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Perez-Miller S, Gomez K, Khanna R. Peptide and Peptidomimetic Inhibitors Targeting the Interaction of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 with the N-Type Calcium Channel for Pain Relief. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1916-1936. [PMID: 39022365 PMCID: PMC11249630 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels serve pleiotropic functions. Often found in complexes, their activities and functions are sculpted by auxiliary proteins. We discovered that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is a binding partner and regulator of the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV2.2), a genetically validated contributor to chronic pain. Herein, we trace the discovery of a new peptidomimetic modulator of this interaction, starting from the identification and development of CBD3, a CRMP2-derived CaV binding domain peptide. CBD3 uncouples CRMP2-CaV2.2 binding to decrease CaV2.2 surface localization and calcium currents. These changes occur at presynaptic sites of nociceptive neurons and indeed, CBD3 ameliorates chronic pain in preclinical models. In pursuit of a CBD3 peptidomimetic, we exploited a unique approach to identify a dipeptide with low conformational flexibility and high solvent accessibility that anchors binding to CaV2.2. From a pharmacophore screen, we obtained CBD3063, a small-molecule that recapitulated CBD3's activity, reversing nociceptive behaviors in rodents of both sexes without sensory, affective, or cognitive effects. By disrupting the CRMP2-CaV2.2 interaction, CBD3063 exerts these effects indirectly through modulating CaV2.2 trafficking, supporting CRMP2 as an auxiliary subunit of CaV2.2. The parent peptide CBD3 was also found by us and others to have neuroprotective properties at postsynaptic sites, through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and plasmalemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3, potentially acting as an auxiliary subunit for these pathways as well. Our new compound is poised to address several open questions regarding CRMP2's role in regulating the CaV2.2 pathways to treat pain with the potential added benefit of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
- Pain
and Addiction Therapeutics (PATH) Collaboratory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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2
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Feuer KL, Peng X, Yovo CK, Avramopoulos D. DPYSL2/CRMP2 isoform B knockout in human iPSC-derived glutamatergic neurons confirms its role in mTOR signaling and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4353-4362. [PMID: 37479784 PMCID: PMC11138811 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The DPYSL2/CRMP2 gene encodes a microtubule-stabilizing protein crucial for neurogenesis and is associated with numerous psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. DPYSL2 generates multiple RNA and protein isoforms, but few studies have differentiated between them. We previously reported an association of a functional variant in the DPYSL2-B isoform with schizophrenia (SCZ) and demonstrated in HEK293 cells that this variant reduced the length of cellular projections and created transcriptomic changes that captured schizophrenia etiology by disrupting mTOR signaling-mediated regulation. In the present study, we follow up on these results by creating, to our knowledge, the first models of endogenous DPYSL2-B knockout in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neurons. CRISPR/Cas9-faciliated knockout of DPYSL2-B in iPSCs followed by Ngn2-induced differentiation to glutamatergic neurons showed a reduction in DPYSL2-B/CRMP2-B RNA and protein with no observable impact on DPYSL2-A/CRMP2-A. The average length of dendrites in knockout neurons was reduced up to 58% compared to controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed disruptions in pathways highly relevant to psychiatric disease including mTOR signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics, immune function, calcium signaling, and cholesterol biosynthesis. We also observed a significant enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in SCZ-associated loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our findings expand our previous results to neuronal cells, clarify the functions of the human DPYSL2-B isoform and confirm its involvement in molecular pathologies shared between many psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra L Feuer
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Peng
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian K Yovo
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Desprez F, Ung DC, Vourc’h P, Jeanne M, Laumonnier F. Contribution of the dihydropyrimidinase-like proteins family in synaptic physiology and in neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1154446. [PMID: 37144098 PMCID: PMC10153444 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1154446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dihydropyrimidinase-like (DPYSL) proteins, also designated as the collapsin response mediators (CRMP) proteins, constitute a family of five cytosolic phosphoproteins abundantly expressed in the developing nervous system but down-regulated in the adult mouse brain. The DPYSL proteins were initially identified as effectors of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signaling and consequently involved in regulation of growth cone collapse in young developing neurons. To date, it has been established that DPYSL proteins mediate signals for numerous intracellular/extracellular pathways and play major roles in variety of cellular process including cell migration, neurite extension, axonal guidance, dendritic spine development and synaptic plasticity through their phosphorylation status. The roles of DPYSL proteins at early stages of brain development have been described in the past years, particularly for DPYSL2 and DPYSL5 proteins. The recent characterization of pathogenic genetic variants in DPYSL2 and in DPYSL5 human genes associated with intellectual disability and brain malformations, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar dysplasia, highlighted the pivotal role of these actors in the fundamental processes of brain formation and organization. In this review, we sought to establish a detailed update on the knowledge regarding the functions of DPYSL genes and proteins in brain and to highlight their involvement in synaptic processing in later stages of neurodevelopment, as well as their particular contribution in human neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dévina C. Ung
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Laumonnier,
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Chang YH, Chang SW, Hsu WT, Yang CP, Lo YL, Chen CJ, Tsai HF, Shiau MY. Implication of Adipogenesis-Coupled CRMP2 Functional Profile in Metabolic Homeostasis and Imbalance. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102603. [PMID: 36289868 PMCID: PMC9599587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is associated with obesity and, in addition, that hyperglycemia-suppressed CRMP2 augments malignant traits of colorectal cancer and is associated with advanced tumor stage. Regulation of CRMP2 profile was further explored in this study using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte adipogenesis as a study model for illustrating the roles of CRMP2 in metabolic homeostasis. Hyperglycemia inhibited expression of CRMP2, adipogenic machinery and adipocyte markers. CRMP2 displayed f-CRMP2 (62~66 kDa) and s-CMRP2 (58 kDa) isoforms at the growth arrest phase. Expression of s-CRMP2 was coupled with the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) phase to direct cell proliferation and rapidly down-regulated in post-mitotic cells. In the late differentiation phase, f-CRMP2 was co-localized with tubulin in the cortical area. Insulin-enhanced CRMP2-glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) co-localization and CRMP2 puncta on lipid droplets (LDs) suggested participation of CRMP2 in GLUT4 translocation and LD fusion. Collectively, the CRMP2 functional profile must be finely controlled to adjust cytoskeletal stability for meeting dynamic cellular needs. Manipulating the s-CRMP2/f-CRMP2 ratio and thus the cytoskeleton dynamics is anticipated to improve glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. In summary, our data provide molecular evidence explaining the functions of CRMP2 in physiological, pathological and disease progression in metabolic homeostasis and disorders related to metabolic abnormalities, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuh Shiau
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (ext. 7090); Fax: +886-4-26331198
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Boukouris AE, Zhang Y, Saleme B, Kinnaird A, Zhao YY, Liu Y, Zervopoulos SD, Das SK, Mittal RD, Haromy A, Lorenzana-Carrillo MA, Krysler AR, Cromwell CR, Hubbard BP, Sutendra G, Michelakis ED. A reversible metabolic stress-sensitive regulation of CRMP2A orchestrates EMT/stemness and increases metastatic potential in cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110511. [PMID: 35294884 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype with cancer stem cell-like properties is a critical feature of aggressive/metastatic tumors, but the mechanism(s) that promote it and its relation to metabolic stress remain unknown. Here we show that Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2A (CRMP2A) is unexpectedly and reversibly induced in cancer cells in response to multiple metabolic stresses, including low glucose and hypoxia, and inhibits EMT/stemness. Loss of CRMP2A, when metabolic stress decreases (e.g., around blood vessels in vivo) or by gene deletion, induces extensive microtubule remodeling, increased glutamine utilization toward pyrimidine synthesis, and an EMT/stemness phenotype with increased migration, chemoresistance, tumor initiation capacity/growth, and metastatic potential. In a cohort of 27 prostate cancer patients with biopsies from primary tumors and distant metastases, CRMP2A expression decreases in the metastatic versus primary tumors. CRMP2A is an endogenous molecular brake on cancer EMT/stemness and its loss increases the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Subhash K Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rohan D Mittal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alois Haromy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Amanda R Krysler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Cuveillier C, Boulan B, Ravanello C, Denarier E, Deloulme JC, Gory-Fauré S, Delphin C, Bosc C, Arnal I, Andrieux A. Beyond Neuronal Microtubule Stabilization: MAP6 and CRMPS, Two Converging Stories. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665693. [PMID: 34025352 PMCID: PMC8131560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and function of the central nervous system rely on the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons and their respective effectors. Although the structural role of the cytoskeleton has long been acknowledged in neuronal morphology and activity, it was recently recognized to play the role of a signaling platform. Following this recognition, research into Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs) diversified. Indeed, historically, structural MAPs—including MAP1B, MAP2, Tau, and MAP6 (also known as STOP);—were identified and described as MT-binding and -stabilizing proteins. Extensive data obtained over the last 20 years indicated that these structural MAPs could also contribute to a variety of other molecular roles. Among multi-role MAPs, MAP6 provides a striking example illustrating the diverse molecular and cellular properties of MAPs and showing how their functional versatility contributes to the central nervous system. In this review, in addition to MAP6’s effect on microtubules, we describe its impact on the actin cytoskeleton, on neuroreceptor homeostasis, and its involvement in signaling pathways governing neuron development and maturation. We also discuss its roles in synaptic plasticity, brain connectivity, and cognitive abilities, as well as the potential relationships between the integrated brain functions of MAP6 and its molecular activities. In parallel, the Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) are presented as examples of how other proteins, not initially identified as MAPs, fall into the broader MAP family. These proteins bind MTs as well as exhibiting molecular and cellular properties very similar to MAP6. Finally, we briefly summarize the multiple similarities between other classical structural MAPs and MAP6 or CRMPs.In summary, this review revisits the molecular properties and the cellular and neuronal roles of the classical MAPs, broadening our definition of what constitutes a MAP.
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Low Incidence of High-Grade Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions in a Crmp4 Gene-Deficient Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100746. [PMID: 32105991 PMCID: PMC7044544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), the most common premalignant lesion of the pancreas, is a histologically well-defined precursor to invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of PanINs have not been fully elucidated. Previously, we demonstrated that the expression of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) in PDAC was associated with poor prognosis. The expression of CRMP4 was also augmented in a pancreatitis mouse model. However, the role of CRMP4 in the progression of PanIN lesions remains uncertain. In the present study, we examined the relationship between CRMP4 expression and progression of PanIN lesions using genetically engineered mouse models. PanIN lesions were induced by peritoneal injection of the cholecystokinin analog caerulein in LSL-KRASG12D; Pdx1-Cre (KC-Crmp4 wild-type, WT) mice and LSL-KRASG12D; Pdx1-Cre; Crmp4−/− (KC-Crmp4 knockout, KO) mice. We analyzed pancreatic tissue sections from these mice and evaluated PanIN grade by hematoxylin and eosin staining. CRMP4 expression was examined and the cellular components assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CRMP4, CD3, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). The incidence of high-grade PanIN in KC-Crmp4 WT mice was higher than that in KC-Crmp4 KO animals. CRMP4 was expressed not only in epithelial cells but also in αSMA-positive cells in stromal areas of PanIN lesions. The CRMP4 expression in stromal areas correlated with PanIN grade in WT mice. These results suggested that the expression of CRMP4 in stromal cells may underlie the incidence or progression of PanIN.
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Ohtani-Kaneko R. Crmp4-KO Mice as an Animal Model for Investigating Certain Phenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2485. [PMID: 31137494 PMCID: PMC6566569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family is involved in the formation of neural networks. A recent whole-exome sequencing study identified a de novo variant (S541Y) of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) in a male patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, Crmp4-knockout (KO) mice show some phenotypes similar to those observed in human patients with ASD. For example, compared with wild-type mice, Crmp4-KO mice exhibit impaired social interaction, abnormal sensory sensitivities, broader distribution of activated (c-Fos expressing) neurons, altered dendritic formation, and aberrant patterns of neural gene expressions, most of which have sex differences. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of CRMP4 during brain development and discusses the possible contribution of CRMP4 deficiencies or abnormalities to the pathogenesis of ASD. Crmp4-KO mice represent an appropriate animal model for investigating the mechanisms underlying some ASD phenotypes, such as impaired social behavior, abnormal sensory sensitivities, and sex-based differences, and other neurodevelopmental disorders associated with sensory processing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Ohtani-Kaneko
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Itakura, Oura 374-0193, Japan.
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Pin1 Modulation in Physiological Status and Neurodegeneration. Any Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Type 3 Diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082319. [PMID: 30096758 PMCID: PMC6121450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl isomerases (Peptidylprolyl isomerase, PPIases) are enzymes that catalyze the isomerization between the cis/trans Pro conformations. Three subclasses belong to the class: FKBP (FK506 binding protein family), Cyclophilin and Parvulin family (Pin1 and Par14). Among Prolyl isomerases, Pin1 presents as distinctive feature, the ability of binding to the motif pSer/pThr-Pro that is phosphorylated by kinases. Modulation of Pin1 is implicated in cellular processes such as mitosis, differentiation and metabolism: The enzyme is dysregulated in many diverse pathological conditions, i.e., cancer progression, neurodegenerative (i.e., Alzheimer’s diseases, AD) and metabolic disorders (i.e., type 2 diabetes, T2D). Indeed, Pin1 KO mice develop a complex phenotype of premature aging, cognitive impairment in elderly mice and neuronal degeneration resembling that of the AD in humans. In addition, since the molecule modulates glucose homeostasis in the brain and peripherally, Pin1 KO mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, peripheral glucose intolerance and diabetic vascular dysfunction. In this review, we revise first critically the role of Pin1 in neuronal development and differentiation and then focus on the in vivo studies that demonstrate its pivotal role in neurodegenerative processes and glucose homeostasis. We discuss evidence that enables us to speculate about the role of Pin1 as molecular link in the pathogenesis of type 3 diabetes i.e., the clinical association of dementia/AD and T2D.
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CRMP2 and CRMP4 Are Differentially Required for Axon Guidance and Growth in Zebrafish Retinal Neurons. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:8791304. [PMID: 30034463 PMCID: PMC6032661 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8791304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are directed to their correct targets by guidance cues during neurodevelopment. Many axon guidance cues have been discovered; however, much less known is about how the growth cones transduce the extracellular guidance cues to intracellular responses. Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of intracellular proteins that have been found to mediate growth cone behavior in vitro; however, their roles in vivo in axon development are much less explored. In zebrafish embryos, we find that CRMP2 and CRMP4 are expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer when retinal axons are crossing the midline. Knocking down CRMP2 causes reduced elongation and premature termination of the retinal axons, while knocking down CRMP4 results in ipsilateral misprojections of retinal axons that would normally project to the contralateral brain. Furthermore, CRMP4 synchronizes with neuropilin 1 in retinal axon guidance, suggesting that CRMP4 might mediate the semaphorin/neuropilin signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that CRMP2 and CRMP4 function differentially in axon development in vivo.
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Boente-Juncal A, Méndez AG, Vale C, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. In Vitro Effects of Chronic Spirolide Treatment on Human Neuronal Stem Cell Differentiation and Cholinergic System Development. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29518322 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirolides (SPX) are marine toxins, produced by dinoflagellates that act as potent antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These compounds are not toxic for humans, and since there are no reports of human intoxications caused by this group of toxins they are not yet currently regulated in Europe. Currently 13-desmethyl spirolide C, 13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C, and 20-methyl spirolide G are commercially available as reference materials. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that after 4 days of treatment of primary mice cortical neurons with 13-desmethyl spirolide C, the compound ameliorated the glutamate induced toxicity and increased acetylcholine levels and the expression of the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme being useful both in vitro and in vivo to decrease the brain pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we aimed to extend the study of the neuronal effects of spirolides in human neuronal cells. To this end, human neuronal progenitor cells CTX0E16 were employed to evaluate the in vitro effect of spirolides on neuronal development. The results presented here indicate that long-term exposure (30 days) of human neuronal stem cells to SPX compounds, at concentrations up to 50 nM, ameliorated the MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and increased the expression of neuritic and dendritic markers, the levels of the choline acetyltransferase enzyme and the protein levels of the α7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These effects are presumably due to the previously described interaction of these compounds with nicotinic receptors containing both α7 and α4 subunits. All together, these data emphasize the idea that SPX could be attractive lead molecules against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boente-Juncal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Aida G. Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
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Vainshenker Y, Zinserling V, Korotkov A, Medvedev S. Noncanonical Adult Human Neurogenesis and Axonal Growth as Possible Structural Basis of Recovery From Traumatic Vegetative State. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2017; 10:1179547617732040. [PMID: 28979176 PMCID: PMC5617086 DOI: 10.1177/1179547617732040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patient recovering from traumatic vegetative state has suddenly died from cardiac arrest. In-life improvement of consciousness appeared after reduction of generalized spasticity due to botulinum toxin administration. Neuropathologic examination revealed Musashi1+, Nestin+, PCNA+, and Ki67+ cells in the hippocampus, frontal, parietal and occipital cortex, caudate, thalamus, mammillary bodies, brainstem, cerebellum, and near the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle. New neurons with neurite growth (TUC4+) appeared in corpus callosum. At the same time, axonal growth was detected in all areas of interest. New cells whose functional state was continuously improving, as revealed by in-life neurologic and positron emission tomography monitoring, have mainly been found in brain areas without neuropathologic signs of damage. We suggest that the possible role of neurogenesis consists in improvement of the microenvironment and interneuron interactions, whereas the activation of neurogenesis and the induction of neurite growth may be associated with reduction of spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Vainshenker
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHB RAS), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Zinserling
- Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Pathology, S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Korotkov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHB RAS), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav Medvedev
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHB RAS), Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Guo H, Xia B. Collapsin response mediator protein 4 isoforms (CRMP4a and CRMP4b) have opposite effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:565. [PMID: 27475326 PMCID: PMC4967517 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) were originally identified in the nervous system and are involved in neuronal development. Similar to CRMP1, CRMP4 has a shorter transcript encoding a short isoform known as CRMP4a, and a longer transcript encoding a long isoform known as CRMP4b. Previous studies have shown that CRMP4a and CRMP4b exhibit opposing functions in neurite outgrowth. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether CRMP4a and CRMP4b have divergent effects in gastric cancer. Methods We first analyzed the mRNA and protein expression levels of CRMP4a and CRMP4b in surgical resected specimens, gastric cancer cell lines and normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 by quantitative real-time PCR. Open reading frame and CRMP4b shRNA were generated by lentivirus package and stable cells stably expressing CRMP4a open reading frame and CRMP4b shRNA were constructed. Then the roles of CRMP4a and CRMP4b in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and adhesion were determined by cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry analysis, transwell migration and invasion assays, cell Adhesion Assay, and tumorigenicity assays in nude mice, respectively. Results CRMP4a expression was lower and CRMP4b expression was higher in tumor tissue samples as compared to paired non-tumor tissue samples. Additionally, CRMP4a expression was lower and CRMP4b expression was higher in gastric cancer cell lines than in the normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. CRMP4a overexpression and CRMP4b silencing suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, CRMP4a overexpression and CRMP4b silencing induced a significant G1-phase arrest and a decrease of the percentage of cells in S-phase. Furthermore, CRMP4a overexpression and CRMP4b silencing inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. However, neither CRMP4a overexpression nor CRMP4b silencing affected apoptosis. Conclusion These results indicate that CRMP4a and CRMP4b have opposite effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Guo
- Department of gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Department of gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Cha C, Zhang J, Ji Z, Tan M, Li S, Wu F, Chen K, Gong S, Guo G, Lin H. CRMP4 regulates dendritic growth and maturation via the interaction with actin cytoskeleton in cultured hippocampal neurons. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:286-94. [PMID: 27339813 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CRMP family proteins (CRMPs) are critical for neurite outgrowth and maturation in the developing nervous system. However, the distinct roles of CRMP isoforms remain to be elucidated, especially in dendritic development. Here, we show that CRMP4 is sufficient and necessary for dendritic growth and maturation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of CRMP4 promotes and genetic knockdown of CRMP4 inhibits the amount of dendritic tips, total dendritic length, spine density, and the frequency but not amplitude of miniature excitatory synaptic current. By GST-pulldown assay, we reveal that CRMP4 interacts with actin cytoskeleton by its C-terminal region, but not by N-terminal. Overexpression of actin-interacting region of CRMP4 promoted dendritic growth and maturation as CRMP4 wildtype. Taken together, these results suggest that CRMP4 is involved in dendritic development via the interaction with actin cytoskeleton in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihui Cha
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fengming Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Keen Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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15
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Nagai J, Baba R, Ohshima T. CRMPs Function in Neurons and Glial Cells: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases and CNS Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4243-4256. [PMID: 27339876 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is fundamentally accelerated by its intrinsic neuronal mechanisms, including its poor regenerative capacity and potent extrinsic inhibitory factors. Thus, the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases faces many obstacles. The degenerative processes, consisting of axonal/dendritic structural disruption, abnormal axonal transport, release of extracellular factors, and inflammation, are often controlled by the cytoskeleton. From this perspective, regulators of the cytoskeleton could potentially be a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injury. Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are known to regulate the assembly of cytoskeletal proteins in neurons, as well as control axonal growth and neural circuit formation. Recent studies have provided some novel insights into the roles of CRMPs in several inhibitory signaling pathways of neurodegeneration, in addition to its functions in neurological disorders and CNS repair. Here, we summarize the roles of CRMPs in axon regeneration and its emerging functions in non-neuronal cells, especially in inflammatory responses. We also discuss the direct and indirect targeting of CRMPs as a novel therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nagai
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Baba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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16
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Li C, Jiang W, Hu Q, Li LC, Dong L, Chen R, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Thrasher JB, Liu CB, Li B. Enhancing DPYSL3 gene expression via a promoter-targeted small activating RNA approach suppresses cancer cell motility and metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:22893-910. [PMID: 27014974 PMCID: PMC5008410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore a novel strategy in suppressing tumor metastasis, we took the advantage of a recent RNA activation (RNAa) theory and used small double-strand RNA molecules, termed as small activating RNAs (saRNA) that are complimentary to target gene promoter, to enhance transcription of metastasis suppressor gene. The target gene in this study is Dihydro-pyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3, protein name CRMP4), which was identified as a metastatic suppressor in prostate cancers. There are two transcriptional variants of DPYSL3 gene in human genome, of which the variant 2 is the dominant transcript (DPYSL3v2, CRMP4a) but is also significantly down-regulated in primary prostate cancers. A total of 8 saRNAs for DPYSL3v1 and 14 saRNAs for DPYSL3v2 were tested in multiple prostate cancer cell lines. While none of the saRNAs significantly altered DPYSL3v1 expression, 4 saRNAs showed a strong enhancing effect on DPYSL3v2 expression, resulting in reduced cell mobility in vitro. To achieve a prostate cancer-specific delivery for in vivo testing, we conjugated the most potent saV2-9 RNA molecule with the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting aptamer A10-3.2. The conjugates successful increased DPYSL3v2 gene expression in PSMA-positive but not PSMA-negative prostate cancer cells. In nude mice bearing orthotopic xenograft of prostate cancer, a 10-day consecutive treatment with the saV2-9 conjugates significantly suppress distal metastasis compared to the control saRNAs. Analysis of xenograft tissues revealed that DPYSL3v2 expression was largely increased in saV2-9 conjugate-treated group compared to the control group. In conclusion, DPYSL3v2 promoter-targeted saRNA molecules might be used as an adjunctive therapy to suppress prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Li
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wencong Jiang
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Qingting Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Long-cheng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ruibao Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yinghong Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yuzhe Tang
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - J. Brantley Thrasher
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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17
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Eira J, Silva CS, Sousa MM, Liz MA. The cytoskeleton as a novel therapeutic target for old neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 141:61-82. [PMID: 27095262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton defects, including alterations in microtubule stability, in axonal transport as well as in actin dynamics, have been characterized in several unrelated neurodegenerative conditions. These observations suggest that defects of cytoskeleton organization may be a common feature contributing to neurodegeneration. In line with this hypothesis, drugs targeting the cytoskeleton are currently being tested in animal models and in human clinical trials, showing promising effects. Drugs that modulate microtubule stability, inhibitors of posttranslational modifications of cytoskeletal components, specifically compounds affecting the levels of tubulin acetylation, and compounds targeting signaling molecules which regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, constitute the mostly addressed therapeutic interventions aiming at preventing cytoskeleton damage in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss in a critical perspective the current knowledge on cytoskeleton damage pathways as well as therapeutic strategies designed to revert cytoskeleton-related defects mainly focusing on the following neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eira
- Neurodegeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos Silva
- Neurodegeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Mendes Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Almeida Liz
- Neurodegeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Harada S, Matsuura W, Takano M, Tokuyama S. Withdrawal: Proteomic Profiling in the Spinal Cord and Sciatic Nerve in a Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Mechanical Allodynia Mouse Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:230-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Wataru Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Masaoki Takano
- Department of Life Sciences Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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19
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Menon S, Gupton SL. Building Blocks of Functioning Brain: Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neuronal Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:183-245. [PMID: 26940519 PMCID: PMC4809367 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural connectivity requires proper polarization of neurons, guidance to appropriate target locations, and establishment of synaptic connections. From when neurons are born to when they finally reach their synaptic partners, neurons undergo constant rearrangment of the cytoskeleton to achieve appropriate shape and polarity. Of particular importance to neuronal guidance to target locations is the growth cone at the tip of the axon. Growth-cone steering is also dictated by the underlying cytoskeleton. All these changes require spatiotemporal control of the cytoskeletal machinery. This review summarizes the proteins that are involved in modulating the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the various stages of neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Neuroscience Center and Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
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20
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Gong X, Tan M, Gao Y, Chen K, Guo G. CRMP‑5 interacts with actin to regulate neurite outgrowth. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1179-85. [PMID: 26677106 PMCID: PMC4732841 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CRMP family proteins (CRMPs) are abundantly expressed in the developing nervous system mediating growth cone guidance, neuronal polarity and axon elongation. CRMP-5 has been indicated to serve a critical role in neurite outgrowth. However, the detailed mechanisms of how CRMP-5 regulates neurite outgrowth remain unclear. In the current study, co-immunoprecipitation was used to identify the fact that CRMP-5 interacted with the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton networks in the growth cones of developing hippocampal neurons. CRMP-5 exhibited increased affinity towards actin when compared with microtubules. Immunocytochemistry was used to identify the fact that CRMP-5 colocalized with actin predominantly in the C-domain and T-zone in growth cones. In addition, genetic inhibition of CRMP-5 by siRNA suppressed the expression of actin, growth cone development and neurite outgrowth. Overexpression of CRMP-5 promoted the interaction with actin, growth cone development and hippocampal neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these data suggest that CRMP-5 is able to interact with the actin cytoskeleton network in the growth cone and affect growth cone development and neurite outgrowth via this interaction in developing hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Keen Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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21
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Balastik M, Zhou XZ, Alberich-Jorda M, Weissova R, Žiak J, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Cosker KE, Machonova O, Kozmikova I, Chen CH, Pastorino L, Asara JM, Cole A, Sutherland C, Segal RA, Lu KP. Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Regulates Axon Guidance by Stabilizing CRMP2A Selectively in Distal Axons. Cell Rep 2015; 13:812-828. [PMID: 26489457 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance relies on precise translation of extracellular signal gradients into local changes in cytoskeletal dynamics, but the molecular mechanisms regulating dose-dependent responses of growth cones are still poorly understood. Here, we show that during embryonic development in growing axons, a low level of Semaphorin3A stimulation is buffered by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. We demonstrate that Pin1 stabilizes CDK5-phosphorylated CRMP2A, the major isoform of CRMP2 in distal axons. Consequently, Pin1 knockdown or knockout reduces CRMP2A levels specifically in distal axons and inhibits axon growth, which can be fully rescued by Pin1 or CRMP2A expression. Moreover, Pin1 knockdown or knockout increases sensitivity to Sema3A-induced growth cone collapse in vitro and in vivo, leading to developmental abnormalities in axon guidance. These results identify an important isoform-specific function and regulation of CRMP2A in controlling axon growth and uncover Pin1-catalyzed prolyl isomerization as a regulatory mechanism in axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Balastik
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Weissova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Žiak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Maria F Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katharina E Cosker
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olga Machonova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Kozmikova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lucia Pastorino
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adam Cole
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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22
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CRMPs: critical molecules for neurite morphogenesis and neuropsychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1037-45. [PMID: 26077693 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal polarity and spatial rearrangement of neuronal processes are central to the development of all mature nervous systems. Recent studies have highlighted the dynamic expression of Collapsin-Response-Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) in neuronal dendritic/axonal compartments, described their interaction with cytoskeleton proteins, identified their ability to activate L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and delineated their crucial role as signaling molecules essential for neuron differentiation and neural network development and maintenance. In addition, evidence obtained from genome-wide/genetic linkage/proteomic/translational approaches revealed that CRMP expression is altered in human pathologies including mental (schizophrenia and mood disorders) and neurological (Alzheimer's, prion encephalopathy, epilepsy and others) disorders. Changes in CRMPs levels have been observed after psychotropic treatments, and disrupting CRMP2 binding to calcium channels blocked neuropathic pain. These observations, altogether with those obtained from genetically modified mice targeting individual CRMPs and RNA interference approaches, pave the way for considering CRMPs as potential early disease markers and modulation of their activity as therapeutic strategy for disorders associated with neurite abnormalities.
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23
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Tokuda K, Kuramitsu Y, Byron B, Kitagawa T, Tokuda N, Kobayashi D, Nagayama M, Araki N, Sonoda KH, Nakamura K. Up-regulation of DRP-3 long isoform during the induction of neural progenitor cells by glutamate treatment in the ex vivo rat retina. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:593-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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CRMP4 and CRMP2 Interact to Coordinate Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Regulating Growth Cone Development and Axon Elongation. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:947423. [PMID: 26064693 PMCID: PMC4442009 DOI: 10.1155/2015/947423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton dynamics are critical phenomena that underpin many fundamental cellular processes. Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are highly expressed in the developing nervous system, mediating growth cone guidance, neuronal polarity, and axonal elongation. However, whether and how CRMPs associate with microtubules and actin coordinated cytoskeletal dynamics remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that CRMP2 and CRMP4 interacted with tubulin and actin in vitro and colocalized with the cytoskeleton in the transition-zone in developing growth cones. CRMP2 and CRMP4 also interacted with one another coordinately to promote growth cone development and axonal elongation. Genetic silencing of CRMP2 enhanced, whereas overexpression of CRMP2 suppressed, the inhibitory effects of CRMP4 knockdown on axonal development. In addition, knockdown of CRMP2 or overexpression of truncated CRMP2 reversed the promoting effect of CRMP4. With the overexpression of truncated CRMP2 or CRMP4 lacking the cytoskeleton interaction domain, the promoting effect of CRMP was suppressed. These data suggest a model in which CRMP2 and CRMP4 form complexes to bridge microtubules and actin and thus work cooperatively to regulate growth cone development and axonal elongation.
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25
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Doh MS, Han DMR, Oh DH, Kim SH, Choi MR, Chai YG. Profiling of Proteins Regulated by Venlafaxine during Neural Differentiation of Human Cells. Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:81-91. [PMID: 25670950 PMCID: PMC4310925 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antidepressants are known to positively influence several factors in patients with depressive disorders, resulting in increased neurogenesis and subsequent relief of depressive disorders. To study the effects of venlafaxine during neural differentiation at the cellular level, we looked at its effect on protein expression and regulation mechanisms during neural differentiation. METHODS After exposing NCCIT cell-derived EBs to venlafaxine during differentiation (1 day and 7 days), changes in protein expression were analyzed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Gene levels of proteins regulated by venlafaxine were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Treatment with venlafaxine decreased expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HB), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2K (HIP2) and plastin 3 (T-plastin), and up-regulated expression of growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3), dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3), and pyruvate kinase (PKM) after differentiation for 1 and 7 days. In cells exposed to venlafaxine, the mRNA expression patterns of HIP2 and PKM, which function as negative and positive regulators of differentiation and neuronal survival, respectively, were consistent with the observed changes in protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings may contribute to improve understanding of molecular mechanism of venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sook Doh
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Mu Ri Han
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Khazaei MR, Girouard MP, Alchini R, Ong Tone S, Shimada T, Bechstedt S, Cowan M, Guillet D, Wiseman PW, Brouhard G, Cloutier JF, Fournier AE. Collapsin response mediator protein 4 regulates growth cone dynamics through the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30133-43. [PMID: 25225289 PMCID: PMC4208019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated control of the growth cone cytoskeleton underlies axon extension and guidance. Members of the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family of cytosolic phosphoproteins regulate the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, but their roles in regulating growth cone dynamics remain largely unexplored. Here, we examine how CRMP4 regulates the growth cone cytoskeleton. Hippocampal neurons from CRMP4-/- mice exhibited a selective decrease in axon extension and reduced growth cone area, whereas overexpression of CRMP4 enhanced the formation and length of growth cone filopodia. Biochemically, CRMP4 can impact both microtubule assembly and F-actin bundling in vitro. Through a structure function analysis of CRMP4, we found that the effects of CRMP4 on axon growth and growth cone morphology were dependent on microtubule assembly, whereas filopodial extension relied on actin bundling. Intriguingly, anterograde movement of EB3 comets, which track microtubule protrusion, slowed significantly in neurons derived from CRMP4-/- mice, and rescue of microtubule dynamics required CRMP4 activity toward both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Together, this study identified a dual role for CRMP4 in regulating the actin and microtubule growth cone cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad R Khazaei
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Girouard
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ricardo Alchini
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stephan Ong Tone
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Tadayuki Shimada
- Neural Plasticity Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | | | - Mitra Cowan
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal H3A 2T8, Canada, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3A 2K6, Canada, and
| | - Gary Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Cloutier
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada,
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Lee JY, Taghian K, Petratos S. Axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: can we predict and prevent permanent disability? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:97. [PMID: 25159125 PMCID: PMC4243718 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a major determinant of permanent neurological impairment during multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to the variable course of clinical disease and the heterogeneity of MS lesions, the mechanisms governing axonal degeneration may differ between disease stages. While the etiology of MS remains elusive, there now exist potential prognostic biomarkers that can predict the conversion to clinically definite MS. Specialized imaging techniques identifying axonal injury and drop-out are becoming established in clinical practice as a predictive measure of MS progression, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, these imaging techniques are still being debated as predictive biomarkers since controversy surrounds their lesion-specific association with expanded disability status scale (EDSS). A more promising diagnostic measure of axonal degeneration has been argued for the detection of reduced N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Creatine ratios via magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging, but again fail with its specificity for predicting actual axonal degeneration. Greater accuracy of predictive biomarkers is therefore warranted and may include CSF neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) levels, for progressive MS. Furthermore, defining the molecular mechanisms that occur during the neurodegenerative changes in the various subgroups of MS may in fact prove vital for the future development of efficacious neuroprotective therapies. The clinical translation of a combined Na+ and Ca2+ channel blocker may lead to the establishment of a bona fide neuroprotective agent for the treatment of progressive MS. However, more specific therapeutic targets to limit axonal damage in MS need investigation and may include such integral axonal proteins such as the collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), a molecule which upon post-translational modification may propagate axonal degeneration in MS. In this review, we discuss the current clinical determinants of axonal damage in MS and consider the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may initiate these neurodegenerative changes. In particular we highlight the therapeutic candidates that may formulate novel therapeutic strategies to limit axonal degeneration and EDSS during progressive MS.
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Ponnusamy R, Lebedev AA, Pahlow S, Lohkamp B. Crystal structure of human CRMP-4: correction of intensities for lattice-translocation disorder. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:1680-94. [PMID: 24914979 PMCID: PMC4051505 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714006634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are cytosolic phosphoproteins that are mainly involved in neuronal cell development. In humans, the CRMP family comprises five members. Here, crystal structures of human CRMP-4 in a truncated and a full-length version are presented. The latter was determined from two types of crystals, which were either twinned or partially disordered. The crystal disorder was coupled with translational NCS in ordered domains and manifested itself with a rather sophisticated modulation of intensities. The data were demodulated using either the two-lattice treatment of lattice-translocation effects or a novel method in which demodulation was achieved by independent scaling of several groups of intensities. This iterative protocol does not rely on any particular parameterization of the modulation coefficients, but uses the current refined structure as a reference. The best results in terms of R factors and map correlation coefficients were obtained using this new method. The determined structures of CRMP-4 are similar to those of other CRMPs. Structural comparison allowed the confirmation of known residues, as well as the identification of new residues, that are important for the homo- and hetero-oligomerization of these proteins, which are critical to nerve-cell development. The structures provide further insight into the effects of medically relevant mutations of the DPYSL-3 gene encoding CRMP-4 and the putative enzymatic activities of CRMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ponnusamy
- Instituto de Technologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andrey A. Lebedev
- Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, England
| | - Steffen Pahlow
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lohkamp
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 6, 4tr, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Prashar P, Yadav PS, Samarjeet F, Bandyopadhyay A. Microarray meta-analysis identifies evolutionarily conserved BMP signaling targets in developing long bones. Dev Biol 2014; 389:192-207. [PMID: 24583261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, BMP signaling has been demonstrated to be sufficient for bone formation in several tissue contexts. This suggests that genes necessary for bone formation are expressed in a BMP signaling dependent manner. However, till date no gene has been reported to be expressed in a BMP signaling dependent manner in bone. Our aim was to identify such genes. On searching the literature we found that several microarray experiments have been conducted where the transcriptome of osteogenic cells in absence and presence of BMP signaling activation have been compared. However, till date, there is no evidence to suggest that any of the genes found to be upregulated in presence of BMP signaling in these microarray analyses is indeed a target of BMP signaling in bone. We wanted to utilize this publicly available information to identify candidate BMP signaling target genes in vivo. We performed a meta-analysis of six such comparable microarray datasets. This analysis and subsequent experiments led to the identification of five targets of BMP signaling in bone that are conserved both in mouse and chick. Of these Lox, Klf10 and Gpr97 are likely to be direct transcriptional targets of BMP signaling pathway. Dpysl3, is a novel BMP signaling target identified in our study. Our data demonstrate that Dpysl3 is important for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells and is involved in cell secretion. We have demonstrated that the expression of Dpysl3 is co-operatively regulated by BMP signaling and Runx2. Based on our experimental data, in silico analysis of the putative promoter-enhancer regions of Bmp target genes and existing literature, we hypothesize that BMP signaling collaborates with multiple signaling pathways to regulate the expression of a unique set of genes involved in endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Prashar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Swaroop Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fnu Samarjeet
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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30
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Tan F, Thiele CJ, Li Z. Collapsin response mediator proteins: Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancers (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1333-1340. [PMID: 24765134 PMCID: PMC3997700 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) were originally identified as mediators of semaphorin 3A signaling and neuronal differentiation. The CRMP family consists of five homologous cytosolic proteins, CRMP1-5. Altered expression levels of CRMPs have been observed in several malignant tumors, including lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and neuroendocrine lung cancer. The aim of the current study was to review the recent progress achieved in understanding the association between the different levels of CRMP expression in tumors and their involvement in pathological functions, such as tumor metastasis, disease progression, subtype differentiation and clinical outcome, to address the potential value of CRMPs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhijie Li
- Research Center for Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Omran AG, He F, Deng X, Wu L, Peng J, Yin F. Screening and identification of dynamin-1 interacting proteins in rat brain synaptosomes. Brain Res 2013; 1543:17-27. [PMID: 24211660 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin-1 is a multi-domain GTPase that is crucial for the fission stage of synaptic vesicle recycling and vesicle trafficking. In this study, we constructed prokaryotic expression plasmids for the four functional domains of dynamin-1, which are pGEX-4T-2-PH, pGEX-4T-2-PRD, pGEX-4T-2-GED and pGEX-4T-2-GTPase. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to screen and identify dynamin-1 interacting proteins in rat brain synaptosomes. We identified a set of 63 candidate protein interactions, including 36 proteins interacting with dynamin-1 C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD), 14 with pleckstrin-homology domain (PH), 7 with GTPase effector domain (GED) and 6 with GTPase domain, consisting of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, metabolic enzymes and other proteins. We selected three previously unreported dynamin-1 interacting proteins to verify their interaction with dynamin-1 under native conditions. Using co-IP, we found that Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor (Rab GDI) and chloride channel 3 (ClC-3) do interact with dynamin-1, but not with TUC-4b (the TOAD-64/Ulip/CRMP (TUC) family member). Those novel interactions detected in our study offer valuable insight into the protein-protein interacting network that could enhance our understanding of dynamin-1 mediated synaptic vesicle recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciliu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Ahmed Galal Omran
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Xiaolu Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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32
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Manivannan J, Tay SSW, Ling EA, Dheen ST. Dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 regulates the inflammatory response of activated microglia. Neuroscience 2013; 253:40-54. [PMID: 23988434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, are known to respond to injuries, infection and inflammation in the CNS by producing proinflammatory cytokines and phagocytosing cell debris and pathogens. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and role of dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (Dpysl3), a member of collapsin response mediator protein family, on the inflammatory reaction of microglia. Microarray analysis comparing the global gene expression profile of ameboid and ramified microglia has shown that Dpysl3 is mainly expressed in ameboid microglia in the 5-day postnatal rat brain. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Dpysl3 was intensely expressed in ameboid microglial cells in the rat brain till postnatal 7th day and then gradually diminished in ramified microglia of 2 weeks postnatal rat brain. Further, in vitro analysis confirmed that Dpysl3 expression was induced in activated BV-2 microglia treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It is well documented that microglial activation by LPS increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines through the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity in BV-2 microglia. However, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Dpysl3 prevented the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and cytokines including interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha as well as nuclear translocation of NF-κB in microglia. Remarkably, knockdown of Dpysl3 inhibited the migration of activated microglia coupled with deranged actin filament configuration (as revealed by F-actin cytoskeleton expression) in lamellipodia projecting from the cells. Knockdown of Dpysl3 also inhibited the phagocytic ability of activated microglia. These findings suggest that knockdown of Dpysl3 can inhibit activation, migration and phagocytic capability of microglia and consequently reduce neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manivannan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Schoch KM, von Reyn CR, Bian J, Telling GC, Meaney DF, Saatman KE. Brain injury-induced proteolysis is reduced in a novel calpastatin-overexpressing transgenic mouse. J Neurochem 2013; 125:909-20. [PMID: 23305291 PMCID: PMC3676438 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The calpain family of calcium-dependent proteases has been implicated in a variety of diseases and neurodegenerative pathologies. Prolonged activation of calpains results in proteolysis of numerous cellular substrates including cytoskeletal components and membrane receptors, contributing to cell demise despite coincident expression of calpastatin, the specific inhibitor of calpains. Pharmacological and gene-knockout strategies have targeted calpains to determine their contribution to neurodegenerative pathology; however, limitations associated with treatment paradigms, drug specificity, and genetic disruptions have produced inconsistent results and complicated interpretation. Specific, targeted calpain inhibition achieved by enhancing endogenous calpastatin levels offers unique advantages in studying pathological calpain activation. We have characterized a novel calpastatin-overexpressing transgenic mouse model, demonstrating a substantial increase in calpastatin expression within nervous system and peripheral tissues and associated reduction in protease activity. Experimental activation of calpains via traumatic brain injury resulted in cleavage of α-spectrin, collapsin response mediator protein-2, and voltage-gated sodium channel, critical proteins for the maintenance of neuronal structure and function. Calpastatin overexpression significantly attenuated calpain-mediated proteolysis of these selected substrates acutely following severe controlled cortical impact injury, but with no effect on acute hippocampal neurodegeneration. Augmenting calpastatin levels may be an effective method for calpain inhibition in traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Schoch
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and Department of
Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | | | - Jifeng Bian
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Department of Microbiology, Immunology,
and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Glenn C. Telling
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Department of Microbiology, Immunology,
and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - David F. Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and Department of
Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
- Address correspondence to: Kathryn E.
Saatman, Ph.D., Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC)
University of Kentucky B473 Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research Building
(BBSRB) 741 South Limestone Street Lexington, KY 40536-0509 (859) 323-5145 (859)
257-5737 (fax)
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Blasco H, Bernard-Marissal N, Vourc'h P, Guettard YO, Sunyach C, Augereau O, Khederchah J, Mouzat K, Antar C, Gordon PH, Veyrat-Durebex C, Besson G, Andersen PM, Salachas F, Meininger V, Camu W, Pettmann B, Andres CR, Corcia P. A rare motor neuron deleterious missense mutation in the DPYSL3 (CRMP4) gene is associated with ALS. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:953-60. [PMID: 23568759 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3) or Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 4a (CRMP4a) expression is modified in neurodegeneration and is involved in several ALS-associated pathways including axonal transport, glutamate excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The objective of the study was to analyze CRMP4 as a risk factor for ALS. We analyzed the DPYSL3/CRMP4 gene in French ALS patients (n = 468) and matched-controls (n = 394). We subsequently examined a variant in a Swedish population (184 SALS, 186 controls), and evaluated its functional effects on axonal growth and survival in motor neuron cell culture. The rs147541241:A>G missense mutation occurred in higher frequency among French ALS patients (odds ratio = 2.99) but the association was not confirmed in the Swedish population. In vitro expression of mutated DPYSL3 in motor neurons reduced axonal growth and accelerated cell death compared with wild type protein. Thus, the association between the rs147541241 variant and ALS was limited to the French population, highlighting the geographic particularities of genetic influences (risks, contributors). The identified variant appears to shorten motor neuron survival through a detrimental effect on axonal growth and CRMP4 could act as a key unifier in transduction pathways leading to neurodegeneration through effects on early axon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Blasco
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
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Xu Y, Quinn CC. MIG-10 functions with ABI-1 to mediate the UNC-6 and SLT-1 axon guidance signaling pathways. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003054. [PMID: 23209429 PMCID: PMC3510047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular guidance cues steer axons towards their targets by eliciting morphological changes in the growth cone. A key part of this process is the asymmetric recruitment of the cytoplasmic scaffolding protein MIG-10 (lamellipodin). MIG-10 is thought to asymmetrically promote outgrowth by inducing actin polymerization. However, the mechanism that links MIG-10 to actin polymerization is not known. We have identified the actin regulatory protein ABI-1 as a partner for MIG-10 that can mediate its outgrowth-promoting activity. The SH3 domain of ABI-1 binds to MIG-10, and loss of function of either of these proteins causes similar axon guidance defects. Like MIG-10, ABI-1 functions in both the attractive UNC-6 (netrin) pathway and the repulsive SLT-1 (slit) pathway. Dosage sensitive genetic interactions indicate that MIG-10 functions with ABI-1 and WVE-1 to mediate axon guidance. Epistasis analysis reveals that ABI-1 and WVE-1 function downstream of MIG-10 to mediate its outgrowth-promoting activity. Moreover, experiments with cultured mammalian cells suggest that the interaction between MIG-10 and ABI-1 mediates a conserved mechanism that promotes formation of lamellipodia. Together, these observations suggest that MIG-10 interacts with ABI-1 and WVE-1 to mediate the UNC-6 and SLT-1 guidance pathways. To form neural circuits, axons must navigate through the developing nervous system to reach their correct targets. Axon navigation is led by the growth cone, a structure at the tip of the growing axon that responds to extracellular guidance cues. Many of these guidance cues and their receptors have been identified. However, much less is known about the internal signaling events that give rise to the structural changes required for growth cone steering. A key component of the internal response is MIG-10, a protein that becomes asymmetrically localized in response to the extracellular cues. MIG-10 is thought to serve as a scaffold that can spatially control outgrowth-promoting proteins within the growth cone. However, we do not know the identity of the outgrowth-promoting proteins that associate with MIG-10. Here we report that MIG-10 associates physically with the actin regulatory protein ABI-1. We present genetic evidence indicating that ABI-1 functions downstream of MIG-10 to mediate its outgrowth-promoting activity. Additional genetic evidence indicates that these proteins function in both attractive and repulsive guidance signaling pathways. We also present evidence suggesting that the connection between MIG-10 and ABI-1 represents a phylogenetically conserved mechanism for the control of cellular outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher C. Quinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Niisato E, Nagai J, Yamashita N, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Goshima Y, Ohshima T. CRMP4 suppresses apical dendrite bifurcation of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:1447-57. [PMID: 22234963 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of cytosolic phosphoproteins that consist of 5 members (CRMP 1-5). CRMP2 and CRMP4 regulate neurite outgrowth by binding to tubulin heterodimers, resulting in the assembly of microtubules. CRMP2 also mediates the growth cone collapse response to the repulsive guidance molecule semaphorin-3A (Sema3A). However, the role of CRMP4 in Sema3A signaling and its function in the developing mouse brain remain unclear. We generated CRMP4-/- mice in order to study the in vivo function of CRMP4 and identified a phenotype of proximal bifurcation of apical dendrites in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of CRMP4-/- mice. We also observed increased dendritic branching in cultured CRMP4-/- hippocampal neurons as well as in cultured cortical neurons treated with CRMP4 shRNA. Sema3A induces extension and branching of the dendrites of hippocampal neurons; however, these inductions were compromised in the CRMP4-/- hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that CRMP4 suppresses apical dendrite bifurcation of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the mouse hippocampus and that this is partly dependent on Sema3A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Niisato
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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37
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Khanna R, Wilson SM, Brittain JM, Weimer J, Sultana R, Butterfield A, Hensley K. Opening Pandora's jar: a primer on the putative roles of CRMP2 in a panoply of neurodegenerative, sensory and motor neuron, and central disorders. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012; 7:749-771. [PMID: 23308041 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CRMP2, also known as DPYSL2/DRP2, Unc-33, Ulip or TUC2, is a cytosolic phosphoprotein that mediates axon/dendrite specification and axonal growth. Mapping the CRMP2 interactome has revealed previously unappreciated functions subserved by this protein. Together with its canonical roles in neurite growth and retraction and kinesin-dependent axonal transport, it is now known that CRMP2 interacts with numerous binding partners to affect microtubule dynamics; protein endocytosis and vesicular cycling, synaptic assembly, calcium channel regulation and neurotransmitter release. CRMP2 signaling is regulated by post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, oxidation, proteolysis and phosphorylation; the latter being a fulcrum of CRMP2 functions. Here, the putative roles of CRMP2 in a panoply of neurodegenerative, sensory and motor neuron, and central disorders are discussed and evidence is presented for therapeutic strategies targeting CRMP2 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Khanna
- Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul & Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Sophia Therapeutics LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Hiroshima Y, Nakamura F, Miyamoto H, Mori R, Taniguchi K, Matsuyama R, Akiyama H, Tanaka K, Ichikawa Y, Kato S, Kobayashi N, Kubota K, Nagashima Y, Goshima Y, Endo I. Collapsin response mediator protein 4 expression is associated with liver metastasis and poor survival in pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20 Suppl 3:S369-78. [PMID: 22805864 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with one of the worst mortality rates of all cancers. Recently, collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) were reported to be associated with proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and invasion in several cancers. However, CRMP expression and their role in pancreatic cancer have not been investigated. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of CRMPs in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Expression of crmp genes in 11 pairs of pancreatic cancer and corresponding noncancerous pancreas tissues were examined by real-time RT-PCR. Knockdown of CRMP4 expression using siRNA was examined in pancreatic cancer cell lines to determine whether CRMP4 regulates cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, CRMP4 protein levels in primary tumors of pancreatic cancer (n = 53) were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared with the clinicopathological features of the tumors. RESULTS Of all the CRMPs, only CRMP4 was differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues (p = 0.008). CRMP4 knockdown using siRNA reduced cellular invasion, but did not affect proliferation. The expression of CRMP4 was detected immunohistochemically in 34 (64.2 %) of the 53 pancreatic cancer samples, and CRMP4 expression was correlated with severe venous invasion (p = 0.044), stage (p = 0.019), and liver metastasis (p = 0.021). Multivariate analyses suggested that venous invasion and CRMP4 overexpression were prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that CRMP4 is significantly associated with poor prognosis by promoting liver metastasis and can serve as a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Collapsin response mediator proteins regulate neuronal development and plasticity by switching their phosphorylation status. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:234-46. [PMID: 22351471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) was originally identified as a molecule involved in semaphorin3A signaling. CRMPs are now known to consist of five homologous cytosolic proteins, CRMP1-5. All of them are phosphorylated and highly expressed in the developing and adult nervous system. In vitro experiments have clearly demonstrated that CRMPs play important roles in neuronal development and maturation through the regulation of their phosphorylation. Several recent knockout mice studies have revealed in vivo roles of CRMPs in neuronal migration, neuronal network formation, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal diseases. Dynamic spatiotemporal regulation of phosphorylation status of CRMPs is involved in many aspects of neuronal development.
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McGinn MJ, Colello RJ, Sun D. Age-related proteomic changes in the subventricular zone and their association with neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1159-68. [PMID: 22344963 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system, generation of new neurons persists in the subventricular zone (SVZ) throughout life. However, the capacity for neurogenesis in this region declines with aging. Recent studies have examined the degree of these age-related neurogenic declines and the changes of cytoarchitecture of the SVZ with aging. However, little is known about the molecular changes in the SVZ with aging. In this study, we dissected the SVZs from rats aged postnatal day 28, 3 months, and 24 months. The SVZ tissues were processed for 2-D gel electrophoresis to identify protein changes following aging. Protein spots were subsequently subjected to mass spectrometry analysis to compare age-related alterations in the SVZ proteome. We also examined the level of cell proliferation in the SVZ in animals of these three age groups by using bromodeoxyuridine labeling. We found significant age-related changes in the expression of several proteins that play critical roles in the proliferation and survival of neural stem/progenitor cells in the SVZ. Among these proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase 1, glutathione S-transferase omega, and preproalbumin were increased with aging, whereas collapsin response-mediated protein 4 (CRMP-4), CRMP-5, and microsomal protease ER60 exhibited declines with aging. We have also observed a significant decline of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the SVZ with aging. These alterations in protein expression in the SVZ with aging likely underlie the diminishing proliferative capacity of stem/progenitor cells in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J McGinn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Petratos S, Azari M, Cram D. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that govern β-Amyloid protein-induced neuritic dysfunction in Alzheimer′s disease. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/2278-0521.94982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Maniar TA, Kaplan M, Wang GJ, Shen K, Wei L, Shaw JE, Koushika SP, Bargmann CI. UNC-33 (CRMP) and ankyrin organize microtubules and localize kinesin to polarize axon-dendrite sorting. Nat Neurosci 2011; 15:48-56. [PMID: 22101643 PMCID: PMC4328884 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The polarized distribution of neuronal proteins to axons and dendrites relies upon microtubule-binding proteins such as CRMP, directed motors such as kinesin UNC-104/Kif1A, and diffusion barriers such as ankyrin. The causative relationships between these molecules are unknown. We show here that Caenorhabditis elegans CRMP (UNC-33) acts early in neuronal development, together with ankyrin (UNC-44), to organize microtubule asymmetry and axon-dendrite sorting. In unc-33 and unc-44 mutants, axonal proteins are present in dendrites and vice versa, suggesting bidirectional failures of axon-dendrite identity. UNC-33 protein is localized to axons by unc-44, and enriched in a region that resembles the axon initial segment. unc-33 and unc-44 establish the asymmetric dynamics of axonal and dendritic microtubules; in their absence, microtubules are disorganized, the axonal kinesin UNC-104 invades dendrites, and inappropriate UNC-104 activity randomizes axonal protein sorting. We suggest that UNC-44 and UNC-33 direct polarized sorting through their global effects on neuronal microtubule organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan A Maniar
- Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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Fan Y, Wang L, Zhou F, Zhang Y, Li H, Shan L, Yuan Z. Comparative proteomics of spinal cords of rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. J Proteomics 2011; 75:668-76. [PMID: 21945729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are complex congenital anomalies of the central nervous system, with a prevalence of 5 per 10,000 worldwide. However, current therapeutics for NTDs are unsatisfactory. The neurological complications remain the main problem for therapy. Neurological dysfunction could result from the primary defect or injuries to the uncovered neural tissue in the uterus. However, the pathological changes in the uncovered neural tissue have not been described. Here, we present our comparative proteomics study of the spinal cord from rat fetuses with all-trans retinoic-acid-induced spina bifida aperta. Proteins from spinal cords were subjected to 2-D gel electrophoresis, then protein identification by mass spectrometry. We identified 13 proteins with differential expression between normal spinal cords and those with spina bifida aperta. These identified proteins were reported to be involved in signal transduction, cell adhesion and migration, protein folding and apoptosis. We confirmed 4 identified proteins by immunoblot analysis and assessed their mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR. This is the first comparative proteomics of spinal cords from rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. We demonstrate protein alterations that reflect the pathological situation of the uncovered neural tissue, which may help improve the treatment of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
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Wang Y, Brittain JM, Wilson SM, Khanna R. Emerging roles of collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) as regulators of voltage-gated calcium channels and synaptic transmission. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:172-5. [PMID: 20585514 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.2.10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic N-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (Cav2.2) form part of an extensive macromolecular complex in the presynaptic terminal. Regulation of Cav2.2 is achieved via protein-protein interactions within the terminal and can directly impact transmitter release which is dependent on Ca(2+) influx via these Cav2.2. We recently identified a novel Cav2.2 interacting partner-the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP).1 CRMPs are a family of five proteins implicated in signal transduction of neurite outgrowth and axonal guidance. We showed that CRMP-2, a wellstudied member of this family, interacted with Cav2.2 via direct binding to cytoplasmic loops of Cav2.2. Depolarization enhanced the interaction. Further studies revealed that CRMP-2 facilitated an increase in Cav2.2 current density by inserting more Cav2.2 at the cell surface. As a consequence of CRMP-2-mediated increase in Ca(2+) influx, release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate was also increased. CRMP-2 localized to synapses where, surprisingly, its overexpression increased synapse size. We hypothesize that the CRMP-2-calcium channel interaction represents a novel mechanism for modulation of Ca(2+) influx into nerve terminals and, hence, of synaptic strength. In this addendum, we further discuss the significance of this study and the possible implications to the field.
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Pan SH, Chao YC, Hung PF, Chen HY, Yang SC, Chang YL, Wu CT, Chang CC, Wang WL, Chan WK, Wu YY, Che TF, Wang LK, Lin CY, Lee YC, Kuo ML, Lee CH, Chen JJW, Hong TM, Yang PC. The ability of LCRMP-1 to promote cancer invasion by enhancing filopodia formation is antagonized by CRMP-1. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3189-205. [PMID: 21747164 DOI: 10.1172/jci42975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a predominant cause of death in patients with cancer. It is a complex multistep process that needs to be better understood if we are to develop new approaches to managing tumor metastasis. Tumor cell invasion of the local stroma is suppressed by collapsin response mediator protein-1 (CRMP-1). Recently, we identified a long isoform of CRMP-1 (LCRMP-1), expression of which correlates with cancer cell invasiveness and poor clinical outcome in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report that LCRMP-1 overexpression in noninvasive human cell lines enhanced filopodia formation, cancer cell migration, and invasion via stabilization of actin. This effect required a highly conserved N-terminal region of LCRMP-1 as well as the WASP family verprolin-homologous protein-1/actin nucleation pathway (WAVE-1/actin nucleation pathway). Furthermore, LCRMP-1 appeared to act downstream of Cdc42, a Rho family protein known to be involved in actin rearrangement. In addition, LCRMP-1 associated with CRMP-1, which downregulated cancer cell metastasis by interrupting the association of LCRMP-1 and WAVE-1. Finally, we found that high-level expression of LCRMP-1 and low-level expression of CRMP-1 were associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival in patients with NSCLC. In sum, we show that LCRMP-1 and CRMP-1 have opposing functions in regulating cancer cell invasion and metastasis and propose that this pathway may serve as a potential anticancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Hua Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Background Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) has been implicated in regulating chromosomal alignment and mitotic progression but the physiological substrates mediating these GSK3-dependent effects have not been identified. Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 4 (CRMP4) is a cytosolic phosphoprotein known to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and is a known physiological substrate of GSK3. In this study, we investigate the role of CRMP4 during mitosis. Methodology and Principal Findings Here we demonstrate that during mitosis CRMP4 phosphorylation is regulated in a GSK3-dependent manner. We show that CRMP4 localizes to spindle microtubules during mitosis and loss of CRMP4 disrupts chromosomal alignment and mitotic progression. The effect of CRMP4 on chromosomal alignment is dependent on phosphorylation by GSK3 identifying CRMP4 as a critical GSK3 substrate during mitotic progression. We also provide mechanistic data demonstrating that CRMP4 regulates spindle microtubules consistent with its known role in the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Conclusion and Significance Our findings identify CRMP4 as a key physiological substrate of GSK3 in regulating chromosomal alignment and mitotic progression through its effect on spindle microtubules.
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Tanaka H, Nojima Y, Shoji W, Sato M, Nakayama R, Ohshima T, Okamoto H. Islet1 selectively promotes peripheral axon outgrowth in Rohon-Beard primary sensory neurons. Dev Dyn 2010; 240:9-22. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Heterogeneous intrastriatal pattern of proteins regulating axon growth in normal adult human brain. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 41:458-68. [PMID: 21029775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much controversy regarding the extent of axon regeneration/sprouting ability in adult human brain. However, intrinsic differences in axon/neurite growth capability amongst striatal (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) subdivisions could conceivably underlie, in part, their differential vulnerability in degenerative human brain disorders. To establish whether the distribution of axon growth markers in mature human striatum might be uniform or heterogeneous, we measured the intra-striatal pattern, in autopsied brain of normal subjects (n=40, age 18-99), of proteins involved in regulating axon growth. These proteins included polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), microtubule-associated proteins TUC-4 (TOAD/Ulip/CRAMP-4) and doublecortin (DCX), and Bcl-2. The distribution of the marker proteins within the striatum was heterogeneous and inversely related to the pattern of dopamine loss previously characterized in Parkinson's disease (PD), with levels in nucleus accumbens>caudate>putamen, ventral>dorsal, and rostral putamen>caudal. In contrast, distribution of glial markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DRα and HLA-DR/DQ/DPβ), other Bcl-2 family proteins, and control proteins neuron-specific enolase and α-tubulin in the striatum was either homogeneous or had a pattern unmatched to dopamine loss in PD. The putamen also showed more marked age-dependent decreases in concentrations of PSA-NCAM, TUC-4, and DCX and increases in GFAP levels than caudate. We conclude that the intrastriatal pattern of several key axon growth proteins is heterogeneous in adult human brain. Further investigation will be required to establish whether this pattern, which was inversely correlated with the pattern of dopamine loss in PD, is involved to any extent in the pathophysiology of this degenerative disorder.
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Shinkai-Ouchi F, Yamakawa Y, Hara H, Tobiume M, Nishijima M, Hanada K, Hagiwara K. Identification and structural analysis of C-terminally truncated collapsin response mediator protein-2 in a murine model of prion diseases. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:53. [PMID: 20961402 PMCID: PMC2978134 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that accompany an accumulation of the disease-associated form(s) of prion protein (PrPSc) in the central nervous system. The neuropathological changes in the brain begin with focal deposits of PrPSc, followed by pathomorphological abnormalities of axon terminal degeneration, synaptic loss, atrophy of dendritic trees, and eventual neuronal cell death in the lesions. However, the underlying molecular basis for these neuropathogenic abnormalities is not fully understood. Results In a proteomic analysis of soluble proteins in the brains of mice challenged intracerebrally with scrapie prion (Obihiro I strain), we found that the amount of the full-length form of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2; 61 kDa) decreased in the late stages of the disease, while the amount of its truncated form (56 kDa) increased to comparable levels observed for the full-length form. Detailed analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry showed that the 56-kDa form (named CRMP-2-ΔC) lacked the sequence from serine518 to the C-terminus, including the C-terminal phosphorylation sites important for the regulation of axonal growth and axon-dendrite specification in developing neurons. The invariable size of the mRNA transcript in Northern blot analysis suggested that the truncation was due to post-translational proteolysis. By overexpression of CRMP-2-ΔC in primary cultured neurons, we observed the augmentation of the development of neurite branch tips to the same levels as for CRMP-2T514A/T555A, a non-phosphorylated mimic of the full-length protein. This suggests that the increased level of CRMP-2-ΔC in the brain modulates the integrity of neurons, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the neuronal abnormalities observed in the late stages of the disease. Conclusions We identified the presence of CRMP-2-ΔC in the brain of a murine model of prion disease. Of note, C-terminal truncations of CRMP-2 have been recently observed in models for neurodegenerative disorders such as ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and Wallerian degeneration. While the structural identity of CRMP-2-ΔC in those models remains unknown, the present study should provide clues to the molecular pathology of degenerating neurons in prion diseases in connection with other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Shinkai-Ouchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Tissue proteomics of the human mammary gland: towards an abridged definition of the molecular phenotypes underlying epithelial normalcy. Mol Oncol 2010; 4:539-61. [PMID: 21036680 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our limited understanding of the biological impact of the whole spectrum of early breast lesions together with a lack of accurate molecular-based risk criteria for the diagnosis and assignment of prognostic significance to biopsy findings presents an important problem in the clinical management of patients harboring precancerous breast lesions. As a result, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can better determine the outcome of early breast lesions by identifying subpopulations of cells in breast premalignant disease that are at high-risk of progression to invasive disease. A first step towards achieving this goal will be to define the molecular phenotypes of the various cell types and precursors - generated by the stem cell hierarchy - that are present in normal and benign conditions of the breast. To date there have been very few systematic proteomic studies aimed at characterizing the phenotypes of the different cell subpopulations present in normal human mammary tissue, partly due to the formidable heterogeneity of mammary tissue, but also due to limitations of the current proteomic technologies. Work in our laboratories has attempted to address in a systematic fashion some of these limitations and here we present our efforts to search for biomarkers using normal fresh tissue from non-neoplastic breast samples. From the data generated by the 2D gel-based proteomic profiling we were able to compile a protein database of normal human breast epithelial tissue that was used to support the biomarker discovery program. We review and present new data on the putative cell-progenitor marker cytokeratin 15 (CK15), and describe a novel marker, dihydropyriminidase-related protein 3 (DRP3) that in combination with CK15 and other well known proteins were used to define molecular phenotypes of normal human breast epithelial cells and their progenitors in resting acini, lactating alveoli, and large collecting ducts of the nipple. Preliminary results are also presented concerning DRP3 positive usual ductal hyperplasias (UDHs) and on single cell layer columnar cells (CCCs). At least two bona fide biomarkers of undifferentiated ERα/PgR negative luminal cells emerged from these studies, CK15 and c-KIT, which in combination with transformation markers may lead to the establishment of a protein signature able to identify breast precancerous at risk of progressing to invasive disease.
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