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Jmel H, Boukhalfa W, Gouiza I, Seghaier RO, Dallali H, Kefi R. Pharmacogenetic landscape of pain management variants among Mediterranean populations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1380613. [PMID: 38813106 PMCID: PMC11134176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a major socioeconomic burden in the Mediterranean region. However, we noticed an under-representation of these populations in the pharmacogenetics of pain management studies. In this context, we aimed 1) to decipher the pharmacogenetic variant landscape among Mediterranean populations compared to worldwide populations in order to identify therapeutic biomarkers for personalized pain management and 2) to better understand the biological process of pain management through in silico investigation of pharmacogenes pathways. Materials and Methods We collected genes and variants implicated in pain response using the Prisma guidelines from literature and PharmGK database. Next, we extracted these genes from genotyping data of 829 individuals. Then, we determined the variant distribution among the studied populations using multivariate (MDS) and admixture analysis with R and STRUCTURE software. We conducted a Chi2 test to compare the interethnic frequencies of the identified variants. We used SNPinfo web server, miRdSNP database to identify miRNA-binding sites. In addition, we investigated the functions of the identified genes and variants using pathway enrichment analysis and annotation tools. Finally, we performed docking analysis to assess the impact of variations on drug interactions. Results We identified 63 variants implicated in pain management. MDS analysis revealed that Mediterranean populations are genetically similar to Mexican populations and divergent from other populations. STRUCTURE analysis showed that Mediterranean populations are mainly composed of European ancestry. We highlighted differences in the minor allele frequencies of three variants (rs633, rs4680, and rs165728) located in the COMT gene. Moreover, variant annotation revealed ten variants with potential miRNA-binding sites. Finally, protein structure and docking analysis revealed that two missense variants (rs4680 and rs6267) induced a decrease in COMT protein activity and affinity for dopamine. Conclusion Our findings revealed that Mediterranean populations diverge from other ethnic groups. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of pain-related pathways and miRNAs to better implement these markers as predictors of analgesic responses in the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Jmel
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wided Boukhalfa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Gouiza
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- MitoLab Team, Unité MitoVasc, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Roua Ouled Seghaier
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Multi-omics to predict changes during cold pressor test. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:759. [PMCID: PMC9675059 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cold pressor test (CPT) is a widely used pain provocation test to investigate both pain tolerance and cardiovascular responses. We hypothesize, that performing multi-omic analyses during CPT gives the opportunity to home in on molecular mechanisms involved. Twenty-two females were phenotypically assessed before and after a CPT, and blood samples were taken. RNA-Sequencing, steroid profiling and untargeted metabolomics were performed. Each ‘omic level was analyzed separately at both single-feature and systems-level (principal component [PCA] and partial least squares [PLS] regression analysis) and all ‘omic levels were combined using an integrative multi-omics approach, all using the paired-sample design. Results We showed that PCA was not able to discriminate time points, while PLS did significantly distinguish time points using metabolomics and/or transcriptomic data, but not using conventional physiological measures. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed at feature-, systems- and integrative- level biologically relevant processes involved during CPT, e.g. lipid metabolism and stress response. Conclusion Multi-omics strategies have a great potential in pain research, both at feature- and systems- level. Therefore, they should be exploited in intervention studies, such as pain provocation tests, to gain knowledge on the biological mechanisms involved in complex traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08981-z.
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Malange KF, Navia-Pelaez JM, Dias EV, Lemes JBP, Choi SH, Dos Santos GG, Yaksh TL, Corr M. Macrophages and glial cells: Innate immune drivers of inflammatory arthritic pain perception from peripheral joints to the central nervous system. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:1018800. [PMID: 36387416 PMCID: PMC9644179 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1018800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from arthritis worldwide, consistently struggling with daily activities due to debilitating pain evoked by this disease. Perhaps the most intensively investigated type of inflammatory arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where, despite considerable advances in research and clinical management, gaps regarding the neuroimmune interactions that guide inflammation and chronic pain in this disease remain to be clarified. The pain and inflammation associated with arthritis are not isolated to the joints, and inflammatory mechanisms induced by different immune and glial cells in other tissues may affect the development of chronic pain that results from the disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art research on the roles that innate immune, and glial cells play in the onset and maintenance of arthritis-associated pain, reviewing nociceptive pathways from the joint through the dorsal root ganglion, spinal circuits, and different structures in the brain. We will focus on the cellular mechanisms related to neuroinflammation and pain, and treatments targeting these mechanisms from the periphery and the CNS. A comprehensive understanding of the role these cells play in peripheral inflammation and initiation of pain and the central pathways in the spinal cord and brain will facilitate identifying new targets and pathways to aide in developing therapeutic strategies to treat joint pain associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaue Franco Malange
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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Mabou Tagne A, Fotio Y, Uppal PS, Piomelli D. Synergistic antinociceptive effects of concomitant NAAA and peripheral FAAH inhibition. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114194. [PMID: 35932800 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular lipid amidases, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), terminate the actions of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), two antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory lipid-derived mediators. Here we show, confirming prior research, that small-molecule inhibitors of peripheral FAAH (compound URB937) and systemic NAAA (compound ARN19702) individually attenuate, in male CD-1 mice, pain-related behaviors and paw inflammation in the formalin and carrageenan tests. More importantly, isobolographic analyses revealed that the combination of URB937 and ARN19702 produced substantial synergistic (greater than additive) antinociceptive effects in both models as well as additive anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan test. Together, the findings uncover a functional interplay between FAAH and NAAA substrates in the control of nociception, which might be exploited clinically to develop safe and effective pain management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA.
| | - Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA
| | - Parwinder Singh Uppal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA.
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Lucarini E, Micheli L, Pagnotta E, Toti A, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Margiotta F, Martelli A, Testai L, Calderone V, Matteo R, Suriano S, Troccoli A, Pecchioni N, Manera C, Mannelli LDC, Ghelardini C. The Efficacy of Camelina sativa Defatted Seed Meal against Colitis-Induced Persistent Visceral Hypersensitivity: The Relevance of PPAR α Receptor Activation in Pain Relief. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153137. [PMID: 35956313 PMCID: PMC9370738 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae are natural sources of bioactive compounds able to promote gut health. Belonging to this plant family, Camelina sativa is an ancient oil crop rich in glucosinolates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants that is attracting renewed attention for its nutraceutical potential. This work aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of a defatted seed meal (DSM) of Camelina sativa on the colon damage and the persistent visceral hypersensitivity associated with colitis in rats. Inflammation was induced by the intrarectal injection of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The acute administration of Camelina sativa DSM (0.1–1 g kg−1) showed a dose-dependent pain-relieving effect in DNBS-treated rats. The efficacy of the meal was slightly enhanced after bioactivation with myrosinase, which increased isothiocyanate availability, and drastically decreased by pre-treating the animals with the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) receptor antagonist GW6471. Repeated treatments with Camelina sativa DSM (1 g kg−1) meal counteracted the development, as well as the persistence, of visceral hyperalgesia in DNBS-treated animals by reducing the intestinal inflammatory damage and preventing enteric neuron damage. In conclusion, Camelina sativa meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool to manage persistent abdominal pain in patients and to promote gut healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesco Margiotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Serafino Suriano
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Antonio Troccoli
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
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Lind J, Stensson N, Gerdle B, Ghafouri N. Levels of bioactive endogenous lipids and health-related quality of life in Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy. Ups J Med Sci 2022; 127:8577. [PMID: 37621890 PMCID: PMC10445423 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v127.8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although neuropathic pain is a significant problem in polyneuropathy, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The endogenous bioactive lipids 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and stearoylethanolamide (SEA) are known to influence pain and inflammation in the peripheral nervous system. The aim of this study was to explore the plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related lipids and health-related quality of life in patients with polyneuropathy with and without pain. Methods Patients (n = 48) with Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Neuropathy were included. Clinical data were retrieved from medical files. All patients filled out the SF-36 and EQ-5D questionnaires. In addition, blood samples were analyzed for 2-AG, OEA, PEA, and SEA. Results Neuropathic pain was reported in 21 of the patients. There were significantly lower levels of 2-AG in patients with neuropathic pain (P = 0.03), but there were no significant differences in OEA (P = 0.61), PEA (P = 0.95), or SEA (P = 0.97) levels. The patients reporting pain in the hands had significantly lower SEA levels, 10.0 versus 15.0 (P = 0.03). The levels of 2-AG were significantly higher among patients reporting paresthesia in their feet (80.1 vs. 56.3; P = 0.02). Levels of PEA, SEA, and 2-AG were decreased in patients with loss of vibration. PEA and SEA were decreased in patients with loss of pain and temperature, and SEA decreased in patients with loss of sense of touch. However, the differences in the levels of bioactive endogenous lipids were not statistically significant when corrected for multiple comparisons. Conclusion Alterations of 2-AG levels between polyneuropathy patients with and without neurogenic pain indicate that it could play an essential role. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lind
- Department of Neurology, Internal Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Stensson
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Lipidomic Profiling Identifies Serum Lipids Associated with Persistent Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030206. [PMID: 35323649 PMCID: PMC8953175 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators have been suggested to have a role in pain sensitivity and response; however, longitudinal data on lipid metabolites and persistent multisite musculoskeletal pain (MSMP) are lacking. This study was to identify lipid metabolic markers for persistent MSMP. Lipidomic profiling of 807 lipid species was performed on serum samples of 536 participants from a cohort study. MSMP was measured by a questionnaire and defined as painful sites ≥4. Persistent MSMP was defined as having MSMP at every visit. Logistic regression was used with adjustment for potential confounders. The Benjamini–Hochberg method was used to control for multiple testing. A total of 530 samples with 807 lipid metabolites passed quality control. Mean age at baseline was 61.54 ± 6.57 years and 50% were females. In total, 112 (21%) of the participants had persistent MSMP. Persistent MSMP was significantly associated with lower levels of monohexosylceramide (HexCer)(d18:1/22:0 and d18:1/24:0), acylcarnitine (AC)(26:0) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)(18:1 [sn1], 18:2 [sn1], 18:2 [sn2], and 15-MHDA[sn1] [104_sn1]) after controlling for multiple testing. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, and physical activity, HexCer(d18:1/22:0 and d18:1/24:0) and LPC(15-MHDA [sn1] [104_sn1]) were significantly associated with persistent MSMP [Odds Ratio (OR) ranging from 0.25–0.36]. Two lipid classes—HexCer and LPC—were negatively associated with persistent MSMP after adjustment for covariates (OR = 0.22 and 0.27, respectively). This study identified three novel lipid signatures of persistent MSMP, suggesting that lipid metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of persistent pain.
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Wang C, Xu B, Wang P, Yu W, Zeng X, Xiong N, Yin P, Liu Q, Lin H. Association of dyslipidemia with chronic non-malignant pain in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures treated by primary total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective study. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211045224. [PMID: 34590917 PMCID: PMC8489765 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211045224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of chronic non-malignant pain (CNP) with dyslipidemia is unclear. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the association between CNP and dyslipidemia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated by primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS We retrospectively identified 521 consecutive patients with FNFs (AO/OTA type 31B) who underwent primary unilateral THA from 2009 to 2021. The study population was divided into patients with and without CNP. Serum lipids were measured for each patient. The association between CNP and dyslipidemia was assessed using a multivariate binary logistic regression model. RESULTS In total, 436 patients (220 with CNP, 216 without CNP) were eligible for analysis. In the quantile regression, the adverse effect of CNP was significantly attenuated by resilience in patients with a high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration and low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. The multivariate binary logistic regression model showed that the HDL and LDL concentrations were the only variables significantly associated with the development of CNP. CONCLUSION Both a low HDL and high LDL concentration may result in the occurrence of CNP in elderly patients with FNFs treated by primary unilateral THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianshang Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Yin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanyi Lin
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
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The Role of PPAR Alpha in the Modulation of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910545. [PMID: 34638886 PMCID: PMC8508635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is a potent regulator of systemic and cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, but it also suppresses various inflammatory reactions. In this review, we focus on its role in the regulation of innate immunity; in particular, we discuss the PPARα interplay with inflammatory transcription factor signaling, pattern-recognition receptor signaling, and the endocannabinoid system. We also present examples of the PPARα-specific immunomodulatory functions during parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, as well as approach several issues associated with innate immunity processes, such as the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, phagocytosis, and the effector functions of macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, and mast cells. The described phenomena encourage the application of endogenous and pharmacological PPARα agonists to alleviate the disorders of immunological background and the development of new solutions that engage PPARα activation or suppression.
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Finn DP, Haroutounian S, Hohmann AG, Krane E, Soliman N, Rice ASC. Cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and pain: a review of preclinical studies. Pain 2021; 162:S5-S25. [PMID: 33729211 PMCID: PMC8819673 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This narrative review represents an output from the International Association for the Study of Pain's global task force on the use of cannabis, cannabinoids, and cannabis-based medicines for pain management, informed by our companion systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies in this area. Our aims in this review are (1) to describe the value of studying cannabinoids and endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system modulators in preclinical/animal models of pain; (2) to discuss both pain-related efficacy and additional pain-relevant effects (adverse and beneficial) of cannabinoids and endocannabinoid system modulators as they pertain to animal models of pathological or injury-related persistent pain; and (3) to identify important directions for future research. In service of these goals, this review (1) provides an overview of the endocannabinoid system and the pharmacology of cannabinoids and endocannabinoid system modulators, with specific relevance to animal models of pathological or injury-related persistent pain; (2) describes pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids in rodents and humans; and (3) highlights differences and discrepancies between preclinical and clinical studies in this area. Preclinical (rodent) models have advanced our understanding of the underlying sites and mechanisms of action of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in suppressing nociceptive signaling and behaviors. We conclude that substantial evidence from animal models supports the contention that cannabinoids and endocannabinoid system modulators hold considerable promise for analgesic drug development, although the challenge of translating this knowledge into clinically useful medicines is not to be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, Human Biology Building, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Simon Haroutounian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Elliot Krane
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, & Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nadia Soliman
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Andrew SC Rice
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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11
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Fotio Y, Sasso O, Ciccocioppo R, Piomelli D. Antinociceptive Profile of ARN19702, (2-Ethylsulfonylphenyl)-[(2S)-4-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methanone, a Novel Orally Active N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibitor, in Animal Models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:70-76. [PMID: 33986036 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase that stops the physiologic actions of palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous lipid messenger that activates the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α We have previously reported that the compound ARN19702 [(2-ethylsulfonylphenyl)-[(2S)-4-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methanone] is an orally active, reversible NAAA inhibitor (IC50 on human NAAA = 230 nM) that produces remarkable protective effects against multiple sclerosis in mice. In the present study, we assessed the profile of ARN19702 in mouse and rat models of acute and neuropathic pain. Oral administration in male mice attenuated in a dose-dependent manner the spontaneous nocifensive response elicited by intraplantar formalin injection and the hypersensitivity caused by intraplantar carrageenan injection, paw incision, or sciatic nerve ligation. In male rats, ARN19702 reduced nociception associated with paclitaxel-induced neuropathy without development of subacute antinociceptive tolerance. Finally, ARN19702 (30 mg/kg, oral) did not produce place preference or alter exploratory motor behavior in male mice. The findings support the conclusion that NAAA is a suitable molecular target for the discovery of efficacious analgesic drugs devoid of rewarding potential. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study evaluated the pharmacological profile of the orally bioavailable N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitor (2-ethylsulfonylphenyl)-[(2S)-4-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methanone (ARN19702) in mouse and rat models of neurogenic and inflammatory pain. The compound's potential rewarding and sedative effects were also examined. It is concluded that ARN19702 exhibits a broad analgesic profile that can be generalized across rodent species. The findings point to NAAA as a control node in the processing of neuropathic and inflammatory pain and to ARN19702 as a lead to uncover novel pain therapeutics devoid of addictive potential .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
| | - Oscar Sasso
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
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12
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Abstract
Chronic posttraumatic headache (PTH) is among the most common and disabling sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current PTH treatments are often only partially effective and have problematic side effects. We previously showed in a small randomized trial of patients with chronic nontraumatic headaches that manipulation of dietary fatty acids decreased headache frequency, severity, and pain medication use. Pain reduction was associated with alterations in oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, suggesting that oxylipins could potentially mediate clinical pain reduction. The objective of this study was to investigate whether circulating oxylipins measured in the acute setting after TBI could serve as prognostic biomarkers for developing chronic PTH. Participants enrolled in the Traumatic Head Injury Neuroimaging Classification Protocol provided serum within 3 days of TBI and were followed up at 90 days postinjury with a neurobehavioral symptom inventory (NSI) and satisfaction with life survey. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods profiled 39 oxylipins derived from n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-6 arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. Statistical analyses assessed the association of oxylipins with headache severity (primary outcome, measured by headache question on NSI) as well as associations between oxylipins and total NSI or satisfaction with life survey scores. Among oxylipins, 4-hydroxy-DHA and 19,20-epoxy-docosapentaenoate (DHA derivatives) were inversely associated with headache severity, and 11-hydroxy-9-epoxy-octadecenoate (a linoleic acid derivative) was positively associated with headache severity. These findings support a potential for DHA-derived oxylipins as prognostic biomarkers for development of chronic PTH.
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13
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della Rocca G, Gamba D. Chronic Pain in Dogs and Cats: Is There Place for Dietary Intervention with Micro-Palmitoylethanolamide? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:952. [PMID: 33805489 PMCID: PMC8065429 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic pain is an integral challenge of small animal veterinary practitioners. Multiple pharmacological agents are usually employed to treat maladaptive pain including opiates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and others. In order to limit adverse effects and tolerance development, they are often combined with non-pharmacologic measures such as acupuncture and dietary interventions. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-neuronal cells such as mast cells and microglia play active roles in the pathogenesis of maladaptive pain. Accordingly, these cells are currently viewed as potential new targets for managing chronic pain. Palmitoylethanolamide is an endocannabinoid-like compound found in several food sources and considered a body's own analgesic. The receptor-dependent control of non-neuronal cells mediates the pain-relieving effect of palmitoylethanolamide. Accumulating evidence shows the anti-hyperalgesic effect of supplemented palmitoylethanolamide, especially in the micronized and co-micronized formulations (i.e., micro-palmitoylethanolamide), which allow for higher bioavailability. In the present paper, the role of non-neuronal cells in pain signaling is discussed and a large number of studies on the effect of palmitoylethanolamide in inflammatory and neuropathic chronic pain are reviewed. Overall, available evidence suggests that there is place for micro-palmitoylethanolamide in the dietary management of chronic pain in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Gamba
- Operational Unit of Anesthesia, Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Roma, Italy;
- Freelance, DG Vet Pain Therapy, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
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14
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Buisseret B, Guillemot-Legris O, Ben Kouidar Y, Paquot A, Muccioli GG, Alhouayek M. Effects of R-flurbiprofen and the oxygenated metabolites of endocannabinoids in inflammatory pain mice models. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21411. [PMID: 33749884 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002468r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pain is one of the cardinal signs accompanying inflammation. The prostaglandins (PGs), synthetized from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, are major bioactive lipids implicated in inflammation and pain. However, COX-2 is also able to metabolize other lipids, including the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA), to give glycerol ester (PG-G) and ethanolamide (PG-EA) derivatives of the PGs. Consequently, COX-2 can be considered as a hub not only controlling PG synthesis, but also PG-G and PG-EA synthesis. As they were more recently characterized, these endocannabinoid metabolites are less studied in nociception compared to PGs. Interestingly R-profens, previously considered as inactive enantiomers of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are substrate-selective COX inhibitors. Indeed, R-flurbiprofen can selectively block PG-G and PG-EA production, without affecting PG synthesis from COX-2. Therefore, we compared the effect of R-flurbiprofen and S-flurbiprofen in models of inflammatory pain triggered by local administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and carrageenan in mice. Remarkably, the effects of flurbiprofen enantiomers on mechanical hyperalgesia seem to depend on (i) the inflammatory stimuli, (ii) the route of administration, and (iii) the timing of administration. We also assessed the effect of administration of the PG-Gs, PG-EAs, and PGs on LPS-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Our data support the interest of studying the nonhydrolytic endocannabinoid metabolism in the context of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Buisseret
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Youssef Ben Kouidar
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Zavala CA, Thomaz AC, Iyer V, Mackie K, Hohmann AG. Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Activation Attenuates Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2020; 6:389-400. [PMID: 33998863 PMCID: PMC8612411 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Overdose fatalities associated with the opioid epidemic are predictably attributable to drug-induced respiratory depression. In terms of illicit opioid abuse, fentanyl is the synthetic opioid responsible for the largest number of overdose deaths. There is, therefore, an urgent need to identify safe and effective therapeutics that can attenuate fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Identification of effective alternate analgesic strategies that lessen the respiratory depression associated with narcotics would also help improve current strategies for pain management. Our laboratory recently reported that the G protein-biased CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist LY2828360 suppressed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic nociception and attenuated both morphine tolerance and physical dependence in paclitaxel-treated mice. However, the impact of LY2828360 on other undesirable side effects of opioids, such as opioid-induced respiratory depression, remains unknown. Materials and Methods: We used whole-body plethysmography to assess the impact of the CB2 cannabinoid agonist LY2828360 on fentanyl-induced respiratory depression using wild-type (WT) and CB2 knockout (CB2KO) mice. Results: Fentanyl reduced minute ventilation and respiratory frequency without altering tidal volume in both WT and CB2KO mice. In WT mice, the high dose of fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]) produced a greater suppression of respiratory parameters compared with the low dose of fentanyl (0.1 mg/kg i.p.). Coadministration of a behaviorally active dose of LY2828360 (3 mg/kg i.p.) with fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg i.p.) attenuated fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in WT mice. Notably, LY2828360 (3 mg/kg i.p.) did not attenuate fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in CB2KO mice, consistent with mediation by CB2 receptors. Moreover, LY2828360 (3 mg/kg i.p.) alone lacked intrinsic effects on respiratory parameters in either WT or CB2KO mice. Conclusion: The combination of a CB2 agonist with fentanyl may represent a safer adjunctive therapeutic strategy compared with a narcotic analgesic alone by attenuating the development of opioid-induced respiratory depression. Moreover, the CB2 agonist, administered alone, did not alter respiration. Our findings suggest that the CB2 cannabinoid agonist LY2828360 may provide CB2-mediated protection against fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, a detrimental and unwanted side effect of opioid use and abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A. Zavala
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ana C. Thomaz
- Genome, Cell, and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Vishakh Iyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Genome, Cell, and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea G. Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Genome, Cell, and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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16
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Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Di Paola R, Schievano C, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. Dietary Supplementation with Palmitoyl-Glucosamine Co-Micronized with Curcumin Relieves Osteoarthritis Pain and Benefits Joint Mobility. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101827. [PMID: 33049960 PMCID: PMC7601140 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease and a major cause of elective euthanasia. The disorder increasingly limits joint motion, might cause lameness as well as pain, and impacts quality of life. An unmet need remains for safe and effective therapies for osteoarthritis. Palmitoyl-glucosamine and curcumin are used in animal nutrition. A co-micronized formulation, with the two substances being jointly processed to reduce their particle size and increase the extent to which they can be absorbed, is currently available on the European market. The present study investigated if this formulation could relieve joint pain and benefit mobility. Two well-established rat models of inflammation and osteoarthritis pain were used. Results from the first set of experiments showed that the dietary supplement relieved experimentally induced paw edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli (thermal hyperalgesia). In the osteoarthritis model, the supplement proved to protect joint cartilage against degradation and successfully address neuropathic pain (i.e., pain from normally non-painful stimuli). Locomotor function recovered by 45% under supplement administration. The present findings suggest that the dietary supplement with palmitoyl-glucosamine co-micronized with curcumin might help manage osteoarthritis. Abstract Chronic mixed pain and orthopedic dysfunction are the most frequently associated consequences of canine osteoarthritis (OA). An unmet need remains for safe and effective therapies for OA. Palmitoyl-glucosamine (PGA) and curcumin are safe and naturally occurring compounds whose use is limited by poor bioavailability. Micronization is an established technique to increase bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate if the dietary supplementation with PGA co-micronized with curcumin (PGA-Cur, 2:1 ratio by mass) could limit pathologic process in two well-established rat models of inflammation and OA pain, i.e., subplantar carrageenan (CAR) and knee injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA), respectively. In CAR-injected animals, a single dose of PGA-cur significantly reduced paw edema and hyperalgesia, as well as tissue damage and neutrophil infiltration. The repeated administration of PGA-Cur three times per week for 21 days, starting the third day after MIA injection resulted in a significant anti-allodynic effect. Protection against cartilage damage and recovery of locomotor function by 45% were also recorded. Finally, PGA-cur significantly counteracted MIA-induced increase in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NGF, as well as metalloproteases 1, 3, and 9. All the effects of PGA-Cur were superior compared to the compounds used singly. PGA-Cur emerged as a useful dietary intervention for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Innovative Statistical Research srl, Prato Della Valle 24, I-35123 Padova, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
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17
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Ekstrand B, Scheers N, Rasmussen MK, Young JF, Ross AB, Landberg R. Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:693-708. [PMID: 32989449 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between the inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food and nutrition, essential in maintenance of brain performance, also aid in prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Both the overall composition of the human diet and specific dietary components have been shown to have an impact on brain function in various experimental models and epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of diet in 5 key areas of brain function related to mental health and performance, including: (1) brain development, (2) signaling networks and neurotransmitters in the brain, (3) cognition and memory, (4) the balance between protein formation and degradation, and (5) deteriorative effects due to chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of brain physiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ekstrand
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Scheers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Badois N, Bauër P, Cheron M, Hoffmann C, Nicodeme M, Choussy O, Lesnik M, Poitrine FC, Fromantin I. Acellular fish skin matrix on thin-skin graft donor sites: a preliminary study. J Wound Care 2020; 28:624-628. [PMID: 31513492 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.9.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgery for head and neck cancer often requires free flap reconstructions, whose harvesting site often requires a thin-skin graft. Wounds from the thin-skin donor site are comparable to an intermediate or deep second-degree burn. This is uncomfortable and can lead to complications such as a long healing time, local infections and pain. Since they are reproducible, these wounds may serve as a model for an objective assessment of new healing medical devices. The acellular fish skin matrix is a new medical device designed to improve healing quality and time. METHODS We compared the outcomes between standard procedure and the use of this matrix placed on the split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor site, in patients operated on in our centre for radial forearm free flap reconstruction for head and neck wounds. RESULTS There were 21 patients included. The healing time was halved when using the acellular fish skin matrix, from 68 to 32 days on average. Acellular fish skin matrix reduced pain levels and local infection. The visual analogue pain scale (VAS) was ≥3 at five days (p=0.0034) and infection rate reduced from 60% to 0% (p=0.0039). CONCLUSION These results are extremely encouraging. However, it is important to take into account the relatively high cost of this matrix for its future indications. A larger study including an overall cost estimation and an assessment on different wound types would be interesting, to better target the indications of the acellular fish skin matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Badois
- 1 Unit, Department of Head and Neck surgical oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,2 University PSL, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bauër
- 2 University PSL, Paris, France.,3 Research and Wound Care Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Cheron
- 2 University PSL, Paris, France.,3 Research and Wound Care Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Hoffmann
- 1 Unit, Department of Head and Neck surgical oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,2 University PSL, Paris, France
| | - Marguerite Nicodeme
- 2 University PSL, Paris, France.,3 Research and Wound Care Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Choussy
- 1 Unit, Department of Head and Neck surgical oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,2 University PSL, Paris, France
| | - Maria Lesnik
- 1 Unit, Department of Head and Neck surgical oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,2 University PSL, Paris, France
| | - Florence Canoui Poitrine
- 4 Paris-Est University (UPEC), DHU A-TVB, IMRB, EA 7376 CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology And Ageing Unit), F-94000, Créteil, France.,5 APHP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Public Health Department, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Fromantin
- 3 Research and Wound Care Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,4 Paris-Est University (UPEC), DHU A-TVB, IMRB, EA 7376 CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology And Ageing Unit), F-94000, Créteil, France
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19
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Fotio Y, Palese F, Guaman Tipan P, Ahmed F, Piomelli D. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the CNS prevents and reverses morphine tolerance in male and female mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3024-3035. [PMID: 32077093 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine amidase that terminates the signalling of various lipid messengers involved in pain regulation, including anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological or genetic FAAH removal on tolerance to the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We induced tolerance in male and female mice by administering twice-daily morphine for 7 days while monitoring nociceptive thresholds by the tail immersion test. The globally active FAAH inhibitor URB597 (1 and 3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) or the peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitor URB937 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) were administered daily 30 min prior to morphine, alone or in combination with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.), the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.), or the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (4 mg·kg-1 , i.p.). Spinal levels of FAAH-regulated lipids were quantified by LC/MS-MS. Gene transcription was assessed by RT-qPCR. KEY RESULTS URB597 prevented and reversed morphine tolerance in both male and female mice. This effect was mimicked by genetic FAAH deletion, but not by URB937. Treatment with AM630 suppressed, whereas treatment with AM251 or GW6471, attenuated the effects of URB597. Anandamide mobilization was enhanced in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant mice. mRNA levels of the anandamide-producing enzyme N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine PLD (NAPE-PLD) and the palmitoylethanolamide receptor PPAR-α, but not those for CB2 , CB1 receptors or FAAH, were elevated in spinal cord CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: FAAH-regulated lipid signalling in the CNS modulated opiate tolerance, suggesting FAAH as a potential target for opiate-sparing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Francesca Palese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pablo Guaman Tipan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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20
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Vozella V, Ahmed F, Choobchian P, Merrill CB, Zibardi C, Tarzia G, Mor M, Duranti A, Tontini A, Rivara S, Piomelli D. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety studies on URB937, a peripherally restricted fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1762-1773. [PMID: 31579946 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES URB937, a peripheral fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, exerts profound analgesic effects in animal models. We examined, in rats, (1) the pharmacokinetic profile of oral URB937; (2) the compound's ability to elevate levels of the representative FAAH substrate, oleoylethanolamide (OEA); and (3) the compound's tolerability after oral administration. METHODS We developed a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) method to measure URB937 and used a pre-existing LC/MS-MS assay to quantify OEA. FAAH activity was measured using a radioactive substrate. The tolerability of single or repeated (once daily for 2 weeks) oral administration of supramaximal doses of URB937 (100, 300, 1000 mg/kg) was assessed by monitoring food intake, water intake and body weight, followed by post-mortem evaluation of organ structure. KEY FINDINGS URB937 was orally available in male rats (F = 36%), but remained undetectable in brain when administered at doses that maximally inhibit FAAH activity and elevate OEA in plasma and liver. Acute and subchronic treatment with high doses of URB937 was well-tolerated and resulted in FAAH inhibition in brain. CONCLUSIONS Pain remains a major unmet medical need. The favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of URB937, along with its tolerability, encourage further development studies on this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vozella
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paoula Choobchian
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Collin B Merrill
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Zibardi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Tontini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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21
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Thompson JM, Blanton HL, Pietrzak A, Little W, Sherfey C, Guindon J. Front and hind paw differential analgesic effects of amitriptyline, gabapentin, ibuprofen, and URB937 on mechanical and cold sensitivity in cisplatin-induced neuropathy. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919874192. [PMID: 31418316 PMCID: PMC6757502 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919874192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used platinum-derived antineoplastic agent that frequently results in peripheral neuropathy. Therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain are limited and characterized by variable efficacy and severe adverse effects. Clinical translation of novel analgesics has proven difficult with many agents demonstrating preclinical efficacy failing in clinical trials. Preclinical studies frequently assess pain behaviors in the hind paws; however, the front paws have a greater degree of the fine sensorimotor functions characteristically damaged by chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. This is the first study to assess pain responses in the front paws. Here, we test the hypothesis that mouse front paws exhibit pain-related alterations in mechanical and thermal (cold) sensitivity in a murine model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy and that pharmacological treatment with amitriptyline, gabapentin, ibuprofen, and URB937 normalize pain behaviors in the front and hind paws. Cold (acetone withdrawal latencies) and mechanical (von Frey withdrawal thresholds) sensitivity were significantly increased and decreased respectively in both the front and the hind paws following initiation of weekly systemic (intraperitoneal) cisplatin injections (5 mg/kg). For the hind paws, systemic administration of amitriptyline (30 mg/kg), gabapentin (100 mg/kg), ibuprofen (0–10 mg/kg), or URB937 (0–10 mg/kg) resulted in a decrease in acetone withdrawal latencies and increase in von Frey withdrawal thresholds with return to normal values at the highest doses tested. For the front paws, return to baseline values for the highest doses was found for cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia, where the highest doses failed to return to baseline values. These results indicate that mouse front paws exhibit pain-related changes in cisplatin-induced neuropathy and that drug effects can vary based on testing stimulus and location. This suggests that front paw responses across multiple modalities provide reliable and accurate information about pain-related drug effects. Future studies should be aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying these differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Henry L Blanton
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Agata Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - William Little
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Caitlyn Sherfey
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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22
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A bioinformatics investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of the effect of Fufang Danshen on pain based on methodologies of network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5913. [PMID: 30976033 PMCID: PMC6459854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fufang Danshen (FFDS), a Chinese medicine formula widely used in the clinic, has proven therapeutic effects on pain relief. However, the mechanisms of these effects have not been elucidated. Here, we performed a systematic analysis to discover the mechanisms of FFDS in attenuating pain to gain a better understanding of FFDS in the treatment of other diseases accompanied by pain. Relevance analysis showed that Salvia miltiorrhizae was the best studied herb in FFDS. Most compounds in FFDS have good bioavailability, and we collected 223 targets for 35 compounds in FFDS. These targets were significantly enriched in many pathways related to pain and can be classified as signal transduction, endocrine system, nervous system and lipid metabolism. We compared Salvia miltiorrhizae and Panax notoginseng and found that they can significantly affect different pathways. Moreover, ten pain disease proteins and 45 therapeutic targets can be directly targeted by FFDS. All 45 therapeutic targets have direct or indirect connections with pain disease proteins. Forty-six pain disease proteins can be indirectly affected by FFDS, especially through heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8) and transcription factor AP-1 (JUN). A total of 109 targets of FFDS were identified as significant targets.
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23
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Trexler KR, Eckard ML, Kinsey SG. CB 1 positive allosteric modulation attenuates Δ 9-THC withdrawal and NSAID-induced gastric inflammation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 177:27-33. [PMID: 30597181 PMCID: PMC6405226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multiple compounds have been synthesized that target the allosteric binding site(s) of CB1. These CB1 positive allosteric modulators may capture the benefits of cannabinoid receptor activation without unwanted psychoactive effects, such as sedation. For example, ZCZ011 blocks neuropathic pain, absent the catalepsy, sedation, and hypothermia caused by CB1 orthosteric modulators, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential of ZCZ011 to attenuate somatic signs of cannabinoid withdrawal in mice. Mice were repeatedly administered THC (10 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle, and withdrawal was either precipitated using the CB1 antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg, i.p.) or elicited spontaneously via THC abstinence. ZCZ011 (≥10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated somatic signs of withdrawal, including head twitches and paw tremors, but had no effect on locomotor activity or conditioned place preference. We next tested the antiulcerogenic properties of CB1 positive allosteric modulation. Mice were fasted for 22 h, administered ZCZ011, and gastric hemorrhages were induced with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg, p.o.). ZCZ011 alone had no effect on gastric ulceration, but ZCZ011 (≥10 mg/kg) blocked ulcer formation when combined with a subthreshold MAGL inhibitor (JZL184; 1 mg/kg, i.p.). Thus, CB1 positive allosteric modulation is a novel approach to treat cannabinoid dependence and gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Trexler
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M L Eckard
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - S G Kinsey
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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24
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Slivicki RA, Xu Z, Kulkarni PM, Pertwee RG, Mackie K, Thakur GA, Hohmann AG. Positive Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Suppresses Pathological Pain Without Producing Tolerance or Dependence. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:722-733. [PMID: 28823711 PMCID: PMC5758437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors suppresses pathological pain but also produces unwanted central side effects. We hypothesized that a positive allosteric modulator of CB1 signaling would suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain without producing cannabimimetic effects or physical dependence. We also asked whether a CB1 positive allosteric modulator would synergize with inhibitors of endocannabinoid deactivation and/or an orthosteric cannabinoid agonist. METHODS GAT211, a novel CB1 positive allosteric modulator, was evaluated for antinociceptive efficacy and tolerance in models of neuropathic and/or inflammatory pain. Cardinal signs of direct CB1-receptor activation were evaluated together with the propensity to induce reward or aversion and physical dependence. Comparisons were made with inhibitors of endocannabinoid deactivation (JZL184, URB597) or an orthosteric cannabinoid agonist (WIN55,212-2). All studies used 4 to 11 subjects per group. RESULTS GAT211 suppressed allodynia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant and the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel in wild-type but not CB1 knockout mice. GAT211 did not impede paclitaxel-induced tumor cell line toxicity. GAT211 did not produce cardinal signs of direct CB1-receptor activation in the presence or absence of pathological pain. GAT211 produced synergistic antiallodynic effects with fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in paclitaxel-treated mice. Therapeutic efficacy was preserved over 19 days of chronic dosing with GAT211, but it was not preserved with the monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant precipitated withdrawal in mice treated chronically with WIN55,212-2 but not in mice treated with GAT211. GAT211 did not induce conditioned place preference or aversion. CONCLUSIONS Positive allosteric modulation of CB1-receptor signaling shows promise as a safe and effective analgesic strategy that lacks tolerance, dependence, and abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Slivicki
- Program in Neuroscience, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhili Xu
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pushkar M. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ken Mackie
- Program in Neuroscience, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea G. Hohmann
- Program in Neuroscience, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Bloomington, Indiana
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25
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Ferraro NA, Cascio M. Cross-Linking-Mass Spectrometry Studies of Cholesterol Interactions with Human α1 Glycine Receptor. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2508-2516. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Ferraro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Michael Cascio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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26
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Sihag J, Jones PJH. Dietary fatty acid composition impacts plasma fatty acid ethanolamide levels and body composition in golden Syrian hamsters. Food Funct 2018; 9:3351-3362. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00621k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) are a class of lipid amides that regulate numerous pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sihag
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN)
| | - Peter J. H. Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN)
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27
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Circulating Endocannabinoids: From Whence Do They Come and Where are They Going? Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:155-172. [PMID: 28653665 PMCID: PMC5719092 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to summarize studies in which concentrations of circulating endocannabinoids in humans have been examined in relationship to physiological measurements and pathological status. The roles of endocannabinoids in the regulation of energy intake and storage have been well studied and the data obtained consistently support the hypothesis that endocannabinoid signaling is associated with increased consumption and storage of energy. Physical exercise mobilizes endocannabinoids, which could contribute to refilling of energy stores and also to the analgesic and mood-elevating effects of exercise. Circulating concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol are very significantly circadian and dysregulated when sleep is disrupted. Other conditions under which circulating endocannabinoids are altered include inflammation and pain. A second important role for endocannabinoid signaling is to restore homeostasis following stress. Circulating endocannabinoids are stress-responsive and there is evidence that their concentrations are altered in disorders associated with excessive stress, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Although determination of circulating endocannabinoids can provide important information about the state of endocannabinoid signaling and thus allow for hypotheses to be defined and tested, the large number of physiological factors that contribute to their circulating concentrations makes it difficult to use them in isolation as a biomarker for a specific disorder.
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28
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Yang W, Yaggie RE, Jiang MC, Rudick CN, Done J, Heckman CJ, Rosen JM, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ. Acyloxyacyl hydrolase modulates pelvic pain severity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R353-R365. [PMID: 29118019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00239.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain causes significant patient morbidity and is a challenge to clinicians. Using a murine neurogenic cystitis model that recapitulates key aspects of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC), we recently showed that pseudorabies virus (PRV) induces severe pelvic allodynia in BALB/c mice relative to C57BL/6 mice. Here, we report that a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of PRV-induced allodynia in F2CxB progeny identified a polymorphism on chromosome 13, rs6314295 , significantly associated with allodynia (logarithm of odds = 3.11). The nearby gene encoding acyloxyacyl hydrolase ( Aoah) was induced in the sacral spinal cord of PRV-infected mice. AOAH-deficient mice exhibited increased vesicomotor reflex in response to bladder distension, consistent with spontaneous bladder hypersensitivity, and increased pelvic allodynia in neurogenic cystitis and postbacterial chronic pain models. AOAH deficiency resulted in greater bladder pathology and tumor necrosis factor production in PRV neurogenic cystitis, markers of increased bladder mast cell activation. AOAH immunoreactivity was detectable along the bladder-brain axis, including in brain sites previously correlated with human chronic pelvic pain. Finally, AOAH-deficient mice had significantly higher levels of bladder vascular endothelial growth factor, an emerging marker of chronic pelvic pain in humans. These findings indicate that AOAH modulates pelvic pain severity, suggesting that allelic variation in Aoah influences pelvic pain in IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Yang
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan E Yaggie
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mingchen C Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charles N Rudick
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph Done
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charles J Heckman
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - John M Rosen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Anthony J Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - David J Klumpp
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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29
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Reynoso-Moreno I, Najar-Guerrero I, Escareño N, Flores-Soto ME, Gertsch J, Viveros-Paredes JM. An Endocannabinoid Uptake Inhibitor from Black Pepper Exerts Pronounced Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9435-9442. [PMID: 28942644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Guineensine is a dietary N-isobutylamide widely present in black and long pepper (Piper nigrum and Piper longum) previously shown to inhibit cellular endocannabinoid uptake. Given the role of endocannabinoids in inflammation and pain reduction, here we evaluated guineensine in mouse models of acute and inflammatory pain and endotoxemia. Significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects (95.6 ± 3.1% inhibition of inflammatory pain at 2.5 mg/kg ip and 50.0 ± 15.9% inhibition of edema formation at 5 mg/kg ip) and acute analgesia (66.1 ± 28.1% inhibition at 5.0 mg/kg ip) were observed. Moreover, guineensine inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production in endotoxemia. Intriguingly, guineensine and LPS independently induced catalepsy, but in combination this effect was abolished. Both hypothermia and analgesia were blocked by the CB1 receptor inverse agonist rimonabant, but the pronounced hypolocomotion was CB1 receptor-independent. A subsequent screen of 45 CNS-related receptors, ion channels, and transporters revealed apparent interactions of guineensine with the dopamine transporter DAT, 5HT2A, and sigma receptors, uncovering its prospective polypharmacology. The described potent pharmacological effects of guineensine might relate to the reported anti-inflammatory effects of pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Reynoso-Moreno
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara , 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Israel Najar-Guerrero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara , 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Noé Escareño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara , 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Eduardo Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara , 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Segura Social , 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Juan Manuel Viveros-Paredes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara , 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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30
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Piazza PV, Cota D, Marsicano G. The CB1 Receptor as the Cornerstone of Exostasis. Neuron 2017; 93:1252-1274. [PMID: 28334603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) is the main effector of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in most brain and body functions. In this Perspective, we provide evidence indicating that CB1 receptor functions are key determinants of bodily coordinated exostatic processes. First, we will introduce the concepts of endostasis and exostasis as compensation or accumulation for immediate or future energy needs and discuss how exostasis has been necessary for the survival of species during evolution. Then, we will argue how different specific biological functions of the CB1 receptor in the body converge to provide physiological exostatic processes. Finally, we will introduce the concept of proactive evolution-induced diseases (PEIDs), which helps explain the seeming paradox that an evolutionary-selected physiological function can become the cause of epidemic pathological conditions, such as obesity. We propose here a possible unifying theory of CB1 receptor functions that can be tested by future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.
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31
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Pajak A, Kostrzewa M, Malek N, Korostynski M, Starowicz K. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and components of the endocannabinoid system in the knee joint are associated with biphasic pain progression in a rat model of osteoarthritis. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1973-1989. [PMID: 28860852 PMCID: PMC5573042 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s132682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered important in articular cartilage breakdown during osteoarthritis (OA). Similarly, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is implicated in joint function and modulation of nociceptive processing. Functional interplay between ECS and MMPs has been recently indicated. Here, we tested if changes in the expression of selected MMPs and major ECS elements temporally correlate with the intensity of OA-related pain. Knee OA was induced in male Wistar rats by intra-articular sodium monoiodoacetate injection. OA-like pain behavior was tested using the dynamic weight bearing. Joint tissue samples at different time points after OA induction were subjected to gene (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and protein (Western blot) expression analyses. Monoiodoacetate-induced nocifensive responses in rats showed a biphasic progression pattern. The alterations in expression of selected MMPs elegantly corresponded to the two-stage development of OA pain. The most substantial changes in the expression of the ECS system were revealed at a later stage of OA progression. Alterations within ECS are involved in the process of adaptation to persistent painful stimuli. The accumulation of MMPs in osteoarthritic cartilage may have a role in the biphasic progression of OA-related pain. Temporal association of changes in ECS and MMPs expression shows a potential therapeutic approach that utilizes the concept of combining indirect ECS-mediated MMP inhibition and ECS modulation of pain transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pajak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Malek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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32
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Stensson N, Ghafouri B, Gerdle B, Ghafouri N. Alterations of anti-inflammatory lipids in plasma from women with chronic widespread pain - a case control study. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:112. [PMID: 28606089 PMCID: PMC5469054 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic widespread pain conditions (CWP) such as the pain associated with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are significant health problems with unclear aetiology. Although CWP and FMS can alter both central and peripheral pain mechanisms, there are no validated markers for such alterations. Pro- and anti-inflammatory components of the immune system such as cytokines and endogenous lipid mediators could serve as systemic markers of alterations in chronic pain. Lipid mediators associated with anti-inflammatory qualities – e.g., oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and stearoylethanolamide (SEA) – belong to N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). Previous studies have concluded that these lipid mediators may modulate pain and inflammation via the activation of peroxisome proliferator activating receptors (PPARs) and the activation of PPARs may regulate gene transcriptional factors that control the expression of distinct cytokines. Methods This study investigates NAEs and cytokines in 17 women with CWP and 21 healthy controls. Plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory lipids OEA, PEA, and SEA, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were investigated. T-test of independent samples was used for group comparisons. Bivariate correlation analyses, and multivariate regression analysis were performed between lipids, cytokines, and pain intensity of the participants. Results Significantly higher levels of OEA and PEA in plasma were found in CWP. No alterations in the levels of cytokines existed and no correlations between levels of lipids and cytokines were found. Conclusions We conclude that altered levels of OEA and PEA might indicate the presence of systemic inflammation in CWP. In addition, we believe our findings contribute to the understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved in chronic musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Stensson
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Lysophosphatidic acid signaling is the definitive mechanism underlying neuropathic pain. Pain 2017; 158 Suppl 1:S55-S65. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alsalem M, Altarifi A, Kalbouneh H, Zer HA, Azab B, Salem KE. Role of PPARα and PPARγ in Mediating the Analgesic Properties of Ibuprofen in vivo and the Effects of Dual PPARα/γ Activation in Inflammatory Pain Model in the Rat. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.812.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ligresti A, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V. From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1593-659. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from having been used and misused for at least four millennia for, among others, recreational and medicinal purposes, the cannabis plant and its most peculiar chemical components, the plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), have the merit to have led humanity to discover one of the most intriguing and pleiotropic endogenous signaling systems, the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This review article aims to describe and critically discuss, in the most comprehensive possible manner, the multifaceted aspects of 1) the pharmacology and potential impact on mammalian physiology of all major phytocannabinoids, and not only of the most famous one Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and 2) the adaptive pro-homeostatic physiological, or maladaptive pathological, roles of the ECS in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs. In doing so, we have respected the chronological order of the milestones of the millennial route from medicinal/recreational cannabis to the ECS and beyond, as it is now clear that some of the early steps in this long path, which were originally neglected, are becoming important again. The emerging picture is rather complex, but still supports the belief that more important discoveries on human physiology, and new therapies, might come in the future from new knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Hussain Z, Uyama T, Kawai K, Rahman IAS, Tsuboi K, Araki N, Ueda N. Comparative analyses of isoforms of the calcium-independent phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyltransferase PLAAT-1 in humans and mice. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2051-2060. [PMID: 27623847 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are a class of glycerophospholipids, which are known as precursors for different bioactive N-acylethanolamines. We previously reported that phospholipase A/acyltransferase-1 (PLAAT-1), which was originally found in mammals as a tumor suppressor, catalyzes N-acylation of phosphatidylethanolamines to form NAPEs. However, recent online database suggested the presence of an uncharacterized isoform of PLAAT-1 with an extra sequence at the N terminus. In the present study, we examined the occurrence, intracellular localization, and catalytic properties of this longer isoform, as well as the original shorter isoform from humans and mice. Our results showed that human tissues express the longer isoform but not the short isoform at all. In contrast, mice expressed both isoforms with different tissue distribution. Unlike the cytoplasmic localization of the shorter isoform, the long isoform was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus, inferring that the extra sequence harbors a nuclear localization signal. As assayed with purified proteins, neither isoform required calcium for full activity. Moreover, the overexpression of each isoform remarkably increased cellular NAPE levels. These results conclude that the new long isoform of PLAAT-1 is a calcium-independent N-acyltransferase existing in both cytoplasm and nucleus and suggest a possible formation of NAPEs in various membrane structures including nuclear membrane. J. Lipid Res 2016. 57: 2051-2060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Iffat Ara Sonia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Guedes A, Galuppo L, Hood D, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and pharmacologic inhibition in horses with chronic severe laminitis. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:345-351. [PMID: 27338788 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of soluble epoxide hydrolase and lipid mediators in inflammatory and neuropathic pain could be relevant in laminitis pain management. OBJECTIVES To determine soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity in the digital laminae, sEH inhibitor potency in vitro, and efficacy of a sEH inhibitor as an adjunct analgesic therapy in chronic laminitic horses. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experiments and clinical case series. METHODS sEH activity was measured in digital laminae from euthanised healthy and laminitic horses (n = 5-6/group). Potency of 7 synthetic sEH inhibitors was determined in vitro using equine liver cytosol. One of them (t-TUCB; 0.1 mg/kg bwt i.v. every 24 h) was selected based on potency and stability, and used as adjunct therapy in 10 horses with severe chronic laminitis (Obel grades 2, one horse; 3-4, nine horses). Daily assessments of forelimb lifts, pain scores, physiologic and laboratory examinations were performed before (baseline) and during t-TUCB treatment. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS sEH activity in the digital laminae from laminitic horses (0.9±0.6 nmol/min/mg; 95% CI 0.16-1.55 nmol/min/mg) was significantly greater (P = 0.01) than in healthy horses (0.17±0.09 nmol/min/mg; CI 0.07-0.26 nmol/min/mg). t-TUCB as an adjunct analgesic up to 10 days (4.3±3 days) in laminitic horses was associated with significant reduction in forelimb lifts (36±22%; 95% CI 9-64%) and in pain scores (18±23%; 95% CI 2-35%) compared with baseline (P = 0.04). One horse developed gas colic and another corneal vascularisation in a blind eye during treatment. No other significant changes were observed. MAIN LIMITATIONS Absence of control group and evaluator blinding in case series. CONCLUSIONS sEH activity is significantly higher in the digital laminae of actively laminitic compared with healthy horses, and use of a potent inhibitor of equine sEH as adjunct analgesic therapy appears to decrease signs of pathologic pain in laminitic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, USA.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - L Galuppo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - D Hood
- The Hoof Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Clinic, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - S H Hwang
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - C Morisseau
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
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Stensson N, Ghafouri B, Ghafouri N, Gerdle B. High levels of endogenous lipid mediators (N-acylethanolamines) in women with chronic widespread pain during acute tissue trauma. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916662886. [PMID: 27531672 PMCID: PMC5010217 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916662886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain is a significant health problem, the molecular mechanisms involved in developing and maintaining chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain are poorly understood. Central sensitization mechanisms maintained by stimuli from peripheral tissues such as muscle have been suggested. Lipid mediators with anti-inflammatory characteristics such as endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-α, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide are suggested to regulate nociceptive transmission from peripheral locations on route towards the central nervous system. This case–control study investigates the levels of anti-inflammatory lipids in microdialysis samples collected during the first 2 h after microdialysis probe insertion and explores the association of these lipids with different pain characteristics in women with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (n = 17) and female healthy controls (n = 19). The levels of oleoylethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and stearoylethanolamide were determined. During sampling of dialysate, pain ratings were conducted using a numeric rating scale. Pain thresholds were registered from upper and lower parts of the body. Oleoylethanolamide and stearoylethanolamide levels were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain at all time points. Numeric rating scale correlated with levels of stearoylethanolamide in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. Higher levels of lipid mediators could reflect an altered tissue reactivity in response to microdialysis probe insertion in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Stensson
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Carey LM, Slivicki RA, Leishman E, Cornett B, Mackie K, Bradshaw H, Hohmann AG. A pro-nociceptive phenotype unmasked in mice lacking fatty-acid amide hydrolase. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916649192. [PMID: 27178246 PMCID: PMC4956176 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916649192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the major enzyme responsible for degradation of anandamide, an endocannabinoid. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of FAAH (FAAH KO) produces antinociception in preclinical pain models that is largely attributed to anandamide-induced activation of cannabinoid receptors. However, FAAH metabolizes a wide range of structurally related, biologically active lipid signaling molecules whose functions remain largely unknown. Some of these endogenous lipids, including anandamide itself, may exert pro-nociceptive effects under certain conditions. In our study, FAAH KO mice exhibited a characteristic analgesic phenotype in the tail flick test and in both formalin and carrageenan models of inflammatory nociception. Nonetheless, intradermal injection of the transient receptor potential channel V1 (TRPV1) agonist capsaicin increased nocifensive behavior as well as mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in FAAH KO relative to wild-type mice. This pro-nociceptive phenotype was accompanied by increases in capsaicin-evoked Fos-like immunoreactive (FLI) cells in spinal dorsal horn regions implicated in nociceptive processing and was attenuated by CB1 (AM251) and TRPV1 (AMG9810) antagonists. When central sensitization was established, FAAH KO mice displayed elevated levels of anandamide, other fatty-acid amides, and endogenous TRPV1 agonists in both paw skin and lumbar spinal cord relative to wild-type mice. Capsaicin decreased spinal cord 2-AG levels and increased arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 levels in both spinal cord and paw skin irrespective of genotype. Our studies identify a previously unrecognized pro-nociceptive phenotype in FAAH KO mice that was unmasked by capsaicin challenge. The heightened nociceptive response was mediated by CB1 and TRPV1 receptors and accompanied by enhanced spinal neuronal activation. Moreover, genetic deletion of FAAH has a profound impact on the peripheral and central lipidome. Thus, genetic deletion of FAAH may predispose animals to increased sensitivity to certain types of pain. More work is necessary to determine whether such changes could explain the lack of efficacy of FAAH inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Carey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard A Slivicki
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ben Cornett
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Heather Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Sanchez AM, Cioffi R, Viganò P, Candiani M, Verde R, Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V, Garavaglia E, Panina-Bordignon P. Elevated Systemic Levels of Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1071-9. [PMID: 26887427 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116630414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids and modulators of the endocannabinoid system affect specific mechanisms that are critical to the establishment and development of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to measure the systemic levels of endocannabinoids and related mediators in women with and without endometriosis and to investigate whether such levels correlated with endometriosis-associated pain. Plasma and endometrial biopsies were obtained from women with a laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis (n = 27) and no endometrial pathology (n = 29). Plasma levels of endocannabinoids (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG]) and related mediators (N-oleoylethanolamine [OEA] and N-palmitoylethanolamine [PEA]), messenger RNA expression of some of their receptors (cannabinoid receptor type 1 [CB1], CB2, transient receptor potential vanilloid type [TRPV1]), and the enzymes involved in the synthesis (N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D [NAPE-PLD]) and degradation (fatty acid amide hydrolase 1 [FAAH]) of AEA, OEA, and PEA were evaluated in endometrial stromal cells. The systemic levels of AEA, 2-AG, and OEA were elevated in endometriosis in the secretory phase compared to controls. The expression of CB1 was higher in secretory phase endometrial stromal cells of controls versus endometriosis. Similar expression levels of CB2, TRPV1, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH were detected in controls and endometriosis. Patients with moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia showed higher AEA and PEA levels than those with low-to-moderate pain symptoms, respectively. The association of increased circulating AEA and 2-AG with decreased local CB1 expression in endometriosis suggests a negative feedback loop regulation, which may impair the capability of these mediators to control pain. These preliminary data suggest that the pharmacological manipulation of the action or levels of these mediators may offer an alternative option for the management of endometriosis-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Sanchez
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cioffi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Chronic pain is a major clinical problem that is poorly treated with available therapeutics. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently emerged as a novel target for the treatment of pain with the exciting potential for disease modification. AMPK activators inhibit signaling pathways that are known to promote changes in the function and phenotype of peripheral nociceptive neurons and promote chronic pain. AMPK activators also reduce the excitability of these cells suggesting that AMPK activators may be efficacious for the treatment of chronic pain disorders, like neuropathic pain, where changes in the excitability of nociceptors is thought to be an underlying cause. In agreement with this, AMPK activators have now been shown to alleviate pain in a broad variety of preclinical pain models indicating that this mechanism might be engaged for the treatment of many types of pain in the clinic. A key feature of the effect of AMPK activators in these models is that they can lead to a long-lasting reversal of pain hypersensitivity even long after treatment cessation, indicative of disease modification. Here, we review the evidence supporting AMPK as a novel pain target pointing out opportunities for further discovery that are likely to have an impact on drug discovery efforts centered around potent and specific allosteric activators of AMPK for chronic pain treatment.
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42
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Zhang LP, Kline RH, Deevska G, Ma F, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Westlund KN. Alcohol and high fat induced chronic pancreatitis: TRPV4 antagonist reduces hypersensitivity. Neuroscience 2015; 311:166-79. [PMID: 26480812 PMCID: PMC4670827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis is poorly understood, and its treatment can be a major clinical challenge. Surgical and other invasive methods have variable outcomes that can be unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is a great need for further discovery of the pathogenesis of pancreatitis pain and new therapeutic targets. Human and animal studies indicate a critical role for oxidative stress and activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily members TRPV1 and TRPA1 on pancreatic nociceptors in sensitization mechanisms that result in pain. However, the in vivo role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) in chronic pancreatitis needs further evaluation. The present study characterized a rat alcohol/high fat diet (AHF)-induced chronic pancreatitis model with hypersensitivity, fibrotic pathology, and fat vacuolization consistent with the clinical syndrome. The rats with AHF-induced pancreatitis develop referred visceral pain-like behaviors, i.e. decreased hindpaw mechanical thresholds and shortened abdominal and hindpaw withdrawal latency to heat. In this study, oxidative stress was characterized as well as the role of TRPV4 in chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Lipid peroxidase and oxidative stress were indicated by increased plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and diminished pancreatic manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). The secondary sensitization associated with AHF-induced pancreatitis was effectively alleviated by the TRPV4 antagonist, HC 067047. Similarity of the results to those with the peripherally restricted μ-opiate receptor agonist, loperamide, suggested TRPV4 channel activated peripheral sensitization. This study using a reliable model that provides pre-clinical correlates of human chronic pancreatitis provides further evidence that TRPV4 channel is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of pancreatitis pain.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Ethanol
- Hot Temperature
- Loperamide/pharmacology
- Male
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/etiology
- Pain/physiopathology
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/physiology
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/drug therapy
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/physiopathology
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Random Allocation
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- TRPV Cation Channels/antagonists & inhibitors
- TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
- Touch
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40526-0298, United States
| | - R H Kline
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40526-0298, United States
| | - G Deevska
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40526-0298, United States
| | - F Ma
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40526-0298, United States
| | - M Nikolova-Karakashian
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40526-0298, United States
| | - K N Westlund
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40526-0298, United States.
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Bosier B, Doyen PJ, Brolet A, Muccioli GG, Ahmed E, Desmet N, Hermans E, Deumens R. Inhibition of the regulator of G protein signalling RGS4 in the spinal cord decreases neuropathic hyperalgesia and restores cannabinoid CB1 receptor signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5333-46. [PMID: 26478461 PMCID: PMC5341217 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) are major determinants of metabotropic receptor activity, reducing the lifespan of the GTP-bound state of G proteins. Because the reduced potency of analgesic agents in neuropathic pain may reflect alterations in RGS, we assessed the effects of CCG 63802, a specific RGS4 inhibitor, on pain hypersensitivity and signalling through cannabinoid receptors, in a model of neuropathic pain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) model in male Sprague Dawley rats was used to measure paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical (von Frey hairs) or thermal (Hargreaves method) stimuli, during and after intrathecal injection of CCG 63802. HEK293 cells expressing CB1 receptors and conditional expression of RGS4 were used to correlate cAMP production and ERK phosphorylation with receptor activation and RGS4 action. KEY RESULTS Treatment of PSNL rats with CCG 63802, twice daily for 7 days after nerve injury, attenuated thermal hyperalgesia during treatment. Spinal levels of anandamide were higher in PSNL animals, irrespective of the treatment. Although expression of CB1 receptors was unaffected, HU210-induced CB1 receptor signalling was inhibited in PSNL rats and restored after intrathecal CCG 63802. In transfected HEK cells expressing CB1 receptors and RGS4, inhibition of cAMP production, a downstream effect of CB1 receptor signalling, was blunted after RGS4 overexpression. RGS4 expression also attenuated the CB1 receptor-controlled activation of ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of spinal RGS4 restored endogenous analgesic signalling pathways and mitigated neuropathic pain. Signalling through CB1 receptors may be involved in this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bosier
- Neuropharmacology Group, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pierre J. Doyen
- Neuropharmacology Group, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Amandine Brolet
- Neuropharmacology Group, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Neuropharmacology Group, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Nathalie Desmet
- Neuropharmacology Group, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Emmanuel Hermans
- Neuropharmacology Group, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Neuropharmacology Group, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
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Veeraraghavan P, Nistri A. Modulatory effects by CB1 receptors on rat spinal locomotor networks after sustained application of agonists or antagonists. Neuroscience 2015; 303:16-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen LH, Sun YT, Chen YF, Lee MY, Chang LY, Chang JY, Shen MR. Integrating Image-Based High-Content Screening with Mouse Models Identifies 5-Hydroxydecanoate as a Neuroprotective Drug for Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2206-14. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the peripheral nervous system is a significant driver of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:9082-7. [PMID: 26150506 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510137112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive effort and resulting gains in understanding the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain, limited success in therapeutic approaches have been attained. A recently identified, nonchannel, nonneurotransmitter therapeutic target for pain is the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The sEH degrades natural analgesic lipid mediators, epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), therefore its inhibition stabilizes these bioactive mediators. Here we demonstrate the effects of EpFAs on diabetes induced neuropathic pain and define a previously unknown mechanism of pain, regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The activation of ER stress is first quantified in the peripheral nervous system of type I diabetic rats. We demonstrate that both pain and markers of ER stress are reversed by a chemical chaperone. Next, we identify the EpFAs as upstream modulators of ER stress pathways. Chemical inducers of ER stress invariably lead to pain behavior that is reversed by a chemical chaperone and an inhibitor of sEH. The rapid occurrence of pain behavior with inducers, equally rapid reversal by blockers and natural incidence of ER stress in diabetic peripheral nervous system (PNS) argue for a major role of the ER stress pathways in regulating the excitability of the nociceptive system. Understanding the role of ER stress in generation and maintenance of pain opens routes to exploit this system for therapeutic purposes.
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Downregulation of Spinal G Protein-Coupled Kinase 2 Abolished the Antiallodynic Effect of Electroacupuncture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:848603. [PMID: 26064176 PMCID: PMC4429192 DOI: 10.1155/2015/848603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) has been demonstrated to have a powerful antihypernociceptive effect on inflammatory pain. The attenuation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in spinal cord and peripheral nociceptor has been widely acknowledged to promote the transition from acute to chronic pain and to facilitate the nociceptive progress. This study was designed to investigate the possible role of spinal GRK2 in EA antiallodynic in a rat model with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced inflammatory pain. EA was applied to ST36 (“Zusanli”) and BL60 (“Kunlun”) one day after CFA injection. Single EA treatment at day 1 after CFA injection remarkably alleviated CFA induced mechanical allodynia two hours after EA. Repeated EA displayed significant antiallodynic effect from 2nd EA treatment and a persistent effect was observed during the rest of treatments. However, downregulation of spinal GRK2 by intrathecal exposure of GRK2 antisense 30 mins after EA treatment completely eliminated both the transient and persistent antiallodynic effect by EA treatment. These pieces of data demonstrated that the spinal GRK2 played an important role in EA antiallodynia on inflammatory pain.
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Hough LB, Nalwalk JW, Yang W, Ding X. Neuronal cytochrome P450 activity and opioid analgesia: relevant sites and mechanisms. Brain Res 2015; 1616:10-8. [PMID: 25935691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a functional role for neuronal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activity in opioid analgesia. To characterize the relevant receptors, brain areas, and circuits, detailed in vitro and in vivo studies were performed with the highly selective μ opioid receptor agonist DAMGO in neuronal P450-deficient mutant (Null) and control mice. Homogenates of brain regions and spinal cord showed no differences in DAMGO-induced activation of [(35)S]- GTPγS binding between Null and control mice, indicating no genotype differences in µ opioid receptor signaling, receptor affinities or receptor densities. Intracerebroventricular (icv) DAMGO produced robust, near-maximal, analgesic responses in control mice which were attenuated by 50% in Null mice, confirming a role for µ opioid receptors in activating P450-associated responses. Intra-periaqueductal gray (PAG) and intra-rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) injections of DAMGO revealed deficits in Null (vs. control) analgesic responses, yet no such genotype differences were observed after intrathecal DAMGO administration. Taken with earlier published findings, the present results suggest that activation of µ opioid receptors in both the PAG and in the RVM relieves pain by mechanisms which include nerve-terminal P450 enzymes within inhibitory PAG-RVM projections. Spinal opioid analgesia, however, does not seem to require such P450 enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Hough
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Julia W Nalwalk
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Weizhu Yang
- College of Nanoscale Science, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- College of Nanoscale Science, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, USA
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