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Alhadidi QM, Bahader GA, Arvola O, Kitchen P, Shah ZA, Salman MM. Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries. J Physiol 2024; 602:3069-3096. [PMID: 37702572 DOI: 10.1113/jp284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte-related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim M Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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She HQ, Sun YF, Chen L, Xiao QX, Luo BY, Zhou HS, Zhou D, Chang QY, Xiong LL. Current analysis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy research issues and future treatment modalities. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1136500. [PMID: 37360183 PMCID: PMC10288156 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1136500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of long-term neurological disability in neonates and adults. Through bibliometric analysis, we analyzed the current research on HIE in various countries, institutions, and authors. At the same time, we extensively summarized the animal HIE models and modeling methods. There are various opinions on the neuroprotective treatment of HIE, and the main therapy in clinical is therapeutic hypothermia, although its efficacy remains to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we discussed the progress of neural circuits, injured brain tissue, and neural circuits-related technologies, providing new ideas for the treatment and prognosis management of HIE with the combination of neuroendocrine and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing She
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Translational Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi-Fei Sun
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Xiao
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Yan Luo
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Su Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Translational Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Quan-Yuan Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Translational Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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3
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Qin Y, Li X, Qiao Y, Zou H, Qian Y, Li X, Zhu Y, Huo W, Wang L, Zhang M. DTI-ALPS: An MR biomarker for motor dysfunction in patients with subacute ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132393. [PMID: 37065921 PMCID: PMC10102345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeBrain glymphatic dysfunction is involved in the pathologic process of acute ischemic stroke (IS). The relationship between brain glymphatic activity and dysfunction in subacute IS has not been fully elucidated. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index was used in this study to explore whether glymphatic activity was related to motor dysfunction in subacute IS patients.MethodsTwenty-six subacute IS patients with a single lesion in the left subcortical region and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The DTI-ALPS index and DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy, FA, and mean diffusivity, MD) were compared within and between groups. Spearman's and Pearson's partial correlation analyses were performed to analyze the relationships of the DTI-ALPS index with Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) scores and with corticospinal tract (CST) integrity in the IS group, respectively.ResultsSix IS patients and two HCs were excluded. The left DTI-ALPS index of the IS group was significantly lower than that of the HC group (t = −3.02, p = 0.004). In the IS group, a positive correlation between the left DTI-ALPS index and the simple Fugl-Meyer motor function score (ρ = 0.52, p = 0.019) and a significant negative correlation between the left DTI-ALPS index and the FA (R = −0.55, p = 0.023) and MD (R = −0.48, p = 0.032) values of the right CST were found.ConclusionsGlymphatic dysfunction is involved in subacute IS. DTI-ALPS could be a potential magnetic resonance (MR) biomarker of motor dysfunction in subacute IS patients. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of IS and provide a new target for alternative treatments for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqiang Qiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huili Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Qian
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoshi Li
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinhu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenli Huo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Lei Wang
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Zhang
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Castany S, Bagó-Mas A, Vela JM, Verdú E, Bretová K, Svobodová V, Dubový P, Boadas-Vaello P. Transient Reflexive Pain Responses and Chronic Affective Nonreflexive Pain Responses Associated with Neuroinflammation Processes in Both Spinal and Supraspinal Structures in Spinal Cord-Injured Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021761. [PMID: 36675275 PMCID: PMC9863935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain is not only characterized by reflexive pain responses, but also emotional or affective nonreflexive pain responses, especially in women. Some pieces of evidence suggest that the activation of the neuroimmune system may be contributing to the manifestation of mood disorders in patients with chronic pain conditions, but the mechanisms that contribute to the development and chronicity of CNP and its associated disorders remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether neuroinflammatory factor over-expression in the spinal cord and supraspinal structures may be associated with reflexive and nonreflexive pain response development from acute SCI phase to 12 weeks post-injury in female mice. The results show that transient reflexive responses were observed during the SCI acute phase associated with transient cytokine overexpression in the spinal cord. In contrast, increased nonreflexive pain responses were observed in the chronic phase associated with cytokine overexpression in supraspinal structures, especially in mPFC. In addition, results revealed that besides cytokines, the mPFC showed an increased glial activation as well as CX3CL1/CX3CR1 upregulation in the neurons, suggesting the contribution of neuron-glia crosstalk in the development of nonreflexive pain responses in the chronic spinal cord injury phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Castany
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Bagó-Mas
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Miguel Vela
- WeLab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karolina Bretová
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktorie Svobodová
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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5
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White MR, VandeVord PJ. Regional variances depict a unique glial-specific inflammatory response following closed-head injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1076851. [PMID: 36909284 PMCID: PMC9996631 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1076851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) constitute a significant health concern with clinical symptoms ranging from headaches to cognitive deficits. Despite the myriad of symptoms commonly reported following this injury, there is still a lack of knowledge on the various pathophysiological changes that occur. Preclinical studies are at the forefront of discovery delineating the changes that occur within this heterogeneous injury, with the emergence of translational models such as closed-head impact models allowing for further exploration of this injury mechanism. In the current study, male rats were subjected to a closed-head controlled cortical impact (cCCI), producing a concussion (mTBI). The pathological effects of this injury were then evaluated using immunoflourescence seven days following. The results exhibited a unique glial-specific inflammatory response, with both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the cortex and hippocampus showing pathological changes following impact. Overall these findings are consistent with glial changes reported following concussions and may contribute to subsequent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Pamela J VandeVord
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Salem VA Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States
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6
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Bice AR, Xiao Q, Kong J, Yan P, Rosenthal ZP, Kraft AW, Smith KP, Wieloch T, Lee JM, Culver JP, Bauer AQ. Homotopic contralesional excitation suppresses spontaneous circuit repair and global network reconnections following ischemic stroke. eLife 2022; 11:e68852. [PMID: 35723585 PMCID: PMC9333991 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding circuit-level manipulations that affect the brain's capacity for plasticity will inform the design of targeted interventions that enhance recovery after stroke. Following stroke, increased contralesional activity (e.g. use of the unaffected limb) can negatively influence recovery, but it is unknown which specific neural connections exert this influence, and to what extent increased contralesional activity affects systems- and molecular-level biomarkers of recovery. Here, we combine optogenetic photostimulation with optical intrinsic signal imaging to examine how contralesional excitatory activity affects cortical remodeling after stroke in mice. Following photothrombosis of left primary somatosensory forepaw (S1FP) cortex, mice either recovered spontaneously or received chronic optogenetic excitation of right S1FP over the course of 4 weeks. Contralesional excitation suppressed perilesional S1FP remapping and was associated with abnormal patterns of stimulus-evoked activity in the unaffected limb. This maneuver also prevented the restoration of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the S1FP network, RSFC in several networks functionally distinct from somatomotor regions, and resulted in persistent limb-use asymmetry. In stimulated mice, perilesional tissue exhibited transcriptional changes in several genes relevant for recovery. Our results suggest that contralesional excitation impedes local and global circuit reconnection through suppression of cortical activity and several neuroplasticity-related genes after stroke, and highlight the importance of site selection for targeted therapeutic interventions after focal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Qingli Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Justin Kong
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | | | - Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Karen P Smith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | | | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
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7
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Ratko M, Habek N, Radmilović MD, Škokić S, Justić H, Barić A, Dugandžić A. Role of uroguanylin's signaling pathway in the development of ischemic stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3720-3737. [PMID: 35445449 PMCID: PMC9542124 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. By affecting bradykinin function, activation of guanylate cyclase (GC)‐A has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after ischaemic stroke, whereas the same has not been confirmed for GC‐B; therefore, we aimed to determine the possible role of GC‐C and its agonist, uroguanylin (UGN), in the development of stroke. In this study, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on wild‐type (WT), GC‐C KO and UGN KO mice. MR images were acquired before and 24 h after MCAO. On brain slices 48 h after MCAO, the Ca2+ response to UGN stimulation was recorded. Our results showed that the absence of GC‐C in GC‐C KO mice resulted in the development of smaller ischaemic lesions compared with WT littermates, which is an opposite effect compared with the effects of GC‐A agonists on brain lesions. WT and UGN KO animals showed a stronger Ca2+ response upon UGN stimulation in astrocytes of the peri‐ischaemic cerebral cortex compared with the same cortical region of the unaffected contralateral hemisphere. This stronger activation was not observed in GC‐C KO animals, which may be the reason for smaller lesion development in GC‐C KO mice. The reason why GC‐C might affect Ca2+ signalling in peri‐ischaemic astrocytes is that GC‐C is expressed in these cells after MCAO, whereas under normoxic conditions, it is expressed mainly in cortical neurons. Stronger activation of the Ca2+‐dependent signalling pathway could lead to the stronger activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger, tissue acidification and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ratko
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Habek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Siniša Škokić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Justić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Barić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Dugandžić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Vahdat S, Pendharkar AV, Chiang T, Harvey S, Uchino H, Cao Z, Kim A, Choy M, Chen H, Lee HJ, Cheng MY, Lee JH, Steinberg GK. Brain-wide neural dynamics of poststroke recovery induced by optogenetic stimulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9465. [PMID: 34380610 PMCID: PMC8357234 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Poststroke optogenetic stimulations can promote functional recovery. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying recovery remain unclear. Elucidating key neural circuits involved in recovery will be invaluable for translating neuromodulation strategies after stroke. Here, we used optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging to map brain-wide neural circuit dynamics after stroke in mice treated with and without optogenetic excitatory neuronal stimulations in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1). We identified key sensorimotor circuits affected by stroke. iM1 stimulation treatment restored activation of the ipsilesional corticothalamic and corticocortical circuits, and the extent of activation was correlated with functional recovery. Furthermore, stimulated mice exhibited higher expression of axonal growth-associated protein 43 in the ipsilesional thalamus and showed increased Synaptophysin+/channelrhodopsin+ presynaptic axonal terminals in the corticothalamic circuit. Selective stimulation of the corticothalamic circuit was sufficient to improve functional recovery. Together, these findings suggest early involvement of corticothalamic circuit as an important mediator of poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahabeddin Vahdat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arjun Vivek Pendharkar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Terrance Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean Harvey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haruto Uchino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhijuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anika Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - ManKin Choy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hansen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Y Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Akhoundzadeh K, Shafia S. Association between GFAP-positive astrocytes with clinically important parameters including neurological deficits and/or infarct volume in stroke-induced animals. Brain Res 2021; 1769:147566. [PMID: 34237322 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of GFAP-positive astrocytes, as positive or negative factors on stroke complications such as infarct volume and neurological deficits is currently under debate. This review was aimed to evaluate and compare the frequency of studies that showed a positive or negative relationship between astrocyte activation with the improvement of neurological deficits and/or the decrease of infarct volume. In addition, we reviewed two possible causes of differences in results including timepoint of stroke and stroke severity. Time of GFAP assessment was considered as time point and type of stroke induction and duration of stroke as stroke severity. According to our review in the most relevant English-language studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2005 to 2020, the majority of studies (77 vs. 28) showed a negative coincidence or correlation between GFAP-positive cells with neurological improvement as well as between GFAP-positive cells with infarct volume reduction. In most reviewed studies, GFAP expression was reported as a marker related to or coinciding with worse neurological function, or greater infarct volume. However, there were also studies that showed helpful effects of GFAP-positive cells on neurological function or stroke lesion. Although there are some elucidations that the difference in these findings is due to the time point of stroke and stroke severity, our review did not confirm these interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakineh Shafia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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10
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Rosa JM, Farré-Alins V, Ortega MC, Navarrete M, Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Palomino-Antolín A, Fernández-López E, Vila-Del Sol V, Decouty C, Narros-Fernández P, Clemente D, Egea J. TLR4 pathway impairs synaptic number and cerebrovascular functions through astrocyte activation following traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3395-3413. [PMID: 33830504 PMCID: PMC8453872 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Activation of astrocytes contributes to synaptic remodelling, tissue repair and neuronal survival following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The mechanisms by which these cells interact to resident/infiltrated inflammatory cells to rewire neuronal networks and repair brain functions remain poorly understood. Here, we explored how TLR4‐induced astrocyte activation modified synapses and cerebrovascular integrity following TBI. Experimental Approach To determine how functional astrocyte alterations induced by activation of TLR4 pathway in inflammatory cells regulate synapses and neurovascular integrity after TBI, we used pharmacology, genetic approaches, live calcium imaging, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity assessment and molecular and behavioural methods. Key Results Shortly after a TBI, there is a recruitment of excitable and reactive astrocytes mediated by TLR4 pathway activation with detrimental effects on post‐synaptic density‐95 (PSD‐95)/vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) synaptic puncta, BBB integrity and neurological outcome. Pharmacological blockage of the TLR4 pathway with resatorvid (TAK‐242) partially reversed many of the observed effects. Synapses and BBB recovery after resatorvid administration were not observed in IP3R2−/− mice, indicating that effects of TLR4 inhibition depend on the subsequent astrocyte activation. In addition, TBI increased the astrocytic‐protein thrombospondin‐1 necessary to induce a synaptic recovery in a sub‐acute phase. Conclusions and Implications Our data demonstrate that TLR4‐mediated signalling, most probably through microglia and/or infiltrated monocyte–astrocyte communication, plays a crucial role in the TBI pathophysiology and that its inhibition prevents synaptic loss and BBB damage accelerating tissue recovery/repair, which might represent a therapeutic potential in CNS injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Rosa
- Experimental Neurophysiology and Neuronal Circuits Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Farré-Alins
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cristina Ortega
- Neuroinmune-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Navarrete
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Palomino-Antolín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-López
- Experimental Neurophysiology and Neuronal Circuits Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Virginia Vila-Del Sol
- Flow Cytometry Service, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Céline Decouty
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Narros-Fernández
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Clemente
- Neuroinmune-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Liu M, Beckett TL, Thomason LAM, Dorr A, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J. Covert strokes prior to Alzheimer's disease onset accelerate peri-lesional pathology but not cognitive deficits in an inducible APP mouse model. Brain Res 2021; 1754:147233. [PMID: 33412147 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 1 in 3 healthy middle-aged adults will have had a covert stroke during their lifetime. Furthermore, post-stroke, survivors are more than twice as likely to develop dementia. In the present study, we aimed to model the impact of focal subclinical ischemia prior to the onset of AD pathogenesis in a preclinical model. We utilized endothelin-1 to induce ischemia in an iducible transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, APPsi:tTA, allowing for temporal control of APP gene expression. We induced the focal subclinical ischemic events in the absence of APP expression, thus prior to AD onset. T2 structural magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the volume and location of focal subclinical ischemic lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex. Following recovery from surgery and 7 weeks of APP expression, we found that two subclinical ischemic lesions resulted in a significant localized increase in amyloid load and in microglial activation proximal to the lesion. However, no differences were found in astrogliosis. A battery of behaviour tests was conducted, in which no significant differences were detected in activities of daily living and cognitive function between stroked and sham cohorts. Overall, our results demonstrated that APP expression was the sole driving force behind behavioural deficits. In conclusion, our results suggest that a history of two subclinical strokes prior to AD onset does not worsen early disease trajectory in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Tina L Beckett
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Adrienne Dorr
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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An Enriched Environment Enhances Angiogenesis Surrounding the Cingulum in Ischaemic Stroke Rats. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8840319. [PMID: 33273907 PMCID: PMC7676980 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8840319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An enriched environment (EE) has been demonstrated to improve functional recovery in animal models of ischaemic stroke through enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) mediated neuroprotection accompanied by angiogenesis in the ischaemic hemisphere. Whether EEs also promote VEGF-mediated neuroprotection and angiogenesis in the contralateral hemisphere remains unclear. Here, we explored the effect of EEs on VEGF expression and angiogenesis within the contralateral cerebral cortex in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/r) model. We assessed the expression levels of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), VEGF, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the whole contralateral cerebral cortex using Western blotting assay but did not find an increase in the expression of CD31, VEGF, or eNOS in MCAO/r rats housed in EEs, which suggested that EEs did not enhance the overall expression of VEGF and eNOS or angiogenesis in the entire contralateral cortex. We further analysed the local effect of EEs by immunohistochemistry and found that in and around the bilateral cingulum in MCAO/r rats housed in EEs, haematopoietic progenitor cell antigen- (CD34-) positive endothelial progenitor cells were significantly increased compared with those of rats housed in standard cages (SCs). Further experiments showed that EEs increased neuronal VEGF expression surrounding the cingulum in MCAO/r rats and robustly upregulated eNOS expression. These results revealed that EEs enhanced angiogenesis, VEGF expression, and activation of the VEGF-eNOS pathway in and/or around the cingulum in MCAO/r rats, which were involved in the functional recovery of MCAO/r rats.
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13
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Mshaty A, Haijima A, Takatsuru Y, Ninomiya A, Yajima H, Kokubo M, Khairinisa MA, Miyazaki W, Amano I, Koibuchi N. Neurotoxic effects of lactational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate on learning and memory in adult male mouse. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111710. [PMID: 32861761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the effect of early lactational perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposures on learning and memory in male mice and reveal the underlying mechanisms involved. PFOS solution was orally administered to dams from the postpartum days 1-14, so that pups would be exposed through breast milk. At 8-10 weeks of age, we performed object location test (OLT), object recognition test (ORT), and pairwise visual discrimination (VD) task. We also performed in vivo microdialysis, and mRNA and protein analysis of genes responsible for hippocampal development and function. In both OLT and ORT, the performance of mice in the PFOS-exposed group was significantly lower than those in the control group. In the VD task, the PFOS-exposed group learned significantly slower than the control group. Concentrations of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the dorsal hippocampus were significantly higher in the PFOS-exposed group than in the control group. No notable differences were shown in our mRNA and protein studies. The present study showed that lactational PFOS exposure has a profound, long-lasting neurotoxic effect in the hippocampus and consequently leads to learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Mshaty
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Asahi Haijima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan; Laboratory for Environmental Brain Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan; Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Ayane Ninomiya
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yajima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Michifumi Kokubo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Wataru Miyazaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 1 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8560, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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14
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Zhang AP, Zhang YY, Liu AF, Wang K, Li C, Liu YE, Zhang YQ, Zhou J, Lv J, Jiang WJ. Molecular mechanism of long-term neuroprotective effects of gradual flow restoration on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in MCAO rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105041. [PMID: 32807453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRIs) can aggravate the condition of some patients with acute occlusion of major intracranial artery (AOMIA) who received endovascular thrombectomy. Here, we provided data confirming the association of Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST) with the long-term neuroprotective effect of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats underwent Gradual Flow Restoration (GFR). METHODS Long term neuroprotective effects of GFR intervention were evaluated on MCAO rats model after 3d and 7d reperfusion. The neurological deficit score and TTC staining were performed to evaluate the degree of brain damage in GFR and other interventions at different time. Differentially expressed genes related to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) were initially screened and identified using GSE32529 microarray analysis. REST protein expression in rat brain cortex infarction was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS MCAO rats intervened with GFR exhibited reduced neurological deficit (P < 0.05) and alleviated brain infarction volume (P < 0.01). The REST gene with up-regulated expression and its downstream genes with down-regulated expression were screened by Microarray analysis. The brain cortex infarction in MCAO rats produced high levels of REST expression. The GFR intervention inhibited REST expression, and alleviated brain injury on MCAO rats. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that GFR intervention plays a long-term neuroprotective role and reduces brain edema and damage at reperfusion, possibly by inhibiting REST expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123; The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Ao-Fei Liu
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Yun-E Liu
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhang
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Jin Lv
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China; Central Laboratory of Research Department, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR china.
| | - Wei-Jian Jiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123; The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, PR China.
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15
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Foddis M, Winek K, Bentele K, Mueller S, Blumenau S, Reichhart N N, Crespo-Garcia S, Harnett D, Ivanov A, Meisel A, Joussen A, Strauss O, Beule D, Dirnagl U, Sassi C. An exploratory investigation of brain collateral circulation plasticity after cerebral ischemia in two experimental C57BL/6 mouse models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:276-287. [PMID: 31549895 PMCID: PMC7370619 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19827251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain collateral circulation is an essential compensatory mechanism in response to acute brain ischemia. To study the temporal evolution of brain macro and microcollateral recruitment and their reciprocal interactions in response to different ischemic conditions, we applied a combination of complementary techniques (T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], time of flight [TOF] angiography [MRA], cerebral blood flow [CBF] imaging and histology) in two different mouse models. Hypoperfusion was either induced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCCAS) or 60-min transient unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In both models, collateralization is a very dynamic phenomenon with a global effect affecting both hemispheres. Patency of ipsilateral posterior communicating artery (PcomA) represents the main variable survival mechanism and the main determinant of stroke lesion volume and recovery in MCAO, whereas the promptness of external carotid artery retrograde flow recruitment together with PcomA patency, critically influence survival, brain ischemic lesion volume and retinopathy in BCCAS mice. Finally, different ischemic gradients shape microcollateral density and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Foddis
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kajetan Bentele
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Blumenau
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Reichhart N
- Department of Ophthalmology, Experimental Ophthalmology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Experimental Ophthalmology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dermot Harnett
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Experimental Ophthalmology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Experimental Ophthalmology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Celeste Sassi
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Pais-Vieira M, Kunicki C, Peres A, Sousa N. Ceftriaxone modulates the acute corticosterone effects in local field potentials in the primary somatosensory cortex of anesthetized mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20289. [PMID: 31889134 PMCID: PMC6937346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress responses are associated with elevations in corticosterone levels and, as a consequence, increases in glutamate in the central nervous system which can lead to neurological impairment. Ceftriaxone promotes glutamate transport and has been used to reduce glutamate toxicity, but so far it is not known whether ceftriaxone is able to reverse the effects of corticosterone administration. Here we describe the separate and combined effects of acute ceftriaxone and acute corticosterone administration in local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the somatosensory cortex (S1) of anesthetized mice. For this, LFPs were recorded from groups of anesthetized mice injected with saline, corticosterone, ceftriaxone, or both. Comparison of global state maps, and their displacements, as measured by ratios of different frequency bands (Ratio 1: 0.5–20 Hz/0.5–45 Hz; and Ratio 2: 0.5–4.5 Hz/0.5–9 Hz) revealed distinct and opposite effects for corticosterone and for ceftriaxone. Corticosterone specifically increased the displacement in Ratio 2, while ceftriaxone decreased it; in addition, when both corticosterone and ceftriaxone were injected, Ratio 2 displacement values were again similar to those of the control group. The present results suggest that ceftriaxone and corticosterone modulate specific frequency bands in opposite directions and reveal a potential role for ceftriaxone in counteracting the effects of corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pais-Vieira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal. .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057, Portugal. .,Clinical Academic Center (2CA-Braga), Braga, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Kunicki
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, Brazil
| | - André Peres
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, Brazil
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center (2CA-Braga), Braga, Portugal
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17
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Demyanenko S, Berezhnaya E, Neginskaya M, Rodkin S, Dzreyan V, Pitinova M. Сlass II histone deacetylases in the post-stroke recovery period-expression, cellular, and subcellular localization-promising targets for neuroprotection. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19590-19609. [PMID: 31264264 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors can protect nerve cells after a stroke, but it is unclear which HDAC isoform is involved in this effect. We studied cellular and intracellular rearrangement of class II HDACs at late periods after photothrombotic infarct (PTI) in the mouse sensorimotor cortex in the tissue surrounding the ischemia core and in the corresponding region of the contralateral hemisphere. We observed a decrease in HDAC4 in cortical neurons and an increase in its nuclear translocation. HDAC6 expression in neurons was also increased. Moreover, HDAC6-positive cells had elevated apoptosis. Tubostatin A (Tub A)-induced decrease in the activity of HDAC6 restored acetylation of α-tubulin during the early poststroke recovery period and reduced apoptosis of nerve cells thus protecting the brain tissue. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 elevated expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43), which remained high up to 14 days after stroke and promoted axogenesis and recovery from the PTI-induced neurological deficit. Selective HDAC6 inhibitor Tub A markedly reduced neuronal death and increased acetylation of α-tubulin and the level of GAP43. Thus, HDAC6 inhibition could be a promising strategy for modulation of brain recovery as it can increase the intensity and reduce the duration of reparation processes in the brain after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Elena Berezhnaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rodkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Valentina Dzreyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Maria Pitinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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18
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Hu KH, Li YA, Jia W, Wu GY, Sun L, Wang SR, Yu LH. Chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in the motor cortex promotes functional recovery after ischemic stroke in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Yi YG, Kim DY, Shim WH, Oh JY, Kim HS, Jung M. Perilesional and homotopic area activation during proverb comprehension after stroke. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01202. [PMID: 30588768 PMCID: PMC6346665 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mechanism of functional recovery in right hemisphere (RH) stroke patients when attempting to comprehend a proverb has not been identified. We previously reported that there is bilateral hemisphere involvement during proverb comprehension in the normal population. However, the underlying mechanisms of proverb comprehension following a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS We here compared the brain regions activated by literal sentences and by opaque or transparent proverbs in right MCA infarction patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Experimental stimuli included 18 opaque proverbs, 18 transparent proverbs, and 18 literal sentences that were presented pseudorandomly in 1 of 3 predesigned sequences. RESULTS Fifteen normal adults and 17 right MCA infarction patients participated in this study. The areas of the brain in the stroke patients involved in understanding a proverb compared with a literal sentence included the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and frontal pole, right anterior cingulate gyrus/paracingulate gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), precuneus, and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). When the proverbs were presented to these stroke patients in the comprehension tests, the left supramarginal, postcentral gyrus, and right paracingulate gyrus were activated for the opaque proverbs compared to the transparent proverbs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the functional recovery of language in stroke patients can be explained by perilesional activation, which is thought to arise from the regulation of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter system, and by homotopic area activation which has been characterized by decreased transcallosal inhibition and astrocyte involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Gyoung Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Yul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Shim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Young Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Pivotal role of innate myeloid cells in cerebral post-ischemic sterile inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:523-538. [PMID: 30206661 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play a multifaceted role in regulating both disability and recovery after ischemic brain injury. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, resident microglia elicit rapid inflammatory responses by the ischemic milieu. After disruption of the blood-brain barrier, peripheral-derived neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes infiltrate into the ischemic brain. These infiltrating myeloid cells are activated by the endogenous alarming molecules released from dying brain cells. Inflammation after ischemic stroke thus typically consists of sterile inflammation triggered by innate immunity, which exacerbates the pathologies of ischemic stroke and worsens neurological prognosis. Infiltrating immune cells sustain the post-ischemic inflammation for several days; after this period, however, these cells take on a repairing function, phagocytosing inflammatory mediators and cellular debris. This time-specific polarization of immune cells in the ischemic brain is a potential novel therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the phase-dependent role of innate myeloid cells in ischemic stroke and discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of their inflammatory or repairing polarization from a therapeutic perspective.
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21
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Kokubo M, Toya S, Amano I, Takatsuru Y. Early-life stress induces motor coordination dysfunction in adult mice. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:663-669. [PMID: 29164389 PMCID: PMC10717137 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although child abuse has become a serious social problem in most countries, the neural mechanisms by which it induces adulthood mental disorders is not yet fully understood. Mice exposed to early-life stresses, such as maternal deprivation (MD) during lactation, are a good model for studying the effects of neglect of humans in early life. Early-life stress induces structural/functional changes of neurons in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, and causes mental disorders in adulthood. In this study, we found motor coordination dysfunction in male MD mice. We also found that the expression levels of the aminomethylphosphonic acid receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA3 were high in the cerebellum of male MD mice. The basal activity of the cerebellum detected by field-potential analysis was higher in male MD mice than in male control mice. Caloric stimulation increased the activity of the cerebellum of control mice, but it did not significantly increase the activity of the cerebellum in male MD mice. We concluded that early-life stress induced a functional change in the cerebellum of MD mice and that this change induced motor coordination dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michifumi Kokubo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Syutaro Toya
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Medicine, Johmoh Hospital, Maebashi, Gunam, 379-2152, Japan.
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22
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Cuzzocrea S, Doyle T, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Farr SA, Salvemini D. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Subtype 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Brain Trauma. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1452-1466. [PMID: 29310513 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) provokes secondary pathological mechanisms, including ischemic and inflammatory processes. The new research in sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators has opened the door for an effective mechanism of reducing central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory lesion activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the immunomodulatory effect of the functional S1PR1 antagonist, siponimod, in phase III clinical trials for autoimmune disorders and of the competitive sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1PR1) antagonist, TASP0277308, in pre-clinical development in an in vivo model of TBI in mice. We used the well-characterized model of TBI caused by controlled cortical impact. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with siponimod or TASP0277308 (1 mg/kg) at 1 and 4 h post-trauma. Our results demonstrated that these agents exerted significant beneficial effects on TBI pre-clinical scores in term of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, in particular, attenuation of astrocytes and microglia activation, cytokines release, and rescue of the reduction of adhesion molecules (i.e., occludin and zonula occludens-1). Moreover, these compounds were able to decrease T-cell activation visible by reduction of CD4+ and CD8+, reduce the lesioned area (measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), and to preserve tissue architecture, microtubule stability, and neural plasticity. Moreover, our findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the use of low-dose oral S1PR1 antagonists as neuroprotective strategies for TBI and broaden our understanding of the underlying S1PR1-driven neuroinflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of TBI. Altogether, our results showed that blocking the S1PR1 axis is an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuropathological effects engaged in the CNS by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina, Italy .,2 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy Doyle
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michela Campolo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina, Italy
| | - Susan A Farr
- 3 VA Medical Center Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,4 Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
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23
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Amano I, Takatsuru Y, Khairinisa MA, Kokubo M, Haijima A, Koibuchi N. Effects of Mild Perinatal Hypothyroidism on Cognitive Function of Adult Male Offspring. Endocrinology 2018. [PMID: 29522169 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mild perinatal hypothyroidism may result from inadequate iodine intake, insufficient treatment of congenital hypothyroidism, or exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Because thyroid hormones are critical for brain development, severe hypothyroidism that is untreated in infancy causes irreversible cretinism. Milder hypothyroidism may also affect cognitive development; however, the effects of mild and/or moderate hypothyroidism on brain development are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the behavior of adult male mice rendered mildly hypothyroid during the perinatal period using low-dose propylthiouracil (PTU). PTU was administered through drinking water (5 or 50 ppm) from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21. Cognitive performance, studied by an object in-location test (OLT), was impaired in PTU-treated mice at postnatal week 8. These results suggest that, although the hypothyroidism was mild, it partially impaired cognitive function. We next measured the concentration of neurotransmitters (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glycine) in the hippocampus using in vivo microdialysis during OLT. The concentrations of neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate and glycine, decreased in PTU-treated mice. The expression levels of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits, which are profound regulators of glutamate neurotransmission and memory function, also were decreased in PTU-treated mice. These data indicate that mild perinatal hypothyroidism causes cognitive disorders in adult offspring. Such disorders may be partially induced secondary to decreased concentrations of neurotransmitters and receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michifumi Kokubo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Asahi Haijima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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24
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Kaneko R, Takatsuru Y, Morita A, Amano I, Haijima A, Imayoshi I, Tamamaki N, Koibuchi N, Watanabe M, Yanagawa Y. Inhibitory neuron-specific Cre-dependent red fluorescent labeling using VGAT BAC-based transgenic mouse lines with identified transgene integration sites. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:373-396. [PMID: 29063602 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons are crucial for shaping and regulating the dynamics of the entire network, and disturbances in these neurons contribute to brain disorders. Despite the recent progress in genetic labeling techniques, the heterogeneity of inhibitory neurons requires the development of highly characterized tools that allow accurate, convenient, and versatile visualization of inhibitory neurons in the mouse brain. Here, we report a novel genetic technique to visualize the vast majority and/or sparse subsets of inhibitory neurons in the mouse brain without using techniques that require advanced skills. We developed several lines of Cre-dependent tdTomato reporter mice based on the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)-BAC, named VGAT-stop-tdTomato mice. The most useful line (line #54) was selected for further analysis based on two characteristics: the inhibitory neuron-specificity of tdTomato expression and the transgene integration site, which confers efficient breeding and fewer adverse effects resulting from transgene integration-related genomic disruption. Robust and inhibitory neuron-specific expression of tdTomato was observed in a wide range of developmental and cellular contexts. By breeding the VGAT-stop-tdTomato mouse (line #54) with a novel Cre driver mouse line, Galntl4-CreER, sparse labeling of inhibitory neurons was achieved following tamoxifen administration. Furthermore, another interesting line (line #58) was generated through the unexpected integration of the transgene into the X-chromosome and will be used to map X-chromosome inactivation of inhibitory neurons. Taken together, our studies provide new, well-characterized tools with which multiple aspects of inhibitory neurons can be studied in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kaneko
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Johmoh Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ayako Morita
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Asahi Haijima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Itaru Imayoshi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tamamaki
- Department of Morphological Neural Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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25
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Mitani S, Amano I, Takatsuru Y. High prolactin concentration during lactation period induced disorders of maternal behavioral in offspring. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 88:129-135. [PMID: 29253704 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early-life stress during the perinatal period induces several neuropsychological disorders in adulthood. In animal studies, early-life stress during the perinatal period induces not only behavioral disorders but also other neurofunctional disorders, such as somatosensory functional disorder in adulthood. Furthermore, the offspring of an early-life-stressed parent also show disturbance of brain function in humans. Behavioral and neurological alterations in the offspring of a stressed parent have also been shown in animal studies. However, the mechanisms underlying such behavioral/neurological alterations are not yet fully understood. In this study, we found a disorder of maternal behavior in the offspring of early-life-stressed mothers. The stressed mothers showed high concentrations of serum prolactin (PRL) during pregnancy and lactation. The concentration on the day of weaning the offspring significantly correlated with the changes in the concentration of corticosterone and the neurological function of offspring. These findings indicate that PRL may be involved in the induction of transgenerational effects of early-life stress on the brain function of offspring. In addition, maternal PRL can be a good biomarker for predicting the potential risk of neurofunctional alterations in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Mitani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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26
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Alamri FF, Shoyaib AA, Biggers A, Jayaraman S, Guindon J, Karamyan VT. Applicability of the grip strength and automated von Frey tactile sensitivity tests in the mouse photothrombotic model of stroke. Behav Brain Res 2018; 336:250-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Yajima H, Haijima A, Khairinisa MA, Shimokawa N, Amano I, Takatsuru Y. Early-life stress induces cognitive disorder in middle-aged mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 64:139-146. [PMID: 29458841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress can induce several neuropsychological disorders in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms inducing such disorders are still not fully understood. Furthermore, the effects of early-life stress on the changes in cognitive function with age are still not clarified. In this study, we used maternal deprivation (MD) to examine the cognitive function in middle-aged mice using a touchscreen-equipped operant chamber. In the visual-discrimination task, the aged (∼1.4 years old) control mice could accurately learn to discriminate between different visual stimuli. In contrast, the correct response rate of aged MD mice increased to ∼60% by day 10; it was still significantly lower than that of the control mice (85%). In the hippocampus of aged MD mice, the expression level of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1 decreased significantly as compared to that in control mice. On the other hand, no significant difference in GluN1 expression level was detected in young (2.5 months old) mice. These findings indicate that early-life stress accelerates cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yajima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Asahi Haijima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shimokawa
- Department of Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Medicine, Johmoh Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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28
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Disrupted Neuroglial Metabolic Coupling after Peripheral Surgery. J Neurosci 2017; 38:452-464. [PMID: 29175959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1797-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related events in the periphery can remotely affect brain function, contributing to neurodegenerative processes and cognitive decline. In mice, peripheral surgery induces a systemic inflammatory response associated with changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transient cognitive decline, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we investigated the effect of peripheral surgery on neuronal-glial function within hippocampal neuronal circuits of relevance to cognitive processing in male mice at 6, 24, and 72 h postsurgery. At 6 h we detect the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the hippocampus, followed up by alterations in the mRNA and protein expression of astrocytic and neuronal proteins necessary for optimal energy supply to the brain and for the reuptake and recycling of glutamate in the synapse. Similarly, at 24 h postsurgery the mRNA expression of structural proteins (GFAP and AQP4) was compromised. At this time point, functional analysis in astrocytes revealed a decrease in resting calcium signaling. Examination of neuronal activity by whole-cell patch-clamp shows elevated levels of glutamatergic transmission and changes in AMPA receptor subunit composition at 72 h postsurgery. Finally, lactate, an essential energy substrate produced by astrocytes and critical for memory formation, decreases at 6 and 72 h after surgery. Based on temporal parallels with our previous studies, we propose that the previously reported cognitive decline observed at 72 h postsurgery in mice might be the consequence of temporal hippocampal metabolic, structural, and functional changes in astrocytes that lead to a disruption of the neuroglial metabolic coupling and consequently to a neuronal dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A growing body of evidence suggests that surgical trauma launches a systemic inflammatory response that reaches the brain and associates with immune activation and cognitive decline. Understanding the mechanisms by which immune-related events in the periphery can influence brain processes is essential for the development of therapies to prevent or treat postoperative cognitive dysfunction and other forms of cognitive decline related to immune-to-brain communication, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Here we describe the temporal orchestration of a series of metabolic, structural, and functional changes after aseptic trauma in mice related to astrocytes and later in neurons that emphasize the role of astrocytes as key intermediaries between peripheral immune events, neuronal processing, and potentially cognition.
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29
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Viale L, Catoira NP, Di Girolamo G, González CD. Pharmacotherapy and motor recovery after stroke. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 18:65-82. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1400910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Viale
- Centro Asistencial Universitario, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paola Catoira
- Residencia de Investigación en Salud, Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
- Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Di Girolamo
- Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas ¨Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini¨, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Claudio Daniel González
- Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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30
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Obi K, Amano I, Takatsuru Y. Role of dopamine on functional recovery in the contralateral hemisphere after focal stroke in the somatosensory cortex. Brain Res 2017; 1678:146-152. [PMID: 29079503 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional recovery after a stroke is important for patients' quality of life. Not only medical care during the acute phase, but also rehabilitation during the chronic phase after a stroke is important. However, the mechanisms underlying functional recovery, particularly the chronic phase after stroke, are still not fully understood. Thus, further basic study on brain after focal stroke is necessary. In this study, we found that the concentration of dopamine (DA) increased during first week after a stroke in the hemisphere contralateral in the site of stroke by in vivo microdialysis. When we applied haloperidol (HPD), a potent DA receptor blocker, functional recovery was inhibited. Interestingly, administration of aripiprazole (ARP), a novel partial agonist of the DA receptor, during the chronic phase improved the remodeling of neuronal circuits in somatosensory cortex (SSC). These findings indicate that the DAergic system play a critical role in functional compensation by the non-infarcted hemisphere after a focal stroke in SSC. It is also revealed that administration of HPD/ARP to stroke patients affects functional recovery after a stroke, and stimulation of the DAergic system during the chronic phase of stroke potentially benefits stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisho Obi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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31
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Eto K, Kim SK, Takeda I, Nabekura J. The roles of cortical astrocytes in chronic pain and other brain pathologies. Neurosci Res 2017; 126:3-8. [PMID: 28870605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain. Several decades ago, they were considered to be only support cells in the central nervous system. Recent studies using advanced technologies have clarified that astrocytes play more active roles in regulating neuronal function and remodeling synaptic structures by releasing molecules called gliotransmitters. In addition to various physiological functions, astrocytes are activated under disease conditions, such as chronic pain, releasing molecules that in turn cause reorganization of the central nervous system microstructure and disrupt behavior in pathological conditions. In the present review, we summarize cortical astrocyte function in chronic pain and other neurological disorders and discuss the role of astrocytes in brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Eto
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate School for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikuko Takeda
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate School for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
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32
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Cheng MY, Aswendt M, Steinberg GK. Optogenetic Approaches to Target Specific Neural Circuits in Post-stroke Recovery. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:325-40. [PMID: 26701667 PMCID: PMC4824024 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the USA, yet treatment options are very limited. Functional recovery can occur after stroke and is attributed, in part, to rewiring of neural connections in areas adjacent to or remotely connected to the infarct. A better understanding of neural circuit rewiring is thus an important step toward developing future therapeutic strategies for stroke recovery. Because stroke disrupts functional connections in peri-infarct and remotely connected regions, it is important to investigate brain-wide network dynamics during post-stroke recovery. Optogenetics is a revolutionary neuroscience tool that uses bioengineered light-sensitive proteins to selectively activate or inhibit specific cell types and neural circuits within milliseconds, allowing greater specificity and temporal precision for dissecting neural circuit mechanisms in diseases. In this review, we discuss the current view of post-stroke remapping and recovery, including recent studies that use optogenetics to investigate neural circuit remapping after stroke, as well as optogenetic stimulation to enhance stroke recovery. Multimodal approaches employing optogenetics in conjunction with other readouts (e.g., in vivo neuroimaging techniques, behavior assays, and next-generation sequencing) will advance our understanding of neural circuit reorganization during post-stroke recovery, as well as provide important insights into which brain circuits to target when designing brain stimulation strategies for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, R281, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5327, USA.
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Department of Neurosurgery, R281, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5327, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, R281, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5327, USA.
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Takatsuru Y, Koibuchi N. Alteration of somatosensory response in adulthood by early life stress. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:15. [PMID: 26041988 PMCID: PMC4436820 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress is well-known as a critical risk factor for mental and cognitive disorders in adulthood. Such disorders are accompanied by altered neuro- (synapto-) genesis and gene expression. Because psychosomatic disorders induced by early life stress (e.g., physical and/or sexual abuse, and neglect) have become a socio-economic problem, it is very important to clarify the mechanisms underlying these changes. However, despite of intensive clinical and animal studies, such mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Although the disturbance of glucocorticoid and glutamate homeostasis by stress has been well-documented, it has not yet been clarified whether such disturbance by early life stress persists for life. Furthermore, since previous studies have focused on the detection of changes in specific brain regions, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, it has not been clarified whether early life stress induced changes in the sensory/motor system. Thus, in this review, we introduce recent studies on functional/structural changes in the somatosensory cortex induced by early life stress. We believe that this review provides new insights into the functional alteration of the somatosensory system induced by early life stress. Such information may have clinical relevance in terms of providing effective therapeutic interventions to early life stressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi Japan
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34
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Takatsuru Y, Nabekura J, Ishikawa T, Kohsaka SI, Koibuchi N. Early-life stress increases the motility of microglia in adulthood. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:187-94. [PMID: 25702174 PMCID: PMC10717761 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress may cause several neuropsychological disorders in adulthood. Such disorders may be induced as a result of instability of neuronal circuits and/or synaptic formation. However, the mechanisms underlying such instability have not yet been clearly understood. We previously reported that the mushroom spine in the somatosensory cortex (SSC) is unstable in early-life stressed mice not only in the juvenile stage but also in adulthood. In this study, we measured the number and motility of microglial processes in early-life stressed mice to understand the mechanism further. We found that the number and motility of filopodia-like protrusions of microglial processes tended to increase in the SSC of early-life stressed mice. Interestingly, the motility of protrusions correlated significantly with the nociceptive threshold level measured by the von Frey test. These results indicated that the activity of microglia affected the neuronal function in early-life stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan,
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Nimmerjahn A, Bergles DE. Large-scale recording of astrocyte activity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 32:95-106. [PMID: 25665733 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly ramified glial cells found throughout the central nervous system (CNS). They express a variety of neurotransmitter receptors that can induce widespread chemical excitation, placing these cells in an optimal position to exert global effects on brain physiology. However, the activity patterns of only a small fraction of astrocytes have been examined and techniques to manipulate their behavior are limited. As a result, little is known about how astrocytes modulate CNS function on synaptic, microcircuit, or systems levels. Here, we review current and emerging approaches for visualizing and manipulating astrocyte activity in vivo. Deciphering how astrocyte network activity is controlled in different physiological and pathological contexts is crucial for defining their roles in the healthy and diseased CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, WBSB 1001, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Patience MJ, Zouikr I, Jones K, Clarkson AN, Isgaard J, Johnson SJ, Walker FR, Nilsson M. Photothrombotic Stroke Induces Persistent Ipsilateral and Contralateral Astrogliosis in Key Cognitive Control Nuclei. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:362-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Astrocytes have been found to play important roles in physiology being fundamental for ionic homeostasis and glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft by their plasma membrane glutamate transporters. Astrocytes are electrically non-excitable, but they exhibit Ca(2+) signaling, which now has been demonstrated to serve as an indirect mediator of neuron-glia bidirectional interactions through gliotransmission via tripartite synapses and to modulate synaptic function and plasticity. Spontaneous astrocytic Ca(2+) signaling was observed in vivo. Intercellular Ca(2+) waves in astrocytes can be evoked by a variety of stimulations. Astrocytes are critically involved in many pathological conditions including ischemic stroke. For example, it is well known that astrocytes become reactive and form glial scar after stroke. In animal models of some brain disorders, astrocytes have been shown to exhibit enhanced Ca(2+) excitability featured as regenerative intercellular Ca(2+) waves. This chapter briefly summarizes astrocytic Ca(2+) signaling pathways under normal conditions and in experimental in vitro and in vivo ischemic models. It discusses the possible mechanisms and therapeutic implication underlying the enhanced astrocytic Ca(2+) excitability in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA,
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Toya S, Takatsuru Y, Kokubo M, Amano I, Shimokawa N, Koibuchi N. Early-life-stress affects the homeostasis of glutamatergic synapses. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3627-34. [PMID: 25220177 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress induces several neuropsychological disorders in adulthood, including depression. Such disorders may be induced by functional alteration of the glutamatergic system. However, their underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified. Furthermore, the involvement of glucocorticoids, which are representative stress hormones, has not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we used maternal deprivation (MD) mice as an early-life-stress model, and studied the changes in the glutamatergic system in adulthood. The glutamate concentration and neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex (SSC) increased under basal conditions in MD mice. Stressful physical stimulation (SPS) increased the concentration of corticosterone, but not of glutamate, in the control mouse SSC. On the other hand, in the MD mice, although the basal concentration of corticosterone in the SSC increased, no SPS-induced increase was observed. In contrast, the concentration of glutamate increased greatly during SPS. It was significantly high for 30 min after stimulation. The expression level of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid/N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the MD mice was also changed compared with that in the control mice after stimulation. These findings indicate that early-life stress disrupts the homeostasis of glutamatergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syutaro Toya
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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Optogenetic neuronal stimulation promotes functional recovery after stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12913-8. [PMID: 25136109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and research efforts have focused on promoting functional recovery after stroke. Brain stimulation strategies are particularly promising because they allow direct manipulation of the target area's excitability. However, elucidating the cell type and mechanisms mediating recovery has been difficult because existing stimulation techniques nonspecifically target all cell types near the stimulated site. To circumvent these barriers, we used optogenetics to selectively activate neurons that express channelrhodopsin 2 and demonstrated that selective neuronal stimulations in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1) can promote functional recovery. Stroke mice that received repeated neuronal stimulations exhibited significant improvement in cerebral blood flow and the neurovascular coupling response, as well as increased expression of activity-dependent neurotrophins in the contralesional cortex, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin 3. Western analysis also indicated that stimulated mice exhibited a significant increase in the expression of a plasticity marker growth-associated protein 43. Moreover, iM1 neuronal stimulations promoted functional recovery, as stimulated stroke mice showed faster weight gain and performed significantly better in sensory-motor behavior tests. Interestingly, stimulations in normal nonstroke mice did not alter motor behavior or neurotrophin expression, suggesting that the prorecovery effect of selective neuronal stimulations is dependent on the poststroke environment. These results demonstrate that stimulation of neurons in the stroke hemisphere is sufficient to promote recovery.
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Power EM, Empson RM. Functional contributions of glutamate transporters at the parallel fibre to Purkinje neuron synapse-relevance for the progression of cerebellar ataxia. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2014; 1:3. [PMID: 26331027 PMCID: PMC4549135 DOI: 10.1186/2053-8871-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Rapid uptake of glutamate by neuronal and glial glutamate transporters (EAATs, a family of excitatory amino acid transporters) is critical for shaping synaptic responses and for preventing excitotoxicity. Two of these transporters, EAAT4 in Purkinje neurons (PN) and EAAT1 in Bergmann glia are both enriched within the cerebellum and altered in a variety of human ataxias. Results PN excitatory synaptic responses and firing behaviour following high frequency parallel fibre (PF) activity commonly encountered during sensory stimulation in vivo were adversely influenced by acute inhibition of glutamate transporters. In the presence of a non-transportable blocker of glutamate transporters we observed very large amplitude and duration excitatory postsynaptic currents accompanied by excessive firing of the PNs. A combination of AMPA and mGluR1, but not NMDA, type glutamate receptor activation powered the hyper-excitable PN state. The enhanced PN excitability also recruited a presynaptic mGluR4 dependent mechanism that modified short term plasticity at the PF synapse. Conclusions Our findings indicate that reduced glutamate transporter activity, as occurs in the early stages of some forms of human cerebellar ataxias, excessively excites PNs and disrupts the timing of their output. Our findings raise the possibility that sustaining cerebellar glutamate uptake may provide a therapeutic approach to prevent this disruption and the glutamate excitotoxicity-induced PN death that signals the end point of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet M Power
- Department of Physiology, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, PO Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ruth M Empson
- Department of Physiology, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, PO Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
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De Bock M, Decrock E, Wang N, Bol M, Vinken M, Bultynck G, Leybaert L. The dual face of connexin-based astroglial Ca(2+) communication: a key player in brain physiology and a prime target in pathology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2211-32. [PMID: 24768716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For decades, studies have been focusing on the neuronal abnormalities that accompany neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, glial cells are emerging as important players in numerous neurological diseases. Astrocytes, the main type of glia in the central nervous system , form extensive networks that physically and functionally connect neuronal synapses with cerebral blood vessels. Normal brain functioning strictly depends on highly specialized cellular cross-talk between these different partners to which Ca(2+), as a signaling ion, largely contributes. Altered intracellular Ca(2+) levels are associated with neurodegenerative disorders and play a crucial role in the glial responses to injury. Intracellular Ca(2+) increases in single astrocytes can be propagated toward neighboring cells as intercellular Ca(2+) waves, thereby recruiting a larger group of cells. Intercellular Ca(2+) wave propagation depends on two, parallel, connexin (Cx) channel-based mechanisms: i) the diffusion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate through gap junction channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells, and ii) the release of paracrine messengers such as glutamate and ATP through hemichannels ('half of a gap junction channel'). This review gives an overview of the current knowledge on Cx-mediated Ca(2+) communication among astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and other brain cell types in physiology and pathology, with a focus on the processes of neurodegeneration and reactive gliosis. Research on Cx-mediated astroglial Ca(2+) communication may ultimately shed light on the development of targeted therapies for neurodegenerative disorders in which astrocytes participate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke De Bock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mélissa Bol
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, KULeuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Piltti KM, Salazar DL, Uchida N, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ. Safety of human neural stem cell transplantation in chronic spinal cord injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:961-74. [PMID: 24191264 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord injury (SCI) microenvironment undergoes dynamic changes over time, which could potentially affect survival or differentiation of cells in early versus delayed transplantation study designs. Accordingly, assessment of safety parameters, including cell survival, migration, fate, sensory fiber sprouting, and behavioral measures of pain sensitivity in animals receiving transplants during the chronic postinjury period is required for establishing a potential therapeutic window. The goal of the study was assessment of safety parameters for delayed transplantation of human central nervous system-derived neural stem cells (hCNS-SCns) by comparing hCNS-SCns transplantation in the subacute period, 9 days postinjury (DPI), versus the chronic period, 60 DPI, in contusion-injured athymic nude rats. Although the number of surviving human cells after chronic transplantation was lower, no changes in cell migration were detected between the 9 and 60 DPI cohorts; however, the data suggest chronic transplantation may have enhanced the generation of mature oligodendrocytes. The timing of transplantation did not induce changes in allodynia or hyperalgesia measures. Together, these data support the safety of hCNS-SCns transplantation in the chronic period post-SCI.
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Abstract
Astrocytes are the predominant glial cell type in the CNS. Although astrocytes are electrically nonexcitable, their excitability is manifested by their Ca2+ signaling, which serves as a mediator of neuron-glia bidirectional interactions via tripartite synapses. Studies from in vivo two-photon imaging indicate that in healthy animals, the properties of spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ signaling are affected by animal species, age, wakefulness and the location of astrocytes in the brain. Intercellular Ca2+ waves in astrocytes can be evoked by a variety of stimulations. In animal models of some brain disorders, astrocytes can exhibit enhanced Ca2+ excitability featured as regenerative intercellular Ca2+ waves. This review first briefly summarizes the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling pathway and the procedure of in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging of astrocytes. It subsequently summarizes in vivo astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in health and brain disorders from experimental studies of animal models, and discusses the possible mechanisms and therapeutic implications underlying the enhanced Ca2+ excitability in astrocytes in brain disorders. Finally, this review summarizes molecular genetic approaches used to selectively manipulate astrocyte function in vivo and their applications to study the role of astrocytes in synaptic plasticity and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Rodríguez-Frutos B, Ramos-Cejudo J, Otero-Ortega L, Fuentes B, Díez-Tejedor E. Stem cells for brain repair and recovery after stroke. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1479-83. [PMID: 23915288 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.824420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is a major worldwide cause of death and disability. Currently, intravenous thrombolysis and reperfusion therapies, but not the so-called neuroprotectant drugs, have been shown to be effective for acute ischemic stroke. Thus, new strategies to promote brain plasticity are necessary. Stem cell administration is an attractive future therapeutic approach. AREAS COVERED Brain protection and repair mechanisms are activated after stroke. This article is focused on the capacity of stem cell-based therapy to enhance this postinfarct brain plasticity and recovery. Future therapeutic considerations and prospects for stroke are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Although cell therapy is promising in stroke treatment, mechanisms of action need to be characterized in detail. Further, the different mechanisms of axonal plasticity and remodeling involucrated in brain repair, not only in the gray but also in white matter, must be investigated through noninvasive techniques, and a multidisciplinary approach is fundamental in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Autonoma University of Madrid, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), La Paz University Hospital, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory , Madrid , Spain
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Takatsuru Y, Nabekura J, Koibuchi N. Contribution of neuronal and glial circuit in intact hemisphere for functional remodeling after focal ischemia. Neurosci Res 2013; 78:38-44. [PMID: 23896202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The number of people who suffer from disabilities such as aphasia and/or paralysis after a focal brain stroke has not markedly decreased even in countries with established medical care systems. Functions such as speech can be lost following a stroke; however, such functions can sometimes be recovered. In this review, we focus on functional compensation that was achieved by the intact region contralateral to the stroke region. Using a mice stroke model, we used in vivo imaging techniques in combination with conventional electrophysiology and behavior tests, which showed that functional recovery was achieved through the specific synaptic (neuronal circuit) remodeling at the region contralateral to the focal stroke region 1 week after the stroke. During this period, astrocytes play a critical role in reducing the accumulation of synaptically released glutamate in the extracellular space, which would otherwise cause excitotoxicity. These findings indicate that the hemisphere that was intact after a stroke can potentially achieve bilateral functions even in adults when proper remodeling of neuronal circuits occurs. Activating the intact hemisphere may become a new therapeutic strategy for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Takatsuru Y, Nabekura J, Koibuchi N. Activity of the layer II/III neurons in the somatosensory cortex (SSC) plays a critical role on functional recovery after focal stroke in the contralateral SSC. Neurosci Lett 2013; 543:168-71. [PMID: 23583591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimal functional recovery after stroke is the most important to improve quality of life. Contralateral hemisphere of infarction site plays an important role for the recovery. The underlying processes in contralateral hemisphere during recovery have not yet been fully elucidated. We have previously reported the increase in synaptic turnover in the contralateral somatosensory cortex (SSC) during 1st week after infarction of the unilateral SSC. The neuronal circuit was remodeled after this period to process bilateral information in the remaining hemisphere, and functional compensation was achieved. In the present study, we used in vivo electrophysiological recording to detect the current source density (CSD) for somatosensory input. Interestingly, a specific CSD pattern was detected in the layer II/III region of contralateral SSC and the duration was significantly correlated with functional recovery. These results indicate that the compensational remodeling of neuronal circuit in the intact hemisphere may be dominantly induced in layer II/III neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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