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Kweon J, Vigne M, Fukuda AM, Ren B, Carpenter LL, Brown JC. NMDA and GABA Receptor-Mediated Plasticity Induced by 10-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4630964. [PMID: 38978559 PMCID: PMC11230474 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4630964/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Although 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an FDA-approved treatment for depression, we have yet to fully understand the mechanism through which rTMS induces therapeutic and durable changes in the brain. Two competing theories have emerged suggesting that 10-Hz rTMS induces N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP), or alternatively, removal of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs). We examined these two proposed mechanisms of action in the human motor cortex in a double-blind, randomized, four-arm crossover study in healthy subjects. We tested motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) before and after 10-Hz rTMS in the presence of four drugs separated by 1-week each: placebo, NMDAR partial agonist d-cycloserine (DCS 100mg), DCS 100mg + NMDAR partial antagonist dextromethorphan (DMO 150mg; designed to "knock down" DCS-mediated facilitation), and GABAR agonist lorazepam (LZP 2.5mg). NMDAR agonism by DCS enhanced rTMS-induced cortical excitability more than placebo. This enhancement was blocked by combining DCS with NMDAR antagonist, DMO. If GABARs are removed by rTMS, GABAR agonism via LZP should lack its inhibitory effect yielding higher post/pre MEPs. However, MEPs were reduced after rTMS indicating stability of GABAR numbers. These data suggest that 10-Hz rTMS facilitation in the healthy motor cortex may enact change in the brain through NMDAR-mediated LTP-like mechanisms rather than through GABAergic reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Kweon
- Brain Stimulation Mechanisms Laboratory, Neurotherapeutics, Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital
| | - Megan Vigne
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Butler Hospital
| | - Andrew M Fukuda
- Brain Stimulation Mechanisms Laboratory, Neurotherapeutics, Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital
| | - Boyu Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Butler Hospital
| | - Joshua C Brown
- Brain Stimulation Mechanisms Laboratory, Neurotherapeutics, Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital
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Bai Y, Gong A, Wang Q, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Feng Z. Breakdown of oscillatory effective networks in disorders of consciousness. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14469. [PMID: 37718541 PMCID: PMC10916448 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), oscillatory reactivity can be measured, allowing us to investigate the interaction between local and distant cortical oscillations. However, the extent to which human consciousness is related to these oscillatory effective networks has yet to be explored. AIMS We tend to investigate the link between oscillatory effective networks and brain consciousness, by monitoring the global transmission of TMS-induced oscillations in disorders of consciousness (DOC). RESULTS A cohort of DOC patients was included in this study, which included 28 patients with a minimally conscious state (MCS) and 20 patients with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS). Additionally, 25 healthy controls were enrolled. The oscillatory reactivity to single-pulse TMS of the frontal, sensorimotor and parietal cortex was measured using event-related spectral perturbation of TMS-EEG. The temporal-spatial properties of the oscillatory reactivity were illustrated through life time, decay gradients and accumulative power. In DOC patients, an oscillatory reactivity was observed to be temporally and spatially suppressed. TMS-EEG of DOC patients showed that the oscillations did not travel as far in healthy controls, in terms of both temporal and spatial dimensions. Moreover, cortical theta reactivity was found to be a reliable indicator in distinguishing DOC versus healthy controls when TMS of the parietal region and in distinguishing MCS versus VS/UWS when TMS of the frontal region. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores of the DOC patients and the cortical theta reactivity. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed a breakdown of oscillatory effective networks in DOC patients, which has implications for the use of TMS-EEG in DOC evaluation and offers a neural oscillation viewpoint on the neurological basis of human consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Rehabilitation Medicine Clinical Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchangChina
| | - Anjuan Gong
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qijun Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongkun Guo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yin Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Rehabilitation Medicine Clinical Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchangChina
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Sallie SN, Sonkusare S, Mandali A, Casero V, Cui H, Guzman NV, Allison M, Voon V. Cortical paired associative stimulation shows impaired plasticity of inhibition networks as a function of chronic alcohol use. Psychol Med 2024; 54:698-709. [PMID: 37712403 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response inhibition - or the ability to withhold a suboptimal response - relies on the efficacy of fronto-striatal networks, and is impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction. Cortical paired associative stimulation (cPAS) is a form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which can strengthen neuronal connections via spike-timing-dependent plasticity mechanisms. Here, we used cPAS targeting the fronto-striatal inhibitory network to modulate performance on a response inhibition measure in chronic alcohol use. METHODS Fifty-five participants (20 patients with a formal alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis (26-74 years, 6[30%] females) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) (27-73 years, 6[30%] females) within a larger sample of 35 HCs (23-84 years, 11[31.4%] females) underwent two randomized sessions of cPAS 1-week apart: right inferior frontal cortex stimulation preceding right presupplementary motor area stimulation by either 4 ms (excitation condition) or 100 ms (control condition), and were subsequently administered the Stop Signal Task (SST) in both sessions. RESULTS HCs showed decreased stop signal reaction time in the excitation condition (t(19) = -3.01, p = 0.007, [CIs]:-35.6 to -6.42); this facilitatory effect was not observed for AUD (F(1,31) = 9.57, p = 0.004, CIs: -68.64 to -14.11). Individually, rates of SST improvement were substantially higher for healthy (72%) relative to AUD (13.6%) groups (OR: 2.33, p = 0.006, CIs:-3.34 to -0.55). CONCLUSION In line with previous findings, cPAS improved response inhibition in healthy adults by strengthening the fronto-striatal network through putative long-term potentiation-like plasticity mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified a possible marker of impaired cortical excitability, and, thus, diminished capacity for cPAS-induced neuroplasticity in AUD with direct implications to a disorder-relevant cognitive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Sallie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Saurabh Sonkusare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13TH, UK
| | - Violeta Casero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hailun Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Natalie V Guzman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sinisalo H, Rissanen I, Kahilakoski OP, Souza VH, Tommila T, Laine M, Nyrhinen M, Ukharova E, Granö I, Soto AM, Matsuda RH, Rantala R, Guidotti R, Kičić D, Lioumis P, Mutanen T, Pizzella V, Marzetti L, Roine T, Stenroos M, Ziemann U, Romani GL, Ilmoniemi RJ. Modulating brain networks in space and time: Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 158:218-224. [PMID: 38184469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Sinisalo
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Rissanen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Victor H Souza
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Aalto University, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Timo Tommila
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikael Laine
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Nyrhinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; AMI Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elena Ukharova
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ida Granö
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ana M Soto
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Renan H Matsuda
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Robin Rantala
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Roberto Guidotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dubravko Kičić
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pantelis Lioumis
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Aalto University, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mutanen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vittorio Pizzella
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Marzetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Timo Roine
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matti Stenroos
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Risto J Ilmoniemi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Widge AS. Closing the loop in psychiatric deep brain stimulation: physiology, psychometrics, and plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:138-149. [PMID: 37415081 PMCID: PMC10700701 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive approach to precise modulation of psychiatrically relevant circuits. Although it has impressive results in open-label psychiatric trials, DBS has also struggled to scale to and pass through multi-center randomized trials. This contrasts with Parkinson disease, where DBS is an established therapy treating thousands of patients annually. The core difference between these clinical applications is the difficulty of proving target engagement, and of leveraging the wide range of possible settings (parameters) that can be programmed in a given patient's DBS. In Parkinson's, patients' symptoms change rapidly and visibly when the stimulator is tuned to the correct parameters. In psychiatry, those same changes take days to weeks, limiting a clinician's ability to explore parameter space and identify patient-specific optimal settings. I review new approaches to psychiatric target engagement, with an emphasis on major depressive disorder (MDD). Specifically, I argue that better engagement may come by focusing on the root causes of psychiatric illness: dysfunction in specific, measurable cognitive functions and in the connectivity and synchrony of distributed brain circuits. I overview recent progress in both those domains, and how it may relate to other technologies discussed in companion articles in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alik S Widge
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Cinnera AM, Bonnì S, D'Acunto A, Maiella M, Ferraresi M, Casula EP, Pezzopane V, Tramontano M, Iosa M, Paolucci S, Morone G, Vannozzi G, Koch G. Cortico-cortical stimulation and robot-assisted therapy (CCS and RAT) for upper limb recovery after stroke: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:823. [PMID: 38129910 PMCID: PMC10740274 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since birth, during the exploration of the environment to interact with objects, we exploit both the motor and sensory components of the upper limb (UL). This ability to integrate sensory and motor information is often compromised following a stroke. However, to date, rehabilitation protocols are focused primarily on recovery of motor function through physical therapies. Therefore, we have planned a clinical trial to investigate the effect on functionality of UL after a sensorimotor transcranial stimulation (real vs sham) in add-on to robot-assisted therapy in the stroke population. METHODS A randomised double-blind controlled trial design involving 32 patients with a single chronic stroke (onset > 180 days) was planned. Each patient will undergo 15 consecutive sessions (5 days for 3 weeks) of paired associative stimulation (PAS) coupled with UL robot-assisted therapy. PAS stimulation will be administered using a bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) on the posterior-parietal cortex and the primary motor area (real or sham) of the lesioned hemisphere. Clinical, kinematics and neurophysiological changes will be evaluated at the end of protocol and at 1-month follow-up and compared with baseline. The Fugl-Meyer assessment scale will be the primary outcome. Secondly, kinematic variables will be recorded during the box-and-block test and reaching tasks using video analysis and inertial sensors. Single pulse TMS and electroencephalography will be used to investigate the changes in local cortical reactivity and in the interconnected areas. DISCUSSION The presented trial shall evaluate with a multimodal approach the effects of sensorimotor network stimulation applied before a robot-assisted therapy training on functional recovery of the upper extremity after stroke. The combination of neuromodulation and robot-assisted therapy can promote an increase of cortical plasticity of sensorimotor areas followed by a clinical benefit in the motor function of the upper limb. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05478434. Registered on 28 Jul 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Martino Cinnera
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Sonia Bonnì
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Acunto
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Maiella
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferraresi
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elias Paolo Casula
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pezzopane
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tramontano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Iosa
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Paolucci
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vannozzi
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Guidali G, Bagattini C, De Matola M, Brignani D. Influence of frontal-to-parietal connectivity in pseudoneglect: A cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation study. Cortex 2023; 169:50-64. [PMID: 37862830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoneglect is a set of visuospatial biases that entails a behavioral advantage for stimuli appearing in the left hemifield compared to the right one. Although right hemisphere dominance for visuospatial processing has been invoked to explain this phenomenon, its neurophysiological mechanisms are still debated, and the role of intra- and inter-hemispheric connectivity is yet to be defined. The present study explored the possibility of modulating pseudoneglect in healthy participants through a cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation protocol (ccPAS): a non-invasive brain stimulation protocol that manipulates the interplay between brain regions through the repeated, time-locked coupling of two transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses. In the first experiment, healthy participants underwent a frontal-to-parietal (FP) and a parietal-to-frontal (PF) ccPAS. In the FP protocol, the first TMS pulse targeted the right frontal eye field (FEF), and the second pulse the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), two critical areas for visuospatial and attentional processing. In the PF condition, the order of the pulses was reversed. In both protocols, the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) was 10 ms. Before and after stimulation, pseudoneglect was assessed with a landmark task and a manual line bisection task. A second experiment controlled for ccPAS timing dependency by testing FP-ccPAS with a longer ISI of 100 ms. Results showed that after administering the FP-ccPAS with the ISI of 10 ms, participants' leftward bias in the landmark task increased significantly, with no effects in the manual line bisection task. The other two protocols tested were ineffective. Our findings showed that ccPAS could be used to modulate pseudoneglect by exploiting frontal-to-parietal connectivity, possibly through increased top-down attentional control. FP-ccPAS could represent a promising tool to investigate connectivity properties within visuospatial and attentional networks in the healthy and as a potential rehabilitation protocol in patients suffering from severe visuospatial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guidali
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bagattini
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo De Matola
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Debora Brignani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Hernandez-Pavon JC, San Agustín A, Wang MC, Veniero D, Pons JL. Can we manipulate brain connectivity? A systematic review of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation effects. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 154:169-193. [PMID: 37634335 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is a form of dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) entailing a series of single-TMS pulses paired at specific interstimulus intervals (ISI) delivered to distant cortical areas. The goal of this article is to systematically review its efficacy in inducing plasticity in humans focusing on stimulation parameters and hypotheses of underlying neurophysiology. METHODS A systematic review of the literature from 2009-2023 was undertaken to identify all articles utilizing ccPAS to study brain plasticity and connectivity. Six electronic databases were searched and included. RESULTS 32 studies were identified. The studies targeted connections within the same hemisphere or between hemispheres. 28 ccPAS studies were in healthy participants, 1 study in schizophrenia, and 1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. 2 additional studies used cortico-cortical repetitive paired associative stimulation (cc-rPAS) in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. Outcome measures include electromyography (EMG), behavioral measures, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ccPAS seems to be able to modulate brain connectivity depending on the ISI. CONCLUSIONS ccPAS can be used to modulate corticospinal excitability, brain activity, and behavior. Although the stimulation parameters used across studies reviewed in this paper are varied, ccPAS is a promising approach for basic research and potential clinical applications. SIGNIFICANCE Recent advances in neuroscience have caused a shift of interest from the study of single areas to a more complex approach focusing on networks of areas that orchestrate brain activity. Consequently, the TMS community is also witnessing a change, with a growing interest in targeting multiple brain areas rather than a single locus, as evidenced by an increasing number of papers using ccPAS. In light of this new enthusiasm for brain connectivity, this review summarizes existing literature and stimulation parameters that have proven effective in changing electrophysiological, behavioral, or neuroimaging-derived measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Hernandez-Pavon
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Arantzazu San Agustín
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Max C Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jose L Pons
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Borgomaneri S, Zanon M, Di Luzio P, Cataneo A, Arcara G, Romei V, Tamietto M, Avenanti A. Increasing associative plasticity in temporo-occipital back-projections improves visual perception of emotions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5720. [PMID: 37737239 PMCID: PMC10517146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is a critical node in a network specialized for perceiving emotional facial expressions that is reciprocally connected with early visual cortices (V1/V2). Current models of perceptual decision-making increasingly assign relevance to recursive processing for visual recognition. However, it is unknown whether inducing plasticity into reentrant connections from pSTS to V1/V2 impacts emotion perception. Using a combination of electrophysiological and neurostimulation methods, we demonstrate that strengthening the connectivity from pSTS to V1/V2 selectively increases the ability to perceive facial expressions associated with emotions. This behavior is associated with increased electrophysiological activity in both these brain regions, particularly in V1/V2, and depends on specific temporal parameters of stimulation that follow Hebbian principles. Therefore, we provide evidence that pSTS-to-V1/V2 back-projections are instrumental to perception of emotion from facial stimuli and functionally malleable via manipulation of associative plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Marco Zanon
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Luzio
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonio Cataneo
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Marco Tamietto
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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10
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Trajkovic J, Romei V, Rushworth MFS, Sel A. Changing connectivity between premotor and motor cortex changes inter-areal communication in the human brain. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 228:102487. [PMID: 37353108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The ventral premotor cortex (PMv) is an important component of cortico-cortical pathways mediating prefrontal control over primary motor cortex (M1) function. Paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is known to change PMv influence over M1 in humans, which manifests differently depending on the behavioural context. Here we show that these changes in influence are functionally linked to PMv-M1 phase synchrony changes induced by repeated paired stimulation of the two areas. PMv-to-M1 ccPAS leads to increased phase synchrony in alpha and beta bands, while reversed order M1-to-PMv ccPAS leads to decreased theta phase synchrony. These changes are visible at rest but are predictive of changes in oscillatory power in the same frequencies during movement execution and inhibition, respectively. The results unveil a link between the physiology of the motor network and the resonant frequencies mediating its interactions and provide a putative mechanism underpinning the relationship between synaptic efficacy and brain oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Trajkovic
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK; Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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11
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Hamada H, Wen W, Kawasaki T, Yamashita A, Asama H. Characteristics of EEG power spectra involved in the proficiency of motor learning. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1094658. [PMID: 37492406 PMCID: PMC10364476 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1094658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation techniques for modulating brain activity can affect performance in a variety of behaviors. Techniques including transcranial alternating current stimulation and random noise stimulation can modulate neural oscillations. However, the intervention effect of neuromodulation approaches on motor learning is poor, partly because the electroencephalography (EEG) power spectra associated with the motor learning process has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of EEG power spectra in the process of motor learning in 15 right-handed healthy participants (5 females; mean age = 22.8 ± 3.0 years). The motor task was a ball-rotation task in which participants rotated two balls in the palm of their left hand. Participants performed a pre-test, the motor learning tasks, and a post-test. In the motor learning tasks, twenty 60 s trials were performed in the clockwise (CW) direction. Before and after the motor learning tasks, CW and counterclockwise (CCW; control condition) tasks were performed for 60 s each as pre- and post-tests. Therefore, CW direction was set as a motor learning task, while CCW was a test-only control task. EEG was recorded during the tests and tasks, and the power spectra in the alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations were calculated and compared between pre- and post-tests. The results showed that in the CW post-test, the power of the gamma band in the left parietal areas and the right frontal area was significantly higher than in the pre-test. In the CCW, there was no significant difference in each band at each area between the pre- and post-tests. Our findings reveal the characteristics of the EEG spectra related to the motor learning process. These results may help to establish more effective neuromodulation approaches to modifying neural oscillations in motor learning, including in rehabilitation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hamada
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kawasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hajime Asama
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hernandez-Pavon JC, Schneider-Garces N, Begnoche JP, Miller LE, Raij T. Targeted Modulation of Human Brain Interregional Effective Connectivity With Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:745-754. [PMID: 36404214 PMCID: PMC10188658 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability to selectively up- or downregulate interregional brain connectivity would be useful for research and clinical purposes. Toward this aim, cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) protocols have been developed in which two areas are repeatedly stimulated with a millisecond-level asynchrony. However, ccPAS results in humans using bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been variable, and the mechanisms remain unproven. In this study, our goal was to test whether ccPAS mechanism is spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven healthy participants received ccPAS to the left primary motor cortex (M1) → right M1 with three different asynchronies (5 milliseconds shorter, equal to, or 5 milliseconds longer than the 9-millisecond transcallosal conduction delay) in separate sessions. To observe the neurophysiological effects, single-pulse TMS was delivered to the left M1 before and after ccPAS while cortico-cortical evoked responses were extracted from the contralateral M1 using source-resolved electroencephalography. RESULTS Consistent with STDP mechanisms, the effects on synaptic strengths flipped depending on the asynchrony. Further implicating STDP, control experiments suggested that the effects were unidirectional and selective to the targeted connection. CONCLUSION The results support the idea that ccPAS induces STDP and may selectively up- or downregulate effective connectivity between targeted regions in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Hernandez-Pavon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Lee E Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Limb Motor Control Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tommi Raij
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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13
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Avnit A, Zibman S, Alyagon U, Zangen A. Abnormal functional asymmetry and its behavioural correlates in adults with ADHD: A TMS-EEG study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285086. [PMID: 37228131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal functional brain asymmetry and deficient response inhibition are two core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether these symptoms are inter-related and whether they are underlined by altered frontal excitability and by compromised interhemispheric connectivity. METHODS We studied these issues in 52 ADHD and 43 non-clinical adults by comparing: (1) stop-signal reaction time (SSRT); (2) frontal asymmetry of the N200 event-related potential component, which is evoked during response inhibition and is lateralised to the right hemisphere; (3) TMS-evoked potential (TEP) in the right frontal hemisphere, which is indicative of local cortical excitability; and (4) frontal right-to-left interhemispheric TMS signal propagation (ISP), which is reversely indicative of interhemispheric connectivity. RESULTS Compared to controls, the ADHD group demonstrated elongated SSRT, reduced N200 right-frontal-asymmetry, weaker TEP, and stronger ISP. Moreover, in the ADHD group, N200 right-frontal-asymmetry correlated with SSRT, with TEP, and with symptoms severity. Conversely, no relationship was observed between ISP and N200 right-frontal-asymmetry, and both TEP and ISP were found to be unrelated to SSRT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that abnormal frontal asymmetry is related to a key cognitive symptom in ADHD and suggest that it is underlined by reduced right-frontal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Avnit
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Samuel Zibman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Uri Alyagon
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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14
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Zhang JP, Xing XX, Zheng MX, Wu JJ, Xue X, Li YL, Hua XY, Ma SJ, Xu JG. Effects of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation based on multisensory integration to brain network connectivity in stroke patients: study protocol for a randomized doubled blind clinical trial. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:176. [PMID: 37118658 PMCID: PMC10148448 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain has a spontaneous recovery after stroke, reflecting the plasticity of the brain. Currently, TMS is used for studies of single-target brain region modulation, which lacks consideration of brain networks and functional connectivity. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) promotes recovery of motor function. Multisensory effects in primary visual cortex(V1) directly influence behavior and perception, which facilitate motor functional recovery in stroke patients. Therefore, in this study, dual-targeted precise stimulation of V1 and primary motor cortex(M1) on the affected hemisphere of stroke patients will be used for cortical visuomotor multisensory integration to improve motor function. METHOD This study is a randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial over a 14-week period. 69 stroke subjects will be enrolled and divided into sham stimulation group, ccPAS low frequency group, and ccPAS high frequency group. All groups will receive conventional rehabilitation. The intervention lasted for two weeks, five times a week. Assessments will be performed before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and followed up at 6 and 14 weeks. The primary assessment indicator is the 'Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity ', secondary outcomes were 'The line bisection test', 'Modified Taylor Complex Figure', 'NIHSS' and neuroimaging assessments. All adverse events will be recorded. DISCUSSION Currently, ccPAS is used for the modulation of neural circuits. Based on spike-timing dependent plasticity theory, we can precisely intervene in the connections between different cortices to promote the recovery of functional connectivity on damaged brain networks after stroke. We hope to achieve the modulation of cortical visuomotor interaction by combining ccPAS with the concept of multisensory integration. We will further analyze the correlation between analyzing visual and motor circuits and explore the alteration of neuroplasticity by the interactions between different brain networks. This study will provide us with a new clinical treatment strategy to achieve precise rehabilitation for patient with motor dysfunction after stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with code ChiCTR2300067422 and was approved on January 16, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Peng Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xue
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Ma
- Rehabilitation Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, No. 25, Lane 860, Changjiang Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200441, China.
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Hernandez-Pavon JC, Veniero D, Bergmann TO, Belardinelli P, Bortoletto M, Casarotto S, Casula EP, Farzan F, Fecchio M, Julkunen P, Kallioniemi E, Lioumis P, Metsomaa J, Miniussi C, Mutanen TP, Rocchi L, Rogasch NC, Shafi MM, Siebner HR, Thut G, Zrenner C, Ziemann U, Ilmoniemi RJ. TMS combined with EEG: Recommendations and open issues for data collection and analysis. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:567-593. [PMID: 36828303 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evokes neuronal activity in the targeted cortex and connected brain regions. The evoked brain response can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG). TMS combined with simultaneous EEG (TMS-EEG) is widely used for studying cortical reactivity and connectivity at high spatiotemporal resolution. Methodologically, the combination of TMS with EEG is challenging, and there are many open questions in the field. Different TMS-EEG equipment and approaches for data collection and analysis are used. The lack of standardization may affect reproducibility and limit the comparability of results produced in different research laboratories. In addition, there is controversy about the extent to which auditory and somatosensory inputs contribute to transcranially evoked EEG. This review provides a guide for researchers who wish to use TMS-EEG to study the reactivity of the human cortex. A worldwide panel of experts working on TMS-EEG covered all aspects that should be considered in TMS-EEG experiments, providing methodological recommendations (when possible) for effective TMS-EEG recordings and analysis. The panel identified and discussed the challenges of the technique, particularly regarding recording procedures, artifact correction, analysis, and interpretation of the transcranial evoked potentials (TEPs). Therefore, this work offers an extensive overview of TMS-EEG methodology and thus may promote standardization of experimental and computational procedures across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Hernandez-Pavon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Paolo Belardinelli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy; Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marta Bortoletto
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Casarotto
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elias P Casula
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Faranak Farzan
- Simon Fraser University, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matteo Fecchio
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petro Julkunen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Kallioniemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pantelis Lioumis
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Metsomaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Tuomas P Mutanen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregor Thut
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Zrenner
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Risto J Ilmoniemi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Casarotto A, Dolfini E, Cardellicchio P, Fadiga L, D'Ausilio A, Koch G. Mechanisms of Hebbian-like plasticity in the ventral premotor - primary motor network. J Physiol 2023; 601:211-226. [PMID: 36327142 PMCID: PMC10100355 DOI: 10.1113/jp283560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional connection between ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) is critical for the organization of goal-directed actions. Repeated activation of this connection by means of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (cc-PAS), a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, may induce Hebbian-like plasticity. However, the physiological modifications produced by Hebbian-like plasticity in the PMv-M1 network are poorly understood. To fill this gap, we investigated the effects of cc-PAS on PMv-M1 circuits. We hypothesized that specific interactions would occur with I2 -wave interneurons as measured by the short intracortical facilitation protocol (SICF). We used different paired-pulse TMS protocols to examine the effects of PMv-M1 cc-PAS on SICF, on GABAergic circuits as measured by short (SICI) and long (LICI) intracortical inhibition protocols, and varied the current direction in M1 to target different M1 neuronal populations. Finally, we examined the effects of cc-PAS on PMv-M1 connectivity using a dual coil approach. We found that PMv-M1 cc-PAS induces both a long-term potentiation (LTP)- or long-term depression (LTD)-like after-effect in M1 neuronal activity that is strongly associated with a bidirectional-specific change in I2 -wave activity (SICF = 2.5 ms ISI). Moreover, cc-PAS induces a specific modulation of the LICI circuit and separately modulates PMv-M1 connectivity. We suggest that plasticity within the PMv-M1 circuit is mediated by a selective mechanism exerted by PMv on M1 by targeting I2 -wave interneurons. These results provide new mechanistic insights into how PMv modulates M1 activity that are relevant for the design of brain stimulation protocols in health and disease. KEY POINTS: The I2 -wave is specifically modulated by the induction of ventral premotor cortex - primary motor cortex (PMv-M1) plasticity. After PMv-M1 cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (cc-PAS), corticospinal excitability correlates negatively with I2 -wave amplitude. Different cc-PAS coil orientations can lead to a long-term potentiation- or long-term depression-like after-effect in M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casarotto
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Dolfini
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cardellicchio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ausilio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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17
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Source-based artifact-rejection techniques for TMS-EEG. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 382:109693. [PMID: 36057330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal electroencephalography (EEG) signals arise from the cortical postsynaptic currents. Due to the conductive properties of the head, these neuronal sources produce relatively smeared spatial patterns in EEG. We can model these topographies to deduce which signals reflect genuine TMS-evoked cortical activity and which data components are merely noise and artifacts. This review will concentrate on two source-based artifact-rejection techniques developed for TMS-EEG data analysis, signal-space-projection-source-informed reconstruction (SSP-SIR), and the source-estimate-utilizing noise-discarding algorithm (SOUND). The former method was designed for rejecting TMS-evoked muscle artifacts, while the latter was developed to suppress noise signals from EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in general. We shall cover the theoretical background for both methods, but most importantly, we will describe some essential practical perspectives for using these techniques effectively. We demonstrate and explain what approaches produce the most reliable inverse estimates after cleaning the data or how to perform non-biased comparisons between cleaned datasets. All noise-cleaning algorithms compromise the signals of interest to a degree. We elaborate on how the source-based methods allow objective quantification of the overcorrection. Finally, we consider possible future directions. While this article concentrates on TMS-EEG data analysis, many theoretical and practical aspects, presented here, can be readily applied in other EEG/MEG applications. Overall, the source-based cleaning methods provide a valuable set of TMS-EEG preprocessing tools. We can objectively evaluate their performance regarding possible overcorrection. Furthermore, the overcorrection can always be taken into account to compare cleaned datasets reliably. The described methods are based on current electrophysiological and anatomical understanding of the head and the EEG generators; strong assumptions of the statistical properties of the noise and artifact signals, such as independence, are not needed.
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18
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Turrini S, Fiori F, Chiappini E, Santarnecchi E, Romei V, Avenanti A. Gradual enhancement of corticomotor excitability during cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14670. [PMID: 36038605 PMCID: PMC9424198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is an effective transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method for inducing associative plasticity between interconnected brain areas in humans. Prior ccPAS studies have focused on protocol’s aftereffects. Here, we investigated physiological changes induced “online” during ccPAS administration. We tested 109 participants receiving ccPAS over left ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) using a standard procedure (90 paired-pulses with 8-ms interstimulus interval, repeated at 0.1 Hz frequency). On each paired-pulse, we recorded a motor-evoked potential (MEP) to continuously trace the emergence of corticomotor changes. Participant receiving forward-ccPAS (on each pair, a first TMS pulse was administered over PMv, second over M1, i.e., PMv-to-M1) showed a gradual and linear increase in MEP size that did not reach a plateau at the end of the protocol and was greater in participants with low motor threshold. Participants receiving reverse-ccPAS (i.e., M1-to-PMv) showed a trend toward inhibition. Our study highlights the facilitatory and inhibitory modulations that occur during ccPAS administration and suggest that online MEP monitoring could provide insights into the malleability of the motor system and protocol’s effectiveness. Our findings open interesting prospects about ccPAS potential optimization in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,NeXT: Unità di ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy. .,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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19
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Chiappini E, Sel A, Hibbard PB, Avenanti A, Romei V. Increasing interhemispheric connectivity between human visual motion areas uncovers asymmetric sensitivity to horizontal motion. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4064-4070.e3. [PMID: 35987211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our conscious perceptual experience relies on a hierarchical process involving integration of low-level sensory encoding and higher-order sensory selection.1 This hierarchical process may scale at different levels of brain functioning, including integration of information between the hemispheres.2-5 Here, we test this hypothesis for the perception of visual motion stimuli. Across 3 experiments, we manipulated the connectivity between the left and right visual motion complexes (V5/MT+) responsible for horizontal motion perception2,3 by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).4,5 We found that enhancing the strength of connections from the left to the right V5/MT+, by inducing spike-timing-dependent plasticity6 in this pathway, increased sensitivity to horizontal motion. These changes were present immediately and lasted at least 90 min after intervention. Notably, little perceptual changes were observed when strengthening connections from the right to the left V5/MT+. Furthermore, we found that this asymmetric modulation was mirrored by an asymmetric perceptual bias in the direction of the horizontal motion. Overall, observers were biased toward leftward relative to rightward motion direction. Crucially, following the strengthening of the connections from right to left V5/MT+, this bias could be momentarily reversed. These results suggest that the projections connecting left and right V5/MT+ in the human visual cortex are asymmetrical, subtending a hierarchical role of hemispheric specialization7-10 favoring left-to-right hemisphere processing for integrating local sensory input into coherent global motion perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Chiappini
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Paul B Hibbard
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
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20
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Di Luzio P, Tarasi L, Silvanto J, Avenanti A, Romei V. Human perceptual and metacognitive decision-making rely on distinct brain networks. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001750. [PMID: 35944012 PMCID: PMC9362930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decisions depend on the ability to exploit available sensory information in order to select the most adaptive option from a set of alternatives. Such decisions depend on the perceptual sensitivity of the organism, which is generally accompanied by a corresponding level of certainty about the choice made. Here, by use of corticocortical paired associative transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol (ccPAS) aimed at inducing plastic changes, we shaped perceptual sensitivity and metacognitive ability in a motion discrimination task depending on the targeted network, demonstrating their functional dissociation. Neurostimulation aimed at boosting V5/MT+-to-V1/V2 back-projections enhanced motion sensitivity without impacting metacognition, whereas boosting IPS/LIP-to-V1/V2 back-projections increased metacognitive efficiency without impacting motion sensitivity. This double-dissociation provides causal evidence of distinct networks for perceptual sensitivity and metacognitive ability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Luzio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Luca Tarasi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Juha Silvanto
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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21
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Siebner HR, Funke K, Aberra AS, Antal A, Bestmann S, Chen R, Classen J, Davare M, Di Lazzaro V, Fox PT, Hallett M, Karabanov AN, Kesselheim J, Beck MM, Koch G, Liebetanz D, Meunier S, Miniussi C, Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Popa T, Ridding MC, Thielscher A, Ziemann U, Rothwell JC, Ugawa Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain: What is stimulated? - A consensus and critical position paper. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 140:59-97. [PMID: 35738037 PMCID: PMC9753778 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial (electro)magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a time-varying electric field in the brain that may evoke action potentials in cortical neurons. The spatial relationship between the locally induced electric field and the stimulated neurons determines axonal depolarization. The induced electric field is influenced by the conductive properties of the tissue compartments and is strongest in the superficial parts of the targeted cortical gyri and underlying white matter. TMS likely targets axons of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The propensity of individual axons to fire an action potential in response to TMS depends on their geometry, myelination and spatial relation to the imposed electric field and the physiological state of the neuron. The latter is determined by its transsynaptic dendritic and somatic inputs, intrinsic membrane potential and firing rate. Modeling work suggests that the primary target of TMS is axonal terminals in the crown top and lip regions of cortical gyri. The induced electric field may additionally excite bends of myelinated axons in the juxtacortical white matter below the gyral crown. Neuronal excitation spreads ortho- and antidromically along the stimulated axons and causes secondary excitation of connected neuronal populations within local intracortical microcircuits in the target area. Axonal and transsynaptic spread of excitation also occurs along cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connections, impacting on neuronal activity in the targeted network. Both local and remote neural excitation depend critically on the functional state of the stimulated target area and network. TMS also causes substantial direct co-stimulation of the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral co-excitation propagates centrally in auditory and somatosensory networks, but also produces brain responses in other networks subserving multisensory integration, orienting or arousal. The complexity of the response to TMS warrants cautious interpretation of its physiological and behavioural consequences, and a deeper understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of TMS will be critical for advancing it as a scientific and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aman S Aberra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network and Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Davare
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anke N Karabanov
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Nutrition and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine Kesselheim
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mikkel M Beck
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Laboratorio di NeurologiaClinica e Comportamentale, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS 4 UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di DioFatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Traian Popa
- Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Ridding
- University of South Australia, IIMPACT in Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Global Medical Science Centre, Advanced Clinical Research Centre, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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22
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Hooyman A, Garbin A, Fisher BE, Kutch JJ, Winstein CJ. Paired associative stimulation applied to the cortex can increase resting-state functional connectivity: A proof of principle study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136753. [PMID: 35753613 PMCID: PMC10035603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is emerging evidence that high Beta coherence (hBc) between prefrontal and motor corticies, measured with resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG), can be an accurate predictor of motor skill learning and stroke recovery. However, it remains unknown whether and how intracortical connectivity may be influenced using neuromodulation. Therefore, a cortico-cortico PAS (ccPAS) paradigm may be used to increase resting-state intracortical connectivity (rs-IC) within a targeted neural circuit. PURPOSE Our purpose is to demonstrate proof of principle that ccPAS can be used to increase rs-IC between a prefrontal and motor cortical region. METHODS Eleven non-disabled adults were recruited (mean age 26.4, sd 5.6, 5 female). Each participant underwent a double baseline measurement, followed by a real and control ccPAS condition, counter-balanced for order. Control and ccPAS conditions were performed over electrodes of the right prefrontal and motor cortex. Both ccPAS conditions were identical apart from the inter-stimulus interval (i.e ISI 5 ms: real ccPAS and 500 ms: control ccPAS). Whole brain rs-EEG of high Beta coherence (hBc) was acquired before and after each ccPAS condition and then analyzed for changes in rs-IC along the targeted circuit. RESULTS Compared to ccPAS500 and baseline, ccPAS5 induced a significant increase in rs-IC, measured as coherence between electrodes over right prefrontal and motor cortex, (p <.05). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate proof of principle that ccPAS with an STDP derived ISI, can effectively increase hBc along a targeted circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hooyman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Alexander Garbin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth E Fisher
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolee J Winstein
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Janssens SEW, Sack AT. Spontaneous Fluctuations in Oscillatory Brain State Cause Differences in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects Within and Between Individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:802244. [PMID: 34924982 PMCID: PMC8674306 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.802244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can cause measurable effects on neural activity and behavioral performance in healthy volunteers. In addition, TMS is increasingly used in clinical practice for treating various neuropsychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, TMS-induced effects show large intra- and inter-subject variability, hindering its reliability, and efficacy. One possible source of this variability may be the spontaneous fluctuations of neuronal oscillations. We present recent studies using multimodal TMS including TMS-EMG (electromyography), TMS-tACS (transcranial alternating current stimulation), and concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI (electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging), to evaluate how individual oscillatory brain state affects TMS signal propagation within targeted networks. We demonstrate how the spontaneous oscillatory state at the time of TMS influences both immediate and longer-lasting TMS effects. These findings indicate that at least part of the variability in TMS efficacy may be attributable to the current practice of ignoring (spontaneous) oscillatory fluctuations during TMS. Ignoring this state-dependent spread of activity may cause great individual variability which so far is poorly understood and has proven impossible to control. We therefore also compare two technical solutions to directly account for oscillatory state during TMS, namely, to use (a) tACS to externally control these oscillatory states and then apply TMS at the optimal (controlled) brain state, or (b) oscillatory state-triggered TMS (closed-loop TMS). The described multimodal TMS approaches are paramount for establishing more robust TMS effects, and to allow enhanced control over the individual outcome of TMS interventions aimed at modulating information flow in the brain to achieve desirable changes in cognition, mood, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanice E W Janssens
- Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Brain + Nerve Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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24
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Tarasi L, Trajkovic J, Diciotti S, di Pellegrino G, Ferri F, Ursino M, Romei V. Predictive waves in the autism-schizophrenia continuum: A novel biobehavioral model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1-22. [PMID: 34774901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a predictive machine. Converging data suggests a diametric predictive strategy from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD). Whereas perceptual inference in ASD is rigidly shaped by incoming sensory information, the SSD population is prone to overestimate the precision of their priors' models. Growing evidence considers brain oscillations pivotal biomarkers to understand how top-down predictions integrate bottom-up input. Starting from the conceptualization of ASD and SSD as oscillopathies, we introduce an integrated perspective that ascribes the maladjustments of the predictive mechanism to dysregulation of neural synchronization. According to this proposal, disturbances in the oscillatory profile do not allow the appropriate trade-off between descending predictive signal, overweighted in SSD, and ascending prediction errors, overweighted in ASD. These opposing imbalances both result in an ill-adapted reaction to external challenges. This approach offers a neuro-computational model capable of linking predictive coding theories with electrophysiological findings, aiming to increase knowledge on the neuronal foundations of the two spectra features and stimulate hypothesis-driven rehabilitation/research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tarasi
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Jelena Trajkovic
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Ursino
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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25
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Increasing and decreasing interregional brain coupling increases and decreases oscillatory activity in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100652118. [PMID: 34507986 PMCID: PMC8449322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100652118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The origins of oscillatory activity in the brain are currently debated, but common to many hypotheses is the notion that they reflect interactions between brain areas. Here, we examine this possibility by manipulating the strength of coupling between two human brain regions, ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1), and examine the impact on oscillatory activity in the motor system measurable in the electroencephalogram. We either increased or decreased the strength of coupling while holding the impact on each component area in the pathway constant. This was achieved by stimulating PMv and M1 with paired pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation using two different patterns, only one of which increases the influence exerted by PMv over M1. While the stimulation protocols differed in their temporal patterning, they were comprised of identical numbers of pulses to M1 and PMv. We measured the impact on activity in alpha, beta, and theta bands during a motor task in which participants either made a preprepared action (Go) or withheld it (No-Go). Augmenting cortical connectivity between PMv and M1, by evoking synchronous pre- and postsynaptic activity in the PMv-M1 pathway, enhanced oscillatory beta and theta rhythms in Go and No-Go trials, respectively. Little change was observed in the alpha rhythm. By contrast, diminishing the influence of PMv over M1 decreased oscillatory beta and theta rhythms in Go and No-Go trials, respectively. This suggests that corticocortical communication frequencies in the PMv-M1 pathway can be manipulated following Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
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26
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Rurak BK, Rodrigues JP, Power BD, Drummond PD, Vallence AM. Reduced SMA-M1 connectivity in older than younger adults measured using dual-site TMS. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6533-6552. [PMID: 34470079 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With advancing age comes a decline in voluntary movement control. Growing evidence suggests that an age-related decline in effective connectivity between the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (SMA-M1) might play a role in an age-related decline of bilateral motor control. Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure SMA-M1 effective connectivity. In the current study, we aimed to (1) replicate previous dual-site TMS research showing reduced SMA-M1 connectivity in older than younger adults and (2) examine whether SMA-M1 connectivity is associated with bilateral motor control in independent samples of younger (n = 30) and older adults (n = 30). SMA-M1 connectivity was measured using dual-site TMS with interstimulus intervals of 6, 7 and 8 ms, and bilateral motor control was measured using the Purdue Pegboard, Four Square Step Test and the Timed Up and Go task. Findings from this study showed that SMA-M1 connectivity was reduced in older than in younger adults, suggesting that the direct excitatory connections between SMA and M1 had reduced efficacy in older than younger adults. Furthermore, greater SMA-M1 connectivity was associated with better bimanual motor control in older adults. Thus, SMA-M1 connectivity in older adults might underpin, in part, the age-related decline in bilateral motor control. These findings contribute to our understanding of age-related declines in motor control and provide a physiological basis for the development of interventions to improve bimanual and bilateral motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Rurak
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Brian D Power
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine Fremantle, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Vallence
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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27
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Rurak BK, Rodrigues JP, Power BD, Drummond PD, Vallence AM. Test Re-test Reliability of Dual-site TMS Measures of SMA-M1 Connectivity Differs Across Inter-stimulus Intervals in Younger and Older Adults. Neuroscience 2021; 472:11-24. [PMID: 34333064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising tool to measure supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (SMA-M1) connectivity in younger and older adults, and could be used to understand the pathophysiology of movement disorders. However, test re-test reliability of dual-site TMS measures of SMA-M1 connectivity has not been established. We examined the reliability of SMA-M1 connectivity using dual-site TMS in two sessions in 30 younger and 30 older adults. For dual-site TMS, a conditioning pulse delivered to SMA (140% of active motor threshold) preceded a test pulse delivered to M1 (intensity that elicited MEPs of ~1 mV) by inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) of 6 ms, 7 ms, and 8 ms. Moderate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were found for SMA-M1 connectivity at an ISI of 7 ms in younger (ICC: 0.69) and older adults (ICC: 0.68). Poor ICCs were found for SMA-M1 connectivity at ISIs of 6 ms and 8 ms in both age groups (ICC range: 0.01-0.40). We report evidence for stable measures of SMA-M1 connectivity at an ISI of 7 ms in both age groups. These findings are foundational for future research developing evidence-based interventions to strengthen SMA-M1 connectivity to improve bilateral motor control in older adults and populations with movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Rurak
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
| | | | - B D Power
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine Fremantle, University of Notre Dame, Australia
| | - P D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - A M Vallence
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch 6150, Australia
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28
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Guidali G, Roncoroni C, Bolognini N. Paired associative stimulations: Novel tools for interacting with sensory and motor cortical plasticity. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113484. [PMID: 34302877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the early 2000s, a novel non-invasive brain stimulation protocol, the paired associative stimulation (PAS), was introduced, allowing to induce and investigate Hebbian associative plasticity within the humans' motor system, with patterns resembling spike-timing-dependent plasticity properties found in cellular models. Since this evidence, PAS efficacy has been proved in healthy, and to a lesser extent, in clinical populations. Recently, novel 'modified' protocols targeting sensorimotor and crossmodal networks appeared in the literature. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances using these 'modified' PAS protocols targeting sensory and motor cortical networks. To better categorize them, we propose a novel classification according to the nature of the peripheral and cortical stimulations (i.e., within-system, cross-systems, and cortico-cortical PAS). For each protocol of the categories mentioned above, we describe and discuss their main features, how they have been used to study and promote brain plasticity, and their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, current evidence suggests that these novel non-invasive brain stimulation protocols represent very promising tools to study the plastic properties of humans' sensorimotor and crossmodal networks, both in the healthy and in the damaged central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guidali
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Camilla Roncoroni
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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29
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Koch G. Response letter to comments on "Cortico-cortical connectivity: the road from basic neurophysiological interactions to therapeutic applications" by Zibman and Zangen. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1685-1686. [PMID: 33928398 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Koch
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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30
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Guidali G, Roncoroni C, Bolognini N. Modulating Frontal Networks' Timing-Dependent-Like Plasticity With Paired Associative Stimulation Protocols: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:658723. [PMID: 33967723 PMCID: PMC8100231 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.658723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the early 2000s, paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocols have been used in humans to study brain connectivity in motor and sensory networks by exploiting the intrinsic properties of timing-dependent cortical plasticity. In the last 10 years, PAS have also been developed to investigate the plastic properties of complex cerebral systems, such as the frontal ones, with promising results. In the present work, we review the most recent advances of this technique, focusing on protocols targeting frontal cortices to investigate connectivity and its plastic properties, subtending high-order cognitive functions like memory, decision-making, attentional, or emotional processing. Overall, current evidence reveals that PAS can be effectively used to assess, enhance or depress physiological connectivity within frontal networks in a timing-dependent way, in turn modulating cognitive processing in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guidali
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camilla Roncoroni
- Department of Psychology, NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Cao KX, Ma ML, Wang CZ, Iqbal J, Si JJ, Xue YX, Yang JL. TMS-EEG: An emerging tool to study the neurophysiologic biomarkers of psychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108574. [PMID: 33894219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of psychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. The exploration of the neurobiological mechanisms of mental illness helps improve diagnostic efficacy and develop new therapies. This review focuses on the application of concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) in various mental diseases, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorder, and insomnia. First, we summarize the commonly used protocols and output measures of TMS-EEG; then, we review the literature exploring the alterations in neural patterns, particularly cortical excitability, plasticity, and connectivity alterations, and studies that predict treatment responses and clinical states in mental disorders using TMS-EEG. Finally, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying TMS-EEG in establishing biomarkers for psychiatric disorders and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Cao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Liang Ma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng-Zhan Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Javed Iqbal
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji-Jian Si
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and Neuroscience, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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32
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Rurak BK, Rodrigues JP, Power BD, Drummond PD, Vallence AM. Reduced Cerebellar Brain Inhibition Measured Using Dual-Site TMS in Older Than in Younger Adults. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:23-38. [PMID: 33880658 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure the cerebellar inhibitory influence on the primary motor cortex, known as cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), which is thought to be important for motor control. The aim of this study was to determine whether age-related differences in CBI (measured at rest) were associated with an age-related decline in bilateral motor control measured using the Purdue Pegboard task, the Four Square Step Test, and a 10-m walk. In addition, we examined test re-test reliability of CBI measured using dual-site TMS with a figure-of-eight coil in two sessions. There were three novel findings. First, CBI was less in older than in younger adults, which is likely underpinned by an age-related loss of Purkinje cells. Second, greater CBI was associated with faster 10-m walking performance in older adults, but slower 10-m walking performance in younger adults. Third, moderate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs: 0.53) were found for CBI in younger adults; poor ICCs were found for CBI (ICC: 0.40) in older adults. Together, these results have important implications for the use of dual-site TMS to increase our understanding of age- and disease-related changes in cortical motor networks, and the role of functional connectivity in motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Rurak
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia. .,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | | | - B D Power
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine Fremantle, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - A M Vallence
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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33
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Fotia F, Cooke J, Van Dam L, Ferri F, Romei V. The temporal sensitivity to the tactile-induced double flash illusion mediates the impact of beta oscillations on schizotypal personality traits. Conscious Cogn 2021; 91:103121. [PMID: 33853020 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coherent experience of the self and the world depends on the ability to integrate vs. segregate sensory information. Optimal temporal integration between the senses is mediated by oscillatory properties of neural activity. Previous research showed reduced temporal sensitivity to multisensory events in schizotypy, a personality trait linked to schizophrenia. Here we used the tactile-induced Double-Flash-Illusion (tDFI) to investigate the tactile-to-visual temporal sensitivity in schizotypy, as indexed by the temporal window of illusion (TWI) and its neural underpinnings. We measured EEG oscillations within the beta band, recently shown to correlate with the tDFI. We found individuals with higher schizotypal traits to have wider TWI and slower beta waves accounting for the temporal window within which they perceive the illusion. Our results indicate reduced tactile-to-visual temporal sensitivity to mediate the effect of slowed oscillatory beta activity on schizotypal personality traits. We conclude that slowed oscillatory patterns might constitute an early marker for psychosis proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Universita' di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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34
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Orban GA, Lanzilotto M, Bonini L. From Observed Action Identity to Social Affordances. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:493-505. [PMID: 33745819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Others' observed actions cause continuously changing retinal images, making it challenging to build neural representations of action identity. The monkey anterior intraparietal area (AIP) and its putative human homologue (phAIP) host neurons selective for observed manipulative actions (OMAs). The neuronal activity of both AIP and phAIP allows a stable readout of OMA identity across visual formats, but human neurons exhibit greater invariance and generalize from observed actions to action verbs. These properties stem from the convergence in AIP of superior temporal signals concerning: (i) observed body movements; and (ii) the changes in the body-object relationship. We propose that evolutionarily preserved mechanisms underlie the specification of observed-actions identity and the selection of motor responses afforded by them, thereby promoting social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Orban
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Lanzilotto
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Bonini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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35
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Clos P, Lepers R, Garnier YM. Locomotor activities as a way of inducing neuroplasticity: insights from conventional approaches and perspectives on eccentric exercises. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:697-706. [PMID: 33389143 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticospinal excitability, and particularly the balance between cortical inhibitory and excitatory processes (assessed in a muscle using single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation), are affected by neurodegenerative pathologies or following a stroke. This review describes how locomotor exercises may counterbalance these neuroplastic alterations, either when performed under its conventional form (e.g., walking or cycling) or when comprising eccentric (i.e., active lengthening) muscle contractions. Non-fatiguing conventional locomotor exercise decreases intracortical inhibition and/or increases intracortical facilitation. These modifications notably seem to be a consequence of neurotrophic factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) resulting from the hemodynamic solicitation. Furthermore, it can be inferred from non-invasive brain and peripheral stimulation studies that repeated activation of neural networks can endogenously shape neuroplasticity. Such mechanisms could also occur following eccentric exercises (lengthening of the muscle), during which motor-related cortical potential (electroencephalography) is of greater magnitude and lasts longer than during concentric exercises (i.e., muscle shortening). As single-joint eccentric exercise decreased short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition and increased intracortical facilitation, locomotor eccentric exercise (e.g., downhill walking or eccentric cycling) may be even more potent by adding hemodynamic-related neuroplastic processes to endogenous processes. Besides, eccentric exercise is especially useful to develop relatively high force levels at low cardiorespiratory and perceived intensities, which can be a training goal alongside the induction of neuroplastic changes. Even though indirect evidence let us think that locomotor eccentric exercise could shape neuroplasticity in ways relevant to neurorehabilitation, its efficacy remains speculative. We provide future research directions on the neuroplastic effects and underlying mechanisms of locomotor exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Clos
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Yoann M Garnier
- Clermont-Auvergne University, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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36
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Brüchle W, Schwarzer C, Berns C, Scho S, Schneefeld J, Koester D, Schack T, Schneider U, Rosenkranz K. Physical Activity Reduces Clinical Symptoms and Restores Neuroplasticity in Major Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:660642. [PMID: 34177647 PMCID: PMC8219854 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common mental disorder and deficits in neuroplasticity are discussed as one pathophysiological mechanism. Physical activity (PA) enhances neuroplasticity in healthy subjects and improves clinical symptoms of MDD. However, it is unclear whether this clinical effect of PA is due to restoring deficient neuroplasticity in MDD. We investigated the effect of a 3-week PA program applied on clinical symptoms, motor excitability and plasticity, and on cognition in patients with MDD (N = 23), in comparison to a control intervention (CI; N = 18). Before and after the interventions, the clinical symptom severity was tested using self- (BDI-II) and investigator- (HAMD-17) rated scales, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols were used to test motor excitability and paired-associative stimulation (PAS) to test long-term-potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity. Additionally, cognitive functions such as attention, working memory and executive functions were tested. After the interventions, the BDI-II and HAMD-17 decreased significantly in both groups, but the decrease in HAMD-17 was significantly stronger in the PA group. Cognition did not change notably in either group. Motor excitability did not differ between the groups and remained unchanged by either intervention. Baseline levels of LTP-like plasticity in the motor cortex were low in both groups (PA: 113.40 ± 2.55%; CI: 116.83 ± 3.70%) and increased significantly after PA (155.06 ± 10.48%) but not after CI (122.01 ± 4.1%). Higher baseline BDI-II scores were correlated with lower levels of neuroplasticity. Importantly, the more the BDI-II score decreased during the interventions, the stronger did neuroplasticity increase. The latter effect was particularly strong after PA (r = -0.835; p < 0.001). The level of neuroplasticity related specifically to the psychological/affective items, which are tested predominantly in the BDI-II. However, the significant clinical difference in the intervention effects was shown in the HAMD-17 which focuses more on somatic/neurovegetative items known to improve earlier in the course of MDD. In summary, PA improved symptoms of MDD and restored the deficient neuroplasticity. Importantly, both changes were strongly related on the individual patients' level, highlighting the key role of neuroplasticity in the pathophysiology and the clinical relevance of neuroplasticity-enhancing interventions for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanja Brüchle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie Luebbecke, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Schwarzer
- Neurocognition and Action Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christina Berns
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie Luebbecke, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scho
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie Luebbecke, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jessica Schneefeld
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie Luebbecke, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Koester
- Neurocognition and Action Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Business Psychology, Faculty Business and Management, BSP Business School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schack
- Neurocognition and Action Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Udo Schneider
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie Luebbecke, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karin Rosenkranz
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie Luebbecke, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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37
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Rossi S, Antal A, Bestmann S, Bikson M, Brewer C, Brockmöller J, Carpenter LL, Cincotta M, Chen R, Daskalakis JD, Di Lazzaro V, Fox MD, George MS, Gilbert D, Kimiskidis VK, Koch G, Ilmoniemi RJ, Lefaucheur JP, Leocani L, Lisanby SH, Miniussi C, Padberg F, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Quartarone A, Rotenberg A, Rothwell J, Rossini PM, Santarnecchi E, Shafi MM, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Wassermann EM, Zangen A, Ziemann U, Hallett M. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:269-306. [PMID: 33243615 PMCID: PMC9094636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) in October 2018. The meeting intended to update the ten-year-old safety guidelines for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical settings (Rossi et al., 2009). Therefore, only emerging and new issues are covered in detail, leaving still valid the 2009 recommendations regarding the description of conventional or patterned TMS protocols, the screening of subjects/patients, the need of neurophysiological monitoring for new protocols, the utilization of reference thresholds of stimulation, the managing of seizures and the list of minor side effects. New issues discussed in detail from the meeting up to April 2020 are safety issues of recently developed stimulation devices and pulse configurations; duties and responsibility of device makers; novel scenarios of TMS applications such as in the neuroimaging context or imaging-guided and robot-guided TMS; TMS interleaved with transcranial electrical stimulation; safety during paired associative stimulation interventions; and risks of using TMS to induce therapeutic seizures (magnetic seizure therapy). An update on the possible induction of seizures, theoretically the most serious risk of TMS, is provided. It has become apparent that such a risk is low, even in patients taking drugs acting on the central nervous system, at least with the use of traditional stimulation parameters and focal coils for which large data sets are available. Finally, new operational guidelines are provided for safety in planning future trials based on traditional and patterned TMS protocols, as well as a summary of the minimal training requirements for operators, and a note on ethics of neuroenhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rossi
- Department of Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (SI-BIN Lab), University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany; Institue of Medical Psychology, Otto-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Department of Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen Brewer
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Butler Hospital, Brown University Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence - Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeff D Daskalakis
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Donald Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vasilios K Kimiskidis
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Greece
| | | | - Risto J Ilmoniemi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jean Pascal Lefaucheur
- EA 4391, ENT Team, Faculty of Medicine, Paris Est Creteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (APHP), Créteil, France
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Sarah H Lisanby
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Guttmann Brain Health Institut, Institut Guttmann, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Rothwell
- Department of Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Pisana, Roma, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshikatzu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Zlotowski Center of Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Cerebral Cortical Activity Following Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation-a Systematic Review of Combined TMS and EEG Studies. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 19:309-335. [PMID: 31907864 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum sends dense projections to both motor and non-motor regions of the cerebral cortex via the cerebellarthalamocortical tract. The integrity of this tract is crucial for healthy motor and cognitive function. This systematic review examines research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the cerebellum with combined cortical electroencephalography (EEG) to explore the temporal features of cerebellar-cortical connectivity. A detailed discussion of the outcomes and limitations of the studies meeting review criteria is presented. Databases were searched between 1 December 2017 and 6 December 2017, with Scopus alerts current as of 23 July 2019. Of the 407 studies initially identified, 10 met review criteria. Findings suggested that cerebellar-cortical assessment is suited to combined TMS and EEG, although work is required to ensure experimental procedures are optimal for eliciting a reliable cerebellar response from stimulation. A distinct variation in methodologies and outcome measures employed across studies, and small sample sizes limited the conclusions that could be drawn regarding the electrophysiological signatures of cerebellar-cortical communication. This review highlights the need for stringent protocols and methodologies for cerebellar-cortical assessments via combined TMS and EEG. With these in place, combined TMS and EEG will provide a valuable means for exploring cerebellar connectivity with a wide range of cortical sites. Assessments have the potential to aid in the understanding of motor and cognitive function in both healthy and clinical groups, and provide insights into long-range neural communication generally.
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Abstract
The development of the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the study of psychological functions has entered a new phase of sophistication. This is largely due to an increasing physiological knowledge of its effects and to its being used in combination with other experimental techniques. This review presents the current state of our understanding of the mechanisms of TMS in the context of designing and interpreting psychological experiments. We discuss the major conceptual advances in behavioral studies using TMS. There are meaningful physiological and technical achievements to review, as well as a wealth of new perceptual and cognitive experiments. In doing so we summarize the different uses and challenges of TMS in mental chronometry, perception, awareness, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pitcher
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;
| | - Beth Parkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom;
| | - Vincent Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom;
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40
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Berns C, Brüchle W, Scho S, Schneefeld J, Schneider U, Rosenkranz K. Intensity dependent effect of cognitive training on motor cortical plasticity and cognitive performance in humans. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2805-2818. [PMID: 33025030 PMCID: PMC7644474 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Intervention-induced neuroplastic changes within the motor or cognitive system have been shown in the human brain. While cognitive and motor brain areas are densely interconnected, it is unclear whether this interconnectivity allows for a shared susceptibility to neuroplastic changes. Using the preparation for a theoretical exam as training intervention that primarily engages the cognitive system, we tested the hypothesis whether neuroplasticity acts across interconnected brain areas by investigating the effect on excitability and synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex. 39 healthy students (23 female) underwent 4 weeks of cognitive training while revision time, physical activity, concentration, fatigue, sleep quality and stress were monitored. Before and after cognitive training, cognitive performance was evaluated, as well as motor excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation and long-term-potentiation-like (LTP-like) plasticity using paired-associative-stimulation (PAS). Cognitive training ranged individually from 1 to 7 h/day and enhanced attention and verbal working memory. While motor excitability did not change, LTP-like plasticity increased in an intensity-depending manner: the longer the daily revision time, the smaller the increase of neuroplasticity, and vice versa. This effect was not influenced by physical activity, concentration, fatigue, sleep quality or stress. Motor cortical plasticity is strengthened by a behavioural intervention that primarily engages cognitive brain areas. We suggest that this effect is due to an enhanced susceptibility to LTP-like plasticity, probably induced by heterosynaptic activity that modulates postsynaptic excitability in motorcortical neurones. The smaller increase of PAS efficiency with higher cognitive training intensity suggests a mechanism that balances and stabilises the susceptibility for synaptic potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Berns
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Wanja Brüchle
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scho
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Jessica Schneefeld
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Udo Schneider
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Karin Rosenkranz
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany.
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41
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Koch G. Cortico-cortical connectivity: the road from basic neurophysiological interactions to therapeutic applications. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1677-1684. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Sabel BA, Thut G, Haueisen J, Henrich-Noack P, Herrmann CS, Hunold A, Kammer T, Matteo B, Sergeeva EG, Waleszczyk W, Antal A. Vision modulation, plasticity and restoration using non-invasive brain stimulation – An IFCN-sponsored review. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:887-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Paired Associative Stimulation Rewired: A Novel Paradigm to Modulate Resting-State Intracortical Connectivity. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging research has demonstrated that resting-state intracortical connectivity (i.e., the shared communication between two brain regions) can serve as a robust predictor of motor performance and learning. Theoretically, direct modulation of resting-state intracortical connectivity within the motor system could then improve motor performance and learning. However, previous neuromodulation techniques such as repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation may be limited in the capacity to modulate targeted intracortical connectivity. Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) has shown efficacy in facilitating connectivity primarily between the central and peripheral nervous system based on the neuroplasticity mechanism of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity. It may therefore be plausible for a reconfigured corticocortical PAS paradigm to modulate resting-state intracortical connectivity using a dual stimulator methodology over specific cortical nodes. However, potential theoretical and technological considerations of such a paradigm first need to be addressed prior to application for the purposes of manipulating motor behavior. We posit a corticocortical PAS paradigm used in conjunction with resting-state electroencephalography to demonstrate efficacy of potentiating motor learning associated resting-state intracortical connectivity within the human brain. Here we provide a precise PAS/EEG experimental design, details on data analysis, recommendations for maintaining scientific rigor, and preliminary proof of principle within a single-subject.
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44
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Momi D, Neri F, Coiro G, Smeralda C, Veniero D, Sprugnoli G, Rossi A, Pascual-Leone A, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. Cognitive Enhancement via Network-Targeted Cortico-cortical Associative Brain Stimulation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1516-1527. [PMID: 31667497 PMCID: PMC7132941 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid intelligence (gf) represents a crucial component of human cognition, as it correlates with academic achievement, successful aging, and longevity. However, it has strong resilience against enhancement interventions, making the identification of gf enhancement approaches a key unmet goal of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we applied a spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)-inducing brain stimulation protocol, named cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (cc-PAS), to modulate gf in 29 healthy young subjects (13 females-mean ± standard deviation, 25.43 years ± 3.69), based on dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Pairs of neuronavigated TMS pulses (10-ms interval) were delivered over two frontoparietal nodes of the gf network, based on individual functional magnetic resonance imaging data and in accordance with cognitive models of information processing across the prefrontal and parietal lobe. cc-PAS enhanced accuracy at gf tasks, with parieto-frontal and fronto-parietal stimulation significantly increasing logical and relational reasoning, respectively. Results suggest the possibility of using SPTD-inducing TMS protocols to causally validate cognitive models by selectively engaging relevant networks and manipulating inter-regional temporal dynamics supporting specific cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Momi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F Neri
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Coiro
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C Smeralda
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - D Veniero
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - G Sprugnoli
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - S Rossi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - E Santarnecchi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena School of Medicine, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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45
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Guerra A, López-Alonso V, Cheeran B, Suppa A. Variability in non-invasive brain stimulation studies: Reasons and results. Neurosci Lett 2020; 719:133330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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46
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Noda Y. Toward the establishment of neurophysiological indicators for neuropsychiatric disorders using transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials: A systematic review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:12-34. [PMID: 31587446 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can depolarize the neurons directly under the coil when applied to the cerebral cortex, and modulate the neural circuit associated with the stimulation site, which makes it possible to measure the neurophysiological index to evaluate excitability and inhibitory functions. Concurrent TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has been developed to assess the neurophysiological characteristics of cortical regions other than the motor cortical region noninvasively. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss TMS-EEG research in the healthy brain focused on excitability, inhibition, and plasticity following neuromodulatory TMS paradigms from a neurophysiological perspective. A search was conducted in PubMed to identify articles that examined humans and that were written in English and published by September 2018. The search terms were as follows: (TMS OR 'transcranial magnetic stimulation') AND (EEG OR electroencephalog*) NOT (rTMS OR 'repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation' OR TBS OR 'theta burst stimulation') AND (healthy). The study presents an overview of TMS-EEG methodology and neurophysiological indices and reviews previous findings from TMS-EEG in healthy individuals. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential application of TMS-EEG neurophysiology in the clinical setting to study healthy and diseased brain conditions in the future. Combined TMS-EEG is a powerful tool to probe and map neural circuits in the human brain noninvasively and represents a promising approach for determining the underlying pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Noda
- Multidisciplinary Translational Research Lab, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Hui J, Lioumis P, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ. Non-invasive Central Neuromodulation with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34906-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246193. [PMID: 31817968 PMCID: PMC6940892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of brain network connectivity improved understanding on brain changes and adaptation in response to different pathologies. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to modify their connections, is involved in brain network remodeling following different types of brain damage (e.g., vascular, neurodegenerative, inflammatory). Although synaptic plasticity mechanisms have been extensively elucidated, how neural plasticity can shape network organization is far from being completely understood. Similarities existing between synaptic plasticity and principles governing brain network organization could be helpful to define brain network properties and reorganization profiles after damage. In this review, we discuss how different forms of synaptic plasticity, including homeostatic and anti-homeostatic mechanisms, could be directly involved in generating specific brain network characteristics. We propose that long-term potentiation could represent the neurophysiological basis for the formation of highly connected nodes (hubs). Conversely, homeostatic plasticity may contribute to stabilize network activity preventing poor and excessive connectivity in the peripheral nodes. In addition, synaptic plasticity dysfunction may drive brain network disruption in neuropsychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Optimal network architecture, characterized by efficient information processing and resilience, and reorganization after damage strictly depend on the balance between these forms of plasticity.
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49
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Desideri D, Zrenner C, Ziemann U, Belardinelli P. Phase of sensorimotor μ-oscillation modulates cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. J Physiol 2019; 597:5671-5686. [PMID: 31535388 DOI: 10.1113/jp278638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Oscillatory brain activity coordinates the response of cortical neurons to synaptic inputs in a phase-dependent manner. Larger motor-evoked responses are obtained in a hand muscle when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is synchronized to the phase of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm. In this study we further showed that TMS applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the μ-rhythm is associated with higher absolute amplitude of the evoked EEG potential at 100 ms after stimulation. This demonstrates that cortical responses are sensitive to excitability fluctuation with brain oscillations Our results indicate that brain state-dependent stimulation is a new useful technique for the investigation of stimulus-related cortical dynamics. ABSTRACT Oscillatory brain activity coordinates the response of cortical neurons to synaptic inputs in a phase-dependent manner. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human primary motor cortex elicits larger motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) when applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm recorded with EEG, demonstrating that this phase represents a state of higher excitability of the cortico-spinal system. Here, we investigated the influence of the phase of the μ-rhythm on cortical responses to TMS as measured by EEG. We tested different stimulation intensities above and below resting motor threshold (RMT), and a realistic sham TMS condition. TMS at 110% RMT applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the μ-rhythm was associated with higher absolute amplitudes of TMS-evoked potentials at 70 ms (P70) and 100 ms (N100). Enhancement of the N100 was confirmed with negative peak-triggered 90% RMT TMS, while phase of the μ-rhythm did not influence evoked responses elicited by sham TMS. These findings extend the idea that TMS applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the endogenous μ-oscillation recruits a larger portion of neurons as a function of stimulation intensity. This further corroborates that brain oscillations determine fluctuations in cortical excitability and establishes phase-triggered EEG-TMS as a sensitive tool to investigate the effects of brain oscillations on stimulus-related cortical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Desideri
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Zrenner
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paolo Belardinelli
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Kato D, Wake H, Lee PR, Tachibana Y, Ono R, Sugio S, Tsuji Y, Tanaka YH, Tanaka YR, Masamizu Y, Hira R, Moorhouse AJ, Tamamaki N, Ikenaka K, Matsukawa N, Fields RD, Nabekura J, Matsuzaki M. Motor learning requires myelination to reduce asynchrony and spontaneity in neural activity. Glia 2019; 68:193-210. [PMID: 31465122 PMCID: PMC6899965 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myelination increases the conduction velocity in long‐range axons and is prerequisite for many brain functions. Impaired myelin regulation or impairment of myelin itself is frequently associated with deficits in learning and cognition in neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, it has not been revealed what perturbation of neural activity induced by myelin impairment causes learning deficits. Here, we measured neural activity in the motor cortex during motor learning in transgenic mice with a subtle impairment of their myelin. This deficit in myelin impaired motor learning, and was accompanied by a decrease in the amplitude of movement‐related activity and an increase in the frequency of spontaneous activity. Thalamocortical axons showed variability in axonal conduction with a large spread in the timing of postsynaptic cortical responses. Repetitive pairing of forelimb movements with optogenetic stimulation of thalamocortical axon terminals restored motor learning. Thus, myelin regulation helps to maintain the synchrony of cortical spike‐time arrivals through long‐range axons, facilitating the propagation of the information required for learning. Our results revealed the pathological neuronal circuit activity with impaired myelin and suggest the possibility that pairing of noninvasive brain stimulation with relevant behaviors may ameliorate cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in diseases with impaired myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kato
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Philip R Lee
- Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yoshihisa Tachibana
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Riho Ono
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shouta Sugio
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukio Tsuji
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyo H Tanaka
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro R Tanaka
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Masamizu
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riichiro Hira
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Andrew J Moorhouse
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nobuaki Tamamaki
- Department of Morphological Neural Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R Douglas Fields
- Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate School for Advanced Study, Hayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuzaki
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate School for Advanced Study, Hayama, Japan
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