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Singh AA, Yadav D, Khan F, Song M. Indole-3-Carbinol and Its Derivatives as Neuroprotective Modulators. Brain Sci 2024; 14:674. [PMID: 39061415 PMCID: PMC11274471 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway play pivotal roles in the resilience and action of antidepressant drugs, making them prominent targets in psychiatric research. Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and mental illnesses, and exacerbates the aging process. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) serves as the primary cellular defense mechanism against OS-induced brain damage. Thus, Nrf2 activation may confer endogenous neuroprotection against OS-related cellular damage; notably, the TrkB/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, stimulated by BDNF-dependent TrkB signaling, activates Nrf2 and promotes its nuclear translocation. However, insufficient neurotrophin support often leads to the downregulation of the TrkB signaling pathway in brain diseases. Thus, targeting TrkB activation and the Nrf2-ARE system is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Phytochemicals, including indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its metabolite, diindolylmethane (DIM), exhibit neuroprotective effects through BDNF's mimetic activity; Akt phosphorylation is induced, and the antioxidant defense mechanism is activated by blocking the Nrf2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) complex. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of I3C and its derivatives for concurrently activating neuronal defense mechanisms in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Ashok Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.A.S.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.A.S.); (D.Y.)
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
- International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.A.S.); (D.Y.)
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Onisiforou A, Christodoulou CC, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Zanos P, Georgiou P. Transcriptomic analysis reveals sex-specific patterns in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1345498. [PMID: 38689734 PMCID: PMC11058985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1345498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The hippocampus, vital for memory and learning, is among the first brain regions affected in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and exhibits adult neurogenesis. Women face twice the risk of developing AD compare to men, making it crucial to understand sex differences in hippocampal function for comprehending AD susceptibility. Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis of bulk mRNA postmortem samples from the whole hippocampus (GSE48350, GSE5281) and its CA1 and CA3 subfields (GSE29378). Our aim was to perform a comparative molecular signatures analysis, investigating sex-specific differences and similarities in the hippocampus and its subfields in AD. This involved comparing the gene expression profiles among: (a) male controls (M-controls) vs. female controls (F-controls), (b) females with AD (F-AD) vs. F-controls, (c) males with AD (M-AD) vs. M-controls, and (d) M-AD vs. F-AD. Furthermore, we identified AD susceptibility genes interacting with key targets of menopause hormone replacement drugs, specifically the ESR1 and ESR2 genes, along with GPER1. Results The hippocampal analysis revealed contrasting patterns between M-AD vs. M-controls and F-AD vs. F-controls, as well as M-controls vs. F-controls. Notably, BACE1, a key enzyme linked to amyloid-beta production in AD pathology, was found to be upregulated in M-controls compared to F-controls in both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subfields. In M-AD vs. M-controls, the GABAergic synapse was downregulated, and the Estrogen signaling pathway was upregulated in both subfields, unlike in F-AD vs. F-controls. Analysis of the whole hippocampus also revealed upregulation of the GABAergic synapse in F-AD vs. F-controls. While direct comparison of M-AD vs. F-AD, revealed a small upregulation of the ESR1 gene in the CA1 subfield of males. Conversely, F-AD vs. F-controls exhibited downregulation of the Dopaminergic synapse in both subfields, while the Calcium signaling pathway showed mixed regulation, being upregulated in CA1 but downregulated in CA3, unlike in M-AD vs. M-controls. The upregulated Estrogen signaling pathway in M-AD, suggests a compensatory response to neurodegenerative specifically in males with AD. Our results also identified potential susceptibility genes interacting with ESR1 and ESR2, including MAPK1, IGF1, AKT1, TP53 and CD44. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of sex-specific disease mechanisms in AD pathogenesis. Region-specific analysis offers a more detailed examination of localized changes in the hippocampus, enabling to capture sex-specific molecular patterns in AD susceptibility and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onisiforou
- Translational Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Panos Zanos
- Translational Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Psychoneuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Trout AL, McLouth CJ, Westberry JM, Sengoku T, Wilson ME. Estrogen's sex-specific effects on ischemic cell death and estrogen receptor mRNA expression in rat cortical organotypic explants. AGING BRAIN 2024; 5:100117. [PMID: 38650743 PMCID: PMC11033203 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2024.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, such as the biologically active 17-β estradiol (E2), regulate not only reproductive behaviors in adults, but also influence neurodevelopment and neuroprotection in both females and males. E2, contingent upon the timing and concentration of the therapy, is neuroprotective in female and male rodent models of stroke. In Vivo studies suggest that E2 may partially mediate this neuroprotection, particularly in the cortex, via ERα. In Vitro studies, utilizing a chemically induced ischemic injury in cortical explants from both sexes, suggest that ERα or ERβ signaling is needed to mediate the E2 protection. Since we know that the timing and concentration of E2 therapy may be sex-specific, we examined if E2 (1 nM) mediates neuroprotection when female and male cortical explants are separately isolated from postnatal day (PND) 3-4 rat. Changes in basal levels ERα, ERβ, and AR mRNA expression are compared across early post-natal development in the intact cortex and the corresponding days in vitro (DIV) for cortical explants. Following ischemic injury at 7 DIV, cell death and ERα, ERβ and AR mRNA expression was compared in female and male cortical explants. We provide evidence that E2-mediated protection is maintained in isolated cortical explants from females, but not male rats. In female cortical explants, the E2-mediated protection at 24 h occurs secondarily to a blunted transient increase in ERα mRNA at 12 h. These results suggest that cortical E2-mediated protection is influenced by sex and supports data to differentially treat females and males following ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Trout
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Christopher J McLouth
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jenne M. Westberry
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Tomoko Sengoku
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Melinda E. Wilson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Heimovics S, Rubin N, Ford M. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases undirected singing behavior and alters dopaminergic regulation of undirected song in non-breeding male European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153085. [PMID: 37234810 PMCID: PMC10206333 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been proposed that in species that defend territories across multiple life history stages, brain metabolism of adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) regulates aggressive behavior at times when gonadal androgen synthesis is low (i.e. the non-breeding season). To date, a role for DHEA in the regulation of other forms of social behavior that are expressed outside of the context of breeding remains unknown. Methods In this experiment, we used the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) model system to investigate a role for DHEA in the neuroendocrine regulation of singing behavior by males in non-breeding condition. Starling song in a non-breeding context is spontaneous, not directed towards conspecifics, and functions to maintain cohesion of overwintering flocks. Results Using within-subjects design, we found that DHEA implants significantly increase undirected singing behavior by non-breeding condition male starlings. Given that DHEA is known to modulate multiple neurotransmitter systems including dopamine (DA) and DA regulates undirected song, we subsequently used immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase (pTH, the active form of the rate-limiting enzyme in DA synthesis) to investigate the effect of DHEA on dopaminergic regulation of singing behavior in a non-breeding context. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive linear association between undirected singing behavior and pTH immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area and midbrain central gray of DHEA-implanted, but not control-implanted, males. Discussion Taken together, these data suggest that undirected singing behavior by non-breeding starlings is modulated by effects of DHEA on dopaminergic neurotransmission. More broadly, these data expand the social behavior functions of DHEA beyond territorial aggression to include undirected, affiliative social communication.
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Jacques C, Floris I. Special Focus on the Cellular Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Several Micro-Immunotherapy Formulations: Considerations Regarding Intestinal-, Immune-Axis-Related- and Neuronal-Inflammation Contexts. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6695-6717. [PMID: 36536643 PMCID: PMC9759027 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s389614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammation is a pernicious underlying status, well-known for its contribution to the progressive development of various diseases. In this regard, Micro-immunotherapy (MI) might be a promising therapeutic strategy. MI employs low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD) of immune regulators in their formulations. In particular, as both IL-1β and TNF-α are often used at ULD in MI medicines (MIM), a special emphasis has been made on formulations that include these factors in their compositions. METHODS Several in vitro models have been employed in order to assess the effects of two unitary MIM consisting of ULD of IL-1β and TNF-α (u-MIM-1 and u-MIM-2, respectively), and four complex MIM (c-MIM-1, -2, -3 and -4) characterized by the presence of ULD of IL-1β and TNF-α amongst other factors. Thus, we first investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of u-MIM-1 and u-MIM-2 in a model of inflamed colon carcinoma cells. In addition, the anti-inflammatory potential of c-MIM-1, -2, -3 and -4, was assessed in in vitro models of intestinal and neuronal inflammation. RESULTS The results revealed that u-MIM-1 and u-MIM-2 both induced a slight decrease in the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α transcripts. Regarding the c-MIMs' effects, c-MIM-1 displayed the capability to restore the altered transepithelial electrical resistance in inflamed-HCoEpiC cells. Moreover, c-MIM-1 also slightly increased the expression of the junction-related protein claudin-1, both at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, our in vitro investigations on c-MIM-2 and c-MIM-3 revealed their immune-modulatory effects in LPS-inflamed human monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes, on the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α, PGE2, and IL-6. Finally, c-MIM-4 restored the cell viability of LPS/IFN-γ-inflamed rat cortical neurons, while reducing the secretion of TNF-α in rat glial cells. DISCUSSION Our results shed the light on the potential role of these MIM formulations in managing several chronic inflammation-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacques
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Nantes, France
| | - Ilaria Floris
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Nantes, France
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Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Reduced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting Inflammasome in Microglia in Mice after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081244. [PMID: 36013423 PMCID: PMC9410391 DOI: 10.3390/life12081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is one of the key events in cerebral ischemia, causing secondary brain injury and neuronal death. Studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key factor in initiating the inflammatory response and that Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) can attenuate the inflammatory response and improve neuronal repair during ischemic stroke. However, whether NBP attenuates the inflammatory response via inhibition of NLRP3 remains unclear. A 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in 62 2-month-old adult male ICR mice, and NBP was administered by gavage zero, one, or two days after ischemia. Brain infarct volume, neurological deficits, NLRP3, microglia, and neuronal death were examined in sacrificed mice to explore the correction between NBP effects and NLRP3 expression. NBP significantly reduced infarct volume and attenuated neurological deficits after ischemic stroke compared to controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, it inhibited ASC+ microglia activation and NLRP3 and CASP1 expression in ischemic mice. In addition, neuronal apoptosis was reduced in NBP-treated microglia cultures (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that NBP attenuates the inflammatory response in ischemic mouse brains, suggesting that NBP protects against microglia activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Buggio L, Barbara G, Facchin F, Ghezzi L, Dridi D, Vercellini P. The influence of hormonal contraception on depression and female sexuality: a narrative review of the literature. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:193-201. [PMID: 34913798 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.2016693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the past decades, an increasing number of women have been using hormonal contraception. The potential role of sex hormones in regulating vegetative, psychophysiological, and cognitive functions has been highlighted in several studies, and there is a need to further understand the impact of hormonal contraception on women's quality of life, especially as regards psychological health and sexuality. METHODS We conducted a narrative review aimed at clarifying the mechanisms involved in the interaction between sex hormones and the brain, also focusing on the association between hormonal contraception and mood and sexual function. RESULTS Our findings clarified that hormonal contraception may be associated with depressive symptoms, especially among adolescents, and with sexual dysfunction. However, the evidence included in this review was conflicting and did not support the hypothesis that hormonal contraception directly causes depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder, or sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The optimal hormonal contraception should be identified in the context of shared decision making, considering the preferences and needs of each woman, as well as her physical and psychosexual conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buggio
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giussy Barbara
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- SVSeD, Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence and Obstetric and Gynecology Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dhouha Dridi
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Vercellini
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Uhl M, Schmeisser MJ, Schumann S. The Sexual Dimorphic Synapse: From Spine Density to Molecular Composition. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:818390. [PMID: 35250477 PMCID: PMC8894598 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.818390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A synaptic sexual dimorphism is relevant in the context of multiple neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Many of these disorders show a different prevalence and progression in woman and man. A similar variance is also present in corresponding animal models. To understand and characterize this dimorphism in pathologies it is important to first understand sex differences in unaffected individuals. Therefore, sexual differences have been studied since 1788, first focusing on brain weight, size, and volume. But as these measures are not directly related to brain function, the investigation of sexual dimorphism also expanded to other organizational levels of the brain. This review is focused on sexual dimorphism at the synaptic level, as these specialized structures are the smallest functional units of the brain, determining cell communication, connectivity, and plasticity. Multiple differences between males and females can be found on the levels of spine density, synaptic morphology, and molecular synapse composition. These differences support the importance of sex-disaggregated data. The specificity of changes to a particular brain region or circuit might support the idea of a mosaic brain, in which each tile individually lies on a continuum from masculinization to feminization. Moreover, synapses can be seen as the smallest tiles of the mosaic determining the classification of larger areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Uhl
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Schmeisser,
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Sven Schumann,
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Phytoestrogen genistein modulates neuron-microglia signaling in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress. Neuropharmacology 2022; 206:108941. [PMID: 34990615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells in the brain, are shown to mediate the crosstalk between psychological stress and depression. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates that sex hormones, particularly estrogen, are involved in the regulation of immune system. In this study, we aimed to understand the potential effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and genistein (GEN), an estrogenic compound of the plant origin, on neuron-microglia interactions in the mouse hippocampus. The time spent in the avoidance zone in the social interaction test was increased by CSDS 1 day after the exposure, while the avoidance behavior returned to control levels 14 days after the CSDS exposure. Similar results were obtained from the elevated plus-maze test. However, the immobility time in the forced swim test was increased by CSDS 14 days after the exposure, and the depression-related behavior was in part alleviated by GEN. The numerical densities of microglia in the hippocampus were increased by CSDS, and they were decreased by GEN. The voxel densities of synaptic structures and synaptic puncta colocalized with microglia were decreased by CSDS, and they were increased by GEN. Neither CSDS nor GEN affected the gene expressions of major pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the expression levels of genes related to neurotrophic factors were decreased by CSDS, and they were partially reversed by GEN. These findings show that GEN may in part alleviate stress-related symptoms, and the effects of GEN may be associated with the modulation of neuron-microglia signaling via chemokines and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus.
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Pokharel S, Gliyazova NS, Dandepally SR, Williams AL, Ibeanu GC. Neuroprotective effects of an in vitro BBB permeable phenoxythiophene sulfonamide small molecule in glutamate-induced oxidative injury. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:79. [PMID: 34938365 PMCID: PMC8688931 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in oxidative stress-associated neuronal cell death during ischemia. Further investigation into the inhibition of excessive ROS generation post-stroke is urgently required for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In the present study, the neuroprotective properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant B355227 were investigated. B355227 is a chemical analogue of B355252, and the role of the phenoxythiophene sulfonamide compound B355227 was further investigated in a glutamate-induced oxidative injury model. An in vitro model of the BBB was established in the immortalized mouse brain capillary endothelial cell line, bEnd.3. Formation of barrier in Transwell inserts was confirmed using EVOM resistance meter and Caffeine, Imatinib and Axitinib were used to validate the efficacy of the model. The validated BBB assay in combination with high performance liquid chromatography were used to analyse and verify the permeability of B355227 through the barrier. The integrity of the cell junctions after the BBB assays were confirmed using immunofluorescence to visualize the expression of the barrier junction protein zonula occludens-1. Cell survival was measured with Resazurin, a redox indicator dye, in HT22, a hippocampal neuronal cell treated with 5 mM glutamate or co-treated with the B355227 recovered from the BBB permeability experiment. Changes in glutathione levels were detected using a glutathione detection kit, while analyses of ROS, calcium (Ca2+), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were accomplished with the fluorescent dyes 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, Fura-2 AM and MitoTracker Red dyes, respectively. Immunoblotting was also performed to detect the expression and activation of Erk1/2, p-38, JNK, Bax and Bcl-2. The results of the present study demonstrated that B355227 crossed the BBB in vitro and protected HT22 from oxidative injury induced by glutamate exposure. Treatment of cells with B355227 blocked the glutamate-dependent depletion of intracellular glutathione and significantly reduced ROS production. Increased Ca2+ influx and subsequent collapse of the MMP was attenuated by B355227. Furthermore, the results of the present study demonstrated that B355227 protected against oxidative stress via the MAPK pathway, by increasing the activation of Erk1/2, JNK and P38, and restoring anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that B355227 has potent antioxidant and neuroprotective attributes in glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Further investigation into the role of B355227 in the modulation of glutamate-dependent oxidative stress is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smritee Pokharel
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Nailya S. Gliyazova
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Srinivasa R. Dandepally
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Alfred L. Williams
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Gordon C. Ibeanu
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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11
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Ellis SN, Honeycutt JA. Sex Differences in Affective Dysfunction and Alterations in Parvalbumin in Rodent Models of Early Life Adversity. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:741454. [PMID: 34803622 PMCID: PMC8600234 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.741454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The early life environment markedly influences brain and behavioral development, with adverse experiences associated with increased risk of anxiety and depressive phenotypes, particularly in females. Indeed, early life adversity (ELA) in humans (i.e., caregiver deprivation, maltreatment) and rodents (i.e., maternal separation, resource scarcity) is associated with sex-specific emergence of anxious and depressive behaviors. Although these disorders show clear sex differences in humans, little attention has been paid toward evaluating sex as a biological variable in models of affective dysfunction; however, recent rodent work suggests sex-specific effects. Two widely used rodent models of ELA approximate caregiver deprivation (i.e., maternal separation) and resource scarcity (i.e., limited bedding). While these approaches model aspects of ELA experienced in humans, they span different portions of the pre-weaning developmental period and may therefore differentially contribute to underlying mechanistic risk. This is borne out in the literature, where evidence suggests differences in trajectories of behavior depending on the type of ELA and/or sex; however, the neural underpinning of these differences is not well understood. Because anxiety and depression are thought to involve dysregulation in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling in ELA-vulnerable brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus), outcomes are likely driven by alterations in local and/or circuit-specific inhibitory activity. The most abundant GABAergic subtypes in the brain, accounting for approximately 40% of inhibitory neurons, contain the calcium-binding protein Parvalbumin (PV). As PV-expressing neurons have perisomatic and proximal dendritic targets on pyramidal neurons, they are well-positioned to regulate excitatory/inhibitory balance. Recent evidence suggests that PV outcomes following ELA are sex, age, and region-specific and may be influenced by the type and timing of ELA. Here, we suggest the possibility of a combined role of PV and sex hormones driving differences in behavioral outcomes associated with affective dysfunction following ELA. This review evaluates the literature across models of ELA to characterize neural (PV) and behavioral (anxiety- and depressive-like) outcomes as a function of sex and age. Additionally, we detail a putative mechanistic role of PV on ELA-related outcomes and discuss evidence suggesting hormone influences on PV expression/function which may help to explain sex differences in ELA outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seneca N Ellis
- Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
| | - Jennifer A Honeycutt
- Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States.,Department of Psychology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
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Sahu R, Upadhayay S, Mehan S. Inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 signaling pathway in the prevention of ALS: Target inhibitors and influences on neurological dysfunctions. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151179. [PMID: 34560374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signal transduction pathways are essential modulators of several physiological and pathological processes in the brain. During overactivation, these signaling processes may lead to disease progression. Abnormal protein kinase activation is associated with several biological dysfunctions that facilitate neurodegeneration under different biological conditions. As a result, these signaling pathways are essential in understanding brain disorders' development or progression. Recent research findings indicate the crucial role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) signaling during the neuronal development process. ERK-1/2 is a key component of its mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) group, controlling certain neurological activities by regulating metabolic pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. ERK-1/2 also influences neuronal elastic properties, nerve growth, and neurological and cognitive processing during brain injuries. The primary goal of this review is to elucidate the activation of ERK1/2 signaling, which is involved in the development of several ALS-related neuropathological dysfunctions. ALS is a rare neurological disorder category that mainly affects the nerve cells responsible for regulating voluntary muscle activity. ALS is progressive, which means that the symptoms are getting worse over time, and there is no cure for ALS and no effective treatment to avoid or reverse. Genetic abnormalities, oligodendrocyte degradation, glial overactivation, and immune deregulation are associated with ALS progression. Furthermore, the current review also identifies ERK-1/2 signaling inhibitors that can promote neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects against the clinical-pathological presentation of ALS. As a result, in the future, the potential ERK-1/2 signaling inhibitors could be used in the treatment of ALS and related neurocomplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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13
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Lavigne EG, Buttigieg D, Steinschneider R, Burstein ES. Pimavanserin Promotes Trophic Factor Release and Protects Cultured Primary Dopaminergic Neurons Exposed to MPP+ in a GDNF-Dependent Manner. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2088-2098. [PMID: 34032411 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration and impaired neural development are a common feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and certain atypical antidepressants display neuroprotective effects. Though these drugs interact with many molecular targets, a common shared attribute is high antagonist potency at 5-HT2A receptors. Pimavanserin is a selective 5-HT2A inverse agonist/antagonist that was recently FDA approved for treating hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease. Unlike SGAs, pimavanserin lacks activity at other targets like dopamine, histamine, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptors. To investigate whether selective 5-HT2A inverse agonists have neuroprotective properties, pimavanserin and another selective 5-HT2A inverse agonist, M100907, were applied to primary cultures of dopaminergic neurons treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Both pimavanserin and M100907 protected dopaminergic neurons against MPP+-induced cell death. The neuroprotective effects of pimavanserin required signaling through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, restored mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative stress. Further investigation showed that pimavanserin promotes the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and that the neuroprotective effects of pimavanserin were blocked by antibodies to GDNF but not by anti-tyrosine receptor kinase B receptor antibodies. Thus, pimavanserin induces release of neurotrophic factors and protects dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ toxicity in a GDNF-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ethan S. Burstein
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., 12830 El Camino Real, Suite 400, San Diego, California 92130, United States
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14
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17-β Estradiol Rescued Immature Rat Brain against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and MAP-Kinase Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060892. [PMID: 34206065 PMCID: PMC8229583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated glutamate signaling, leading to neuronal excitotoxicity and death, has been associated with neurodegenerative pathologies. 17β-estradiol (E2) is a human steroid hormone having a role in reproduction, sexual maturation, brain health and biological activities. The study aimed to explain the neuroprotective role of E2 against glutamate-induced ROS production, MAP kinase-dependent neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus of postnatal day 7 rat brain. Biochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were applied. Our results showed that a single subcutaneous injection of glutamate (10 mg/kg) induced brain oxidative stress after 4 h by disturbing the homeostasis of glutathione (GSH) and revealed an upsurge in ROS and LPO levels and downregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant protein. The glutamate-exposed P7 pups illustrated increased phosphorylation of stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase (p38) and downregulated expression of P-Erk1/2. This was accompanied by pathological neuroinflammation as revealed by enhanced gliosis with upregulated expression of GFAP and Iba-1, and the activation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) in glutamate-injected P7 pups. Moreover, exogenous glutamate also reduced the expression of synaptic markers (PSD-95, SYP) and induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the cortical and hippocampal regions by dysregulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the developing rat brain. On the contrary, co-treatment of E2 (10 mg/kg) with glutamate significantly abrogated brain neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and synapse loss by alleviating brain oxidative stress by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway and by deactivating pro-apoptotic P-JNK/P-p38 and activation of pro-survival P-Erk1/2 MAP kinase pathways. In brief, the data demonstrate the neuroprotective role of E2 against glutamate excitotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration. The study also encourages future studies investigating if E2 may be a potent neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Decoding signaling pathways involved in prolactin-induced neuroprotection: A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100913. [PMID: 33766566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that prolactin (PRL), a pleiotropic hormone, has many functions in the brain, such as maternal behavior, neurogenesis, and neuronal plasticity, among others. Recently, it has been reported to have a significant role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. Glutamate excitotoxicity is a common alteration in many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, leading to neuronal death. In this sense, several efforts have been made to decrease the progression of these pathologies. Despite various reports of PRL's neuroprotective effect against excitotoxicity, the signaling pathways that underlie this mechanism remain unclear. This review aims to describe the most recent and relevant studies on the molecular signaling pathways, particularly, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and JAK2/STAT5, which are currently under investigation and might be implicated in the molecular mechanisms that explain the PRL effects against excitotoxicity and neuroprotection. Remarkable neuroprotective effects of PRL might be useful in the treatment of some neurological diseases.
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16
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Gu Y, Chen X, Fu S, Liu W, Wang Q, Liu KJ, Shen J. Astragali Radix Isoflavones Synergistically Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Via Activating Estrogen Receptor-PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:533028. [PMID: 33692686 PMCID: PMC7937971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.533028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are major neuroprotective components of a medicinal herb Astragali Radix, against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury but the mechanisms of neuroprotection remain unclear. Calycosin and formononetin are two major AR isoflavones while daidzein is the metabolite of formononetin after absorption. Herein, we aim to investigate the synergistic neuroprotective effects of those isoflavones of Astragali Radix against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Calycosin, formononetin and daidzein were organized with different combinations whose effects observed in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In the in vitro study, primary cultured neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation (OGD/RO) or l-glutamate treatment. In the in vivo study, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. All three isoflavones pre-treatment alone decreased brain infarct volume and improved neurological deficits in rats, and dose-dependently attenuated neural death induced by l-glutamate treatment and OGD/RO in cultured neurons. Interestingly, the combined formulas of those isoflavones revealed synergistically activated estrogen receptor (estrogen receptors)-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Using ER antagonist and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor blocked the neuroprotective effects of those isoflavones. In conclusion, isoflavones could synergistically alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via activating ER-PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuping Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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17
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Parkinson's disease in women: Mechanisms underlying sex differences. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173862. [PMID: 33450279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease which is associated with different motor, cognitive and mood-related problems. Though it has been established that Parkinson's disease is less prevalent in women in comparison to men, the differences tend to diminish with the advancing age. Different genetic, hormonal, neuroendocrinal and molecular players contribute towards the differences in the Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, data available with respect to the therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease in females is limited; women often tend to suffer more from the side effects of the currently available drugs. The present review highlights the sex-specific differences which play a role in the manifestation of these symptoms and side effects of the currently available therapeutic strategies. We have also discussed the current and upcoming therapeutic strategies which are in the clinical trials such as adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor antagonists, estrogen replacement therapy, α-synuclein targeting vaccines and antibodies, Botulinum toxin A, Fas-associated factor-1 (FAF-1) inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, 5-HT1A receptor agonists, dopamine D1/D5 receptor agonists, Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues and certain plant based principles for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in women.
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18
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Enriquez KD, Gupta AR, Hoffman EJ. Signaling Pathways and Sex Differential Processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:716673. [PMID: 34690830 PMCID: PMC8531220 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with deficits in social communication and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior, that affect up to 1 in 54 children. ASDs clearly demonstrate a male bias, occurring ~4 times more frequently in males than females, though the basis for this male predominance is not well-understood. In recent years, ASD risk gene discovery has accelerated, with many whole-exome sequencing studies identifying genes that converge on common pathways, such as neuronal communication and regulation of gene expression. ASD genetics studies have suggested that there may be a "female protective effect," such that females may have a higher threshold for ASD risk, yet its etiology is not well-understood. Here, we review common biological pathways implicated by ASD genetics studies as well as recent analyses of sex differential processes in ASD using imaging genomics, transcriptomics, and animal models. Additionally, we discuss recent investigations of ASD risk genes that have suggested a potential role for estrogens as modulators of biological pathways in ASD, and highlight relevant molecular and cellular pathways downstream of estrogen signaling as potential avenues for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Enriquez
- Program on Neurogenetics, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Abha R Gupta
- Program on Neurogenetics, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ellen J Hoffman
- Program on Neurogenetics, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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19
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Sakamoto I, Himi N, Hayashi N, Okabe N, Nakamura-Maruyama E, Tsukamoto I, Hasegawa T, Miyamoto O. The protective effect and mechanism of COA-Cl in acute phase after spinal cord injury. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:114-121. [PMID: 33316301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces severe motor and sensory dysfunction. We previously showed the neuroprotective effects of COA-Cl, a novel synthesized adenosine analog, in a rat stroke model. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of COA-Cl in acute phase of SCI. SCI was induced in rats at the T9 vertebra by using a drop device. Rats were divided into acute and subacute groups. A 5-day dose of 6 mg/kg COA-Cl in saline was given to the acute group immediately after SCI and the subacute group 4 days after SCI. Motor function assessed by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scoring and inclined plane test improved significantly in the acute group while the subacute group did not. Histological evaluation and TUNEL staining revealed that both the cavity volume and apoptosis were significantly decreased in the acute group compared with the subacute group. In addition, pERK/ERK was increased in the acute group 7 days after SCI. These results suggest that COA-Cl exerts neuroprotective effects via the ERK pathway when administered in the acute phase after SCI, resulting in the recovery of motor function. COA-Cl could be a novel therapeutic agent for the acute phase of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Sakamoto
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Himi
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Norito Hayashi
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naohiko Okabe
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Emi Nakamura-Maruyama
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Tsukamoto
- Department of Pharmaco-bio-informatics, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Miyamoto
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Deletraz A, Zéamari K, Hua K, Combes M, Villamena FA, Tuccio B, Callizot N, Durand G. Substituted α-Phenyl and α-Naphthlyl- N- tert-butyl Nitrones: Synthesis, Spin-Trapping, and Neuroprotection Evaluation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6073-6085. [PMID: 32267700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
New derivatives of α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) bearing a hydroxyl, an acetate, or an acetamide substituent on the N-tert-butyl moiety and para-substituted phenyl or naphthlyl moieties were synthesized. Their ability to trap hydroxymethyl radical was evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The presence of two electron-withdrawing substituents on both sides of the nitronyl function improves the spin-trapping properties, with 4-HOOC-PBN-CH2OAc and 4-HOOC-PBN-CH2NHAc being ∼4× more reactive than PBN. The electrochemical properties of the derivatives were further investigated by cyclic voltammetry and showed that the redox potentials of the nitrones are largely influenced by the nature of the substituents both on the aromatic ring and on the N-tert-butyl function. The acetamide derivatives PBN-CH2NHAc, 4-AcNHCH2-PBN-CH2NHAc, and 4-MeO-PBN-CH2NHAc were the easiest to oxidize. A computational approach was used to rationalize the effect of functionalization on the free energies of nitrone reactivity with hydroxymethyl radical as well as on the electron affinity and ionization potential. Finally, the neuroprotection of the derivatives was evaluated in an in vitro model of cellular injury on cortical neurons. Five derivatives showed good protection at very low concentrations (0.1-10 μM), with PBN-CH2NHAc and 4-HOOC-PBN being the two most promising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Deletraz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, Avignon 84916 Cedex 9, France
| | - Kamal Zéamari
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, Avignon 84916 Cedex 9, France
| | - Kangyu Hua
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Maud Combes
- Neuro-Sys, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120 Gardanne, France
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Béatrice Tuccio
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Noelle Callizot
- Neuro-Sys, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120 Gardanne, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, Avignon 84916 Cedex 9, France
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21
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Wen RX, Shen H, Huang SX, Wang LP, Li ZW, Peng P, Mamtilahun M, Tang YH, Shen FX, Tian HL, Yang GY, Zhang ZJ. P2Y6 receptor inhibition aggravates ischemic brain injury by reducing microglial phagocytosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:416-429. [PMID: 32154670 PMCID: PMC7080436 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clearance of damaged cells and debris is beneficial for the functional recovery after ischemic brain injury. However, the specific phagocytic receptor that mediates microglial phagocytosis after ischemic stroke is unknown. Aim To investigate whether P2Y6 receptor‐mediated microglial phagocytosis is beneficial for the debris clearance and functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Results The expression of the P2Y6 receptor in microglia increased within 3 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Inhibition of microglial phagocytosis by the selective inhibitor MRS2578 enlarged the brain atrophy and edema volume after ischemic stroke, subsequently aggravated neurological function as measured by modified neurological severity scores and Grid walking test. MRS2578 treatment had no effect on the expression of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, and MPO after ischemic stroke. Finally, we found that the expression of myosin light chain kinase decreased after microglial phagocytosis inhibition in the ischemic mouse brain, which suggested that myosin light chain kinase was involved in P2Y6 receptor‐mediated phagocytosis. Conclusion Our results indicate that P2Y6 receptor‐mediated microglial phagocytosis plays a beneficial role during the acute stage of ischemic stroke, which can be a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xue Wen
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Xian Huang
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Wei Li
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyassar Mamtilahun
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Hui Tang
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan-Xia Shen
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Liu EY, Zheng ZX, Zheng BZ, Xia Y, Guo MS, Dong TT, Tsim KWK. Tectorigenin, an isoflavone aglycone from the rhizome of
Belamcanda chinensis
, induces neuronal expression of erythropoietin via accumulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α. Phytother Res 2019; 34:1329-1337. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Etta Y. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesSRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Zoey X. Zheng
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Brody Z. Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesSRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Yingjie Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesSRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Maggie S. Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesSRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Tina T. Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesSRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal BioresourcesSRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
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23
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Cox LM, Abou-El-Hassan H, Maghzi AH, Vincentini J, Weiner HL. The sex-specific interaction of the microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146385. [PMID: 31419428 PMCID: PMC6886714 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several neurologic diseases exhibit different prevalence and severity in males and females, highlighting the importance of understanding the influence of biologic sex and gender. Beyond host-intrinsic differences in neurologic development and homeostasis, evidence is now emerging that the microbiota is an important environmental factor that may account for differences between men and women in neurologic disease. The gut microbiota is composed of trillions of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, that can confer benefits to the host or promote disease. There is bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and the brain that is mediated via immunologic, endocrine, and neural signaling pathways. While there is substantial interindividual variation within the microbiota, differences between males and females can be detected. In animal models, sex-specific microbiota differences can affect susceptibility to chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the ways in which neurologic diseases may be regulated by the microbiota in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Amir Hadi Maghzi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Julia Vincentini
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Kreilaus F, Guerra S, Masanetz R, Menne V, Yerbury J, Karl T. Novel behavioural characteristics of the superoxide dismutase 1 G93A (SOD1 G93A ) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis include sex-dependent phenotypes. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12604. [PMID: 31412164 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves the rapid degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons leading to weakening and paralysis of voluntary movements. Mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are a known genetic cause of ALS, and the SOD1 G93A mouse has been used extensively to investigate molecular mechanisms in ALS. In recent years, evidence suggests that ALS and frontotemporal dementia form a spectrum disorder ranging from motor to cognitive dysfunctions. Thus, we tested male and female SOD1 G93A mice for the first time before the onset of debilitating motor impairments in behavioural domains relevant to both ALS and frontotemporal dementia. SOD1 G93A males displayed reduced locomotion, exploration and increased anxiety-like behaviours compared with control males. Intermediate-term spatial memory was impaired in SOD1 G93A females, whereas long-term spatial memory deficits as well as lower acoustic startle response, and prepulse inhibition were identified in SOD1 G93A mice of both sexes compared with respective controls. Interestingly, SOD1 G93A males exhibited an increased conditioned cue freezing response. Nosing behaviours were also elevated in both male and female SOD1 G93A when assessed in social paradigms. In conclusion, SOD1 G93A mice exhibit a variety of sex-specific behavioural deficits beyond motor impairments supporting the notion of an ALS-frontotemporal spectrum disorder. Thus, SOD1 G93A mice may represent a useful model to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions on clinical symptoms in addition to declining motor abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kreilaus
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan Guerra
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Masanetz
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Victoria Menne
- Institute of Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Justin Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Gan Q, Yao H, Na H, Ballance H, Tao Q, Leung L, Tian H, Zhu H, Wolozin B, Qiu WQ. Effects of Amylin Against Amyloid-β-Induced Tauopathy and Synapse Loss in Primary Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:1025-1040. [PMID: 31306122 PMCID: PMC6833957 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that peripheral amylin treatment reduces pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, soluble and aggregated amylin are distinct species; while amylin is a physiological neuropeptide, amylin aggregation is a pathological factor for diabetes. We thus hypothesized that because of their similarity in secondary structures, amylin antagonizes amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-induced AD pathology in neurons with a dose-dependent pattern. To test the hypothesis, we conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments with different doses of amylin and with its analog, pramlintide. Here we report that a high concentration of either Aβ or amylin alone induced tau phosphorylation (pTau) in primary neurons. Interestingly, with a low concentration, amylin had direct effects to reverse the Aβ-induced pTau, as well as damaged neuronal synapses and neurite disorganization. However, when the concentration was high (10.24 μM), amylin lost the effects against the Aβ-induced cellular AD pathology and, together with Aβ, worsened tauopathy in neurons. In the 5XFAD AD mouse model, daily peripheral amylin treatment with a low dose (200 μg/kg) more effectively reduced amyloid burden, and increased synapse, but with a high dose (800 μg/kg), it more effectively reduced tauopathy. Correspondingly, amylin treatment improved learning and memory in these mice. It demonstrates that amylin has a dose-dependent U-shape effect against AD pathogenesis. Within a physiological range, amylin is a neuroprotective hormone against AD in neurons; but when both Aβ and amylin concentrations are elevated, imbalance of Aβ and amylin may contribute to brain AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qini Gan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongbo Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Qiqihaer Medical University, China
| | - Hana Na
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Ballance
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiushan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorene Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Qiqihaer Medical University, China
| | - Haihao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Melo TP, Fortes MRS, Bresolin T, Mota LFM, Albuquerque LG, Carvalheiro R. Multitrait meta-analysis identified genomic regions associated with sexual precocity in tropical beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4087-4099. [PMID: 30053002 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitrait meta-analyses are a strategy to produce more accurate genome-wide association studies, especially for complex phenotypes. We carried out a meta-analysis study for traits related to sexual precocity in tropical beef cattle (Nellore and Brahman) aiming to identify important genomic regions affecting these traits. The traits included in the analyses were age at first calving (AFC), early pregnancy (EP), age at first corpus luteum (AGECL), first postpartum anoestrus interval (PPAI), and scrotal circumference (SC). The traits AFC, EP, and SCN were measured in Nellore cattle, while AGECL, PPAI, and SCB were measured in Brahman cattle. Meta-analysis resulted in 108 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), at an empirical threshold P-value of 1.39 × 10-5 (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). Within 0.5 Mb of the significant SNP, candidate genes were annotated and analyzed for functional enrichment. Most of the closest genes to the SNP with higher significance in each chromosome have been associated with important roles in reproductive function. They are TSC22D2, KLF7, ARHGAP29, 7SK, MAP3K5, TLE3, WDR5, TAF3, TMEM68, PPP1R15B, NR2F2, GALR1, SUFU, and KCNU1. We did not observe any significant SNP in BTA5, BTA12, BTA17, BTA18, BTA19, BTA20, BTA22, BTA23, BTA25, and BTA28. Although the majority of significant SNPs are in BTA14, it was identified significant associations in multiple chromosomes (19 out of 29 autosomes), which is consistent with the postulation that reproductive traits are complex polygenic phenotypes. Five proposed association regions harbor the majority of the significant SNP (76%) and were distributed over four chromosomes (P < 1.39 × 10-5, FDR < 0.05): BTA2 (5.55%) from 95 to 96 Mb, BTA4 (5.55%) from 94.1 to 94.8 Mb, BTA14 (59.26%) from 24 to 25 Mb and 29 to 30 Mb, and BTA21 (5.55%) from 6.7 Mb to 11.4 Mb. These regions harbored key genes related to reproductive function. Moreover, these genes were enriched for functional groups associated with immune response, maternal-fetal tolerance, pregnancy maintenance, embryo development, fertility, and response to stress. Further studies including other breeds and precocity traits could confirm the importance of these regions and identify new candidate regions for sexual precocity in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise P Melo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina R S Fortes
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tiago Bresolin
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucio F M Mota
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia G Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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27
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Stincic TL, Rønnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. Diverse actions of estradiol on anorexigenic and orexigenic hypothalamic arcuate neurons. Horm Behav 2018; 104:146-155. [PMID: 29626486 PMCID: PMC6196116 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. There is now compelling evidence for membrane-associated estrogen receptors in hypothalamic neurons that are critical for the hypothalamic control of homeostatic functions. It has been known for some time that estradiol (E2) can rapidly alter hypothalamic neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane initiated events. However, our understanding of how E2 signals via membrane-associated receptors and how these signals impact physiological functions is only just emerging. Thus, E2 can affect second messenger systems including calcium mobilization and a plethora of kinases to alter cell excitability and even gene transcription in hypothalamic neurons. One population of hypothalamic neurons, the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, has long been considered to be a target of E2's actions based on gene (Pomc) expression studies. However, we now know that E2 can rapidly alter POMC neuronal activity within seconds and activate several intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately affect gene expression, actions which are critical for maintaining sensitivity to insulin in metabolically stressed states. E2 also affects the orexigenic Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related Peptide (NPY/AgRP) neurons in similarly rapid but antagonistic manner. Therefore, this review will summarize our current state of knowledge of how E2 signals via rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling cascades in POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons to regulate energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Stincic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Oline K Rønnekleiv
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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28
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Heimovics SA, Merritt JR, Jalabert C, Ma C, Maney DL, Soma KK. Rapid effects of 17β-estradiol on aggressive behavior in songbirds: Environmental and genetic influences. Horm Behav 2018; 104:41-51. [PMID: 29605636 PMCID: PMC6344317 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. 17β-estradiol (E2) has numerous rapid effects on the brain and behavior. This review focuses on the rapid effects of E2 on aggression, an important social behavior, in songbirds. First, we highlight the contributions of studies on song sparrows, which reveal that seasonal changes in the environment profoundly influence the capacity of E2 to rapidly alter aggressive behavior. E2 administration to male song sparrows increases aggression within 20 min in the non-breeding season, but not in the breeding season. Furthermore, E2 rapidly modulates several phosphoproteins in the song sparrow brain. In particular, E2 rapidly affects pCREB in the medial preoptic nucleus, in the non-breeding season only. Second, we describe studies of the white-throated sparrow, which reveal how a genetic polymorphism may influence the rapid effects of E2 on aggression. In this species, a chromosomal rearrangement that includes ESR1, which encodes estrogen receptor α (ERα), affects ERα expression in the brain and the ability of E2 to rapidly promote aggression. Third, we summarize studies showing that aggressive interactions rapidly affect levels of E2 and other steroids, both in the blood and in specific brain regions, and the emerging potential for steroid profiling by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Such studies of songbirds demonstrate the value of an ethologically informed approach, in order to reveal how steroids act rapidly on the brain to alter naturally-occurring behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Jalabert
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chunqi Ma
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna L Maney
- Emory University, Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiran K Soma
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Canada
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29
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Ogren JA, Tripathi R, Macey PM, Kumar R, Stern JM, Eliashiv DS, Allen LA, Diehl B, Engel J, Rani MRS, Lhatoo SD, Harper RM. Regional cortical thickness changes accompanying generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:205-215. [PMID: 30094170 PMCID: PMC6073085 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are accompanied by cardiovascular and respiratory sequelae that threaten survival. The frequency of these seizures is a major risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), a leading cause of untimely death in epilepsy. The circumstances accompanying such fatal events suggest a cardiovascular or respiratory failure induced by unknown neural processes rather than an inherent cardiac or lung deficiency. Certain cortical regions, especially the insular, cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices, are key structures that integrate sensory input and influence diencephalic and brainstem regions regulating blood pressure, cardiac rhythm, and respiration; output from those cortical regions compromised by epilepsy-associated injury may lead to cardiorespiratory dysregulation. The aim here was to assess changes in cortical integrity, reflected as cortical thickness, relative to healthy controls. Cortical alterations in areas that influence cardiorespiratory action could contribute to SUDEP mechanisms. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were collected with a 3.0-Tesla MRI scanner from 53 patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (Mean age ± SD: 37.1 ± 12.6 years, 22 male) at Case Western Reserve University, University College London, and the University of California at Los Angeles. Control data included 530 healthy individuals (37.1 ± 12.6 years; 220 male) from UCLA and two open access databases (OASIS and IXI). Cortical thickness group differences were assessed at all non-cerebellar brain surface locations (P < 0.05 corrected). Results Increased cortical thickness appeared in post-central gyri, insula, and subgenual, anterior, posterior, and isthmus cingulate cortices. Post-central gyri increases were greater in females, while males showed more extensive cingulate increases. Frontal and temporal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal, frontal pole, and lateral parietal and occipital cortices showed thinning. The extents of thickness changes were sex- and hemisphere-dependent, with only males exhibiting right-sided and posterior cingulate thickening, while females showed only left lateral orbitofrontal thinning. Regional cortical thickness showed modest correlations with seizure frequency, but not epilepsy duration. Significance Cortical thickening and thinning occur in patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, in cardiovascular and somatosensory areas, with extent of changes sex- and hemisphere-dependent. The data show injury in key autonomic and respiratory cortical areas, which may contribute to dysfunctional cardiorespiratory patterns during seizures, as well as to longer-term SUDEP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ogren
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raghav Tripathi
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John M Stern
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dawn S Eliashiv
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luke A Allen
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Diehl
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald M Harper
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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30
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Denley MCS, Gatford NJF, Sellers KJ, Srivastava DP. Estradiol and the Development of the Cerebral Cortex: An Unexpected Role? Front Neurosci 2018; 12:245. [PMID: 29887794 PMCID: PMC5981095 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex undergoes rapid folding in an "inside-outside" manner during embryonic development resulting in the establishment of six discrete cortical layers. This unique cytoarchitecture occurs via the coordinated processes of neurogenesis and cell migration. In addition, these processes are fine-tuned by a number of extracellular cues, which exert their effects by regulating intracellular signaling pathways. Interestingly, multiple brain regions have been shown to develop in a sexually dimorphic manner. In many cases, estrogens have been demonstrated to play an integral role in mediating these sexual dimorphisms in both males and females. Indeed, 17β-estradiol, the main biologically active estrogen, plays a critical organizational role during early brain development and has been shown to be pivotal in the sexually dimorphic development and regulation of the neural circuitry underlying sex-typical and socio-aggressive behaviors in males and females. However, whether and how estrogens, and 17β-estradiol in particular, regulate the development of the cerebral cortex is less well understood. In this review, we outline the evidence that estrogens are not only present but are engaged and regulate molecular machinery required for the fine-tuning of processes central to the cortex. We discuss how estrogens are thought to regulate the function of key molecular players and signaling pathways involved in corticogenesis, and where possible, highlight if these processes are sexually dimorphic. Collectively, we hope this review highlights the need to consider how estrogens may influence the development of brain regions directly involved in the sex-typical and socio-aggressive behaviors as well as development of sexually dimorphic regions such as the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. S. Denley
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. F. Gatford
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine J. Sellers
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Mendell AL, Chung BY, Creighton CE, Kalisch BE, Bailey CD, MacLusky NJ. Neurosteroid metabolites of testosterone and progesterone differentially inhibit ERK phosphorylation induced by amyloid β in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons. Brain Res 2018; 1686:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Jiang L, Li W, Mamtilahun M, Song Y, Ma Y, Qu M, Lu Y, He X, Zheng J, Fu Z, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Wang Y. Optogenetic Inhibition of Striatal GABAergic Neuronal Activity Improves Outcomes After Ischemic Brain Injury. Stroke 2017; 48:3375-3383. [PMID: 29146880 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Striatal GABAergic neuron is known as a key regulator in adult neurogenesis. However, the specific role of striatal GABAergic neuronal activity in the promotion of neurological recovery after ischemic stroke remains unknown. Here, we used optogenetic approach to investigate these effects and mechanism. METHODS Laser stimulation was delivered via an implanted optical fiber to inhibit or activate the striatal GABAergic neurons in Gad2-Arch-GFP or Gad2-ChR2-tdTomato mice (n=80) 1 week after 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological severity score, brain atrophy volume, microvessel density, and cell morphological changes were examined using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression and protein levels of related growth factors were further examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS Inhibiting striatal GABAergic neuronal activity improved functional recovery, reduced brain atrophy volume, and prohibited cell death compared with the control (P<0.05). Microvessel density and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) expression in the inhibition group were also increased (P<0.05). In contrast, activation of striatal GABAergic neurons resulted in adverse effects compared with the control (P<0.05). Using cocultures of GABAergic neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, we further demonstrated that the photoinhibition of GABAergic neuronal activity could upregulate bFGF expression in endothelial cells, depending on the presence of astrocytes. The conditioned medium from the aforementioned photoinhibited 3-cell coculture system protected cells from oxygen glucose deprivation injury. CONCLUSIONS After ischemic stroke, optogenetic inhibition of GABAergic neurons upregulated bFGF expression by endothelial cells and promoted neurobehavioral recovery, possibly orchestrated by astrocytes. Optogenetically inhibiting neuronal activity provides a novel approach to promote neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Wanlu Li
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Muyassar Mamtilahun
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Yaying Song
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Meijie Qu
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Yifan Lu
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Xiaosong He
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Jieyu Zheng
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Zongjie Fu
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.)
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.).
| | - Yongting Wang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.J., W.L., M.M., Y.L., Z.Z., G.-Y.Y., Y.W.), Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y.S., Y.M., M.Q., Z.F., G.-Y.Y.), School of Agriculture and Biology (J.Z.), and Brain Science and Technology Research Center (Y.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China (X.H.).
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Bálint M, Jeszenői N, Horváth I, Ábrahám IM, Hetényi C. Dynamic changes in binding interaction networks of sex steroids establish their non-classical effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14847. [PMID: 29093525 PMCID: PMC5665952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-classical signaling in the intracellular second messenger system plays a pivotal role in the cytoprotective effect of estradiol. Estrogen receptor is a common target of sex steroids and important in mediating estradiol-induced neuroprotection. Whereas the mechanism of genomic effects of sex steroids is fairly understood, their non-classical effects have not been elucidated completely. We use real time molecular dynamics calculations to uncover the interaction network of estradiol and activator estren. Besides steroid interactions, we also investigate the co-activation of the receptor. We show how steroid binding to the alternative binding site of the non-classical action is facilitated by the presence of a steroid in the classical binding site and the absence of the co-activator peptide. Uncovering such dynamic mechanisms behind steroid action will help the structure-based design of new drugs with non-classical responses and cytoprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Bálint
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Jeszenői
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group, Institute of Physiology, Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Horváth
- Chemistry Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István M Ábrahám
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group, Institute of Physiology, Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
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34
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Sørvik IB, Paulsen RE. High and low concentration of 17α-estradiol protect cerebellar granule neurons in different time windows. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Licarete E, Sesarman A, Rauca VF, Luput L, Patras L, Banciu M. HIF-1α acts as a molecular target for simvastatin cytotoxicity in B16.F10 melanoma cells cultured under chemically induced hypoxia. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3942-3950. [PMID: 28521491 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies reported that one of the main mechanisms of the antitumor activity of simvastatin (SIM) in B16.F10 murine melanoma cells was associated with strong suppression of the constitutive cell production of the α subunit of the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. Thus, the present study aimed to broaden this finding under hypoxic conditions induced by incubation of B16.F10 cells with cobalt chloride, when the constitutive production of HIF-1α in these melanoma cells is amplified by inducible expression of this factor. The data demonstrated that the SIM antiproliferative effects on melanoma cells were mediated mainly via strong suppressive actions on the B16.F10 cell capacity to support tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, as a result of a high inhibition of the inducible expression of HIF-1α. However, the constitutive expression of HIF-1α was not affected by SIM, probably due to the lack of effect of this statin on nuclear factor-κB production in B16.F10 cancer cells at the concentration tested. Additionally, the present study noted slight reducing effects of SIM on tumor oxidative stress, which may contribute to the main inhibitory action of this statin on HIF-1α production in hypoxic tumor cells. Collectively, these data are valuable for future anticancer strategies based on SIM administration in combination with cytotoxic drugs that are able to counteract the constitutive expression of HIF-1α in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Licarete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Florian Rauca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Luput
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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36
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Li H, Ding C, Ding ZL, Ling M, Wang T, Wang W, Huang B. 17β-Oestradiol promotes differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into dopamine neurons via cross-talk between insulin-like growth factors-1 and oestrogen receptor β. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1605-1618. [PMID: 28244646 PMCID: PMC5542902 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can self‐renew and differentiate into all cell lineages. E2 is known to exhibit positive effects on embryo development. Although the importance of E2 in many physiological processes has been reported, to date few researchers have investigated the effects of E2 on hESCs differentiation. We studied the effects of E2 on dopamine (DA) neuron induction of hESCs and its related signalling pathways using the three‐stage protocol. In our study, 0.1 μM E2 were applied to hESCs‐derived human embryoid bodies (hEBs) and effects of E2 on neural cells differentiation were investigated. Protein and mRNA level assay indicated that E2 up‐regulated the expression of insulin‐like growth factors (IGF)‐1, ectoderm, neural precursor cells (NPC) and DA neuron markers, respectively. The population of hESC‐derived NPCs and DA neurons was increased to 92% and 93% to that of DMSO group, respectively. Furthermore, yield of DA neuron‐secreted tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine was also increased. E2‐caused promotion was relieved in single inhibitor (ICI or JB1) group partly, and E2 effects were repressed more stronger in inhibitors combination (ICI plus JB1) group than in single inhibitor group at hEBs, hNPCs and hDA neurons stages. Owing to oestrogen receptors regulate multiple brain functions, when single or two inhibitors were used to treat neural differentiation stage, we found that oestrogen receptor (ER)β but not ERα is strongly repressed at the hNPCs and hDA neurons stage. These findings, for the first time, demonstrate the molecular cascade and related cell biology events involved in E2‐improved hNPC and hDA neuron differentiation through cross‐talk between IGF‐1 and ERβ in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenyue Ding
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Boxian Huang
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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37
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Franklin JL, Mirzaei M, Wearne TA, Homewood J, Goodchild AK, Haynes PA, Cornish JL. Extended exposure to sugar and/or caffeine produces distinct behavioral and neurochemical profiles in the orbitofrontal cortex of rats: Implications for neural function. Proteomics 2016; 16:2894-2910. [PMID: 27588558 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a psychostimulant commonly consumed with high levels of sugar. The increased availability of highly caffeinated, high sugar energy drinks could put some consumers at risk of being exposed to high doses of caffeine and sugar. Notably, research that has examined the consequences of this combination is limited. Here, we explored the effect of chronic exposure to caffeine and/or sugar on behavior and protein levels in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of rats. The OFC brain region has been implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions, including obesity and addiction behaviors. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 26 days with control, caffeine (0.6 g/L), 10% sugar, or combination of both. Locomotor behavior was measured on the first and last day of treatment, then 1 week after treatment. Two hours following final behavioral testing, brains were rapidly removed and prepared for proteomic analysis of the OFC. Label-free quantitative shotgun analysis revealed that 21, 12, and 23% of proteins identified in the OFC were differentially expressed by sugar and/or caffeine. The results demonstrate that the intake of high levels of sugar and/or low to moderate levels of caffeine has different behavioral consequences. Moreover, each treatment results in a unique proteomic profile with different implications for neural health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Franklin
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Travis A Wearne
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Judi Homewood
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ann K Goodchild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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38
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Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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39
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Menze ET, Esmat A, Tadros MG, Khalifa AE, Abdel-Naim AB. Genistein improves sensorimotor gating: Mechanisms related to its neuroprotective effects on the striatum. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:35-46. [PMID: 26764242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective atrophy in the striatum, particularly the medium spiny GABAergic efferent neurons. This results in striatal sensorimotor gating deficits. Systemic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) produces selective lesions mimicking those of HD. Males were found to be more susceptible to 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity than females, suggesting neuroprotective effects of estrogens. Phytoestrogens, including genistein, are good estrogenic alternatives that keep their beneficial effects on non-reproductive organs and lack the potential hazardous side effects. The current study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of genistein in 3-NPA-induced HD in ovariectomized rats. Results showed that 3-NPA (20 mg/kg) administration caused significant disruption of the rats' locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition. In addition, it decreased striatal ATP levels and increased oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers with striatal focal hemorrhage and gliosis. Pretreatment with 17β-estradiol (2.5 mg/kg) or genistein (20 mg/kg) led to a significant improvement of behavioral parameters, increased ATP production, decreased oxidative stress, attenuated inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, this study suggests potential neuroprotective effects of genistein in ovariectomized rats challenged with 3-NPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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40
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Siddiqui AN, Siddiqui N, Khan RA, Kalam A, Jabir NR, Kamal MA, Firoz CK, Tabrez S. Neuroprotective Role of Steroidal Sex Hormones: An Overview. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:342-50. [PMID: 27012165 PMCID: PMC6492877 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone, estrogens, and testosterone are the well-known steroidal sex hormones, which have been reported to have "nonreproductive "effects in the brain, specifically in the neuroprotection and neurotrophy. In the last one decade, there has been a surge in the research on the role of these hormones in neuroprotection and their positive impact on different brain injuries. The said interest has been sparked by a desire to understand the action and mechanisms of these steroidal sex hormones throughout the body. The aim of this article was to highlight the potential outcome of the steroidal hormones, viz. progesterone, estrogens, and testosterone in terms of their role in neuroprotection and other brain injuries. Their possible mechanism of action at both genomic and nongenomic level will be also discussed. As far as our knowledge goes, we are for the first time reporting neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of action of these hormones in a single article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nasir Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nahida Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasimudeen R Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Samantaray S, Das A, Matzelle DC, Yu SP, Wei L, Varma A, Ray SK, Banik NL. Administration of low dose estrogen attenuates persistent inflammation, promotes angiogenesis, and improves locomotor function following chronic spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurochem 2016; 137:604-17. [PMID: 26998684 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neurological function and, depending upon the severity of injury, may lead to paralysis. Currently, no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy is available for SCI. High-dose methylprednisolone is widely used, but this treatment is controversial. We have previously shown that low doses of estrogen reduces inflammation, attenuates cell death, and protects axon and myelin in SCI rats, but its effectiveness in recovery of function is not known. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate whether low doses of estrogen in post-SCI would reduce inflammation, protect cells and axons, and improve locomotor function during the chronic phase of injury. Injury (40 g.cm force) was induced at thoracic 10 in young adult male rats. Rats were treated with 10 or 100 μg 17β-estradiol (estrogen) for 7 days following SCI and compared with vehicle-treated injury and laminectomy (sham) controls. Histology (H&E staining), immunohistofluorescence, Doppler laser technique, and Western blotting were used to monitor tissue integrity, gliosis, blood flow, angiogenesis, the expression of angiogenic factors, axonal degeneration, and locomotor function (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating) following injury. To assess the progression of recovery, rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, or 42 days post injury. A reduction in glial reactivity, attenuation of axonal and myelin damage, protection of cells, increased expression of angiogenic factors and microvessel growth, and improved locomotor function were found following estrogen treatment compared with vehicle-treated SCI rats. These results suggest that treatment with a very low dose of estrogen has significant therapeutic implications for the improvement of locomotor function in chronic SCI. Experimental studies with low dose estrogen therapy in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrated the potential for multi-active beneficial outcomes that could ameliorate the degenerative pathways in chronic SCI as shown in (a). Furthermore, the alterations in local spinal blood flow could be significantly alleviated with low dose estrogen therapy. This therapy led to the preservation of the structural integrity of the spinal cord (b), which in turn led to the improved functional recovery as shown (c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Denise C Matzelle
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shan P Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abhay Varma
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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42
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Hwang CJ, Choi DY, Jung YY, Lee YJ, Yun JS, Oh KW, Han SB, Oh S, Park MH, Hong JT. Inhibition of p38 pathway-dependent MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in estrogen receptor alpha knockout mice. Horm Behav 2016; 80:19-29. [PMID: 26836768 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Approximately, 7-10 million people in the world suffer from Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, increasing evidence has suggested the protective effect of estrogens against nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage in PD. In this study, we investigated whether estrogen affects 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced behavioral impairment in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-deficient mice. MPTP (15mg/kg, four times with 1.5-h interval)-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration was evaluated in ERα wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. Larger dopamine depletion, behavioral impairments (Rotarod test, Pole test, and Gait test), activation of microglia and astrocytes, and neuroinflammation after MPTP injection were observed in ERα KO mice compared to those in WT mice. Immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) after MPTP injection showed fewer TH-positive neurons in ERα KO mice than WT mice. Levels of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC, metabolite of dopamine) were also lowered in ERα KO mice after MPTP injection. Interestingly, a higher immunoreactivity for monoamine oxidase (MAO) B was found in the substantia nigra and striatum of ERα KO mice after MPTP injection. We also found an increased activation of p38 kinase (which positively regulates MAO B expression) in ERα KO mice. In vitro estrogen treatment inhibited neuroinflammation in 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridium (MPP+)-treated cultured astrocyte cells; however, these inhibitory effects were removed by p38 inhibitor. These results indicate that ERα might be important for dopaminergic neuronal survival through inhibition of p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, South Korea
| | - Yu Yeon Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, South Korea
| | - Young-Jung Lee
- School of Equine Science, Cheju Halla University, 38 Halladaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-708, South Korea
| | - Jae Suk Yun
- Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-700, South Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, South Korea
| | - Seikwan Oh
- Department of Neuroscience and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, South Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, South Korea.
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Chakrabarti M, Das A, Samantaray S, Smith JA, Banik NL, Haque A, Ray SK. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:271-81. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEstrogen (EST) is a steroid hormone that exhibits several important physiological roles in the human body. During the last few decades, EST has been well recognized as an important neuroprotective agent in a variety of neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The exact molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection in the CNS remain unclear due to heterogeneity of cell populations that express EST receptors (ERs) in the CNS as well as in the innate and adaptive immune system. Recent investigations suggest that EST protects the CNS from injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and cell death, while promoting neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurotrophic support. In this review, we have described the currently known molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in SCI and TBI. At the same time, we have emphasized on the recent in vitro and in vivo findings from our and other laboratories, implying potential clinical benefits of EST in the treatment of SCI and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Supriti Samantaray
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joshua A. Smith
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L. Banik
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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44
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Ryanodine receptors contribute to the induction of ischemic tolerance. Brain Res Bull 2016; 122:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Kwakowsky A, Potapov K, Kim S, Peppercorn K, Tate WP, Ábrahám IM. Treatment of beta amyloid 1-42 (Aβ(1-42))-induced basal forebrain cholinergic damage by a non-classical estrogen signaling activator in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21101. [PMID: 26879842 PMCID: PMC4754683 DOI: 10.1038/srep21101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a loss in cholinergic innervation targets of basal forebrain which has been implicated in substantial cognitive decline. Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ(1-42)) accumulates in AD that is highly toxic for basal forebrain cholinergic (BFC) neurons. Although the gonadal steroid estradiol is neuroprotective, the administration is associated with risk of off-target effects. Previous findings suggested that non-classical estradiol action on intracellular signaling pathways has ameliorative potential without estrogenic side effects. After Aβ(1-42) injection into mouse basal forebrain, a single dose of 4-estren-3α, 17β-diol (estren), the non-classical estradiol pathway activator, restored loss of cholinergic cortical projections and also attenuated the Aβ(1-42)-induced learning deficits. Estren rapidly and directly phosphorylates c-AMP-response-element-binding-protein and extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase-1/2 in BFC neurons and restores the cholinergic fibers via estrogen receptor-α. These findings indicated that selective activation of non-classical intracellular estrogen signaling has a potential to treat the damage of cholinergic neurons in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kyoko Potapov
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - SooHyun Kim
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren P. Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - István M. Ábrahám
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- MTA-NAP-B-Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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46
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Hajj R, Milet A, Toulorge D, Cholet N, Laffaire J, Foucquier J, Robelet S, Mitry R, Guedj M, Nabirotchkin S, Chumakov I, Cohen D. Combination of acamprosate and baclofen as a promising therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16084. [PMID: 26542636 PMCID: PMC4635348 DOI: 10.1038/srep16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons but which involves the loss of additional neurotransmitter pathways. Mono- or polytherapeutic interventions in PD patients have declining efficacy long-term and no influence on disease progression. The systematic analysis of available genetic and functional data as well as the substantial overlap between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and PD features led us to repurpose and explore the effectiveness of a combination therapy (ABC) with two drugs – acamprosate and baclofen – that was already effective in AD animal models, for the treatment of PD. We showed in vitro that ABC strongly and synergistically protected neuronal cells from oxidative stress in the oxygen and glucose deprivation model, as well as dopaminergic neurons from cell death in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. Furthermore, we showed that ABC normalised altered motor symptoms in vivo in 6-OHDA-treated rats, acting by protecting dopaminergic cell bodies and their striatal terminals. Interestingly, ABC also restored a normal behaviour pattern in lesioned rats suggesting a symptomatic effect, and did not negatively interact with L-dopa. Our results demonstrate the potential value of combining repurposed drugs as a promising new strategy to treat this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Hajj
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Aude Milet
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Damien Toulorge
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Nathalie Cholet
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Julien Laffaire
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Julie Foucquier
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Sandra Robelet
- Syncrosome, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Richard Mitry
- Syncrosome, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Mickael Guedj
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | | | - Ilya Chumakov
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Pharnext, 11 rue des Peupliers, 92130 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
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Verleye M, Buttigieg D, Steinschneider R. Neuroprotective activity of stiripentol with a possible involvement of voltage-dependent calcium and sodium channels. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:179-89. [PMID: 26511438 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of data has shown that recurrent epileptic seizures may be caused by an excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain. Glutamatergic overstimulation results in massive neuronal influxes of calcium and sodium through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, and kainic acid glutamate subtype receptors and also through voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels. These persistent and abnormal sodium and calcium entry points have deleterious consequences (neurotoxicity) for neuronal function. The therapeutic value of an antiepileptic drug would include not only control of seizure activity but also protection of neuronal tissue. The present study examines the in vitro neuroprotective effects of stiripentol, an antiepileptic compound with γ-aminobutyric acidergic properties, on neuronal-astroglial cultures from rat cerebral cortex exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or to glutamate (40 µM for 20 min), two in vitro models of brain injury. In addition, the affinity of stiripentol for the different glutamate receptor subtypes and the interaction with the cell influx of Na(+) and of Ca(2+) enhanced by veratridine and NMDA, respectively, are assessed. Stiripentol (10-100 µM) included in the culture medium during OGD or with glutamate significantly increased the number of surviving neurons relative to controls. Stiripentol displayed no binding affinity for different subtypes of glutamate receptors (IC50 >100 µM) but significantly blocked the entry of Na(+) and Ca(2+) activated by veratridine and NMDA, respectively. These results suggest that Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels could contribute to the neuroprotective properties of sitiripentol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Verleye
- Département de Pharmacologie, Biocodex, Compiègne, France
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Han S, Zhao B, Pan X, Song Z, Liu J, Gong Y, Wang M. Estrogen receptor variant ER-α36 is involved in estrogen neuroprotection against oxidative toxicity. Neuroscience 2015; 310:224-41. [PMID: 26383254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that estrogen exerts neuroprotective effect against various neuronal damages. However, the estrogen receptor (ER) that mediates estrogen neuroprotection has not been well established. In this study, we investigated the potential receptor that mediates estrogen neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was chosen as an agent in our study to mimic free radicals that are often involved in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases. We found that in human SY5Y and IMR-32 cells, the estrogen neuroprotection against H2O2 toxicity was abrogated by knockdown of a variant of estrogen receptor-α, ER-α36. We also studied the rapid estrogen signaling mediated by ER-α36 in neuroprotective effect and found the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling mediated by ER-α36 is involved in estrogen neuroprotection. We also found that GPER, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is not involved in ER-α36-mediated rapid estrogen response. Our study thus demonstrates that ER-α36-mediated rapid estrogen signaling is involved in the neuroprotection activity of estrogen against oxidative toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Han
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - B Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - X Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Z Song
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - J Liu
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Y Gong
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - M Wang
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Li XZ, Sui CY, Chen Q, Chen XP, Zhang H, Zhou XP. Upregulation of cell surface estrogen receptor alpha is associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and promotes autophagy maturation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:8832-8841. [PMID: 26464625 PMCID: PMC4583857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has implicated the dysregulation of autophagy as underlying the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. The human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y was exposed to 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)). The mechanism is that the sustained activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway by MPP(+) alters autophagy selectively at the maturation step, significant increasing in autophagy formation and delaying in autophagy degradation in SHSY5Y cells. In this study, we provided evidences that estrogen was capable of promoting SHSY5Y cells survival in MPP(+)-treated group. In particular, the up-regulation of mERα, but not mERβ, was associated with a rapid and transient activation of ERK phosphorylation compatible with promoting autophagy maturation. The up-regulation of mERα changed the sustained activation of ERK phosphorylation in MPP(+)-treated group into a temporary activation. Taken together, these findings strongly support that the expression of mERα promotes the maturation of autophagosomes into functional autolysosomes by regulating ERK, determining SHSY5Y cells survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yan Sui
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital Jiangsu, China
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Rubinow DR, Johnson SL, Schmidt PJ, Girdler S, Gaynes B. EFFICACY OF ESTRADIOL IN PERIMENOPAUSAL DEPRESSION: SO MUCH PROMISE AND SO FEW ANSWERS. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:539-49. [PMID: 26130315 PMCID: PMC6309886 DOI: 10.1002/da.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy regarding the antidepressant efficacy of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) stems almost from its inception and reflects the same methodological inconsistencies that have compromised efforts to determine whether the perimenopause is accompanied by an increase in mood symptoms or depression. Methodologic differences of note (other than study design) include menopausal state (perimenopause vs. postmenopause), determination of state (earlier studies used age as a proxy measure), baseline symptomatology (asymptomatic vs. depressive symptoms vs. syndromic depression), route of hormone administration (transdermal vs. oral), and symptom or syndrome measure. Zweifel and O'Brien's 1997 meta-analysis included 26 studies of the effects of menopausal HRT on depressed mood and revealed an overall effect size of 0.68. This moderate to large effect size, showing lower ratings of depressed mood in treated patients compared with controls, implicated HRT as a potential treatment of or prophylactic for depression in menopausal women. Since this publication, multiple studies have aimed to discern the relationship between HRT and menopausal mood. METHODS The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the findings and quality of the evidence amassed since Zweifel and O'Brien's meta-analysis. RESULTS Of the 24 studies meeting criteria for review, only five RCTs examined depressed subjects, and only two of the study samples were solely perimenopausal. CONCLUSIONS One can generalize from the studies reviewed here only with great caution, but there is little evidence to support the use of estradiol to improve mood in nondepressed patients (not surprisingly) and some evidence to support the antidepressant efficacy of estradiol in perimenopausal but not postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Correspondence to: David Rubinow, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–7160.
| | - Sarah Lanier Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter J. Schmidt
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan Girdler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bradley Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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