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Ying Y, Liu W, Wang H, Shi J, Wang Z, Fei J. GABA transporter mGat4 is involved in multiple neural functions in mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119740. [PMID: 38697303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The termination of GABA transmission is through the action of GABA transporters (GATs). mGAT4 (encoded by Slc6a11) is another GAT besides GAT1 (encoded by Slc6a1) that functions in GABA reuptake in CNS. Research on the function of mGAT4 is still in its infancy. We developed an mGat4 knockout mouse model (mGat4-/- mice) and performed a series of behavioral analyses for the first time to study the effect of mGat4 on biological processes in CNS. Our results indicated that homozygous mGat4-/- mice had less depression, anxiety-like behavior and more social activities than their wild-type littermate controls. However, they had weight loss and showed motor incoordination and imbalance. Meanwhile, mGat4-/- mice showed increased pain threshold and hypoalgesia behavior in nociceptive stimulus and learning and memory impairments. The expression of multiple components of the GABAergic system including GAD67, GABAA and KCC2 was altered. There is little or no compensatory change in mGat1. In a word, mGat4 may play a key role in normal motor coordination, sensation, emotion, learning and memory and could be the potential target of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ying
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weitong Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiahao Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Guo Y, Kang Y, Bai W, Liu Q, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wang C. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A impairs cognitive function via the gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway in male rat offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1235-1244. [PMID: 37926988 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common synthetic endocrine disruptor that can be utilized in the fabrication of materials such as polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Numerous studies have linked BPA to learning and memory problems, although the precise mechanism remains unknown. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system, and it is intimately related to learning and memory. This study aims to evaluate whether altered cognitive behavior involves the GABA signaling pathway in male offspring of rats exposed to BPA during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. Pregnant rats were orally given BPA (0, 0.04, 0.4, and 4 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day) from the first day of pregnancy to the 21st day of breastfeeding. Three-week-old male rat offspring were selected for an open-field experiment and a new object recognition experiment to evaluate the effect of BPA exposure on cognitive behavior. Furthermore, the role of GABA signaling markers in the cognition affected by BPA was investigated at the molecular level using western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The research demonstrated that BPA exposure impacted the behavior and memory of male rat offspring and elevated the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), GABA type A receptors subunit (GABAARα1), and GABA vesicle transporter (VGAT) in the hippocampus while decreasing the expression levels of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1). These findings indicate that the alteration in the expression of GABA signaling molecules may be one of the molecular mechanisms by which perinatal exposure to BPA leads to decreased learning and memory in male rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Kang
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Bai
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiling Liu
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Health Public, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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Zhao F, Li C, Zhuang Y, Yan Y, Gao Y, Behnisch T. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 ( Ask1) deficiency alleviates MPP +-induced impairment of evoked dopamine release in the mouse hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1288991. [PMID: 38414754 PMCID: PMC10896914 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1288991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system is susceptible to dysfunction in numerous neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition to motor symptoms, some PD patients may experience non-motor symptoms, including cognitive and memory deficits. A possible explanation for their manifestation is a disturbed pattern of dopamine release in brain regions involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. Therefore, investigating neuropathological alterations in dopamine release prior to neurodegeneration is imperative. This study aimed to characterize evoked hippocampal dopamine release and assess the impact of the neurotoxin MPP+ using a genetically encoded dopamine sensor and gene expression analysis. Additionally, considering the potential neuroprotective attributes demonstrated by apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) in various animal-disease-like models, the study also aimed to determine whether Ask1 knockdown restores MPP+-altered dopamine release in acute hippocampal slices. We applied variations of low- and high-frequency stimulation to evoke dopamine release within different hippocampal regions and discovered that acute application of MPP+ reduced the amount of dopamine released and hindered the recovery of dopamine release after repeated stimulation. In addition, we observed that Ask1 deficiency attenuated the detrimental effects of MPP+ on the recovery of dopamine release after repeated stimulation. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that genes associated with the synaptic pathways are involved in response to MPP+ exposure. Notably, Ask1 deficiency was found to downregulate the expression of Slc5a7, a gene encoding a sodium-dependent high-affinity choline transporter that regulates acetylcholine levels. Respective follow-up experiments indicated that Slc5a7 plays a role in Ask1 deficiency-mediated protection against MPP+ neurotoxicity. In addition, increasing acetylcholine levels using an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor could exacerbate the toxicity of MPP+. In conclusion, our data imply that the modulation of the dopamine-acetylcholine balance may be a crucial mechanism of action underlying the neuroprotective effects of Ask1 deficiency in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Spoto G, Di Rosa G, Nicotera AG. The Impact of Genetics on Cognition: Insights into Cognitive Disorders and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Pers Med 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38392589 PMCID: PMC10889941 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the complex relationship between genetics and cognition, specifically examining the impact of genetic variants, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), on cognitive functions and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on neurotransmitter regulation within the prefrontal cortex's dopaminergic circuits, this study emphasizes the role of genes like COMT, PRODH, and DRD in shaping executive functions and influencing conditions such as ADHD and schizophrenia. Additionally, it explores the significance of genetic factors in neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing the need for early identification to guide appropriate therapeutic interventions. This article also investigates polymorphisms in the transsulfuration pathway, revealing their association with cognitive impairment diseases. Computational analyses, including machine learning algorithms, are highlighted for their potential in predicting symptom severity in ADHD based on genetic variations. In conclusion, this article underscores the intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors in shaping cognitive outcomes, providing valuable insights for tailored treatments and a more comprehensive understanding of neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences & Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences & Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Neuparth-Sottomayor M, Pina CC, Morais TP, Farinha-Ferreira M, Abreu DS, Solano F, Mouro F, Good M, Sebastião AM, Di Giovanni G, Crunelli V, Vaz SH. Cognitive comorbidities of experimental absence seizures are independent of anxiety. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106275. [PMID: 37648038 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical absence seizures (ASs) are brief periods of lack of consciousness, associated with 2.5-4 Hz spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in the EEG, which are highly prevalent in children and teenagers. The majority of probands in these young epileptic cohorts show neuropsychological comorbidities, including cognitive, memory and mood impairments, even after the seizures are pharmacologically controlled. Similar cognition and memory deficits have been reported in different, but not all, genetic animal models of ASs. However, since these impairments are subtle and highly task-specific their presence may be confounded by an anxiety-like phenotype and no study has tested anxiety and memory in the same animals. Moreover, the majority of studies used non-epileptic inbred animals as the only control strain and this may have contributed to a misinterpretation of these behavioural results. To overcome these issues, here we used a battery of behavioural tests to compare anxiety and memory in the same animals from the well-established inbred model of Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), their inbred strain of Non-Epileptic Control (NEC) strain (that lack ASs) and normal outbred Wistar rats. We found that GAERS do not exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior and neophobia compared to both NEC and Wistar rats. In contrast, GAERS show decreased spontaneous alternation, spatial working memory and cross-modal object recognition compared to both NEC and Wistar rats. Furthermore, GAERS preferentially used egocentric strategies to perform spatial memory tasks. In summary, these results provide solid evidence of memory deficits in GAERS rats that do not depend on an anxiety or neophobic phenotype. Moreover, the presence of differences between NEC and Wistar rats stresses the need of using both outbred and inbred control rats in behavioural studies involving genetic models of ASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Neuparth-Sottomayor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina C Pina
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tatiana P Morais
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Farinha-Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Sofia Abreu
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Solano
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Mouro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Medina E, Peterson S, Ford K, Singletary K, Peixoto L. Critical periods and Autism Spectrum Disorders, a role for sleep. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100088. [PMID: 36632570 PMCID: PMC9826922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development relies on both experience and genetically defined programs. Time windows where certain brain circuits are particularly receptive to external stimuli, resulting in heightened plasticity, are referred to as "critical periods". Sleep is thought to be essential for normal brain development. Importantly, studies have shown that sleep enhances critical period plasticity and promotes experience-dependent synaptic pruning in the developing mammalian brain. Therefore, normal plasticity during critical periods depends on sleep. Problems falling and staying asleep occur at a higher rate in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relative to typical development. In this review, we explore the potential link between sleep, critical period plasticity, and ASD. First, we review the importance of critical period plasticity in typical development and the role of sleep in this process. Next, we summarize the evidence linking ASD with deficits in synaptic plasticity in rodent models of high-confidence ASD gene candidates. We then show that the high-confidence rodent models of ASD that show sleep deficits also display plasticity deficits. Given how important sleep is for critical period plasticity, it is essential to understand the connections between synaptic plasticity, sleep, and brain development in ASD. However, studies investigating sleep or plasticity during critical periods in ASD mouse models are lacking. Therefore, we highlight an urgent need to consider developmental trajectory in studies of sleep and plasticity in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Medina
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Sarah Peterson
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Ford
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Kristan Singletary
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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Yuruk D, Ozger C, Garzon JF, Leffler JM, Shekunov J, Vande Voort JL, Zaccariello MJ, Nakonezny PA, Croarkin PE. Sequential bilateral accelerated theta burst stimulation in adolescents with suicidal ideation associated with major depressive disorder: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280010. [PMID: 37053246 PMCID: PMC10101506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents worldwide. Previous research findings suggest that suicidal adolescents with depression have pathophysiological dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) deficits in γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission. Interventions with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) directly address these underlying pathophysiological deficits in the prefrontal cortex. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is newer dosing approach for TMS. Accelerated TBS (aTBS) involves administering multiple sessions of TMS daily as this dosing may be more efficient, tolerable, and rapid acting than standard TMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of sequential bilateral aTBS in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation. Three sessions are administered daily for 10 days. During each session, continuous TBS is administered first to the right DPFC, in which 1,800 pulses are delivered continuously over 120 seconds. Then intermittent TBS is applied to the left DPFC, in which 1,800 pulses are delivered in 2-second bursts and repeated every 10 seconds for 570 seconds. The TBS parameters were adopted from prior research, with 3-pulse, 50-Hz bursts given every 200 ms (at 5 Hz) with an intensity of 80% active motor threshold. The comparison group will receive 3 daily sessions of bilateral sham TBS treatment for 10 days. All participants will receive the standard of care for patients with depression and suicidal ideation including daily psychotherapeutic skill sessions. Long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) biomarkers will be measured before and after treatment. Exploratory measures will be collected with TMS and electroencephalography for biomarker development. DISCUSSION This is the first known randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of sequential bilateral aTBS for treating suicidal ideation in adolescents with MDD. Results from this study will also provide opportunities to further understand the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms of suicidal ideation in adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Investigational device exemption (IDE) Number: G200220, ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04701840). Registered August 6, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04502758?term=NCT04701840&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yuruk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Can Ozger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Juan F. Garzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jarrod M. Leffler
- Virginia Treatment Center for Children, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Julia Shekunov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Vande Voort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Children’s Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Zaccariello
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Children’s Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Nakonezny
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Children’s Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Wu MY, Zou WJ, Yu P, Yang Y, Li SJ, Liu Q, Xie J, Chen SQ, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Cranial irradiation impairs intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with implications for cognitive function. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2253-2259. [PMID: 35259846 PMCID: PMC9083168 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for head and neck tumors. However, patients often exhibit cognitive impairments following radiation therapy. Previous studies have revealed that hippocampal dysfunction, specifically abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuroinflammation, plays a key role in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. However, the long-term effects of radiation with respect to the electrophysiological adaptation of hippocampal neurons remain poorly characterized. We found that mice exhibited cognitive impairment 3 months after undergoing 10 minutes of cranial irradiation at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min. Furthermore, we observed a remarkable reduction in spike firing and excitatory synaptic input, as well as greatly enhanced inhibitory inputs, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Corresponding to the electrophysiological adaptation, we found reduced expression of synaptic plasticity marker VGLUT1 and increased expression of VGAT. Furthermore, in irradiated mice, long-term potentiation in the hippocampus was weakened and GluR1 expression was inhibited. These findings suggest that radiation can impair intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Investigating the Role of GABA in Neural Development and Disease Using Mice Lacking GAD67 or VGAT Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147965. [PMID: 35887307 PMCID: PMC9318753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal development and function of the central nervous system involves a balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Activity of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons is modulated by inhibitory signalling of the GABAergic and glycinergic systems. Mechanisms that regulate formation, maturation, refinement, and maintenance of inhibitory synapses are established in early life. Deviations from ideal excitatory and inhibitory balance, such as down-regulated inhibition, are linked with many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders. In the mammalian forebrain, GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, binding to GABA receptors, opening chloride channels and hyperpolarizing the cell. We review the involvement of down-regulated inhibitory signalling in neurological disorders, possible mechanisms for disease progression, and targets for therapeutic intervention. We conclude that transgenic models of disrupted inhibitory signalling—in GAD67+/− and VGAT−/− mice—are useful for investigating the effects of down-regulated inhibitory signalling in a range of neurological diseases.
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Bukina ES, Kondratyev NV, Kozin SV, Golimbet VE, Artyuhov AS, Dashinimaev EB. SLC6A1 and Neuropsychiatric Diseases: The Role of Mutations and Prospects for Treatment with Genome Editing Systems. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kubrusly RCC, da Rosa Valli T, Ferreira MNMR, de Moura P, Borges-Martins VPP, Martins RS, Ferreira DDP, Sathler MF, de Melo Reis RA, Ferreira GC, Manhães AC, Dos Santos Pereira M. Caffeine Improves GABA Transport in the Striatum of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1946-1958. [PMID: 34637050 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is an excellent animal model that mimics the behavioral and neurochemical phenotype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we characterized the striatal GABA transport of SHR and investigated whether caffeine, a non-selective antagonist of adenosine receptors, could influence GABAergic circuitry. For this purpose, ex vivo striatal slices of SHR and Wistar (control strain) on the 35th postnatal day were dissected and incubated with [3H]-GABA to quantify the basal levels of uptake and release. SHR exhibited a reduced [3H]-GABA uptake and release, suggesting a defective striatal GABAergic transport system. GAT-1 appears to be the primary transporter for [3H]-GABA uptake in SHR striatum, as GAT-1 selective blocker, NO-711, completely abolished it. We also verified that acute exposure of striatal slices to caffeine improved [3H]-GABA uptake and release in SHR, whereas Wistar rats were not affected. GABA-uptake increase and cAMP accumulation promoted by caffeine was reverted by A1R activation with N6-cyclohexyl adenosine (CHA). As expected, the pharmacological blockade of cAMP-PKA signaling by H-89 also prevented caffeine-mediated [3H]-GABA uptake increment. Interestingly, a single caffeine exposure did not affect GAT-1 or A1R protein density in SHR, which was not different from Wistar protein levels, suggesting that the GAT-1-dependent transport in SHR has a defective functional activity rather than lower protein expression. The current data support that caffeine regulates GAT-1 function and improves striatal GABA transport via A1R-cAMP-PKA signaling, specifically in SHR. These results reinforce that caffeine may have therapeutic use in disorders where the GABA transport system is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pâmella de Moura
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Robertta Silva Martins
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular E Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroenergética E Erros Inatos Do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Básica E Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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12
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Language Tasks and the Network Control Role of the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0382-20.2021. [PMID: 34244340 PMCID: PMC8431826 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0382-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has combined cognitive neuroscience and control theory to make predictions about cognitive control functions. Here, we test a link between whole-brain theories of semantics and the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in controlled language performance using network control theory (NCT), a branch of systems engineering. Specifically, we examined whether two properties of node controllability, boundary and modal controllability, were linked to semantic selection and retrieval on sentence completion and verb generation tasks. We tested whether the controllability of the left IFG moderated language selection and retrieval costs and the effects of continuous θ burst stimulation (cTBS), an inhibitory form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on behavior in 41 human subjects (25 active, 16 sham). We predicted that boundary controllability, a measure of the theoretical ability of a node to integrate and segregate brain networks, would be linked to word selection in the contextually-rich sentence completion task. In contrast, we expected that modal controllability, a measure of the theoretical ability of a node to drive the brain into specifically hard-to-reach states, would be linked to retrieval on the low-context verb generation task. Boundary controllability was linked to selection and to the ability of TMS to reduce response latencies on the sentence completion task. In contrast, modal controllability was not linked to performance on the tasks or TMS effects. Overall, our results suggest a link between the network integrating role of the LIFG and selection and the overall semantic demands of sentence completion.
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13
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Mermer F, Poliquin S, Rigsby K, Rastogi A, Shen W, Romero-Morales A, Nwosu G, McGrath P, Demerast S, Aoto J, Bilousova G, Lal D, Gama V, Kang JQ. Common molecular mechanisms of SLC6A1 variant-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders in astrocytes and neurons. Brain 2021; 144:2499-2512. [PMID: 34028503 PMCID: PMC8418336 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 6 member 1 (SLC6A1) is abundantly expressed in the developing brain even before the CNS is formed. Its encoded GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) is responsible for the reuptake of GABA into presynaptic neurons and glia, thereby modulating neurotransmission. GAT-1 is expressed globally in the brain, in both astrocytes and neurons. The GABA uptake function of GAT-1 in neurons cannot be compensated for by other GABA transporters, while the function in glia can be partially replaced by GABA transporter 3. Recently, many variants in SLC6A1 have been associated with a spectrum of epilepsy syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders, including myoclonic atonic epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy, autism, and intellectual disability, but the pathomechanisms associated with these phenotypes remain unclear. The presence of GAT-1 in both neurons and astrocytes further obscures the role of abnormal GAT-1 in the heterogeneous disease phenotype manifestations. Here we examine the impact on transporter trafficking and function of 22 SLC6A1 variants identified in patients with a broad spectrum of phenotypes. We also evaluate changes in protein expression and subcellular localization of the variant GAT-1 in various cell types, including neurons and astrocytes derived from human patient induced pluripotent stem cells. We found that a partial or complete loss-of-function represents a common disease mechanism, although the extent of GABA uptake reduction is variable. The reduced GABA uptake appears to be due to reduced cell surface expression of the variant transporter caused by variant protein misfolding, endoplasmic reticulum retention, and subsequent degradation. Although the extent of reduction of the total protein, surface protein, and the GABA uptake level of the variant transporters is variable, the loss of GABA uptake function and endoplasmic reticulum retention is consistent across induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell types, including astrocytes and neurons, for the surveyed variants. Interestingly, we did not find a clear correlation of GABA uptake function and the disease phenotypes, such as myoclonic atonic epilepsy versus developmental delay, in this study. Together, our study suggests that impaired transporter protein trafficking and surface expression are the major disease-associated mechanisms associated with pathogenic SLC6A1 variants. Our results resemble findings from pathogenic variants in other genes affecting the GABA pathway, such as GABAA receptors. This study provides critical insight into therapeutic developments for SLC6A1 variant-mediated disorders and implicates that boosting transporter function by either genetic or pharmacological approaches would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Mermer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah Poliquin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alejandra Romero-Morales
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gerald Nwosu
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Meharry Alliance Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Scott Demerast
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason Aoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ganna Bilousova
- Department of Dermatology, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cleveland Clinic Genomic Medicine Institute and Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing-Qiong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center of Human Development, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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14
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Abstract
GABAB receptors are implicated in numerous central nervous system-based behaviours and mechanisms, including cognitive processing in preclinical animal models. Homeostatic changes in the expression and function of these receptors across brain structures have been found to affect cognitive processing. Numerous preclinical studies have focused on the role of GABAB receptors in learning, memory and cognition per se with some interesting, although sometimes contradictory, findings. The majority of the existing clinical literature focuses on alterations in GABAB receptor function in conditions and disorders whose main symptomatology includes deficits in cognitive processing. The aim of this chapter is to delineate the role of GABAB receptors in cognitive processes in health and disease of animal models and human clinical populations. More specifically, this review aims to present literature on the role of GABAB receptors in animal models with cognitive deficits, especially those of learning and memory. Further, it aims to capture the progress and advances of research studies on the effects of GABAB receptor compounds in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions with cognitive dysfunctions. The neurodevelopmental conditions covered include autism spectrum disorders, fragile X syndrome and Down's syndrome and the neurodegenerative conditions discussed are Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and autoimmune anti-GABAB encephalitis. Although some findings are contradictory, results indicate a possible therapeutic role of GABAB receptor compounds for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and learning/memory impairments for some of these conditions, especially in neurodegeneration. Moreover, future research efforts should aim to develop selective GABAB receptor compounds with minimal, if any, side effects.
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15
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Rodrigues NC, Silva-Cruz A, Caulino-Rocha A, Bento-Oliveira A, Alexandre Ribeiro J, Cunha-Reis D. Hippocampal CA1 theta burst-induced LTP from weaning to adulthood: Cellular and molecular mechanisms in young male rats revisited. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5272-5292. [PMID: 34251729 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a highly studied cellular process, yet determining the transduction and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) pathways that are the essential versus modulatory for LTP elicited by theta burst stimulation (TBS) in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) area is still elusive, due to the use of different TBS intensities, patterns or different rodent/cellular models. We now characterised the developmental maturation and the transduction and GABAergic pathways required for mild TBS-induced LTP in hippocampal CA1 area in male rats. LTP induced by TBS (5x4) (five bursts of four pulses delivered at 100 Hz) lasted for up to 3 h and was increasingly larger from weaning to adulthood. Stronger TBS patterns - TBS (15x4) or three TBS (15x4) separated by 6 min induced nearly maximal LTP not being the best choice to study the value of LTP-enhancing drugs. LTP induced by TBS (5x4) in young adults was fully dependent on N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity but independent of protein kinase A (PKA) or protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Furthermore, it was partially dependent on GABAB receptor activation and was potentiated by GABAA receptor blockade and less by GAT-1 transporter blockade. AMPA GluA1 phosphorylation on Ser831 (CaMKII target) but not GluA1 Ser845 (PKA target) was essential for LTP expression. The phosphorylation of the Kv4.2 channel was observed at Ser438 (CaMKII target) but not at Thr602 or Thr607 (ERK/MAPK pathway target). This suggests that cellular kinases like PKA, PKC, or kinases of the ERK/MAPK family although important modulators of TBS (5x4)-induced LTP may not be essential for its expression in the CA1 area of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Silva-Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Unidade de Neurociências, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Caulino-Rocha
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Bento-Oliveira
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Alexandre Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Unidade de Neurociências, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Cunha-Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Unidade de Neurociências, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Tanqueiro SR, Mouro FM, Ferreira CB, Freitas CF, Fonseca-Gomes J, Simões do Couto F, Sebastião AM, Dawson N, Diógenes MJ. Sustained NMDA receptor hypofunction impairs brain-derived neurotropic factor signalling in the PFC, but not in the hippocampus, and disturbs PFC-dependent cognition in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:730-743. [PMID: 34008450 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211008560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits profoundly impact on the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia. Alterations in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, which regulates synaptic function through the activation of full-length tropomyosin-related kinase B receptors (TrkB-FL), are implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia, as is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) hypofunction. However, whether NMDA-R hypofunction contributes to the disrupted BDNF signalling seen in patients remains unknown. AIMS The purpose of this study was to characterise BDNF signalling and function in a preclinical rodent model relevant to schizophrenia induced by prolonged NMDA-R hypofunction. METHODS Using the subchronic phencyclidine (PCP) model, we performed electrophysiology approaches, molecular characterisation and behavioural analysis. RESULTS The data showed that prolonged NMDA-R antagonism, induced by subchronic PCP treatment, impairs long-term potentiation (LTP) and the facilitatory effect of BDNF upon LTP in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult mice. Additionally, TrkB-FL receptor expression is decreased in the PFC of these animals. By contrast, these changes were not present in the hippocampus of PCP-treated mice. Moreover, BDNF levels were not altered in the hippocampus or PFC of PCP-treated mice. Interestingly, these observations are paralleled by impaired performance in PFC-dependent cognitive tests in mice treated with PCP. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data suggest that NMDA-R hypofunction induces dysfunctional BDNF signalling in the PFC, but not in the hippocampus, which may contribute to the PFC-dependent cognitive deficits seen in the subchronic PCP model. Additionally, these data suggest that targeting BDNF signalling may be a mechanism to improve PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco M Mouro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina B Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Céline F Freitas
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico Simões do Couto
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Lee SH, Bolshakov VY, Shen J. Inactivation of Presenilin in inhibitory neurons results in decreased GABAergic responses and enhanced synaptic plasticity. Mol Brain 2021; 14:85. [PMID: 34034776 PMCID: PMC8152317 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Presenilin genes are the major genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presenilin (PS) is highly expressed in the hippocampus, which is particularly vulnerable in AD. Previous studies of PS function in the hippocampus, however, focused exclusively on excitatory neurons. Whether PS regulates inhibitory neuronal function remained unknown. In the current study, we investigate PS function in GABAergic neurons by performing whole-cell and field-potential electrophysiological recordings using acute hippocampal slices from inhibitory neuron-specific PS conditional double knockout (IN-PS cDKO) mice at 2 months of age, before the onset of age-dependent loss of interneurons. We found that the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) is reduced in hippocampal CA1 neurons of IN-PS cDKO mice, whereas the amplitude of sIPSCs is normal. Moreover, the efficacy of inhibitory neurotransmission as assessed with synaptic input/output relations for evoked mono- and di-synaptic IPSCs is markedly lowered in hippocampal CA1 neurons of IN-PS cDKO mice. Consistent with these findings, IN-PS cDKO mice display enhanced paired-pulse facilitation, frequency facilitation and long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway. Interestingly, depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by inhibition of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase results in a reduction of IPSC amplitude in control hippocampal neurons but not in IN-PS cDKO neurons, suggesting that impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis in the absence of PS may contribute to the deficiencies in inhibitory neurotransmission. Furthermore, the amplitude of IPSCs induced by short trains of presynaptic stimulation and paired-pulse ratio are decreased in IN-PS cDKO mice. These findings show that inactivation of PS in interneurons results in decreased GABAergic responses and enhanced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, providing additional evidence for the importance of PS in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vadim Y Bolshakov
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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18
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Percelay S, Billard JM, Freret T, Andrieux A, Boulouard M, Bouet V. Functional Dysregulations in CA1 Hippocampal Networks of a 3-Hit Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2644. [PMID: 33807989 PMCID: PMC7961987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better translation from treatment designs of schizophrenia to clinical efficiency, there is a crucial need to refine preclinical animal models. In order to consider the multifactorial nature of the disorder, a new mouse model associating three factors (genetic susceptibility-partial deletion of the MAP6 gene, early-life stress-maternal separation, and pharmacological treatment-chronic Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence) has recently been described. While this model depicts a schizophrenia-like phenotype, the neurobiological correlates remain unknown. Synaptic transmission and functional plasticity of the CA1 hippocampal region of male and female 3-hit mice were therefore investigated using electrophysiological recordings on the hippocampus slice. While basal excitatory transmission remained unaffected, NMDA receptor (NMDAr)-mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered by theta-burst (TBS) but not by high-frequency (HFS) stimulation was impaired in 3-hit mice. Isolated NMDAr activation was not affected or even increased in female 3-hit mice, revealing a sexual dimorphism. Considering that the regulation of LTP is more prone to inhibitory tone if triggered by TBS than by HFS, the weaker potentiation in 3-hit mice suggests a deficiency of intrinsic GABA regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, NMDAr activation was increased by GABAA receptor blockade in wild-type but not in 3-hit mice. This electrophysiological study highlights dysregulations of functional properties and plasticity in hippocampal networks of 3-hit mice, one of the mechanisms suspected to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It also shows differences between males and females, supporting the sexual dimorphism observed in the disorder. Combined with the previously reported study, the present data reinforce the face validity of the 3-hit model that will help to consider new therapeutic strategies for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Percelay
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Thomas Freret
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Inserm U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Michel Boulouard
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentine Bouet
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
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19
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Sears SM, Hewett SJ. Influence of glutamate and GABA transport on brain excitatory/inhibitory balance. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1069-1083. [PMID: 33554649 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221989263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimally functional brain requires both excitatory and inhibitory inputs that are regulated and balanced. A perturbation in the excitatory/inhibitory balance-as is the case in some neurological disorders/diseases (e.g. traumatic brain injury Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy and substance abuse) and disorders of development (e.g. schizophrenia, Rhett syndrome and autism spectrum disorder)-leads to dysfunctional signaling, which can result in impaired cognitive and motor function, if not frank neuronal injury. At the cellular level, transmission of glutamate and GABA, the principle excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system control excitatory/inhibitory balance. Herein, we review the synthesis, release, and signaling of GABA and glutamate followed by a focused discussion on the importance of their transport systems to the maintenance of excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Ms Sears
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, 2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Sandra J Hewett
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, 2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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20
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Rebelo MÂ, Gómez C, Gomes I, Poza J, Martins S, Maturana-Candelas A, Ruiz-Gómez SJ, Durães L, Sousa P, Figueruelo M, Rodríguez M, Pita C, Arenas M, Álvarez L, Hornero R, Pinto N, Lopes AM. Genome-Wide Scan for Five Brain Oscillatory Phenotypes Identifies a New QTL Associated with Theta EEG Band. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110870. [PMID: 33218114 PMCID: PMC7698967 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain waves, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), are a powerful tool in the investigation of neurophysiological traits and a noninvasive and cost-effective alternative in the diagnostic of some neurological diseases. In order to identify novel Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for brain wave relative power (RP), we collected resting state EEG data in five frequency bands (δ, θ, α, β1, and β2) and genome-wide data in a cohort of 105 patients with late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), 41 individuals with mild cognitive impairment and 45 controls from Iberia, correcting for disease status. One novel association was found with an interesting candidate for a role in brain wave biology, CLEC16A (C-type lectin domain family 16), with a variant at this locus passing the adjusted genome-wide significance threshold after Bonferroni correction. This finding reinforces the importance of immune regulation in brain function. Additionally, at a significance cutoff value of 5 × 10−6, 18 independent association signals were detected. These signals comprise brain expression Quantitative Loci (eQTLs) in caudate basal ganglia, spinal cord, anterior cingulate cortex and hypothalamus, as well as chromatin interactions in adult and fetal cortex, neural progenitor cells and hippocampus. Moreover, in the set of genes showing signals of association with brain wave RP in our dataset, there is an overrepresentation of loci previously associated with neurological traits and pathologies, evidencing the pleiotropy of the genetic variation modulating brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ângelo Rebelo
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.Â.R.); (I.G.); (S.M.); (A.M.L.)
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.-C.); (S.J.R.-G.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Iva Gomes
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.Â.R.); (I.G.); (S.M.); (A.M.L.)
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesús Poza
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.-C.); (S.J.R.-G.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sandra Martins
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.Â.R.); (I.G.); (S.M.); (A.M.L.)
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aarón Maturana-Candelas
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.-C.); (S.J.R.-G.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl J. Ruiz-Gómez
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.-C.); (S.J.R.-G.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Durães
- Associação Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Delegação Norte, 4455-301 Lavra, Portugal; (L.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Associação Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Delegação Norte, 4455-301 Lavra, Portugal; (L.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Manuel Figueruelo
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, 49021 Zamora, Spain; (M.F.); (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - María Rodríguez
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, 49021 Zamora, Spain; (M.F.); (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Carmen Pita
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, 49021 Zamora, Spain; (M.F.); (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Miguel Arenas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | | | - Roberto Hornero
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.-C.); (S.J.R.-G.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nádia Pinto
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.Â.R.); (I.G.); (S.M.); (A.M.L.)
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Matemática da, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Alexandra M. Lopes
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.Â.R.); (I.G.); (S.M.); (A.M.L.)
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Salazar AM, Leisgang AM, Ortiz AA, Murtishaw AS, Kinney JW. Alterations of GABA B receptors in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:129-143. [PMID: 33232936 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive decline of memory and cognitive function. The disease is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, tau tangles, altered inflammatory signaling, and alterations in numerous neurotransmitter signaling systems, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Given the extensive role of GABA in regulating neuronal activity, a careful investigation of GABA-related changes is needed. Further, given persistent inflammation has been demonstrated to drive AD pathology, the presence of GABA B receptor expressed on glia that serve a role regulation of the immune response adds to potential implications of altered GABA in AD. There has not previously been a systematic evaluation of GABA-related changes in an amyloid model of AD that specifically focuses on examining changes in GABA B receptors. In the present study, we examined alterations in several GABA-specific targets in the APP/PS1 mouse model at different ages. In the 4-month-old cohort, no significant deficits in spatial learning and memory or alterations in any of the GABAergic targets were observed compared with wild-type controls. However, we identified significant alterations in several GABA-related targets in the 6-month-old cohort that exhibited spatial learning deficits that include changes in glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, GABA transporter type 3, and GABA B receptors protein and mRNA levels. This was the same cohort at which learning and memory deficits and significant amyloid pathology was observed. Overall, our study provides evidence of altered GABAergic signaling in an amyloid model of AD at a time point consistent with AD-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold M Salazar
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Amanda M Leisgang
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrew A Ortiz
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrew S Murtishaw
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jefferson W Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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22
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A meta-analysis of gene expression data highlights synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus of brains with Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8384. [PMID: 32433480 PMCID: PMC7239885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the world population is ageing, dementia is going to be a growing concern. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is extensively studied, yet unknown remains. Therefore, we aimed to extract new knowledge from existing data. We analysed about 2700 upregulated genes and 2200 downregulated genes from three studies on the CA1 of the hippocampus of brains with Alzheimer’s disease. We found that only the calcium signalling pathway enriched by 48 downregulated genes was consistent between all three studies. We predicted miR-129 to target nine out of 48 genes. Then, we validated miR-129 to regulate six out of nine genes in HEK cells. We noticed that four out of six genes play a role in synaptic plasticity. Finally, we confirmed the upregulation of miR-129 in the hippocampus of brains of rats with scopolamine-induced amnesia as a model of Alzheimer’s disease. We suggest that future research should investigate the possible role of miR-129 in synaptic plasticity and Alzheimer’s disease. This paper presents a novel framework to gain insight into potential biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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23
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Łątka K, Jończyk J, Bajda M. γ-Aminobutyric acid transporters as relevant biological target: Their function, structure, inhibitors and role in the therapy of different diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)32987-1. [PMID: 32360967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. It plays a crucial role in many physiological processes. Upon release from the presynaptic element, it is removed from the synaptic cleft by reuptake due to the action of GABA transporters (GATs). GATs belong to a large SLC6 protein family whose characteristic feature is sodium-dependent relocation of neurotransmitters through the cell membrane. GABA transporters are characterized in many contexts, but their spatial structure is not fully known. They are divided into four types, which differ in occurrence and role. Herein, the special attention was paid to these transporting proteins. This comprehensive review presents the current knowledge about GABA transporters. Their distribution in the body, physiological functions and possible utilization in the therapy of different diseases were fully discussed. The important structural features were described based on published data, including sequence analysis, mutagenesis studies, and comparison with known SLC6 transporters for leucine (LeuT), dopamine (DAT) and serotonin (SERT). Moreover, the most important inhibitors of GABA transporters of various basic scaffolds, diverse selectivity and potency were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Łątka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Cracow, Medyczna 9, Poland
| | - Jakub Jończyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Cracow, Medyczna 9, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Cracow, Medyczna 9, Poland.
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24
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Lu NN, Tan C, Sun NH, Shao LX, Liu XX, Gao YP, Tao RR, Jiang Q, Wang CK, Huang JY, Zhao K, Wang GF, Liu ZR, Fukunaga K, Lu YM, Han F. Cholinergic Grb2-Associated-Binding Protein 1 Regulates Cognitive Function. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2391-2404. [PMID: 28591834 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Grb2-associated-binding protein 1 (Gab1) is a docking/scaffolding molecule known to play an important role in cell growth and survival. Here, we report that Gab1 is decreased in cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and in a mouse model of AD. In mice, selective ablation of Gab1 in cholinergic neurons in the medial septum impaired learning and memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation. Gab1 ablation also inhibited SK channels, leading to an increase in firing in septal cholinergic neurons. Gab1 overexpression, on the other hand, improved cognitive function and restored hippocampal CaMKII autorphosphorylation in AD mice. These results suggest that Gab1 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of AD and may represent a novel therapeutic target for diseases involving cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning-He Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Shao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin-Ping Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong-Rong Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji-Yun Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Fa Wang
- Department of PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Department of Neurobiology,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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De Sanctis C, Bellenchi GC, Viggiano D. A meta-analytic approach to genes that are associated with impaired and elevated spatial memory performance. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:508-516. [PMID: 29395873 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spatial memory deficits are a common hallmark of psychiatric conditions, possibly due to a genetic predisposition. Thus, unravelling the relationship between genes and memory might suggest novel therapeutic targets and pathogenetic pathways. Genetic deletions are known to lead to memory deficits (post-deletion "forgetfulness" genes, PDF), or, in few instances to improve spatial memory (post-deletion "hypermnesic" genes, PDH). To assess this topic, we performed a meta-analytic approach on memory behavior in knock-out mice. We screened 300 studies from PubMed and retrieved 87 genes tested for possible effects on spatial memory. This database was crossed with the Allen Brain Atlas (brain distribution) and the Enrichr (gene function) databases. The results show that PDF genes have higher expression level in several ventral brain structures, particularly the encephalic trunk and in the hypothalamus. Moreover, part of these genes are implicated in synaptic functions. Conversely, the PDH genes are associated to G-protein coupled receptors downstream signalling. Some candidate drugs were also found to interfere with some of the PDH genes, further suggesting that this approach might help in identifying drugs to improve memory performance in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Sanctis
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
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26
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Mango D, Nisticò R, Furlan R, Finardi A, Centonze D, Mori F. PDGF Modulates Synaptic Excitability and Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:726-733. [PMID: 29392518 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of synaptic plasticity reserve is crucial to contrast clinical deterioration in MS and PDGF plays a key role in this phenomenon. Indeed, higher cerebrospinal fluid PDGF concentration correlates with improved clinical recovery after a relapse, and the amplitude of LTP-like cortical plasticity in relapsing-remitting MS patients. However, LTP-like cortical plasticity varies depending on the individual level of inhibitory cortical circuits. Aim of this study was to explore whether PDGF-CSF concentration correlates with inhibitory cortical circuits explored by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients affected by relapsing-remitting MS. We further performed electrophysiological experiments evaluating GABAergic transmission in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) hippocampus. Our results reveal that increased CSF PDGF concentration correlates with decreased short afferent inhibition in the motor cortex in MS patients and decreased GABAergic activity in EAE. These findings show that PDGF affects GABAergic activity both in MS patients and in EAE hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mango
- Neuropharmacology Unit, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Neuropharmacology Unit, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Units, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. .,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Mori
- Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Units, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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27
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Towards a Better Understanding of GABAergic Remodeling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081813. [PMID: 28825683 PMCID: PMC5578199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. In the past, there has been a major research drive focused on the dysfunction of the glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is now growing evidence in support of a GABAergic contribution to the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies paint a complex, convoluted and often inconsistent picture of AD-associated GABAergic remodeling. Given the importance of the GABAergic system in neuronal function and homeostasis, in the maintenance of the excitatory/inhibitory balance, and in the processes of learning and memory, such changes in GABAergic function could be an important factor in both early and later stages of AD pathogenesis. Given the limited scope of currently available therapies in modifying the course of the disease, a better understanding of GABAergic remodeling in AD could open up innovative and novel therapeutic opportunities.
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28
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Llorente-Ovejero A, Manuel I, Giralt MT, Rodríguez-Puertas R. Increase in cortical endocannabinoid signaling in a rat model of basal forebrain cholinergic dysfunction. Neuroscience 2017; 362:206-218. [PMID: 28827178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic pathways progressively degenerate during the progression of Alzheimer's disease, leading to an irreversible impairment of memory and thinking skills. The stereotaxic lesion with 192IgG-saporin in the rat brain has been used to eliminate basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and is aimed at emulating the cognitive damage described in this disease in order to explore its effects on behavior and on neurotransmission. Learning and memory processes that are controlled by cholinergic neurotransmission are also modulated by the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the eCB signaling in relation to the memory impairment induced in adult rats following a specific cholinergic lesion of the basal forebrain. Therefore, CB1 receptor-mediated signaling was analyzed using receptor and functional autoradiography, and cellular distribution by immunofluorescence. The passive avoidance test and histochemical data revealed a relationship between impaired behavioral responses and a loss of approximately 75% of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM), accompanied by cortical cholinergic denervation. The decrease in CB1 receptor density observed in the hippocampus, together with hyperactivity of eCB signaling in the NBM and cortex, suggest an interaction between the eCB and cholinergic systems. Moreover, following basal forebrain cholinergic denervation, the presynaptic GABAergic immunoreactivity was reduced in cortical areas. In conclusion, CB1 receptors present in presynaptic GABAergic terminals in the hippocampus are down regulated, but not those in cortical glutamatergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Llorente-Ovejero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iván Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Giralt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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29
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Yuan FF, Gu X, Huang X, Zhong Y, Wu J. SLC6A1 gene involvement in susceptibility to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A case-control study and gene-environment interaction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:202-208. [PMID: 28442423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early onset childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with an estimated heritability of approximately 76%. We conducted a case-control study to explore the role of the SLC6A1 gene in ADHD. The genotypes of eight variants were determined using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. The participants in the study were 302 children with ADHD and 411 controls. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire. In our study, rs2944366 was consistently shown to be associated with the ADHD risk in the dominant model (odds ratio [OR]=0.554, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.404-0.760), and nominally associated with Hyperactive index score (P=0.027). In addition, rs1170695 has been found to be associated with the ADHD risk in the addictive model (OR=1.457, 95%CI=1.173-1.809), while rs9990174 was associated with the Hyperactive index score (P=0.010). Intriguingly, gene-environmental interactions analysis consistently revealed the potential interactions of rs1170695 with blood lead (Pmul=0.044) to modify the ADHD risk. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis suggested that these positive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may mediate SLC6A1 gene expression. Therefore, our results suggest that selected SLC6A1 gene variants may have a significant effect on the ADHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Yan W, Li L, Li G, Zhao S. Microcystin-LR induces changes in the GABA neurotransmitter system of zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 188:170-176. [PMID: 28535436 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that exposure to microcystins altered adult zebrafish swimming performance parameters, but the possible mechanisms of action remain unknown. Neuronal activity depends on the balance between the number of excitatory and inhibitory processes which are associated with neurotransmitters. In the present study, zebrafish embryos (5 d post-fertilization) were exposed to 0, 0.3, 3 and 30μg/L (microcystin-LR) MCLR for 90day until reaching sexual maturity. To investigate the effects of MCLR on the neurotransmitter system, mRNA levels involved in amino acid g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate metabolic pathways were tested using quantitative real-time PCR. Significant increase of GABAA receptor, alpha 1 (gabra1), glutamate decarboxylase (gad1b), glutaminase (glsa) and reduction of mRNA expression of GABA transporter (gat1) at transcriptional level were observed in the brain. Meanwhile, western blotting showed that the protein levels of gabra1, gad1b were induced by MCLR, whereas the expression of gat1 was decreased. In addition, MCLR induced severe damage to cerebrum ultrastructure, showing edematous and collapsed myelinated nerve fibers, distention of endoplasmic reticulum and swelling mitochondria. Our results suggested that MCLR showed neurotoxicity in zebrafish which might attribute to the disorder of GABA neurotransmitter pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards & Testing Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sujuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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31
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Zhang Y, Gao B, Zheng F, Lu S, Li Y, Xiong Y, Yang Q, Yang Y, Fu P, Xiao F, Wang X. The Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor PF-2545920 Enhances Hippocampal Excitability and Seizure Activity Involving the Upregulation of GluA1 and NR2A in Post-synaptic Densities. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:100. [PMID: 28439226 PMCID: PMC5383654 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase regulates the homeostasis of cAMP and cGMP, which increase the strength of excitatory neural circuits and/or decrease inhibitory synaptic plasticity. Abnormally, synchronized synaptic transmission in the brain leads to seizures. A phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor PF-2545920 has recently attracted attention as a potential therapy for neurological and psychiatric disorders. We hypothesized that PF-2545920 plays an important role in status epilepticus (SE) and investigated the underlying mechanisms. PDE10A was primarily located in neurons, and PDE10A expression increased significantly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. PF-2545920 enhanced the hyperexcitability of pyramidal neurons in rat CA1, as measured by the frequency of action potentials and miniature excitatory post-synaptic current. GluA1 and NR2A expression also increased significantly in post-synaptic densities, with or without SE in rats treated with PF-2545920. The ratio of p-GluA1/GluA1 increased in the presence of PF-2545920 in groups with SE. Our results suggest that PF-2545920 facilitates seizure activity via the intracellular redistribution of GluA1 and NR2A in the hippocampus. The upregulation of p-GluA1 may play an important role in trafficking GluA1 to post-synaptic densities. The data suggest it would be detrimental to use the drug in seizure patients and might cause neuronal hyperexcitability in non-epileptic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Baobing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General HospitalChongqing, China
| | - Fangshuo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Fu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of NeurologyChongqing, China
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32
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Dynamic hub load predicts cognitive decline after resective neurosurgery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42117. [PMID: 28169349 PMCID: PMC5294457 DOI: 10.1038/srep42117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resective neurosurgery carries the risk of postoperative cognitive deterioration. The concept of ‘hub (over)load’, caused by (over)use of the most important brain regions, has been theoretically postulated in relation to symptomatology and neurological disease course, but lacks experimental confirmation. We investigated functional hub load and postsurgical cognitive deterioration in patients undergoing lesion resection. Patients (n = 28) underwent resting-state magnetoencephalography and neuropsychological assessments preoperatively and 1-year after lesion resection. We calculated stationary hub load score (SHub) indicating to what extent brain regions linked different subsystems; high SHub indicates larger processing pressure on hub regions. Dynamic hub load score (DHub) assessed its variability over time; low values, particularly in combination with high SHub values, indicate increased load, because of consistently high usage of hub regions. Hypothetically, increased SHub and decreased DHub relate to hub overload and thus poorer/deteriorating cognition. Between time points, deteriorating verbal memory performance correlated with decreasing upper alpha DHub. Moreover, preoperatively low DHub values accurately predicted declining verbal memory performance. In summary, dynamic hub load relates to cognitive functioning in patients undergoing lesion resection: postoperative cognitive decline can be tracked and even predicted using dynamic hub load, suggesting it may be used as a prognostic marker for tailored treatment planning.
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Diwakarla S, Nylander E, Grönbladh A, Vanga SR, Shamsudin Y, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Sävmarker J, Ng L, Pham V, Lundbäck T, Jenmalm-Jensen A, Svensson R, Artursson P, Zelleroth S, Engen K, Rosenström U, Larhed M, Åqvist J, Chai SY, Hallberg M. Aryl Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase Enhance Spine Density in Primary Hippocampal Neuron Cultures. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1383-1392. [PMID: 27501164 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc metallopeptidase insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), which is highly expressed in the hippocampus and other brain regions associated with cognitive function, has been identified as a high-affinity binding site of the hexapeptide angiotensin IV (Ang IV). This hexapeptide is thought to facilitate learning and memory by binding to the catalytic site of IRAP to inhibit its enzymatic activity. In support of this hypothesis, low molecular weight, nonpeptide specific inhibitors of IRAP have been shown to enhance memory in rodent models. Recently, it was demonstrated that linear and macrocyclic Ang IV-derived peptides can alter the shape and increase the number of dendritic spines in hippocampal cultures, properties associated with enhanced cognitive performance. After screening a library of 10 500 drug-like substances for their ability to inhibit IRAP, we identified a series of low molecular weight aryl sulfonamides, which exhibit no structural similarity to Ang IV, as moderately potent IRAP inhibitors. A structural and biological characterization of three of these aryl sulfonamides was performed. Their binding modes to human IRAP were explored by docking calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations and binding affinity estimations using the linear interaction energy method. Two alternative binding modes emerged from this analysis, both of which correctly rank the ligands according to their experimental binding affinities for this series of compounds. Finally, we show that two of these drug-like IRAP inhibitors can alter dendritic spine morphology and increase spine density in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leelee Ng
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vi Pham
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute , 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Annika Jenmalm-Jensen
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute , 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siew Yeen Chai
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Ge YX, Tian XZ, Lin YY, Liu XY. Chronic treatment with levetiracetam reverses deficits in hippocampal LTP in vivo in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:194-200. [PMID: 27345386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the common form of epilepsy in adults, often displays complex partial seizures and cognitive deficits. The underlying mechanisms of such deficits are not yet well understood. Many contributing factors, such as initial epileptogenic lesion, seizure type, age of onset, and treatment side effects have been proposed. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel anti-epileptic drug (AED) used to treat partial seizures and idiopathic generalized epilepsy. It has been suggested that LEV exerts antiepileptic properties by modulation of synaptic release of neurotransmitters. However, its neuroprotective effects on learning and memory are not yet well demonstrated. Here we showed the impairment of spatial memory in the pilocarpine-induced experimental TLE rats, which can be improved by LEV. Furthermore, we found chronic LEV treatment partially reversed the SE-induced synaptic dysfunction in hippocampal LTP induction in vivo. In addition, LEV treatment can alleviate the SE-induced abnormal GluR1 phosphorylation at Ser(831) site, which may contribute to the rescue of synaptic transmission. These results indicate the neuroprotective role for LEV while it exhibits an antiseizure effect on experimental epileptic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xing Ge
- Department of Neurology, Tongji University Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, 200072 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiang-Zhu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji University Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, 200072 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji University Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, 200072 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji University Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, 200072 Shanghai, PR China.
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35
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Liu MG, Li HS, Li WG, Wu YJ, Deng SN, Huang C, Maximyuk O, Sukach V, Krishtal O, Zhu MX, Xu TL. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a contributes to hippocampal LTP inducibility through multiple mechanisms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23350. [PMID: 26996240 PMCID: PMC4800407 DOI: 10.1038/srep23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact roles of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in synaptic plasticity remain elusive. Here, we address the contribution of ASIC1a to five forms of synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus using an in vitro multi-electrode array recording system. We found that genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of ASIC1a greatly reduced, but did not fully abolish, the probability of long-term potentiation (LTP) induction by either single or repeated high frequency stimulation or theta burst stimulation in the CA1 region. However, these treatments did not affect hippocampal long-term depression induced by low frequency electrical stimulation or (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine. We also show that ASIC1a exerts its action in hippocampal LTP through multiple mechanisms that include but are not limited to augmentation of NMDA receptor function. Taken together, these results reveal new insights into the role of ASIC1a in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the underlying mechanisms. This unbiased study also demonstrates a novel and objective way to assay synaptic plasticity mechanisms in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Liu
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hu-Song Li
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei-Guang Li
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200129, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Wu
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shi-Ning Deng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200129, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Oleksandr Maximyuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, 4 Bogomoletz Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Sukach
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, 4 Bogomoletz Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Krishtal
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, 4 Bogomoletz Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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36
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Chen F, du Jardin KG, Waller JA, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G. Vortioxetine promotes early changes in dendritic morphology compared to fluoxetine in rat hippocampus. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:234-245. [PMID: 26711685 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies reveal that the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine enhances long-term potentiation and dendritic branching compared to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). In the present study, we investigated vortioxetine׳s effects on spines and dendritic morphology in rat hippocampus at two time points compared to the SSRI, fluoxetine. Rats were dosed for 1 and 4 weeks with vortioxetine and fluoxetine at doses relevant for antidepressant activity. Dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons (i.e., dendritic length, dendritic branch, spine number and density, and Sholl analysis) was examined in Golgi-stained sections from hippocampal CA1. After 1 week of treatment, vortioxetine significantly increased spine number (apical and basal dendrites), spine density (only basal), dendritic length (only apical), and dendritic branch number (apical and basal), whereas fluoxetine had no effect. After 4 weeks of treatment, vortioxetine significantly increased all measures of dendritic spine morphology as did fluoxetine except for spine density of basal dendrites. The number of intersections in the apical and basal dendrites was also significantly increased for both treatments after 4 weeks compared to control. In addition, 4 weeks of vortioxetine treatment, but not fluoxetine, promoted a decrease in spine neck length. In conclusion, 1-week vortioxetine treatment induced changes in spine number and density and dendritic morphology, whereas an equivalent dose of fluoxetine had no effects. Decreased spine neck length following 4-week vortioxetine treatment suggests a transition to mature spine morphology. This implies that vortioxetine׳s effects on spine and dendritic morphology are mediated by mechanisms that go beyond serotonin reuptake inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Gaarn du Jardin
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
| | - Jessica A Waller
- Sourcing and Scientific Excellence at Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ 07652-1431, USA
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark; Sourcing and Scientific Excellence at Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ 07652-1431, USA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark; Centre for Pharmaceutical Excellence, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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37
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Role of GABA(B) receptors in learning and memory and neurological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:1-28. [PMID: 26814961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is evident from the literature that altered GABAB receptor function does affect behavior, these results often do not correspond well. These differences could be due to the task protocol, animal strain, ligand concentration, or timing of administration utilized. Because several clinical populations exhibit learning and memory deficits in addition to altered markers of GABA and the GABAB receptor, it is important to determine whether altered GABAB receptor function is capable of contributing to the deficits. The aim of this review is to examine the effect of altered GABAB receptor function on synaptic plasticity as demonstrated by in vitro data, as well as the effects on performance in learning and memory tasks. Finally, data regarding altered GABA and GABAB receptor markers within clinical populations will be reviewed. Together, the data agree that proper functioning of GABAB receptors is crucial for numerous learning and memory tasks and that targeting this system via pharmaceuticals may benefit several clinical populations.
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38
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Diwakarla S, Nylander E, Grönbladh A, Vanga SR, Khan YS, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Ng L, Pham V, Sävmarker J, Lundbäck T, Jenmalm-Jensen A, Andersson H, Engen K, Rosenström U, Larhed M, Åqvist J, Chai SY, Hallberg M. Binding to and Inhibition of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase by Macrocyclic Disulfides Enhances Spine Density. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:413-24. [PMID: 26769413 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin IV (Ang IV) and related peptide analogs, as well as nonpeptide inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), have previously been shown to enhance memory and cognition in animal models. Furthermore, the endogenous IRAP substrates oxytocin and vasopressin are known to facilitate learning and memory. In this study, the two recently synthesized 13-membered macrocyclic competitive IRAP inhibitors HA08 and HA09, which were designed to mimic the N terminus of oxytocin and vasopressin, were assessed and compared based on their ability to bind to the IRAP active site, and alter dendritic spine density in rat hippocampal primary cultures. The binding modes of the IRAP inhibitors HA08, HA09, and of Ang IV in either the extended or γ-turn conformation at the C terminus to human IRAP were predicted by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies calculated with the linear interaction energy method, which are in excellent agreement with experimental data and simulations, have been used to explain the differences in activities of the IRAP inhibitors, both of which are structurally very similar, but differ only with regard to one stereogenic center. In addition, we show that HA08, which is 100-fold more potent than the epimer HA09, can enhance dendritic spine number and alter morphology, a process associated with memory facilitation. Therefore, HA08, one of the most potent IRAP inhibitors known today, may serve as a suitable starting point for medicinal chemistry programs aided by MD simulations aimed at discovering more drug-like cognitive enhancers acting via augmenting synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Diwakarla
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erik Nylander
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sudarsana Reddy Vanga
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yasmin Shamsudin Khan
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leelee Ng
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vi Pham
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annika Jenmalm-Jensen
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hanna Andersson
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Engen
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mats Larhed
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Johan Åqvist
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Siew Yeen Chai
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence (S.D., E.N., A.G., M.H.), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (S.R.V., Y.S.K., H.G.T., J.A.), The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry (H.A., K.E., U.R.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry (M.L.), BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.L., A.J.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology (L.N., V.P., S.Y.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Hyperactivity and impaired attention in Gamma aminobutyric acid transporter subtype 1 gene knockout mice. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:368-74. [PMID: 26072958 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioural disorder. It is conceivable that Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission is implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD. This study investigated the effect of GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) on the anxiety-like behaviours and cognitive function in knockout mice. METHODS In all, 20 adult male mice were divided into two groups: wild-type (WT) group and GAT-1-/- group. The open field test, elevated O-maze (EZM) and Morris water maze were used to evaluate behavioural traits relevant to ADHD. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, the GAT-1-/- mice travelled longer and displayed an enhanced kinematic velocity with the significant reduction of rest time in the open field test (p<0.05). The EZM showed that GAT-1-/- mice displayed a significant increase in total entries into the open sectors and the closed sectors compared with the WT mice. The WT mice showed shorter latencies after the training session (p<0.01), whereas the GAT-1-/- mice made no difference during probe test, the GAT-1-/- mice spent less time in the target quadrant (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that GAT-1-/- mice have phenotypes of hyperactivity, impaired sustained attention and learning deficiency, and the performance of GAT-1-/- mice is similar to ADHD symptoms. So, the study of the GAT-1-/- mice may provide new insights into the mechanisms and the discovery of novel therapeutics for the treatment of ADHD.
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Region-specific effects of repeated ketamine administration on the presynaptic GABAergic neurochemistry in rat brain. Neurochem Int 2015; 91:13-25. [PMID: 26492822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that clinical use of ketamine as a promising antidepressant can be accompanied by psychotic-like side effects. Although, the generation of such effects is thought to be attributed to dysfunction of prefrontal GABAergic interneurons, the mechanism underlying ketamine's propsychotic-like action is not fully understood. Due to wide spectrum of behavioral abnormalities, it is hypothesized that ketamine action is not limited to only cortical GABA metabolism but may also involve alterations in other functional brain areas. To test it, we treated rats with ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days, and next we analyzed GABA metabolizing enzymes in cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum. Our results demonstrated that diminished GAD67 expression in cortex, cerebellum (by ∼60%) and in hippocampus (by ∼40%) correlated with lowered protein level in these areas. The expression of GAD65 isoform decreased by ∼45% in striatum, but pronounced increase by ∼90% was observed in hippocampus. Consecutively, reduction in glutamate decarboxylase activity and GABA concentration were detected in cortex, cerebellum and striatum, but not in hippocampus. Ketamine administration decreased GABA transaminase protein in cortex and striatum (by ∼50% and 30%, respectively), which was reflected in diminished activity of the enzyme. Also, a significant drop in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity in cortex, cerebellum and striatum was present. These data suggest a reduced utilization of GABA for energetic purposes. In addition, we observed synaptic GABA release to be reduced by ∼30% from striatal terminals. It correlated with lowered KCl-induced Ca(2+) influx and decreased amount of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel. Our results indicate that unique changes in GABA metabolism triggered by chronic ketamine treatment in functionally distinct brain regions may be involved in propsychotic-like effects of this drug.
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Abstract
This review covers the spatial and temporal rules governing induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) by theta-burst stimulation. Induction of LTP in field CA1 by high frequency stimulation bursts that resemble the burst discharges (complex-spikes) of hippocampal pyramidal neurons involves a multiple-step mechanism. A single burst is insufficient for LTP induction because it evokes both excitatory and inhibitory currents that partially cancel and limit postsynaptic depolarization. Bursts repeated at the frequency (~5 Hz) of the endogenous theta rhythm induce maximal LTP, primarily because this frequency disables feed-forward inhibition and allows sufficient postsynaptic depolarization to activate voltage-sensitive NMDA receptors. The disinhibitory process, referred to as "priming", involves presynaptic GABA autoreceptors that inhibit GABA release. Activation of NMDA receptors allows a calcium flux into dendritic spines that serves as the proximal trigger for LTP. We include new data showing that theta-burst stimulation is more efficient than other forms of stimulation for LTP induction. In addition, we demonstrate that associative interactions between synapses activated during theta-bursts are limited to major dendritic domains since such interactions occur within apical or basal dendritic trees but not between them. We review evidence that recordings of electrophysiological responses during theta burst stimulation can help to determine if experimental manipulations that affect LTP do so by affecting events antecedent to the induction process, such as NMDA receptor activation, or downstream signaling cascades that result from postsynaptic calcium fluxes. Finally, we argue that theta-burst LTP represents a minimal model for stable, non-decremental LTP that is more sensitive to a variety of experimental manipulations than is LTP induced by other stimulation paradigms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Larson
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
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GONG XUE, SHAO YIYE, LI BING, CHEN LONG, WANG CUICUI, CHEN YINGHUI. γ-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 is involved in anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function in knockout mice. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:653-658. [PMID: 26622370 PMCID: PMC4509144 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT-1) on the anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function in knockout mice. In total, 20 adult male mice were divided into two groups, namely the GAT-1 knockout (GAT-1-/-) and wild-type (WT) groups. The open field test, elevated 0-maze (EZM) and Morris water maze were used to evaluate changes in anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function. Compared with the WT mice, GAT-1-/- mice made more entries and spent a longer time within the central area, traveling a greater distance, during the open field test (P<0.05). The EZM revealed that GAT-1-/- mice spent more time in the open sectors and made more total entries when compared with the WT mice (P<0.01). Observations from the two tests indicated reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the GAT-1-/- mice. During the learning session using a Morris water maze, the latency to find the platform was significantly longer in the GAT-1-/- mice when compared with the WT mice (P<0.01). In addition, during the probe test, the GAT-1-/- mice spent less time in the target quadrant and more time in the opposite quadrant when compared with the WT mice (P<0.01); thus, the cognitive function in the GAT-1-/- mice was impaired. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the anxiety-like behaviors were reduced and cognitive function was impaired in GAT-1 knockout mice, indicating that GAT-1 is involved in anxiety and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- XUE GONG
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - YIYE SHAO
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - BING LI
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - LONG CHEN
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - CUICUI WANG
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - YINGHUI CHEN
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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The effect of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitor, tiagabine, on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1155-62. [PMID: 26481535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic neurotransmission is involved in long-term potentiation, a neurophysiological basis for learning and memory. On the other hand, GABA-enhancing drugs may impair memory and learning in humans and animals. The present study aims at investigating the effect of GAT1 inhibitor tiagabine on memory and learning. METHODS Albino Swiss (CD-1) and C57BL/6J mice were used in the passive avoidance (PA), Morris water maze (MWM) and radial arm water maze (RAWM) tasks. Scopolamine (1mg/kg ip) was applied to induce cognitive deficits. RESULTS In the retention trial of PA scopolamine reduced step-through latency as compared to vehicle-treated mice, and pretreatment with tiagabine did not have any influence on this effect. In MWM the results obtained for vehicle-treated mice, scopolamine-treated group and combined scopolamine+tiagabine-treated mice revealed variable learning abilities in these groups. Tiagabine did not impair learning in the acquisition trial. In RAWM on day 1 scopolamine-treated group made nearly two-fold more errors than vehicle-treated mice and mice that received combined scopolamine and tiagabine. Learning abilities in the latter group were similar to those of vehicle-treated mice in the corresponding trial block on day 1, except for the last trial block, during which tiagabine+scopolamine-injected mice made more errors than control mice and the scopolamine-treated group. In all groups a complete reversal of memory deficits was observed in the last trial block of day 2. CONCLUSIONS The lack of negative influence of tiagabine on cognitive functions in animals with scopolamine-induced memory impairments may be relevant for patients treated with this drug.
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Liu L, Mao D, Liu L, Huang Y, Bo T. Effects of progesterone on glutamate transporter 2 and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 expression in the developing rat brain after recurrent seizures. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:2036-42. [PMID: 25624835 PMCID: PMC4296423 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.26.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures were induced by flurothyl inhalation. Rats were intramuscularly treated with progesterone after each seizure. Results demonstrated that glutamate transporter 2 and γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 expression levels were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the developing rat brain following recurrent seizures. After progesterone treatment, glutamate transporter 2 protein expression was upregulated, but γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 levels decreased. These results suggest that glutamate transporter 2 and γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 are involved in the pathological processes of epilepsy. Progesterone can help maintain a balance between excitatory and inhibitory systems by modulating the amino acid transporter system, and protect the developing brain after recurrent seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dingan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Disruption of medial prefrontal synchrony in the subchronic phencyclidine model of schizophrenia in rats. Neuroscience 2014; 287:157-63. [PMID: 25542422 PMCID: PMC4317768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Subchronic PCP pretreatment reduced theta oscillations in medial prefrontal cortex. Subchronic PCP pretreatment produced abnormal cortical synchronization in putative cortical pyramidal cells. Subchronic PCP pretreatment produced abnormal locking of cortical spikes to lower oscillation frequencies.
Subchronic treatment with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) produces behavioral abnormalities in rodents which are considered a reliable pharmacological model of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Alterations in prefrontal neuronal firing after acute PCP administration have been observed, however enduring changes in prefrontal activity after subchronic PCP treatment have not been studied. To address this we have recorded cortical oscillations and unit responses in putative cortical pyramidal cells in subchronic PCP-treated rats (2 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days) under urethane anesthesia. We found that this regimen reduced theta oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex. It further produced abnormal cortical synchronization in putative cortical pyramidal cells. These alterations in prefrontal cortex functioning may contribute to cognitive deficits seen in subchronic NMDA antagonist pre-treated animals in prefrontal-dependent tasks.
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Yu Y, Cao DQ, Xu HY, Sun M, Huang ZL, Yung WH, Lu N, Huang Y. 5-HT3A receptors are required in long-term depression and AMPA receptor internalization. Neuroscience 2014; 278:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cash RFH, Murakami T, Chen R, Thickbroom GW, Ziemann U. Augmenting Plasticity Induction in Human Motor Cortex by Disinhibition Stimulation. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:58-69. [PMID: 25100853 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular studies showed that disinhibition, evoked pharmacologically or by a suitably timed priming stimulus, can augment long-term plasticity (LTP) induction. We demonstrated previously that transcranial magnetic stimulation evokes a period of presumably GABA(B)ergic late cortical disinhibition (LCD) in human primary motor cortex (M1). Here, we hypothesized that, in keeping with cellular studies, LCD can augment LTP-like plasticity in humans. In Experiment 1, patterned repetitive TMS was applied to left M1, consisting of 6 trains (intertrain interval, 8 s) of 4 doublets (interpulse interval equal to individual peak I-wave facilitation, 1.3-1.5 ms) spaced by the individual peak LCD (interdoublet interval (IDI), 200-250 ms). This intervention (total of 48 pulses applied over ∼45 s) increased motor-evoked potential amplitude, a marker of corticospinal excitability, in a right hand muscle by 147% ± 4%. Control experiments showed that IDIs shorter or longer than LCD did not result in LTP-like plasticity. Experiment 2 indicated topographic specificity to the M1 hand region stimulated by TMS and duration of the LTP-like plasticity of 60 min. In conclusion, GABA(B)ergic LCD offers a powerful new approach for augmenting LTP-like plasticity induction in human cortex. We refer to this protocol as disinhibition stimulation (DIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F H Cash
- Australian Neuro-Muscular Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takenobu Murakami
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary W Thickbroom
- Australian Neuro-Muscular Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
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Nava-Mesa MO, Jiménez-Díaz L, Yajeya J, Navarro-Lopez JD. GABAergic neurotransmission and new strategies of neuromodulation to compensate synaptic dysfunction in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:167. [PMID: 24987334 PMCID: PMC4070063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline, brain atrophy due to neuronal and synapse loss, and formation of two pathological lesions: extracellular amyloid plaques, composed largely of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Lesions mainly accumulate in brain regions that modulate cognitive functions such as the hippocampus, septum or amygdala. These brain structures have dense reciprocal glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic connections and their relationships directly affect learning and memory processes, so they have been proposed as highly susceptible regions to suffer damage by Aβ during AD course. Last findings support the emerging concept that soluble Aβ peptides, inducing an initial stage of synaptic dysfunction which probably starts 20–30 years before the clinical onset of AD, can perturb the excitatory–inhibitory balance of neural circuitries. In turn, neurotransmission imbalance will result in altered network activity that might be responsible of cognitive deficits in AD. Therefore, Aβ interactions on neurotransmission systems in memory-related brain regions such as amygdaloid complex, medial septum or hippocampus are critical in cognitive functions and appear as a pivotal target for drug design to improve learning and dysfunctions that manifest with age. Since treatments based on glutamatergic and cholinergic pharmacology in AD have shown limited success, therapies combining modulators of different neurotransmission systems including recent findings regarding the GABAergic system, emerge as a more useful tool for the treatment, and overall prevention, of this dementia. In this review, focused on inhibitory systems, we will analyze pharmacological strategies to compensate neurotransmission imbalance that might be considered as potential therapeutic interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Yajeya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan D Navarro-Lopez
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
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Hiramatsu M. [Functional role for GABA transporters in the CNS]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 143:187-192. [PMID: 24717607 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.143.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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50
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Growth factors and synaptic plasticity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 16:490-8. [PMID: 24671722 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammatory attacks, and in subsequent clinical recovery phases, immune cells contribute to neuronal and oligodendroglial cell survival and tissue repair by secreting growth factors. Animal studies showed that growth factors also play a substantial role in regulating synaptic plasticity, and namely in long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP could drive clinical recovery in relapsing patients by restoring the excitability of denervated neurons. We recently reported that maintenance of synaptic plasticity reserve is crucial to contrast clinical deterioration in MS and that the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) may play a key role in its regulation. We also reported that a Hebbian form of LTP-like cortical plasticity, explored by paired associative stimulation (PAS), correlates with clinical recovery from a relapse in MS. Here, we explored the role of PDGF in clinical recovery and in adaptive neuroplasticity in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients. We found a correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PDGF concentrations and the extent of clinical recovery after a relapse, as full recovery was more likely observed in patients with high PDGF concentrations and poor recovery in subjects with low PDGF levels. Consistently with the idea that PDGF-driven synaptic plasticity contributes to attenuate the clinical consequences of tissue damage in RR-MS, we also found a striking correlation between CSF levels of PDGF and the amplitude of LTP-like cortical plasticity explored by PAS. CSF levels of fibroblast growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor did not correlate with clinical recovery nor with measures of synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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