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Shibayama K, Nakajo H, Tanimoto Y, Kakinuma H, Shiraki T, Tsuboi T, Okamoto H. The serotonergic neurons derived from rhombomere 2 are localized in the median raphe and project to the dorsal pallium in zebrafish. Neurosci Res 2024; 205:27-33. [PMID: 38447890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The serotonergic neurons in the raphe nucleus are implicated in various cognitive functions such as learning and emotion. In vertebrates, the raphe nucleus is divided into the dorsal raphe and the median raphe. In contrast to the abundance of knowledge on the functions of the dorsal raphe, the roles of the serotonergic neurons in the median raphe are relatively unknown. The studies using zebrafish revealed that the median raphe serotonergic neurons receive input from the two distinct pathways from the habenula and the IPN. The use of zebrafish may reveal the function of the Hb-IPN-median raphe pathway. To clarify the functions of the median raphe serotonergic neurons, it is necessary to distinguish them from those in the dorsal raphe. Most median raphe serotonergic neurons originate from rhombomere 2 in mice, and we generated the transgenic zebrafish which can label the serotonergic neurons derived from rhombomere 2. In this study, we found the serotonergic neurons derived from rhombomere 2 are localized in the median raphe and project axons to the rostral dorsal pallium in zebrafish. This study suggests that this transgenic system has the potential to specifically reveal the function and information processing of the Hb-IPN-raphe-telencephalon circuit in learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shibayama
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Haruna Nakajo
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanimoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kakinuma
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shiraki
- Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; RIKEN CBS-Kao Collaboration Center, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Lead contact.
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Mizuta K, Sato M. Multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits: techniques and biological insights into region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific functions. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033406. [PMID: 38464393 PMCID: PMC10923542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance The function of the hippocampus in behavior and cognition has long been studied primarily through electrophysiological recordings from freely moving rodents. However, the application of optical recording methods, particularly multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, in the last decade or two has dramatically advanced our understanding of hippocampal function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of techniques and biological findings obtained from multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits. Aim This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent technical advances in multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits and the accumulated biological knowledge gained through this technology. Approach First, we provide a brief overview of various techniques of multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus and discuss its advantages, drawbacks, and associated key innovations and practices. Then, we review a large body of findings obtained through multiphoton imaging by region (CA1 and dentate gyrus), cell type (pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons, and glial cells), and cellular compartment (dendrite and axon). Results Multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus is primarily performed under head-fixed conditions and can reveal detailed mechanisms of circuit operation owing to its high spatial resolution and specificity. As the hippocampus lies deep below the cortex, its imaging requires elaborate methods. These include imaging cannula implantation, microendoscopy, and the use of long-wavelength light sources. Although many studies have focused on the dorsal CA1 pyramidal cells, studies of other local and inter-areal circuitry elements have also helped provide a more comprehensive picture of the information processing performed by the hippocampal circuits. Imaging of circuit function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder has also contributed greatly to our understanding of their pathophysiology. Conclusions Multiphoton imaging has revealed much regarding region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific mechanisms in hippocampal function and dysfunction in health and disease. Future technological advances will allow further illustration of the operating principle of the hippocampal circuits via the large-scale, high-resolution, multimodal, and minimally invasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Mizuta
- RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropharmacology, Sapporo, Japan
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Volitaki E, Forro T, Li K, Nevian T, Ciocchi S. Activity of ventral hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons during anxiety. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114295. [PMID: 38796850 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety plays a key role in guiding behavior in response to potential threats. Anxiety is mediated by the activation of pyramidal neurons in the ventral hippocampus (vH), whose activity is controlled by GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. However, how different vH interneurons might contribute to anxiety-related processes is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of vH parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons while mice transition from safe to more anxiogenic compartments of the elevated plus maze (EPM). We find that vH PV interneurons increase their activity in anxiogenic EPM compartments concomitant with dynamic changes in inhibitory interactions between PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons. By optogenetically inhibiting PV interneurons, we induce an increase in the activity of vH pyramidal neurons and persistent anxiety. Collectively, our results suggest that vH inhibitory microcircuits may act as a trigger for enduring anxiety states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Volitaki
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Forro
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kaizhen Li
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nevian
- Neuronal Plasticity Group, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Ciocchi
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Turi GF, Teng S, Chen X, Lim ECY, Dias C, Hu R, Wang R, Zhen F, Peng Y. Serotonin modulates infraslow oscillation in the dentate gyrus during Non-REM sleep. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.12.540575. [PMID: 38854102 PMCID: PMC11160574 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Synchronous neuronal activity is organized into neuronal oscillations with various frequency and time domains across different brain areas and brain states. For example, hippocampal theta, gamma and sharp wave oscillations are critical for memory formation and communication between hippocampal subareas and the cortex. In this study, we investigated the neuronal activity of the dentate gyrus (DG) with electrophysiological and optical imaging tools during sleep-wake cycles. We found that the activity of major glutamatergic cell populations in the DG is organized into in-fraslow oscillations (0.01 - 0.03 Hz) during NREM sleep. Although the DG is considered a sparsely active network during wakefulness, we found that 50% of granule cells and about 25% of mossy cells exhibit increased activity during NREM sleep. Further experiments revealed that the infraslow oscillation in the DG is modulated by rhythmic serotonin release during sleep, which oscillates at the same frequency but in an opposite phase. Genetic manipulation of 5-HT receptors revealed that this neuromodulatory regulation is mediated by 5-HT1a receptors and the knockdown of these receptors leads to memory impairment. Together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into how the 5-HT system can influence hippocampal activity patterns during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely F. Turi
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Systems Neuroscience New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sasa Teng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily CY Lim
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Carla Dias
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Systems Neuroscience New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ruining Hu
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fenghua Zhen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Present address: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Yueqing Peng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kohtz AS, Zhao J, Aston-Jones G. Serotonin Signaling in Hippocampus during Initial Cocaine Abstinence Drives Persistent Drug Seeking. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1505212024. [PMID: 38514181 PMCID: PMC11044100 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1505-21.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The initiation of abstinence after chronic drug self-administration is stressful. Cocaine-seeking behavior on the first day of the absence of the expected drug (Extinction Day 1, ED1) is reduced by blocking 5-HT signaling in dorsal hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) in both male and female rats. We hypothesized that the experience of ED1 can substantially influence later relapse behavior and that dorsal raphe (DR) serotonin (5-HT) input to CA1 may be involved. We inhibited 5-HT1A/1B receptors (WAY-100635 plus GR-127935), or DR input (chemogenetics), in CA1 on ED1 to test the role of this pathway on cocaine-seeking persistence 2 weeks later. We also inhibited 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors in CA1 during conditioned place preference (CPP) for cocaine, to examine mechanisms involved in the persistent effects of ED1 manipulations. Inhibition of DR inputs, or 5-HT1A/1B signaling, in CA1 decreased drug seeking on ED1 and decreased cocaine seeking 2 weeks later revealing that 5-HT signaling in CA1 during ED1 contributes to persistent drug seeking during abstinence. In addition, 5-HT1B antagonism alone transiently decreased drug-associated memory performance when given prior to a CPP test, whereas similar antagonism of 5-HT1A alone had no such effect but blocked CPP retrieval on a test 24 h later. These CPP findings are consistent with prior work showing that DR inputs to CA1 augment recall of the drug-associated context and drug seeking via 5-HT1B receptors and prevent consolidation of the updated nondrug context via 5-HT1A receptors. Thus, treatments that modulate 5-HT-dependent memory mechanisms in CA1 during initial abstinence may facilitate later maintenance of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Kohtz
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Joshua Zhao
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Chaves T, Török B, Fazekas C, Correia P, Karailiev P, Oravcova H, Sipos E, Biró L, Haller J, Jezova D, Zelena D. The role of the GABAergic cells of the median raphe region in reinforcement-based learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1175. [PMID: 38216718 PMCID: PMC10786920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory are important in everyday life as well as in pathological conditions. The median raphe region (MRR) contributes to memory formation; however, its precise role and the neurotransmitters involved have yet to be elucidated. To address this issue, we stimulated the MRR neurons of mice by chemogenetic technique and studied them in the operant conditioning and active avoidance tests. The virus carrier infected a variety of neuron types including both GABAergic and glutamatergic ones. Behavior was not influenced by stimulation. We hypothesize that the lack of effect was due to opposing effects exerted via GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, next we used VGAT-Cre mice that allowed the specific manipulation of MRR-GABAergic neurons. The stimulation did not affect behavior in the learning phase of the operant conditioning task, but increased reward preference and total responses when operant contingencies were reversed. The enhanced responsiveness might be a proclivity to impulsive behavior. Stimulation facilitated learning in the active avoidance test but did not affect reversal learning in this paradigm. Our findings suggest that MRR-GABAergic neurons are involved in both learning and reversal learning, but the type of learning that is affected depends on the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazekas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Karailiev
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Oravcova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eszter Sipos
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Biró
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Haller
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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Krishnan S, Sheffield ME. Reward Expectation Reduces Representational Drift in the Hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572809. [PMID: 38187677 PMCID: PMC10769341 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Spatial memory in the hippocampus involves dynamic neural patterns that change over days, termed representational drift. While drift may aid memory updating, excessive drift could impede retrieval. Memory retrieval is influenced by reward expectation during encoding, so we hypothesized that diminished reward expectation would exacerbate representational drift. We found that high reward expectation limited drift, with CA1 representations on one day gradually re-emerging over successive trials the following day. Conversely, the absence of reward expectation resulted in increased drift, as the gradual re-emergence of the previous day's representation did not occur. At the single cell level, lowering reward expectation caused an immediate increase in the proportion of place-fields with low trial-to-trial reliability. These place fields were less likely to be reinstated the following day, underlying increased drift in this condition. In conclusion, heightened reward expectation improves memory encoding and retrieval by maintaining reliable place fields that are gradually reinstated across days, thereby minimizing representational drift.
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Mays KC, Haiman JH, Janušonis S. An experimental platform for stochastic analyses of single serotonergic fibers in the mouse brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1241919. [PMID: 37869509 PMCID: PMC10587471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1241919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-organization of the serotonergic matrix, a massive axon meshwork in all vertebrate brains, is driven by the structural and dynamical properties of its constitutive elements. Each of these elements, a single serotonergic axon (fiber), has a unique trajectory and can be supported by a soma that executes one of the many available transcriptional programs. This "individuality" of serotonergic neurons necessitates the development of specialized methods for single-fiber analyses, both at the experimental and theoretical levels. We developed an integrated platform that facilitates experimental isolation of single serotonergic fibers in brain tissue, including regions with high fiber densities, and demonstrated the potential of their quantitative analyses based on stochastic modeling. Single fibers were visualized using two transgenic mouse models, one of which is the first implementation of the Brainbow toolbox in this system. The trajectories of serotonergic fibers were automatically traced in the three spatial dimensions with a novel algorithm, and their properties were captured with a single parameter associated with the directional von Mises-Fisher probability distribution. The system represents an end-to-end workflow that can be imported into various studies, including those investigating serotonergic dysfunction in brain disorders. It also supports new research directions inspired by single-fiber analyses in the serotonergic matrix, including supercomputing simulations and modeling in physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Skirmantas Janušonis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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Shi HJ, Wang S, Wang XP, Zhang RX, Zhu LJ. Hippocampus: Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Features in Anxiety. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1009-1026. [PMID: 36680709 PMCID: PMC10264315 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem, the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated. The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation. Yet so far, its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation. Recent advances in imaging, virus tracking, and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity, connectivity, and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions, providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety. Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems, have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety. Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation. This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation, based on molecular, cellular, and circuit properties, to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201108, China.
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Tian J, Stucky CS, Wang T, Muma NA, Johnson M, Du H. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Links to Impaired Hippocampal Serotonin Release in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:605-619. [PMID: 37066917 PMCID: PMC10416312 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deprivation of extracellular serotonin has been linked to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric disturbances in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite degeneration of serotonin-producing neurons, whether serotonin release is affected in AD-sensitive brain regions is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in decreased hippocampal serotonin release in AD amyloidosis mouse model 5xFAD mice. METHODS Electrochemical assays were applied to examine hippocampal serotonin release. We also employed multidisciplinary techniques to determine the role of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) in hippocampal mitochondrial deficits and serotonin release deficiency. RESULTS 5xFAD mice exhibited serotonin release decrease and relatively moderate downregulation of serotonergic fiber density as well as serotonin content in the hippocampal region. Further experiments showed an inhibitory effect of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) on hippocampal serotonin release without affecting the density of serotonergic fibers. Pharmaceutical uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disrupted hippocampal serotonin release in an ex vivo setting. This echoes the mitochondrial defects in serotonergic fibers in 5xFAD mice and oligomeric Aβ-challenged primary serotonergic neuron cultures and implicates a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and serotonin transmission defects in AD-relevant pathological settings. CONCLUSION The most parsimonious interpretation of our findings is that mitochondrial dysfunction is a phenotypic change of serotonergic neurons, which potentially plays a role in the development of serotonergic failure in AD-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Nancy A. Muma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, KS, USA
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11
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Median raphe serotonergic neurons projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus control preference and aversion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7708. [PMID: 36550097 PMCID: PMC9780347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate processing of reward and aversive information is essential for survival. Although a critical role of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in reward processing has been shown, the lack of rewarding effects with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) implies the presence of a discrete serotonergic system playing an opposite role to the DRN in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli. Here, we demonstrated that serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MRN) of mice process reward and aversive information in opposite directions to DRN serotonergic neurons. We further identified MRN serotonergic neurons, including those projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus (5-HTMRN→IPN), as a key mediator of reward and aversive stimuli. Moreover, 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT2A receptors in the interpeduncular nucleus, are involved in the aversive properties of MRN serotonergic neural activity. Our findings revealed an essential function of MRN serotonergic neurons, including 5-HTMRN→IPN, in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli.
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12
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Forro T, Volitaki E, Malagon-Vina H, Klausberger T, Nevian T, Ciocchi S. Anxiety-related activity of ventral hippocampal interneurons. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102368. [PMID: 36273721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is an aversive mood reflecting the anticipation of potential threats. The ventral hippocampus (vH) is a key brain region involved in the genesis of anxiety responses. Recent studies have shown that anxiety is mediated by the activation of vH pyramidal neurons targeting various limbic structures. Throughout the cortex, the activity of pyramidal neurons is controlled by GABA-releasing inhibitory interneurons and the GABAergic system represents an important target of anxiolytic drugs. However, how the activity of vH inhibitory interneurons is related to different anxiety behaviours has not been investigated so far. Here, we integrated in vivo electrophysiology with behavioural phenotyping of distinct anxiety exploration behaviours in rats. We showed that pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the vH are selectively active when animals explore specific compartments of the elevated-plus-maze (EPM), an anxiety task for rodents. Moreover, rats with prior goal-related experience exhibited low-anxiety exploratory behaviour and showed a larger trajectory-related activity of vH interneurons during EPM exploration compared to high anxiety rats. Finally, in low anxiety rats, trajectory-related vH interneurons exhibited opposite activity to pyramidal neurons specifically in the open arms (i.e. more anxiogenic) of the EPM. Our results suggest that vH inhibitory micro-circuits could act as critical elements underlying different anxiety states.
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13
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Krishnan S, Heer C, Cherian C, Sheffield MEJ. Reward expectation extinction restructures and degrades CA1 spatial maps through loss of a dopaminergic reward proximity signal. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6662. [PMID: 36333323 PMCID: PMC9636178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal place cells support reward-related spatial memories by forming a cognitive map that over-represents reward locations. The strength of these memories is modulated by the extent of reward expectation during encoding. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying this modulation are unclear. Here we find that when reward expectation is extinguished in mice, they remain engaged with their environment, yet place cell over-representation of rewards vanishes, place field remapping throughout the environment increases, and place field trial-to-trial reliability decreases. Interestingly, Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) dopaminergic axons in CA1 exhibit a ramping reward-proximity signal that depends on reward expectation and inhibiting VTA dopaminergic neurons largely replicates the effects of extinguishing reward expectation. We conclude that changing reward expectation restructures CA1 cognitive maps and determines map reliability by modulating the dopaminergic VTA-CA1 reward-proximity signal. Thus, internal states of high reward expectation enhance encoding of spatial memories by reinforcing hippocampal cognitive maps associated with reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Krishnan
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chad Heer
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chery Cherian
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mark E J Sheffield
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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14
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Chowdhury A, Luchetti A, Fernandes G, Filho DA, Kastellakis G, Tzilivaki A, Ramirez EM, Tran MY, Poirazi P, Silva AJ. A locus coeruleus-dorsal CA1 dopaminergic circuit modulates memory linking. Neuron 2022; 110:3374-3388.e8. [PMID: 36041433 PMCID: PMC10508214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individual memories are often linked so that the recall of one triggers the recall of another. For example, contextual memories acquired close in time can be linked, and this is known to depend on a temporary increase in excitability that drives the overlap between dorsal CA1 (dCA1) hippocampal ensembles that encode the linked memories. Here, we show that locus coeruleus (LC) cells projecting to dCA1 have a key permissive role in contextual memory linking, without affecting contextual memory formation, and that this effect is mediated by dopamine. Additionally, we found that LC-to-dCA1-projecting neurons modulate the excitability of dCA1 neurons and the extent of overlap between dCA1 memory ensembles as well as the stability of coactivity patterns within these ensembles. This discovery of a neuromodulatory system that specifically affects memory linking without affecting memory formation reveals a fundamental separation between the brain mechanisms modulating these two distinct processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Chowdhury
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alessandro Luchetti
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Giselle Fernandes
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Daniel Almeida Filho
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - George Kastellakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH), Vassilica Vouton, PO Box 1527, GR 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tzilivaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH), Vassilica Vouton, PO Box 1527, GR 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin Germany
- Neurocure Cluster of Excellence Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erica M Ramirez
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mary Y Tran
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH), Vassilica Vouton, PO Box 1527, GR 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Lead contact
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15
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Glover ME, Unroe KA, Moughnyeh MM, McCoy C, Kerman IA, Clinton SM. Structural and metabolic activity differences in serotonergic cell groups in a rat model of individual differences of emotionality and stress reactivity. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136752. [PMID: 35753615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin regulates a diverse set of functions, including emotional behavior, cognition, sociability, appetite, and sleep. Serotonin is also a key trophic factor that shapes neurodevelopmental processes. Genetic and environmental factors that drive individual differences in the serotonergic system have the capacity to impact brain structure and behavior, and likely contribute to pathophysiological processes involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. Using adult rats selectively bred for low novelty exploration (Low Responders, LR), we previously demonstrated pronounced increases in the levels of their anxiety- and depression- relevant behaviors as compared to the selectively bred High Novelty Responder (HR) rats. These behavioral differences were accompanied by alterations in the expression of genes that regulate serotonin synthesis in the brainstem, and its signaling in the forebrain. The present study extends these observations with a focus on the organization and the metabolism of brainstem serotonin cell groups that provide serotonergic innervation of the hippocampus and other limbic regions of male HR/LR rats. Using design-based stereology, we found the median raphe (MnR) in adult male LR rats contains increased number of serotonergic neurons as compared to the HRs. This is preceded by an increase in the metabolic activity of the caudal dorsal raphe (DRC) and the intrafascicular DR (DRI) during early postnatal development. These findings suggest that structural and functional differences in the raphe-limbic projections shape behavioral inhibition throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keaton A Unroe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Chelsea McCoy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Behavioral Health Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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16
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Coray R, Quednow BB. The role of serotonin in declarative memory: A systematic review of animal and human research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104729. [PMID: 35691469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic system is involved in diverse cognitive functions including memory. Of particular importance to daily life are declarative memories that contain information about personal experiences, general facts, and events. Several psychiatric or neurological diseases, such as depression, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dementia, show alterations in serotonergic signalling and attendant memory disorders. Nevertheless, understanding serotonergic neurotransmission and its influence on memory remained a challenge until today. In this systematic review, we summarize recent psychopharmacological studies in animals and humans from a psychological memory perspective, in consideration of task-specific requirements. This approach has the advantage that comparisons between serotonin (5-HT)-related neurochemical mechanisms and manipulations are each addressing specific mnemonic circuits. We conclude that applications of the same 5-HT-related treatments can differentially affect unrelated tasks of declarative memories. Moreover, the analysis of specific mnemonic phases (e.g., encoding vs. consolidation) reveals opposing impacts of increased or decreased 5-HT tones, with low 5-HT supporting spatial encoding but impairing the consolidation of objects and verbal memories. Promising targets for protein synthesis-dependent consolidation enhancements include 5-HT4 receptor agonists and 5-HT6 receptor antagonists, with the latter being of special interest for the treatment of age-related decline. Further implications are pointed out as base for the development of novel therapeutic targets for memory impairment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Coray
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Neis VB, Werle I, Moretti M, Rosa PB, Camargo A, de O Dalsenter Y, Platt N, Rosado AF, Engel WD, de Almeida GRL, Selhorst I, Dafre AL, Rodrigues ALS. Involvement of serotonergic neurotransmission in the antidepressant-like effect elicited by cholecalciferol in the chronic unpredictable stress model in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1597-1608. [PMID: 35435610 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholecalciferol deficiency has been associated with stress-related psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. Therefore, the present study investigated the antidepressant-like effect of cholecalciferol in female mice and the possible role of the serotonergic system in this response. The ability of cholecalciferol to elicit an antidepressant-like effect and to modulate serotonin levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) was also investigated. The administration of cholecalciferol (2.5, 7.5, and 25 µg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days, similar to fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o., serotonin reuptake inhibitor), reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test, without altering the locomotor performance in the open-field test. Moreover, the administration of p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA - 100 mg/kg, i.p., for 4 days, a selective inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, involved in the serotonin synthesis) abolished the antidepressant-like effect of cholecalciferol and fluoxetine in the tail suspension test, demonstrating the involvement of serotonergic system. Additionally, CUS protocol (21 days) induced depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test and decreased serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice. Conversely, the administration of cholecalciferol and fluoxetine in the last 7 days of CUS protocol completely abolished the stress-induced depressive-like phenotype. Cholecalciferol was also effective to abrogate CUS-induced reduction on serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Our results indicate that cholecalciferol has an antidepressant-like effect in mice by modulating the serotonergic system and support the assumption that cholecalciferol may have beneficial effects for the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian B Neis
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Isabel Werle
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila B Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Yasmim de O Dalsenter
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Platt
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Axel F Rosado
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - William D Engel
- Educational Society of Santa Catarina - Unisociesc, Jaraguá do Sul, Santa Catarina, 89251-970, Brazil
| | - Gudrian Ricardo L de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Selhorst
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
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18
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Fazekas CL, Bellardie M, Török B, Sipos E, Tóth B, Baranyi M, Sperlágh B, Dobos-Kovács M, Chaillou E, Zelena D. Pharmacogenetic excitation of the median raphe region affects social and depressive-like behavior and core body temperature in male mice. Life Sci 2021; 286:120037. [PMID: 34637795 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Median raphe region (MRR) is an important bottom-up regulatory center for various behaviors as well as vegetative functions, but detailed descriptions and links between the two are still largely unexplored. METHODS Pharmacogenetics was used to study the role of MRR in social (sociability, social interaction, resident intruder test) and emotional behavior (forced swim test) parallel with some vegetative changes (biotelemetry: core body temperature). Additionally, to validate pharmacogenetics, the effect of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), the ligand of the artificial receptor, was studied by measuring (i) serum and brainstem concentrations of CNO and clozapine; (ii) MRR stimulation induced neurotransmitter release in hippocampus; (iii) CNO induced changes in body temperature and locomotor activity. KEY FINDINGS MRR stimulation decreased locomotion, increased friendly social behavior in the resident intruder test and enhanced depressive-like behavior. The latter was accompanied by diminished decrease in core body temperature. Thirty minutes after CNO injection clozapine was predominant in the brainstem. Nonetheless, peripheral CNO injection was able to induce glutamate release in the hippocampus. CNO had no immediate (<30 min) or chronic (repeated injections) effect on the body temperature or locomotion. SIGNIFICANCE We confirmed the role of MRR in locomotion, social and depressive-like behavior. Most interestingly, only depressive-like behavior was accompanied by changed body temperature regulation, which was also observed in human depressive disorders previously. This indicates clinical relevance of our findings. Despite low penetration, CNO acts centrally, but does not influence the examined basic parameters, being suitable for repeated behavioral testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Manon Bellardie
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; INRAE Centre Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, France
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sipos
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Blanka Tóth
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Elodie Chaillou
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, France
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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19
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l-Menthol increases extracellular dopamine and c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal striatum, and promotes ambulatory activity in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260713. [PMID: 34847183 PMCID: PMC8631625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to psychostimulants, the peripheral administration of menthol promotes mouse motor activity, and the neurotransmitter dopamine has been suggested to be involved in this effect. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of l-menthol on parts of the central nervous system that are involved in motor effects. The subcutaneous administration of l-menthol significantly increased the number of c-Fos-like immunoreactive nuclei in the dorsal striatum of the mice, and motor activity was promoted. It also increased the extracellular dopamine level in the dorsal striatum of the mice. These observations indicated that after subcutaneous administration, l-menthol enhances dopamine-mediated neurotransmission, and activates neuronal activity in the dorsal striatum, thereby promoting motor activity in mice.
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20
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Abstract
An organism's survival can depend on its ability to recall and navigate to spatial locations associated with rewards, such as food or a home. Accumulating research has revealed that computations of reward and its prediction occur on multiple levels across a complex set of interacting brain regions, including those that support memory and navigation. However, how the brain coordinates the encoding, recall and use of reward information to guide navigation remains incompletely understood. In this Review, we propose that the brain's classical navigation centres - the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex - are ideally suited to coordinate this larger network by representing both physical and mental space as a series of states. These states may be linked to reward via neuromodulatory inputs to the hippocampus-entorhinal cortex system. Hippocampal outputs can then broadcast sequences of states to the rest of the brain to store reward associations or to facilitate decision-making, potentially engaging additional value signals downstream. This proposal is supported by recent advances in both experimental and theoretical neuroscience. By discussing the neural systems traditionally tied to navigation and reward at their intersection, we aim to offer an integrated framework for understanding navigation to reward as a fundamental feature of many cognitive processes.
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21
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Bin Ibrahim MZ, Benoy A, Sajikumar S. Long-term plasticity in the hippocampus: maintaining within and 'tagging' between synapses. FEBS J 2021; 289:2176-2201. [PMID: 34109726 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synapses between neurons are malleable biochemical structures, strengthening and diminishing over time dependent on the type of information they receive. This phenomenon known as synaptic plasticity underlies learning and memory, and its different forms, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), perform varied cognitive roles in reinforcement, relearning and associating memories. Moreover, both LTP and LTD can exist in an early transient form (early-LTP/LTD) or a late persistent form (late-LTP/LTD), which are triggered by different induction protocols, and also differ in their dependence on protein synthesis and the involvement of key molecular players. Beyond homosynaptic modifications, synapses can also interact with one another. This is encapsulated in the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis (STC), where synapses expressing early-LTP/LTD present a 'tag' that can capture the protein synthesis products generated during a temporally proximal late-LTP/LTD induction. This 'tagging' phenomenon forms the framework of synaptic interactions in various conditions and accounts for the cellular basis of the time-dependent associativity of short-lasting and long-lasting memories. All these synaptic modifications take place under controlled neuronal conditions, regulated by subcellular elements such as epigenetic regulation, proteasomal degradation and neuromodulatory signals. Here, we review current understanding of the different forms of synaptic plasticity and its regulatory mechanisms in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory formation. We also discuss expression of plasticity in hippocampal CA2 area, a long-overlooked narrow hippocampal subfield and the behavioural correlate of STC. Lastly, we put forth perspectives for an integrated view of memory representation in synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amrita Benoy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Khodaverdi M, Rahdar M, Davoudi S, Hajisoltani R, Tavassoli Z, Ghasemi Z, Amini AE, Hosseinmardi N, Behzadi G, Janahmadi M. 5-HT7 receptor activation rescues impaired synaptic plasticity in an autistic-like rat model induced by prenatal VPA exposure. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107462. [PMID: 34015444 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe life-long neuropsychiatric disorder. Alterations and imbalance of several neurochemical systems may be involved in ASD pathophysiology, of them, serotonergic neurotransmission dysfunction and deficiency may underlie behavioral abnormalities associated with ASD. However, the functional importance of serotonergic receptors, particularly 5HT7 receptors in ASD pathology remains poorly defined. Serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7R) plays a direct regulatory role in the development and also for the mature function of the brain, therefore, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of these receptors in the etiology of autism. To address this issue, we combined here behavioral, electrophysiological methods to further characterize the contribution of 5-HT7Rs in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure-induced impairment in synaptic plasticity and their impact on the associated behavioral changes. This may help to unravel the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in ASD and can lead to new treatment and/or prevention therapies based on the role of the serotonergic system for autism. Findings revealed that compared to control, autistic-like offspring showed increased anxiety-like behavior, reduced social interaction, decreased locomotor activity, and impaired identification of the novel object. However, administration of 5-HT7Rs agonist, LP-211, for 7 consecutive days before testing from postnatal day 21 to 27 reversed all behavioral deficits induced by prenatal exposure to VPA in offspring. Also, both short-term depression and long-term potentiation were impaired in the autistic-like pups, but activation of 5-HT7Rs rescued the LTP impairment in the autistic-like group so that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Blockade of 5-HT7Rs caused LTP impairment following HFS in the autistic-like group. Besides, there was a significant difference in LTD induction following SB-269970 application between the control and the autistic-like groups measured at first 10 min following TPS. Moreover, both the number and the size of retrograde fast blue-labelled neurons in the raphe nuclei were reduced. Overall, these results provide for the first time, as far as we know, functional evidence for the restorative role of 5-HT7Rs activation against prenatal VPA exposure induced behavioral deficits and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment. Therefore, these receptors could be a potential and promising pharmacotherapy target for the treatment of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khodaverdi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Rahdar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Davoudi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Hajisoltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tavassoli
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aeen Ebrahim Amini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Narges Hosseinmardi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gila Behzadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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McDevitt RA, Marino RAM, Tejeda HA, Bonci A. Serotonergic inhibition of responding for conditioned but not primary reinforcers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 205:173186. [PMID: 33836219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is widely implicated as a modulator of brain reward function. However, laboratory studies have not yielded a consensus on which specific reward-related processes are influenced by serotonin and in what manner. Here we explored the role of serotonin in cue-reward learning in mice. In a first series of experiments, we found that acute administration of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors citalopram, fluoxetine, or duloxetine all reduced lever pressing reinforced on an FR1 schedule with presentation of a cue that had been previously paired with delivery of food. However, citalopram had no effect on responding that was reinforced with both cue and food on an FR1 schedule. Furthermore, citalopram did not affect nose poke responses that produced no auditory, visual, or proprioceptive cues but were reinforced with food pellets on a progressive ratio schedule. We next performed region-specific knock out of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis. Viral delivery of Cre recombinase was targeted to dorsal or median raphe nuclei (DRN, MRN), the major sources of ascending serotonergic projections. MRN but not DRN knockouts were impaired in development of cue-elicited approach during Pavlovian conditioning; both groups were subsequently hyper-responsive when lever pressing for cue presentation. The inhibitory effect of citalopram was attenuated in DRN but not MRN knockouts. Our findings are in agreement with prior studies showing serotonin to suppress responding for conditioned reinforcers. Furthermore, these results suggest an inhibitory role of MRN serotonin neurons in the initial attribution of motivational properties to a reward-predictive cue, but not in its subsequent maintenance. In contrast, the DRN appears to promote the reduction of motivational value attached to a cue when it is presented repeatedly in the absence of primary reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A McDevitt
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Rosa Anna M Marino
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Hugo A Tejeda
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration Unit, National Institute on Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Global Institutes on Addictions, Miami, FL, United States of America
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24
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Dudok B, Klein PM, Hwaun E, Lee BR, Yao Z, Fong O, Bowler JC, Terada S, Sparks FT, Szabo GG, Farrell JS, Berg J, Daigle TL, Tasic B, Dimidschstein J, Fishell G, Losonczy A, Zeng H, Soltesz I. Alternating sources of perisomatic inhibition during behavior. Neuron 2021; 109:997-1012.e9. [PMID: 33529646 PMCID: PMC7979482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interneurons expressing cholecystokinin (CCK) and parvalbumin (PV) constitute two key GABAergic controllers of hippocampal pyramidal cell output. Although the temporally precise and millisecond-scale inhibitory regulation of neuronal ensembles delivered by PV interneurons is well established, the in vivo recruitment patterns of CCK-expressing basket cell (BC) populations has remained unknown. We show in the CA1 of the mouse hippocampus that the activity of CCK BCs inversely scales with both PV and pyramidal cell activity at the behaviorally relevant timescales of seconds. Intervention experiments indicated that the inverse coupling of CCK and PV GABAergic systems arises through a mechanism involving powerful inhibitory control of CCK BCs by PV cells. The tightly coupled complementarity of two key microcircuit regulatory modules demonstrates a novel form of brain-state-specific segregation of inhibition during spontaneous behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barna Dudok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Peter M Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ernie Hwaun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia Fong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John C Bowler
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Satoshi Terada
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fraser T Sparks
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gergely G Szabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jordan S Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jordane Dimidschstein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gord Fishell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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25
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Beyeler A, Ju A, Chagraoui A, Cuvelle L, Teixeira M, Di Giovanni G, De Deurwaerdère P. Multiple facets of serotonergic modulation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:3-39. [PMID: 33785133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic system of the central nervous system (CNS) has been implicated in a broad range of physiological functions and behaviors, such as cognition, mood, social interaction, sexual behavior, feeding behavior, sleep-wake cycle and thermoregulation. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) establishes a plethora of interactions with neurochemical systems in the CNS via its numerous 5-HT receptors and autoreceptors. The facets of this control are multiple if we consider the molecular actors playing a role in the autoregulation of 5-HT neuron activity including the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2B, 5-HT7 receptors as well as the serotonin transporter. Moreover, extrinsic loops involving other neurotransmitters giving the other 5-HT receptors the possibility to impact 5-HT neuron activity. Grasping the complexity of these interactions is essential for the development of a variety of therapeutic strategies for cognitive defects and mood disorders. Presently we can illustrate the plurality of the mechanisms and only conceive that these 5-HT controls are likely not uniform in terms of regional and neuronal distribution. Our understanding of the specific expression patterns of these receptors on specific circuits and neuronal populations are progressing and will expand our comprehension of the function and interaction of these receptors with other chemical systems. Thus, the development of new approaches profiling the expression of 5-HT receptors and autoreceptors should reveal additional facets of the 5-HT controls of neurochemical systems in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Beyeler
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anes Ju
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Lise Cuvelle
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Teixeira
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Bombardi C, Grandis A, Pivac N, Sagud M, Lucas G, Chagraoui A, Lemaire-Mayo V, De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G. Serotonin modulation of hippocampal functions: From anatomy to neurotherapeutics. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:83-158. [PMID: 33785139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal region receives a dense serotoninergic innervation originating from both medial and dorsal raphe nuclei. This innervation regulates hippocampal activity through the activation of distinct receptor families that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, terminals of several afferent neurotransmitter systems, and glial cells. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that hippocampal dysfunctions are involved in learning and memory deficits, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic syndrome disorder, whereas the hippocampus participates also in the therapeutic mechanisms of numerous medicines. Not surprisingly, several drugs acting via 5-HT mechanisms are efficacious to some extent in some diseases and the link between 5-HT and the hippocampus although clear remains difficult to untangle. For this reason, we review reported data concerning the distribution and the functional roles of the 5-HT receptors in the hippocampal region in health and disease. The impact of the 5-HT systems on the hippocampal function is such that the research of new 5-HT mechanisms and drugs is still very active. It concerns notably drugs acting at the 5-HT1A,2A,2C,4,6 receptor subtypes, in addition to the already existing drugs including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudier Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Valérie Lemaire-Mayo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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27
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Promoting Pleasant Memories with a Specialized Serotonergic Projection to the Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2021; 41:212-214. [PMID: 33441443 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1615-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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