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Ahlström S, Reiterä P, Jokela R, Olkkola KT, Kaunisto MA, Kalso E. Influence of Clinical and Genetic Factors on Propofol Dose Requirements: A Genome-wide Association Study. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:300-312. [PMID: 38700459 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a widely used intravenous hypnotic. Dosing is based mostly on weight, with great interindividual variation in consumption. Suggested factors affecting propofol requirements include age, sex, ethnicity, anxiety, alcohol consumption, smoking, and concomitant valproate use. Genetic factors have not been widely explored. METHODS This study considered 1,000 women undergoing breast cancer surgery under propofol and remifentanil anesthesia. Depth of anesthesia was monitored with State Entropy (GE Healthcare, Finland). Propofol requirements during surgery were recorded. DNA from blood was genotyped with a genome-wide array. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the relevance of clinical variables and select those to be used as covariates in a genome-wide association study. Imputed genotype data were used to explore selected loci further. In silico functional annotation was used to explore possible consequences of the discovered genetic variants. Additionally, previously reported genetic associations from candidate gene studies were tested. RESULTS Body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, remifentanil dose (ln[mg · kg-1 · min-1]), and average State Entropy during surgery remained statistically significant in the multivariable model. Two loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). The most significant associations were for single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs997989 (30 kb from ROBO3), likely affecting expression of another nearby gene, FEZ1, and rs9518419, close to NALCN (sodium leak channel); rs10512538 near KCNJ2 encoding the Kir2.1 potassium channel showed suggestive association (P = 4.7 × 10-7). None of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms are coding variants but possibly affect the regulation of nearby genes. None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously reported as affecting propofol pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics showed association in the data. CONCLUSIONS In this first genome-wide association study exploring propofol requirements, This study discovered novel genetic associations suggesting new biologically relevant pathways for propofol and general anesthesia. The roles of the gene products of ROBO3/FEZ1, NALCN, and KCNJ2 in propofol anesthesia warrant further studies. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirkku Ahlström
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Reiterä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Jokela
- HUS Shared Group Services, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus T Olkkola
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; INDIVIDRUG Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari A Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Kola PK, Oraegbuna CS, Lei S. Ionic mechanisms involved in arginine vasopressin-mediated excitation of auditory cortical and thalamic neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 130:103951. [PMID: 38942186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The axons containing arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the hypothalamus innervate a variety of structures including the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. A plethora amount of evidence indicates that activation of the V1a subtype of the vasopressin receptors facilitates anxiety-like and fear responses. As an essential structure involved in fear and anxiety responses, the amygdala, especially the lateral nucleus of amygdala (LA), receives glutamatergic innervations from the auditory cortex and auditory thalamus where high density of V1a receptors have been detected. However, the roles and mechanisms of AVP in these two important areas have not been determined, which prevents the understanding of the mechanisms whereby V1a activation augments anxiety and fear responses. Here, we used coronal brain slices and studied the effects of AVP on neuronal activities of the auditory cortical and thalamic neurons. Our results indicate that activation of V1a receptors excited both auditory cortical and thalamic neurons. In the auditory cortical neurons, AVP increased neuronal excitability by depressing multiple subtypes of inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels including the Kir2 subfamily, the ATP-sensitive K+ channels and the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels, whereas activation of V1a receptors excited the auditory thalamic neurons by depressing the Kir2 subfamily of the Kir channels as well as activating the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and a persistent Na+ channel. Our results may help explain the roles of V1a receptors in facilitating fear and anxiety responses. Categories: Cell Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phani K Kola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, United States of America
| | - Chidiebele S Oraegbuna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, United States of America
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, United States of America.
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Nguyen H, Glaaser IW, Slesinger PA. Direct modulation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1386645. [PMID: 38903913 PMCID: PMC11187414 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a pivotal role in regulating cellular excitability and signal transduction processes. Among the various ion channels, G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels serve as key mediators of neurotransmission and cellular responses to extracellular signals. GIRK channels are members of the larger family of inwardly-rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. Typically, GIRK channels are activated via the direct binding of G-protein βγ subunits upon the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GIRK channel activation requires the presence of the lipid signaling molecule, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). GIRK channels are also modulated by endogenous proteins and other molecules, including RGS proteins, cholesterol, and SNX27 as well as exogenous compounds, such as alcohol. In the last decade or so, several groups have developed novel drugs and small molecules, such as ML297, GAT1508 and GiGA1, that activate GIRK channels in a G-protein independent manner. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview focusing on the direct modulation of GIRK channels by G-proteins, PIP2, cholesterol, and novel modulatory compounds. These studies offer valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of channel function, and have potential implications for both basic research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Remigante A, Spinelli S, Zuccolini P, Gavazzo P, Marino A, Pusch M, Morabito R, Dossena S. Melatonin protects Kir2.1 function in an oxidative stress-related model of aging neuroglia. Biofactors 2024; 50:523-541. [PMID: 38095328 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic biofactor and an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger and, as such, can be protective in oxidative stress-related brain conditions including epilepsy and aging. To test the potential protective effect of melatonin on brain homeostasis and identify the corresponding molecular targets, we established a new model of oxidative stress-related aging neuroglia represented by U-87 MG cells exposed to D-galactose (D-Gal). This model was characterized by a substantial elevation of markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. The function of the inward rectifying K+ channel Kir2.1, which was identified as the main Kir channel endogenously expressed in these cells, was dramatically impaired. Kir2.1 was unlikely a direct target of oxidative stress, but the loss of function resulted from a reduction of protein abundance, with no alterations in transcript levels and trafficking to the cell surface. Importantly, melatonin reverted these changes. All findings, including the melatonin antioxidant effect, were reproduced in heterologous expression systems. We conclude that the glial Kir2.1 can be a target of oxidative stress and further suggest that inhibition of its function might alter the extracellular K+ buffering in the brain, therefore contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis during aging. Melatonin can play a protective role in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Zuccolini
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Gavazzo
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael Pusch
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Li C, Elabi OF, Fieblinger T, Cenci MA. Structural-functional properties of direct-pathway striatal neurons at early and chronic stages of dopamine denervation. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1227-1241. [PMID: 37876330 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The dendritic arbour of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) is the primary anatomical site where dopamine and glutamate inputs to the basal ganglia functionally interact to control movement. These dendritic arbourisations undergo atrophic changes in Parkinson's disease. A reduction in the dendritic complexity of SPNs is found also in animal models with severe striatal dopamine denervation. Using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle as a model, we set out to compare morphological and electrophysiological properties of SPNs at an early versus a chronic stage of dopaminergic degeneration. Ex vivo recordings were performed in transgenic mice where SPNs forming the direct pathway (dSPNs) express a fluorescent reporter protein. At both the time points studied (5 and 28 days following 6-OHDA lesion), there was a complete loss of dopaminergic fibres through the dorsolateral striatum. A reduction in dSPN dendritic complexity and spine density was manifest at 28, but not 5 days post-lesion. At the late time point, dSPN also exhibited a marked increase in intrinsic excitability (reduced rheobase current, increased input resistance, more evoked action potentials in response to depolarising currents), which was not present at 5 days. The increase in neuronal excitability was accompanied by a marked reduction in inward-rectifying potassium (Kir) currents (which dampen the SPN response to depolarising stimuli). Our results show that dSPNs undergo delayed coordinate changes in dendritic morphology, intrinsic excitability and Kir conductance following dopamine denervation. These changes are predicted to interfere with the dSPN capacity to produce a normal movement-related output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Osama F Elabi
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Fieblinger
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Boyle CA, Kola PK, Oraegbuna CS, Lei S. Leptin excites basolateral amygdala principal neurons and reduces food intake by LepRb-JAK2-PI3K-dependent depression of GIRK channels. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31117. [PMID: 37683049 PMCID: PMC10920395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that modulates food intake, energy balance, neuroendocrine status, thermogenesis, and cognition. Whereas a high density of leptin receptors has been detected in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons, the physiological functions of leptin in the BLA have not been determined yet. We found that application of leptin excited BLA principal neurons by activation of the long form leptin receptor, LepRb. The LepRb-elicited excitation of BLA neurons was mediated by depression of the G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were required for leptin-induced excitation of BLA neurons and depression of GIRK channels. Microinjection of leptin into the BLA reduced food intake via activation of LepRb, JAK2, and PI3K. Our results may provide a cellular and molecular mechanism to explain the physiological roles of leptin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Phani K. Kola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Chidiebele S. Oraegbuna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
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Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Tipps ME, Haider B, Souders A, Aguado C, Rose TR, Vo BN, DeBaker MC, Luján R, Wickman K. Ethanol-Induced Suppression of G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K +-Dependent Signaling in the Basal Amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:863-874. [PMID: 37068702 PMCID: PMC10576835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basolateral amygdala (BLA) regulates mood and associative learning and has been linked to the development and persistence of alcohol use disorder. The GABABR (gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor) is a promising therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder, and previous work suggests that exposure to ethanol and other drugs can alter neuronal GABABR-dependent signaling. The effect of ethanol on GABABR-dependent signaling in the BLA is unknown. METHODS GABABR-dependent signaling in the mouse BLA was examined using slice electrophysiology following repeated ethanol exposure. Neuron-specific viral genetic manipulations were then used to understand the relevance of ethanol-induced neuroadaptations in the basal amygdala subregion (BA) to mood-related behavior. RESULTS The somatodendritic inhibitory effect of GABABR activation on principal neurons in the basal but not the lateral subregion of the BLA was diminished following ethanol exposure. This adaptation was attributable to the suppression of GIRK (G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+) channel activity and was mirrored by a redistribution of GABABR and GIRK channels from the surface membrane to internal sites. While GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits are critical for GIRK channel formation in BA principal neurons, GIRK3 is necessary for the ethanol-induced neuroadaptation. Viral suppression of GIRK channel activity in BA principal neurons from ethanol-naïve mice recapitulated some mood-related behaviors observed in C57BL/6J mice during ethanol withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS The ethanol-induced suppression of GIRK-dependent signaling in BA principal neurons contributes to some of the mood-related behaviors associated with ethanol withdrawal in mice. Approaches designed to prevent this neuroadaptation and/or strengthen GIRK-dependent signaling may prove useful for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Tipps
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bushra Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anna Souders
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Departmento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Timothy R Rose
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Baovi N Vo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Margot C DeBaker
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rafael Luján
- Departmento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Abd El-Rahman AA, El-Shafei SMA, Shehab GMG, Mansour L, Abuelsaad ASA, Gad RA. Assessment of Biochemical and Neuroactivities of Cultural Filtrate from Trichoderma harzianum in Adjusting Electrolytes and Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus of Epileptic Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1815. [PMID: 37763219 PMCID: PMC10533195 DOI: 10.3390/life13091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a serious chronic neurological disorder, which is accompanied by recurrent seizures. Repeated seizures cause physical injuries and neuronal dysfunction and may be a risk of cancer and vascular diseases. However, many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have side effects of mood alteration or neurocognitive function, a reduction in neuron excitation, and the inhibition of normal activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum cultural filtrate (ThCF) when adjusting different electrolytes and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. METHODS Cytotoxicity of ThCF against LS-174T cancer cells was assessed using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Quantitative estimation for some neurotransmitters, electrolytes in sera or homogenate of hippocampi tissues, and mRNA gene expression for ion or voltage gates was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Treatment with ThCF reduces the proliferative percentage of LS-174T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. ThCF administration improves hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia in the sera of the epilepticus model. ThCF rebalances the elevated levels of many neurotransmitters and reduces the release of GABA and acetylcholine-esterase. Also, treatments with ThCF ameliorate the downregulation of mRNA gene expression for some gate receptors in hippocampal homogenate tissues and recorded a highly significant elevation in the expression of SCN1A, CACNA1S, and NMDA. CONCLUSION Secondary metabolites of Trichoderma (ThCF) have cytotoxic activity against LS-174T (colorectal cancer cell line) and anxiolytic-like activity through a GABAergic mechanism of action and an increase in GABA as inhibitory amino acid in the selected brain regions and reduced levels of NMDA and DOPA. The present data suggested that ThCF may inhibit intracellular calcium accumulation by triggering the NAADP-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway. Therefore, the present results suggested further studies on the molecular pathway for each metabolite of ThCF, e.g., 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP), harzianic acid (HA), and hydrophobin, as an alternative drug to mitigate the side effects of AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef A. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt;
| | - Sally M. A. El-Shafei
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt;
| | - Gaber M. G. Shehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelaziz S. A. Abuelsaad
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Rania A. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, NAHDA University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
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Boyle CA, Lei S. Neuromedin B excites central lateral amygdala neurons and reduces cardiovascular output and fear-potentiated startle. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1381-1404. [PMID: 37186390 PMCID: PMC10330072 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin B (NMB) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) are the two mammalian analogs in the bombesin peptide family that exert a variety of actions including emotional processing, appetitive behaviors, cognition, and tumor growth. The bombesin-like peptides interact with three receptors: the NMB-preferring bombesin 1 (BB1) receptors, the GRP-preferring bombesin 2 (BB2) receptors and the orphan bombesin 3 (BB3) receptors. Whereas, injection of bombesin into the central amygdala reduces satiety and modulates blood pressure, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been determined. As administration of bombesin induces the expression of Fos in the lateral nucleus of the central amygdala (CeL) which expresses BB1 receptors, we probed the effects of NMB on CeL neurons using in vitro and in vivo approaches. We showed that activation of the BB1 receptors increased action potential firing frequency recorded from CeL neurons via inhibition of the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels. Activities of phospholipase Cβ and protein kinase C were required, whereas intracellular Ca2+ release was unnecessary for BB1 receptor-elicited potentiation of neuronal excitability. Application of NMB directly into the CeA reduced blood pressure and heart rate and significantly reduced fear-potentiated startle. We may provide a cellular and molecular mechanism whereby bombesin-like peptides modulate anxiety and fear responses in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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Spatial Memory Training Counteracts Hippocampal GIRK Channel Decrease in the Transgenic APPSw,Ind J9 Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113444. [PMID: 36362230 PMCID: PMC9659077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are critical determinants of neuronal excitability. They have been proposed as potential targets to restore excitatory/inhibitory balance in acute amyloidosis models, where hyperexcitability is a hallmark. However, the role of GIRK signaling in transgenic mice models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is largely unknown. Here, we study whether progressive amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the hippocampus during aging alters GIRK channel expression in mutant β-amyloid precursor protein (APPSw,Ind J9) transgenic AD mice. Additionally, we examine the impact of spatial memory training in a hippocampal-dependent task, on protein expression of GIRK subunits and Regulator of G-protein signaling 7 (RGS7) in the hippocampus of APPSw,Ind J9 mice. Firstly, we found a reduction in GIRK2 expression (the main neuronal GIRK channels subunit) in the hippocampus of 6-month-old APPSw,Ind J9 mice. Moreover, we found an aging effect on GIRK2 and GIRK3 subunits in both wild type (WT) and APPSw,Ind J9 mice. Finally, when 6-month-old animals were challenged to a spatial memory training, GIRK2 expression in the APPSw,Ind J9 mice were normalized to WT levels. Together, our results support the evidence that GIRK2 could account for the excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission imbalance found in AD models, and training in a cognitive hippocampal dependent task may have therapeutic benefits of reversing this effect and lessen early AD deficits.
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GIRK Channels as Candidate Targets for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102552. [PMID: 36289814 PMCID: PMC9599444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are chronic, lifelong disorders that have serious consequences. Repeated substance use alters brain function. G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are expressed widely in the brain, including the reward system, and regulate neuronal excitability. Functional GIRK channels are identified as heterotetramers of GIRK subunits (GIRK1–4). The GIRK1, GIRK2, and GIRK3 subunits are mainly expressed in rodent brain regions, and various addictive substances act on the brain through GIRK channels. Studies with animals (knockout and missense mutation animals) and humans have demonstrated the involvement of GIRK channels in the effects of addictive substances. Additionally, GIRK channel blockers affect behavioral responses to addictive substances. Thus, GIRK channels play a key role in SUDs, and GIRK channel modulators may be candidate medications. Ifenprodil is a GIRK channel blocker that does not have serious side effects. Two clinical trials were conducted to investigate the effects of ifenprodil in patients with alcohol or methamphetamine use disorder. Although the number of participants was relatively low, evidence of its safety and efficacy was found. The present review discusses the potential of GIRK channel modulators as possible medications for addiction. Therapeutic agents that target GIRK channels may be promising for the treatment of SUDs.
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Boyle CA, Hu B, Quaintance KL, Mastrud MR, Lei S. Ionic signalling mechanisms involved in neurokinin-3 receptor-mediated augmentation of fear-potentiated startle response in the basolateral amygdala. J Physiol 2022; 600:4325-4345. [PMID: 36030507 PMCID: PMC9529888 DOI: 10.1113/jp283433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinin peptides include substance P (SP), neurokinin A and neurokinin B, which interact with three G-protein-coupled neurokinin receptors, NK1Rs, NK2Rs and NK3Rs, respectively. Whereas high densities of NK3Rs have been detected in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the functions of NK3Rs in this brain region have not been determined. We found that activation of NK3Rs by application of the selective agonist, senktide, persistently excited BLA principal neurons. NK3R-elicited excitation of BLA neurons was mediated by activation of a non-selective cation channel and depression of the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels. With selective channel blockers and knockout mice, we further showed that NK3R activation excited BLA neurons by depressing the G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels and activating TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. The effects of NK3Rs required the functions of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), but were independent of intracellular Ca2+ release and protein kinase C. PLCβ-mediated depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate was involved in NK3R-induced excitation of BLA neurons. Microinjection of senktide into the BLA of rats augmented fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and this effect was blocked by prior injection of the selective NK3R antagonist SB 218795, suggesting that activation of NK3Rs in the BLA increased FPS. We further showed that TRPC4/5 and GIRK channels were involved in NK3R-elicited facilitation of FPS. Our results provide a cellular and molecular mechanism whereby NK3R activation excites BLA neurons and enhances FPS. KEY POINTS: Activation of NK3 receptors (NK3Rs) facilitates the excitability of principal neurons in rat basolateral amygdala (BLA). NK3R-induced excitation is mediated by inhibition of GIRK channels and activation of TRPC4/5 channels. Phospholipase Cβ and depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate are necessary for NK3R-mediated excitation of BLA principal neurons. Activation of NK3Rs in the BLA facilitates fear-potentiated startle response. GIRK channels and TRPC4/5 channels are involved in NK3R-mediated augmentation of fear-potentiated startle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Binqi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Kati L. Quaintance
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Morgan R. Mastrud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
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13
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Shan Q, Fang Q, Tian Y. Evidence that GIRK Channels Mediate the DREADD-hM4Di Receptor Activation-Induced Reduction in Membrane Excitability of Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2084-2091. [PMID: 35766981 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hM4Di receptor-based chemogenetic DREADD system has been widely used to suppress neuronal activities, which has contributed substantially to the identification of behavior-associated neuronal circuitries including those in the striatum. One major mechanism by which hM4Di receptor activation suppresses neuronal activity is that the activation reduces membrane excitability, which is thought to be mediated by the opening of GIRK channels. However, previous studies have suggested that GIRK channels are barely expressed in the striatum, which naturally raises the question whether the hM4Di receptor activation-induced reduction in membrane excitability found in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs, which constitute 95-98% of the striatal neuronal population) is truly mediated by the endogenous GIRK channels in such scarcity. This study aims to answer this question by applying a GIRK channel-selective blocker, tertiapin-Q (TPNQ), to striatal MSNs. This study first verified that application of clozapine (CZP), an hM4Di receptor agonist, to MSNs expressing the hM4Di receptors hyperpolarized the cell membrane, and reduced membrane excitability and input resistance. This study next revealed that TPNQ post-treatment completely canceled the above CZP-induced electrophysiological effects and that TPNQ pretreatment mostly prevented further expression of the above CZP-induced electrophysiological effects. In addition, confocal microscopy imaging also revealed significant above-background GIRK1 immunofluorescence signals in striatal MSNs. These data suggest that the TPNQ-sensitive GIRK channels, despite being expressed at low levels, are likely the major mediator downstream of hM4Di receptor activation to reduce membrane excitability in striatal MSNs. These results imply that the notion held by scientists in the field that GIRK channels are absent in the striatum or their expression level is not significant enough to exert any function might be oversimplified or incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shan
- Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Qimeng Fang
- Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yao Tian
- Chern Institute of Mathematics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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14
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Luo H, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Wickman K. Neuronal G protein-gated K + channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C439-C460. [PMID: 35704701 PMCID: PMC9362898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00102.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels exert a critical inhibitory influence on neurons. Neuronal GIRK channels mediate the G protein-dependent, direct/postsynaptic inhibitory effect of many neurotransmitters including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, adenosine, somatostatin, and enkephalin. In addition to their complex regulation by G proteins, neuronal GIRK channel activity is sensitive to PIP2, phosphorylation, regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, intracellular Na+ and Ca2+, and cholesterol. The application of genetic and viral manipulations in rodent models, together with recent progress in the development of GIRK channel modulators, has increased our understanding of the physiological and behavioral impact of neuronal GIRK channels. Work in rodent models has also revealed that neuronal GIRK channel activity is modified, transiently or persistently, by various stimuli including exposure drugs of abuse, changes in neuronal activity patterns, and aversive experience. A growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that dysregulation of GIRK channel activity contributes to neurological diseases and disorders. The primary goals of this review are to highlight fundamental principles of neuronal GIRK channel biology, mechanisms of GIRK channel regulation and plasticity, the nascent landscape of GIRK channel pharmacology, and the potential relevance of GIRK channels to the pathophysiology and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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15
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The effects of ninjin'yoeito on the electrophysiological properties of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta and medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4634-4652. [PMID: 35660668 PMCID: PMC9217710 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) are involved in the regulation of appetite and motivational behaviors. A traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, ninjin'yoeito (NYT), has been reported to improve decreased motivation and anorexia in patients with Alzheimer's disease and apathy-like model mice. Thus, NYT may affect the activities of neurons in the VTA, SNpc and NAc. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of NYT. Here, we investigated the effects of NYT on the electrophysiological properties of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA and SNpc, as well as on those of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc (core and shell subregions), by applying the patch-clamp technique in the brain slices. NYT reduced the resting membrane potential of VTA and SNpc dopaminergic neurons. In contrast, NYT increased the firing frequency of NAc MSNs accompanied by shortened first spike latency and interspike interval. Furthermore, NYT attenuated the inward rectification and sustained outward currents. In conclusion, NYT may directly influence the excitability of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA and SNpc, as well as MSNs in the NAc (core and shell). NYT may modulate dopamine signals in appetite and motivational behaviors.
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16
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Taylor EL, Weaver SR, Lorang IM, Arnold KM, Bradley EW, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Wickman K, Westendorf JJ. GIRK3 deletion facilitates kappa opioid signaling in chondrocytes, delays vascularization and promotes bone lengthening in mice. Bone 2022; 159:116391. [PMID: 35314385 PMCID: PMC9035100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long bones are formed and repaired through the process of endochondral ossification. Activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways is crucial for skeletal development and long bone growth. G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel genes are key functional components and effectors of GPCR signaling pathways in excitable cells of the heart and brain, but their roles in non-excitable cells that directly contribute to endochondral bone formation have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed skeletal phenotypes of Girk2-/-, Girk3-/- and Girk2/3-/- mice. Bones from 12-week-old Girk2-/- mice were normal in length, but femurs and tibiae from Girk3-/- and Girk2/3-/- mice were longer than age-matched controls at 12-weeks-old. Epiphyseal chondrocytes from 5-day-old Girk3-/- mice expressed higher levels of genes involved in collagen chain trimerization and collagen fibril assembly, lower levels of genes encoding VEGF receptors, and produced larger micromasses than wildtype chondrocytes in vitro. Girk3-/- chondrocytes were also more responsive to the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) ligand dynorphin, as evidenced by greater pCREB expression, greater cAMP and GAG production, and upregulation of Col2a1 and Sox9 transcripts. Imaging studies showed that Kdr (Vegfr2) and endomucin expression was dramatically reduced in bones from young Girk3-/- mice, supporting a role for delayed vasculogenesis and extended postnatal endochondral bone growth. Together these data indicate that GIRK3 controls several processes involved in bone lengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earnest L Taylor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, University of North Carolina, NC, United States of America
| | - Samantha R Weaver
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Ian M Lorang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katherine M Arnold
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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17
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Systemic Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Hyperexcitability of Prelimbic Neurons via modulation of Sodium and Potassium Currents. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:128-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Villar-Quiles RN, Sternberg D, Tredez G, Beatriz Romero N, Evangelista T, Lafôret P, Cintas P, Sole G, Sacconi S, Bendahhou S, Franques J, Cances C, Noury JB, Delmont E, Blondy P, Perrin L, Hezode M, Fournier E, Fontaine B, Stojkovic T, Vicart S. Phenotypical variability and atypical presentations in a French cohort of Andersen-Tawil syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2398-2411. [PMID: 35460302 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a skeletal muscle channelopathy caused by KCNJ2 mutations, characterized by a clinical triad of periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias and dysmorphism. The muscle phenotype, particularly the atypical forms with prominent permanent weakness or predominantly painful symptoms, remains incompletely characterized. METHODS A retrospective clinical, histological, electroneuromyography (ENMG) and genetic analysis of molecularly confirmed ATS patients, diagnosed and followed up at neuromuscular reference centers in France, was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-five patients from 27 unrelated families carrying 17 different missense KCNJ2 mutations (four novel mutations) and a heterozygous KCNJ2 duplication are reported. The typical triad was observed in 42.9% of patients. Cardiac abnormalities were observed in 65.7%: 56.5% asymptomatic and 39.1% requiring antiarrhythmic drugs. 71.4% of patients exhibited dysmorphic features. Muscle symptoms were reported in 85.7%, amongst whom 13.3% had no cardiopathy and 33.3% no dysmorphic features. Periodic paralysis was present in 80% and was significantly more frequent in men. Common triggers were exercise, immobility and carbohydrate-rich diet. Ictal serum potassium concentrations were low in 53.6%. Of the 35 patients, 45.7% had permanent weakness affecting proximal muscles, which was mild and stable or slowly progressive over several decades. Four patients presented with exercise-induced pain and myalgia attacks. Diagnostic delay was 14.4 ± 9.5 years. ENMG long-exercise test performed in 25 patients (71.4%) showed in all a decremental response up to 40%. Muscle biopsy performed in 12 patients revealed tubular aggregates in six patients (associated in two of them with vacuolar lesions), dystrophic features in one patient and non-specific myopathic features in one patient; it was normal in four patients. DISCUSSION Recognition of atypical features (exercise-induced pain or myalgia and permanent weakness) along with any of the elements of the triad should arouse suspicion. The ENMG long-exercise test has a high diagnostic yield and should be performed. Early diagnosis is of utmost importance to improve disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Nur Villar-Quiles
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Institute of Myology, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Sorbonne Université - INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Damien Sternberg
- Reference Center for Muscle Channelopathies, Service de Biochimie et Centre de Génétique, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Tredez
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Norma Beatriz Romero
- Institute of Myology, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Sorbonne Université - INSERM, Paris, France.,Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Institute of Myology, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Sorbonne Université - INSERM, Paris, France.,Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Lafôret
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Cintas
- Neurology Department, Pierre-Paul Riquet Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pellegrin Hospital CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS Specialized Center, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Said Bendahhou
- UMR7370 CNRS, LP2M, Labex ICST, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jérôme Franques
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Cances
- AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbe) Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Neuropediatric Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - J B Noury
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Center, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Emilien Delmont
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Blondy
- Reference Center for Muscle Channelopathies, Service de Biochimie et Centre de Génétique, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Pediatrics Department, APHP, Robert-Débré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Hezode
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Fournier
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Institute of Myology, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Sorbonne Université - INSERM, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Muscle Channelopathies, APHP, Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Institute of Myology, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Sorbonne Université - INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Savine Vicart
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Muscle Channelopathies, APHP, Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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19
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Kotajima‐Murakami H, Takano A, Hirakawa S, Ogai Y, Funada D, Tanibuchi Y, Ban E, Kikuchi M, Tachimori H, Maruo K, Kawashima T, Tomo Y, Sasaki T, Oi H, Matsumoto T, Ikeda K. Ifenprodil for the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder: An exploratory, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:92-104. [PMID: 35068087 PMCID: PMC8919120 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim No effective pharmacological interventions have been developed for patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Ifenprodil is a blocker of G protein‐activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels, which play a key role in the mechanism of action of addictive substances. We conducted a randomized, double‑blind, exploratory, dose‐ranging, placebo‐controlled trial to examine the clinical efficacy of ifenprodil for the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder. Methods Participants were assigned to three groups: placebo, 60 mg/d ifenprodil, or 120 mg/d ifenprodil. The drug administration period was 84 days. The primary outcome was the use or nonuse of methamphetamine during the drug administration period in the placebo group vs 120 mg/d ifenprodil group. We also assessed drug use status, relapse risk based on the Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (SRRS), drug craving, and methamphetamine in urine as secondary outcomes. We further evaluated drug use status and SRRS subscale scores in patients who were not taking addiction medications during the study. Results Ifenprodil did not affect the primary or secondary outcomes. However, the additional analyses showed that the number of days of methamphetamine use during the follow‐up period and scores on the emotionality problems subscale of the SRRS improved in the 120 mg/d ifenprodil group. The safety of ifenprodil was confirmed in patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Conclusion The present findings did not confirm the efficacy of ifenprodil for methamphetamine use disorder treatment based on the primary or secondary outcomes, but we found evidence of its safety and efficacy in reducing emotionality problems. Clinical trial registration The study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (no. UMIN000030849) and Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (no. jRCTs031180080). The main registration site is jRCT (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/). We conducted an exploratory, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial to investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of ifenprodil for the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder in Japanese patients. Our findings confirmed the safety of ifenprodil, and ifenprodil at the highest dose exerted slight efficacy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kotajima‐Murakami
- Addictive Substance Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Ayumi Takano
- Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinya Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Data Science Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasukazu Ogai
- Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Daisuke Funada
- Department of Psychiatry National Centre Hospital National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuko Tanibuchi
- Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
- Department of Psychiatry Chiba Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Eriko Ban
- Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Minako Kikuchi
- Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Clinical Data Science Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Data Science Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Yui Tomo
- Department of Clinical Data Science Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sasaki
- Department of Child Psychiatry Chiba‐University Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Hideki Oi
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion Translational Medical Centre National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan
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20
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Wang H, Haas JS. GABA BR Modulation of Electrical Synapses and Plasticity in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212138. [PMID: 34830020 PMCID: PMC8621091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct types of neuronal activity result in long-term depression (LTD) of electrical synapses, with overlapping biochemical intracellular signaling pathways that link activity to synaptic strength, in electrically coupled neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Because components of both signaling pathways can also be modulated by GABAB receptor activity, here we examined the impact of GABAB receptor activation on the two established inductors of LTD in electrical synapses. Recording from patched pairs of coupled rat neurons in vitro, we show that GABAB receptor inactivation itself induces a modest depression of electrical synapses and occludes LTD induction by either paired bursting or metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation. GABAB activation also occludes LTD from either paired bursting or mGluR activation. Together, these results indicate that afferent sources of GABA, such as those from the forebrain or substantia nigra to the reticular nucleus, gate the induction of LTD from either neuronal activity or afferent glutamatergic receptor activation. These results add to a growing body of evidence that the regulation of thalamocortical transmission and sensory attention by TRN is modulated and controlled by other brain regions. Significance: We show that electrical synapse plasticity is gated by GABAB receptors in the thalamic reticular nucleus. This effect is a novel way for afferent GABAergic input from the basal ganglia to modulate thalamocortical relay and is a possible mediator of intra-TRN inhibitory effects.
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21
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Alfaro-Ruiz R, Martín-Belmonte A, Aguado C, Hernández F, Moreno-Martínez AE, Ávila J, Luján R. The Expression and Localisation of G-Protein-Coupled Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (GIRK) Channels Is Differentially Altered in the Hippocampus of Two Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011106. [PMID: 34681766 PMCID: PMC8541655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels are the main targets controlling excitability and synaptic plasticity on hippocampal neurons. Consequently, dysfunction of GIRK-mediated signalling has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Here, we provide a quantitative description on the expression and localisation patterns of GIRK2 in two transgenic mice models of AD (P301S and APP/PS1 mice), combining histoblots and immunoelectron microscopic approaches. The histoblot technique revealed differences in the expression of GIRK2 in the two transgenic mice models. The expression of GIRK2 was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of P301S mice in a laminar-specific manner at 10 months of age but was unaltered in APP/PS1 mice at 12 months compared to age-matched wild type mice. Ultrastructural approaches using the pre-embedding immunogold technique, demonstrated that the subcellular localisation of GIRK2 was significantly reduced along the neuronal surface of CA1 pyramidal cells, but increased in its frequency at cytoplasmic sites, in both P301S and APP/PS1 mice. We also found a decrease in plasma membrane GIRK2 channels in axon terminals contacting dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells in P301S and APP/PS1 mice. These data demonstrate for the first time a redistribution of GIRK channels from the plasma membrane to intracellular sites in different compartments of CA1 pyramidal cells. Altogether, the pre- and post-synaptic reduction of GIRK2 channels suggest that GIRK-mediated alteration of the excitability in pyramidal cells could contribute to the cognitive dysfunctions as described in the two AD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (A.M.-B.); (C.A.); (A.E.M.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Martín-Belmonte
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (A.M.-B.); (C.A.); (A.E.M.-M.)
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (A.M.-B.); (C.A.); (A.E.M.-M.)
| | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.H.); (J.Á.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (A.M.-B.); (C.A.); (A.E.M.-M.)
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.H.); (J.Á.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (A.M.-B.); (C.A.); (A.E.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-967-599200 (ext. 2196)
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22
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van Zessen R, Li Y, Marion-Poll L, Hulo N, Flakowski J, Lüscher C. Dynamic dichotomy of accumbal population activity underlies cocaine sensitization. eLife 2021; 10:e66048. [PMID: 34608866 PMCID: PMC8523149 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotor sensitization (LS) is an early behavioral adaptation to addictive drugs, driven by the increase of dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc). However, the effect on accumbal population activity remains elusive. Here, we used single-cell calcium imaging in mice to record the activity of dopamine-1-receptor (D1R) and dopamine-2-receptor (D2R) expressing spiny projection neurons (SPNs) during cocaine LS. Acute exposure to cocaine elevated D1R SPN activity and reduced D2R SPN activity, albeit with high variability between neurons. During LS, the number of D1R and D2R neurons responding in opposite directions increased. Moreover, preventing LS by inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway decreased the number of cocaine responsive D1R SPNs, but had little effect on D2R SPNs. These results indicate that accumbal population dichotomy is dynamic and contains a subgroup of D1R SPNs that eventually drives LS. Insights into the drug-related activity dynamics provides a foundation for understanding the circuit-level addiction pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud van Zessen
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Lucile Marion-Poll
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (IGE3), University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jérôme Flakowski
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Christian Lüscher
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Clinic of Neurology, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University HospitalGenevaSwitzerland
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23
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Lippiello P, Hoxha E, Tempia F, Miniaci MC. GIRK1-Mediated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Current Is a Candidate Mechanism Behind Purkinje Cell Excitability, Plasticity, and Neuromodulation. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:751-761. [PMID: 32617840 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels contribute to the resting membrane potential of many neurons and play an important role in controlling neuronal excitability. Although previous studies have revealed a high expression of GIRK subunits in the cerebellum, their functional role has never been clearly described. Using patch-clamp recordings in mice cerebellar slices, we examined the properties of the GIRK currents in Purkinje cells (PCs) and investigated the effects of a selective agonist of GIRK1-containing channels, ML297 (ML), on PC firing and synaptic plasticity. We demonstrated that GIRK channel activation decreases the PC excitability by inhibiting both sodium and calcium spikes and, in addition, modulates the complex spike response evoked by climbing fiber stimulation. Our results indicate that GIRK channels have also a marked effect on synaptic plasticity of the parallel fiber-PC synapse, as the application of ML297 increased the expression of LTP while preventing LTD. We, therefore, propose that the recruitment of GIRK channels represents a crucial mechanism by which neuromodulators can control synaptic strength and membrane conductance for proper refinement of the neural network involved in memory storage and higher cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Lippiello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy. .,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Concetta Miniaci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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24
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Krentzel AA, Kimble LC, Dorris DM, Horman BM, Meitzen J, Patisaul HB. FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) exposure during the perinatal period impacts partner preference behavior and nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neuron electrophysiology in adult male and female prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster. Horm Behav 2021; 134:105019. [PMID: 34182292 PMCID: PMC8403633 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used flame retardant (FR) mixtures in household products is Firemaster 550 (FM 550). FM 550 leaches from items such as foam-based furniture and infant products, resulting in contamination of the household environment and biota. Previous studies indicate sex-specific behavioral deficits in rodents and zebrafish in response to developmental FM 550 exposure. These deficits include impacts on social and attachment behaviors in a prosocial rodent: the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). The prairie vole is a laboratory-acclimated rodent that exhibits spontaneous attachment behaviors including pair bonding. Here we extend previous work by addressing how developmental exposure to FM 550 impacts pair bonding strength via an extended-time partner preference test, as well as neuron electrophysiological properties in a region implicated in pair bond behavior, the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) core. Dams were exposed to vehicle or 1000 μg of FM 550 via subcutaneous injections throughout gestation, and female and male pups were directly exposed beginning the day after birth until weaning. Pair bond behavior of adult female and male offspring was assessed using a three hour-long partner preference test. Afterwards, acute brain slices of the NAcc core were produced and medium spiny neuron electrophysiological attributes recorded via whole cell patch-clamp. Behavioral impacts were sex-specific. Partner preference behavior was increased in exposed females but decreased in exposed males. Electrophysiological impacts were similar between sexes and specific to attributes related to input resistance. Input resistance was decreased in neurons recorded from both sexes exposed to FM 550 compared to vehicle. This study supports the hypothesis that developmental exposure to FM 550 impacts attachment behaviors and demonstrates a novel FM 550 effect on neural electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Krentzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Laney C Kimble
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David M Dorris
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John Meitzen
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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25
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Identification of a G-Protein-Independent Activator of GIRK Channels. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107770. [PMID: 32553165 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels are essential effectors of inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. GIRK channels have been implicated in diseases with abnormal neuronal excitability, including epilepsy and addiction. GIRK channels are tetramers composed of either the same subunit (e.g., homotetramers) or different subunits (e.g., heterotetramers). Compounds that specifically target subsets of GIRK channels in vivo are lacking. Previous studies have shown that alcohol directly activates GIRK channels through a hydrophobic pocket located in the cytoplasmic domain of the channel. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a GIRK1-selective activator, termed GiGA1, that targets the alcohol pocket. GiGA1 activates GIRK1/GIRK2 both in vitro and in vivo and, in turn, mitigates the effects of a convulsant in an acute epilepsy mouse model. These results shed light on the structure-based development of subunit-specific GIRK modulators that could provide potential treatments for brain disorders.
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26
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Cheng P, Qiu Z, Du Y. Potassium channels and autism spectrum disorder: An overview. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:479-491. [PMID: 34008235 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities. It had been demonstrated that potassium channels played a key role in regulating neuronal excitability, which was closely associated with neurological diseases including epilepsy, ataxia, myoclonus, and psychiatric disorders. In recent years, a growing body of evidence from whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing had identified several ASD susceptibility genes of potassium channels in ASD subjects. Genetically dysfunction of potassium channels may be involved in altered neuronal excitability and abnormal brain function in the pathogenesis of ASD. This review summarizes current findings on the features of ASD-risk genes (KCND2, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNH5, KCNJ2, KCNJ10, and KCNMA1) and further expatiate their potential role in the pathogenicity of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Lei S, Hu B, Rezagholizadeh N. Activation of V 1a vasopressin receptors excite subicular pyramidal neurons by activating TRPV1 and depressing GIRK channels. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108565. [PMID: 33891950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a nonapeptide that serves as a neuromodulator in the brain and a hormone in the periphery that regulates water homeostasis and vasoconstriction. The subiculum is the major output region of the hippocampus and an integral component in the networks that processes sensory and motor cues to form a cognitive map encoding spatial, contextual, and emotional information. Whereas the subiculum expresses high densities of AVP-binding sites and AVP has been shown to increase the synaptic excitability of subicular pyramidal neurons, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been determined. We found that activation of V1a receptors increased the excitability of subicular pyramidal neurons via activation of TRPV1 channels and depression of the GIRK channels. V1a receptor-induced excitation of subicular pyramidal neurons required the function of phospholipase Cβ, but was independent of intracellular Ca2+ release. Protein kinase C was responsible for AVP-mediated depression of GIRK channels, whereas degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate was involved in V1a receptor-elicited activation of TRPV1 channels. Our results may provide one of the cellular and molecular mechanisms to explain the physiological functions of AVP in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - Binqi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Neda Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
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28
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Anderson EM, Demis S, D’Acquisto H, Engelhardt A, Hearing M. The Role of Parvalbumin Interneuron GIRK Signaling in the Regulation of Affect and Cognition in Male and Female Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:621751. [PMID: 33841107 PMCID: PMC8032990 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.621751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological impairments in the regulation of affect (i.e., emotion) and flexible decision-making are commonly observed across numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and are thought to reflect dysfunction of cortical and subcortical circuits that arise in part from imbalances in excitation and inhibition within these structures. Disruptions in GABA transmission, in particular, that from parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVI), has been highlighted as a likely mechanism by which this imbalance arises, as they regulate excitation and synchronization of principle output neurons. G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium ion (GIRK/Kir3) channels are known to modulate excitability and output of pyramidal neurons in areas like the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; however, the role GIRK plays in PVI excitability and behavior is unknown. Male and female mice lacking GIRK1 in PVI (Girk1flox/flox:PVcre) and expressing td-tomato in PVI (Girk1flox/flox:PVCre:PVtdtom) exhibited increased open arm time in the elevated plus-maze, while males showed an increase in immobile episodes during the forced swim test (FST). Loss of GIRK1 did not alter motivated behavior for an appetitive reward or impair overall performance in an operant-based attention set-shifting model of cognitive flexibility; however it did alter types of errors committed during the visual cue test. Unexpectedly, baseline sex differences were also identified in these tasks, with females exhibiting overall poorer performance compared to males and distinct types of errors, highlighting potential differences in task-related problem-solving. Interestingly, reductions in PVI GIRK signaling did not correspond to changes in membrane excitability but did increase action potential (AP) firing at higher current injections in PVI of males, but not females. This is the first investigation on the role that PVI GIRK-signaling has on membrane excitability, AP firing, and their role on affect and cognition together increasing the understanding of PVI cellular mechanisms and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Hearing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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29
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Harris SS, Urs NM. Targeting β-Arrestins in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:253-264. [PMID: 33651366 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for psychiatric and neurological disorders have been in the development and refinement process for the past 5 decades. Yet, most of these therapies lack optimal therapeutic efficacy and have multiple debilitating side effects. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiological processes of psychiatric and neurological disorders have revealed an important role for β-arrestins, which are important regulators of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function, including desensitization and intracellular signaling. These findings have pushed β-arrestins to the forefront as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight current knowledge on β-arrestin functions in certain psychiatric and neurological disorders (schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and substance abuse disorders), and how this has been leveraged to develop new therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the obstacles impacting the field of β-arrestin-based therapeutic development and future approaches that might help advance strategies to develop optimal β-arrestin-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharonda S Harris
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Dr, ARB-R5-140, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nikhil M Urs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Dr, ARB-R5-140, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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30
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Paz RM, Tubert C, Stahl AM, Amarillo Y, Rela L, Murer MG. Levodopa Causes Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Burst-Pause Activity in Parkinsonian Mice. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1578-1591. [PMID: 33547844 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced striatal cholinergic interneuron activity contributes to the striatal hypercholinergic state in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to levodopa-induced dyskinesia. In severe PD, dyskinesia and motor fluctuations become seriously debilitating, and the therapeutic strategies become scarce. Given that the systemic administration of anticholinergics can exacerbate extrastriatal-related symptoms, targeting cholinergic interneurons is a promising therapeutic alternative. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms causing pathological cholinergic interneuron activity in severe PD with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia may provide new molecular therapeutic targets. METHODS We used ex vivo electrophysiological recordings combined with pharmacological and morphological studies to investigate the intrinsic alterations of cholinergic interneurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of PD treated with levodopa. RESULTS Cholinergic interneurons exhibit pathological burst-pause activity in the parkinsonian "off levodopa" state. This is mediated by a persistent ligand-independent activity of dopamine D1/D5 receptor signaling, involving a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. Dysregulation of membrane ion channels that results in increased inward-rectifier potassium type 2 (Kir2) and decreased leak currents causes the burst pause activity, which can be dampened by pharmacological inhibition of intracellular cAMP. A single challenge with a dyskinetogenic dose of levodopa is sufficient to induce persistent cholinergic interneuron burst-pause firing. CONCLUSION Our data unravel a mechanism causing aberrant cholinergic interneuron burst-pause activity in parkinsonian mice treated with levodopa. Targeting D5-cAMP signaling and the regulation of Kir2 and leak channels may alleviate parkinsonism and dyskinesia by restoring normal cholinergic interneuron function. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Manuel Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Tubert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Agostina Monica Stahl
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Yimy Amarillo
- Departamento de Física Médica, Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, CONICET, 9500 Ezequiel Bustillo Avenue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, 8402, Argentina
| | - Lorena Rela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - Mario Gustavo Murer
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, 2155 Paraguay Street, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
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31
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Therapeutic potential of targeting G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in the central nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107808. [PMID: 33476640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir3/GirK) are important for maintaining resting membrane potential, cell excitability and inhibitory neurotransmission. Coupled to numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they mediate the effects of many neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones contributing to the general homeostasis and particular synaptic plasticity processes, learning, memory and pain signaling. A growing number of behavioral and genetic studies suggest a critical role for the appropriate functioning of the central nervous system, as well as their involvement in many neurologic and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholism and drug addiction. Hence, GirK channels emerge as a very promising tool to be targeted in the current scenario where these conditions already are or will become a global public health problem. This review examines recent findings on the physiology, function, dysfunction, and pharmacology of GirK channels in the central nervous system and highlights the relevance of GirK channels as a worthful potential target to improve therapies for related diseases.
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32
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FOXP1 negatively regulates intrinsic excitability in D2 striatal projection neurons by promoting inwardly rectifying and leak potassium currents. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1761-1774. [PMID: 33402705 PMCID: PMC8255328 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the transcription factor FOXP1 are strongly associated with autism. Dopamine receptor 2 expressing (D2) striatal projection neurons (SPNs) in heterozygous Foxp1 (Foxp1+/-) mice have higher intrinsic excitability. To understand the mechanisms underlying this alteration, we examined SPNs with cell-type specific homozygous Foxp1 deletion to study cell-autonomous regulation by Foxp1. As in Foxp1+/- mice, D2 SPNs had increased intrinsic excitability with homozygous Foxp1 deletion. This effect involved postnatal mechanisms. The hyperexcitability was mainly due to down-regulation of two classes of potassium currents: inwardly rectifying (KIR) and leak (KLeak). Single-cell RNA sequencing data from D2 SPNs with Foxp1 deletion indicated the down-regulation of transcripts of candidate ion channels that may underlie these currents: Kcnj2 and Kcnj4 for KIR and Kcnk2 for KLeak. This Foxp1-dependent regulation was neuron-type specific since these same currents and transcripts were either unchanged, or very little changed, in D1 SPNs with cell-specific Foxp1 deletion. Our data are consistent with a model where FOXP1 negatively regulates the excitability of D2 SPNs through KIR and KLeak by transcriptionally activating their corresponding transcripts. This, in turn, provides a novel example of how a transcription factor may regulate multiple genes to impact neuronal electrophysiological function that depends on the integration of multiple current types - and do this in a cell-specific fashion. Our findings provide initial clues to altered neuronal function and possible therapeutic strategies not only for FOXP1-associated autism but also for other autism forms associated with transcription factor dysfunction.
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33
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Saito T, Yamashita Y, Tomoda A, Okada T, Umeuchi H, Iwamori S, Shinoda S, Mizuno-Yasuhira A, Urano H, Nishino I, Saito K. Using the drug repositioning approach to develop a novel therapy, tipepidine hibenzate sustained-release tablet (TS-141), for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:530. [PMID: 33167920 PMCID: PMC7653993 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asverin® (tipepidine hibenzate) has been used as an antitussive for > 50 years in Japan. Studies revealed that tipepidine modulates monoamine levels, by inhibiting G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, expecting the potential therapeutic effects of tipepidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in recent years. In this study, TS-141, a sustained-release tablet of tipepidine, was developed for the treatment of ADHD through a drug repositioning approach. METHODS The sustained-release profile of TS-141 in healthy adults was investigated, and tipepidine exposure in the plasma after the TS-141 administration was compared to that of Asverin in the phase I study. Phase II study was conducted to examine the effects of TS-141 30 (once a day), 60 (once a day), 120 mg (60 mg twice a day), or placebo, that is within the exposure in the maximum dosage of Asverin, in children and adolescents with ADHD, and was designed as an 8-week treatment, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruiting 6-17-year-old children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. A total of 216 patients were randomized according to the CYP2D6 phenotype. The primary end-point was ADHD Rating Scale IV-J changes. Furthermore, effects of CYP2D6 phenotype on the efficacy in the subgroup analysis were investigated. RESULTS TS-141 had the sustained-release profile, and the CYP2D6 phenotype had effects on the plasma exposure of tipepidine. ADHD RS-IV-J scores in all TS-141 dosages decreased from their baseline scores; however, no significant difference was observed in ADHD RS-IV-J score changes between the placebo and TS-141-administered groups. In patients with intermediate metabolizer CYP2D6, ADHD RS-IV-J score changes in the 120 mg group tended to be larger than that in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS ADHD RS-IV-J changes on TS-141 may depend on the interaction between the TS-141 dose and CYP2D6 phenotype, suggesting that further clinical trials should be conducted with careful consideration of polymorphism. Drug repositioning approach of TS-141 was attempted at the same dose as that of antitussive; however, dose setting according to the indication was necessary. TRIAL REGISTRATION Phase I study: JapicCTI-205235 (Registered 25 March 2020), Phase II study: JapicCTI-163244 (Registered 9 May 2016), https://www.clinicaltrials.jp/cti-user/trial/Show.jsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Saito
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- grid.410781.b0000 0001 0706 0776Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akemi Tomoda
- grid.163577.10000 0001 0692 8246Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- grid.416859.70000 0000 9832 2227Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideo Umeuchi
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Shinoda
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Urano
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishino
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Saito
- Aiiku Counselling Office, Aiiku Research Institute, Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-Kai, Tokyo, Japan
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Niu Y, Tao X, Touhara KK, MacKinnon R. Cryo-EM analysis of PIP 2 regulation in mammalian GIRK channels. eLife 2020; 9:e60552. [PMID: 32844743 PMCID: PMC7556866 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-gated inward rectifier potassium (GIRK) channels are regulated by G proteins and PIP2. Here, using cryo-EM single particle analysis we describe the equilibrium ensemble of structures of neuronal GIRK2 as a function of the C8-PIP2 concentration. We find that PIP2 shifts the equilibrium between two distinguishable structures of neuronal GIRK (GIRK2), extended and docked, towards the docked form. In the docked form the cytoplasmic domain, to which Gβγ binds, becomes accessible to the cytoplasmic membrane surface where Gβγ resides. Furthermore, PIP2 binding reshapes the Gβγ binding surface on the cytoplasmic domain, preparing it to receive Gβγ. We find that cardiac GIRK (GIRK1/4) can also exist in both extended and docked conformations. These findings lead us to conclude that PIP2 influences GIRK channels in a structurally similar manner to Kir2.2 channels. In Kir2.2 channels, the PIP2-induced conformational changes open the pore. In GIRK channels, they prepare the channel for activation by Gβγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiao Tao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kouki K Touhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Roderick MacKinnon
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNew YorkUnited States
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Mechanisms and Regulation of Neuronal GABA B Receptor-Dependent Signaling. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 52:39-79. [PMID: 32808092 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABRs) are broadly expressed throughout the central nervous system where they play an important role in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. GABABRs are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate slow and sustained inhibitory actions via modulation of several downstream effector enzymes and ion channels. GABABRs are obligate heterodimers that associate with diverse arrays of proteins to form modular complexes that carry out distinct physiological functions. GABABR-dependent signaling is fine-tuned and regulated through a multitude of mechanisms that are relevant to physiological and pathophysiological states. This review summarizes the current knowledge on GABABR signal transduction and discusses key factors that influence the strength and sensitivity of GABABR-dependent signaling in neurons.
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Xu Y, Cantwell L, Molosh AI, Plant LD, Gazgalis D, Fitz SD, Dustrude ET, Yang Y, Kawano T, Garai S, Noujaim SF, Shekhar A, Logothetis DE, Thakur GA. The small molecule GAT1508 activates brain-specific GIRK1/2 channel heteromers and facilitates conditioned fear extinction in rodents. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3614-3634. [PMID: 31953327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-gated inwardly-rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels are targets of Gi/o-protein-signaling systems that inhibit cell excitability. GIRK channels exist as homotetramers (GIRK2 and GIRK4) or heterotetramers with nonfunctional homomeric subunits (GIRK1 and GIRK3). Although they have been implicated in multiple conditions, the lack of selective GIRK drugs that discriminate among the different GIRK channel subtypes has hampered investigations into their precise physiological relevance and therapeutic potential. Here, we report on a highly-specific, potent, and efficacious activator of brain GIRK1/2 channels. Using a chemical screen and electrophysiological assays, we found that this activator, the bromothiophene-substituted small molecule GAT1508, is specific for brain-expressed GIRK1/2 channels rather than for cardiac GIRK1/4 channels. Computational models predicted a GAT1508-binding site validated by experimental mutagenesis experiments, providing insights into how urea-based compounds engage distant GIRK1 residues required for channel activation. Furthermore, we provide computational and experimental evidence that GAT1508 is an allosteric modulator of channel-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate interactions. Through brain-slice electrophysiology, we show that subthreshold GAT1508 concentrations directly stimulate GIRK currents in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and potentiate baclofen-induced currents. Of note, GAT1508 effectively extinguished conditioned fear in rodents and lacked cardiac and behavioral side effects, suggesting its potential for use in pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. In summary, our findings indicate that the small molecule GAT1508 has high specificity for brain GIRK1/2 channel subunits, directly or allosterically activates GIRK1/2 channels in the BLA, and facilitates fear extinction in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Lucas Cantwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Andrei I Molosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Leigh D Plant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stephanie D Fitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Erik T Dustrude
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Takeharu Kawano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sumanta Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sami F Noujaim
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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Lieberman OJ, Frier MD, McGuirt AF, Griffey CJ, Rafikian E, Yang M, Yamamoto A, Borgkvist A, Santini E, Sulzer D. Cell-type-specific regulation of neuronal intrinsic excitability by macroautophagy. eLife 2020; 9:e50843. [PMID: 31913125 PMCID: PMC6984822 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that contribute to action selection and reinforcement learning. The principal neurons of the striatum, spiny projection neurons of the direct (dSPN) and indirect (iSPN) pathways, maintain low intrinsic excitability, requiring convergent excitatory inputs to fire. Here, we examined the role of autophagy in mouse SPN physiology and animal behavior by generating conditional knockouts of Atg7 in either dSPNs or iSPNs. Loss of autophagy in either SPN population led to changes in motor learning but distinct effects on cellular physiology. dSPNs, but not iSPNs, required autophagy for normal dendritic structure and synaptic input. In contrast, iSPNs, but not dSPNs, were intrinsically hyperexcitable due to reduced function of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir2. These findings define a novel mechanism by which autophagy regulates neuronal activity: control of intrinsic excitability via the regulation of potassium channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori J Lieberman
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - Micah D Frier
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - Avery F McGuirt
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - Christopher J Griffey
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Rafikian
- Mouse NeuroBehavior Core, Institute for Genomic MedicineColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - Mu Yang
- Mouse NeuroBehavior Core, Institute for Genomic MedicineColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | | | | | - David Sulzer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
- Department of PharmacologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Molecular TherapeuticsNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkUnited States
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Kotajima-Murakami H, Ikeda K. [Clinical study of GIRK channel inhibitors as candidate medicines for drug dependence]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:130-134. [PMID: 32378628 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, topics related to substance dependence and behavioral addiction have been reported through the media. Therapeutic treatment for substance dependence and behavioral addiction is one of the challenges in a clinical practice. This is because there is no therapeutic treatment for a complete cure, and reuses and repetitive hospitalization occur in patients. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop new treatments for substance dependence and behavioral addiction. In the present review, we outline associations between dependence and G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels which we focus on as therapeutic targets, and introduce ongoing clinical study using an inhibitor of GIRK channels. Previous studies including animals and patients have accumulated the results that GIRK channels have a key role for mediating signals from addictive substances. GIRK channels are expressed in various rodent brain regions including the reward system. The activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that activates GIRK channels through G-protein βγ subunits and activated GIRK channels contribute to control of neuronal excitability. Pretreatment with ifenprodil that is one of the GIRK channel blockers suppressed addictive substance-induced behaviors in animals. Ifenprodil is safe and broadly used as a cerebral circulation/metabolism ameliorator that is covered by medical insurance in Japan. The authors reported that ifenprodil treatment for 3 months decreased alcohol use scores in patients with alcohol dependence compared with patients who received the control medication. We currently conduct a clinical trial to investigate the outcomes of ifenprodil treatment for methamphetamine dependence. In the future, we will expand clinical studies using ifenprodil for patients with other substance dependence and behavioral addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
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Jorwal P, Sikdar SK. Lactate reduces epileptiform activity through HCA1 and GIRK channel activation in rat subicular neurons in an in vitro model. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2370-2385. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jorwal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
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Kollert S, Döring F, Gergs U, Wischmeyer E. Chloroform is a potent activator of cardiac and neuronal Kir3 channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:573-580. [PMID: 31720798 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chloroform has been used over decades in anesthesia before it was replaced by other volatile anesthetics like halothane or sevoflurane. Some of the reasons were inadmissible side effects of chloroform like bradycardia or neural illness. In the present study, we identified members of the G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel family (Kir3) expressed in Xenopus oocytes as potential common molecular targets for both the neural and cardiac effects of chloroform. Millimolar concentration currents representing a 1:10000 dilution of commercially available chloroform were used in laboratories that augment neuronal Kir3.1/3.2 currents as well as cardiac Kir3.1/3.4. This effect was selective and only observed in currents from Kir3 subunits but not in currents from Kir2 subunits. Augmentation of atrial Kir3.1/3.4 currents leads to an effective drop of the heart rate and a reduction in contraction force in isolated mouse atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kollert
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Physiology, AG Molecular Electrophysiology, University of Würzburg and Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Physiology, AG Molecular Electrophysiology, University of Würzburg and Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Erhard Wischmeyer
- Institute of Physiology, AG Molecular Electrophysiology, University of Würzburg and Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Dehbozorghi S, Bagheri S, Moradi K, Shokraee K, Mohammadi MR, Akhondzadeh S. Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:690-696. [PMID: 31294924 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tipepidine as an add-on to methylphenidate in the drug treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS This study was an 8-week, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruiting 53 ADHD-diagnosed children. Patients were randomly divided to receive methylphenidate + tipepidine or methylphenidate + placebo for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed using the parent version of ADHD Rating Scale-IV and the Clinical Global Impression scale at baseline, at week 4, and at the end of the trial. Moreover, the safety and tolerability of the treatment strategies were compared. RESULTS On general linear model repeated measures analysis a significant effect was seen for time × treatment interaction on the total and hyperactivity-impulsivity subscales of the Parent ADHD Rating Scale-IV during the trial period (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 3.45, d.f. = 1.52, P = 0.049, and F = 5.17, d.f. = 1.52, P = 0.014, respectively). The effect for time × treatment interaction, however, was not significant on Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 1.79, d.f. = 1.43, P = 0.182). The frequencies of adverse events were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION Eight weeks of treatment with tipepidine, as a supplementary medication, resulted in satisfactory efficacy and safety of the adjuvant therapy in management of patients with ADHD. Rigorous investigations, however, involving larger sample sizes, more extended treatment periods, and dose responses should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dehbozorghi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayna Bagheri
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Moradi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Shokraee
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Thorsdottir D, Cruickshank NC, Einwag Z, Hennig GW, Erdos B. BDNF downregulates β-adrenergic receptor-mediated hypotensive mechanisms in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1258-H1271. [PMID: 31603352 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00478.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is upregulated in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in response to hypertensive stimuli such as stress and hyperosmolality, and BDNF acting in the PVN plays a key role in elevating sympathetic activity and blood pressure. However, downstream mechanisms mediating these effects remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that BDNF increases blood pressure, in part by diminishing inhibitory hypotensive input from nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) catecholaminergic neurons projecting to the PVN. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral PVN injections of viral vectors expressing either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or BDNF and bilateral NTS injections of vehicle or anti-dopamine-β-hydroxylase-conjugated saporin (DSAP), a neurotoxin that selectively lesions noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons. BDNF overexpression in the PVN without NTS lesioning significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in awake animals by 18.7 ± 1.8 mmHg. DSAP treatment also increased MAP in the GFP group, by 9.8 ± 3.2 mmHg, but failed to affect MAP in the BDNF group, indicating a BDNF-induced loss of NTS catecholaminergic hypotensive effects. In addition, in α-chloralose-urethane-anesthetized rats, hypotensive responses to PVN injections of the β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline were significantly attenuated by BDNF overexpression, whereas PVN injections of phenylephrine had no effect on blood pressure. BDNF treatment was also found to significantly reduce β1-adrenergic receptor mRNA expression in the PVN, whereas expression of other adrenergic receptors was unaffected. In summary, increased BDNF expression in the PVN elevates blood pressure, in part by downregulating β-receptor signaling and diminishing hypotensive catecholaminergic input from the NTS to the PVN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have shown that BDNF, a key hypothalamic regulator of blood pressure, disrupts catecholaminergic signaling between the NTS and the PVN by reducing the responsiveness of PVN neurons to inhibitory hypotensive β-adrenergic input from the NTS. This may be occurring partly via BDNF-mediated downregulation of β1-adrenergic receptor expression in the PVN and results in an increase in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary Einwag
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Castro DC, Bruchas MR. A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Neuron 2019; 102:529-552. [PMID: 31071288 PMCID: PMC6528838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the "reward pathway." Embedded within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that synthesizes motivation, affect, learning, cognition, stress, and sensorimotor information. Although striatal subregions collectively share many anatomical and functional similarities, it has become increasingly clear that it is an extraordinarily heterogeneous region. In particular, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) medial shell has repeatedly demonstrated that the rules dictated by more dorsal aspects of the striatum do not apply or are even reversed in functional logic. These discrepancies are perhaps most easily captured when isolating the functions of various neuromodulatory peptide systems within the striatum. Endogenous peptides are thought to play a critical role in modulating striatal signals to either amplify or dampen evoked behaviors. Here we describe the anatomical-functional backdrop upon which several neuropeptides act within the NAc to modulate behavior, with a specific emphasis on nucleus accumbens medial shell and stress responsivity. Additionally, we propose that, as the field continues to dissect fast neurotransmitter systems within the NAc, we must also provide considerable contextual weight to the roles local peptides play in modulating these circuits to more comprehensively understand how this important subregion gates motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Castro
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Miki R, Honda I, Hamasaki R, Kawahara R, Soeda F, Shirasaki T, Misumi S, Takahama K. Effects of tipepidine on MK-801-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Brain Res 2019; 1710:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kotajima-Murakami H, Takano A, Ogai Y, Tsukamoto S, Murakami M, Funada D, Tanibuchi Y, Tachimori H, Maruo K, Sasaki T, Matsumoto T, Ikeda K. Study of effects of ifenprodil in patients with methamphetamine dependence: Protocol for an exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:90-99. [PMID: 30756527 PMCID: PMC7292268 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine dependence has not yet been developed in Japan or elsewhere in the world. Ifenprodil is a blocker of G protein‐activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels that play a key role in the mechanism of action of addictive substances. Our aim is to examine the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of ifenprodil for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Methods The recruitment of outpatients with methamphetamine dependence began in January 2018. The patients will be randomized into three arms: placebo, 60 mg/d ifenprodil, or 120 mg/d ifenprodil. Placebo or ifenprodil will be taken for 84 days. We will use Cerocral fine granule 4%® (ifenprodil tartrate). Follow‐up assessments will be conducted for 84 d after the drug administration period. All of the patients will be assessed by self‐administered questionnaires and urine tests. The primary outcome will be the presence or absence of methamphetamine use during the 84‐day administration period in the 120 mg/d ifenprodil and placebo groups. Secondary outcomes will include the number of days and percentage of days of abstinence from methamphetamine use, positive urine for methamphetamine, relapse risk, and drug craving. Discussion This study is the first clinical trial of ifenprodil treatment for methamphetamine dependence and is designed as an intervention test with off‐label drug use. The present study is expected to provide evidence of the effects of ifenprodil treatment on methamphetamine dependence. Trial registry This trial was registered in the UMIN clinical trial registry (UMIN000030849; date of registration: January 17, 2018). This study is the first clinical trial of ifenprodil treatment for methamphetamine dependence and is designed as an intervention test with off‐label drug use. The present study is expected to provide evidence of the effects of ifenprodil treatment on methamphetamine dependence.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kotajima-Murakami
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Takano
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Unit of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Ogai
- Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tsukamoto
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Funada
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanibuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba Hospital, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sasaki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chiba-University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Kozek KA, Du Y, Sharma S, Prael FJ, Spitznagel BD, Kharade SV, Denton JS, Hopkins CR, Weaver CD. Discovery and Characterization of VU0529331, a Synthetic Small-Molecule Activator of Homomeric G Protein-Gated, Inwardly Rectifying, Potassium (GIRK) Channels. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:358-370. [PMID: 30136838 PMCID: PMC6528656 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-gated, inwardly rectifying, potassium (GIRK) channels are important regulators of cellular excitability throughout the body. GIRK channels are heterotetrameric and homotetrameric combinations of the Kir3.1-4 (GIRK1-4) subunits. Different subunit combinations are expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery, and most of these combinations contain a GIRK1 subunit. For example, the predominance of GIRK channels in the CNS are composed of GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits, while the GIRK channels in cardiac atrial myocytes are made up mostly of GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits. Although the vast majority of GIRK channels contain a GIRK1 subunit, discrete populations of cells that express non-GIRK1-containing GIRK (non-GIRK1/X) channels do exist. For instance, dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain, associated with addiction and reward, do not express the GIRK1 subunit. Targeting these non-GIRK1/X channels with subunit-selective pharmacological probes could lead to important insights into how GIRK channels are involved in reward and addiction. Such insights may, in turn, reveal therapeutic opportunities for the treatment or prevention of addiction. Previously, our laboratory discovered small molecules that can specifically modulate the activity of GIRK1-containing GIRK channels. However, efforts to generate compounds active on non-GIRK1/X channels from these scaffolds have been unsuccessful. Recently, ivermectin was shown to modulate non-GIRK1/X channels, and historically, ivermectin is known to modulate a wide variety of neuronal channels and receptors. Further, ivermectin is a complex natural product, which makes it a challenging starting point for development of more selective, effective, and potent compounds. Thus, while ivermectin provides proof-of-concept as a non-GIRK1/X channel activator, it is of limited utility. Therefore, we sought to discover a synthetic small molecule that would serve as a starting point for the development of non-GIRK1/X channel modulators. To accomplish this, we used a high-throughput thallium flux assay to screen a 100 000-compound library in search of activators of homomeric GIRK2 channels. Using this approach, we discovered VU0529331, the first synthetic small molecule reported to activate non-GIRK1/X channels, to our knowledge. This discovery represents the first step toward developing potent and selective non-GIRK1/X channel probes. Such molecules will help elucidate the role of GIRK channels in addiction, potentially establishing a foundation for future development of therapies utilizing targeted GIRK channel modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian A. Kozek
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- vanderbilt Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Swagat Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Francis J. Prael
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brittany D. Spitznagel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sujay V. Kharade
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerod S. Denton
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - C. David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
Whilst the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP) has similar intracellular coupling mechanisms to opioid receptors, it has distinct modulatory effects on physiological functions such as pain. These actions range from agonistic to antagonistic interactions with classical opioids within the spinal cord and brain, respectively. Understanding the electrophysiological actions of N/OFQ has been crucial in ascertaining the mechanisms by which these agonistic and antagonistic interactions occur. These similarities and differences between N/OFQ and opioids are due to the relative location of NOP versus opioid receptors on specific neuronal elements within these CNS regions. These mechanisms result in varied cellular actions including postsynaptic modulation of ion channels and presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release.
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Engram Cell Excitability State Determines the Efficacy of Memory Retrieval. Neuron 2019; 101:274-284.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dopamine Triggers the Maturation of Striatal Spiny Projection Neuron Excitability during a Critical Period. Neuron 2018; 99:540-554.e4. [PMID: 30057204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits are formed and refined during childhood, including via critical changes in neuronal excitability. Here, we investigated the ontogeny of striatal intrinsic excitability. We found that dopamine neurotransmission increases from the first to the third postnatal week in mice and precedes the reduction in spiny projection neuron (SPN) intrinsic excitability during the fourth postnatal week. In mice developmentally deficient for striatal dopamine, direct pathway D1-SPNs failed to undergo maturation of excitability past P18 and maintained hyperexcitability into adulthood. We found that the absence of D1-SPN maturation was due to altered phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate dynamics and a consequent lack of normal ontogenetic increases in Kir2 currents. Dopamine replacement corrected these deficits in SPN excitability when provided from birth or during a specific period of juvenile development (P18-P28), but not during adulthood. These results identify a sensitive period of dopamine-dependent striatal maturation, with implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Lee SW, Anderson A, Guzman PA, Nakano A, Tolkacheva EG, Wickman K. Atrial GIRK Channels Mediate the Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Heart Rate Dynamics and Arrhythmogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:943. [PMID: 30072916 PMCID: PMC6060443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished parasympathetic influence is central to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and hypertension. Stimulation of the vagus nerve has shown promise in treating cardiovascular disease, prompting renewed interest in understanding the signaling pathway(s) that mediate the vagal influence on cardiac physiology. Here, we evaluated the contribution of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels to the effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and arrhythmogenesis in anesthetized mice. As parasympathetic fibers innervate both atria and ventricle, and GIRK channels contribute to the cholinergic impact on atrial and ventricular myocytes, we collected in vivo electrocardiogram recordings from mice lacking either atrial or ventricular GIRK channels, during VNS. VNS decreased HR and increased HRV in control mice, in a muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. This effect was preserved in mice lacking ventricular GIRK channels, but was nearly completely absent in mice lacking GIRK channels in the atria. In addition, atrial-specific ablation of GIRK channels conferred resistance to arrhythmic episodes induced by VNS. These data indicate that atrial GIRK channels are the primary mediators of the impact of VNS on HR, HRV, and arrhythmogenesis in the anesthetized mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Allison Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Pilar A. Guzman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elena G. Tolkacheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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