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Lee S, Kim J, Ryu HH, Jang H, Lee D, Lee S, Song JM, Lee YS, Ho Suh Y. SHP2 regulates GluA2 tyrosine phosphorylation required for AMPA receptor endocytosis and mGluR-LTD. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316819121. [PMID: 38657042 PMCID: PMC11066993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316819121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications regulate the properties and abundance of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors that mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. During long-term depression (LTD), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) dephosphorylate tyrosine residues in the C-terminal tail of AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit, which is essential for GluA2 endocytosis and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent LTD. However, as a selective downstream effector of mGluRs, the mGluR-dependent PTP responsible for GluA2 tyrosine dephosphorylation remains elusive at Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses. In the present study, we find that mGluR5 stimulation activates Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) by increasing phospho-Y542 levels in SHP2. Under steady-state conditions, SHP2 plays a protective role in stabilizing phospho-Y869 of GluA2 by directly interacting with GluA2 phosphorylated at Y869, without affecting GluA2 phospho-Y876 levels. Upon mGluR5 stimulation, SHP2 dephosphorylates GluA2 at Y869 and Y876, resulting in GluA2 endocytosis and mGluR-LTD. Our results establish SHP2 as a downstream effector of mGluR5 and indicate a dual action of SHP2 in regulating GluA2 tyrosine phosphorylation and function. Given the implications of mGluR5 and SHP2 in synaptic pathophysiology, we propose SHP2 as a promising therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental and autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Hanbyul Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - DoEun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Seungha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Jae-man Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
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2
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mGluR5 PAMs rescue cortical and behavioural defects in a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 48:877-886. [PMID: 35945276 PMCID: PMC10156697 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a devastating rare neurodevelopmental disease without a cure, caused by mutations of the serine/threonine kinase CDKL5 highly expressed in the forebrain. CDD is characterized by early-onset seizures, severe intellectual disabilities, autistic-like traits, sensorimotor and cortical visual impairments (CVI). The lack of an effective therapeutic strategy for CDD urgently demands the identification of novel druggable targets potentially relevant for CDD pathophysiology. To this aim, we studied Class I metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5) because of their important role in the neuropathological signs produced by the lack of CDKL5 in-vivo, such as defective synaptogenesis, dendritic spines formation/maturation, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Importantly, mGluR5 function strictly depends on the correct expression of the postsynaptic protein Homer1bc that we previously found atypical in the cerebral cortex of Cdkl5-/y mice. In this study, we reveal that CDKL5 loss tampers with (i) the binding strength of Homer1bc-mGluR5 complexes, (ii) the synaptic localization of mGluR5 and (iii) the mGluR5-mediated enhancement of NMDA-induced neuronal responses. Importantly, we showed that the stimulation of mGluR5 activity by administering in mice specific positive-allosteric-modulators (PAMs), i.e., 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) or RO6807794, corrected the synaptic, functional and behavioral defects shown by Cdkl5-/y mice. Notably, in the visual cortex of 2 CDD patients we found changes in synaptic organization that recapitulate those of mutant CDKL5 mice, including the reduced expression of mGluR5, suggesting that these receptors represent a promising therapeutic target for CDD.
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3
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Sanderson TM, Ralph LT, Amici M, Ng AN, Kaang BK, Zhuo M, Kim SJ, Georgiou J, Collingridge GL. Selective Recruitment of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Forms of mGluR-LTD. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:857675. [PMID: 35615440 PMCID: PMC9126322 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.857675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In area CA1 of the hippocampus, long-term depression (LTD) can be induced by activating group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), with the selective agonist DHPG. There is evidence that mGluR-LTD can be expressed by either a decrease in the probability of neurotransmitter release [P(r)] or by a change in postsynaptic AMPA receptor number. However, what determines the locus of expression is unknown. We investigated the expression mechanisms of mGluR-LTD using either a low (30 μM) or a high (100 μM) concentration of (RS)-DHPG. We found that 30 μM DHPG generated presynaptic LTD that required the co-activation of NMDA receptors, whereas 100 μM DHPG resulted in postsynaptic LTD that was independent of the activation of NMDA receptors. We found that both forms of LTD occur at the same synapses and that these may constitute the population with the lowest basal P(r). Our results reveal an unexpected complexity to mGluR-mediated synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Sanderson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Liam T. Ralph
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mascia Amici
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Na Ng
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham L. Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Graham L. Collingridge,
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4
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Szedlacsek HS, Bajusz D, Badea RA, Pop A, Bică CC, Ravasz L, Mittli D, Mátyás D, Necula-Petrăreanu G, Munteanu CVA, Papp I, Juhász G, Hritcu L, Keserű GM, Szedlacsek SE. Designed Peptide Inhibitors of STEP Phosphatase-GluA2 AMPA Receptor Interaction Enhance the Cognitive Performance in Rats. J Med Chem 2021; 65:217-233. [PMID: 34962802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and learning ability of the brain are directly linked to synaptic plasticity as measured in changes of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in animal models of brain diseases. LTD reflects a sustained reduction of the synaptic AMPA receptor content based on targeted clathrin-mediated endocytosis. AMPA receptor endocytosis is initiated by dephosphorylation of Tyr876 on the C-terminus of the AMPAR subunit GluA2. The brain-specific striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is responsible for this process. To identify new, highly effective inhibitors of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) internalization, we performed structure-based design of peptides able to inhibit STEP-GluA2-CT complex formation. Two short peptide derivatives were found as efficient in vitro inhibitors. Our in vivo experiments evidenced that both peptides restore the memory deficits and display anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in a scopolamine-treated rat model. The interference peptides identified and characterized here represent promising lead compounds for novel cognitive enhancers and/or behavioral modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horea Stefan Szedlacsek
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rodica Aura Badea
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Pop
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Cătălin Bică
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lilla Ravasz
- CRU Hungary Kft, Thököly utca 15, 2131 Göd, Hungary
| | | | | | - Georgiana Necula-Petrăreanu
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian V A Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ildikó Papp
- CRU Hungary Kft, Thököly utca 15, 2131 Göd, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- CRU Hungary Kft, Thököly utca 15, 2131 Göd, Hungary
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - György Miklós Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Eugen Szedlacsek
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Collingridge GL, Abraham WC. Glutamate receptors and synaptic plasticity: The impact of Evans and Watkins. Neuropharmacology 2021; 206:108922. [PMID: 34919905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
On the occasion of the 40 year anniversary of the hugely impactful review by Richard (Dick) Evans and Jeff Watkins, we describe how their work has impacted the field of synaptic plasticity. We describe their influence in each of the major glutamate receptor subtypes: AMPARs, NMDARs, KARs and mGluRs. Particular emphasis is placed on how their work impacted our own studies in the hippocampus. For example, we describe how the tools and regulators that they identified for studying NMDARs (e.g., NMDA, D-AP5 and Mg2+) led to the understanding of the molecular basis of the induction of LTP. We also describe how other tools that they introduced (e.g., (1S,3R)-ACPD and MCPG) helped lead to the concept of metaplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Collingridge
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, New Zealand; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - W C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, New Zealand
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6
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Ghasemi Z, Naderi N, Shojaei A, Raoufy MR, Ahmadirad N, Barkley V, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors contribute to the antiepileptic effect of electrical stimulation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Epilepsy Res 2021; 178:106821. [PMID: 34839145 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency deep brain stimulation (LFS) inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability during epilepsy. Accordingly, the use of LFS as a treatment method for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy has been proposed. However, the LFS antiepileptic mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors group I (mGluR I) in LFS inhibitory action on epileptiform activity (EA) was investigated. EA was induced by increasing the K+ concentration in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) up to 12 mM in hippocampal slices of male Wistar rats. LFS (1 Hz, 900 pulses) was delivered to the bundles of Schaffer collaterals at the beginning of EA. The excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons was assayed by intracellular whole-cell recording. Applying LFS reduced the firing frequency during EA and substantially moved the membrane potential toward repolarization after a high-K+ ACSF washout. In addition, LFS attenuated the EA-generated neuronal hyperexcitability. A blockade of both mGluR 1 and mGluR 5 prevented the inhibitory action of LFS on EA-generated neuronal hyperexcitability. Activation of mGluR I mimicked the LFS effects and had similar inhibitory action on excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons following EA. However, mGluR I agonist's antiepileptic action was not as strong as LFS. The observed LFS effects were significantly attenuated in the presence of a PKC inhibitor. Altogether, the LFS' inhibitory action on neuronal hyperexcitability following EA relies, in part, on the activity of mGluR I and a PKC-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nima Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ahmadirad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Victoria Barkley
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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de Pins B, Mendes T, Giralt A, Girault JA. The Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 in Brain Function and Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:749001. [PMID: 34690733 PMCID: PMC8527176 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.749001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyk2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase highly enriched in forebrain neurons. Pyk2 is closely related to focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which plays an important role in sensing cell contacts with extracellular matrix and other extracellular signals controlling adhesion and survival. Pyk2 shares some of FAK’s characteristics including recruitment of Src-family kinases after autophosphorylation, scaffolding by interacting with multiple partners, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Pyk2, however, has the unique property to respond to increases in intracellular free Ca2+, which triggers its autophosphorylation following stimulation of various receptors including glutamate NMDA receptors. Pyk2 is dephosphorylated by the striatal-enriched phosphatase (STEP) that is highly expressed in the same neuronal populations. Pyk2 localization in neurons is dynamic, and altered following stimulation, with post-synaptic and nuclear enrichment. As a signaling protein Pyk2 is involved in multiple pathways resulting in sometimes opposing functions depending on experimental models. Thus Pyk2 has a dual role on neurites and dendritic spines. With Src family kinases Pyk2 participates in postsynaptic regulations including of NMDA receptors and is necessary for specific types of synaptic plasticity and spatial memory tasks. The diverse functions of Pyk2 are also illustrated by its role in pathology. Pyk2 is activated following epileptic seizures or ischemia-reperfusion and may contribute to the consequences of these insults whereas Pyk2 deficit may contribute to the hippocampal phenotype of Huntington’s disease. Pyk2 gene, PTK2B, is associated with the risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Studies of underlying mechanisms indicate a complex contribution with involvement in amyloid toxicity and tauopathy, combined with possible functional deficits in neurons and contribution in microglia. A role of Pyk2 has also been proposed in stress-induced depression and cocaine addiction. Pyk2 is also important for the mobility of astrocytes and glioblastoma cells. The implication of Pyk2 in various pathological conditions supports its potential interest for therapeutic interventions. This is possible through molecules inhibiting its activity or increasing it through inhibition of STEP or other means, depending on a precise evaluation of the balance between positive and negative consequences of Pyk2 actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit de Pins
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Liu X, Ying J, Wang X, Zheng Q, Zhao T, Yoon S, Yu W, Yang D, Fang Y, Hua F. Astrocytes in Neural Circuits: Key Factors in Synaptic Regulation and Potential Targets for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:729273. [PMID: 34658786 PMCID: PMC8515196 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.729273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the major glial cells in the brain, which play a supporting role in the energy and nutritional supply of neurons. They were initially regarded as passive space-filling cells, but the latest progress in the study of the development and function of astrocytes highlights their active roles in regulating synaptic transmission, formation, and plasticity. In the concept of "tripartite synapse," the bidirectional influence between astrocytes and neurons, in addition to their steady-state and supporting function, suggests that any negative changes in the structure or function of astrocytes will affect the activity of neurons, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. The role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of various neurological and psychiatric disorders caused by synaptic defects is increasingly appreciated. Understanding the roles of astrocytes in regulating synaptic development and the plasticity of neural circuits could help provide new treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingcui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Helping Minds International Charitable Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Danying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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9
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Di Cicco G, Marzano E, Iacovelli L, Celli R, van Luijtelaar G, Nicoletti F, Ngomba RT, Wall MJ. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated long term depression is disrupted in the hippocampus of WAG/Rij rats modelling absence epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108686. [PMID: 34197893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Absence epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report that some forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity are abnormal in symptomatic Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. Metabotropic Glu 1/5 receptor-mediated long term depression (LTD) at Schaffer collateral CA1 synapses is significantly reduced in symptomatic, 5-6 months old WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched non epileptic control rats. There were no significant changes in mGlu1/5-dependent LTD in pre-symptomatic, 4-6 weeks old WAG/Rij rats compared to age matched controls. The changes in LTD found in symptomatic WAG/Rij forms are not indicative of general deficits in all forms of synaptic plasticity as long term potentiation (LTP) was unchanged. Immunoblot analysis of hippocampal tissue showed a significant reduction in mGlu5 receptor expression, a trend to an increase in pan Homer protein levels and a decrease in GluA1 receptor expression in the hippocampus of symptomatic WAG/Rij rats vs non-epileptic control rats. There were no changes in mGlu1α receptor or GluA2 protein levels. These findings suggest that abnormalities in hippocampal mGlu5 receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity are associated with the pathological phenotype of WAG/Rij rats. This lays the groundwork for the study of mGlu5 receptors as a candidate drug target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction linked to absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Cicco
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marzano
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Iacovelli
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Richard T Ngomba
- University of Lincoln, School of Pharmacy Lincoln, United Kingdom; and, Coventry, UK.
| | - Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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10
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Bin Ibrahim MZ, Benoy A, Sajikumar S. Long-term plasticity in the hippocampus: maintaining within and 'tagging' between synapses. FEBS J 2021; 289:2176-2201. [PMID: 34109726 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synapses between neurons are malleable biochemical structures, strengthening and diminishing over time dependent on the type of information they receive. This phenomenon known as synaptic plasticity underlies learning and memory, and its different forms, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), perform varied cognitive roles in reinforcement, relearning and associating memories. Moreover, both LTP and LTD can exist in an early transient form (early-LTP/LTD) or a late persistent form (late-LTP/LTD), which are triggered by different induction protocols, and also differ in their dependence on protein synthesis and the involvement of key molecular players. Beyond homosynaptic modifications, synapses can also interact with one another. This is encapsulated in the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis (STC), where synapses expressing early-LTP/LTD present a 'tag' that can capture the protein synthesis products generated during a temporally proximal late-LTP/LTD induction. This 'tagging' phenomenon forms the framework of synaptic interactions in various conditions and accounts for the cellular basis of the time-dependent associativity of short-lasting and long-lasting memories. All these synaptic modifications take place under controlled neuronal conditions, regulated by subcellular elements such as epigenetic regulation, proteasomal degradation and neuromodulatory signals. Here, we review current understanding of the different forms of synaptic plasticity and its regulatory mechanisms in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory formation. We also discuss expression of plasticity in hippocampal CA2 area, a long-overlooked narrow hippocampal subfield and the behavioural correlate of STC. Lastly, we put forth perspectives for an integrated view of memory representation in synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amrita Benoy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Lambert LJ, Grotegut S, Celeridad M, Gosalia P, Backer LJSD, Bobkov AA, Salaniwal S, Chung TDY, Zeng FY, Pass I, Lombroso PJ, Cosford NDP, Tautz L. Development of a Robust High-Throughput Screening Platform for Inhibitors of the Striatal-Enriched Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094417. [PMID: 33922601 PMCID: PMC8122956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases are the result of abnormal expression or activation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Not surprisingly, more than 30 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently in clinical use and provide unique treatment options for many patients. PTPs on the other hand have long been regarded as “undruggable” and only recently have gained increased attention in drug discovery. Striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is a neuron-specific PTP that is overactive in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome. An emergent model suggests that the increase in STEP activity interferes with synaptic function and contributes to the characteristic cognitive and behavioral deficits present in these diseases. Prior efforts to generate STEP inhibitors with properties that warrant clinical development have largely failed. To identify novel STEP inhibitor scaffolds, we developed a biophysical, label-free high-throughput screening (HTS) platform based on the protein thermal shift (PTS) technology. In contrast to conventional HTS using STEP enzymatic assays, we found the PTS platform highly robust and capable of identifying true hits with confirmed STEP inhibitory activity and selectivity. This new platform promises to greatly advance STEP drug discovery and should be applicable to other PTP targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester J Lambert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.J.L.); (M.C.); (L.J.D.B.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Stefan Grotegut
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.G.); (P.G.); (A.A.B.); (S.S.); (T.D.C.); (F.-Y.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.J.L.); (M.C.); (L.J.D.B.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Palak Gosalia
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.G.); (P.G.); (A.A.B.); (S.S.); (T.D.C.); (F.-Y.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Laurent JS De Backer
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.J.L.); (M.C.); (L.J.D.B.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Andrey A Bobkov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.G.); (P.G.); (A.A.B.); (S.S.); (T.D.C.); (F.-Y.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Sumeet Salaniwal
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.G.); (P.G.); (A.A.B.); (S.S.); (T.D.C.); (F.-Y.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Thomas DY Chung
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.G.); (P.G.); (A.A.B.); (S.S.); (T.D.C.); (F.-Y.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Fu-Yue Zeng
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.G.); (P.G.); (A.A.B.); (S.S.); (T.D.C.); (F.-Y.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Ian Pass
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.G.); (P.G.); (A.A.B.); (S.S.); (T.D.C.); (F.-Y.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Paul J Lombroso
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry and Departments of Neurobiology, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Nicholas DP Cosford
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.J.L.); (M.C.); (L.J.D.B.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Lutz Tautz
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.J.L.); (M.C.); (L.J.D.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gregory KJ, Goudet C. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXI. Pharmacology, Signaling, and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:521-569. [PMID: 33361406 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors respond to glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, mediating a modulatory role that is critical for higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory. Since the first mGlu receptor was cloned in 1992, eight subtypes have been identified along with many isoforms and splice variants. The mGlu receptors are transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the class C G protein-coupled receptor family and represent attractive targets for a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Concerted drug discovery efforts over the past three decades have yielded a wealth of pharmacological tools including subtype-selective agents that competitively block or mimic the actions of glutamate or act allosterically via distinct sites to enhance or inhibit receptor activity. Herein, we review the physiologic and pathophysiological roles for individual mGlu receptor subtypes including the pleiotropic nature of intracellular signal transduction arising from each. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of prototypical and commercially available orthosteric agonists and antagonists as well as allosteric modulators, including ligands that have entered clinical trials. Finally, we highlight emerging areas of research that hold promise to facilitate rational design of highly selective mGlu receptor-targeting therapeutics in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Over the past three decades, intense discovery efforts have yielded diverse pharmacological tools acting either competitively or allosterically, which have enabled dissection of fundamental biological process modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors and established proof of concept for many therapeutic indications. We review metabotropic glutamate receptor molecular pharmacology and highlight emerging areas that are offering new avenues to selectively modulate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
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13
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van Gelder CAGH, Penning R, Veth TS, Catsburg LAE, Hoogenraad CC, MacGillavry HD, Altelaar M. Temporal Quantitative Proteomics of mGluR-induced Protein Translation and Phosphorylation in Neurons. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1952-1968. [PMID: 32912969 PMCID: PMC7710149 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
At neuronal synapses, activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) triggers a form of long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) that relies on new protein synthesis and the internalization of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in the development of mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and therefore merit a better understanding on a molecular level. Here, to study mGluR-induced signaling pathways, we integrated quantitative phosphoproteomics with the analyses of newly synthesized proteins via bio-orthogonal amino acids (azidohomoalanine) in a pulsed labeling strategy in cultured hippocampal neurons stimulated with DHPG, a specific agonist for group I mGluRs. We identified several kinases with important roles in DHPG-induced mGluR activation, which we confirmed using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, changes in the AMPA receptor endocytosis pathway in both protein synthesis and protein phosphorylation were identified, whereby Intersectin-1 was validated as a novel player in this pathway. This study revealed several new insights into the molecular pathways downstream of group I mGluR activation in hippocampal neurons, and provides a rich resource for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A G H van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Penning
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa A E Catsburg
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Lim SH, Shin S, Kim MH, Kim EC, Lee DY, Moon J, Park HY, Ryu YK, Kang YM, Kang YJ, Kim TH, Lee NY, Kim NS, Yu DY, Shim I, Gondo Y, Satake M, Kim E, Kim KS, Min SS, Lee JR. Depression-like behaviors induced by defective PTPRT activity through dysregulated synaptic functions and neurogenesis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243972. [PMID: 32938684 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPRT has been known to regulate synaptic formation and dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons. PTPRT-/- null and PTPRT-D401A mutant mice displayed enhanced depression-like behaviors compared with wild-type mice. Transient knockdown of PTPRT in the dentate gyrus enhanced the depression-like behaviors of wild-type mice, whereas rescued expression of PTPRT ameliorated the behaviors of PTPRT-null mice. Chronic stress exposure reduced expression of PTPRT in the hippocampus of mice. In PTPRT-deficient mice the expression of GluR2 (also known as GRIA2) was attenuated as a consequence of dysregulated tyrosine phosphorylation, and the long-term potentiation at perforant-dentate gyrus synapses was augmented. The inhibitory synaptic transmission of the dentate gyrus and hippocampal GABA concentration were reduced in PTPRT-deficient mice. In addition, the hippocampal expression of GABA transporter GAT3 (also known as SLC6A11) was decreased, and its tyrosine phosphorylation was increased in PTPRT-deficient mice. PTPRT-deficient mice displayed reduced numbers and neurite length of newborn granule cells in the dentate gyrus and had attenuated neurogenic ability of embryonic hippocampal neural stem cells. In conclusion, our findings show that the physiological roles of PTPRT in hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as synaptic functions, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Lim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sangyep Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eung Chang Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Moon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Ryu
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Na-Yoon Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masanobu Satake
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sun Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea
| | - Jae-Ran Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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15
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Endoplasmic reticulum visits highly active spines and prevents runaway potentiation of synapses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5083. [PMID: 33033259 PMCID: PMC7546627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In hippocampal pyramidal cells, a small subset of dendritic spines contain endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In large spines, ER frequently forms a spine apparatus, while smaller spines contain just a single tubule of smooth ER. Here we show that the ER visits dendritic spines in a non-random manner, targeting spines during periods of high synaptic activity. When we blocked ER motility using a dominant negative approach against myosin V, spine synapses became stronger compared to controls. We were not able to further potentiate these maxed-out synapses, but long-term depression (LTD) was readily induced by low-frequency stimulation. We conclude that the brief ER visits to active spines have the important function of preventing runaway potentiation of individual spine synapses, keeping most of them at an intermediate strength level from which both long-term potentiation (LTP) and LTD are possible. In hippocampal pyramidal cells, a subset of dendritic spines contain endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, the authors show that ER enters dendritic spines in a non-random manner, during high synaptic activity with the function of limiting synaptic strength.
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16
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Dhuriya YK, Sharma D. Neuronal Plasticity: Neuronal Organization is Associated with Neurological Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1684-1701. [PMID: 32504405 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli from stressful events, attention in the classroom, and many other experiences affect the functionality of the brain by changing the structure or reorganizing the connections between neurons and their communication. Modification of the synaptic transmission is a vital mechanism for generating neural activity via internal or external stimuli. Neuronal plasticity is an important driving force in neuroscience research, as it is the basic process underlying learning and memory and is involved in many other functions including brain development and homeostasis, sensorial training, and recovery from brain injury. Indeed, neuronal plasticity has been explored in numerous studies, but it is still not clear how neuronal plasticity affects the physiology and morphology of the brain. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of neuronal plasticity is essential for understanding the operation of brain functions. In this timeline review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying different forms of synaptic plasticity and their association with neurodegenerative/neurological disorders as a consequence of alterations in neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Dhuriya
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Divakar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, India. .,CRF, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences (KSBS), Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi (IIT-D), Delhi, 110016, India.
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17
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Sanderson TM, Georgiou J, Collingridge GL. Illuminating Relationships Between the Pre- and Post-synapse. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:9. [PMID: 32308573 PMCID: PMC7146027 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses in the mammalian cortex are highly diverse, both in terms of their structure and function. However, relationships between synaptic features indicate they are highly coordinated entities. Imaging techniques, that enable physiology at the resolution of individual synapses to be investigated, have allowed the presynaptic activity level of the synapse to be related to postsynaptic function. This approach has revealed that neuronal activity induces the pre- and post-synapse to be functionally correlated and that subsets of synapses are more susceptible to certain forms of synaptic plasticity. As presynaptic function is often examined in isolation from postsynaptic properties, the effect it has on the post-synapse is not fully understood. However, since postsynaptic receptors at excitatory synapses respond to release of glutamate, it follows that they may be differentially regulated depending on the frequency of its release. Therefore, examining postsynaptic properties in the context of presynaptic function may be a useful way to approach a broad range of questions on synaptic physiology. In this review, we focus on how optophysiology tools have been utilized to study relationships between the pre- and the post-synapse. Multiple imaging techniques have revealed correlations in synaptic properties from the submicron to the dendritic level. Optical tools together with advanced imaging techniques are ideally suited to illuminate this area further, due to the spatial resolution and control they allow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Glutamate Research Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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18
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Tyrosine phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 gates homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4948-4958. [PMID: 32071234 PMCID: PMC7060742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918436117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hebbian plasticity, comprised of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), allows neurons to encode and respond to specific stimuli; while homeostatic synaptic scaling is a counterbalancing mechanism that enables the maintenance of stable neural circuits. Both types of synaptic plasticity involve the control of postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (AMPAR) abundance, which is modulated by AMPAR phosphorylation. To address the necessity of GluA2 phospho-Y876 in synaptic plasticity, we generated phospho-deficient GluA2 Y876F knock-in mice. We show that, while GluA2 phospho-Y876 is not necessary for Hebbian plasticity, it is essential for both in vivo and in vitro homeostatic upscaling. Bidirectional changes in GluA2 phospho-Y876 were observed during homeostatic scaling, with a decrease during downscaling and an increase during upscaling. GluA2 phospho-Y876 is necessary for synaptic accumulation of glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), a crucial scaffold protein that delivers AMPARs to synapses, during upscaling. Furthermore, increased phosphorylation at GluA2 Y876 increases GluA2 binding to GRIP1. These results demonstrate that AMPAR trafficking during homeostatic upscaling can be gated by a single phosphorylation site on the GluA2 subunit.
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19
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Hlushchenko I, Hotulainen P. Chemical LTD, but not LTP, induces transient accumulation of gelsolin in dendritic spines. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1129-1139. [PMID: 31280237 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity underlies central brain functions, such as learning. Ca2+ signaling is involved in both strengthening and weakening of synapses, but it is still unclear how one signal molecule can induce two opposite outcomes. By identifying molecules, which can distinguish between signaling leading to weakening or strengthening, we can improve our understanding of how synaptic plasticity is regulated. Here, we tested gelsolin's response to the induction of chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP) or long-term depression (cLTD) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We show that gelsolin relocates from the dendritic shaft to dendritic spines upon cLTD induction while it did not show any relocalization upon cLTP induction. Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions on dendrites, where LTD/LTP-responsive excitatory synapses are located. We propose that the LTD-induced modest - but relatively long-lasting - elevation of Ca2+ concentration increases the affinity of gelsolin to F-actin. As F-actin is enriched in dendritic spines, it is probable that increased affinity to F-actin induces the relocalization of gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Hlushchenko
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Wang KW, Ye XL, Huang T, Yang XF, Zou LY. Optogenetics-induced activation of glutamate receptors improves memory function in mice with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2147-2155. [PMID: 31397354 PMCID: PMC6788230 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics is a combination of optics and genetics technology that can be used to activate or inhibit specific cells in tissues. It has been used to treat Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and neurological diseases, but rarely Alzheimer's disease. Adeno-associated virus carrying the CaMK promoter driving the optogenetic channelrhodopsin-2 (CHR2) gene (or without the CHR2 gene, as control) was injected into the bilateral dentate gyri, followed by repeated intrahippocampal injections of soluble low-molecular-weight amyloid-β1-42 peptide (Aβ1-42). Subsequently, the region was stimulated with a 473 nm laser (1-3 ms, 10 Hz, 5 minutes). The novel object recognition test was conducted to test memory function in mice. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the numbers of NeuN and synapsin Ia/b-positive cells in the hippocampus. Western blot assay was carried out to analyze the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, NeuN, synapsin Ia/b, metabotropic glutamate receptor-1a (mGluR-1a), mGluR-5, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1, glutamate receptor 2, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10. Optogenetic stimulation improved working and short-term memory in mice with Alzheimer's disease. This neuroprotective effect was associated with increased expression of NR1, glutamate receptor 2 and mGluR-5 in the hippocampus, and decreased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and interleukin-6. Our results show that optogenetics can be used to regulate the neuronal-glial network to ameliorate memory functions in mice with Alzheimer's disease. The study was approved by the Animal Resources Committee of Jinan University, China (approval No. LL-KT-2011134) on February 28, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ye
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang-Yu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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21
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Cingolani LA, Vitale C, Dityatev A. Intra- and Extracellular Pillars of a Unifying Framework for Homeostatic Plasticity: A Crosstalk Between Metabotropic Receptors and Extracellular Matrix. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:513. [PMID: 31803023 PMCID: PMC6877475 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of chronic changes in incoming sensory inputs, neuronal networks are capable of maintaining stable conditions of electrical activity over prolonged periods of time by adjusting synaptic strength, to amplify or dampen incoming inputs [homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP)], or by altering the intrinsic excitability of individual neurons [homeostatic intrinsic plasticity (HIP)]. Emerging evidence suggests a synergistic interplay between extracellular matrix (ECM) and metabotropic receptors in both forms of homeostatic plasticity. Activation of dopaminergic, serotonergic, or glutamate metabotropic receptors stimulates intracellular signaling through calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and inositol trisphosphate receptors, and induces changes in expression of ECM molecules and proteolysis of both ECM molecules (lecticans) and ECM receptors (NPR, CD44). The resulting remodeling of perisynaptic and synaptic ECM provides permissive conditions for HSP and plays an instructive role by recruiting additional signaling cascades, such as those through metabotropic glutamate receptors and integrins. The superimposition of all these signaling events determines intracellular and diffusional trafficking of ionotropic glutamate receptors, resulting in HSP and modulation of conditions for inducing Hebbian synaptic plasticity (i.e., metaplasticity). It also controls cell-surface delivery and activity of voltage- and Ca2+-gated ion channels, resulting in HIP. These mechanisms may modify epileptogenesis and become a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A. Cingolani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmela Vitale
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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Diering GH, Huganir RL. The AMPA Receptor Code of Synaptic Plasticity. Neuron 2019; 100:314-329. [PMID: 30359599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the properties and postsynaptic abundance of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are major mechanisms underlying various forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and homeostatic scaling. The function and the trafficking of AMPARs to and from synapses is modulated by specific AMPAR GluA1-GluA4 subunits, subunit-specific protein interactors, auxiliary subunits, and posttranslational modifications. Layers of regulation are added to AMPAR tetramers through these different interactions and modifications, increasing the computational power of synapses. Here we review the reliance of synaptic plasticity on AMPAR variants and propose "the AMPAR code" as a conceptual framework. The AMPAR code suggests that AMPAR variants will be predictive of the types and extent of synaptic plasticity that can occur and that a hierarchy exists such that certain AMPARs will be disproportionally recruited to synapses during LTP/homeostatic scaling up, or removed during LTD/homeostatic scaling down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Diering
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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23
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Reiner A, Levitz J. Glutamatergic Signaling in the Central Nervous System: Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Concert. Neuron 2019; 98:1080-1098. [PMID: 29953871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate serves as both the mammalian brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter and as a key neuromodulator to control synapse and circuit function over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This functional diversity is decoded by two receptor families: ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The challenges posed by the complexity and physiological importance of each of these subtypes has limited our appreciation and understanding of how these receptors work in concert. In this review, by comparing both receptor families with a focus on their crosstalk, we argue for a more holistic understanding of neural glutamate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reiner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Lee K, Vyas Y, Garner CC, Montgomery JM. Autism‐associated
Shank3
mutations alter mGluR expression and mGluR‐dependent but not NMDA receptor‐dependent long‐term depression. Synapse 2019; 73:e22097. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Yukti Vyas
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Craig C. Garner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Johanna M. Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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25
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Sanderson TM, Bradley CA, Georgiou J, Hong YH, Ng AN, Lee Y, Kim HD, Kim D, Amici M, Son GH, Zhuo M, Kim K, Kaang BK, Kim SJ, Collingridge GL. The Probability of Neurotransmitter Release Governs AMPA Receptor Trafficking via Activity-Dependent Regulation of mGluR1 Surface Expression. Cell Rep 2018; 25:3631-3646.e3. [PMID: 30590038 PMCID: PMC6315206 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A major mechanism contributing to synaptic plasticity involves alterations in the number of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) expressed at synapses. Hippocampal CA1 synapses, where this process has been most extensively studied, are highly heterogeneous with respect to their probability of neurotransmitter release, P(r). It is unknown whether there is any relationship between the extent of plasticity-related AMPAR trafficking and the initial P(r) of a synapse. To address this question, we induced metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) and assessed AMPAR trafficking and P(r) at individual synapses, using SEP-GluA2 and FM4-64, respectively. We found that either pharmacological or synaptic activation of mGluR1 reduced synaptic SEP-GluA2 in a manner that depends upon P(r); this process involved an activity-dependent reduction in surface mGluR1 that selectively protects high-P(r) synapses from synaptic weakening. Consequently, the extent of postsynaptic plasticity can be pre-tuned by presynaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Sanderson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea; School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Clarrisa A Bradley
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, Korea; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Yun Hwa Hong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28, Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Ai Na Ng
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Yeseul Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, Korea; School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Hee-Dae Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, and Korea Brain Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, and Korea Brain Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Mascia Amici
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, Korea; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Building 504, Room 202, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu 151-747, Seoul, Korea; Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, and Korea Brain Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Building 504, Room 202, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu 151-747, Seoul, Korea; Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28, Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, Korea; School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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26
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Hanley JG. The Regulation of AMPA Receptor Endocytosis by Dynamic Protein-Protein Interactions. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:362. [PMID: 30364226 PMCID: PMC6193100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise regulation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking in neurons is crucial for excitatory neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and the consequent formation and modification of neural circuits during brain development and learning. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is an essential trafficking event for the activity-dependent removal of AMPARs from the neuronal plasma membrane, resulting in a reduction in synaptic strength known as long-term depression (LTD). The regulated AMPAR endocytosis that underlies LTD is caused by specific modes of synaptic activity, most notably stimulation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Numerous proteins associate with AMPAR subunits, directly or indirectly, to control their trafficking, and therefore the regulation of these protein-protein interactions in response to NMDAR or mGluR signaling is a critical feature of synaptic plasticity. This article reviews the protein-protein interactions that are dynamically regulated during synaptic plasticity to modulate AMPAR endocytosis, focussing on AMPAR binding proteins and proteins that bind the core endocytic machinery. In addition, the mechanisms for the regulation of protein-protein interactions are considered, as well as the functional consequences of these dynamic interactions on AMPAR endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Hanley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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27
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Dang R, Qi J, Liu A, Ren Q, Lv D, Han L, Zhou Z, Cao F, Xie W, Jia Z. Regulation of hippocampal long term depression by Neuroligin 1. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:205-216. [PMID: 30266599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroligins (NLGs) are postsynaptic adhesion molecules known to play essential roles in synapse development and maturation, but their effects on synaptic plasticity at mature synapses remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the involvement of NLG1 in hippocampal long-term depression (LTD), a key form of long lasting synaptic plasticity, critical for memory formation and brain disorders, by using mice deficient in the expression of NLG1. We find that although NLG1 homozygous (NLG1-/-) mice show no impairments in either NMDA receptor- (NMDAR-LTD) or metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent LTD (mGluR-LTD), the heterozygous (NLG1+/-) mice are significantly altered in both forms of LTD characterized by the absence of NMDAR-LTD but enhanced mGluR-LTD. Accordingly, the NLG1+/-, but not the NLG1-/- mice are altered in synaptic proteins, including PSD95, GluA2 and phosphorylated GluA1 at serine 845, all of which are involved in the expression of LTD. The NLG1+/- mice also exhibit autistic-like behaviors including increased grooming and impaired recognition memory. We further show that the expression of NLG3, a close family member of NLG1, is elevated in the NLG1-/-, but not in NLG1+/- mice, suggesting that the lack of LTD deficits in the NLG1-/- mice might be due to the increased NLG3. Our results reveal a gene dosage dependent role for NLG1 in the regulation of LTD and suggest that moderate changes in NLG1 protein level may be sufficient to cause synaptic and behavior deficits in brain disorders where copy number variants and hemizygosity of gene mutations are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifang Han
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zikai Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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28
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Wang X, Liu D, Huang HZ, Wang ZH, Hou TY, Yang X, Pang P, Wei N, Zhou YF, Dupras MJ, Calon F, Wang YT, Man HY, Chen JG, Wang JZ, Hébert SS, Lu Y, Zhu LQ. A Novel MicroRNA-124/PTPN1 Signal Pathway Mediates Synaptic and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:395-405. [PMID: 28965984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic loss is an early pathological event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of synaptic function and memory. METHODS We used miRNA array and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to examine the alteration of miRNAs in AD mice and patients as well as the Morris water maze to evaluate learning and memory in the mice. We also used adeno-associated virus or lentivirus to introduce tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1) expression of silencing RNAs. Long-term potentiation and Golgi staining were used to evaluate the synaptic function and structure. We designed a peptide to interrupt miR-124/PTPN1 interaction. RESULTS Here we report that neuronal miR-124 is dramatically increased in the hippocampus of Tg2576 mice, a recognized AD mouse model. Similar changes were observed in specific brain regions of affected AD individuals. We further identified PTPN1 as a direct target of miR-124. Overexpression of miR-124 or knockdown of PTPN1 recapitulated AD-like phenotypes in mice, including deficits in synaptic transmission and plasticity as well as memory by impairing the glutamate receptor 2 membrane insertion. Most importantly, rebuilding the miR-124/PTPN1 pathway by suppression of miR-124, overexpression of PTPN1, or application of a peptide that disrupts the miR-124/PTPN1 interaction could restore synaptic failure and memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results identified the miR-124/PTPN1 pathway as a critical mediator of synaptic dysfunction and memory loss in AD, and the miR-124/PTPN1 pathway could be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - He-Zhou Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Yao Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Fan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Marie-Josée Dupras
- Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yu-Tian Wang
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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29
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Narushima M. Comparison of the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 in developmental refinement of neuronal connectivity between the cerebellum and the sensory thalamus. Neurosci Res 2017; 129:24-31. [PMID: 28711710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental refinement of neuronal connectivity is crucial for proper brain function. In the early phase of development, input fibers arrive at their target areas guided by specific molecular cues and form abundant immature synapses. Then, functionally important synapses are preserved and strengthened by neural activity while unnecessary synapses are eliminated. Afferent synapses in the sensory thalamus, such as from retina to lateral geniculate nucleus, and climbing fiber (CF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses in the cerebellum are valuable models for studying this developmental refinement of synaptic connectivity because only a limited number of input fibers innervate a given postsynaptic thalamocortical (TC) neuron or PC. The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) is required for the refinement of both afferent-TC neuron and CF-PC synapses. However, mGluR1 functions differently at these synapses. While mGluR1 is critical for elimination of surplus CF-PC synapses in the cerebellum, retinogeniculate synapses require mGluR1 for maintenance of mature connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Narushima
- Department of Physiology (I), School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Yashiro S, Seki K. Association of social defeat stress-induced anhedonia-like symptoms with mGluR1-dependent decrease in membrane-bound AMPA-GluR1 in the mouse ventral midbrain. Stress 2017; 20:404-418. [PMID: 28554247 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1336534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is a core symptom of social defeat stress (SDS)-induced depression associated with the reward system. We previously reported that decreased membrane-bound AMPA-GluR1 in the reward system is associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced anhedonia-like symptoms. Since group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation reduces the surface density of GluR1, we examined whether group I mGluR-dependent decrease in membrane-bound GluR1 in the reward system is involved in SDS-induced anhedonia-like symptoms. Mice exposed to SDS for 4 consecutive days had markedly decreased membrane-bound GluR1 and GluR2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and membrane-bound GluR1 in the ventral midbrain (VM) along with lower sucrose preference (SP). Intra-PFC injection of the group I mGluR agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG; 100 μmol) demonstrated decrease in membrane-bound GluR1 and GluR2 in the PFC 2 and 24 h and membrane-bound GluR1 in the VM 24 h after injection. Moreover, intra-PFC injection of DHPG decreased SP only in the second 24-h (24-48 h) period. Conversely, intra-VM injection of DHPG decreased SP in both the first and second 24-h period and decreased membrane-bound GluR1 in the VM 2 and 24 h after injection. Pre-treatment with the mGluR1 antagonist JNJ16259685 (30 mg/kg, subcutaneous) prevented SDS-decreased SP and membrane-bound GluR1 in the VM. The mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP; 10 mg/kg, subcutaneous) prevented SDS-induced decrease in membrane-bound GluR1 and GluR2 in the PFC, whereas MPEP did not affect SDS-induced decrease in SP and membrane-bound GluR1 in the VM. These results suggest that mGluR1-mediated decrease in membrane-bound GluR1 in VM is involved in SDS-induced anhedonia-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayori Yashiro
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Ohu University , Tomitamachi, Koriyama , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Kenjiro Seki
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Ohu University , Tomitamachi, Koriyama , Fukushima , Japan
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31
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The number and distribution of AMPA receptor channels containing fast kinetic GluA3 and GluA4 subunits at auditory nerve synapses depend on the target cells. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3375-3393. [PMID: 28397107 PMCID: PMC5676837 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter receptor subtype, number, density, and distribution relative to the location of transmitter release sites are key determinants of signal transmission. AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) containing GluA3 and GluA4 subunits are prominently expressed in subsets of neurons capable of firing action potentials at high frequencies, such as auditory relay neurons. The auditory nerve (AN) forms glutamatergic synapses on two types of relay neurons, bushy cells (BCs) and fusiform cells (FCs) of the cochlear nucleus. AN-BC and AN-FC synapses have distinct kinetics; thus, we investigated whether the number, density, and localization of GluA3 and GluA4 subunits in these synapses are differentially organized using quantitative freeze-fracture replica immunogold labeling. We identify a positive correlation between the number of AMPARs and the size of AN-BC and AN-FC synapses. Both types of AN synapses have similar numbers of AMPARs; however, the AN-BC have a higher density of AMPARs than AN-FC synapses, because the AN-BC synapses are smaller. A higher number and density of GluA3 subunits are observed at AN-BC synapses, whereas a higher number and density of GluA4 subunits are observed at AN-FC synapses. The intrasynaptic distribution of immunogold labeling revealed that AMPAR subunits, particularly GluA3, are concentrated at the center of the AN-BC synapses. The central distribution of AMPARs is absent in GluA3-knockout mice, and gold particles are evenly distributed along the postsynaptic density. GluA4 gold labeling was homogenously distributed along both synapse types. Thus, GluA3 and GluA4 subunits are distributed at AN synapses in a target-cell-dependent manner.
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32
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Tidball P, Burn HV, Teh KL, Volianskis A, Collingridge GL, Fitzjohn SM. Differential ability of the dorsal and ventral rat hippocampus to exhibit group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent synaptic and intrinsic plasticity. Brain Neurosci Adv 2017; 1. [PMID: 28413831 PMCID: PMC5390859 DOI: 10.1177/2398212816689792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The hippocampus is critically involved in learning and memory processes. Although once considered a relatively homogenous structure, it is now clear that the hippocampus can be divided along its longitudinal axis into functionally distinct domains, responsible for the encoding of different types of memory or behaviour. Although differences in extrinsic connectivity are likely to contribute to this functional differentiation, emerging evidence now suggests that cellular and molecular differences at the level of local hippocampal circuits may also play a role. Methods: In this study, we have used extracellular field potential recordings to compare basal input/output function and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent forms of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in area CA1 of slices taken from the dorsal and ventral sectors of the adult rat hippocampus. Results: Using two extracellular electrodes to simultaneously record field EPSPs and population spikes, we show that dorsal and ventral hippocampal slices differ in their basal levels of excitatory synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation, and EPSP-to-Spike coupling. Furthermore, we show that slices taken from the ventral hippocampus have a greater ability than their dorsal counterparts to exhibit long-term depression of synaptic transmission and EPSP-to-Spike potentiation induced by transient application of the group I mGluR agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine. Conclusions: Together, our results provide further evidence that the information processing properties of local hippocampal circuits differ in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal sectors, and that these differences may in turn contribute to the functional differentiation that exists along the hippocampal longitudinal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tidball
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah V Burn
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kai Lun Teh
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Arturas Volianskis
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen M Fitzjohn
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Ishizuka Y, Hanamura K. Drebrin in Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1006:203-223. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56550-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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34
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Lombroso PJ, Ogren M, Kurup P, Nairn AC. Molecular underpinnings of neurodegenerative disorders: striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling and synaptic plasticity. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 29098072 PMCID: PMC5642311 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8571.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary focuses on potential molecular mechanisms related to the dysfunctional synaptic plasticity that is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Specifically, we focus on the role of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) in modulating synaptic function in these illnesses. STEP affects neuronal communication by opposing synaptic strengthening and does so by dephosphorylating several key substrates known to control synaptic signaling and plasticity. STEP levels are elevated in brains from patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Studies in model systems have found that high levels of STEP result in internalization of glutamate receptors as well as inactivation of ERK1/2, Fyn, Pyk2, and other STEP substrates necessary for the development of synaptic strengthening. We discuss the search for inhibitors of STEP activity that may offer potential treatments for neurocognitive disorders that are characterized by increased STEP activity. Future studies are needed to examine the mechanisms of differential and region-specific changes in STEP expression pattern, as such knowledge could lead to targeted therapies for disorders involving disrupted STEP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Lombroso
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Marilee Ogren
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Pradeep Kurup
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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35
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Wasser CR, Herz J. Reelin: Neurodevelopmental Architect and Homeostatic Regulator of Excitatory Synapses. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1330-1338. [PMID: 27994051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.766782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half a century ago, D. S. Falconer first reported a mouse with a reeling gate. Four decades later, the Reln gene was isolated and identified as the cause of the reeler phenotype. Initial studies found that loss of Reelin, a large, secreted glycoprotein encoded by the Reln gene, results in abnormal neuronal layering throughout several regions of the brain. In the years since, the known functions of Reelin signaling in the brain have expanded to include multiple postdevelopmental neuromodulatory roles, revealing an ever increasing body of evidence to suggest that Reelin signaling is a critical player in the modulation of synaptic function. In writing this review, we intend to highlight the most fundamental aspects of Reelin signaling and integrate how these various neuromodulatory effects shape and protect synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Wasser
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and
| | - Joachim Herz
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, .,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and.,Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
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36
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Mao LM, Wang JQ. Tyrosine phosphorylation of glutamate receptors by non-receptor tyrosine kinases: roles in depression-like behavior. NEUROTRANSMITTER (HOUSTON, TEX.) 2016; 3:e1118. [PMID: 26942227 PMCID: PMC4771189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several key members of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) family are abundantly present within excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. These neuron-enriched nRTKs interact with glutamate receptors and phosphorylate the receptors at tyrosine sites. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a direct substrate of nRTKs and has been extensively investigated in its phosphorylation responses to nRTKs. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor is the other glutamate receptor subtype that is subject to nRTK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. Recently, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) were found to be sensitive to nRTKs. Robust tyrosine phosphorylation may occur in C-terminal tails of mGluR5. Tyrosine phosphorylation of glutamate receptors is either constitutive or induced activity-dependently by changing cellular and/or synaptic input. Through inducing tyrosine phosphorylation, nRTKs regulate trafficking, subcellular distribution, and function of modified receptors. Available data show that nRTK-glutamate receptor interactions and tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptors undergo drastic adaptations in mood disorders such as major depressive disorder. The remodeling of the nRTK-glutamate receptor interplay contributes to the long-lasting pathophysiology and symptomology of depression. This review summarizes the recent progress in tyrosine phosphorylation of glutamate receptors and analyzes the role of nRTKs in regulating glutamate receptors and depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Q. Wang
- Correspondence to: John Q. Wang, Department of Basic Medical Science, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA, Tel: (816) 235-1786; Fax: (816) 235-5574,
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37
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Li J, Chen H, Wu S, Cheng Y, Li Q, Wang J, Zhu G. MPP + inhibits mGluR1/5-mediated long-term depression in mouse hippocampus by calpain activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:22-27. [PMID: 27908790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxins are harmful to nervous system and cause either neuronal cell death or impairment of synaptic activity, which contributes to Parkinson's disease or other neuronal disorders. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was proposed as a cellular model for memory processing. In this study, we reported a novel effect of neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), on metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 agonist, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and MPP+ incubation blocked DHPG-induced hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) in Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Our further findings indicated that, this blockage was reversed by pre-application of calpain inhibitor III, but not by cathepsin inhibitors. Biochemical analysis showed that MPP+ treatment stimulated calpain activation, displayed by spectrin breakdown. Interestingly, the level and activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were reduced after MPP+ incubation and the decrease of PTP1B was prohibited by calpain inhibitor III. In addition, PTP1B inhibitor also blocked DHPG-induced LTD, mimicking the effect of MPP+. In summary, our data implicated that MPP+ activated calpain-dependent PTP1B degradation, which subsequently impaired hippocampal LTD. This novel effect of MPP+ might partially explain the impairment of memory processing in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Shengbing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yuefa Cheng
- Jitang College of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
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38
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Pick JE, Khatri L, Sathler MF, Ziff EB. mGluR long-term depression regulates GluA2 association with COPII vesicles and exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. EMBO J 2016; 36:232-244. [PMID: 27856517 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
mGluR long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) is a form of synaptic plasticity induced at excitatory synapses by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). mGluR-LTD reduces synaptic strength and is relevant to learning and memory, autism, and sensitization to cocaine; however, the mechanism is not known. Here we show that activation of Group I mGluRs in medium spiny neurons induces trafficking of GluA2 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the synapse by enhancing GluA2 binding to essential COPII vesicle proteins, Sec23 and Sec13. GluA2 exit from the ER further depends on IP3 and Ryanodine receptor-controlled Ca2+ release as well as active translation. Synaptic insertion of GluA2 is coupled to removal of high-conducting Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors from synapses, resulting in synaptic depression. This work demonstrates a novel mechanism in which mGluR signals release AMPA receptors rapidly from the ER and couple ER release to GluA2 synaptic insertion and GluA1 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Pick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Latika Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matheus F Sathler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Edward B Ziff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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39
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Kang SJ, Kaang BK. Metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent long-term depression in the cortex. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:557-564. [PMID: 27847432 PMCID: PMC5106389 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.6.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD), a type of synaptic plasticity, is characterized by a reduction in the synaptic response, mainly at the excitatory synapses of the neurons. The hippocampus and the cerebellum have been the most extensively studied regions in mGluR-dependent LTD, and Group 1 mGluR has been reported to be mainly involved in this synaptic LTD at excitatory synapses. However, mGluR-dependent LTD in other brain regions may be involved in the specific behaviors or diseases. In this paper, we focus on five cortical regions and review the literature that implicates their contribution to the pathogenesis of several behaviors and specific conditions associated with mGluR-dependent LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukjae Joshua Kang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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40
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Jones OD. Do group I metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate LTD? Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 138:85-97. [PMID: 27545442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synapses undergo significant structural and functional reorganization in response to varying patterns of stimulation. These forms of plasticity are considered fundamental to cognition and neuronal homeostasis. An increasing number of reports highlight the importance of activity-dependent synaptic strengthening (long term potentiation: LTP) for learning. However, the functional significance of activity-dependent weakening of synapses (long term depression: LTD) remains relatively poorly understood. One form of synaptic weakening, induced by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), has received significant attention from a mechanistic point of view and because of its augmentation in a murine model of Fragile X Syndrome. Yet, studies of this form of plasticity often yield confusing, contradictory results. These conflicting findings are likely attributable to the bulk stimulation and recording techniques often used to study synaptic plasticity (typically involving evoked extracellular recordings, which represent the summed activity of many synapses). Such studies inherently blur the identity of the synapses undergoing change, thus giving the illusion that synapses per se are being modified when in fact this may only be true of a specific subset of synapses. Indeed, studies employing minimal synaptic activation paint a fundamentally different picture of what is commonly called "mGluR-LTD". Here, I review the evidence in favour of group I mGluRs as mediators of various forms of synaptic downregulation and attempt to explain discrepancies in the literature. I argue that, while multiple forms of synaptic weakening may be triggered by these receptors, the canonical form of group I mGluR-mediated depression, mGluR-LTD, is in fact not a depression of basal synaptic responses. Rather, it is a reversal of established LTP and thus a form of depotentiation. Far from being arbitrary, this distinction has significant implications for the role of group I mGluRs in cognition, both in the healthy brain and in pathological conditions. Further, the differential actions of group I mGluRs at naïve and potentiated synapses suggest these receptors signal in a state-dependent manner to regulate various stages of the learning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen D Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre & Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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41
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Abbas AK. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Did Not Interfere with Long-Term Depression Induced either Electrically in Juvenile Rats or Chemically in Middle-Aged Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161270. [PMID: 27517693 PMCID: PMC4982604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In testing the hypothesis that long-term potentiation (LTP) maintenance depends on triggered protein synthesis, we found no effect of protein synthesis inhibitors (PSIs) on LTP stabilization. Similarly, some studies reported a lack of effect of PSIs on long-term depression (LTD); the lack of effect on LTD has been suggested to be resulting from the short time recordings. If this proposal were true, LTD might exhibit sensitivity to PSIs when the recording intervals were enough long. We firstly induced LTD by a standard protocol involving low frequency stimulation, which is suitable for eliciting NMDAR-LTD in CA1 area of hippocampal slices obtained from juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. This LTD was persistent for intervals in range of 8–10 h. Treating slices with anisomycin, however, did not interfere with the magnitude and persistence of this form of LTD. The failure of anisomycin to block synaptic-LTD might be relied on the age of animal, the type of protein synthesis inhibitors and/or the inducing protocol. To verify whether those variables altogether were determinant, NMDA or DHPG was used to chemically elicit LTD recorded up to 10 h on hippocampal slices obtained from middle-aged rats. In either form of LTD, cycloheximide did not interfere with LTD stabilization. Furthermore, DHPG application did show an increase in the global protein synthesis as assayed by radiolabeled methodology indicating that though triggered protein synthesis can occur but not necessarily required for LTD expression. The findings confirm that stabilized LTD in either juvenile, or middle-aged rats can be independent of triggered protein synthesis. Although the processes responsible for the independence of LTD stabilization on the triggered protein synthesis are not yet defined, these findings raise the possibility that de novo protein synthesis is not universally necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Karim Abbas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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42
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Sanderson TM, Hogg EL, Collingridge GL, Corrêa SAL. Hippocampal metabotropic glutamate receptor long-term depression in health and disease: focus on mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:200-214. [PMID: 26923875 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) dependent long-term depression (LTD) is a major form of synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. The molecular mechanisms involved in mGluR-LTD have been investigated intensively for the last two decades. In this 60th anniversary special issue article, we review the recent advances in determining the mechanisms that regulate the induction, transduction and expression of mGluR-LTD in the hippocampus, with a focus on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In particular we discuss the requirement of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) activation. The recent advances in understanding the signaling cascades regulating mGluR-LTD are then related to the cognitive impairments observed in neurological disorders, such as fragile X syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. mGluR-LTD is a form of synaptic plasticity that impacts on memory formation. In the hippocampus mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been found to be important in mGluR-LTD. In this 60th anniversary special issue article, we review the independent and complementary roles of two classes of MAPK, p38 and ERK1/2 and link this to the aberrant mGluR-LTD that has an important role in diseases. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Sanderson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ellen L Hogg
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sonia A L Corrêa
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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43
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Guntupalli S, Widagdo J, Anggono V. Amyloid-β-Induced Dysregulation of AMPA Receptor Trafficking. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3204519. [PMID: 27073700 PMCID: PMC4814684 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3204519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from neuropathological, genetic, animal model, and biochemical studies has indicated that the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is associated with, and probably induces, profound neuronal changes in brain regions critical for memory and cognition in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is considerable evidence that synapses are particularly vulnerable to AD, establishing synaptic dysfunction as one of the earliest events in pathogenesis, prior to neuronal loss. It is clear that excessive Aβ levels can disrupt excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity, mainly due to dysregulation of the AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors in the brain. Importantly, AMPA receptors are the principal glutamate receptors that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission. This is essential for synaptic plasticity, a cellular correlate of learning and memory, which are the cognitive functions that are most disrupted in AD. Here we review recent advances in the field and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie Aβ-induced dysfunction of AMPA receptor trafficking. This review focuses primarily on NMDA receptor- and metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signaling. In particular, we highlight several mechanisms that underlie synaptic long-term depression as common signaling pathways that are hijacked by the neurotoxic effects of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumasri Guntupalli
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Widagdo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Karasawa T, Lombroso PJ. Disruption of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) function in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Res 2014; 89:1-9. [PMID: 25218562 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is a brain-specific tyrosine phosphatase that plays a major role in the development of synaptic plasticity. Recent findings have implicated STEP in several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, fragile X syndrome, Huntington's disease, stroke/ischemia, and stress-related psychiatric disorders. In these disorders, STEP protein expression levels and activity are dysregulated, contributing to the cognitive deficits that are present. In this review, we focus on the most recent findings on STEP, discuss how STEP expression and activity are maintained during normal cognitive function, and how disruptions in STEP activity contribute to a number of illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Karasawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan.
| | - Paul J Lombroso
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Eales KL, Palygin O, O'Loughlin T, Rasooli-Nejad S, Gaestel M, Müller J, Collins DR, Pankratov Y, Corrêa SAL. The MK2/3 cascade regulates AMPAR trafficking and cognitive flexibility. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4701. [PMID: 25134715 PMCID: PMC4143933 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTD) is thought to be involved in learning and memory formation. One form of LTD expressed in the hippocampus is initiated by the activation of the group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Importantly, mGluRs have been shown to be critical for acquisition of new memories and for reversal learning, processes that are thought to be crucial for cognitive flexibility. Here we provide evidence that MAPK-activated protein kinases 2 and 3 (MK2/3) regulate neuronal spine morphology, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Furthermore, mGluR-LTD is impaired in the hippocampus of MK2/3 double knockout (DKO) mice, an observation that is mirrored by deficits in endocytosis of GluA1 subunits. Consistent with compromised mGluR-LTD, MK2/3 DKO mice have distinctive deficits in hippocampal-dependent spatial reversal learning. These novel findings demonstrate that the MK2/3 cascade plays a strategic role in controlling synaptic plasticity and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Eales
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Oleg Palygin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thomas O'Loughlin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical University, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Müller
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dawn R Collins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sonia A L Corrêa
- 1] School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK [2] School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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Park K, Song S, Hong I, Song B, Kim J, Park S, Lee J, Song S, An B, Kim J, Lee CJ, Shin KS, Choi S, Lee S. Group I mGluR-dependent depotentiation in the lateral amygdala does not require the removal of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:269. [PMID: 25152720 PMCID: PMC4126548 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence regarding whether calcium-permeable receptors are removed during group I mGluR-mediated synaptic depression. In support of this hypothesis, AMPAR rectification, a correlative index of the synaptic expression of GluA2-lacking calcium–permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs), is known to decrease after the induction of several types of group I mGluR-mediated long-term depression (LTD), suggesting that a significant proportion of synaptic CP-AMPARs is removed during synaptic depression. We have previously demonstrated that fear conditioning-induced synaptic potentiation in the lateral amygdala is reversed by group 1 mGluR-mediated depotentiation. Here, we examined whether CP-AMPARs are removed by mGluR1-mediated depotentiation of fear conditioning-induced synaptic potentiation. The synaptic expression of CP-AMPARs was negligible before, increased significantly 12 h after, and returned to baseline 48 h after fear conditioning, as evidenced by the changes in the sensitivity of lateral amygdala synaptic responses to NASPM. Importantly, the sensitivity to NASPM was not altered after induction of depotentiation. Our findings, together with previous results, suggest that the removal of CP-AMPARs is not required for the depotentiation of fear conditioning-induced synaptic potentiation at lateral amygdala synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjoon Park
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Sukwoon Song
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Ingie Hong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beomjong Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Center for Neural Science and Center for Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Sungmo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Junuk Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Sangho Song
- Center for Neural Science and Center for Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Bobae An
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Jihye Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neural Science and Center for Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Ki Soon Shin
- Department of Biology, Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Sukwoo Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
| | - Sukwon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea (ROK)
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Inhibitor of the tyrosine phosphatase STEP reverses cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001923. [PMID: 25093460 PMCID: PMC4122355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is a neuron-specific phosphatase that regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, as well as ERK1/2, p38, Fyn, and Pyk2 activity. STEP is overactive in several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The increase in STEP activity likely disrupts synaptic function and contributes to the cognitive deficits in AD. AD mice lacking STEP have restored levels of glutamate receptors on synaptosomal membranes and improved cognitive function, results that suggest STEP as a novel therapeutic target for AD. Here we describe the first large-scale effort to identify and characterize small-molecule STEP inhibitors. We identified the benzopentathiepin 8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine hydrochloride (known as TC-2153) as an inhibitor of STEP with an IC50 of 24.6 nM. TC-2153 represents a novel class of PTP inhibitors based upon a cyclic polysulfide pharmacophore that forms a reversible covalent bond with the catalytic cysteine in STEP. In cell-based secondary assays, TC-2153 increased tyrosine phosphorylation of STEP substrates ERK1/2, Pyk2, and GluN2B, and exhibited no toxicity in cortical cultures. Validation and specificity experiments performed in wild-type (WT) and STEP knockout (KO) cortical cells and in vivo in WT and STEP KO mice suggest specificity of inhibitors towards STEP compared to highly homologous tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, TC-2153 improved cognitive function in several cognitive tasks in 6- and 12-mo-old triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice, with no change in beta amyloid and phospho-tau levels.
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Rubio ME, Fukazawa Y, Kamasawa N, Clarkson C, Molnár E, Shigemoto R. Target- and input-dependent organization of AMPA and NMDA receptors in synaptic connections of the cochlear nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:4023-42. [PMID: 25041792 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the synaptic structure, quantity, and distribution of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs and NMDARs, respectively) in rat cochlear nuclei by a highly sensitive freeze-fracture replica labeling technique. Four excitatory synapses formed by two distinct inputs, auditory nerve (AN) and parallel fibers (PF), on different cell types were analyzed. These excitatory synapse types included AN synapses on bushy cells (AN-BC synapses) and fusiform cells (AN-FC synapses) and PF synapses on FC (PF-FC synapses) and cartwheel cell spines (PF-CwC synapses). Immunogold labeling revealed differences in synaptic structure as well as AMPAR and NMDAR number and/or density in both AN and PF synapses, indicating a target-dependent organization. The immunogold receptor labeling also identified differences in the synaptic organization of FCs based on AN or PF connections, indicating an input-dependent organization in FCs. Among the four excitatory synapse types, the AN-BC synapses were the smallest and had the most densely packed intramembrane particles (IMPs), whereas the PF-CwC synapses were the largest and had sparsely packed IMPs. All four synapse types showed positive correlations between the IMP-cluster area and the AMPAR number, indicating a common intrasynapse-type relationship for glutamatergic synapses. Immunogold particles for AMPARs were distributed over the entire area of individual AN synapses; PF synapses often showed synaptic areas devoid of labeling. The gold-labeling for NMDARs occurred in a mosaic fashion, with less positive correlations between the IMP-cluster area and the NMDAR number. Our observations reveal target- and input-dependent features in the structure, number, and organization of AMPARs and NMDARs in AN and PF synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Rubio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Anastasio TJ. Computational identification of potential multitarget treatments for ameliorating the adverse effects of amyloid-β on synaptic plasticity. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:85. [PMID: 24847263 PMCID: PMC4021136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading hypothesis on Alzheimer Disease (AD) is that it is caused by buildup of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ), which initially causes dysregulation of synaptic plasticity and eventually causes destruction of synapses and neurons. Pharmacological efforts to limit Aβ buildup have proven ineffective, and this raises the twin challenges of understanding the adverse effects of Aβ on synapses and of suggesting pharmacological means to prevent them. The purpose of this paper is to initiate a computational approach to understanding the dysregulation by Aβ of synaptic plasticity and to offer suggestions whereby combinations of various chemical compounds could be arrayed against it. This data-driven approach confronts the complexity of synaptic plasticity by representing findings from the literature in a course-grained manner, and focuses on understanding the aggregate behavior of many molecular interactions. The same set of interactions is modeled by two different computer programs, each written using a different programming modality: one imperative, the other declarative. Both programs compute the same results over an extensive test battery, providing an essential crosscheck. Then the imperative program is used for the computationally intensive purpose of determining the effects on the model of every combination of ten different compounds, while the declarative program is used to analyze model behavior using temporal logic. Together these two model implementations offer new insights into the mechanisms by which Aβ dysregulates synaptic plasticity and suggest many drug combinations that potentially may reduce or prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Anastasio
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
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50
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Bernard PB, Castano AM, Bayer KU, Benke TA. Necessary, but not sufficient: insights into the mechanisms of mGluR mediated long-term depression from a rat model of early life seizures. Neuropharmacology 2014; 84:1-12. [PMID: 24780380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using the rat model of early life seizures (ELS), which has exaggerated mGluR mediated long-term depression of synaptic strength (mGluR-LTD) in adulthood, we probed the signaling cascades underlying mGluR-LTD induction. Several inhibitors completely blocked mGluR-LTD in control but not in ELS rats: the proteasome, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), S6 kinase (S6K), or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type VGCC). Inhibition of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) resulted in a near complete block of mGluR-LTD in control rats and a slight reduction of mGluR-LTD in ELS rats. "Autonomous" CaMKII was found to be upregulated in ELS rats, while elevated S6K activity, which is stimulated by mTOR, was described previously. Thus, modulation of each of these factors was necessary for mGluR-LTD induction in control rats, but even their combined, permanent activation in the ELS rats was not sufficient to individually support mGluR-LTD induction following ELS. This implies that while these factors may act sequentially in controls to mediate mGluR-LTD, this is no longer the case after ELS. In contrast, activated ERK was found to be significantly down-regulated in ELS rats. Inhibition of MEK/ERK activation in control rats elevated mGluR-LTD to the exaggerated levels seen in ELS rats. Together, these results elucidate both the mechanisms that persistently enhance mGluR-LTD after ELS and the mechanisms underlying normal mGluR-LTD by providing evidence for multiple, convergent pathways that mediate mGluR-LTD induction. With our prior work, this ties these signaling cascades to the ELS behavioral phenotype that includes abnormal working memory, fear conditioning and socialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA
| | - Anna M Castano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA
| | - K Ulrich Bayer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA
| | - Tim A Benke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, CO, USA.
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