1
|
Witkin JM, Radin DP, Rana S, Fuller DD, Fusco AF, Demers JC, Pradeep Thakre P, Smith JL, Lippa A, Cerne R. AMPA receptors play an important role in the biological consequences of spinal cord injury: Implications for AMPA receptor modulators for therapeutic benefit. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116302. [PMID: 38763261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) afflicts millions of individuals globally. There are few therapies available to patients. Ascending and descending excitatory glutamatergic neural circuits in the central nervous system are disrupted by SCI, making α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) a potential therapeutic drug target. Emerging research in preclinical models highlights the involvement of AMPARs in vital processes following SCI including breathing, pain, inflammation, bladder control, and motor function. However, there are no clinical trial data reported in this patient population to date. No work on the role of AMPA receptors in sexual dysfunction after SCI has been disclosed. Compounds with selective antagonist and potentiating effects on AMPA receptors have benefit in animal models of SCI, with antagonists generally showing protective effects early after injury and potentiators (ampakines) producing improved breathing and bladder function. The role of AMPARs in pathophysiology and recovery after SCI depends upon the time post injury, and the timing of AMPAR augmentation or antagonism. The roles of inflammation, synaptic plasticity, sensitization, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotection are considered in this context. The data summarized and discussed in this paper document proof of principle and strongly encourage additional studies on AMPARs as novel gateways to therapeutic benefit for patients suffering from SCI. The availability of both AMPAR antagonists such as perampanel and AMPAR allosteric modulators (i.e., ampakines) such as CX1739, that have been safely administered to humans, provides an expedited means of clinical inquiry for possible therapeutic advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Trauma Research, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Sabhya Rana
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna F Fusco
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie C Demers
- Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Prajwal Pradeep Thakre
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arnold Lippa
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA
| | - Rok Cerne
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dhume SH, Balogun K, Sarkar A, Acosta S, Mount HTJ, Cahill LS, Sled JG, Serghides L. Perinatal exposure to atazanavir-based antiretroviral regimens in a mouse model leads to differential long-term motor and cognitive deficits dependent on the NRTI backbone. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1376681. [PMID: 38646101 PMCID: PMC11027900 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1376681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in pregnancy has been pivotal in improving maternal health and reducing perinatal HIV transmission. However, children born HIV-exposed uninfected fall behind their unexposed peers in several areas including neurodevelopment. The contribution of in utero ART exposure to these deficits is not clear. Here we present our findings of neurocognitive outcomes in adult mice exposed in utero to ART. Methods Dams were treated with a combination of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir with either abacavir plus lamivudine (ABC/3TC + ATV/r) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (TDF/FTC + ATV/r), or water as a control, administered daily from day of plug detection to birth. Offspring underwent a battery of behavioral tests that investigated motor performance and cognition starting at 6-weeks of age and ending at 8 months. Changes in brain structure were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes involved in neural circuitry and synaptic transmission were assessed in the hippocampus, a region strongly associated with memory formation, using qPCR. Findings Pups exposed to TDF/FTC + ATV/r showed increased motor activity and exploratory drive, and deficits in hippocampal-dependent working memory and social interaction, while pups exposed to ABC/3TC + ATV/r showed increased grooming, and deficits in working memory and social interaction. Significant volumetric reductions in the brain were seen only in the ABC/3TC + ATV/r group and were associated with reduced neuronal counts in the hippocampus. Altered neurotransmitter receptor mRNA expression as well as changes in expression of the neurotrophic factor BDNF and its receptors were observed in both ART-exposed groups in a sex-dependent manner. Interpretation In our model, in utero ART exposure had long-term effects on brain development and cognitive and motor outcomes in adulthood. Our data show that neurological outcomes can be influenced by the type of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone of the regimen and not just the base drug, and display sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya H. Dhume
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kayode Balogun
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ambalika Sarkar
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Acosta
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard T. J. Mount
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Psychiatry and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay S. Cahill
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John G. Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liester M, Wilkenson R, Patterson B, Liang B. Very Low-Dose Sublingual Ketamine for Borderline Personality Disorder and Treatment-Resistant Depression. Cureus 2024; 16:e57654. [PMID: 38707115 PMCID: PMC11070208 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are common mental disorders that are challenging to treat. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that has shown promise as a rapid-acting antidepressant when administered intravenously. BPD symptoms have also been demonstrated to improve with repeated intravenous administration of ketamine, and a single case report described improvement in BPD following the intranasal administration of esketamine. We present a case report of a woman with BPD and TRD who responded to treatment with very low-dose sublingual ketamine. Very low-dose sublingual ketamine may be effective for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as BPD and/or comorbid TRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Liester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Rachel Wilkenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Matthews-Vu Medical Group, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Barry Patterson
- Department of Pharmacy, The Medicine Shoppe, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Bertrand Liang
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen F, Li L, Huang M, Wang Y, Wang L, Jin F, Yang L, Gao M, Li L, Wang Y, Zhou L, Yang J, Yao G, Li Q, Yang X. Natural product Kaji-ichigoside F1 exhibits rapid antidepression via activating the AMPA-BDNF-mTOR pathway and inhibiting the NMDAR-CaMKIIα pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155452. [PMID: 38422650 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and recurrent neuropsychiatric disorder. Recent studies have shown that the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Previous studies have found that Kaji-ichigoside F1 (KF1) has a protective effect against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity. However, the antidepressant mechanism of KF1 has not been confirmed yet. PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the rapid antidepressant activity of KF1 and explore the underlying mechanism. STUDY DESIGN First, we explored the effect of KF1 on NMDA-induced hippocampal neurons and the underlying mechanism. Second, depression was induced in C57BL/6 mice via chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and the immediate and persistent depression-like behavior was evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST) after a single administration of KF1. Third, the contributions of NMDA signaling to the antidepressant effect of KF1 were investigated using pharmacological interventions. Fourth, CUMS mice were treated with KF1 for 21 days, and then their depression-like behaviors and the underlying mechanism were further explored. METHODS The FST was used to evaluate immediate and persistent depression-like behavior after a single administration of KF1 with or without NMDA pretreatment. The effect of KF1 on depressive-like behavior was investigated in CUMS mice by treating them with KF1 once daily for 21 days through the sucrose preference test, FST, open field test, and tail suspension test. Then, the effects of KF1 on the morphology and molecular and functional phenotypes of primary neuronal cells and hippocampus of mice were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, propidium iodide staining, TUNEL staining, Ca2+ imaging, JC-1 staining, ELISA, immunofluorescence analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot. RESULTS KF1 could effectively improve cellular viability, reduce apoptosis, inhibit the release of LDH and Ca2+, and increase the mitochondrial membrane potential and the number of dendritic spines numbers in hippocampal neurons. Moreover, behavioral tests showed that KF1 exerted acute and sustained antidepressant-like effects by reducing Glu-levels and ameliorating neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that PSD95, Syn1, α-amino-3‑hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were upregulated at the protein level, and BDNF and AMPA were upregulated at the mRNA level. NR1 and NR2A showed the opposite trend. CONCLUSION These results confirm that KF1 exerts rapid antidepressant effects mainly by activating the AMPA-BDNF-mTOR pathway and inhibiting the NMDAR-CaMKIIα pathway. This study serves as a new reference for discovering rapid antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faju Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Liangqun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Maoyang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yuankai Wang
- Huaxi District People,s Hospital, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Fengli Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lishou Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lilang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Guanping Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Qiji Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Product Efficient Utilization in Guizhou, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qneibi M, Bdir S, Bdair M, Aldwaik SA, Sandouka D, Heeh M, Idais TI. AMPA receptor neurotransmission and therapeutic applications: A comprehensive review of their multifaceted modulation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116151. [PMID: 38237342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The neuropharmacological community has shown a strong interest in AMPA receptors as critical components of excitatory synaptic transmission during the last fifteen years. AMPA receptors, members of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, allow rapid excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. AMPA receptors, which are permeable to sodium and potassium ions, manage the bulk of the brain's rapid synaptic communications. This study thoroughly examines the recent developments in AMPA receptor regulation, focusing on a shift from single chemical illustrations to a more extensive investigation of underlying processes. The complex interplay of these modulators in modifying the function and structure of AMPA receptors is the main focus, providing insight into their influence on the speed of excitatory neurotransmission. This research emphasizes the potential of AMPA receptor modulation as a therapy for various neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Analyzing these regulators' sophisticated molecular details enhances our comprehension of neuropharmacology, representing a significant advancement in using AMPA receptors for treating intricate neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Sosana Bdir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Bdair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Samia Ammar Aldwaik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Dana Sandouka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Tala Iyad Idais
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baudry M, Bi X. Revisiting the calpain hypothesis of learning and memory 40 years later. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1337850. [PMID: 38361744 PMCID: PMC10867166 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1337850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In 1984, Gary Lynch and Michel Baudry published in Science a novel biochemical hypothesis for learning and memory, in which they postulated that the calcium-dependent protease, calpain, played a critical role in regulating synaptic properties and the distribution of glutamate receptors, thereby participating in memory formation in hippocampus. Over the following 40 years, much work has been done to refine this hypothesis and to provide convincing arguments supporting what was viewed at the time as a simplistic view of synaptic biochemistry. We have now demonstrated that the two major calpain isoforms in the brain, calpain-1 and calpain-2, execute opposite functions in both synaptic plasticity/learning and memory and in neuroprotection/neurodegeneration. Thus, calpain-1 activation is required for triggering long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission and learning of episodic memory, while calpain-2 activation limits the magnitude of LTP and the extent of learning. On the other hand, calpain-1 is neuroprotective while calpain-2 is neurodegenerative, and its prolonged activation following various types of brain insults leads to neurodegeneration. The signaling pathways responsible for these functions have been identified and involve local protein synthesis, cytoskeletal regulation, and regulation of glutamate receptors. Human families with mutations in calpain-1 have been reported to have impairment in motor and cognitive functions. Selective calpain-2 inhibitors have been synthesized and clinical studies to test their potential use to treat disorders associated with acute neuronal damage, such as traumatic brain injury, are being planned. This review will illustrate the long and difficult journey to validate a bold hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Baudry
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Francotte P, Bay Y, Goffin E, Colson T, Lesenfants C, Dorosz J, Laulumaa S, Fraikin P, de Tullio P, Beaufour C, Botez I, Pickering DS, Frydenvang K, Danober L, Kristensen AS, Kastrup JS, Pirotte B. Exploring thienothiadiazine dioxides as isosteric analogues of benzo- and pyridothiadiazine dioxides in the search of new AMPA and kainate receptor positive allosteric modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116036. [PMID: 38101041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation on AMPA and kainate receptors of new examples of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides is described. The introduction of a cyclopropyl chain instead of an ethyl chain at the 4-position of the thiadiazine ring was found to dramatically improve the potentiator activity on AMPA receptors, with compound 32 (BPAM395) expressing in vitro activity on AMPARs (EC2x = 0.24 μM) close to that of the reference 4-cyclopropyl-substituted benzothiadiazine dioxide 10 (BPAM344). Interestingly, the 4-allyl-substituted thienothiadiazine dioxide 27 (BPAM307) emerged as the most promising compound on kainate receptors being a more effective potentiator than the 4-cyclopropyl-substituted thienothiadiazine dioxide 32 and supporting the view that the 4-allyl substitution of the thiadiazine ring could be more favorable than the 4-cyclopropyl substitution to induce marked activity on kainate receptors versus AMPA receptors. The thieno-analogue 36 (BPAM279) of the clinically tested S18986 (11) was selected for in vivo evaluation in mice as a cognitive enhancer due to a safer profile than 32 after massive per os drug administration. Compound 36 was found to increase the cognition performance in mice at low doses (1 mg/kg) per os suggesting that the compound was well absorbed after oral administration and able to reach the central nervous system. Finally, compound 32 was selected for co-crystallization with the GluA2-LBD (L504Y,N775S) and glutamate to examine the binding mode of thienothiadiazine dioxides within the allosteric binding site of the AMPA receptor. At the allosteric site, this compound established similar interactions as the previously reported BTD-type AMPA receptor modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cindy Lesenfants
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Beaufour
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anders Skov Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koyya P, Manthari RK, Pandrangi SL. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - The Protective Agent Against Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:353-366. [PMID: 37287291 PMCID: PMC11348470 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230607110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of neurological illnesses on global health is significant. Our perception of the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying intellectual processing and behavior has significantly advanced over the last few decades, laying the groundwork for potential therapies for various neurodegenerative diseases. A growing body of literature reveals that most neurodegenerative diseases could be due to the gradual failure of neurons in the brain's neocortex, hippocampus, and various subcortical areas. Research on various experimental models has uncovered several gene components to understand the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. One among them is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which performs several vital functions, enhancing synaptic plasticity and assisting in the emergence of long-term thoughts. The pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, and Huntington's, has been linked to BDNF. According to numerous research, high levels of BDNF are connected to a lower risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease. As a result, we want to concentrate on BDNF in this article and outline its protective role against neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prathyusha Koyya
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Santhi Latha Pandrangi
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Riggs LM, Pereira EFR, Thompson SM, Gould TD. cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling is required for ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine to potentiate hippocampal glutamatergic transmission. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:64-74. [PMID: 38050689 PMCID: PMC11286304 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00326.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is a ketamine metabolite that shows rapid antidepressant-like effects in preclinical studies and lacks the adverse N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) inhibition-related properties of ketamine. Investigating how (2R,6R)-HNK exerts its antidepressant actions may be informative in the design of novel pharmacotherapies with improved safety and efficacy. We sought to identify the molecular substrates through which (2R,6R)-HNK induces functional changes at excitatory synapses, a prevailing hypothesis for how rapid antidepressant effects are initiated. We recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials in hippocampal slices from male Wistar Kyoto rats, which have impaired hippocampal plasticity and are resistant to traditional antidepressants. (2R,6R)-HNK (10 µM) led to a rapid potentiation of electrically evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials at Schaffer collateral CA1 stratum radiatum synapses. This potentiation was associated with a decrease in paired pulse facilitation, suggesting an increase in the probability of glutamate release. The (2R,6R)-HNK-induced potentiation was blocked by inhibiting either cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or its downstream target, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). As cAMP is a potent regulator of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, we assessed whether (2R,6R)-HNK exerts this acute potentiation through a rapid increase in cAMP-dependent BDNF-TrkB signaling. We found that the cAMP-PKA-dependent potentiation was not dependent on TrkB activation by BDNF, which functionally delimits the acute synaptic effects of (2R,6R)-HNK from its sustained BDNF-dependent actions in vivo. These results suggest that, by potentiating glutamate release via cAMP-PKA signaling, (2R,6R)-HNK initiates acute adaptations in fast excitatory synaptic transmission that promote structural plasticity leading to maintained antidepressant action.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant and its preclinical effects are mimicked by its (2R,6R)-(HNK) metabolite. We found that (2R,6R)-HNK initiates acute adaptations in fast excitatory synaptic transmission by potentiating glutamate release via cAMP-PKA signaling at hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses. This cAMP-PKA-dependent potentiation was not dependent on TrkB activation by BDNF, which functionally delimits the rapid synaptic effects of (2R,6R)-HNK from its sustained BDNF-dependent actions that are thought to maintain antidepressant action in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lace M Riggs
- Program in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Edna F R Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Scott M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dejanovic B, Sheng M, Hanson JE. Targeting synapse function and loss for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:23-42. [PMID: 38012296 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction and loss are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases that correlate with cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse synaptic damage remain elusive. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular pathways that impair synapses in neurodegenerative diseases, including the effects of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation. We also highlight emerging therapeutic approaches that aim to restore synaptic function and integrity, such as enhancing synaptic plasticity, preventing synaptotoxicity, modulating neuronal network activity and targeting immune signalling. We discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for each strategy, as well as the challenges and opportunities for developing effective synapse-targeting therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park EH, Kao HY, Jourdi H, van Dijk MT, Carrillo-Segura S, Tunnell KW, Gutierrez J, Wallace EJ, Troy-Regier M, Radwan B, Lesburguères E, Alarcon JM, Fenton AA. Phencyclidine Disrupts Neural Coordination and Cognitive Control by Dysregulating Translation. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:252-263. [PMID: 38298788 PMCID: PMC10829677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Phencyclidine (PCP) causes psychosis, is abused with increasing frequency, and was extensively used in antipsychotic drug discovery. PCP discoordinates hippocampal ensemble action potential discharge and impairs cognitive control in rats, but how this uncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist impairs cognition remains unknown. Methods The effects of PCP were investigated on hippocampal CA1 ensemble action potential discharge in vivo in urethane-anesthetized rats and during awake behavior in mice, on synaptic responses in ex vivo mouse hippocampus slices, in mice on a hippocampus-dependent active place avoidance task that requires cognitive control, and on activating the molecular machinery of translation in acute hippocampus slices. Mechanistic causality was assessed by comparing the PCP effects with the effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5), and subunit-selective NMDARs. Results Consistent with ionotropic actions, PCP discoordinated CA1 ensemble action potential discharge. PCP caused hyperactivity and impaired active place avoidance, despite the rodents having learned the task before PCP administration. Consistent with metabotropic actions, PCP exaggerated protein synthesis-dependent DHPG-induced mGluR1/5-stimulated long-term synaptic depression. Pretreatment with anisomycin or the mGluR1/5 antagonist MPEP, both of which repress translation, prevented PCP-induced discoordination and the cognitive and sensorimotor impairments. PCP as well as the NR2A-containing NMDAR antagonist NVP-AAM077 unbalanced translation that engages the Akt, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), and 4EBP1 translation machinery and increased protein synthesis, whereas the NR2B-containing antagonist Ro25-6981 did not. Conclusions PCP dysregulates translation, acting through NR2A-containing NMDAR subtypes, recruiting mGluR1/5 signaling pathways, and leading to neural discoordination that is central to the cognitive and sensorimotor impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Park
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hsin-Yi Kao
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hussam Jourdi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Milenna T. van Dijk
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Simón Carrillo-Segura
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
- Graduate Program in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York
| | - Kayla W. Tunnell
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Emma J. Wallace
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Matthew Troy-Regier
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Basma Radwan
- Graduate Program in Neural Science, Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - André A. Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim J, He MJ, Widmann AK, Lee FS. The role of neurotrophic factors in novel, rapid psychiatric treatments. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:227-245. [PMID: 37673965 PMCID: PMC10700398 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are a family of growth factors that modulate cellular growth, survival, and differentiation. For many decades, it has been generally believed that a lack of neurotrophic support led to the decreased neuronal synaptic plasticity, death, and loss of non-neuronal supportive cells seen in neuropsychiatric disorders. Traditional psychiatric medications that lead to immediate increases in neurotransmitter levels at the synapse have been shown also to elevate synaptic neurotrophic levels over weeks, correlating with the time course of the therapeutic effects of these drugs. Recent advances in psychiatric treatments, such as ketamine and psychedelics, have shown a much faster onset of therapeutic effects (within minutes to hours). They have also been shown to lead to a rapid release of neurotrophins into the synapse. This has spurred a significant shift in understanding the role of neurotrophins and how the receptor tyrosine kinases that bind neurotrophins may work in concert with other signaling systems. In this review, this renewed understanding of synaptic receptor signaling interactions and the clinical implications of this mechanistic insight will be discussed within the larger context of the well-established roles of neurotrophic factors in psychiatric disorders and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle J He
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alina K Widmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma H, Reeta KH, Sharma U, Suri V, Singh S. AMPA receptor modulation through sequential treatment with perampanel and aniracetam mitigates post-stroke damage in experimental model of ischemic stroke. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3529-3545. [PMID: 37231168 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of modulating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor (AMPAR) by inhibiting them in the acute phase and activating them in the sub-acute phase on post-stroke recovery in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of stroke in rats. After 90 min of MCAo, perampanel (an AMPAR antagonist, 1.5 mg/kg i.p) and aniracetam (an AMPA agonist, 50 mg/kg i.p.) were administered for different durations after MCAo. Later, after obtaining the best time point for the antagonist and the agonist treatment protocols, sequential treatment with perampanel and aniracetam were given, and the effect on neurological damage and post stroke recovery were assessed. Perampanel and aniracetam significantly protected MCAo-induced neurological damage and diminished the infarct percentage. Furthermore, treatment with these study drugs improved the motor coordination and grip strength. Sequential treatment with perampanel and aniracetam reduced the infarct percentage as assessed by MRI. Moreover, these compounds diminished the inflammation via reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) along with reductions in GFAP expression. Moreover, the neuroprotective markers (BDNF and TrkB) were found to be significantly increased. Levels of apoptotic markers (Bax, cleaved-caspase-3; Bcl2 and TUNEL positive cells) and neuronal damage (MAP-2) were normalized with the AMPA antagonist and agonist treatment. Expressions of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits of AMPAR were significantly enhanced with sequential treatment. The present study thus showed that modulation of AMPAR improves neurobehavioral deficits and reduces the infarct percentage through anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Can AT, Mitchell JS, Dutton M, Bennett M, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Insights into the neurobiology of suicidality: explicating the role of glutamatergic systems through the lens of ketamine. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:513-529. [PMID: 37329495 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Suicidality is a prevalent mental health condition, and managing suicidal patients is one of the most challenging tasks for health care professionals due to the lack of rapid-acting, effective psychopharmacological treatment options. According to the literature, suicide has neurobiological underpinnings that are not fully understood, and current treatments for suicidal tendencies have considerable limitations. To treat suicidality and prevent suicide, new treatments are required; to achieve this, the neurobiological processes underlying suicidal behavior must be thoroughly investigated. Although multiple neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonergic systems, have been studied in the past, less has been reported in relation to disruptions in glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal plasticity, and neurogenesis that result from stress-related abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Informed by the literature, which reports robust antisuicidal and antidepressive properties of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine, this review aims to provide an examination of the neurobiology of suicidality (and relevant mood disorders) with implications of pertinent animal, clinical, and postmortem studies. We discuss dysfunctions in the glutamatergic system, which may play a role in the neuropathology of suicidality and the role of ketamine in restoring synaptic connectivity at the molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Tevfik Can
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jules Shamus Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Dutton
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maxwell Bennett
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim J, Kim TE, Lee SH, Koo JW. The Role of Glutamate Underlying Treatment-resistant Depression. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 21:429-446. [PMID: 37424412 PMCID: PMC10335903 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.22.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The monoamine hypothesis has significantly improved our understanding of mood disorders and their treatment by linking monoaminergic abnormalities to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Even 50 years after the monoamine hypothesis was established, some patients do not respond to treatments for depression, including selective serotonin reuptake drugs. Accumulating evidence shows that patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have severe abnormalities in the neuroplasticity and neurotrophic factor pathways, indicating that different treatment approaches may be necessary. Therefore, the glutamate hypothesis is gaining attention as a novel hypothesis that can overcome monoamine restrictions. Glutamate has been linked to structural and maladaptive morphological alterations in several brain areas associated with mood disorders. Recently, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has shown efficacy in TRD treatment and has received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval, revitalizing psychiatry research. However, the mechanism by which ketamine improves TRD remains unclear. In this review, we re-examined the glutamate hypothesis, bringing the glutamate system onboard to join the modulation of the monoamine systems, emphasizing the most prominent ketamine antidepressant mechanisms, such as NMDAR inhibition and NMDAR disinhibition in GABAergic interneurons. Furthermore, we discuss the animal models used in preclinical studies and the sex differences in the effects of ketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseop Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lullau APM, Haga EMW, Ronold EH, Dwyer GE. Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: a review of actions with relevance to treatment-resistance and neuroprogression. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1223145. [PMID: 37614344 PMCID: PMC10442706 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1223145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent with recent insights into the neuroprogressive nature of depression, ketamine shows promise in interfering with several neuroprogressive factors, and has been suggested to reverse neuropathological patterns seen in depression. These insights come at a time of great need for novel approaches, as prevalence is rising and current treatment options remain inadequate for a large number of people. The rapidly growing literature on ketamine's antidepressant potential has yielded multiple proposed mechanisms of action, many of which have implications for recently elucidated aspects of depressive pathology. This review aims to provide the reader with an understanding of neuroprogressive aspects of depressive pathology and how ketamine is suggested to act on it. Literature was identified through PubMed and Google Scholar, and the reference lists of retrieved articles. When reviewing the evidence of depressive pathology, a picture emerges of four elements interacting with each other to facilitate progressive worsening, namely stress, inflammation, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Ketamine acts on all of these levels of pathology, with rapid and potent reductions of depressive symptoms. Converging evidence suggests that ketamine works to increase stress resilience and reverse stress-induced dysfunction, modulate systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, attenuate neurotoxic processes and glial dysfunction, and facilitate synaptogenesis rather than neurodegeneration. Still, much remains to be revealed about ketamine's antidepressant mechanisms of action, and research is lacking on the durability of effect. The findings discussed herein calls for more longitudinal approaches when determining efficacy and its relation to neuroprogressive factors, and could provide relevant considerations for clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- August P. M. Lullau
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emily M. W. Haga
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind H. Ronold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerard E. Dwyer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
VanderZwaag J, Halvorson T, Dolhan K, Šimončičová E, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ. The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1129-1166. [PMID: 36327017 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is much excitement surrounding recent research of promising, mechanistically novel psychotherapeutics - psychedelic, anesthetic, and dissociative agents - as they have demonstrated surprising efficacy in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as mood disorders and addiction. However, the mechanisms by which these drugs provide such profound psychological benefits are still to be fully elucidated. Microglia, the CNS's resident innate immune cells, are emerging as a cellular target for psychiatric disorders because of their critical role in regulating neuroplasticity and the inflammatory environment of the brain. The following paper is a review of recent literature surrounding these neuropharmacological therapies and their demonstrated or hypothesized interactions with microglia. Through investigating the mechanism of action of psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, ketamine, and propofol, we demonstrate a largely under-investigated role for microglia in much of the emerging research surrounding these pharmacological agents. Among others, we detail sigma-1 receptors, serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acid signalling, and tryptophan metabolism as pathways through which these agents modulate microglial phagocytic activity and inflammatory mediator release, inducing their therapeutic effects. The current review includes a discussion on future directions in the field of microglial pharmacology and covers bidirectional implications of microglia and these novel pharmacological agents in aging and age-related disease, glial cell heterogeneity, and state-of-the-art methodologies in microglial research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared VanderZwaag
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kira Dolhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Šimončičová
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deyama S, Aoki S, Sugie R, Fukuda H, Shuto S, Minami M, Kaneda K. Intranasal Administration of Resolvin E1 Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects via BDNF/VEGF-mTORC1 Signaling in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:484-501. [PMID: 36622634 PMCID: PMC10121976 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular infusion of resolvin E1 (RvE1), a bioactive metabolite derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, exerts antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression; these effects are blocked by systemic injection of rapamycin, a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor. Additionally, local infusion of RvE1 into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) produces antidepressant-like effects. To evaluate the potential of RvE1 for clinical use, the present study examined whether treatment with RvE1 via intranasal (i.n.) route, a non-invasive route for effective drug delivery to the brain, produces antidepressant-like effects in LPS-challenged mice using tail suspension and forced swim tests. Intranasal administration of RvE1 significantly attenuated LPS-induced immobility, and these antidepressant-like effects were completely blocked by an AMPA receptor antagonist or L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker. The antidepressant-like effects of both i.n. and intra-mPFC administrations of RvE1 were blocked by intra-mPFC infusion of a neutralizing antibody (nAb) for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Intra-mPFC infusion of rapamycin completely blocked the antidepressant-like effects of both i.n. and intra-mPFC administrations of RvE1 as well as those of intra-mPFC infusion of BDNF and VEGF. Moreover, i.n. RvE1 produced antidepressant-like effects via mTORC1 activation in the mPFC of a mouse model of repeated prednisolone-induced depression. Intra-dorsal DG infusion of BDNF and VEGF nAbs, but not rapamycin, blocked the antidepressant-like effects of i.n. RvE1. These findings suggest that i.n. administration of RvE1 produces antidepressant-like effects through activity-dependent BDNF/VEGF release in the mPFC and dorsal DG, and mTORC1 activation in the mPFC, but not in the dorsal DG. Thus, RvE1 can be a promising candidate for a novel rapid-acting antidepressant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Shun Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Rinako Sugie
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hayato Fukuda
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cardona-Acosta AM, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Role of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in the antidepressant effects of ketamine. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109374. [PMID: 36516891 PMCID: PMC9839658 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a complex and highly heterogeneous disorder which diagnosis is based on an exceedingly variable set of clinical symptoms. Current treatments focus almost exclusively on the manipulation of monoamine neurotransmitter systems, but despite considerable efforts, these remain inadequate for a significant proportion of those afflicted by the disorder. The emergence of racemic (R, S)-ketamine as a fast-acting antidepressant has provided an exciting new path for the study of major depressive disorder (MDD) and the search for better therapeutics for its treatment. Previous work suggested that ketamine's mechanism of action is primarily mediated via blockaded of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, however, this is an area of active research and clinical and preclinical evidence now indicate that ketamine acts on multiple systems. The last couple of decades have cemented the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway's involvement in the pathogenesis of MDD and related mood disorders. Exposure to negative stress dysregulates dopamine neuronal activity disrupting reward and motivational processes resulting in anhedonia (lack of pleasure), a hallmark symptom of depression. Although the mechanism(s) underlying ketamine's antidepressant activity continue to be elucidated, current evidence indicate that its therapeutic effects are mediated, at least in part, via long-lasting synaptic changes and subsequent molecular adaptations in brain regions within the mesolimbic dopamine system. Notwithstanding, ketamine is a drug of abuse, and this liability may pose limitations for long term use as an antidepressant. This review outlines the current knowledge of ketamine's actions within the mesolimbic dopamine system and its abuse potential. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M Cardona-Acosta
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carlos A Bolaños-Guzmán
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Suzuki A, Hara H, Kimura H. Role of the AMPA receptor in antidepressant effects of ketamine and potential of AMPA receptor potentiators as a novel antidepressant. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109308. [PMID: 36341809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine exerts rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, its clinical use is limited by its undesirable psychotomimetic side effects. Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies has shown that the antidepressant effects of ketamine are dependent on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R) activation, which triggers activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and brain-derived neurotrophic factor release. Thus, AMPA-R has emerged as a promising new target for novel antidepressants with a rapid onset of action. However, almost all known AMPA-R potentiators carry the risk of a narrow bell-shaped dose-response curve and a poor safety margin against seizures. Our data suggest that agonistic activity is not only related to the risks of bell-shaped dose-response curves and seizures but also to the reduced synaptic transmission and procognitive effects of AMPA-R potentiators. In this review, we describe our original screening approach that led to the discovery of an investigational AMPA-R potentiator with low agonistic activity, TAK-653. We further review the in vitro and in vivo profiles of TAK-653, including its procognitive and antidepressant-like effects, as well as its safety profile, in comparison with known AMPA-R potentiators with agonistic activity and AMPA, an AMPA-R agonist. The low agnostic activity of TAK-653 may overcome limitations of known AMPA-R potentiators. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroe Hara
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Urban MM, Stingl MR, Meinhardt MW. Mini-review: The neurobiology of treating substance use disorders with classical psychedelics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1156319. [PMID: 37139521 PMCID: PMC10149865 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of psychedelics to persistently treat substance use disorders is known since the 1960s. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. While it is known that serotonergic hallucinogens induce changes in gene expression and neuroplasticity, particularly in prefrontal regions, theories on how specifically this counteracts the alterations that occur in neuronal circuitry throughout the course of addiction are largely unknown. This narrative mini-review endeavors to synthesize well-established knowledge from addiction research with findings and theories regarding the neurobiological effects of psychedelics to give an overview of the potential mechanisms that underlie the treatment of substance use disorders with classical hallucinogenic compounds and point out gaps in the current understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M. Urban
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marvin M. Urban,
| | - Moritz R. Stingl
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marcus W. Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kan HW, Peng WH, Wu CC, Wang DW, Lee MT, Lee YK, Chu TH, Ho YC. Rapid antidepressant-like effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists require BDNF-dependent signaling in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3805-3818. [PMID: 36221037 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clinical reports reveal that scopolamine, an acetylcholine muscarinic receptor antagonist, exerts rapid antidepressant effects in depressed patients, but the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects have not been fully identified. OBJECTIVES The present study examines the cellular mechanisms by which scopolamine produces antidepressant-like effects through its action in the ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). METHODS We used a well-established mouse model of depression induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) exposure for 14 days. Behaviors were tested using the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), female urine sniffing test (FUST), novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and locomotor activity (LMA). Synaptic transmission in the vlPAG was measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. IntravlPAG microinjection was used to pharmacologically verify the signaling cascades of scopolamine in the vlPAG. RESULTS The results demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine produced antidepressant-like effects in a dose-dependent manner without affecting locomotor activity. CRS elicited depression-like behaviors, whereas intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine alleviated CRS-induced depression-like behaviors. CRS diminished glutamatergic transmission in the vlPAG, while scopolamine reversed the above effects. Moreover, intravlPAG microinjection of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker verapamil, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor antagonist ANA-12, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor rapamycin, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA) antagonist CNQX prevented scopolamine-induced antidepressant-like effects. CONCLUSIONS Scopolamine ameliorated CRS-elicited depression-like behavior required activation of VDCC, resulting in activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), engaging the TrkB receptor and downstream mTORC1 signaling in the vlPAG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Kan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hao Peng
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Deng-Wu Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 80284, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 80284, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gudasheva TA, Koliasnikova KN, Alyaeva AG, Nikolaev SV, Antipova TA, Seredenin SB. Neuroprotective Effect of the Neuropeptide Cycloprolylglycine Depends on AMPA- and TrkB-Receptor Activation. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 507:264-267. [PMID: 36786983 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that the endogenous neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine (CPG) is the positive modulator of AMPA receptors and revealed the dependence of its anxiolytic and antihypoxic action on BDNF/Trk signaling. In the present work, we for the first time conducted in vitro experiments using the AMPA receptor blockers DNQX and GYKI 52466 and the Trk receptor blocker K252a. It is shown that the neuroprotective effect of CPG depends on the activation of both AMPA and Trk receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Gudasheva
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - A G Alyaeva
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Nikolaev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Antipova
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S B Seredenin
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Therapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Depressive Disorders: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113530. [PMID: 36362315 PMCID: PMC9658840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are hidden players in complex psychophysical phenomena such as depression and anxiety related disorders though the activation and deactivation of multiple proteins in signaling cascades. Depression is classified as a mood disorder and described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person’s everyday activities. In this review, we have focused on exploration of the significant role of miRNAs in depression by affecting associated target proteins (cellular and synaptic) and their signaling pathways which can be controlled by the attachment of miRNAs at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, miRNAs have potential role as biomarkers and may help to cure depression through involvement and interactions with multiple pharmacological and physiological therapies. Taken together, miRNAs might be considered as promising novel therapy targets themselves and may interfere with currently available antidepressant treatments.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abe M, Kawamoto M, Inoue M, Kimachi T, Inamoto K. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Heteroannulation of Salicylic Amides with Alkynes: Synthesis of 1,3-Benzoxazin-4-one Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:5684-5687. [PMID: 35904567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalyzed heteroannulation affords the efficient and straightforward construction of heterocyclic compounds. Herein, we developed a gold(I)-catalyzed heteroannulation of salicylic amides with alkynes producing a broad range of 1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones. The utility of this protocol was highlighted by synthesizing variously substituted benzoxazinones containing quaternary carbon centers, showing a high functional group tolerance and excellent atom economy of the thus introduced reaction course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Megumu Kawamoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Mayu Inoue
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Kimachi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Inamoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feng YQ, Xu ZZ, Wang YT, Xiong Y, Xie W, He YY, Chen L, Liu GY, Li X, Liu J, Wu Q. Targeting C–C Chemokine Receptor 5: Key to Opening the Neurorehabilitation Window After Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:876342. [PMID: 35573839 PMCID: PMC9095921 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.876342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the world’s second major cause of adult death and disability, resulting in the destruction of brain tissue and long-term neurological impairment; induction of neuronal plasticity can promote recovery after stroke. C–C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) can direct leukocyte migration and localization and is a co-receptor that can mediate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into cells. Its role in HIV infection and immune response has been extensively studied. Furthermore, CCR5 is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), is engaged in various physiological activities such as brain development, neuronal differentiation, communication, survival, and learning and memory capabilities, and is also involved in the development of numerous neurological diseases. CCR5 is differentially upregulated in neurons after stroke, and the inhibition of CCR5 in specific regions of the brain promotes motor and cognitive recovery. The mechanism by which CCR5 acts as a therapeutic target to promote neurorehabilitation after stroke has rarely been systematically reported yet. Thus, this review aims to discuss the function of CCR5 in the CNS and the mechanism of its effect on post-stroke recovery by regulating neuroplasticity and the inflammatory response to provide an effective basis for clinical rehabilitation after stroke.
Collapse
|
27
|
Khushboo, Siddiqi NJ, de Lourdes Pereira M, Sharma B. Neuroanatomical, Biochemical, and Functional Modifications in Brain Induced by Treatment with Antidepressants. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3564-3584. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
28
|
Chen Y, Shen M, Liu X, Xu J, Wang C. The Regulation of Glutamate Transporter 1 in the Rapid Antidepressant-Like Effect of Ketamine in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:789524. [PMID: 35309681 PMCID: PMC8926310 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.789524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that glutamate clearance plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that ketamine provides an immediate and sustained antidepressant effect. However, the precise mechanism of its action remains to be elucidated. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) participates in glutamate clearance; therefore, we hypothesized that GLT1 may play an important role in the antidepressant effect of ketamine. In this study, we determined that GLT1 inhibition blocks the antidepressant-like properties of ketamine and alters the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Our results show that pretreatment with dihydrokainic acid (DHK), a GLT1 inhibitor, alleviated the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine, and decreased the level of phosphorylated mTOR (pmTOR) in mice (which is normally upregulated by ketamine). In addition, inhibition of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) significantly abolished the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine. Moreover, inhibition of L-VDCC significantly blocked the upregulation of GLT1 and BDNF in the PFC of mice. The inhibition of the AMPA receptor only significantly alleviated BDNF. Our results provide insight into the role of GLT1 as the critical presynaptic molecule participating in the pathophysiological mechanism of depression and contributing to the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine. In addition, our study confirms that both AMPA receptor and L-VDCC are crucial factors in the immediate antidepressant-like effect of ketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangping Xu, , orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-9229
| | - Chuang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- Chuang Wang, , , orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-230X
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hess EM, Riggs LM, Michaelides M, Gould TD. Mechanisms of ketamine and its metabolites as antidepressants. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114892. [PMID: 34968492 PMCID: PMC8883502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treating major depression is a medical need that remains unmet by monoaminergic therapeutic strategies that commonly fail to achieve symptom remission. A breakthrough in the treatment of depression was the discovery that the anesthetic (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine), when administered at sub-anesthetic doses, elicits rapid (sometimes within hours) antidepressant effects in humans that are otherwise resistant to monoaminergic-acting therapies. While this finding was revolutionary and led to the FDA approval of (S)-ketamine (esketamine) for use in adults with treatment-resistant depression and suicidal ideation, the mechanisms underlying how ketamine or esketamine elicit their effects are still under active investigation. An emerging view is that metabolism of ketamine may be a crucial step in its mechanism of action, as several metabolites of ketamine have neuroactive effects of their own and may be leveraged as therapeutics. For example, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), is readily observed in humans following ketamine treatment and has shown therapeutic potential in preclinical tests of antidepressant efficacy and synaptic potentiation while being devoid of the negative adverse effects of ketamine, including its dissociative properties and abuse potential. We discuss preclinical and clinical studies pertaining to how ketamine and its metabolites produce antidepressant effects. Specifically, we explore effects on glutamate neurotransmission through N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), synaptic structural changes via brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, interactions with opioid receptors, and the enhancement of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine signaling. Strategic targeting of these mechanisms may result in novel rapid-acting antidepressants with fewer undesirable side effects compared to ketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Hess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging & Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
In addition to producing profound subjective effects following acute administration, psychedelic compounds can induce beneficial behavioral changes relevant to the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders that last long after the compounds have been cleared from the body. One hypothesis with the potential to explain the remarkable enduring effects of psychedelics is related to their abilities to promote structural and functional neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). A hallmark of many stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and addiction, is the atrophy of neurons in the PFC. Psychedelics appear to be particularly effective catalysts for the growth of these key neurons, ultimately leading to restoration of synaptic connectivity in this critical brain region. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics are not directly linked to their ability to promote structural and functional neuroplasticity. If we are to develop improved alternatives to psychedelics for treating neuropsychiatric diseases, we must fully characterize the molecular mechanisms that give rise to psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity. Here, I review our current understanding of the biochemical signaling pathways activated by psychedelics and related neuroplasticity-promoting molecules, with an emphasis on key unanswered questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2102, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct, Davis, CA 95618, USA,Corresponding Author: David E. Olson,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Involvement of DA D3 Receptors in Structural Neuroplasticity of Selected Limbic Brain Circuits: Possible Role in Treatment-Resistant Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 60:73-87. [PMID: 35538302 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Structural neuroplasticity in the adult brain is a process involving quantitative changes of the number and size of neurons and of their dendritic arborization, axon branching, spines, and synapses. These changes can occur in specific neural circuits as adaptive response to environmental challenges, exposure to stressors, tissue damage or degeneration. Converging studies point to evidence of structural plasticity in circuits operated by glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmitters, in concert with neurotrophic factors such as Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) or Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and a series of modulators that include circulating hormones. Intriguingly, most of these endogenous agents trigger the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 intracellular pathways that, in turn, lead to the production of growth-related structural changes, enhancing protein synthesis, metabolic enzyme functions, mitogenesis for energy, and new lipid-bilayer membrane apposition. The dopamine (DA) D3 receptor has been shown to play a specific role by inducing structural plasticity of the DAergic neurons of the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic circuit, where they are expressed in rodents and humans, via activation of the mTORC1 and ERK1/2 pathways. These effects are BDNF-dependent and require the recruitment of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors to allow the structural changes. Since in mood disorders, depression and anhedonia have been proposed to be associated with impaired neuroplasticity and reduced DAergic tone in brain circuits connecting prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, amygdala, and ventral mesencephalon, activation of D3 receptors could provide a therapeutic benefit. Sustained improvements of mood and anhedonia were observed in subjects with an unsatisfactory response to serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRI) when treated with D3-preferential D2/D3 agonists such as pramipexole and ropinirole. The recent evidence that downstream mTOR pathway activation in human mesencephalic DA neurons is also produced by ketamine, probably the most effective antidepressant currently used in subjects with treatment-resistant depression, further supports the rationale for a D3 receptor activation in mood disorders.
Collapse
|
32
|
López-Arnau R, Camarasa J, Carbó ML, Nadal-Gratacós N, Puigseslloses P, Espinosa-Velasco M, Urquizu E, Escubedo E, Pubill D. 3,4-Methylenedioxy methamphetamine, synthetic cathinones and psychedelics: From recreational to novel psychotherapeutic drugs. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990405. [PMID: 36262632 PMCID: PMC9574023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of classical drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics) is often limited by issues of lack of efficacy, delayed onset of action or side effects. Psychoactive substances have a long history of being used as tools to alter consciousness and as a gateway to approach the unknown and the divinities. These substances were initially obtained from plants and animals and more recently by chemical synthesis, and its consumption evolved toward a more recreational use, leading to drug abuse-related disorders, trafficking, and subsequent banning by the authorities. However, these substances, by modulation of certain neurochemical pathways, have been proven to have a beneficial effect on some psychiatric disorders. This evidence obtained under medically controlled conditions and often associated with psychotherapy, makes these substances an alternative to conventional medicines, to which in many cases the patient does not respond properly. Such disorders include post-traumatic stress disease and treatment-resistant depression, for which classical drugs such as MDMA, ketamine, psilocybin and LSD, among others, have already been clinically tested, reporting successful outcomes. The irruption of new psychoactive substances (NPS), especially during the last decade and despite their recreational and illicit uses, has enlarged the library of substances with potential utility on these disorders. In fact, many of them were synthetized with therapeutic purposes and were withdrawn for concrete reasons (e.g., adverse effects, improper pharmacological profile). In this review we focus on the basis, existing evidence and possible use of synthetic cathinones and psychedelics (specially tryptamines) for the treatment of mental illnesses and the properties that should be found in NPS to obtain new therapeutic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl López-Arnau
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camarasa
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Lí Carbó
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Nadal-Gratacós
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group (GQF), IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Puigseslloses
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Espinosa-Velasco
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Urquizu
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Colla M, Scheerer H, Weidt S, Seifritz E, Kronenberg G. Novel Insights Into the Neurobiology of the Antidepressant Response From Ketamine Research: A Mini Review. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:759466. [PMID: 34924969 PMCID: PMC8681015 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.759466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The serendipitous discovery of ketamine’s antidepressant effects represents one of the major landmarks in neuropsychopharmacological research of the last 50 years. Ketamine provides an exciting challenge to traditional concepts of antidepressant drug therapy, producing rapid antidepressant effects seemingly without targeting monoaminergic pathways in the conventional way. In consequence, the advent of ketamine has spawned a plethora of neurobiological research into its putative mechanisms. Here, we provide a brief overview of current theories of antidepressant drug action including monoaminergic signaling, disinhibition of glutamatergic neurotransmission, neurotrophic and neuroplastic effects, and how these might relate to ketamine. Given that research into ketamine has not yet yielded new therapies beyond ketamine itself, current knowledge gaps and limitations of available studies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Colla
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanne Scheerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffi Weidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Quach DF, de Leon VC, Conway CR. Nitrous Oxide: an emerging novel treatment for treatment-resistant depression. J Neurol Sci 2021; 434:120092. [PMID: 34953347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stemming from the results of the historic STAR-D trial, it is evident that a significant subset of individuals (20-25%) with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to conventional antidepressant medications. As a result, an emphasis has been placed on the development of novel therapeutics for MDD over the last two decades. Recently, substantial research efforts have been focused on the use of ketamine as an antidepressant whose mechanism of action is via the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Another potential therapeutic compound of interest is nitrous oxide, which has been utilized for more than a century in multiple fields of medicine for its analgesic and anesthetic properties. Recent clinical studies suggest that nitrous oxide may be effective for treatment-resistant depression. In this review, we will discuss the administration of nitrous oxide as a psychiatric intervention, current use in psychiatry, putative mechanisms of action, and future directions highlighting knowledge gaps and other potential utilities in the field of psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darin F Quach
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Victoria C de Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Charles R Conway
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Saeger HN, Olson DE. Psychedelic-inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurochem 2021; 162:109-127. [PMID: 34816433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychedelics are increasingly being recognized for their potential to treat a wide range of brain disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder. Their broad therapeutic potential might result from an ability to rescue cortical atrophy common to many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases by impacting neurotrophic factor gene expression, activating neuronal growth and survival mechanisms, and modulating the immune system. While the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has not yet been extended to neurodegenerative disorders, we provide evidence suggesting that approaches based on psychedelic science might prove useful for treating these diseases. The primary target of psychedelics, the 5-HT2A receptor, plays key roles in cortical neuron health and is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, evidence suggests that psychedelics and related compounds could prove useful for treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). While more research is needed to probe the effects of psychedelics in models of neurodegenerative diseases, the robust effects of these compounds on structural and functional neuroplasticity and inflammation clearly warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Saeger
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hara H, Suzuki A, Kunugi A, Tajima Y, Yamada R, Kimura H. TAK-653, an AMPA receptor potentiator with minimal agonistic activity, produces an antidepressant-like effect with a favorable safety profile in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 211:173289. [PMID: 34655652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine, exhibits rapid and sustained antidepressant activity in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but its use is associated with psychotomimetic side effects. Evidence has suggested that the activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors followed by activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and production of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein may underlie the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine. In this study, we characterized the antidepressant-like effects of TAK-653, a novel AMPA receptor potentiator with virtually no agonistic activity. In rat primary cortical neurons, TAK-653 significantly increased phosphorylated and activated forms of mTOR and p70S6 kinase and their upstream regulators Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). TAK-653 also significantly increased BDNF protein levels in rat primary cortical neurons. Ketamine at 30 mg/kg, i.p. produced antidepressant-like effects in the reduction of submissive behavior model (RSBM) in rats. Ketamine's antidepressant-like effect was blocked by pretreatment with the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX at 10 mg/kg, i.p., indicating the essential role of AMPA receptor activation in the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine. Consistent with this finding, a sub-chronic administration of TAK-653 for 6 days produced significant antidepressant-like effect in the rat RSBM. Unlike ketamine, however, TAK-653 did not induce a hyperlocomotor response in rats, which is a behavioral index associated with psychotomimetic side effects in humans. TAK-653 may be a promising drug for the treatment of major depressive disorders including TRD with the potential for an improved safety profile compared with ketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Hara
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kunugi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Tajima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamada
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hansen KB, Wollmuth LP, Bowie D, Furukawa H, Menniti FS, Sobolevsky AI, Swanson GT, Swanger SA, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, McBain CJ, Jayaraman V, Low CM, Dell'Acqua ML, Diamond JS, Camp CR, Perszyk RE, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:298-487. [PMID: 34753794 PMCID: PMC8626789 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels are critical to brain function and are centrally implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders. There are different classes of iGluRs with a variety of receptor subtypes in each class that play distinct roles in neuronal functions. The diversity in iGluR subtypes, with their unique functional properties and physiologic roles, has motivated a large number of studies. Our understanding of receptor subtypes has advanced considerably since the first iGluR subunit gene was cloned in 1989, and the research focus has expanded to encompass facets of biology that have been recently discovered and to exploit experimental paradigms made possible by technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades of iGluR studies with an emphasis on the progress that has occurred in the past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, roles in neurophysiology, and therapeutic implications for all classes of receptors assembled from the subunits encoded by the 18 ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate receptors play important roles in virtually all aspects of brain function and are either involved in mediating some clinical features of neurological disease or represent a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of this class of receptors will advance our understanding of many aspects of brain function at molecular, cellular, and system levels and provide new opportunities to treat patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Derek Bowie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Frank S Menniti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chris J McBain
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chad R Camp
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schiel KA. A beneficial role for elevated extracellular glutamate in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and cerebral ischemia. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100127. [PMID: 34585427 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This hypothesis proposes that increased extracellular glutamate in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and cerebral ischemia, currently viewed as a trigger for excitotoxicity, is actually beneficial as it stimulates the utilization of glutamate as metabolic fuel. Renewed appreciation of glutamate oxidation by ischemic neurons has raised questions regarding the role of extracellular glutamate in ischemia. Is it detrimental, as suggested by excitotoxicity in early in vitro studies, or beneficial, as suggested by its oxidation in later in vivo studies? The answer may depend on the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. Early in vitro procedures co-activated NMDA receptors (NMDARs) containing 2A (GluN2A) and 2B (GluN2B) subunits, an event now believed to trigger excitotoxicity; however, during in vivo ischemia D-serine and zinc molecules are released and these ensure only GluN2B receptors are stimulated. This not only prevents excitotoxicity but also initiates signaling cascades that allow ischemic neurons to import and oxidize glutamate.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen C, Ma H, Fu Z. Antidepressant-like Effect of 3-n-Butylphthalide in Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress: Modulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level and mTOR Activation in Cortex. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3075-3084. [PMID: 34374900 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP), an extract from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn. (Chinese celery), has been demonstrated to have antidepressant effects in suspension chronic-stressed rats by our group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the antidepressant mechanism of NBP. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was applied for 6 weeks to induced a depressive-like behavior, characterized by decreased locomotor activity, sucrose preference and the NE, DA and 5-HT levels in cortex. Oral treatment with NBP (30 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.), similarly to fluoxetine (2 mg/kg, p.o.), can prevention of these alterations. The NBP (30 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) reversed the decrease in the BDNF, p-ERK, mTOR and synapsin-1 protein levels in rat cortex caused by CUMS. And rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, completely inhibited the antidepressant-like activity of NBP in vivo. In conclusion, these findings indicate that NBP treatment attenuated the depression-like behaviors through the modulation of serotonergic system and BDNF-ERK-mTOR signaling in rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Chen
- Chemistry and Biological Engineering Academy, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China.
| | - Hao Ma
- Aesthetic Medical School, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Chemistry and Biological Engineering Academy, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kadriu B, Musazzi L, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ, Popoli M, Zarate CA. Positive AMPA receptor modulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: A long and winding road. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2816-2838. [PMID: 34358693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission is widely implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the discovery that ketamine elicits rapid-acting antidepressant effects by modulating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) signaling has spurred a resurgence of interest in the field. This review explores agents in various stages of development for neuropsychiatric disorders that positively modulate AMPARs, both directly and indirectly. Despite promising preclinical research, few direct and indirect AMPAR positive modulators have progressed past early clinical development. Challenges such as low potency have created barriers to effective implementation. Nevertheless, the functional complexity of AMPARs sets them apart from other drug targets and allows for specificity in drug discovery. Additional effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders that work through positive AMPAR modulation may eventually be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Jenessa N Johnston
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang YT, Wang XL, Feng ST, Chen NH, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Novel rapid-acting glutamatergic modulators: Targeting the synaptic plasticity in depression. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105761. [PMID: 34242798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is severely prevalent, and conventional monoaminergic antidepressants gradually exhibit low therapeutic efficiency, especially for patients with treatment-resistant depression. A neuroplasticity hypothesis is an emerging advancement in the mechanism of depression, mainly expressed in the glutamate system, e.g., glutamate receptors and signaling. Dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission is currently considered to be closely associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. Biological function, pharmacological action, and signal attributes in the glutamate system both regulate the neural process. Specific functional subunits could be therapeutic targets to explore the novel glutamatergic modulators, which have fast-acting, and relatively sustained antidepressant effects. Here, the present review summarizes the pathophysiology of MDD found in the glutamate system, exploring the role of glutamate receptors and their downstream effects. These convergent mechanisms have prompted the development of other modulators targeting on glutamate system, including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, selective GluN2B-specific antagonists, glycine binding site agents, and regulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Relevant researches underly the putative mechanisms of these drugs, which reverse the damage of depression by regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. It also provides further insight into the mechanism of depression and exploring potential targets for novel agent development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rosa PB, Bettio LEB, Neis VB, Moretti M, Kaufmann FN, Tavares MK, Werle I, Dalsenter Y, Platt N, Rosado AF, Fraga DB, Heinrich IA, Freitas AE, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of guanosine involves activation of AMPA receptor and BDNF/TrkB signaling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:285-301. [PMID: 33712981 PMCID: PMC8155134 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside that has been shown to exhibit antidepressant effects, but the mechanisms underlying its effect are not well established. We investigated if the antidepressant-like effect induced by guanosine in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice involves the modulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway. We also evaluated if the antidepressant-like effect of guanosine is accompanied by an acute increase in hippocampal and prefrontocortical BDNF levels. Additionally, we investigated if the ability of guanosine to elicit a fast behavioral response in the novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test is associated with morphological changes related to hippocampal synaptogenesis. The antidepressant-like effect of guanosine (0.05 mg/kg, p.o.) in the TST was prevented by DNQX (AMPA receptor antagonist), verapamil (VDCC blocker), K-252a (TrkBantagonist), or BDNF antibody. Increased P70S6K phosphorylation and higher synapsin I immunocontent in the hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex, were observed 1 h after guanosine administration. Guanosine exerted an antidepressant-like effect 1, 6, and 24 h after its administration, an effect accompanied by increased hippocampal BDNF level. In the prefrontal cortex, BDNF level was increased only 1 h after guanosine treatment. Finally, guanosine was effective in the NSF test (after 1 h) but caused no alterations in dendritic spine density and remodeling in the ventral dentate gyrus (DG). Altogether, the results indicate that guanosine modulates targets known to be implicated in fast antidepressant behavioral responses (AMPA receptor, VDCC, and TrkB/BDNF pathway).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila B. Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Luis E. B. Bettio
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil ,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Vivian B. Neis
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Fernanda N. Kaufmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Mauren K. Tavares
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Isabel Werle
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Yasmim Dalsenter
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Nicolle Platt
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Axel F. Rosado
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Daiane B. Fraga
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Isabella A. Heinrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Andiara E. Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B. Leal
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The Sustained Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine Are Independent of the Lateral Habenula. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4131-4140. [PMID: 33664132 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2521-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is known to have a rapid and lasting antidepressant effect. Recent studies have shown that ketamine exerts it rapid antidepressant effect by blocking burst firing in the lateral habenula (LHb). Whether the sustained antidepressant effect of ketamine occurs through the same mechanism has not been explored. Here, using male rats, we found that local infusion of (R,S)-ketamine into the LHb resulted in a rapid antidepressant-like effect 1 h after infusion, which almost returned to baseline levels after 24 h. Intra-LHb injection of (S)-ketamine also showed a significant antidepressant-like effect 1 h after injection, which recovered at 24 h. No significant antidepressant-like effect was found at 1 or 24 h after the administration of (R)-ketamine into the LHb. Injection of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, a ketamine metabolite, into the LHb did not result in any obvious antidepressant-like effect 1 or 24 h after injection. Systemic administration of (R,S)-ketamine (intraperitoneally) significantly suppressed LHb bursting activity at 1 h, but the inhibitory effect was reversed 24 h after injection. No significant effect of (R,S)-ketamine on miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials of LHb neurons was found at 1 or 24 h after systemic application. Our study demonstrated that the sustained antidepressant-like effect of ketamine may not depend on burst firing of LHb neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ketamine exerts it rapid antidepressant effect by blocking burst firing in the lateral habenula (LHb). However, whether the sustained antidepressant effect of ketamine occurs through the same mechanism has not been explored. In the present study, we demonstrated that the sustained antidepressant effect of ketamine may not depend on the burst firing of LHb neurons. This finding may lead to a novel perspective on LHb in the antidepressant effect of ketamine.
Collapse
|
44
|
Robinson B, Gu Q, Kanungo J. Antidepressant Actions of Ketamine: Potential Role of L-Type Calcium Channels. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1198-1207. [PMID: 33566591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, as a fast-acting therapeutic drug for treatment-resistant depression. Although ketamine is known as an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, the underlying mechanisms of how it elicits an antidepressant effect, specifically at subanesthetic doses, are not clear and remain an advancing field of research interest. On the other hand, high-dose (more than the anesthetic dose) ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in animal models has been reported. There has been progress in understanding the potential pathways involved in ketamine-induced antidepressant effects, some of which include NMDA-receptor antagonism, modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Often these pathways have been shown to be linked. Voltage-gated L-type calcium channels have been shown to mediate the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine, especially involving induction of BDNF synthesis downstream, while BDNF deficiency decreases the expression of L-type calcium channels. This review focuses on the reported studies linking ketamine's rapid-acting antidepressant actions to L-type calcium channels with an objective to present a perspective on the importance of the modulation of intracellular calcium in mediating the effects of subanesthetic (antidepressant) versus high-dose ketamine (anesthetic and potential neurotoxicant), the latter having the ability to reduce intracellular calcium by blocking the calcium-permeable NMDA receptors, which is implicated in potential neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, United States Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, United States Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, United States Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The therapeutic onset of traditional antidepressants is delayed by several weeks and many depressed patients fail to respond to treatment altogether. In contrast, subanesthetic ketamine can rapidly alleviate symptoms of depression within hours of a single administration, even in patients who are considered treatment-resistant. Ketamine is thought to exert these effects by restoring the integrity of neural circuits that are compromised in depression. This hypothesis stems in part from preclinical observations that ketamine can strengthen synaptic connections by increasing glutamate-mediated neurotransmission and promoting rapid neurotrophic factor release. An improved understanding of how ketamine, and other novel rapid-acting antidepressants, give rise to these processes will help foster future therapeutic innovation. Here, we review the history of antidepressant treatment advances that preceded the ketamine discovery, critically examine mechanistic hypotheses for how ketamine may exert its antidepressant effects, and discuss the impact this knowledge has had on ongoing drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lace M Riggs
- Program in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA;
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; .,Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Joy MT, Carmichael ST. Encouraging an excitable brain state: mechanisms of brain repair in stroke. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:38-53. [PMID: 33184469 PMCID: PMC10625167 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-00396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke induces a plastic state in the brain. This period of enhanced plasticity leads to the sprouting of new axons, the formation of new synapses and the remapping of sensory-motor functions, and is associated with motor recovery. This is a remarkable process in the adult brain, which is normally constrained in its levels of neuronal plasticity and connectional change. Recent evidence indicates that these changes are driven by molecular systems that underlie learning and memory, such as changes in cellular excitability during memory formation. This Review examines circuit changes after stroke, the shared mechanisms between memory formation and brain repair, the changes in neuronal excitability that underlie stroke recovery, and the molecular and pharmacological interventions that follow from these findings to promote motor recovery in animal models. From these findings, a framework emerges for understanding recovery after stroke, central to which is the concept of neuronal allocation to damaged circuits. The translation of the concepts discussed here to recovery in humans is underway in clinical trials for stroke recovery drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Joy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Khairuddin S, Aquili L, Heng BC, Hoo TLC, Wong KH, Lim LW. Dysregulation of the orexinergic system: A potential neuropeptide target in depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:384-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Shen M, Lv D, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhao C, Chen X, Wang C. Positive Allosteric Modulation of AMPAR by PF-4778574 Produced Rapid Onset Antidepressant Actions in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4438-4451. [PMID: 30566581 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that fast-acting antidepressants enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions via alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) activation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the fast-acting antidepressants lead to an activation of AMPAR pathways remain largely unclear. To address this issue, a novel AMPAR positive allosteric agonist, PF-4778574, was used to test the rapid effects and the role of VGF (nonacronymic)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/AKT signaling in these actions in mice. We found that PF-4778574 rapidly alleviated chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, knock down of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) in the PFC of mice induced depression-like behaviors, whereas treatment with PF-4778574 was sufficient to alleviate it, indicating a presynaptic VGLUT1 independent effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibitors of AMPAR or of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (L-VDCC) blocked the antidepressants' effect on behaviors and the upregulation on the AMPAR-mediated VGF/BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling of PF-4778574. Together, our findings indicate that postsynaptic AMPAR activation followed by activation of L-VDCC and subsequent VGF/BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling are required for the rapid antidepressant effects of PF-4778574. Our data support a promising therapeutic profile for PF-4778574 as a new fast-acting antidepressant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Shen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiyu Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:611-624. [PMID: 32929261 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in the use of psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric disorders warrants a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of these substances. After a hiatus of about 50 years, state-of-the art studies have recently begun to close important knowledge gaps by elucidating the mechanisms of action of psychedelics with regard to their effects on receptor subsystems, systems-level brain activity and connectivity, and cognitive and emotional processing. In addition, functional studies have shown that changes in self-experience, emotional processing and social cognition may contribute to the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics. These discoveries provide a scientific road map for the investigation and application of psychedelic substances in psychiatry.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ly C, Greb AC, Vargas MV, Duim WC, Grodzki ACG, Lein PJ, Olson DE. Transient Stimulation with Psychoplastogens Is Sufficient to Initiate Neuronal Growth. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 4:452-460. [PMID: 33860174 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cortical neuron atrophy is a hallmark of depression and includes neurite retraction, dendritic spine loss, and decreased synaptic density. Psychoplastogens, small molecules capable of rapidly promoting cortical neuron growth, have been hypothesized to produce long-lasting positive effects on behavior by rectifying these deleterious structural and functional changes. Here we demonstrate that ketamine and LSD, psychoplastogens from two structurally distinct chemical classes, promote sustained growth of cortical neurons after only short periods of stimulation. Furthermore, we show that psychoplastogen-induced cortical neuron growth can be divided into two distinct epochs: an initial stimulation phase requiring TrkB activation and a growth period involving sustained mTOR and AMPA receptor activation. Our results provide important temporal details concerning the molecular mechanisms by which next-generation antidepressants produce persistent changes in cortical neuron structure, and they suggest that rapidly excreted psychoplastogens might still be effective neurotherapeutics with unique advantages over compounds like ketamine and LSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Ly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, Davis 95616, United States
| | - Alexandra C Greb
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, Davis 95616, United States
| | - Maxemiliano V Vargas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Whitney C Duim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, Davis 95616, United States
| | - Ana Cristina G Grodzki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, Davis 95616, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 2102, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct, Davis, California 95618, United States
| |
Collapse
|