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Park KT, Jo H, Jeon SH, Jeong K, Im M, Kim JW, Jung JP, Jung HC, Lee JH, Kim W. Analgesic Effect of Human Placenta Hydrolysate on CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1179. [PMID: 39338341 PMCID: PMC11435073 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy of human placenta hydrolysate (HPH) in a mice model of CFA-induced inflammatory pain. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are key pro-inflammatory cytokine factors for relieving inflammatory pain. Therefore, this study investigates whether HPH suppresses CFA-induced pain and attenuates the inflammatory process by regulating cytokines. In addition, the relationship between neuropathic pain and HPH was established by staining GFAP and Iba-1 in mice spinal cord tissues. This study was conducted for a total of day 28, and inflammatory pain was induced in mice by injecting CFA into the right paw at day 0 and day 14, respectively. 100 μL of 20% glucose and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and 100, 200, and 300 μL of HPH were administered intraperitoneally twice a week. In the CFA-induced group, cold and mechanical allodynia and pro-inflammatory cytokine factors in the spinal cord and plantar tissue were significantly increased. The five groups of drugs evenly reduced pain and gene expression of inflammatory factors, and particularly excellent effects were confirmed in the HPH 200 and 300 groups. Meanwhile, the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 in the spinal cord was increased by CFA administration but decreased by HPH administration, which was confirmed to suppress damage to peripheral ganglia. The present study suggests that HPH attenuates CFA-induced inflammatory pain through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine factors and protection of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Jeon
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross Wellbeing Corporation, Yongin 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongsoo Jeong
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross Wellbeing Corporation, Yongin 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Im
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross Wellbeing Corporation, Yongin 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross Wellbeing Corporation, Yongin 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Jung
- Nuke Medical Society of Pain Research, Daejeon 35002, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe Chang Jung
- Nuke Medical Society of Pain Research, Daejeon 35002, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Lee
- Nuke Medical Society of Pain Research, Daejeon 35002, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Serafin EK, Koorndyk N, Baccei ML. Astrocyte D1/D5 Dopamine Receptors Govern Non-Hebbian Long-Term Potentiation at Sensory Synapses onto Lamina I Spinoparabrachial Neurons. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0170242024. [PMID: 38955487 PMCID: PMC11308343 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0170-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent work demonstrated that activation of spinal D1 and D5 dopamine receptors (D1/D5Rs) facilitates non-Hebbian long-term potentiation (LTP) at primary afferent synapses onto spinal projection neurons. However, the cellular localization of the D1/D5Rs driving non-Hebbian LTP in spinal nociceptive circuits remains unknown, and it is also unclear whether D1/D5R signaling must occur concurrently with sensory input in order to promote non-Hebbian LTP at these synapses. Here we investigate these issues using cell-type-selective knockdown of D1Rs or D5Rs from lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, or astrocytes in adult mice of either sex using Cre recombinase-based genetic strategies. The LTP evoked by low-frequency stimulation of primary afferents in the presence of the selective D1/D5R agonist SKF82958 persisted following the knockdown of D1R or D5R in spinoparabrachial neurons, suggesting that postsynaptic D1/D5R signaling was dispensable for non-Hebbian plasticity at sensory synapses onto these key output neurons of the superficial dorsal horn (SDH). Similarly, the knockdown of D1Rs or D5Rs in DRG neurons failed to influence SKF82958-enabled LTP in lamina I projection neurons. In contrast, SKF82958-induced LTP was suppressed by the knockdown of D1R or D5R in spinal astrocytes. Furthermore, the data indicate that the activation of D1R/D5Rs in spinal astrocytes can either retroactively or proactively drive non-Hebbian LTP in spinoparabrachial neurons. Collectively, these results suggest that dopaminergic signaling in astrocytes can strongly promote activity-dependent LTP in the SDH, which is predicted to significantly enhance the amplification of ascending nociceptive transmission from the spinal cord to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Elizabeth K Serafin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Nathan Koorndyk
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Mark L Baccei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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Chen C, Zhu S, Fu T, Chen Y, Chen D. The protective effects of Ferrostatin-1 against inflammation-induced preterm birth and fetal brain injury. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 164:104260. [PMID: 38761507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have suggested the involvement of ferroptosis in preterm birth. Despite compelling evidence, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This investigation aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), an inhibitor of ferroptosis, in preterm birth and fetal brain injury. METHODS Human placenta samples and clinical data of participants were collected to ascertain whether placental ferroptosis was associated with preterm birth. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preterm birth mouse model was used to examine the protective effects of Fer-1 on preterm birth. Fetal brain tissues and offspring mice at 5 and 8 weeks were studied to determine the effects of Fer-1 on the cognitive function of offspring. RESULTS We examined the mechanism of spontaneous preterm birth and discovered that placental ferroptosis was associated with preterm birth. Fer-1 inhibited preterm birth by ameliorating placental ferroptosis and maternal inflammation, thus improving LPS-induced intrauterine inflammation to maintain pregnancy. Antenatal administration of Fer-1 prevented LPS-induced fetal brain damage in the acute phase and improved long-term neurodevelopmental impairments by improving placental neuroendocrine signaling and maintaining placental function. CONCLUSION Fer-1 inhibited preterm birth and fetal brain injury by inhibiting maternal inflammation and improving placental function. Our findings provide a novel therapeutic strategy for preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Shuaiying Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Tiantian Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yanmin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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Chen W, Qu Y, Liu Y, Zhang G, Sharhan HM, Zhang X, Zhang K, Cao B. Effects of fasudil on glial cell activation induced by tooth movement. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:33. [PMID: 39034361 PMCID: PMC11265063 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic pain affects the physical and mental health of patients. The spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (SPVC) contributes to the transmission of pain information and serves as a relay station for integrating orofacial damage information. Recently, glial cells have been found to be crucial for both acute and maintenance phases of pain. It has also been demonstrated that rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors can manage different pain models by inhibiting glial cell activation. Here, we hypothesized that orthodontic pain is related to glial cells in the SPVC, and Fasudil, a representative rho/rock kinase inhibitor, can relieve orthodontic pain by regulating the function of glial cells and the related inflammatory factors. In this study, we constructed a rat model of tooth movement pain and used immunofluorescence staining to evaluate the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the release of related cytokines and the expression of pain-related genes in the SPVC. Simultaneously, we investigated the effect of Fasudil on the aforementioned indicators. RESULTS In the SPVC, the expression of c-Fos peaked on day 1 along with the expression of OX42 (related to microglial activation), CD16 (a pro-inflammatory factor), and CD206 (an anti-inflammatory factor) on day 3 after tooth movement, followed by a gradual decrease. GFAP-staining showed that the number of activated astrocytes was the highest on day 5 and that cell morphology became complex. After Fasudil treatment, the expression of these proteins showed a downward trend. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) peaked on day 3, and the mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory factor TGF-β was the lowest 3 days after tooth movement. Fasudil inhibited the mRNA expression of pain-related genes encoding CSF-1, t-PA, CTSS, and BDNF. CONCLUSION This study shows that tooth movement can cause the activation of glial cells in SPVC, and ROCK inhibitor Fasudil can inhibit the activation of glial cells and reduce the expression of the related inflammatory factors. This study presents for the first time the potential application of Fasudil in othodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuanfeng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- International Campus, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Yining Liu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Hasan M Sharhan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Kunwu Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Baocheng Cao
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China.
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Liu C, Yu H, Xia H, Wang Z, Li B, Xue H, Jin S, Xiao L, Wu Y, Guo Q. Butyrate attenuates sympathetic activation in rats with chronic heart failure by inhibiting microglial inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38863438 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic activation is a hallmark of heart failure and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Butyrate is generated by gut microbiota and influences numerous physiological and pathological processes in the host. The present study aims to investigate whether the intestinal metabolite butyrate reduces sympathetic activation in rats with heart failure (HF) and the underlying mechanisms involved. Sprague-Dawley rats (220‒250 g) are anaesthetized with isoflurane, and the left anterior descending artery is ligated to model HF. Then, the rats are treated with or without butyrate sodium (NaB, a donor of butyrate, 10 g/L in water) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) are recorded to assess sympathetic outflow. Cardiac function is improved (mean ejection fraction, 22.6%±4.8% vs 38.3%±5.3%; P<0.05), and sympathetic activation is decreased (RSNA, 36.3%±7.9% vs 23.9%±7.6%; P<0.05) in HF rats treated with NaB compared with untreated HF rats. The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of norepinephrine are decreased in HF rats treated with NaB. The infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of HF model rats increases sympathetic nervous activity by upregulating the NMDA receptor. Microglia polarized to the M2 phenotype and inflammation are markedly attenuated in the PVN of HF model rats after NaB administration. In addition, HF model rats treated with NaB exhibit enhanced intestinal barrier function and increased levels of GPR109A, zona occludens-1 and occludin, but decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and zonulin. In conclusion, butyrate attenuates sympathetic activation and improves cardiac function in rats with HF. The improvements in intestinal barrier function, reductions in microglia-mediated inflammation and decreases in NMDA receptor 1 expression in the PVN are all due to the protective effects of NaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hongyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Reproduction, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Aging, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Aging, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating form of pain arising from injury or disease of the nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain are still not fully understood. Dendritic spines are small protrusions on the surface of neurons that play an important role in synaptic transmission. Recent studies have shown that dendritic spines reorganize in the superficial and deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn with the development of neuropathic pain in multiple models of disease or injury. Given the importance of dendritic spines in synaptic transmission, it is possible that studying dendritic spines could lead to new therapeutic approaches for managing intractable pain. In this review article, we highlight the emergent role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain, as well as discuss the potential for studying dendritic spines for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared F King
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marike L Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sierra D Kauer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Zheng YN, Zheng YL, Wang XQ, Chen PJ. Role of Exercise on Inflammation Cytokines of Neuropathic Pain in Animal Models. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04214-4. [PMID: 38714582 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) resulting from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system can lead to loss of function and reduced life quality. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of NP. Exercise as an economical, effective, and nonpharmacological treatment, recommended by clinical practice guidelines, has been proven to alleviate chronic NP. Previous studies have shown that exercise decreases NP by modifying inflammation; however, the exact mechanisms of exercise-mediated NP are unclear. Therefore, from the perspective of neuroinflammation, this review mainly discussed the effects of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in different parts of NP conduction pathways, such as the brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, sciatic nerve, and blood in rat/mice models. Results suggested that exercise training could modulate neuroinflammation, inhibit astrocyte glial cell proliferation and microglial activation, alter the macrophage phenotype, reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, increase anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and positively modulate the state of the immune system, thereby relieving NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
- Rehabilitation Treatment Center, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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Maximiano TKE, Carneiro JA, Fattori V, Verri WA. TRPV1: Receptor structure, activation, modulation and role in neuro-immune interactions and pain. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102870. [PMID: 38531262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the identification of a non-selective ion channel, especially responsive to capsaicin, revolutionized the studies of somatosensation and pain that were to follow. The TRPV1 channel is expressed mainly in neuronal cells, more specifically, in sensory neurons responsible for the perception of noxious stimuli. However, its presence has also been detected in other non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, β- pancreatic cells, muscle cells and adipocytes. Activation of the channel occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, such as noxious heat, low pH, gasses, toxins, endocannabinoids, lipid-derived endovanilloid, and chemical agents, such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. This activation results in an influx of cations through the channel pore, especially calcium. Intracellular calcium triggers different responses in sensory neurons. Dephosphorylation of the TRPV1 channel leads to its desensitization, which disrupts its function, while its phosphorylation increases the channel's sensitization and contributes to the channel's rehabilitation after desensitization. Kinases, phosphoinositides, and calmodulin are the main signaling pathways responsible for the channel's regulation. Thus, in this review we provide an overview of TRPV1 discovery, its tissue expression as well as on the mechanisms by which TRPV1 activation (directly or indirectly) induces pain in different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila Kawane Euflazio Maximiano
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Aparecida Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building, 300 Longwood Ave, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Merighi A. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nociception, and Pain. Biomolecules 2024; 14:539. [PMID: 38785946 PMCID: PMC11118093 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This article examines the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the control of nociception and pain. BDNF, a neurotrophin known for its essential role in neuronal survival and plasticity, has garnered significant attention for its potential implications as a modulator of synaptic transmission. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the multifaceted interactions between BDNF and pain pathways, encompassing both physiological and pathological pain conditions. I delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying BDNF's involvement in pain processing and discuss potential therapeutic applications of BDNF and its mimetics in managing pain. Furthermore, I highlight recent advancements and challenges in translating BDNF-related research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy
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10
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Ye Y, Cheng H, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang LD, Tang J. Macrophage: A key player in neuropathic pain. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:326-339. [PMID: 38661566 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2344170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between macrophages and neuropathic pain has flourished in the past two decades. It has long been believed that macrophages are strong immune effector cells that play well-established roles in tissue homeostasis and lesions, such as promoting the initiation and progression of tissue injury and improving wound healing and tissue remodeling in a variety of pathogenesis-related diseases. They are also heterogeneous and versatile cells that can switch phenotypically/functionally in response to the micro-environment signals. Apart from microglia (resident macrophages of both the spinal cord and brain), which are required for the neuropathic pain processing of the CNS, neuropathic pain signals in PNS are influenced by the interaction of tissue-resident macrophages and BM infiltrating macrophages with primary afferent neurons. And the current review looks at new evidence that suggests sexual dimorphism in neuropathic pain are caused by variations in the immune system, notably macrophages, rather than the neurological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li-Dong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Weng HR. Emerging Molecular and Synaptic Targets for the Management of Chronic Pain Caused by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3602. [PMID: 38612414 PMCID: PMC11011483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently experience chronic pain due to the limited effectiveness and safety profiles of current analgesics. Understanding the molecular and synaptic mechanisms underlying abnormal neuronal activation along the pain signaling pathway is essential for developing new analgesics to address SLE-induced chronic pain. Recent studies, including those conducted by our team and others using the SLE animal model (MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice), have unveiled heightened excitability in nociceptive primary sensory neurons within the dorsal root ganglia and increased glutamatergic synaptic activity in spinal dorsal horn neurons, contributing to the development of chronic pain in mice with SLE. Nociceptive primary sensory neurons in lupus animals exhibit elevated resting membrane potentials, and reduced thresholds and rheobases of action potentials. These changes coincide with the elevated production of TNFα and IL-1β, as well as increased ERK activity in the dorsal root ganglion, coupled with decreased AMPK activity in the same region. Dysregulated AMPK activity is linked to heightened excitability in nociceptive sensory neurons in lupus animals. Additionally, the increased glutamatergic synaptic activity in the spinal dorsal horn in lupus mice with chronic pain is characterized by enhanced presynaptic glutamate release and postsynaptic AMPA receptor activation, alongside the reduced activity of glial glutamate transporters. These alterations are caused by the elevated activities of IL-1β, IL-18, CSF-1, and thrombin, and reduced AMPK activities in the dorsal horn. Furthermore, the pharmacological activation of spinal GPR109A receptors in microglia in lupus mice suppresses chronic pain by inhibiting p38 MAPK activity and the production of both IL-1β and IL-18, as well as reducing glutamatergic synaptic activity in the spinal dorsal horn. These findings collectively unveil crucial signaling molecular and synaptic targets for modulating abnormal neuronal activation in both the periphery and spinal dorsal horn, offering insights into the development of analgesics for managing SLE-induced chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
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12
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Shan L, Xu K, Ji L, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Hu Q, Wu J, Xu Y, Luo Y, Li C, Wu C, Jiang C, Wang Z. Injured sensory neurons-derived galectin-3 contributes to neuropathic pain via programming microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:80-99. [PMID: 38190982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have demonstrated spinal microglia play a critical role in central sensitization and contribute to chronic pain. Although several mediators that contribute to microglia activation have been identified, the mechanism of microglia activation and its functionally diversified mechanisms in pathological pain are still unclear. Here we report that injured sensory neurons-derived Galectin-3 (Gal3) activates and reprograms microglia in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and contributes to neuropathic pain. Firstly, Gal3 is predominantly expressed in the isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive non-peptidergic sensory neurons and significantly up-regulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and primary afferent terminals in SDH in the partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL)-induced neuropathic pain model. Gal3 knockout (Gal3 KO) mice showed a significant decrease in mechanical allodynia and Gal3 inhibitor TD-139 produced a significant anti-allodynia effect in the pSNL model. Furthermore, pSNL-induced microgliosis was compromised in Gal3 KO mice. Additionally, intrathecal injection of Gal3 produces remarkable mechanical allodynia by direct activation of microglia, which have enhanced inflammatory responses with TNF-α and IL-1β up-regulation. Thirdly, using single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identified that Gal3 targets microglia and induces reprogramming of microglia, which may contribute to neuropathic pain establishment. Finally, Gal3 enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in excitatory neurons in the SDH via microglia activation. Our findings reveal that injured sensory neurons-derived Gal3 programs microglia in the SDH and contribute to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Shan
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kangtai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Luyao Ji
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiaodan Hu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuanfan Xu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuhui Luo
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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13
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Chen R, Xu X, Yu Y, Chen Y, Lin C, Liu R. High-voltage pulsed radiofrequency improves ultrastructure of DRG and enhances spinal microglial autophagy to ameliorate neuropathic pain induced by SNI. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4497. [PMID: 38402335 PMCID: PMC10894304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NeP) is intractable for which many therapies are ineffective. High-voltage pulsed radiofrequency (HVPRF) on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is considered an effective treatment for NeP. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic voltage for the optimal efficacy of PRF and the underlying mechanisms. The radiofrequency electrode was placed close to the L5 DRG of rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) and emitted current by the corresponding voltage in different groups. Four different voltages (45 V, 65 V, 85 V, and 100 V) of PRF on DRG significantly alleviated the SNI-induced NeP, reduced the levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in DRG, improved the ultrastructure of DRG, and promoted autophagy in spinal microglia to varying degrees and partially reversed the increased expression of TNF-α and the reduced expression of IL-10 in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). The beneficial effect of 85V-PRF was superior to those of other three PRF treatments. The underlying mechanisms may be related to repairing the DRG damage and improving the DRG ultrastructure while regulating spinal microglial autophagy and thereby alleviating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Chen
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xueru Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Youfen Yu
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanqin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's and Children's Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pain Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rongguo Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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14
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Smith PA. The Known Biology of Neuropathic Pain and Its Relevance to Pain Management. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:32-39. [PMID: 36799022 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain are heterogeneous in pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical presentation. Signs and symptoms are determined by the nature of the injury and factors such as genetics, sex, prior injury, age, culture, and environment. Basic science has provided general information about pain etiology by studying the consequences of peripheral injury in rodent models. This is associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that sensitize sensory nerve endings, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function. This leads to spontaneous activity in primary afferent neurons that is crucial for the onset and persistence of pain and the release of secondary mediators such as colony-stimulating factor 1 from primary afferent terminals. These promote the release of tertiary mediators such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-1β from microglia and astrocytes. Tertiary mediators facilitate the transmission of nociceptive information at the spinal, thalamic, and cortical levels. For the most part, these findings have failed to identify new therapeutic approaches. More recent basic science has better mirrored the clinical situation by addressing the pathophysiology associated with specific types of injury, refinement of methodology, and attention to various contributory factors such as sex. Improved quantification of sensory profiles in each patient and their distribution into defined clusters may improve translation between basic science and clinical practice. If such quantification can be traced back to cellular and molecular aspects of pathophysiology, this may lead to personalized medicine approaches that dictate a rational therapeutic approach for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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15
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Ko HG, Chun H, Han S, Kaang BK. Role of spinal astrocytes through the perisynaptic astrocytic process in pathological pain. Mol Brain 2023; 16:81. [PMID: 38093330 PMCID: PMC10717263 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain is caused by abnormal activity in the neural circuit that transmits nociceptive stimuli. Beyond homeostatic functions, astrocytes actively participate in regulating synaptic transmission as members of tripartite synapses. The perisynaptic astrocytic process (PAP) is the key structure that allows astrocytes to play these roles and not only physically supports synapse formation through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) but also regulates the efficiency of chemical signaling. Accumulating evidence has revealed that spinal astrocytes are involved in pathological pain by modulating the efficacy of neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA through transporters located in the PAP and by directly regulating synaptic transmission through various gliotransmitters. Although various CAMs contribute to pathological pain, insufficient evidence is available as to whether astrocytic CAMs also have this role. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed on how pathological pain is induced and maintained by astrocytes, especially in the PAP surrounding the synapse, and this will subsequently increase our understanding and treatment of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Gon Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol- daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei-SL Bigen Institute (YSLI), Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghyo Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol- daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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16
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Chen O, Luo X, Ji RR. Macrophages and microglia in inflammation and neuroinflammation underlying different pain states. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:381-407. [PMID: 38283253 PMCID: PMC10811354 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a main symptom in inflammation, and inflammation induces pain via inflammatory mediators acting on nociceptive neurons. Macrophages and microglia are distinct cell types, representing immune cells and glial cells, respectively, but they share similar roles in pain regulation. Macrophages are key regulators of inflammation and pain. Macrophage polarization plays different roles in inducing and resolving pain. Notably, macrophage polarization and phagocytosis can be induced by specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs). SPMs also potently inhibit inflammatory and neuropathic pain via immunomodulation and neuromodulation. In this review, we discuss macrophage signaling involved in pain induction and resolution, as well as in maintaining physiological pain. Microglia are macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and drive neuroinflammation and pathological pain in various inflammatory and neurological disorders. Microglia-produced inflammatory cytokines can potently regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission as neuromodulators. We also highlight sex differences in macrophage and microglial signaling in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Thus, targeting macrophage and microglial signaling in distinct locations via pharmacological approaches, including immunotherapies, and non-pharmacological approaches will help to control chronic inflammation and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Smith PA. Neuropathic pain; what we know and what we should do about it. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1220034. [PMID: 37810432 PMCID: PMC10559888 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can result from injury to, or disease of the nervous system. It is notoriously difficult to treat. Peripheral nerve injury promotes Schwann cell activation and invasion of immunocompetent cells into the site of injury, spinal cord and higher sensory structures such as thalamus and cingulate and sensory cortices. Various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, monoamines and neuropeptides effect two-way signalling between neurons, glia and immune cells. This promotes sustained hyperexcitability and spontaneous activity in primary afferents that is crucial for onset and persistence of pain as well as misprocessing of sensory information in the spinal cord and supraspinal structures. Much of the current understanding of pain aetiology and identification of drug targets derives from studies of the consequences of peripheral nerve injury in rodent models. Although a vast amount of information has been forthcoming, the translation of this information into the clinical arena has been minimal. Few, if any, major therapeutic approaches have appeared since the mid 1990's. This may reflect failure to recognise differences in pain processing in males vs. females, differences in cellular responses to different types of injury and differences in pain processing in humans vs. animals. Basic science and clinical approaches which seek to bridge this knowledge gap include better assessment of pain in animal models, use of pain models which better emulate human disease, and stratification of human pain phenotypes according to quantitative assessment of signs and symptoms of disease. This can lead to more personalized and effective treatments for individual patients. Significance statement: There is an urgent need to find new treatments for neuropathic pain. Although classical animal models have revealed essential features of pain aetiology such as peripheral and central sensitization and some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved, they do not adequately model the multiplicity of disease states or injuries that may bring forth neuropathic pain in the clinic. This review seeks to integrate information from the multiplicity of disciplines that seek to understand neuropathic pain; including immunology, cell biology, electrophysiology and biophysics, anatomy, cell biology, neurology, molecular biology, pharmacology and behavioral science. Beyond this, it underlines ongoing refinements in basic science and clinical practice that will engender improved approaches to pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Mussetto V, Teuchmann HL, Heinke B, Trofimova L, Sandkühler J, Drdla-Schutting R, Hogri R. Opioids Induce Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in a Brainstem Pain Center in the Rat. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1664-1680. [PMID: 37150382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are powerful analgesics commonly used in pain management. However, opioids can induce complex neuroadaptations, including synaptic plasticity, that ultimately drive severe side effects, such as pain hypersensitivity and strong aversion during prolonged administration or upon drug withdrawal, even following a single, brief administration. The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) in the brainstem plays a key role in pain and emotional processing; yet, the effects of opioids on synaptic plasticity in this area remain unexplored. Using patch-clamp recordings in acute brainstem slices from male and female Sprague Dawley rats, we demonstrate a concentration-dependent, bimodal effect of opioids on excitatory synaptic transmission in the LPBN. While a lower concentration of DAMGO (0.5 µM) induced a long-term depression of synaptic strength (low-DAMGO LTD), abrupt termination of a higher concentration (10 µM) induced a long-term potentiation (high-DAMGO LTP) in a subpopulation of cells. LTD involved a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent mechanism; in contrast, LTP required astrocytes and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation. Selective optogenetic activation of spinal and periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) inputs to the LPBN revealed that, while LTD was expressed at all parabrachial synapses tested, LTP was restricted to spino-parabrachial synapses. Thus, we uncovered previously unknown forms of opioid-induced long-term plasticity in the parabrachial nucleus that potentially modulate some adverse effects of opioids. PERSPECTIVE: We found a previously unrecognized site of opioid-induced plasticity in the lateral parabrachial nucleus, a key region for pain and emotional processing. Unraveling opioid-induced adaptations in parabrachial function might facilitate the identification of new therapeutic measures for addressing adverse effects of opioid discontinuation such as hyperalgesia and aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mussetto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Luise Teuchmann
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Heinke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lidia Trofimova
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Sandkühler
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Drdla-Schutting
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roni Hogri
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Sharma A, Behl T, Sharma L, Shah OP, Yadav S, Sachdeva M, Rashid S, Bungau SG, Bustea C. Exploring the molecular pathways and therapeutic implications of angiogenesis in neuropathic pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114693. [PMID: 37062217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to chronic neuro-inflammatory condition underlying neuropathic pain. It is generally linked with thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. It results due to injury or infection in the nervous system. The neuropathic pain spectrum covers a variety of pathophysiological states, mostly involved are ischemic injury viral infections associated neuropathies, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies, autoimmune disorders, traumatic origin, hereditary neuropathies, inflammatory disorders, and channelopathies. In CNS, angiogenesis is evident in inflammation of neurons and pain in bone cancer. The role of chemokines and cytokines is dualistic; their aggressive secretion produces detrimental effects, leading to neuropathic pain. However, whether the angiogenesis contributes and exists in neuropathic pain remains doubtful. In the present review, we elucidated summary of diverse mechanisms of neuropathic pain associated with angiogenesis. Moreover, an overview of multiple targets that have provided insights on the VEGF signaling, signaling through Tie-1 and Tie-2 receptor, erythropoietin pathway promoting axonal growth are also discussed. Because angiogenesis as a result of these signaling, results in inflammation, we focused on the mechanisms of neuropathic pain. These factors are mainly responsible for the activation of post-traumatic regeneration of the PNS and CNS. Furthermore, we also reviewed synthetic and herbal treatments targeting angiogenesis in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, 248007 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Shah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania.
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
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20
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McGinnis A, Ji RR. The Similar and Distinct Roles of Satellite Glial Cells and Spinal Astrocytes in Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2023; 12:965. [PMID: 36980304 PMCID: PMC10047571 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have identified glial cells as pivotal players in the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain after nerve injury associated with diabetes, chemotherapy, major surgeries, and virus infections. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) express similar molecular markers and are protective under physiological conditions. They also serve similar functions in the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain, downregulating some of their homeostatic functions and driving pro-inflammatory neuro-glial interactions in the PNS and CNS, i.e., "gliopathy". However, the role of SGCs in neuropathic pain is not simply as "peripheral astrocytes". We delineate how these peripheral and central glia participate in neuropathic pain by producing different mediators, engaging different parts of neurons, and becoming active at different stages following nerve injury. Finally, we highlight the recent findings that SGCs are enriched with proteins related to fatty acid metabolism and signaling such as Apo-E, FABP7, and LPAR1. Targeting SGCs and astrocytes may lead to novel therapeutics for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan McGinnis
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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21
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Tsujikawa S, DeMeulenaere KE, Centeno MV, Ghazisaeidi S, Martin ME, Tapies MR, Maneshi MM, Yamashita M, Stauderman KA, Apkarian AV, Salter MW, Prakriya M. Regulation of neuropathic pain by microglial Orai1 channels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7002. [PMID: 36706180 PMCID: PMC9883051 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are important mediators of neuroinflammation, which underlies neuropathic pain. However, the molecular checkpoints controlling microglial reactivity are not well-understood. Here, we investigated the role of Orai1 channels for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following nerve injury and find that deletion of Orai1 in microglia attenuates Ca2+ signaling and the production of inflammatory cytokines by proalgesic agonists. Conditional deletion of Orai1 attenuated microglial proliferation in the dorsal horn, spinal cytokine levels, and potentiation of excitatory neurotransmission following peripheral nerve injury. These cellular effects were accompanied by mitigation of pain hyperalgesia in microglial Orai1 knockout mice. A small-molecule Orai1 inhibitor, CM4620, similarly mitigated allodynia in male mice. Unexpectedly, these protective effects were not seen in female mice, revealing sexual dimorphism in Orai1 regulation of microglial reactivity and hyperalgesia. Together, these findings indicate that Orai1 channels are key regulators of the sexually dimorphic role of microglia for the neuroinflammation that underlies neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. DeMeulenaere
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maria V. Centeno
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Megan E. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martinna R. Tapies
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Maneshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Apkar V. Apkarian
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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22
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Schaible HG, König C, Ebersberger A. Spinal pain processing in arthritis: Neuron and glia (inter)actions. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 36520021 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of joints are among the most frequent causes of chronic pain. In the course of joint diseases, the peripheral and the central nociceptive system develop persistent hyperexcitability (peripheral and central sensitization). This review addresses the mechanisms of spinal sensitization evoked by arthritis. Electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized rats from spinal cord neurons with knee input in a model of acute arthritis showed that acute spinal sensitization is dependent on spinal glutamate receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and metabotropic glutamate receptors) and supported by spinal actions of neuropeptides such as neurokinins and CGRP, by prostaglandins, and by proinflammatory cytokines. In several chronic arthritis models (including immune-mediated arthritis and osteoarthritis) spinal glia activation was observed to be coincident with behavioral mechanical hyperalgesia which was attenuated or prevented by intrathecal application of minocycline, fluorocitrate, and pentoxyfylline. Some studies identified specific pathways of micro- and astroglia activation such as the purinoceptor- (P2 X7 -) cathepsin S/CX3 CR1 pathway, the mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, spinal NFκB/p65 activation and others. The spinal cytokines TNF, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and others form a functional spinal network characterized by an interaction between neurons and glia cells which is required for spinal sensitization. Neutralization of spinal cytokines by intrathecal interventions attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia. This effect may in part result from local suppression of spinal sensitization and in part from efferent effects which attenuate the inflammatory process in the joint. In summary, arthritis evokes significant spinal hyperexcitability which is likely to contribute to the phenotype of arthritis pain in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian König
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Ebersberger
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Syringaresinol Alleviates Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain Symptoms by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Responses of Spinal Microglia. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238138. [PMID: 36500231 PMCID: PMC9736412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a serious side effect that impairs the quality of life of patients treated with the chemotherapeutic agent, oxaliplatin. The underlying pathophysiology of OIPN remains unclear, and there are no effective therapeutics. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between spinal microglial activation and OIPN and explore the analgesic effects of syringaresinol, a phytochemical from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, on OIPN symptoms. The causality between microglial activation and OIPN was investigated by assessing cold and mechanical allodynia in mice after intrathecal injection of the serum supernatant from a BV-2 microglial cell line treated with oxaliplatin. The microglial inflammatory response was measured based on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB) expression in the spinal dorsal horn. The effects of syringaresinol were tested using behavioral and immunohistochemical assays. We found that oxaliplatin treatment activated the microglia to increase inflammatory responses, leading to the induction of pain. Syringaresinol treatment significantly ameliorated oxaliplatin-induced pain and suppressed microglial expression of inflammatory signaling molecules. Thus, we concluded that the analgesic effects of syringaresinol on OIPN were achieved via the modulation of spinal microglial inflammatory responses.
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Huang R, Han S, Qiu Y, Zhou T, Wu Y, Du H, Xu J, Wei X. Glucocorticoid regulation of lactate release from spinal astrocytes contributes to the induction of spinal LTP of C-fiber-evoked field potentials and the development of mechanical allodynia. Neuropharmacology 2022; 219:109253. [PMID: 36108796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the sciatic nerve leads to long-term potentiation (LTP) at C-fiber synapse and long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. The underlying mechanisms, however, are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of astrocytes derived l-lactate in the spinal dorsal horn subsequent to glucocorticoid (GC) secretion into the plasma in this process using Sprague-Dawley rats and Aldh1L1-CreERT2 mice of either sex. We found that HFS increased l-lactate and monocarboxylate transporters 1/2 (MCT1/2) in the spinal dorsal horn. Inhibition of glycogenolysis or blocking lactate transport prevented the induction of spinal LTP following HFS. Furthermore, Chemogenetical inhibition of dorsal horn astrocytes, which were activated by HFS, prevented spinal LTP, alleviated the mechanical allodynia and the decreased the level l-lactate and GFAP expression in the dorsal horn following HFS. In contrast, Chemogenetics activation of dorsal horn astrocytes in naïve rats induced spinal LTP as well as mechanical allodynia, and increased GFAP expression and l-lactate. Application of l-lactate directly to the spinal cord of naïve rats induced spinal LTP, mechanical allodynia, and increased spinal expression of p-ERK. Importantly, HFS increased GC in the plasma and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in spinal astrocytes, adrenalectomy or knocking down of GR in astrocytes by using Cre-Loxp system blocked the mechanical allodynia, prevented the spinal LTP and the enhancement of lactate after HFS. These results show that lactate released from spinal astrocytes following glucocorticoid release into the plasma enhance synaptic transmission at the C-fiber synapse and underlie pain chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Taihe Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuning Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchun Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xuhong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Astrocytes in Chronic Pain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:425-439. [PMID: 36376699 PMCID: PMC10043112 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractChronic pain is challenging to treat due to the limited therapeutic options and adverse side-effects of therapies. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system and play important roles in different pathological conditions, including chronic pain. Astrocytes regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission and network function via neuron–glia and glia–glia interactions to exaggerate pain signals under chronic pain conditions. It is also becoming clear that astrocytes play active roles in brain regions important for the emotional and memory-related aspects of chronic pain. Therefore, this review presents our current understanding of the roles of astrocytes in chronic pain, how they regulate nociceptive responses, and their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.
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26
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Proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors as druggable targets to alleviate pathological pain. Pain 2022; 163:S79-S98. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Liu XG. Normalization of Neuroinflammation: A New Strategy for Treatment of Persistent Pain and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Chronic Pain. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5201-5233. [PMID: 36110505 PMCID: PMC9469940 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects around 1/3 of the world population and is often comorbid with memory deficit and mood depression, is a leading source of suffering and disability. Studies in past decades have shown that hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons resulting from abnormal expression of ion channels and central sensitization mediated pathological synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation in spinal dorsal horn, underlie the persistent pain. The memory/emotional deficits are associated with impaired synaptic connectivity in hippocampus. Dysregulation of numerous endogenous proteins including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules is involved in the pathological processes. However, increasing knowledge contributes little to clinical treatment. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the neuroinflammation, characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation, is reliably detected in humans and animals with chronic pain, and is sufficient to induce persistent pain and memory/emotional deficits. The abnormal expression of ion channels and pathological synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn and in hippocampus are resulting from neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation is initiated and maintained by the interactions of circulating monocytes, glial cells and neurons. Obviously, unlike infectious diseases and cancer, which are caused by pathogens or malignant cells, chronic pain is resulting from alterations of cells and molecules which have numerous physiological functions. Therefore, normalization (counterbalance) but not simple inhibition of the neuroinflammation is the right strategy for treating neuronal disorders. Currently, no such agent is available in clinic. While experimental studies have demonstrated that intracellular Mg2+ deficiency is a common feature of chronic pain in animal models and supplement Mg2+ are capable of normalizing the neuroinflammation, activation of upregulated proteins that promote recovery, such as translocator protein (18k Da) or liver X receptors, has a similar effect. In this article, relevant experimental and clinical evidence is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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28
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Jiang B, Ding T, Guo C, Bai X, Cao D, Wu X, Sha W, Jiang M, Wu L, Gao Y. NFAT1 Orchestrates Spinal Microglial Transcription and Promotes Microglial Proliferation via c-MYC Contributing to Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201300. [PMID: 35892263 PMCID: PMC9507349 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury-induced spinal microglial proliferation plays a pivotal role in neuropathic pain. So far, key intracellular druggable molecules involved in this process are not identified. The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT1) is a master regulator of immune cell proliferation. Whether and how NFAT1 modulates spinal microglial proliferation during neuropathic pain remain unknown. Here it is reported that NFAT1 is persistently upregulated in microglia after spinal nerve ligation (SNL), which is regulated by TET2-mediated DNA demethylation. Global or microglia-specific deletion of Nfat1 attenuates SNL-induced pain and decreases excitatory synaptic transmission of lamina II neurons. Furthermore, deletion of Nfat1 decreases microglial proliferation and the expression of multiple microglia-related genes, such as cytokines, transmembrane signaling receptors, and transcription factors. Particularly, SNL increases the binding of NFAT1 with the promoter of Itgam, Tnf, Il-1b, and c-Myc in the spinal cord. Microglia-specific overexpression of c-MYC induces pain hypersensitivity and microglial proliferation. Finally, inhibiting NFAT1 and c-MYC by intrathecal injection of inhibitor or siRNA alleviates SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Collectively, NFAT1 is a hub transcription factor that regulates microglial proliferation via c-MYC and guides the expression of the activated microglia genome. Thus, NFAT1 may be an effective target for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Chun Jiang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Ting‐Yu Ding
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Chang‐Yun Guo
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Xue‐Hui Bai
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - De‐Li Cao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Xiao‐Bo Wu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Wei‐Lin Sha
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Long‐Jun Wu
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Yong‐Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
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Su PYP, Zhang L, He L, Zhao N, Guan Z. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2223-2248. [PMID: 35957964 PMCID: PMC9359791 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly controlled pain, thus new or improved treatments are desperately needed. One major challenge in pain research is the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical practice. The local neuroimmune interface plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain and is therefore a promising target for novel therapeutic development. Neurons interface with immune and immunocompetent cells in many distinct microenvironments along the nociceptive circuitry. The local neuroimmune interface can modulate the activity and property of the neurons to affect peripheral and central sensitization. In this review, we highlight a specific subset of many neuroimmune interfaces. In the central nervous system, we examine the interface between neurons and microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. In the periphery, we profile the interface between neurons in the dorsal root ganglion with T lymphocytes, satellite glial cells, and macrophages. To bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical practice, we review the preclinical studies of each neuroimmune interface, discuss current clinical treatments in pain medicine that may exert its action at the neuroimmune interface, and highlight opportunities for future clinical research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Paul Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nürnberger F, Rummel C, Ott D, Gerstberger R, Schmidt MJ, Roth J, Leisengang S. Gabapentinoids Suppress Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-6 Production in Primary Cell Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 30:1-14. [PMID: 35843206 DOI: 10.1159/000525657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gabapentin and pregabalin are drugs to treat neuropathic pain. Several studies highlighted effects on presynaptic terminals of nociceptors. Via binding to α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, gabapentinoids modulate the synaptic transmission of nociceptive information. However, recent studies revealed further properties of these substances. Treatment with gabapentin or pregabalin in animal models of neuropathic pain resulted not only in reduced symptoms of hyperalgesia but also in an attenuated activation of glial cells and decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators in the spinal dorsal horn. METHODS In the present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of gabapentinoids on the inflammatory response of spinal dorsal horn cells, applying the established model of neuro-glial primary cell cultures of the superficial dorsal horn (SDH). We studied effects of gabapentin and pregabalin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine release (bioassays), expression of inflammatory marker genes (RT-qPCR), activation of transcription factors (immunocytochemistry), and Ca2+ responses of SDH neurons to stimulation with substance P and glutamate (Ca2+-imaging). RESULTS We detected an attenuated LPS-induced expression and release of interleukin-6 by SDH cultures in the presence of gabapentinoids. In addition, a significant main effect of drug treatment was observed for mRNA expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 and the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B. Nuclear translocation of inflammatory transcription factors in glial cells was not significantly affected by gabapentinoid treatment. Moreover, both substances did not modulate neuronal responses upon stimulation with substance P or glutamate. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for anti-inflammatory capacities of gabapentinoids on the acute inflammatory response of SDH primary cultures upon LPS stimulation. Such effects may contribute to the pain-relieving effects of gabapentinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Nürnberger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin J Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic - Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Leisengang
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Neuroimmune Mechanisms Underlying Neuropathic Pain: The Potential Role of TNF-α-Necroptosis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137191. [PMID: 35806192 PMCID: PMC9266916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune mechanism underlying neuropathic pain has been extensively studied. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives cytokine storm and stimulates a cascade of other cytokines in pain-related pathways, induces and modulates neuropathic pain by facilitating peripheral (primary afferents) and central (spinal cord) sensitization. Functionally, TNF-α controls the balance between cell survival and death by inducing an inflammatory response and two programmed cell death mechanisms (apoptosis and necroptosis). Necroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is receiving increasing attraction and may trigger neuroinflammation to promote neuropathic pain. Chronic pain is often accompanied by adverse pain-associated emotional reactions and cognitive disorders. Overproduction of TNF-α in supraspinal structures such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus plays an important role in pain-associated emotional disorders and memory deficits and also participates in the modulation of pain transduction. At present, studies reporting on the role of the TNF-α–necroptosis pathway in pain-related disorders are lacking. This review indicates the important research prospects of this pathway in pain modulation based on its role in anxiety, depression and memory deficits associated with other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we have summarized studies related to the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain mediated by TNF-α and discussed the role of the TNF-α–necroptosis pathway in detail, which may represent an avenue for future therapeutic intervention.
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Maejima Y, Horita S, Yokota S, Yamachi M, Shimizu M, Ono T, Yu Z, Tomita H, Shimomura K. Surface translocation of Kir2.1 channel induces IL-1β secretion in microglia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bereiter DA, Rahman M, Ahmed F, Thompson R, Luong N, Olson JK. Title: P2x7 Receptor Activation and Estrogen Status Drive Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in a Rat Model for Dry Eye. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:827244. [PMID: 35479310 PMCID: PMC9037241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.827244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is recognized as a chronic inflammatory condition with an increase in tear osmolarity and loss of tear film integrity. DED is often accompanied by adverse ocular symptoms which are more prevalent in females than males. The basis for ocular hyperalgesia in DED remains uncertain; however, both peripheral and central neural mechanisms are implicated. A model for aqueous deficient DED, exorbital gland excision, was used to determine if activation of the purinergic receptor subtype 7, P2X7R, expressed by non-neural cells in peripheral and central trigeminal nerve pathways, contributed to persistent ocular hyperalgesia. Densitometry of trigeminal brainstem sections revealed increases in P2X7R, the myeloid cell marker Iba1, and the inflammasome, NLRP3, of estradiol-treated DED females compared to estradiol-treated sham females, while expression in DED males and DED females not given estradiol displayed minor changes. No evidence of immune cell infiltration into the trigeminal brainstem was seen in DED rats; however, markers for microglia activation (Iba1) were increased in all groups. Isolated microglia expressed increased levels of P2X7R and P2X4R, IL-1β (Ιnterleukin-1β), NLRP3, and iNOS (nitric oxide synthase). Further, estradiol-treated DED females displayed greater increases in P2X7R, IL-1β and NLRP3 expression compared to untreated DED females. Orbicularis oculi muscle activity (OOemg) evoked by ocular instillation of hypertonic saline (HS) was recorded as a surrogate measure of ocular hyperalgesia and was markedly enhanced in all DED groups compared to sham rats. Systemic minocycline reduced HS-evoked OOemg in all DED groups compared to sham rats. Local microinjection in the caudal trigeminal brainstem of an antagonist for P2X7R (A804598) greatly reduced HS-evoked OOemg activity in all DE groups, while responses in sham groups were not affected. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of siRNA for P2X7R significantly reduced HS-evoked OOemg activity in all DED groups, while evoked responses in sham animals were not affected. These results indicated that activation of P2X7R at central and peripheral sites in trigeminal pain pathways contributed to an increase in ocular hyperalgesia and microglia activation in DED males and females. Estrogen treatment in females further amplified ocular hyperalgesia and neuroimmune responses in this model for aqueous deficient DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Bereiter
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mostafeezur Rahman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Fabeeha Ahmed
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Randall Thompson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nhungoc Luong
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Julie K Olson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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34
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Zhang J, Mai CL, Xiong Y, Lin ZJ, Jie YT, Mai JZ, Liu C, Xie MX, Zhou X, Liu XG. The Causal Role of Magnesium Deficiency in the Neuroinflammation, Pain Hypersensitivity and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Ovariectomized and Aged Female Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6633-6656. [PMID: 34908863 PMCID: PMC8665878 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s330894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postmenopausal women often suffer from chronic pain, memory decline and mood depression. The mechanisms underlying the neuronal disorders are not fully understood, and effective treatment is still lacking. Methods Oral administration of magnesium-L-threonate was tested to treat the neuronal disorders in ovariectomized and aged female mice. The pain hypersensitivity, memory function and depression-like behaviors were measured with a set of behavioral tests. Western blots, immunochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to assess molecular changes. Results Chronic oral administration of magnesium-L-threonate substantially prevented or reversed the chronic pain and memory/emotional deficits in both ovariectomized and aged female mice. We found that phospho-p65, an active form of nuclear factor-kappaB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta were significantly upregulated in the neurons of dorsal root ganglion, spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus in ovariectomized and aged mice. The microglia and astrocytes were activated in spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus. Calcitonin gene–related peptide, a marker for peptidergic C-fibers, was upregulated in dorsal horn, which is associated with potentiation of C-fiber-mediated synaptic transmission in the model mice. In parallel with neuroinflammation and synaptic potentiation, free Mg2+ levels in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and in dorsal root ganglion neurons were significantly reduced. Oral magnesium-L-threonate normalized the neuroinflammation, synaptic potentiation and Mg2+ deficiency, but did not affect the estrogen decline in ovariectomized and aged mice. Furthermore, in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, estrogen at physiological concentration elevated intracellular Mg2+, and downregulated phospho-p65, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta exclusively in the presence of extracellular Mg2+. Conclusion Estrogen decline in menopause may cause neuroinflammation by reducing intracellular Mg2+ in neurons, leading to chronic pain, memory/emotional deficits. Supplement Mg2+ by oral magnesium-L-threonate may be a novel approach for treating menopause-related neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jia Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Tao Jie
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Zhen Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Xiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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Xu Q, Ford NC, He S, Huang Q, Anderson M, Chen Z, Yang F, Crawford LK, Caterina MJ, Guan Y, Dong X. Astrocytes contribute to pain gating in the spinal cord. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi6287. [PMID: 34730998 PMCID: PMC8565904 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various pain therapies have been developed on the basis of the gate control theory of pain, which postulates that nonpainful sensory inputs mediated by large-diameter afferent fibers (Aβ-fibers) can attenuate noxious signals relayed to the brain. To date, this theory has focused only on neuronal mechanisms. Here, we identified an unprecedented function of astrocytes in the gating of nociceptive signals transmitted by neurokinin 1 receptor–positive (NK1R+) projection neurons in the spinal cord. Electrical stimulation of peripheral Aβ-fibers in naïve mice activated spinal astrocytes, which in turn induced long-term depression (LTD) in NK1R+ neurons and antinociception through activation of endogenous adenosinergic mechanisms. Suppression of astrocyte activation by pharmacologic, chemogenetic, and optogenetic manipulations blocked the induction of LTD in NK1R+ neurons and pain inhibition by Aβ-fiber stimulation. Collectively, our study introduces astrocytes as an important component of pain gating by activation of Aβ-fibers, which thus exert nonneuronal control of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil C. Ford
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaoqiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Anderson
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - LaTasha K. Crawford
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Caterina
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Neuroinflammation in Primary Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Attenuated in the Presence of Adipose Tissue-Derived Medicinal Signalling Cells (AdMSCs) in a Co-cultivation Model. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:475-494. [PMID: 34716556 PMCID: PMC8786781 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation within the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord induces inflammatory pain with symptoms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Glial activation and production of inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines) is associated with modulation of nociceptive signalling. In this context, medicinal signalling cells, e.g. obtained from adipose tissue (AdMSCs), gained attention due to their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response in several diseases, e.g. spinal cord injury. We applied the recently established mixed neuroglial primary cell culture of the rat SDH to investigate effects of AdMSCs on the inflammatory response of SDH cells. Following establishment of a co-cultivation system, we performed specific bioassays for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6, RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry to detect changes in cytokine production and glial activation upon inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) by SDH cells was significantly attenuated in the presence of AdMSCs. Further evidence for anti-inflammatory capacities of AdMSCs derived from a blunted LPS-induced TNFα/IL-10 expression ratio and suppressed nuclear translocation of the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in SDH microglial cells. Expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) was detected in AdMSCs, which are putative candidates for anti-inflammatory capacities of these cells. We present a novel co-cultivation system of AdMSCs with neuroglial primary cultures of the SDH to investigate immunomodulatory effects of AdMSCs at a cellular level.
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Li YL, Chang XR, Ma JT, Zhao X, Yin LT, Yan LJ, Guo JH, Zhang C, Yang XR. Activation of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors suppressed formalin-induced nociception. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:319-326. [PMID: 34657305 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intraplantar injection of formalin produces persistent spontaneous nociception and hyperalgesia. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unclear. The present study was, therefore, designed to determine the roles of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in formalin-evoked spontaneous nociception. Pre-treatment with intraplantar injections of L-serine-O-phosphate (L-SOP), a group III mGluRs agonist, significantly inhibited formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours and decreased Fos production in the spinal dorsal horn. The inhibitory effects of L-SOP were abolished completely by pre-treatment with the group III mGluR antagonist (RS)-a-methylserine-O-phosphate (M-SOP). These data suggest that the activation of group III mGluRs in the periphery may play a differential role in formalin-induced nociception. In addition, L-SOP decreased the formalin-induced upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as interleukine-1β (IL-1β) expression in the spinal cord, suggesting that activation of peripheral group III mGluRs reduces formalin-induced nociception through inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Therefore, the agonists acting peripheral group III mGluRs possess therapeutic effectiveness in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xin-Rui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Jin-Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Li-Tian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Jun-Hong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
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Inhibiting endocytosis in CGRP + nociceptors attenuates inflammatory pain-like behavior. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5812. [PMID: 34608164 PMCID: PMC8490418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantage of locally applied anesthetics is that they are not associated with the many adverse effects, including addiction liability, of systemically administered analgesics. This therapeutic approach has two inherent pitfalls: specificity and a short duration of action. Here, we identified nociceptor endocytosis as a promising target for local, specific, and long-lasting treatment of inflammatory pain. We observed preferential expression of AP2α2, an α-subunit isoform of the AP2 complex, within CGRP+/IB4- nociceptors in rodents and in CGRP+ dorsal root ganglion neurons from a human donor. We utilized genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit nociceptor endocytosis demonstrating its role in the development and maintenance of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. One-time injection of an AP2 inhibitor peptide significantly reduced acute and chronic pain-like behaviors and provided prolonged analgesia. We evidenced sexually dimorphic recovery responses to this pharmacological approach highlighting the importance of sex differences in pain development and response to analgesics. The authors show the endocytotic adaptor subunit called AP2A2 is differentially expressed in CGRP+ nociceptors. Locally inhibiting nociceptor endocytosis with a lipidated AP2 inhibitor peptide reduces acute and chronic pain-like behaviour in mice and rats, indicating prolonged analgesia.
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The anti-nociceptive activity of naringenin passes through L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway and opioid receptors. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:590-598. [PMID: 34483246 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a promising flavonoid, naringenin has shown potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties mainly in inflammatory pain models by oral administration. Therefore, we investigated the antinociceptive activity of this compound by intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration, as well as, associated mechanism of action considering the involvement of L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP (cGMP)/potassium channel (KATP) pathway and opioid receptors. The antinociceptive effect of naringenin was evaluated in male NMRI mice using formalin test at early and late phases. To assess the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP pathway and opioid receptors, mice were pretreated i.p. with L-arginine (NO precursor), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, NO donor), N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase), sildenafil (inhibitor of phosphodiesterase enzyme), glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker) and naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist), respectively 20 min before administration of the most effective dose of naringenin. Naringenin showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect at both early and late phases of the formalin test. The dose of 100 mg/kg of naringenin was identified as the most effective dose and selected for further experiments. Our mechanistic evaluations showed that L-arginine, SNAP and sildenafil could enhance the antinociceptive effects of naringenin, revealing the critical role of NO and cGMP during its antinociceptive effect. On the other hand, glibenclamide and naloxone could mitigate the antinociceptive potential of naringenin at both phases of formalin test, which confirmed the associated role of KATP channels and opioid receptors. In conclusion, naringenin could be a promising antinociceptive agent acting through opioid receptors and L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway.
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Wen ZH, Huang SY, Kuo HM, Chen CT, Chen NF, Chen WF, Tsui KH, Liu HT, Sung CS. Fumagillin Attenuates Spinal Angiogenesis, Neuroinflammation, and Pain in Neuropathic Rats after Chronic Constriction Injury. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091187. [PMID: 34572376 PMCID: PMC8470034 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Angiogenesis in the central nervous system is visible in animal models of neuroinflammation and bone cancer pain. However, whether spinal angiogenesis exists and contributes to central sensitization in neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study analyzes the impact of angiogenesis on spinal neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain. Methods: Rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve underwent the implantation of an intrathecal catheter. Fumagillin or vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody (anti-VEGF-A) was administered intrathecally. Nociceptive behaviors, cytokine immunoassay, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis assessed the effect of angiogenesis inhibition on CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Results: VEGF, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) expressions increased after CCI in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord compared to that in the contralateral side of CCI and control rats from post-operative day (POD) 7 to 28, with a peak at POD 14. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 concentrations, but not IL-10 levels, also increased in the ipsilateral spinal cord after CCI. Fumagillin and anti-VEGF-A reduced CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia from POD 5 to 14 and mechanical allodynia from POD 3 to 14. Fumagillin reduced CCI-upregulated expressions of angiogenic factors and astrocytes. Furthermore, fumagillin decreased TNF-α and IL-6 amounts and increased IL-10 levels at POD 7 and 14, but not IL-1β concentrations. Conclusions: Fumagillin significantly ameliorates CCI-induced nociceptive sensitization, spinal angiogenesis, and astrocyte activation. Our results suggest that angiogenesis inhibitor treatment suppresses peripheral neuropathy-induced central angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, astrocyte activation, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (H.-M.K.); (C.-T.C.); (W.-F.C.)
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (H.-M.K.); (C.-T.C.); (W.-F.C.)
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ting Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (H.-M.K.); (C.-T.C.); (W.-F.C.)
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802301, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (H.-M.K.); (C.-T.C.); (W.-F.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Sung Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7549; Fax: +886-2-2875-1597
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Boakye PA, Tang SJ, Smith PA. Mediators of Neuropathic Pain; Focus on Spinal Microglia, CSF-1, BDNF, CCL21, TNF-α, Wnt Ligands, and Interleukin 1β. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:698157. [PMID: 35295524 PMCID: PMC8915739 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.698157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intractable neuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of nerve injury or disease. When peripheral nerves are injured, damaged axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Schwann cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and epithelial cells are activated leading to the generation of an "inflammatory soup" containing cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. These primary mediators sensitize sensory nerve endings, attract macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function in primary afferent neurons. This leads to increased excitability and spontaneous activity and the generation of secondary mediators including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), chemokine C-C motif ligand 21 (CCL-21), Wnt3a, and Wnt5a. Release of these mediators from primary afferent neurons alters the properties of spinal microglial cells causing them to release tertiary mediators, in many situations via ATP-dependent mechanisms. Tertiary mediators such as BDNF, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and other Wnt ligands facilitate the generation and transmission of nociceptive information by increasing excitatory glutamatergic transmission and attenuating inhibitory GABA and glycinergic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. This review focusses on activation of microglia by secondary mediators, release of tertiary mediators from microglia and a description of their actions in the spinal dorsal horn. Attention is drawn to the substantial differences in the precise roles of various mediators in males compared to females. At least 25 different mediators have been identified but the similarity of their actions at sensory nerve endings, in the dorsal root ganglia and in the spinal cord means there is considerable redundancy in the available mechanisms. Despite this, behavioral studies show that interruption of the actions of any single mediator can relieve signs of pain in experimental animals. We draw attention this paradox. It is difficult to explain how inactivation of one mediator can relieve pain when so many parallel pathways are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Boakye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Peter A. Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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König C, Vazquez E, Eß S, Ebbinghaus M, Vorpahl B, Ebersberger A, Schaible HG. Spinal interleukin-1β induces mechanical spinal hyperexcitability in rats: Interactions and redundancies with TNF and IL-6. J Neurochem 2021; 158:898-911. [PMID: 34050952 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both spinal tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the development of "mechanical" spinal hyperexcitability in inflammatory pain states. Recently, we found that spinal sensitization by TNF was significantly reduced by blockade of spinal IL-6 signaling suggesting that IL-6 signaling is involved in spinal TNF effects. Here, we explored whether spinal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), also implicated in inflammatory pain, induces "mechanical" spinal hyperexcitability, and whether spinal IL-1β effects are related to TNF and IL-6 effects. We recorded the responses of spinal cord neurons to mechanical stimulation of the knee joint in vivo and used cellular approaches on microglial and astroglial cell lines to identify interactions of IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6. Spinal application of IL-1β in anesthetized rats modestly enhanced responses of spinal cord neurons to innocuous and noxious mechanical joint stimulation. This effect was blocked by minocycline indicating microglia involvement, and significantly attenuated by interfering with IL-6 signaling. In the BV2 microglial cell line, IL-1β, like TNF, enhanced the release of soluble IL-6 receptor, necessary for spinal IL-6 actions. Different to TNF, IL-1β caused SNB-19 astrocytes to release interleukin-11. The generation of "mechanical" spinal hyperexcitability by IL-1β was more pronounced upon spinal TNF neutralization with etanercept, suggesting that concomitant TNF limits IL-1β effects. In BV2 cells, TNF stimulated the release of IL-1Ra, an endogenous IL-1β antagonist. Thus, spinal IL-1β has the potential to induce spinal hyperexcitability sharing with TNF dependency on IL-6 signaling, but TNF also limited IL-1β effects explaining the modest effect of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian König
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Enrique Vazquez
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabrina Eß
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Björn Vorpahl
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Ebersberger
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Lu J, Yang L, Xu Y, Ai L, Chen J, Xiong F, Hu L, Chen H, Liu J, Yan X, Huang H, Chen L, Yu C. The Modulatory Effect of Motor Cortex Astrocytes on Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5287-5302. [PMID: 33753547 PMCID: PMC8211549 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2566-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes characterized by persistent pain. Emerging evidence links astrocytes to mechanical nociceptive processing, and the motor cortex (MCx) is a cerebral cortex region that is known to play a key role in pain regulation. However, the association between MCx astrocytes and DNP pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Here, we studied this association using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs to specifically manipulate MCx astrocytes. We proved that the selective inhibition of MCx astrocytes reduced DNP in streptozocin (STZ)-induced DNP models and discovered a potential mechanism by which astrocytes release cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, to increase neuronal activation in the MCx, thereby regulating pain. Together, these results demonstrate a pivotal role for MCx astrocytes in DNP pathogenesis and provide new insight into DNP treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lijing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Fangfang Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lihuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huoshu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiongbin Yan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Changxi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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Jabbari S, Bananej M, Zarei M, Komaki A, Hajikhani R. Effects of intrathecal and intracerebroventricular microinjection of kaempferol on pain: possible mechanisms of action. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:203-216. [PMID: 34084207 PMCID: PMC8102926 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.310527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Kaempferol (KM), a flavonoid, has an anti-inflammatory and anticancer effect and prevents many metabolic diseases. Nonetheless, very few studies have been done on the antinociceptive effects of KM. This research aimed at assessing the involvement of opioids, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, and inflammatory mediators in the antinociceptive effects of KM in male Wistar rats. Experimental approach: The intracerebroventricular and/or intrathecal administration of the compounds was done for examining their central impacts on the thermal and chemical pain by the tail-flick and formalin paw tests. For assessing the role of opioid and GABA receptors in the possible antinociceptive effects of KM, several antagonists were used. Also, a rotarod test was carried out for assessing motor performance. Findings/Results: The intracerebroventricular and/or intrathecal microinjections of KM (40 μg/rat) had partially antinociceptive effects in the tail-flick test in rats (P < 0.05). In the formalin paw model, the intrathecal microinjection of KM had antinociceptive effects in phase 1 (20 and 40 μg/rat; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and phase 2 (20 and 40 μg/rat; P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Using naloxonazine and/or bicuculline approved the involvement of opioid and GABA receptors in the central antinociceptive effects of KM, respectively. Moreover, KM reduced the expression levels of caspase 6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. The antinociceptive effects of KM were not linked to variations in the locomotor activity. Conclusion and implications: It can be concluded that KM has remarkable antinociceptive effects at a spinal level, which is associated with the presence of the inflammatory state. These impacts were undetectable following injections in the lateral ventricle. The possible mechanisms of KM antinociception are possibly linked to various modulatory pathways, including opioid and GABA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Jabbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bananej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ramin Hajikhani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Kimura LF, Novaes LS, Picolo G, Munhoz CD, Cheung CW, Camarini R. How environmental enrichment balances out neuroinflammation in chronic pain and comorbid depression and anxiety disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1640-1660. [PMID: 34076891 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety commonly occur in chronic pain states and the coexistence of these diseases worsens outcomes for both disorders and may reduce treatment adherence and response. Despite the advances in the knowledge of chronic pain mechanisms, pharmacological treatment is still unsatisfactory. Research based on exposure to environmental enrichment is currently under investigation and seems to offer a promising low-cost strategy with no side effects. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation as a major biological substrate and aetiological factor of chronic pain and depression/anxiety and report a collection of preclinical evidence of the effects and mechanisms of environmental enrichment. As microglia participates in the development of both conditions, we also discuss microglia as a potential target underlying the beneficial actions of environmental enrichment in chronic pain and comorbid depression/anxiety. We also discuss how alternative interventions under clinical guidelines, such as environmental enrichment, may improve treatment compliance and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Kimura
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Novaes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina D Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chi W Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Lee J, Hwang H, Lee SJ. Distinct roles of GT1b and CSF-1 in microglia activation in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211020918. [PMID: 34056970 PMCID: PMC8168050 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211020918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microglia activation plays an important role in the development of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, the molecular mechanisms of spinal cord microglia activation in nerve injury are not completely understood. Recently, two injured sensory neuron-derived molecules, colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and GT1b, were proposed to trigger spinal cord microglia activation, yet their relationship and relative contribution to microglia activation have not been addressed. In the present study, the role of GT1b and CSF-1 in microglia activation and proliferation was characterized. GT1b stimulation upregulated proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), without microglia proliferation. Conversely, CSF-1 stimulation induced microglia proliferation with minimal proinflammatory gene induction. Notably, neither GT1b nor CSF-1 induced mechanical hypersensitivity in female mice; however, they induced similar microglial proliferation in both male and female mice. Taken together, our data indicate that injured sensory neuron-derived GT1b and CSF-1 activate spinal cord microglia in concert through distinct activation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heehong Hwang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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47
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Ye G, Lin C, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Chen Y, Kong L, Yuan L, Ma T. Quercetin Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in the Rat CCI Model by Mediating AMPK/MAPK Pathway. J Pain Res 2021; 14:1289-1301. [PMID: 34040433 PMCID: PMC8141401 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s298727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Quercetin (que) is one abundant flavonol with a variety of biological activities. Previous studies have shown quercetin can reduce neuropathic pain in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). Objective To evaluate the effects of quercetin on neuropathic pain in CCI model and explore its underlying mechanism in vivo. Materials and Methods CCI model was established by ligating the sciatic nerve of right leg on the SD rats. They were divided into ten groups: sham group, CCI model, sham+ que, CCI+ que group (30, 60, 120 mg/kg), CCI+ AICAR, CCI+ que+ compound C, CCI+etoricoxib, and the control group. They were administered for 28 days, and were performed the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, sciatic nerves and spinal cord segments of rats were collected, ELISA detected the expression of inflammatory factors, detected the microglia and astrocytes with fluorescence, and Western blot detected AMPK/MAPK pathway. Results Que could increase the MWT of CCI rats, improve the TWL of plantar, and reduce the inflammatory cells at the ligation site of the sciatic nerve. Also, que could reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Western blotting results showed that p-38 MAPK, p-ERK, and p-JNK were activated in the spinal dorsal horn of CCI model group. After treatment with que and AMPK agonists, the phosphorylation levels of related proteins were inhibited. In addition, the analgesic effect of que was abolished when the AMPK inhibitor was added. Discussion and Conclusion Quercetin alleviated the inflammatory response of sciatic nerve and spinal dorsal horn in rats induced by CCI. Quercetin alleviates neuralgia in CCI rats by activating AMPK pathway and inhibiting MAPK pathway and its downstream targets, p-38, p-ERK, and p-JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Ma
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingsi Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
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Sica A, Casale B, Sagnelli C, Di Dato MT, Rispoli M, Santagata M, Buonavolontà P, Fiorelli A, Vitiello P, Caccavale S, Creta M, Salzano AM, Sagnelli E, Saracco E, Gazzerro G, Famiglietti V, Tammaro D, Papa A. Chronic Chest Pain Control after Trans-Thoracic Biopsy in Mediastinal Lymphomas. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:589. [PMID: 34069774 PMCID: PMC8157245 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chest pain following a trans-thoracic biopsy often has multiple etiologies, especially in patients with lymphomas. Pathological neuronal mechanisms integrate with an overproduction of IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β by macrophages and monocytes, which amplifies inflammation and pain. In consideration of this complex pathogenesis, international guidelines recommend diversified analgesia protocols: thoracic epidural, paravertebral block, and systemic administration of opioids. This study reports an attempt to reduce chest pain and prevent chronic pain in 51 patients undergoing trans-thoracic biopsy for mediastinal lymphoma. The entity of pain, measured 72nd hour after biopsy by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), was compared with that seen at a 6th month checkpoint in 46 patients. The pain decreased in all cases. At the 6th month checkpoint, among 31 opioid-treated patients, none of the 16 patients with NRS < 6 within the 72nd hour post biopsy had developed chronic chest pain, while 8 of the 15 with higher values did (p < 0.01). Of 10 patients undergoing thoracotomy and treated with opioids, eight had a NRS of no more than 2, of which six had no chronic pain. Of the twenty-one patients who underwent VATS biopsy and were treated with opioids, fifteen had NRS no greater than 2, of which ten had no chronic pain. Subgroups of patients biopsied under mediastinotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and treated with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) or PVB were too small for such analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Sica
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Beniamino Casale
- Department of Pneumology and Tisiology, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Caterina Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Di Dato
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco Rispoli
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical Surgery and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pietro Buonavolontà
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paola Vitiello
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Caccavale
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Creta
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Evangelista Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Saracco
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Gazzerro
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Famiglietti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Dario Tammaro
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Alfonso Papa
- Pain Department, AORN Dei Colli-V. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.D.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (A.M.S.); (E.S.); (G.G.); (D.T.); (A.P.)
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Ehsanian R, Koshkin E, Goins AE, Montera MA, Alles S. Pre- and Post-Interventional Changes in Physiological Profiles in a Patient Presenting With Opioid Withdrawal After Intrathecal Drug Delivery System Failure Related to Assumed Catheter Microfracture. Cureus 2021; 13:e14835. [PMID: 34104585 PMCID: PMC8173817 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) is successfully utilized for the treatment of chronic pain conditions; however, they are associated with complications related to human error and system failure. A case report is presented of a patient with opioid withdrawal (OW) secondary to assumed catheter microfracture. Interrogation of the IDDS allowed for the collection of pre- and post-treatment/stabilization cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is used to investigate the possible physiological determinants of OW. A 46-year-old female with a history of low back pain after traumatic low back injury status post-IDDS placement for failed back surgery syndrome presented with signs and symptoms concerning for OW. After every other possible explanation was ruled out, it was hypothesized that there may be IDDS catheter microfracture(s), and catheter replacement led to symptom resolution. There were no significant differences in cytokine levels tested in pre-CSF versus post-CSF samples. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology analysis of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors after treatment with pre- and post-CSF samples demonstrated modulation of action potential waveform. In patients presenting with acute OW attribution IDDS malfunction, catheter microfracture must be in the differential, and non-conventional interrogation of the IDDS catheter should be considered. The possible differences in pre-CSF and post-CSF may be more complicated than previously postulated, as there were no significant differences in cytokine profiles; however, treatment of in vitro neurons with pre- and post-CSF resulted in differential neuronal excitability, which may account for some of the symptoms of OW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ehsanian
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Eugene Koshkin
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Aleyah E Goins
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Marena A Montera
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Sascha Alles
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
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50
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Kim HW, Won CH, Oh SB. Lack of correlation between spinal microgliosis and long-term development of tactile hypersensitivity in two different sciatic nerve crush injury. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211011326. [PMID: 33906495 PMCID: PMC8108074 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211011326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation following peripheral nerve injury has been shown to contribute to central sensitization of the spinal cord for the development of neuropathic pain. In a recent study, we reported that the amount of nerve damage does not necessarily correlate with chronic pain development. Here we compared the response of spinal microglia, using immunohistochemistry as a surrogate of microglial activation, in mice with two different types of crush injury of the sciatic nerve. We confirmed that incomplete crush of the sciatic nerve (partial crush injury, PCI) resulted in tactile hypersensitivity after the recovery of sensory function (15 days after surgery), whereas the hypersensitivity was not observed after the complete crush (full crush injury, FCI). We observed that immunoreactivity for Iba-1, a microglial marker, was greater in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of lumbar (L4) spinal cord of mice 2 days after FCI compared to PCI, positively correlating with the intensity of crush injury. Ipsilateral Iba-1 reactivity was comparable between injuries at 7 days with a significant increase compared to the contralateral side. By day 15 after injury, ipsilateral Iba-1 immunoreactivity was much reduced compared to day 7 and was not different between the groups. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the early microgliosis is dependent on injury severity, but does not necessarily correlate with the long-term development of chronic pain-like hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Won
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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