 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and cancer may appear unrelated illnesses. Yet, epidemiologic studies indicate an inverse correlation between their respective incidences for specific cancers. Possibly explaining these findings, increasing evidence indicates that common molecular pathways are involved, often in opposite manner, in the pathogenesis of both disease families. Genetic mutations in the MAPT gene encoding for TAU protein cause an inherited form of frontotemporal dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder, but also increase the risk of developing cancer. Assigning TAU at the interface between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, two major aging-linked disease families, offers a possible clue for the epidemiological observation inversely correlating these human illnesses. In addition, the expression level of TAU is recognized as a prognostic marker for cancer, as well as a modifier of cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Because of its microtubule-binding properties, TAU may interfere with the mechanism of action of taxanes, a class of chemotherapeutic drugs designed to stabilize the microtubule network and impair cell division. Indeed, a low TAU expression is associated to a better response to taxanes. Although TAU main binding partners are microtubules, TAU is able to relocate to subcellular sites devoid of microtubules and is also able to bind to cancer-linked proteins, suggesting a role of TAU in modulating microtubule-independent cellular pathways associated to oncogenesis. This concept is strengthened by experimental evidence linking TAU to P53 signaling, DNA stability and protection, processes that protect against cancer. This review aims at collecting literature data supporting the association between TAU and cancer. We will first summarize the evidence linking neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, then published data supporting a role of TAU as a modifier of the efficacy of chemotherapies and of the oncogenic process. We will finish by addressing from a mechanistic point of view the role of TAU in de-regulating critical cancer pathways, including the interaction of TAU with cancer-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Papin
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Neurosciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-811-7250
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14
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Jurkowski MP, Bettio L, K. Woo E, Patten A, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J. Beyond the Hippocampus and the SVZ: Adult Neurogenesis Throughout the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:576444. [PMID: 33132848 PMCID: PMC7550688 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.576444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), in which a series of distinct stages of neuronal development has been well characterized. However, more recently, new neurons have also been found in other brain regions of the adult mammalian brain, including the hypothalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, cortex, and amygdala. While some studies have suggested that these new neurons originate from endogenous stem cell pools located within these brain regions, others have shown the migration of neurons from the SVZ to these regions. Notably, it has been shown that the generation of new neurons in these brain regions is impacted by neurologic processes such as stroke/ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, numerous factors such as neurotrophic support, pharmacologic interventions, environmental exposures, and stem cell therapy can modulate this endogenous process. While the presence and significance of adult neurogenesis in the human brain (and particularly outside of the classical neurogenic regions) is still an area of debate, this intrinsic neurogenic potential and its possible regulation through therapeutic measures present an exciting alternative for the treatment of several neurologic conditions. This review summarizes evidence in support of the classic and novel neurogenic zones present within the mammalian brain and discusses the functional significance of these new neurons as well as the factors that regulate their production. Finally, it also discusses the potential clinical applications of promoting neurogenesis outside of the classical neurogenic niches, particularly in the hypothalamus, cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal P. Jurkowski
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luis Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Emma K. Woo
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Patten
- Centre for Interprofessional Clinical Simulation Learning (CICSL), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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15
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Tau affects P53 function and cell fate during the DNA damage response. Commun Biol 2020; 3:245. [PMID: 32427887 PMCID: PMC7237658 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to DNA damaging insults. To protect the organism, cells developed a complex molecular response coordinated by P53, the master regulator of DNA repair, cell division and cell fate. DNA damage accumulation and abnormal cell fate decision may represent a pathomechanism shared by aging-associated disorders such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Here, we examined this hypothesis in the context of tauopathies, a neurodegenerative disorder group characterized by Tau protein deposition. For this, the response to an acute DNA damage was studied in neuroblastoma cells with depleted Tau, as a model of loss-of-function. Under these conditions, altered P53 stability and activity result in reduced cell death and increased cell senescence. This newly discovered function of Tau involves abnormal modification of P53 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Considering the medical need with vast social implications caused by neurodegeneration and cancer, our study may reform our approach to disease-modifying therapies. Martina Sola, Claudia Magrin et al. study the relation between Tau and P53 in response to DNA damage. They uncover an important role for Tau in regulating the stability, and activity of P53 post translationally. Their findings provide insights to potentially common pathways in neurodegenerative disease and cancer.
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16
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Banerjee J, Allaway RJ, Taroni JN, Baker A, Zhang X, Moon CI, Pratilas CA, Blakeley JO, Guinney J, Hirbe A, Greene CS, Gosline SJC. Integrative Analysis Identifies Candidate Tumor Microenvironment and Intracellular Signaling Pathways that Define Tumor Heterogeneity in NF1. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E226. [PMID: 32098059 PMCID: PMC7073563 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a monogenic syndrome that gives rise to numerous symptoms including cognitive impairment, skeletal abnormalities, and growth of benign nerve sheath tumors. Nearly all NF1 patients develop cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs), which occur on the skin surface, whereas 40-60% of patients develop plexiform neurofibromas (pNFs), which are deeply embedded in the peripheral nerves. Patients with pNFs have a ~10% lifetime chance of these tumors becoming malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). These tumors have a severe prognosis and few treatment options other than surgery. Given the lack of therapeutic options available to patients with these tumors, identification of druggable pathways or other key molecular features could aid ongoing therapeutic discovery studies. In this work, we used statistical and machine learning methods to analyze 77 NF1 tumors with genomic data to characterize key signaling pathways that distinguish these tumors and identify candidates for drug development. We identified subsets of latent gene expression variables that may be important in the identification and etiology of cNFs, pNFs, other neurofibromas, and MPNSTs. Furthermore, we characterized the association between these latent variables and genetic variants, immune deconvolution predictions, and protein activity predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jineta Banerjee
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Robert J Allaway
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jaclyn N Taroni
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Aaron Baker
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chang In Moon
- Division of Oncology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Neurology, Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Justin Guinney
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Angela Hirbe
- Division of Oncology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara JC Gosline
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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17
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Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome with unusual cutaneous vitiligoid and psoriasiform lesions due to a novel single point TP63 gene mutation. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:358-364. [PMID: 31333354 PMCID: PMC6640015 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.73437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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18
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Kong X, Gong Z, Zhang L, Sun X, Ou Z, Xu B, Huang J, Long D, He X, Lin X, Li Q, Xu L, Xuan A. JAK2/STAT3 signaling mediates IL-6-inhibited neurogenesis of neural stem cells through DNA demethylation/methylation. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:159-173. [PMID: 30763768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, considered as a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been demonstrated to affect hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to modulate neurogenesis. However, the mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we reported that IL-6 suppressed neurogenesis via a JAK2/STAT3 signaling in neural stem cells (NSCs). Importantly, we found that NeuroD1 (Neurogenic differentiation 1) gene expression, which drives NSCs neurodifferentiation, was regulated by TET3 and DNMT1 in a JAK2/STAT3-dependent manner. We further found that JAK2/STAT3 inhibition enhanced demethylation of NeuroD1 regulatory elements in IL-6-treated cells, which is related to the significant upregulation of TET3 expression as well as the decreased expression of DNMT1. Furthermore, Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 significantly rescued the memory deficits and hippocampal neurogenesis dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice. Our data suggest that JAK2/STAT3 signaling plays a vital role in suppressing neurogenesis of NSCs exposed to IL-6 at the epigenetic level, by regulating DNA methylation/demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Kong
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Department of Neurology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511518, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhenri Ou
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Dahong Long
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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19
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Mukhopadhyay P, Seelan RS, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Impact of prenatal arsenate exposure on gene expression in a pure population of migratory cranial neural crest cells. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 86:76-85. [PMID: 30953684 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to arsenic, a naturally occurring toxic element, causes neural tube defects (NTDs) and, in animal models, orofacial anomalies. Since aberrant development or migration of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) can also cause similar anomalies within developing embryos, we examined the effects of in utero exposure to sodium arsenate on gene expression patterns in pure populations of CNCCs, isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), from Cre/LoxP reporter mice. Changes in gene expression were analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChip® microarrays and expression of selected genes was verified by TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR. We report, for the first time, arsenate-induced alterations in the expression of a number of novel candidate genes and canonical cascades that may contribute to the pathogenesis of orofacial defects. Ingenuity Pathway and NIH-DAVID analyses revealed cellular response pathways, biological themes, and potential upstream regulators, that may underlie altered fetal programming of arsenate exposed CNCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Ratnam S Seelan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Robert M Greene
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - M Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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20
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AhR Deletion Promotes Aberrant Morphogenesis and Synaptic Activity of Adult-Generated Granule Neurons and Impairs Hippocampus-Dependent Memory. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0370-17. [PMID: 30225360 PMCID: PMC6140122 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0370-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn granule cells are continuously produced in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus throughout life. Once these cells mature, they integrate into pre-existing circuits modulating hippocampus-dependent memory. Subsequently, mechanisms controlling generation and maturation of newborn cells are essential for proper hippocampal function. Therefore, we have studied the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated bHLH-PAS transcription factor, in hippocampus-dependent memory and granule neuronal morphology and function using genetic loss-of-function approaches based on constitutive and inducible-nestin AhR–/– mice. The results presented here show that the impaired hippocampus-dependent memory in AhR absence is not due to its effects on neurogenesis but to aberrant dendritic arborization and an increased spine density, albeit with a lower number of mature mushrooms spines in newborn granule cells, a finding that is associated with an immature electrophysiological phenotype. Together, our data strongly suggest that AhR plays a pivotal role in the regulation of hippocampal function, by controlling hippocampal granule neuron morphology and synaptic maturation.
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21
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Storer MA, Gallagher D, Fatt MP, Simonetta JV, Kaplan DR, Miller FD. Interleukin-6 Regulates Adult Neural Stem Cell Numbers during Normal and Abnormal Post-natal Development. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1464-1480. [PMID: 29628394 PMCID: PMC5995693 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating systemic factors can regulate adult neural stem cell (NSC) biology, but the identity of these circulating cues is still being defined. Here, we have focused on the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), since increased circulating levels of IL-6 are associated with neural pathologies such as autism and bipolar disorder. We show that IL-6 promotes proliferation of post-natal murine forebrain NSCs and that, when the IL-6 receptor is inducibly knocked out in post-natal or adult neural precursors, this causes a long-term decrease in forebrain NSCs. Moreover, a transient circulating surge of IL-6 in perinatal or adult mice causes an acute increase in neural precursor proliferation followed by long-term depletion of adult NSC pools. Thus, IL-6 signaling is both necessary and sufficient for adult NSC self-renewal, and acute perturbations in circulating IL-6, as observed in many pathological situations, have long-lasting effects on the size of adult NSC pools. The cytokine IL-6 promotes self-renewal of post-natal forebrain NSCs Inducible knockout of the IL-6 receptor causes long-term decreases in post-natal NSCs A transient surge of circulating IL-6 ultimately depletes adult NSC pools IL-6 signaling is both necessary and sufficient for adult NSC self-renewal
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekayla A Storer
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Denis Gallagher
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael P Fatt
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1A8, Canada
| | - Jaclin V Simonetta
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1A8, Canada
| | - David R Kaplan
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1A8, Canada.
| | - Freda D Miller
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1A8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1A8, Canada.
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22
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Omais S, Jaafar C, Ghanem N. "Till Death Do Us Part": A Potential Irreversible Link Between Aberrant Cell Cycle Control and Neurodegeneration in the Adult Olfactory Bulb. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:144. [PMID: 29593485 PMCID: PMC5854681 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis (AN) is an ongoing developmental process that generates newborn neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) and the hippocampus (Hi) throughout life and significantly contributes to brain plasticity. Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (aNSPCs) are relatively limited in number and fate and are spatially restricted to the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ). During AN, the distinct roles played by cell cycle proteins extend beyond cell cycle control and constitute key regulatory mechanisms involved in neuronal maturation and survival. Importantly, aberrant cell cycle re-entry (CCE) in post-mitotic neurons has been strongly linked to the abnormal pathophysiology in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases with potential implications on the etiology and progression of such diseases in humans. Here, we present an overview of AN in the SVZ-OB and olfactory epithelium (OE) in mice and humans followed by a comprehensive update of the distinct roles played by cell cycle proteins including major tumors suppressor genes in various steps during neurogenesis. We also discuss accumulating evidence underlining a strong link between abnormal cell cycle control, olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the adult and aging brain. We emphasize that: (1) CCE in post-mitotic neurons due to loss of cell cycle suppression and/or age-related insults as well as DNA damage can anticipate the development of neurodegenerative lesions and protein aggregates, (2) the age-related decline in SVZ and OE neurogenesis is associated with compensatory pro-survival mechanisms in the aging OB which are interestingly similar to those detected in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in humans, and (3) the OB represents a well suitable model to study the early manifestation of age-related defects that may eventually progress into the formation of neurodegenerative lesions and, possibly, spread to the rest of the brain. Such findings may provide a novel approach to the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases in humans from early detection to progression and treatment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Omais
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carine Jaafar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Noël Ghanem
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Stress-Induced Sleep After Exposure to Ultraviolet Light Is Promoted by p53 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2017; 207:571-582. [PMID: 28754659 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced sleep (SIS) in Caenorhabditis elegans is important for restoration of cellular homeostasis and is a useful model to study the function and regulation of sleep. SIS is triggered when epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates the ALA neuron, which then releases neuropeptides to promote sleep. To further understand this behavior, we established a new model of SIS using irradiation by ultraviolet C (UVC) light. While UVC irradiation requires ALA signaling and leads to a sleep state similar to that induced by heat and other stressors, it does not induce the proteostatic stress seen with heat exposure. Based on the known genotoxic effects of UVC irradiation, we tested two genes, atl-1 and cep-1, which encode proteins that act in the DNA damage response pathway. Loss-of-function mutants of atl-1 had no defect in UVC-induced SIS but a partial loss-of-function mutant of cep-1, gk138, had decreased movement quiescence following UVC irradiation. Germline ablation experiments and tissue-specific RNA interference experiments showed that cep-1 is required somatically in neurons for its effect on SIS. The cep-1(gk138) mutant suppressed body movement quiescence controlled by EGF, indicating that CEP-1 acts downstream or in parallel to ALA activation to promote quiescence in response to ultraviolet light.
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24
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The aPKC-CBP Pathway Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in an Age-Dependent Manner. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:719-734. [PMID: 27618724 PMCID: PMC5063627 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While epigenetic modifications have emerged as attractive substrates to integrate environmental changes into the determination of cell identity and function, specific signals that directly activate these epigenetic modifications remain unknown. Here, we examine the role of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC)-mediated Ser436 phosphorylation of CBP, a histone acetyltransferase, in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and memory. Using a knockin mouse strain (CbpS436A) in which the aPKC-CBP pathway is deficient, we observe impaired hippocampal neuronal differentiation, maturation, and memory and diminished binding of CBP to CREB in 6-month-old CbpS436A mice, but not at 3 months of age. Importantly, elevation of CREB activity rescues these deficits, and CREB activity is reduced whereas aPKC activity is increased in the murine hippocampus as they age from 3 to 6 months regardless of genotype. Thus, the aPKC-CBP pathway is a homeostatic compensatory mechanism that modulates hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in an age-dependent manner in response to reduced CREB activity. The aPKC-CBP pathway maintains mature adult hippocampal neuronal differentiation The aPKC-CBP pathway is required for hippocampal-dependent memory in mature adult The aPKC-CBP pathway is required for CBP binding to CREB in mature adult hippocampi Increased CREB activity rescues the deficits due to the deficient aPKC-CBP pathway
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25
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Vargas L, Alvarez A. P73 and P63: The siblings that work together in neurodevelopment. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3671-2. [PMID: 26514275 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Vargas
- a Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular ; Laboratorio de Señalización Celular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; P. Universidad Católica de Chile ; Santiago , Chile
| | - Alejandra Alvarez
- a Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular ; Laboratorio de Señalización Celular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; P. Universidad Católica de Chile ; Santiago , Chile
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26
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Cancino GI, Fatt MP, Miller FD, Kaplan DR. Conditional ablation of p63 indicates that it is essential for embryonic development of the central nervous system. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3270-81. [PMID: 26359534 PMCID: PMC4825551 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1087618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
p63 is a member of the p53 family that regulates the survival of neural precursors in the adult brain. However, the relative importance of p63 in the developing brain is still unclear, since embryonic p63−/− mice display no apparent deficits in neural development. Here, we have used a more definitive conditional knockout mouse approach to address this issue, crossing p63fl/fl mice to mice carrying a nestin-CreERT2 transgene that drives inducible recombination in neural precursors following tamoxifen treatment. Inducible ablation of p63 following tamoxifen treatment of mice on embryonic day 12 resulted in highly perturbed forebrain morphology including a thinner cortex and enlarged lateral ventricles 3 d later. While the normal cortical layers were still present following acute p63 ablation, cortical precursors and neurons were both reduced in number due to widespread cellular apoptosis. This apoptosis was cell-autonomous, since it also occurred when p63 was inducibly ablated in primary cultured cortical precursors. Finally, we demonstrate increased expression of the mRNA encoding another p53 family member, ΔNp73, in cortical precursors of p63−/− but not tamoxifen-treated p63fl/fl;R26YFPfl/fl;nestin-CreERT2+/Ø embryos. Since ΔNp73 promotes cell survival, then this compensatory increase likely explains the lack of an embryonic brain phenotype in p63−/− mice. Thus, p63 plays a key prosurvival role in the developing mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo I Cancino
- a Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children ; Toronto , ON Canada
| | - Michael P Fatt
- a Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children ; Toronto , ON Canada.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto ; Toronto , ON Canada
| | - Freda D Miller
- a Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children ; Toronto , ON Canada.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto ; Toronto , ON Canada.,c Departments of Physiology ; University of Toronto ; Toronto , ON Canada.,d Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto ; Toronto , ON Canada
| | - David R Kaplan
- a Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children ; Toronto , ON Canada.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto ; Toronto , ON Canada.,d Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto ; Toronto , ON Canada
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27
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Khacho M, Clark A, Svoboda DS, Azzi J, MacLaurin JG, Meghaizel C, Sesaki H, Lagace DC, Germain M, Harper ME, Park DS, Slack RS. Mitochondrial Dynamics Impacts Stem Cell Identity and Fate Decisions by Regulating a Nuclear Transcriptional Program. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:232-247. [PMID: 27237737 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulated mechanisms of stem cell maintenance are key to preventing stem cell depletion and aging. While mitochondrial morphology plays a fundamental role in tissue development and homeostasis, its role in stem cells remains unknown. Here, we uncover that mitochondrial dynamics regulates stem cell identity, self-renewal, and fate decisions by orchestrating a transcriptional program. Manipulation of mitochondrial structure, through OPA1 or MFN1/2 deletion, impaired neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal, with consequent age-dependent depletion, neurogenesis defects, and cognitive impairments. Gene expression profiling revealed ectopic expression of the Notch self-renewal inhibitor Botch and premature induction of transcription factors that promote differentiation. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics regulate stem cell fate decisions by driving a physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated process, which triggers a dual program to suppress self-renewal and promote differentiation via NRF2-mediated retrograde signaling. These findings reveal mitochondrial dynamics as an upstream regulator of essential mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and fate decisions through transcriptional programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Khacho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alysen Clark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Devon S Svoboda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joelle Azzi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jason G MacLaurin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cynthia Meghaizel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Diane C Lagace
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David S Park
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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28
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Chatzi C, Schnell E, Westbrook GL. Localized hypoxia within the subgranular zone determines the early survival of newborn hippocampal granule cells. eLife 2015; 4:e08722. [PMID: 26476335 PMCID: PMC4714973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of adult hippocampal newborn cells die during early differentiation from intermediate progenitors (IPCs) to immature neurons. Neural stem cells in vivo are located in a relative hypoxic environment, and hypoxia enhances their survival, proliferation and stemness in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that migration of IPCs away from hypoxic zones within the SGZ might result in oxidative damage, thus triggering cell death. Hypoxic niches were observed along the SGZ, composed of adult NSCs and early IPCs, and oxidative byproducts were present in adjacent late IPCs and neuroblasts. Stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor-1α with dimethyloxallyl glycine increased early survival, but not proliferation or differentiation, in neurospheres in vitro and in newly born SGZ cells in vivo. Rescue experiments in Bax(fl/fl) mutants supported these results. We propose that localized hypoxia within the SGZ contributes to the neurogenic microenvironment and determines the early, activity-independent survival of adult hippocampal newborn cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chatzi
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Eric Schnell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, United States
| | - Gary L Westbrook
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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29
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Ceizar M, Dhaliwal J, Xi Y, Smallwood M, Kumar KL, Lagace DC. Bcl-2 is required for the survival of doublecortin-expressing immature neurons. Hippocampus 2015; 26:211-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Ceizar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Jagroop Dhaliwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Yanwei Xi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Megan Smallwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Keren Leviel Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Diane C. Lagace
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
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30
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Abstract
Of the neurogenic zones in the adult brain, adult hippocampal neurogenesis attracts the most attention, because it is involved in higher cognitive function, most notably memory processes, and certain affective behaviors. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is also found in humans at a considerable level and appears to contribute significantly to hippocampal plasticity across the life span, because it is regulated by activity. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis generates new excitatory granule cells in the dentate gyrus, whose axons form the mossy fiber tract that links the dentate gyrus to CA3. It originates from a population of radial glia-like precursor cells (type 1 cells) that have astrocytic properties, express markers of neural stem cells and divide rarely. They give rise to intermediate progenitor cells with first glial (type 2a) and then neuronal (type 2b) phenotype. Through a migratory neuroblast-like stage (type 3), the newborn, lineage-committed cells exit the cell cycle and enter a maturation stage, during which they extend their dendrites into a the molecular layer and their axon to CA3. They go through a period of several weeks, during which they show increased synaptic plasticity, before finally becoming indistinguishable from the older granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden and CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Stem Cell Program at ICW, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics LOG-G, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
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31
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Bae EJ, Chen BH, Yan BC, Shin BN, Cho JH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Lee JC, Tae HJ, Hong S, Kim DW, Cho JH, Lee YL, Won MH, Park JH. Delayed hippocampal neuronal death in young gerbil following transient global cerebral ischemia is related to higher and longer-term expression of p63 in the ischemic hippocampus. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26199612 PMCID: PMC4498357 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p63 is one of p53 family members and plays a vital role as a regulator of neuronal apoptosis in the development of the nervous system. However, the role of p63 in mature neuronal death has not been addressed yet. In this study, we first compared ischemia-induced effects on p63 expression in the hippocampal regions (CA1–3) between the young and adult gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia. Neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region of young gerbils was significantly slow compared with that in the adult gerbils after transient global cerebral ischemia. p63 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in the sham-operated young group was significantly low compared with that in the sham-operated adult group. p63 immunoreactivity was apparently changed in ischemic hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in both ischemia-operated young and adult groups. In the ischemia-operated adult groups, p63 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was significantly decreased at 4 days post-ischemia; however, p63 immunoreactivity in the ischemia-operated young group was significantly higher than that in the ischemia-operated adult group. At 7 days post-ischemia, p63 immunoreactivity was decreased in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in both ischemia-operated young and adult groups. Change patterns of p63 level in the hippocampal CA1 region of adult and young gerbils after ischemic damage were similar to those observed in the immunohistochemical results. These findings indicate that higher and longer-term expression of p63 in the hippocampal CA1 region of the young gerbils after ischemia/reperfusion may be related to more delayed neuronal death compared to that in the adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Institute of Integrative Traditional & Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea ; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Adult hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells regulate the neurogenic niche by secreting VEGF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4128-33. [PMID: 25775598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422448112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult hippocampus hosts a population of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) that proliferates throughout the mammalian life span. To date, the new neurons derived from NSPCs have been the primary measure of their functional relevance. However, recent studies show that undifferentiated cells may shape their environment through secreted growth factors. Whether endogenous adult NSPCs secrete functionally relevant growth factors remains unclear. We show that adult hippocampal NSPCs secrete surprisingly large quantities of the essential growth factor VEGF in vitro and in vivo. This self-derived VEGF is functionally relevant for maintaining the neurogenic niche as inducible, NSPC-specific loss of VEGF results in impaired stem cell maintenance despite the presence of VEGF produced from other niche cell types. These findings reveal adult hippocampal NSPCs as an unanticipated source of an essential growth factor and imply an exciting functional role for adult brain NSPCs as secretory cells.
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33
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Ankrd11 is a chromatin regulator involved in autism that is essential for neural development. Dev Cell 2014; 32:31-42. [PMID: 25556659 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ankrd11 is a potential chromatin regulator implicated in neural development and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with no known function in the brain. Here, we show that knockdown of Ankrd11 in developing murine or human cortical neural precursors caused decreased proliferation, reduced neurogenesis, and aberrant neuronal positioning. Similar cellular phenotypes and aberrant ASD-like behaviors were observed in Yoda mice carrying a point mutation in the Ankrd11 HDAC-binding domain. Consistent with a role for Ankrd11 in histone acetylation, Ankrd11 was associated with chromatin and colocalized with HDAC3, and expression and histone acetylation of Ankrd11 target genes were altered in Yoda neural precursors. Moreover, the Ankrd11 knockdown-mediated decrease in precursor proliferation was rescued by inhibiting histone acetyltransferase activity or expressing HDAC3. Thus, Ankrd11 is a crucial chromatin regulator that controls histone acetylation and gene expression during neural development, thereby providing a likely explanation for its association with cognitive dysfunction and ASD.
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Abstract
DNA damage has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, but the consequences of genotoxic stress to postmitotic neurons are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that p53, a key mediator of the DNA damage response, plays a neuroprotective role in a Drosophila model of tauopathy. Further, through a whole-genome ChIP-chip analysis, we identify genes controlled by p53 in postmitotic neurons. We genetically validate a specific pathway, synaptic function, in p53-mediated neuroprotection. We then demonstrate that the control of synaptic genes by p53 is conserved in mammals. Collectively, our results implicate synaptic function as a central target in p53-dependent protection from neurodegeneration.
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35
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Conditional deletion of α-CaMKII impairs integration of adult-generated granule cells into dentate gyrus circuits and hippocampus-dependent learning. J Neurosci 2014; 34:11919-28. [PMID: 25186740 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0652-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New granule cells are continuously integrated into hippocampal circuits throughout adulthood, and the fine-tuning of this process is likely important for efficient hippocampal function. During development, this integration process is critically regulated by the α-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (α-CaMKII), and here we ask whether this role is conserved in the adult brain. To do this, we developed a transgenic strategy to conditionally delete α-CaMKII from neural progenitor cells and their progeny in adult mice. First, we found that the selective deletion of α-CaMKII from newly generated dentate granule cells led to an increase in dendritic complexity. Second, α-CaMKII deletion led to a reduction in number of mature synapses and cell survival. Third, consistent with altered morphological and synaptic development, acquisition of one-trial contextual fear conditioning was impaired after deletion of α-CaMKII from newly generated dentate granule cells. Previous work in Xenopus identified α-CaMKII as playing a key role in the stabilization of dendritic and synaptic structure during development. The current study indicates that α-CaMKII plays a plays a similar, cell-autonomous role in the adult hippocampus and, in addition, reveals that the loss of α-CaMKII from adult-generated granule cells is associated with impaired hippocampus-dependent learning.
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36
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Zander MA, Cancino GI, Gridley T, Kaplan DR, Miller FD. The Snail transcription factor regulates the numbers of neural precursor cells and newborn neurons throughout mammalian life. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104767. [PMID: 25136812 PMCID: PMC4138084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Snail transcription factor regulates diverse aspects of stem cell biology in organisms ranging from Drosophila to mammals. Here we have asked whether it regulates the biology of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the forebrain of postnatal and adult mice, taking advantage of a mouse containing a floxed Snail allele (Snailfl/fl mice). We show that when Snail is inducibly ablated in the embryonic cortex, this has long-term consequences for cortical organization. In particular, when Snailfl/fl mice are crossed to Nestin-cre mice that express Cre recombinase in embryonic neural precursors, this causes inducible ablation of Snail expression throughout the postnatal cortex. This loss of Snail causes a decrease in proliferation of neonatal cortical neural precursors and mislocalization and misspecification of cortical neurons. Moreover, these precursor phenotypes persist into adulthood. Adult neural precursor cell proliferation is decreased in the forebrain subventricular zone and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and this is coincident with a decrease in the number of adult-born olfactory and hippocampal neurons. Thus, Snail is a key regulator of the numbers of neural precursors and newborn neurons throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Zander
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Gridley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, University of Maine, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - David R. Kaplan
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Freda D. Miller
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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37
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Snail coordinately regulates downstream pathways to control multiple aspects of mammalian neural precursor development. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5164-75. [PMID: 24719096 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0370-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Snail transcription factor plays a key role in regulating diverse developmental processes but is not thought to play a role in mammalian neural precursors. Here, we have examined radial glial precursor cells of the embryonic murine cortex and demonstrate that Snail regulates their survival, self-renewal, and differentiation into intermediate progenitors and neurons via two distinct and separable target pathways. First, Snail promotes cell survival by antagonizing a p53-dependent death pathway because coincident p53 knockdown rescues survival deficits caused by Snail knockdown. Second, we show that the cell cycle phosphatase Cdc25b is regulated by Snail in radial precursors and that Cdc25b coexpression is sufficient to rescue the decreased radial precursor proliferation and differentiation observed upon Snail knockdown. Thus, Snail acts via p53 and Cdc25b to coordinately regulate multiple aspects of mammalian embryonic neural precursor biology.
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p63 and p73 coordinate p53 function to determine the balance between survival, cell death, and senescence in adult neural precursor cells. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1546-59. [PMID: 24809925 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 family members p73 and p63 have been implicated in various aspects of stem cell regulation. Here, we have asked whether they work together to regulate stem cell biology, focusing upon neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the adult murine brain. By studying mice that are haploinsufficient for p63 and/or p73, we show that these two proteins cooperate to ensure appropriate NPC self-renewal and long-term maintenance in the hippocampus and forebrain, and that when both are haploinsufficient, the NPC deficits are significantly greater than haploinsufficiency for either alone. We show that, in the case of p63(+/-) mice, this decrease in adult NPCs is caused by enhanced apoptosis. However, when p73 is coincidently haploinsufficient, this rescues the enhanced apoptosis of p63(+/-) NPCs under both basal conditions and following genotoxic stress, instead causing increased cellular senescence. This increase in cellular senescence is likely due, at least in part, to increased levels of basal DNA damage and p53 activation, as genetic ablation of p53 completely rescues the senescence phenotype observed in p63(+/-); p73(+/-) mice. Thus, the presence of p73 determines whether p63(+/-) NPCs exhibit increased p53-dependent apoptosis or senescence. Together, these studies demonstrate that p63 and p73 cooperate to maintain adult NPC pools through regulation of p53 function; p63 antagonizes p53 to promote cellular survival, whereas p73 regulates self-renewal and p53-mediated apoptosis versus senescence.
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Turnley AM, Basrai HS, Christie KJ. Is integration and survival of newborn neurons the bottleneck for effective neural repair by endogenous neural precursor cells? Front Neurosci 2014; 8:29. [PMID: 24600341 PMCID: PMC3929902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After two decades of research the existence of adult neural precursor cells and the phenomenon of adult neurogenesis is well established. However, there has been little or no effective harnessing of these endogenous cells to promote functional neuronal replacement following neural injury or disease. Neural precursor cells can respond to neural damage by proliferating, migrating to the site of injury, and differentiating into neuronal or glial lineages. However, after a month or so, very few or no newborn neurons can be detected, suggesting that even though neuroblasts are generated, they generally fail to survive as mature neurons and contribute to the local circuitry. Is this lack of survival and integration one of the major bottlenecks that inhibits effective neuronal replacement and subsequent repair of the nervous system following injury or disease? In this perspective article the possibility that this bottleneck can be targeted to enhance the integration and subsequent survival of newborn neurons will be explored and will suggest some possible mechanisms that may need to be modulated for this to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Harleen S Basrai
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberly J Christie
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Gallagher D, Norman A, Woodard C, Yang G, Gauthier-Fisher A, Fujitani M, Vessey J, Cancino G, Sachewsky N, Woltjen K, Fatt M, Morshead C, Kaplan D, Miller F. Transient Maternal IL-6 Mediates Long-Lasting Changes in Neural Stem Cell Pools by Deregulating an Endogenous Self-Renewal Pathway. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:564-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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