1
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Hong 洪卉 H, Moore LA, Apostolides PF, Trussell LO. Calcium-Sensitive Subthreshold Oscillations and Electrical Coupling in Principal Cells of Mouse Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0106202023. [PMID: 37968120 PMCID: PMC10860609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0106-20.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher sensory brain regions, slow oscillations (0.5-5 Hz) associated with quiet wakefulness and attention modulate multisensory integration, predictive coding, and perception. Although often assumed to originate via thalamocortical mechanisms, the extent to which subcortical sensory pathways are independently capable of slow oscillatory activity is unclear. We find that in the first station for auditory processing, the cochlear nucleus, fusiform cells from juvenile mice (of either sex) generate robust 1-2 Hz oscillations in membrane potential and exhibit electrical resonance. Such oscillations were absent prior to the onset of hearing, intrinsically generated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) and persistent Na+ conductances (NaP) interacting with passive membrane properties, and reflected the intrinsic resonance properties of fusiform cells. Cx36-containing gap junctions facilitated oscillation strength and promoted pairwise synchrony of oscillations between neighboring neurons. The strength of oscillations were strikingly sensitive to external Ca2+, disappearing at concentrations >1.7 mM, due in part to the shunting effect of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. This effect explains their apparent absence in previous in vitro studies of cochlear nucleus which routinely employed high-Ca2+ extracellular solution. In contrast, oscillations were amplified in reduced Ca2+ solutions, due to relief of suppression by Ca2+ of Na+ channel gating. Our results thus reveal mechanisms for synchronous oscillatory activity in auditory brainstem, suggesting that slow oscillations, and by extension their perceptual effects, may originate at the earliest stages of sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hong 洪卉
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
| | - Pierre F Apostolides
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
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2
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Ngodup T, Irie T, Elkins SP, Trussell LO. The Na + leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons. eLife 2024; 12:RP89520. [PMID: 38197879 PMCID: PMC10945507 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN in mice and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Seán P Elkins
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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3
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Ngodup T, Irie T, Elkins S, Trussell LO. The Na + leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.23.546323. [PMID: 37987013 PMCID: PMC10659375 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN, and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sean Elkins
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
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4
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Hyun JH, Hannan P, Iwamoto H, Blakely RD, Kwon HB. Serotonin in the orbitofrontal cortex enhances cognitive flexibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531880. [PMID: 36945634 PMCID: PMC10028980 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is a brain's ability to switch between different rules or action plans depending on the context. However, cellular level understanding of cognitive flexibility have been largely unexplored. We probed a specific serotonergic pathway from dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) while animals are performing reversal learning task. We found that serotonin release from DRN to the OFC promotes reversal learning. A long-range connection between these two brain regions was confirmed anatomically and functionally. We further show that spatiotemporally precise serotonergic action directly enhances the excitability of OFC neurons and offers enhanced spike probability of OFC network. Serotonergic action facilitated the induction of synaptic plasticity by enhancing Ca2+ influx at dendritic spines in the OFC. Thus, our findings suggest that a key signature of flexibility is the formation of choice specific ensembles via serotonin-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Hyun
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Patrick Hannan
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Biomedical Science and Brain Institute, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Randy D. Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science and Brain Institute, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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5
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Bardoni R. Serotonergic 5-HT 7 Receptors as Modulators of the Nociceptive System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1548-1557. [PMID: 36453491 PMCID: PMC10472814 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenic amine serotonin modulates pain perception by activating several types of serotonergic receptors, including the 5-HT7 type. These receptors are widely expressed along the pain axis, both peripherally, on primary nociceptors, and centrally, in the spinal cord and the brain. The role of 5-HT7 receptors in modulating pain has been explored in vivo in different models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. While most studies have reported an antinociceptive effect of 5-HT7 receptor activation, some authors have suggested a pronociceptive action. Differences in pain models, animal species and gender, receptor types, agonists, and route of administration could explain these discrepancies. In this mini-review, some of the main findings concerning the function of 5-HT7 receptors in the pain system have been presented. The expression patterns of the receptors at the different levels of the pain axis, along with the cellular mechanisms involved in their activity, have been described. Alterations in receptor expression and/or function in different pain models and the role of 5-HT7 receptors in controlling pain transmission have also been discussed. Finally, some of the future perspectives in this field have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena, and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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6
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Cheng LQ, Shu FQ, Zhang M, Kai YZ, Tang ZQ. Resveratrol prevents hearing loss and a subregion specific- reduction of serotonin reuptake transporter induced by noise exposure in the central auditory system. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134153. [PMID: 37034161 PMCID: PMC10080035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged or excessive exposure to noise can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus and hypersensitivity to sound. The effects of noise exposure on main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in auditory pathway have been extensively investigated. However, little is known about aberrant changes in neuromodulator systems caused by noise exposure. In the current study, we exposed 2-month-old mice to a narrow band noise at 116 dB SPL for 6 h or sham exposure, assessed auditory brainstem responses as well as examined the expression of serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) in the cochlear nucleus (CN), inferior colliculus (IC), and primary auditory cortex (Au1) using immunohistochemistry. We found that noise exposure resulted in a significant increase in hearing thresholds at 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz, as well as led to a significant reduction of SERT in dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), dorsal IC (ICd), external IC (ICe), and Au1 layers I-IV. This reduction of SERT in these subregions of central auditory system was partially recovered 15 or 30 days after noise exposure. Furthermore, we examined efficacy of resveratrol (RSV) on hearing loss and loss of SERT induced by noise exposure. The results demonstrated that RSV treatment significantly attenuated threshold shifts of auditory brainstem responses and loss of SERT in DCN, ICd, ICe, and Au1 layers I-IV. These findings show that noise exposure can cause hearing loss and subregion-specific loss of SERT in the central auditory system, and RSV treatment could attenuate noise exposure-induced hearing loss and loss of SERT in central auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Quan Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Qi Shu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Zhong Kai,
| | - Zheng-Quan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Zheng-Quan Tang,
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7
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Comitato A, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Bardoni R. 5-HT7 Receptors Regulate Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance in Mouse Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:946159. [PMID: 35875663 PMCID: PMC9298498 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.946159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic receptors of the 5-HT7 type (5-HT7Rs) are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), where they modulate several functions, such as pain. Behavioral experiments in vivo have shown both anti- and pro-nociceptive actions of 5-HT7Rs, although an analgesic effect seems to be prevalent. In the spinal cord dorsal horn, the mechanisms involved in 5-HT7R-mediated synaptic modulation are still poorly understood, especially those regarding the control of synaptic inhibition. The present study investigated the modulation exerted by 5-HT7Rs on dorsal horn excitatory and inhibitory synaptic circuits, by performing patch-clamp recordings from lamina II neurons in mouse spinal cord slices. Our results show that applying the selective 5-HT7 agonist LP-211 facilitates glutamatergic release by enhancing the frequency of spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and increasing the peak amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by dorsal root stimulation. The effects on sEPSCs were still observed in the presence of the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635, while the 5-HT7 antagonist SB-269970 blocked them. LP-211 was also able to increase the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, as shown by the increase of spontaneous inhibitory currents (sIPSC) frequency and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSC) amplitude. LP-211 was proved to be more effective in potentiating synaptic inhibition as compared to excitation: consistently, 5-HT7R activation significantly enhanced the excitability of tonic firing neurons, mainly corresponding to inhibitory interneurons. Our data bring new insights into the mechanisms of synaptic modulation mediated by 5-HT7Rs in the dorsal horn. Stronger impact on synaptic inhibition supports the hypothesis that these receptors may play an anti-nociceptive role in the spinal cord of naïve animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Comitato
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rita Bardoni,
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8
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Schilling A, Gerum R, Metzner C, Maier A, Krauss P. Intrinsic Noise Improves Speech Recognition in a Computational Model of the Auditory Pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908330. [PMID: 35757533 PMCID: PMC9215117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise is generally considered to harm information processing performance. However, in the context of stochastic resonance, noise has been shown to improve signal detection of weak sub- threshold signals, and it has been proposed that the brain might actively exploit this phenomenon. Especially within the auditory system, recent studies suggest that intrinsic noise plays a key role in signal processing and might even correspond to increased spontaneous neuronal firing rates observed in early processing stages of the auditory brain stem and cortex after hearing loss. Here we present a computational model of the auditory pathway based on a deep neural network, trained on speech recognition. We simulate different levels of hearing loss and investigate the effect of intrinsic noise. Remarkably, speech recognition after hearing loss actually improves with additional intrinsic noise. This surprising result indicates that intrinsic noise might not only play a crucial role in human auditory processing, but might even be beneficial for contemporary machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Laboratory of Sensory and Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics and Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claus Metzner
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Campagna CA, Anauate J, Vasconœlos LGE, Oiticica J. Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Bothersome Chronic Tinnitus in Patients with Myofascial Trigger Points. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 26:e233-e242. [PMID: 35602278 PMCID: PMC9122774 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Therapeutic dry needling (DN) is effective in reducing the discomfort of chronic somatosensory tinnitus in patients with myofascial trigger points (MTP)s.
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of DN in chronic somatosensory tinnitus discomfort in patients with MTP.
Methods
Placebo-controlled paired trial that included 16 patients with a diagnosis of somatosensory chronic tinnitus and with the presence of at least one active or latent MTP. Treatment was performed in two phases: (1) four sessions (one session per week for four consecutive weeks) of placebo DN and (2) four sessions of therapeutic DN with a gap (washout) of 15 days between these phases.
Results
The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) variable and its emotional domain had a statistically significant reduction in therapeutic DN when compared with placebo DN (
p
= 0.024 and p = 0.011, respectively).
The tinnitus visual analogic scale (VAS) signaled a reduction in tinnitus discomfort when compared with moments before and after therapeutic DN (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
The therapeutic DN technique for MTP in patients with chronic tinnitus of somatosensory origin proved effective in reducing symptom discomfort, as measured by the THI (total score) and its emotional domain when compared with placebo DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alexandra Campagna
- Otolaryngology Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Anauate
- Otolaryngology Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jeanne Oiticica
- Otolaryngology Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Gentile Polese A, Nigam S, Hurley LM. 5-HT1A Receptors Alter Temporal Responses to Broadband Vocalizations in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus Through Response Suppression. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:718348. [PMID: 34512276 PMCID: PMC8430226 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.718348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory systems may provide information on social context to auditory brain regions, but relatively few studies have assessed the effects of neuromodulation on auditory responses to acoustic social signals. To address this issue, we measured the influence of the serotonergic system on the responses of neurons in a mouse auditory midbrain nucleus, the inferior colliculus (IC), to vocal signals. Broadband vocalizations (BBVs) are human-audible signals produced by mice in distress as well as by female mice in opposite-sex interactions. The production of BBVs is context-dependent in that they are produced both at early stages of interactions as females physically reject males and at later stages as males mount females. Serotonin in the IC of males corresponds to these events, and is elevated more in males that experience less female rejection. We measured the responses of single IC neurons to five recorded examples of BBVs in anesthetized mice. We then locally activated the 5-HT1A receptor through iontophoretic application of 8-OH-DPAT. IC neurons showed little selectivity for different BBVs, but spike trains were characterized by local regions of high spike probability, which we called "response features." Response features varied across neurons and also across calls for individual neurons, ranging from 1 to 7 response features for responses of single neurons to single calls. 8-OH-DPAT suppressed spikes and also reduced the numbers of response features. The weakest response features were the most likely to disappear, suggestive of an "iceberg"-like effect in which activation of the 5-HT1A receptor suppressed weakly suprathreshold response features below the spiking threshold. Because serotonin in the IC is more likely to be elevated for mounting-associated BBVs than for rejection-associated BBVs, these effects of the 5-HT1A receptor could contribute to the differential auditory processing of BBVs in different behavioral subcontexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Gentile Polese
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sunny Nigam
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Laura M. Hurley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Strickland J, Garcia-Romeu A, Johnson MW. Set and Setting: A Randomized Study of Different Musical Genres in Supporting Psychedelic Therapy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:472-478. [PMID: 33860177 PMCID: PMC8033606 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports the serotonin 2A receptor agonist psilocybin as a psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Little research has experimentally examined how session "set and setting" impacts subjective and therapeutic effects. We analyzed the effects of the musical genre played during sessions of a psilocybin study for tobacco smoking cessation. Participants (N = 10) received psilocybin (20-30 mg/70 kg) in two sessions, each with a different musical genre (Western classical versus overtone-based), with the order counterbalanced. Participants chose one genre for a third session (30 mg/70 kg). Mystical experiences scores tended to be higher in overtone-based sessions than in Western classical sessions. Six of ten participants chose the overtone-based music for a third session. Biologically confirmed smoking abstinence was similar based on musical choice, with a slight benefit for participants choosing the overtone-based playlist (66.7% versus 50%). These data call into question whether Western classical music typically used in psychedelic therapy holds a unique benefit. Broadly, we call for experimentally examining session components toward optimizing psychedelic therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin
C. Strickland
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Albert Garcia-Romeu
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Matthew W. Johnson
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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12
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Zhong PX, Li IH, Shih JH, Yeh CB, Chiang KW, Kao LT. Antidepressants and risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a population-based cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1686-1697. [PMID: 33742212 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of animal studies have found that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is related to the mechanism of serotonergic modulation. However, the relationship between antidepressants and SSNHL is unclear in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between antidepressant use and risk of SSNHL. METHODS Data from 218 466 antidepressant users and 1 116 518 nonusers were obtained from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We used propensity-score matching (PSM) and inverse-probability treatment weighting (IPTW) to eliminate any bias. Each patient was tracked for 5 years to ascertain whether or not they were diagnosed with SSNHL. Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses were performed to calculate the SSNHL risk. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of SSNHL for antidepressant users was 1.36 compared with nonusers in the full cohort study. The aHR for antidepressant users was 1.44 and 1.49 compared with the nonusers in the IPTW and PSM cohorts, respectively. All classes of antidepressants consistently increased the SSNHL risk. Additionally, patients receiving four classes of antidepressants were associated with a much higher SSNHL risk (aHR, 2.05) and those receiving one or two classes of antidepressants had a relatively lower SSNHL risk. CONCLUSION Antidepressants increased SSNHL risk, regardless of their class. Furthermore, patients who took a higher number of antidepressant classes showed an increased risk of developing SSNHL than those who took a lower number of antidepressant classes. Therefore, physicians should estimate the risks and benefits of antidepressant use and avoid prescribing antidepressants concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Kao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Schilling A, Tziridis K, Schulze H, Krauss P. The stochastic resonance model of auditory perception: A unified explanation of tinnitus development, Zwicker tone illusion, and residual inhibition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:139-157. [PMID: 33931176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic resonance (SR) has been proposed to play a major role in auditory perception, and to maintain optimal information transmission from the cochlea to the auditory system. By this, the auditory system could adapt to changes of the auditory input at second or even sub-second timescales. In case of reduced auditory input, somatosensory projections to the dorsal cochlear nucleus would be disinhibited in order to improve hearing thresholds by means of SR. As a side effect, the increased somatosensory input corresponding to the observed tinnitus-associated neuronal hyperactivity is then perceived as tinnitus. In addition, the model can also explain transient phantom tone perceptions occurring after ear plugging, or the Zwicker tone illusion. Vice versa, the model predicts that via stimulation with acoustic noise, SR would not be needed to optimize information transmission, and hence somatosensory noise would be tuned down, resulting in a transient vanishing of tinnitus, an effect referred to as residual inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; FAU Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Diab H, Malcolm B. Persistent Tinnitus after Inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). J Psychoactive Drugs 2020; 53:140-145. [PMID: 33242285 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2020.1847366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes a 39-year-old male with remote history of polysubstance use disorder and depression who developed tinnitus after use of inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Although development of ear ringing was attributed to use on a single occasion, tinnitus occurred within the context of a larger self-experiment involving weekly microdoses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Distress and anxiety over the ear ringing prompted evaluation by an audiologist, primary care physician, and consultant psychopharmacologist. Tinnitus persisted for several months, although intensity and ability to cope with symptoms improved over time. A microdose of psilocybin mushrooms exacerbated tinnitus on two separate occasions, after which psychedelics were discontinued. Psychedelics are associated with a range of acute sensory changes including auditory phenomenon, although have not previously been associated with tinnitus in medical literature. Here, we present a probable case of tinnitus associated with DMT use and review potential underlying mechanisms connecting psychedelics and tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Diab
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Malcolm
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pomona, CA, USA
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15
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Keesom SM, Hurley LM. Silence, Solitude, and Serotonin: Neural Mechanisms Linking Hearing Loss and Social Isolation. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060367. [PMID: 32545607 PMCID: PMC7349698 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For social animals that communicate acoustically, hearing loss and social isolation are factors that independently influence social behavior. In human subjects, hearing loss may also contribute to objective and subjective measures of social isolation. Although the behavioral relationship between hearing loss and social isolation is evident, there is little understanding of their interdependence at the level of neural systems. Separate lines of research have shown that social isolation and hearing loss independently target the serotonergic system in the rodent brain. These two factors affect both presynaptic and postsynaptic measures of serotonergic anatomy and function, highlighting the sensitivity of serotonergic pathways to both types of insult. The effects of deficits in both acoustic and social inputs are seen not only within the auditory system, but also in other brain regions, suggesting relatively extensive effects of these deficits on serotonergic regulatory systems. Serotonin plays a much-studied role in depression and anxiety, and may also influence several aspects of auditory cognition, including auditory attention and understanding speech in challenging listening conditions. These commonalities suggest that serotonergic pathways are worthy of further exploration as potential intervening mechanisms between the related conditions of hearing loss and social isolation, and the affective and cognitive dysfunctions that follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Keesom
- Department of Biology, Utica College, Utica, NY 13502, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura M. Hurley
- Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
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16
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Patzke C, Brockmann MM, Dai J, Gan KJ, Grauel MK, Fenske P, Liu Y, Acuna C, Rosenmund C, Südhof TC. Neuromodulator Signaling Bidirectionally Controls Vesicle Numbers in Human Synapses. Cell 2020; 179:498-513.e22. [PMID: 31585084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulators bind to pre- and postsynaptic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are able to quickly change intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Ca2+ levels, and are thought to play important roles in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discovered in human neurons an unanticipated presynaptic mechanism that acutely changes synaptic ultrastructure and regulates synaptic communication. Activation of neuromodulator receptors bidirectionally controlled synaptic vesicle numbers within nerve terminals. This control correlated with changes in the levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of synapsin-1. Using a conditional deletion approach, we reveal that the neuromodulator-induced control of synaptic vesicle numbers was largely dependent on synapsin-1. We propose a mechanism whereby non-phosphorylated synapsin-1 "latches" synaptic vesicles to presynaptic clusters at the active zone. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of synapsin-1 then removes the vesicles. cAMP-independent dephosphorylation of synapsin-1 in turn recruits vesicles. Synapsin-1 thereby bidirectionally regulates synaptic vesicle numbers and modifies presynaptic neurotransmitter release as an effector of neuromodulator signaling in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Patzke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Marisa M Brockmann
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinye Dai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathlyn J Gan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Katharina Grauel
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Fenske
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Claudio Acuna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Sizemore TR, Hurley LM, Dacks AM. Serotonergic modulation across sensory modalities. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2406-2425. [PMID: 32401124 PMCID: PMC7311732 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00034.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonergic system has been widely studied across animal taxa and different functional networks. This modulatory system is therefore well positioned to compare the consequences of neuromodulation for sensory processing across species and modalities at multiple levels of sensory organization. Serotonergic neurons that innervate sensory networks often bidirectionally exchange information with these networks but also receive input representative of motor events or motivational state. This convergence of information supports serotonin's capacity for contextualizing sensory information according to the animal's physiological state and external events. At the level of sensory circuitry, serotonin can have variable effects due to differential projections across specific sensory subregions, as well as differential serotonin receptor type expression within those subregions. Functionally, this infrastructure may gate or filter sensory inputs to emphasize specific stimulus features or select among different streams of information. The near-ubiquitous presence of serotonin and other neuromodulators within sensory regions, coupled with their strong effects on stimulus representation, suggests that these signaling pathways should be considered integral components of sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Sizemore
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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18
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Kao LT, Shih JH, Yeh CB, Wang CH, Chen HC, Chien WC, Li IH. Association between major depressive disorder and subsequent tinnitus: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:367-372. [PMID: 31969266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have presented an unclear association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and tinnitus. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to demonstrate the actual association between MDD and new-onset tinnitus using a large, population-based dataset in Taiwan. METHOD This case-control study used the data from the National Health Insurance Database. In total, 18,365 patients with tinnitus were recruited as cases, and 18,365 propensity score-matched patients without tinnitus were identified as controls. Logistic regression models were constructed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and to estimate the association between prior MDD and tinnitus. RESULTS MDD was found in 396 (2.16%) patients with tinnitus and 228 (1.24%) controls without tinnitus. The logistic regression model indicated that prior MDD was associated with tinnitus (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.47-2.05). Moreover, MDD was positively associated with tinnitus among most subgroups. Notably, a significant association between MDD and tinnitus was observed among patients with diabetes (adjusted OR, 2.05) and hyperlipidemia (adjusted OR, 1.94). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses consistently found a relationship between prior MDD and tinnitus. LIMITATIONS The database used in this study does not provide information regarding the lifestyle and gene factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a positive association between prior MDD and tinnitus. In addition, MDD may be one of the risk factors for tinnitus onset. Therefore, we recommended that the clinicians should be alert about the tinnitus condition among patients with MDD and provide appropriate interventions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Kao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Byczkowicz N, Eshra A, Montanaro J, Trevisiol A, Hirrlinger J, Kole MHP, Shigemoto R, Hallermann S. HCN channel-mediated neuromodulation can control action potential velocity and fidelity in central axons. eLife 2019; 8:e42766. [PMID: 31496517 PMCID: PMC6733576 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels control electrical rhythmicity and excitability in the heart and brain, but the function of HCN channels at the subcellular level in axons remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the action potential conduction velocity in both myelinated and unmyelinated central axons can be bidirectionally modulated by a HCN channel blocker, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and neuromodulators. Recordings from mouse cerebellar mossy fiber boutons show that HCN channels ensure reliable high-frequency firing and are strongly modulated by cAMP (EC50 40 µM; estimated endogenous cAMP concentration 13 µM). In addition, immunogold-electron microscopy revealed HCN2 as the dominating subunit in cerebellar mossy fibers. Computational modeling indicated that HCN2 channels control conduction velocity primarily by altering the resting membrane potential and are associated with significant metabolic costs. These results suggest that the cAMP-HCN pathway provides neuromodulators with an opportunity to finely tune energy consumption and temporal delays across axons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Byczkowicz
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical FacultyUniversity LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Abdelmoneim Eshra
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical FacultyUniversity LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Andrea Trevisiol
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax-Planck-Institute for Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical FacultyUniversity LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax-Planck-Institute for Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Maarten HP Kole
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamNetherlands
- Cell Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of UtrechtPadualaanNetherlands
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Stefan Hallermann
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical FacultyUniversity LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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20
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Davoine F, Curti S. Response to coincident inputs in electrically coupled primary afferents is heterogeneous and is enhanced by H-current (IH) modulation. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:151-175. [PMID: 31042413 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00029.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical synapses represent a widespread modality of interneuronal communication in the mammalian brain. These contacts, by lowering the effectiveness of random or temporally uncorrelated inputs, endow circuits of coupled neurons with the ability to selectively respond to simultaneous depolarizations. This mechanism may support coincidence detection, a property involved in sensory perception, organization of motor outputs, and improvement signal-to-noise ratio. While the role of electrical coupling is well established, little is known about the contribution of the cellular excitability and its modulations to the susceptibility of groups of neurons to coincident inputs. Here, we obtained dual whole cell patch-clamp recordings of pairs of mesencephalic trigeminal (MesV) neurons in brainstem slices from rats to evaluate coincidence detection and its determinants. MesV neurons are primary afferents involved in the organization of orofacial behaviors whose cell bodies are electrically coupled mainly in pairs through soma-somatic gap junctions. We found that coincidence detection is highly heterogeneous across the population of coupled neurons. Furthermore, combined electrophysiological and modeling approaches reveal that this heterogeneity arises from the diversity of MesV neuron intrinsic excitability. Consistently, increasing these cells' excitability by upregulating the hyperpolarization-activated cationic current (IH) triggered by cGMP results in a dramatic enhancement of the susceptibility of coupled neurons to coincident inputs. In conclusion, the ability of coupled neurons to detect coincident inputs is critically shaped by their intrinsic electrophysiological properties, emphasizing the relevance of neuronal excitability for the many functional operations supported by electrical transmission in mammals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that the susceptibility of pairs of coupled mesencephalic trigeminal (MesV) neurons to coincident inputs is highly heterogenous and depends on the interaction between electrical coupling and neuronal excitability. Additionally, upregulating the hyperpolarization-activated cationic current (IH) by cGMP results in a dramatic increase of this susceptibility. The IH and electrical synapses have been shown to coexist in many neuronal populations, suggesting that modulation of this conductance could represent a common strategy to regulate circuit operation supported by electrical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Davoine
- Instituto de Física e Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Sebastian Curti
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
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21
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Theodoroff SM, Kaltenbach JA. The Role of the Brainstem in Generating and Modulating Tinnitus. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:225-238. [PMID: 31022358 DOI: 10.1044/2018_aja-ttr17-18-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this work is to present a perspective article summarizing ideas pertaining to the brainstem's role in generating and modulating tinnitus. It is organized in 4 sections: Part 1, the role of the brainstem as a tinnitus generator; Part 2, the role of the brainstem in modulating tinnitus; Part 3, the role of the brainstem in nonauditory comorbid conditions associated with tinnitus; and Part 4, clinical implications. In Part 1, well-established neurophysiological models are discussed providing the framework of evidence that auditory brainstem nuclei play a role in generating tinnitus. In Part 2, ideas are presented explaining modulatory effects on tinnitus related to underlying pathways originating from or projecting to brainstem auditory and nonauditory nuclei. This section addresses multiple phenomena including somatic-related, attention-mediated, and emotion-mediated changes in the tinnitus percept. In Part 3, the role of the brainstem in common nonauditory comorbidities that occur in patients with tinnitus is discussed. Part 4 presents clinical implications of these new ideas related to the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus. Impact Knowledge of the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus provides a context for health care professionals to understand the temporal relationship between tinnitus and common nonauditory comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Theodoroff
- VA RR&D, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - James A. Kaltenbach
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute/Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
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22
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Dantsuji M, Nakamura S, Nakayama K, Mochizuki A, Park SK, Bae YC, Ozeki M, Inoue T. 5-HT 2A receptor activation enhances NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate responses through Src kinase in the dendrites of rat jaw-closing motoneurons. J Physiol 2019; 597:2565-2589. [PMID: 30919966 DOI: 10.1113/jp275440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS 5-HT increases the excitability of brainstem and spinal motoneurons, including the jaw-closing motoneurons, by depolarizing the membrane potential and decreasing the medium-duration afterhyperpolarization. In this study, we focused on how 5-HT enhances postsynaptic glutamatergic responses in the dendrites of the jaw-closing motoneurons. We demonstrate that 5-HT augments glutamatergic signalling by enhancing the function of the GluN2A-containing NMDA receptor (NMDAR) through the activation of 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2A Rs) and Src kinase. To enhance glutamatergic responses, activation of the 5-HT2A Rs must occur within ∼60 μm of the location of the glutamate responses. 5-HT inputs to the jaw-closing motoneurons can significantly vary their input-output relationship, which may contribute to wide-range regulation of contractile forces of the jaw-closing muscles. ABSTRACT Various motor behaviours are modulated by 5-HT. Although the masseter (jaw-closing) motoneurons receive both glutamatergic and serotonergic inputs, it remains unclear how 5-HT affects the glutamatergic inputs to the motoneuronal dendrites. We examined the effects of 5-HT on postsynaptic responses evoked by single- or two-photon uncaging of caged glutamate (glutamate responses) to the dendrites of masseter motoneurons in postnatal day 2-5 rats of either sex. Application of 5-HT induced membrane depolarization and enhanced the glutamate-response amplitude. This enhancement was mimicked by the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A R) agonist and was blocked by the 5-HT2A/2C R antagonist. However, neither the 5-HT2B R nor the 5-HT2C R agonists altered glutamate responses. Blockade of the NMDA receptors (NMDARs), but not AMPA receptors, abolished the 5-HT-induced enhancement. Furthermore, the selective antagonist for the GluN2A subunit abolished the 5-HT-induced enhancement. 5-HT increased GluN2A phosphorylation, while the Src kinase inhibitor reduced the 5-HT-induced enhancement and GluN2A phosphorylation. When exposure to the 5-HT2A R agonist was targeted to the dendrites, the enhancement of glutamate responses was restricted to the loci of the dendrites near the puff loci. Electron microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that both the NMDARs and the 5-HT2A Rs were close to each other in the same dendrite. These results suggest that activation of dendritic 5-HT2A Rs enhances the function of local GluN2A-containing NMDARs through Src kinase. Such enhancement of the glutamate responses by 5-HT may contribute to wide-range regulation of contractile forces of the jaw-closing muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Dantsuji
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Oota-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Shiro Nakamura
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Nakayama
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ayako Mochizuki
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Sook Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Republic of Korea
| | - Masahiko Ozeki
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Oota-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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23
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Barrett FS, Preller KH, Herdener M, Janata P, Vollenweider FX. Serotonin 2A Receptor Signaling Underlies LSD-induced Alteration of the Neural Response to Dynamic Changes in Music. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:3939-3950. [PMID: 29028939 PMCID: PMC6887693 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic psychedelic drugs (serotonin 2A, or 5HT2A, receptor agonists) have notable effects on music listening. In the current report, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal was collected during music listening in 25 healthy adults after administration of placebo, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and LSD pretreated with the 5HT2A antagonist ketanserin, to investigate the role of 5HT2A receptor signaling in the neural response to the time-varying tonal structure of music. Tonality-tracking analysis of BOLD data revealed that 5HT2A receptor signaling alters the neural response to music in brain regions supporting basic and higher-level musical and auditory processing, and areas involved in memory, emotion, and self-referential processing. This suggests a critical role of 5HT2A receptor signaling in supporting the neural tracking of dynamic tonal structure in music, as well as in supporting the associated increases in emotionality, connectedness, and meaningfulness in response to music that are commonly observed after the administration of LSD and other psychedelics. Together, these findings inform the neuropsychopharmacology of music perception and cognition, meaningful music listening experiences, and altered perception of music during psychedelic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S Barrett
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstr. 31, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Center for Addictive Disorders,University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstr. 31, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Janata
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Dr, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstr. 31, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Fleming E, Hull C. Serotonin regulates dynamics of cerebellar granule cell activity by modulating tonic inhibition. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:105-114. [PMID: 30281395 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00492.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how afferent information is integrated by cortical structures requires identifying the factors shaping excitation and inhibition within their input layers. The input layer of the cerebellar cortex integrates diverse sensorimotor information to enable learned associations that refine the dynamics of movement. Specifically, mossy fiber afferents relay sensorimotor input into the cerebellum to excite granule cells, whose activity is regulated by inhibitory Golgi cells. To test how this integration can be modulated, we have used an acute brain slice preparation from young adult rats and found that encoding of mossy fiber input in the cerebellar granule cell layer can be regulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) via a specific action on Golgi cells. We find that 5-HT depolarizes Golgi cells, likely by activating 5-HT2A receptors, but does not directly act on either granule cells or mossy fibers. As a result of Golgi cell depolarization, 5-HT significantly increases tonic inhibition onto both granule cells and Golgi cells. 5-HT-mediated Golgi cell depolarization is not sufficient, however, to alter the probability or timing of mossy fiber-evoked feed-forward inhibition onto granule cells. Together, increased granule cell tonic inhibition paired with normal feed-forward inhibition acts to reduce granule cell spike probability without altering spike timing. Hence, these data provide a circuit mechanism by which 5-HT can reduce granule cell activity without altering temporal representations of mossy fiber input. Such changes in network integration could enable flexible, state-specific suppression of cerebellar sensorimotor input that should not be learned or enable reversal learning for unwanted associations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) regulates synaptic integration at the input stage of cerebellar processing by increasing tonic inhibition of granule cells. This circuit mechanism reduces the probability of granule cell spiking without altering spike timing, thus suppressing cerebellar input without altering its temporal representation in the granule cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fleming
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Court Hull
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School , Durham, North Carolina
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Exploring pathogenesis in subjects with subjective Tinnitus having kidney deficiency pattern in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine based on serum metabolic profiles. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Krauss P, Tziridis K, Schilling A, Schulze H. Cross-Modal Stochastic Resonance as a Universal Principle to Enhance Sensory Processing. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:578. [PMID: 30186104 PMCID: PMC6110899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krauss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
From the beginning of therapeutic research with psychedelics, music listening has been consistently used as a method to guide or support therapeutic experiences during the acute effects of psychedelic drugs. Recent findings point to the potential of music to support meaning-making, emotionality, and mental imagery after the administration of psychedelics, and suggest that music plays an important role in facilitating positive clinical outcomes of psychedelic therapy. This review explores the history of, contemporary research on, and future directions regarding the use of music in psychedelic research and therapy, and argues for more detailed and rigorous investigation of the contribution of music to the treatment of psychiatric disorders within the novel framework of psychedelic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S Barrett
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Katrin H Preller
- b Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Mendel Kaelen
- d Psychedelic Research Group, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK.,e Wavepaths Ltd , London , UK
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Serotonergic Modulation of Sensory Representation in a Central Multisensory Circuit Is Pathway Specific. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1844-1854. [PMID: 28834748 PMCID: PMC5600294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have explored how neuromodulators affect synaptic function, yet little is known about how they modify computations at the microcircuit level. In the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), a region that integrates auditory and multisensory inputs from two distinct pathways, serotonin (5-HT) enhances excitability of principal cells, predicting a generalized reduction in sensory thresholds. Surprisingly, we found that when looked at from the circuit level, 5-HT enhances signaling only from the multisensory input, while decreasing input from auditory fibers. This effect is only partially explained by an action on auditory nerve terminals. Rather, 5-HT biases processing for one input pathway by simultaneously enhancing excitability in the principal cell and in a pathway-specific feed-forward inhibitory interneuron. Thus, by acting on multiple targets, 5-HT orchestrates a fundamental shift in representation of convergent auditory and multisensory pathways, enhancing the potency of non-auditory signals in a classical auditory pathway.
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Zeng C, Van Dort C, Faingold CL, Taylor NE, Solt K, Feng HJ. Optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe suppresses seizure-induced respiratory arrest and produces anticonvulsant effect in the DBA/1 mouse SUDEP model. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 110:47-58. [PMID: 29141182 PMCID: PMC5748009 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a devastating epilepsy complication. Seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA) occurs in many witnessed SUDEP patients and animal models as an initiating event leading to death. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying S-IRA will advance the development of preventive strategies against SUDEP. Serotonin (5-HT) is an important modulator for many vital functions, including respiration and arousal, and a deficiency of 5-HT signaling is strongly implicated in S-IRA in animal models, including the DBA/1 mouse. However, the brain structures that contribute to S-IRA remain elusive. We hypothesized that the dorsal raphe (DR), which sends 5-HT projections to the forebrain, is implicated in S-IRA. The present study used optogenetics in the DBA/1 mouse model of SUDEP to selectively activate 5-HT neurons in the DR. Photostimulation of DR 5-HT neurons significantly and reversibly reduced the incidence of S-IRA evoked by acoustic stimulation. Activation of 5-HT neurons in the DR suppressed tonic seizures in most DBA/1 mice without altering the seizure latency and duration of wild running and clonic seizures evoked by acoustic stimulation. This suppressant effect of photostimulation on S-IRA is independent of seizure models, as optogenetic stimulation of DR also reduced S-IRA induced by pentylenetetrazole, a proconvulsant widely used to model human generalized seizures. The S-IRA-suppressing effect of photostimulation was increased by 5-hydroxytryptophan, a chemical precursor for 5-HT synthesis, and was reversed by ondansetron, a specific 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, indicating that reduction of S-IRA by photostimulation of the DR is specifically mediated by enhanced 5-HT neurotransmission. Our findings suggest that deficits in 5-HT neurotransmission in the DR are implicated in S-IRA in DBA/1 mice, and that targeted intervention in the DR is potentially useful for prevention of SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Haiting Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Christa Van Dort
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carl L Faingold
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Norman E Taylor
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ken Solt
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Santello M, Bisco A, Nevian NE, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Nevian T. The brain-penetrant 5-HT 7 receptor agonist LP-211 reduces the sensory and affective components of neuropathic pain. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:214-221. [PMID: 28690143 PMCID: PMC5560654 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating pathological condition of high clinical relevance. Changes in neuronal excitability in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play a central role in the negative emotional and affective aspects of chronic pain. We evaluated the effects of LP-211, a new serotonin-receptor-type-7 (5-HT7R) agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier, on ACC neurons in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. LP-211 reduced synaptic integration in layer 5 pyramidal neurons, which was enhanced in neuropathic pain due to a dysfunction of dendritic hyperpolarization-activated-and-cyclic-nucleotide-regulated (HCN) channels. Acute injection of LP-211 had an analgesic effect, increasing the mechanical withdrawal threshold in neuropathic animals, which was partially mediated by an action in the ACC. Additionally, the acute application of LP-211 blocked the switch in the place escape/avoidance behavior induced by noxious stimuli. Thus systemic treatment with a 5-HT7R agonist leads to modulation of the ACC, which dampens sensory and affective aspects of chronic pain. Anterior cingulate cortex contributes to the emotional/affective distress in chronic pain. Dysfunction of HCN channels increase cellular excitability in chronic pain. LP-211 is a brain-penetrant 5-HT7 receptor agonist that enhances HCN channel function. LP-211 alleviates the sensory and affective/emotional pain behavior in neuropathic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Santello
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alberto Bisco
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Thomas Nevian
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Chang W, Kanda H, Ikeda R, Ling J, Gu JG. Serotonergic transmission at Merkel discs: modulation by exogenously applied chemical messengers and involvement of I h currents. J Neurochem 2017; 141:565-576. [PMID: 28267198 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Merkel disc is a main type of tactile end organ consisting of Merkel cells and Aβ-afferent endings that responds to tactile stimulation with slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) afferent impulses. Our recent study has shown that Merkel discs in whisker hair follicles are serotonergic synapses using endogenous serotonin to transmit tactile signals from Merkel cells to Aβ-afferent endings. In this study, we hypothesize that tactile sensitivity of Merkel discs can be modulated by chemical messengers. We tested this hypothesis by determining whether and how SA1 responses of mouse whisker hair follicles may be affected by exogenously applied chemical messengers. We found that SA1 responses were potentiated by serotonin at low concentration (10 μM) but almost completely occluded by serotonin at high concentration (2 mM). In contrast, SA1 responses were not significantly affected by ATP and its metabolically stable analog α,β-methylene-ATP, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and histamine. SA1 responses were also not affected by antagonists for P2X receptors, ionotropic glutamate receptors, and ionotropic GABA and glycine receptors. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings reconfirm the presence of both ionotropic and metabotropic 5-HT receptors on afferent neurons and their terminals innervating whisker hair follicles. All whisker afferent neurons expressed hyperpolarization-activated inward currents (Ih ), which are potentiated by serotonin through the activation of metabotropic 5-HT receptors. Taken together, the findings substantiate the serotonergic mechanism of tactile transmission at Merkel discs and identify the involvement of Ih currents in postsynaptic excitatory actions of serotonin. In addition, the findings do not favor any significant involvement of ATP, glutamate, histamine, GABA, or glycine in tactile transmission at the Merkel discs of whisker hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipang Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ryo Ikeda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianguo G Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Ikeda R, Gu JG. Electrophysiological property and chemical sensitivity of primary afferent neurons that innervate rat whisker hair follicles. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916685570. [PMID: 27927797 PMCID: PMC5207362 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916685570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whisker hair follicles are sensory organs that sense touch and perform tactile discrimination in animals, and they are sites where sensory impulses are initiated when whisker hairs touch an object. The sensory signals are then conveyed by whisker afferent fibers to the brain for sensory perception. Electrophysiological property and chemical sensitivity of whisker afferent fibers, important factors affecting whisker sensory processing, are largely not known. In the present study, we performed patch-clamp recordings from pre-identified whisker afferent neurons in whole-mount trigeminal ganglion preparations and characterized their electrophysiological property and sensitivity to ATP, serotonin and glutamate. Of 97 whisker afferent neurons examined, 67% of them are found to be large-sized (diameter ≥45 µm) cells and 33% of them are medium- to small-sized (diameter <45 µm) cells. Almost every large-sized whisker afferent neuron fires a single action potential but many (40%) small/medium-sized whisker afferent neurons fire multiple action potentials in response to prolonged stepwise depolarization. Other electrophysiological properties including resting membrane potential, action potential threshold, and membrane input resistance are also significantly different between large-sized and small/medium-sized whisker afferent neurons. Most large-sized and many small/medium-sized whisker afferent neurons are sensitive to ATP and/or serotonin, and ATP and/or serotonin could evoke strong inward currents in these cells. In contrast, few whisker afferent neurons are sensitive to glutamate. Our results raise a possibility that ATP and/or serotonin may be chemical messengers involving sensory signaling for different types of rat whisker afferent fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ikeda
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianguo G Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Jianguo G Gu, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street South Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Felix RA, Elde CJ, Nevue AA, Portfors CV. Serotonin modulates response properties of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the mouse. Hear Res 2016; 344:13-23. [PMID: 27838373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The neurochemical serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in a variety of behavioral functions including arousal, reward, and attention, and has a role in several complex disorders of the brain. In the auditory system, 5-HT fibers innervate a number of subcortical nuclei, yet the modulatory role of 5-HT in nearly all of these areas remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined spiking activity of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) following iontophoretic application of 5-HT. The DCN is an early site in the auditory pathway that receives dense 5-HT fiber input from the raphe nuclei and has been implicated in the generation of auditory disorders marked by neuronal hyperexcitability. Recordings from the DCN in awake mice demonstrated that iontophoretic application of 5-HT had heterogeneous effects on spiking rate, spike timing, and evoked spiking threshold. We found that 56% of neurons exhibited increases in spiking rate during 5-HT delivery, while 22% had decreases in rate and the remaining neurons had no change. These changes were similar for spontaneous and evoked spiking and were typically accompanied by changes in spike timing. Spiking increases were associated with lower first spike latencies and jitter, while decreases in spiking generally had opposing effects on spike timing. Cases in which 5-HT application resulted in increased spiking also exhibited lower thresholds compared to the control condition, while cases of decreased spiking had no threshold change. We also found that the 5-HT2 receptor subtype likely has a role in mediating increased excitability. Our results demonstrate that 5-HT can modulate activity in the DCN of awake animals and that it primarily acts to increase neuronal excitability, in contrast to other auditory regions where it largely has a suppressive role. Modulation of DCN function by 5-HT has implications for auditory processing in both normal hearing and disordered states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Felix
- School of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA.
| | - Cameron J Elde
- School of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Alexander A Nevue
- School of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Christine V Portfors
- School of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
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Subsecond Sensory Modulation of Serotonin Levels in a Primary Sensory Area and Its Relation to Ongoing Communication Behavior in a Weakly Electric Fish. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0115-16. [PMID: 27844054 PMCID: PMC5093153 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0115-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei of vertebrates project to most regions of the brain and are known to significantly affect sensory processing. The subsecond dynamics of sensory modulation of serotonin levels and its relation to behavior, however, remain unknown. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure serotonin release in the electrosensory system of weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. These fish use an electric organ to generate a quasi-sinusoidal electric field for communicating with conspecifics. In response to conspecific signals, they frequently produce signal modulations called chirps. We measured changes in serotonin concentration in the hindbrain electrosensory lobe (ELL) with a resolution of 0.1 s concurrently with chirping behavior evoked by mimics of conspecific electric signals. We show that serotonin release can occur phase locked to stimulus onset as well as spontaneously in the ELL region responsible for processing these signals. Intense auditory stimuli, on the other hand, do not modulate serotonin levels in this region, suggesting modality specificity. We found no significant correlation between serotonin release and chirp production on a trial-by-trial basis. However, on average, in the trials where the fish chirped, there was a reduction in serotonin release in response to stimuli mimicking similar-sized same-sex conspecifics. We hypothesize that the serotonergic system is part of an intricate sensory–motor loop: serotonin release in a sensory area is triggered by sensory input, giving rise to motor output, which can in turn affect serotonin release at the timescale of the ongoing sensory experience and in a context-dependent manner.
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Merkel disc is a serotonergic synapse in the epidermis for transmitting tactile signals in mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5491-500. [PMID: 27573850 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of sensory systems has let mammals develop complicated tactile end organs to enable sophisticated sensory tasks, including social interaction, environmental exploration, and tactile discrimination. The Merkel disc, a main type of tactile end organ consisting of Merkel cells (MCs) and Aβ-afferent endings, are highly abundant in fingertips, touch domes, and whisker hair follicles of mammals. The Merkel disc has high tactile acuity for an object's physical features, such as texture, shape, and edges. Mechanisms underlying the tactile function of Merkel discs are obscured as to how MCs transmit tactile signals to Aβ-afferent endings leading to tactile sensations. Using mouse whisker hair follicles, we show herein that tactile stimuli are transduced by MCs into excitatory signals that trigger vesicular serotonin release from MCs. We identify that both ionotropic and metabotropic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors are expressed on whisker Aβ-afferent endings and that their activation by serotonin released from MCs initiates Aβ-afferent impulses. Moreover, we demonstrate that these ionotropic and metabotropic 5-HT receptors have a synergistic effect that is critical to both electrophysiological and behavioral tactile responses. These findings elucidate that the Merkel disc is a unique serotonergic synapse located in the epidermis and plays a key role in tactile transmission. The epidermal serotonergic synapse may have important clinical implications in sensory dysfunctions, such as the loss of tactile sensitivity and tactile allodynia seen in patients who have diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and undergo chemotherapy. It may also have implications in the exaggerated tactile sensations induced by recreational drugs that act on serotoninergic synapses.
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Yang S, Ben-Shalom R, Ahn M, Liptak AT, van Rijn RM, Whistler JL, Bender KJ. β-Arrestin-Dependent Dopaminergic Regulation of Calcium Channel Activity in the Axon Initial Segment. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1518-1526. [PMID: 27452469 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate a variety of signaling cascades, depending on effector coupling. β-arrestins, which were initially characterized by their ability to "arrest" GPCR signaling by uncoupling receptor and G protein, have recently emerged as important signaling effectors for GPCRs. β-arrestins engage signaling pathways that are distinct from those mediated by G protein. As such, arrestin-dependent signaling can play a unique role in regulating cell function, but whether neuromodulatory GPCRs utilize β-arrestin-dependent signaling to regulate neuronal excitability remains unclear. Here, we find that D3 dopamine receptors (D3R) regulate axon initial segment (AIS) excitability through β-arrestin-dependent signaling, modifying CaV3 voltage dependence to suppress high-frequency action potential generation. This non-canonical D3R signaling thereby gates AIS excitability via pathways distinct from classical GPCR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungchil Yang
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Roy Ben-Shalom
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Misol Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alayna T Liptak
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jennifer L Whistler
- Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin J Bender
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Serotonin modulates spike probability in the axon initial segment through HCN channels. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:826-34. [PMID: 27110919 PMCID: PMC4882252 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) serves as the site of action potential initiation in most neurons, but difficulties in isolating the effects of voltage-gated ion channels in the AIS from those of the soma and dendrites have hampered understanding how AIS properties influence neural coding. Here we have combined confocal microscopy, patch-clamp recordings and light-sensitive channel blockers (“photoswitches”) in binaural auditory neurons to show that hyperpolarization and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are expressed in the AIS and decrease spike probability, distinct from the role of HCN channels in the soma and dendrites. Furthermore, the control of spike threshold by HCN channels in the AIS can be altered through serotonin modulation of 5-HT1A receptors, which hyperpolarizes the activation range of HCN channels. As release of serotonin signals changes in motivation and attention states, axonal HCN channels provide a mechanism to translate these signals into changes in the threshold for sensory stimuli.
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Fluoxetine ameliorates cognitive impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via down-regulation of HCN2 surface expression in the hippocampal CA1 area in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 140:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Papesh MA, Hurley LM. Modulation of auditory brainstem responses by serotonin and specific serotonin receptors. Hear Res 2015; 332:121-136. [PMID: 26688176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuromodulator serotonin is found throughout the auditory system from the cochlea to the cortex. Although effects of serotonin have been reported at the level of single neurons in many brainstem nuclei, how these effects correspond to more integrated measures of auditory processing has not been well-explored. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the effects of serotonin on far-field auditory brainstem responses (ABR) across a wide range of stimulus frequencies and intensities. Using a mouse model, we investigated the consequences of systemic serotonin depletion, as well as the selective stimulation and suppression of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors, on ABR latency and amplitude. Stimuli included tone pips spanning four octaves presented over a forty dB range. Depletion of serotonin reduced the ABR latencies in Wave II and later waves, suggesting that serotonergic effects occur as early as the cochlear nucleus. Further, agonists and antagonists of specific serotonergic receptors had different profiles of effects on ABR latencies and amplitudes across waves and frequencies, suggestive of distinct effects of these agents on auditory processing. Finally, most serotonergic effects were more pronounced at lower ABR frequencies, suggesting larger or more directional modulation of low-frequency processing. This is the first study to describe the effects of serotonin on ABR responses across a wide range of stimulus frequencies and amplitudes, and it presents an important step in understanding how serotonergic modulation of auditory brainstem processing may contribute to modulation of auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Papesh
- Indiana University, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, 200 South Jordan Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Sound localization in a changing world. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 35:35-43. [PMID: 26126152 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In natural environments, neural systems must be continuously updated to reflect changes in sensory inputs and behavioral goals. Recent studies of sound localization have shown that adaptation and learning involve multiple mechanisms that operate at different timescales and stages of processing, with other sensory and motor-related inputs playing a key role. We are only just beginning to understand, however, how these processes interact with one another to produce adaptive changes at the level of neuronal populations and behavior. Because there is no explicit map of auditory space in the cortex, studies of sound localization may also provide much broader insight into the plasticity of complex neural representations that are not topographically organized.
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