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Hoffmann N, Mohammad E, McFarlane HE. Disrupting cell wall integrity impacts endomembrane trafficking to promote secretion over endocytic trafficking. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3731-3747. [PMID: 38676707 PMCID: PMC11194303 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The plant cell wall provides a strong yet flexible barrier to protect cells from the external environment. Modifications of the cell wall, either during development or under stress conditions, can induce cell wall integrity responses and ultimately lead to alterations in gene expression, hormone production, and cell wall composition. These changes in cell wall composition presumably require remodelling of the secretory pathway to facilitate synthesis and secretion of cell wall components and cell wall synthesis/remodelling enzymes from the Golgi apparatus. Here, we used a combination of live-cell confocal imaging and transmission electron microscopy to examine the short-term and constitutive impact of isoxaben, which reduces cellulose biosynthesis, and Driselase, a cocktail of cell-wall-degrading fungal enzymes, on cellular processes during cell wall integrity responses in Arabidopsis. We show that both treatments altered organelle morphology and triggered rebalancing of the secretory pathway to promote secretion while reducing endocytic trafficking. The actin cytoskeleton was less dynamic following cell wall modification, and organelle movement was reduced. These results demonstrate active remodelling of the endomembrane system and actin cytoskeleton following changes to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3B2Canada
| | - Eskandar Mohammad
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3B2Canada
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2
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Zhang F, Yuan A, Nie Z, Chu M, An Y. Identification of the potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) P-type ATPase gene family and investigating the role of PHA2 in response to Pep13. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1353024. [PMID: 38903445 PMCID: PMC11187005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
P-type ATPase family members play important roles in plant growth and development and are involved in plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors. Extensive studies have been conducted on the P-type ATPase gene families in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice but our understanding in potato remains relatively limited. Therefore, this study aimed to screen and analyze 48 P-type ATPase genes from the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genome database at the genome-wide level. Potato P-type ATPase genes were categorized into five subgroups based on the phylogenetic classification of the reported species. Additionally, several bioinformatic analyses, including gene structure analysis, chromosomal position analysis, and identification of conserved motifs and promoter cis-acting elements, were performed. Interestingly, the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) genes of one of the P3 subgroups showed differential expression in different tissues of potato. Specifically, PHA2, PHA3, and PHA7 were highly expressed in the roots, whereas PHA8 was expressed in potatoes only under stress. Furthermore, the small peptide Pep13 inhibited the expression of PHA1, PHA2, PHA3, and PHA7 in potato roots. Transgenic plants heterologously overexpressing PHA2 displayed a growth phenotype sensitive to Pep13 compared with wild-type plants. Further analysis revealed that reducing potato PM H+-ATPase enzyme activity enhanced resistance to Pep13, indicating the involvement of PM H+-ATPase in the physiological process of potato late blight and the enhancement of plant disease resistance. This study confirms the critical role of potato PHA2 in resistance to Pep13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
- Agriculture Science Institute of Bijie, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Anping Yuan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
| | - Zongyue Nie
- Agriculture Science Institute of Bijie, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Moli Chu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources/College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yanlin An
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
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3
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Sinha A, Narula K, Bhola L, Sengupta A, Choudhary P, Nalwa P, Kumar M, Elagamey E, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Proteomic signatures uncover phenotypic plasticity of susceptible and resistant genotypes by wall remodelers in rice blast. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38825969 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecular communication between macromolecules dictates extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics during pathogen recognition and disease development. Extensive research has shed light on how plant immune components are activated, regulated and function in response to pathogen attack. However, two key questions remain largely unresolved: (i) how does ECM dynamics govern susceptibility and disease resistance, (ii) what are the components that underpin these phenomena? Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae adversely affects rice productivity. To understand ECM regulated genotype-phenotype plasticity in blast disease, we temporally profiled two contrasting rice genotypes in disease and immune state. Morpho-histological, biochemical and electron microscopy analyses revealed that increased necrotic lesions accompanied by electrolyte leakage governs disease state. Wall carbohydrate quantification showed changes in pectin level was more significant in blast susceptible compared to blast resistant cultivar. Temporally resolved quantitative disease- and immune-responsive ECM proteomes identified 308 and 334 proteins, respectively involved in wall remodelling and integrity, signalling and disease/immune response. Pairwise comparisons between time and treatment, messenger ribonucleic acid expression, diseasome and immunome networks revealed novel blast-related functional modules. Data demonstrated accumulation of α-galactosidase and phosphatase were associated with disease state, while reactive oxygen species, induction of Lysin motif proteins, CAZymes and extracellular Ca-receptor protein govern immune state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Latika Bhola
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Atreyee Sengupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Choudhary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Nalwa
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Eman Elagamey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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4
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Zeng H, Chen H, Zhang M, Ding M, Xu F, Yan F, Kinoshita T, Zhu Y. Plasma membrane H +-ATPases in mineral nutrition and crop improvement. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00052-9. [PMID: 38582687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) pump H+ out of the cytoplasm by consuming ATP to generate a membrane potential and proton motive force for the transmembrane transport of nutrients into and out of plant cells. PMAs are involved in nutrient acquisition by regulating root growth, nutrient uptake, and translocation, as well as the establishment of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Under nutrient stresses, PMAs are activated to pump more H+ and promote organic anion excretion, thus improving nutrient availability in the rhizosphere. Herein we review recent progress in the physiological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PMAs in the efficient acquisition and utilization of various nutrients in plants. We also discuss perspectives for the application of PMAs in improving crop production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kharkiv Institute at Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kharkiv Institute at Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Maoxing Zhang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ming Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation, College of JunCao Science and Ecology (College of Carbon Neutrality), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 4660824, Japan.
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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5
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Atasoy M, Álvarez Ordóñez A, Cenian A, Djukić-Vuković A, Lund PA, Ozogul F, Trček J, Ziv C, De Biase D. Exploitation of microbial activities at low pH to enhance planetary health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuad062. [PMID: 37985709 PMCID: PMC10963064 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness is growing that human health cannot be considered in isolation but is inextricably woven with the health of the environment in which we live. It is, however, under-recognized that the sustainability of human activities strongly relies on preserving the equilibrium of the microbial communities living in/on/around us. Microbial metabolic activities are instrumental for production, functionalization, processing, and preservation of food. For circular economy, microbial metabolism would be exploited to produce building blocks for the chemical industry, to achieve effective crop protection, agri-food waste revalorization, or biofuel production, as well as in bioremediation and bioaugmentation of contaminated areas. Low pH is undoubtedly a key physical-chemical parameter that needs to be considered for exploiting the powerful microbial metabolic arsenal. Deviation from optimal pH conditions has profound effects on shaping the microbial communities responsible for carrying out essential processes. Furthermore, novel strategies to combat contaminations and infections by pathogens rely on microbial-derived acidic molecules that suppress/inhibit their growth. Herein, we present the state-of-the-art of the knowledge on the impact of acidic pH in many applied areas and how this knowledge can guide us to use the immense arsenal of microbial metabolic activities for their more impactful exploitation in a Planetary Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Atasoy
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Technical University Delft, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB,Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Avelino Álvarez Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Adam Cenian
- Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physical Aspects of Ecoenergy, 14 Fiszera St., 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Djukić-Vuković
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter A Lund
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, 01330, Adana, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Balcali, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road , P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Daniela De Biase
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
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6
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Havshøi NW, Fuglsang AT. Assaying the Effect of Peptide Treatment on H +-Pumping Activity in Plasma Membranes from Arabidopsis Seedlings. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2731:91-103. [PMID: 38019428 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3511-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular acidification or alkalization is a common response to many plant-signaling peptides and microbial elicitors. This may be a result of peptide-mediated regulation of plasma membrane-localized ion transporters, such as the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Early responses to some signaling peptides can therefore be analyzed by assaying H+-pumping across the plasma membrane.We describe a set-up suited for the purification of plasma membranes by aqueous two-phase partitioning from a small sample of Arabidopsis seedlings. Seedlings are grown in a liquid culture, suited for the analysis of in vivo peptide treatment. Additionally, we describe how to measure the H+-pumping activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase using the fluorescent probe ACMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Weise Havshøi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Transport Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Transport Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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7
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Truong TTT, Chiu CC, Su PY, Chen JY, Nguyen TP, Ohme-Takagi M, Lee RH, Cheng WH, Huang HJ. Signaling pathways involved in microbial indoor air pollutant 3-methyl-1-butanol in the induction of stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7556-7568. [PMID: 38165546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution is a global problem and one of the main stress factors that has negative effects on plant and human health. 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB), an indoor air pollutant, is a microbial volatile organic compound (mVOC) commonly found in damp indoor dwellings. In this study, we reported that 1 mg/L of 3MB can elicit a significant reduction in the stomatal aperture ratio in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Our results also showed that 3MB enhances the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells of wild-type Arabidopsis after 24 h exposure. Further investigation of 24 h 3MB fumigation of rbohD, the1-1, mkk1, mkk3, and nced3 mutants revealed that ROS production, cell wall integrity, MAPK kinases cascade, and phytohormone abscisic acid are all involved in the process of 3MB-induced stomatal. Our findings proposed a mechanism by which 3MB regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbial indoor air pollutant induces stomatal closure is critical for modulating the intake of harmful gases from indoor environments into leaves. Investigations into how stomata respond to the indoor mVOC 3MB will shed light on the plant's "self-defense" system responding to indoor air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Trinh Thi Truong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Technology, The University of Danang-Campus in Kontum, No. 704 Phan Dinh Phung, Kontum, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Chou Chiu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tri-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hua Lee
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Rd, Nangang District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan.
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8
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Costantini S, Benedetti M, Pontiggia D, Giovannoni M, Cervone F, Mattei B, De Lorenzo G. Berberine bridge enzyme-like oxidases of cellodextrins and mixed-linked β-glucans control seed coat formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:296-313. [PMID: 37590952 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved various resistance mechanisms to cope with biotic stresses that threaten their survival. The BBE23 member (At5g44360/BBE23) of the Arabidopsis berberine bridge enzyme-like (BBE-l) protein family (Arabidopsis thaliana) has been characterized in this paper in parallel with the closely related and previously described CELLOX (At4g20860/BBE22). In addition to cellodextrins, both enzymes, renamed here as CELLODEXTRIN OXIDASE 2 and 1 (CELLOX2 and CELLOX1), respectively, oxidize the mixed-linked β-1→3/β-1→4-glucans (MLGs), recently described as capable of activating plant immunity, reinforcing the view that the BBE-l family includes members that are devoted to the control of the homeostasis of potential cell wall-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The 2 putatively paralogous genes display different expression profiles. Unlike CELLOX1, CELLOX2 is not expressed in seedlings or adult plants and is not involved in immunity against Botrytis cinerea. Both are instead expressed in a concerted manner in the seed coat during development. Whereas CELLOX2 is expressed mainly during the heart stage, CELLOX1 is expressed at the immediately later stage, when the expression of CELLOX2 decreases. Analysis of seeds of cellox1 and cellox2 knockout mutants shows alterations in the coat structure: the columella area is smaller in cellox1, radial cell walls are thicker in both cellox1 and cellox2, and the mucilage halo is reduced in cellox2. However, the coat monosaccharide composition is not significantly altered, suggesting an alteration of the organization of the cell wall, thus reinforcing the notion that the architecture of the cell wall in specific organs is determined not only by the dynamics of the synthesis/degradation of the main polysaccharides but also by its enzymatic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costantini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Pontiggia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Moira Giovannoni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Felice Cervone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattei
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Yang H, Kim X, Skłenar J, Aubourg S, Sancho-Andrés G, Stahl E, Guillou MC, Gigli-Bisceglia N, Tran Van Canh L, Bender KW, Stintzi A, Reymond P, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Testerink C, Renou JP, Menke FLH, Schaller A, Rhodes J, Zipfel C. Subtilase-mediated biogenesis of the expanded family of SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDES. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:2085-2094. [PMID: 38049516 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant signalling peptides are typically released from larger precursors by proteolytic cleavage to regulate plant growth, development and stress responses. Recent studies reported the characterization of a divergent family of Brassicaceae-specific peptides, SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDES (SCOOPs), and their perception by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2). Here, we reveal that the SCOOP family is highly expanded, containing at least 50 members in the Columbia-0 reference Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Notably, perception of these peptides is strictly MIK2-dependent. How bioactive SCOOP peptides are produced, and to what extent their perception is responsible for the multiple physiological roles associated with MIK2 are currently unclear. Using N-terminomics, we validate the N-terminal cleavage site of representative PROSCOOPs. The cleavage sites are determined by conserved motifs upstream of the minimal SCOOP bioactive epitope. We identified subtilases necessary and sufficient to process PROSCOOP peptides at conserved cleavage motifs. Mutation of these subtilases, or their recognition motifs, suppressed PROSCOOP cleavage and associated overexpression phenotypes. Furthermore, we show that higher-order mutants of these subtilases show phenotypes reminiscent of mik2 null mutant plants, consistent with impaired PROSCOOP biogenesis, and demonstrating biological relevance of SCOOP perception by MIK2. Together, this work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of the recently identified SCOOP peptides and their receptor MIK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjie Yang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xeniya Kim
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Skłenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sébastien Aubourg
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | | | - Elia Stahl
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Loup Tran Van Canh
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Kyle W Bender
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Frank L H Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jack Rhodes
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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10
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Kesten C, Leitner V, Dora S, Sims JW, Dindas J, Zipfel C, De Moraes CM, Sanchez-Rodriguez C. Soil-borne fungi alter the apoplastic purinergic signaling in plants by deregulating the homeostasis of extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine. eLife 2023; 12:e92913. [PMID: 37994905 PMCID: PMC10746138 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling activated by extracellular nucleotides and their derivative nucleosides trigger sophisticated signaling networks. The outcome of these pathways determine the capacity of the organism to survive under challenging conditions. Both extracellular ATP (eATP) and Adenosine (eAdo) act as primary messengers in mammals, essential for immunosuppressive responses. Despite the clear role of eATP as a plant damage-associated molecular pattern, the function of its nucleoside, eAdo, and of the eAdo/eATP balance in plant stress response remain to be fully elucidated. This is particularly relevant in the context of plant-microbe interaction, where the intruder manipulates the extracellular matrix. Here, we identify Ado as a main molecule secreted by the vascular fungus Fusarium oxysporum. We show that eAdo modulates the plant's susceptibility to fungal colonization by altering the eATP-mediated apoplastic pH homeostasis, an essential physiological player during the infection of this pathogen. Our work indicates that plant pathogens actively imbalance the apoplastic eAdo/eATP levels as a virulence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kesten
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Valentin Leitner
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
| | - Susanne Dora
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
| | - James W Sims
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Julian Dindas
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Clara Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
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11
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Zhao C, Webster PD, De Angeli A, Tombola F. Mechanically-primed voltage-gated proton channels from angiosperm plants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7515. [PMID: 37980353 PMCID: PMC10657467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated and mechanically-gated ion channels are distinct classes of membrane proteins that conduct ions across gated pores and are turned on by electrical or mechanical stimuli, respectively. Here, we describe an Hv channel (a.k.a voltage-dependent H+ channel) from the angiosperm plant A. thaliana that gates with a unique modality as it is turned on by an electrical stimulus only after exposure to a mechanical stimulus, a process that we call priming. The channel localizes in the vascular tissue and has homologs in vascular plants. We find that mechanical priming is not required for activation of non-angiosperm Hvs. Guided by AI-generated structural models of plant Hv homologs, we identify a set of residues playing a crucial role in mechanical priming. We propose that Hvs from angiosperm plants require priming because of a network of hydrophilic/charged residues that locks the channels in a silent resting conformation. Mechanical stimuli destabilize the network allowing the conduction pathway to turn on. In contrast to many other channels and receptors, Hv proteins are not thought to possess mechanisms such as inactivation or desensitization. Our findings demonstrate that angiosperm Hv channels are electrically silent until a mechanical stimulation turns on their voltage-dependent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Parker D Webster
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alexis De Angeli
- IPSiM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Francesco Tombola
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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12
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Gonzalez JP, Frandsen KEH, Kesten C. The role of intrinsic disorder in binding of plant microtubule-associated proteins to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:404-436. [PMID: 37578201 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) represent one of the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and support numerous critical cellular functions. MTs are in principle tube-like structures that can grow and shrink in a highly dynamic manner; a process largely controlled by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Plant MAPs are a phylogenetically diverse group of proteins that nonetheless share many common biophysical characteristics and often contain large stretches of intrinsic protein disorder. These intrinsically disordered regions are determinants of many MAP-MT interactions, in which structural flexibility enables low-affinity protein-protein interactions that enable a fine-tuned regulation of MT cytoskeleton dynamics. Notably, intrinsic disorder is one of the major obstacles in functional and structural studies of MAPs and represents the principal present-day challenge to decipher how MAPs interact with MTs. Here, we review plant MAPs from an intrinsic protein disorder perspective, by providing a complete and up-to-date summary of all currently known members, and address the current and future challenges in functional and structural characterization of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Perez Gonzalez
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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13
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Ageyeva MN, Zdobnova TA, Nazarova MS, Raldugina GN, Beliaev DV, Vodeneev VA, Brilkina AA. The Morphological Parameters and Cytosolic pH of Cells of Root Zones in Tobacco Plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.): Nonlinear Effects of NaCl Concentrations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3708. [PMID: 37960064 PMCID: PMC10648452 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity impacts important processes in plants, reducing their yield. The effect of salinity on the cytosolic pH (pHcyt) has been little studied. In this research, we employed transgenic tobacco plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP to investigate the alterations in pHcyt in cells across various root zones. Furthermore, we examined a wide spectrum of NaCl concentrations (ranging from 0 to 150 mM) and assessed morphological parameters and plant development. Our findings revealed a pattern of cytosolic acidification in cells across all root zones at lower NaCl concentrations (50, 100 mM). Interestingly, at 150 mM NaCl, pHcyt levels either increased or returned to normal, indicating a nonlinear effect of salinity on pHcyt. Most studied parameters related to development and morphology exhibited an inhibitory influence in response to NaCl. Notably, a nonlinear relationship was observed in the cell length within the elongation and differentiation zones. While cell elongation occurred at 50 and 100 mM NaCl, it was not evident at 150 mM NaCl. This suggests a complex interplay between stimulating and inhibitory effects of salinity, contributing to the nonlinear relationship observed between pHcyt, cell length, and NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Tatiana A. Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Mariia S. Nazarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Galina N. Raldugina
- Laboratory of Ion Transport and Salinity Resistance, K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Beliaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Anna A. Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
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14
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Sun XD, Ma JY, Feng LJ, Duan JL, Xie XM, Zhang XH, Kong X, Ding Z, Yuan XZ. Magnetite nanoparticle coating chemistry regulates root uptake pathways and iron chlorosis in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304306120. [PMID: 37364127 PMCID: PMC10319022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304306120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental interaction of nanoparticles at plant interfaces is critical for reaching field-scale applications of nanotechnology-enabled plant agriculture, as the processes between nanoparticles and root interfaces such as root compartments and root exudates remain largely unclear. Here, using iron deficiency-induced plant chlorosis as an indicator phenotype, we evaluated the iron transport capacity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with citrate (CA) or polyacrylic acid (PAA) in the plant rhizosphere. Both nanoparticles can be used as a regulator of plant hormones to promote root elongation, but they regulate iron deficiency in plant in distinctive ways. In acidic root exudates secreted by iron-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana, CA-coated particles released fivefold more soluble iron by binding to acidic exudates mainly through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces and thus, prevented iron chlorosis more effectively than PAA-coated particles. We demonstrate through roots of mutants and visualization of pH changes that acidification of root exudates primarily originates from root tips and the synergistic mode of nanoparticle uptake and transformation in different root compartments. The nanoparticles entered the roots mainly through the epidermis but were not affected by lateral roots or root hairs. Our results show that magnetic nanoparticles can be a sustainable source of iron for preventing leaf chlorosis and that nanoparticle surface coating regulates this process in distinctive ways. This information also serves as an urgently needed theoretical basis for guiding the application of nanomaterials in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Ya Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong250014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lu Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Xie
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Han Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, P. R. China
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15
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Guo Z, Gong J, Luo S, Zuo Y, Shen Y. Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Plant Defense Response. Metabolites 2023; 13:741. [PMID: 37367899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that acts as a defense substance and a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, and which helps plants respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review focuses on the role of GABA's synthetic and metabolic pathways in regulating primary plant metabolism, redistributing carbon and nitrogen resources, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and improving plants' tolerance of oxidative stress. This review also highlights the way in which GABA maintains intracellular pH homeostasis by acting as a buffer and activating H+-ATPase. In addition, calcium signals participate in the accumulation process of GABA under stress. Moreover, GABA also transmits calcium signals through receptors to trigger downstream signaling cascades. In conclusion, understanding the role of GABA in this defense response provides a theoretical basis for applying GABA in agriculture and forestry and feasible coping strategies for plants in complex and changeable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuitian Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixin Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
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16
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Wang W, Fei Y, Wang Y, Song B, Li L, Zhang W, Cheng H, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhou JM. SHOU4/4L link cell wall cellulose synthesis to pattern-triggered immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1620-1635. [PMID: 36810979 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are plasma membrane-localised proteins that sense molecular patterns to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) function downstream of PRRs to propagate signal transduction via the phosphorylation of substrate proteins. The identification and characterisation of RLCK-regulated substrate proteins are critical for our understanding of plant immunity. We showed that SHOU4 and SHOU4L are rapidly phosphorylated upon various patterns elicitation and are indispensable for plant resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Protein-protein interaction and phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1, a prominent protein kinase of RLCK subfamily VII (RLCK-VII), interacted with SHOU4/4L and phosphorylated multiple serine residues on SHOU4L N-terminus upon pattern flg22 treatment. Neither phospho-dead nor phospho-mimic SHOU4L variants complemented pathogen resistance and plant development defect of the loss-of-function mutant, suggesting that reversible phosphorylation of SHOU4L is critical to plant immunity and plant development. Co-immunoprecipitation data revealed that flg22 induced SHOU4L dissociation from cellulose synthase 1 (CESA1) and that a phospho-mimic SHOU4L variant inhibited the interaction between SHOU4L and CESA1, indicating the link between SHOU4L-mediated cellulose synthesis and plant immunity. This study thus identified SHOU4/4L as new components of PTI and preliminarily revealed the mechanism governing SHOU4L regulation by RLCKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Beibei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hangyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
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17
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Huerta AI, Sancho-Andrés G, Montesinos JC, Silva-Navas J, Bassard S, Pau-Roblot C, Kesten C, Schlechter R, Dora S, Ayupov T, Pelloux J, Santiago J, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. The WAK-like protein RFO1 acts as a sensor of the pectin methylation status in Arabidopsis cell walls to modulate root growth and defense. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:865-881. [PMID: 37002606 PMCID: PMC10168605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most organisms adjust their development according to the environmental conditions. For the majority, this implies the sensing of alterations to cell walls caused by different cues. Despite the relevance of this process, few molecular players involved in cell wall sensing are known and characterized. Here, we show that the wall-associated kinase-like protein RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1 (RFO1) is required for plant growth and early defense against Fusarium oxysporum and functions by sensing changes in the pectin methylation levels in the cell wall. The RFO1 dwell time at the plasma membrane is affected by the pectin methylation status at the cell wall, regulating MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE and gene expression. We show that the extracellular domain of RFO1 binds de-methylated pectin in vitro, whose distribution in the cell wall is altered during F. oxysporum infection. Further analyses also indicate that RFO1 is required for the BR-dependent plant growth alteration in response to inhibition of pectin de-methyl-esterase activity at the cell wall. Collectively, our work demonstrates that RFO1 is a sensor of the pectin methylation status that plays a unique dual role in plant growth and defense against vascular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolonio I Huerta
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Javier Silva-Navas
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christopher Kesten
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Schlechter
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dora
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Temurkhan Ayupov
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Julia Santiago
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Aryal B, Xia J, Hu Z, Stumpe M, Tsering T, Liu J, Huynh J, Fukao Y, Glöckner N, Huang HY, Sáncho-Andrés G, Pakula K, Ziegler J, Gorzolka K, Zwiewka M, Nodzynski T, Harter K, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Jasiński M, Rosahl S, Geisler MM. An LRR receptor kinase controls ABC transporter substrate preferences during plant growth-defense decisions. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2008-2023.e8. [PMID: 37146609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The exporter of the auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), ABCG36/PDR8/PEN3, from the model plant Arabidopsis has recently been proposed to also function in the transport of the phytoalexin camalexin. Based on these bonafide substrates, it has been suggested that ABCG36 functions at the interface between growth and defense. Here, we provide evidence that ABCG36 catalyzes the direct, ATP-dependent export of camalexin across the plasma membrane. We identify the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, QIAN SHOU KINASE1 (QSK1), as a functional kinase that physically interacts with and phosphorylates ABCG36. Phosphorylation of ABCG36 by QSK1 unilaterally represses IBA export, allowing camalexin export by ABCG36 conferring pathogen resistance. As a consequence, phospho-dead mutants of ABCG36, as well as qsk1 and abcg36 alleles, are hypersensitive to infection with the root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, caused by elevated fungal progression. Our findings indicate a direct regulatory circuit between a receptor kinase and an ABC transporter that functions to control transporter substrate preference during plant growth and defense balance decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Aryal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tashi Tsering
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - John Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Nina Glöckner
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hsin-Yao Huang
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gloria Sáncho-Andrés
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Pakula
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joerg Ziegler
- Department Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karin Gorzolka
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics Masaryk University, CEITEC MU Kamenice 5, Building A26, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Nodzynski
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics Masaryk University, CEITEC MU Kamenice 5, Building A26, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus Harter
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sabine Rosahl
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Markus M Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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19
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Guo H, Zhang Y, Li B, Li C, Shi Q, Zhu-Salzman K, Ge F, Sun Y. Salivary carbonic anhydrase II in winged aphid morph facilitates plant infection by viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2222040120. [PMID: 36976769 PMCID: PMC10083582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2222040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphids are the most common insect vector transmitting hundreds of plant viruses. Aphid wing dimorphism (winged vs. wingless) not only showcases the phenotypic plasticity but also impacts virus transmission; however, the superiority of winged aphids in virus transmission over the wingless morph is not well understood. Here, we show that plant viruses were efficiently transmitted and highly infectious when associated with the winged morph of Myzus persicae and that a salivary protein contributed to this difference. The carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) gene was identified by RNA-seq of salivary glands to have higher expression in the winged morph. Aphids secreted CA-II into the apoplastic region of plant cells, leading to elevated accumulation of H+. Apoplastic acidification further increased the activities of polygalacturonases, the cell wall homogalacturonan (HG)-modifying enzymes, promoting degradation of demethylesterified HGs. In response to apoplastic acidification, plants accelerated vesicle trafficking to enhance pectin transport and strengthen the cell wall, which also facilitated virus translocation from the endomembrane system to the apoplast. Secretion of a higher quantity of salivary CA-II by winged aphids promoted intercellular vesicle transport in the plant. The higher vesicle trafficking induced by winged aphids enhanced dispersal of virus particles from infected cells to neighboring cells, thus resulting in higher virus infection in plants relative to the wingless morph. These findings imply that the difference in the expression of salivary CA-II between winged and wingless morphs is correlated with the vector role of aphids during the posttransmission infection process, which influences the outcome of plant endurance of virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Chenwei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding071002, China
| | - Qingyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Feng Ge
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Jinan250100, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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20
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Shen J, Zhao R. Live measurement of organelle pH by plant pHluorins. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:486-487. [PMID: 36610817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China
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21
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McFarlane HE. Open questions in plant cell wall synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad110. [PMID: 36961357 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells are surrounded by strong yet flexible polysaccharide-based cell walls that support the cell while also allowing growth by cell expansion. Plant cell wall research has advanced tremendously in recent years. Sequenced genomes of many model and crop plants have facilitated cataloging and characterization of many enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. Structural information has been generated for several important cell wall synthesizing enzymes. Important tools have been developed including antibodies raised against a variety of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins, collections of enzyme clones and synthetic glycan arrays for characterizing enzymes, herbicides that specifically affect cell wall synthesis, live-cell imaging probes to track cell wall synthesis, and an inducible secondary cell wall synthesis system. Despite these advances, and often because of the new information they provide, many open questions about plant cell wall polysaccharide synthesis persist. This article highlights some of the key questions that remain open, reviews the data supporting different hypotheses that address these questions, and discusses technological developments that may answer these questions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
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22
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Salinity-Induced Cytosolic Alkaline Shifts in Arabidopsis Roots Require the SOS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043549. [PMID: 36834961 PMCID: PMC9960406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to sense, respond to and overcome the detrimental effects of high soil salinity. The role of calcium transients in salinity stress signaling is well established, but the physiological significance of concurrent salinity-induced changes in cytosolic pH remains largely undefined. Here, we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis roots expressing the genetically encoded ratiometric pH-sensor pHGFP fused to marker proteins for the recruitment of the sensor to the cytosolic side of the tonoplast (pHGFP-VTI11) and the plasma membrane (pHGFP-LTI6b). Salinity elicited a rapid alkalinization of cytosolic pH (pHcyt) in the meristematic and elongation zone of wild-type roots. The pH-shift near the plasma membrane preceded that at the tonoplast. In pH-maps transversal to the root axis, the epidermis and cortex had cells with a more alkaline pHcyt relative to cells in the stele in control conditions. Conversely, seedlings treated with 100 mM NaCl exhibited an increased pHcyt in cells of the vasculature relative to the external layers of the root, and this response occurred in both reporter lines. These pHcyt changes were substantially reduced in mutant roots lacking a functional SOS3/CBL4 protein, suggesting that the operation of the SOS pathway mediated the dynamics of pHcyt in response to salinity.
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23
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Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Kempson H, Haseloff J. A Simple Reversed Iontophoresis-Based Sensor to Enable In Vivo Multiplexed Measurement of Plant Biomarkers Using Screen-Printed Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:780. [PMID: 36679574 PMCID: PMC9863583 DOI: 10.3390/s23020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The direct quantification of plant biomarkers in sap is crucial to enhancing crop production. However, current approaches are inaccurate, involving the measurement of non-specific parameters such as colour intensity of leaves, or requiring highly invasive processes for the extraction of sap. In addition, these methods rely on bulky and expensive equipment, and they are time-consuming. The present work reports for the first time a low-cost sensing device that can be used for the simultaneous determination of sap K+ and pH in living plants by means of reverse iontophoresis. A screen-printed electrode was modified by deposition of a K+-selective membrane, achieving a super-Nernstian sensitivity of 70 mV Log[K+]−1 and a limit of detection within the micromolar level. In addition, the cathode material of the reverse iontophoresis device was modified by electrodeposition of RuOx particles. This electrode could be used for the direct extraction of ions from plant leaves and the amperometric determination of pH within the physiological range (pH 3−8), triggered by the selective reaction of RuOx with H+. A portable and low-cost (<£60) microcontroller-based device was additionally designed to enable its use in low-resource settings. The applicability of this system was demonstrated by measuring the changes in concentration of K+ and pH in tomato plants before and after watering with deionised water. These results represent a step forward in the design of affordable and non-invasive devices for the monitoring of key biomarkers in plants, with a plethora of applications in smart farming and precision agriculture among others.
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24
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Khattab IM, Fischer J, Kaźmierczak A, Thines E, Nick P. Ferulic acid is a putative surrender signal to stimulate programmed cell death in grapevines after infection with Neofusicoccum parvum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:339-358. [PMID: 36263963 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An apoplectic breakdown from grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) has become a serious challenge to viticulture as a consequence of drought stress. We hypothesize that fungal aggressiveness is controlled by a chemical communication between the host and colonizing fungus. We introduce the new concept of a 'plant surrender signal' accumulating in host plants under stress and facilitating the aggressive behaviour of the strain Neofusicoccum parvum (Bt-67) causing Botryosphaeriaceae-related dieback in grapevines. Using a cell-based experimental system (Vitis cells) and bioactivity-guided fractionation, we identify trans-ferulic acid, a monolignol precursor, as a 'surrender signal'. We show that this signal specifically activates the secretion of the fungal phytotoxin fusicoccin A aglycone. We show further that this phytotoxin, mediated by 14-3-3 proteins, activates programmed cell death in Vitis cells. We arrive at a model showing a chemical communication facilitating fusicoccin A secretion that drives necrotrophic behaviour during Botryosphaeriaceae-Vitis interaction through trans-ferulic acid. We thus hypothesize that channelling the phenylpropanoid pathway from this lignin precursor to the trans-resveratrol phytoalexin could be a target for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Khattab
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Jochen Fischer
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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Kesten C, García-Moreno Á, Amorim-Silva V, Menna A, Castillo AG, Percio F, Armengot L, Ruiz-Lopez N, Jaillais Y, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Botella MA. Peripheral membrane proteins modulate stress tolerance by safeguarding cellulose synthases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6971. [PMID: 36383676 PMCID: PMC9668322 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled primary cell wall remodeling allows plant growth under stressful conditions, but how these changes are conveyed to adjust cellulose synthesis is not understood. Here, we identify the TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE (TTL) proteins as new members of the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) and describe their unique and hitherto unknown dynamic association with the CSC under cellulose-deficient conditions. We find that TTLs are essential for maintaining cellulose synthesis under high-salinity conditions, establishing a stress-resilient cortical microtubule array, and stabilizing CSCs at the plasma membrane. To fulfill these functions, TTLs interact with CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 1 (CESA1) and engage with cortical microtubules to promote their polymerization. We propose that TTLs function as bridges connecting stress perception with dynamic regulation of cellulose biosynthesis at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kesten
- Department of Biology, ETH-Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Álvaro García-Moreno
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Vítor Amorim-Silva
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | | | - Araceli G. Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Francisco Percio
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Noemi Ruiz-Lopez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | | | - Miguel A. Botella
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
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26
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Cellulose in Secondary Xylem of Cactaceae: Crystalline Composition and Anatomical Distribution. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224840. [PMID: 36432966 PMCID: PMC9695511 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the main polymer that gives strength to the cell wall and is located in the primary and secondary cell walls of plants. In Cactaceae, there are no studies on the composition of cellulose. The objective of this work was to analyze the crystallinity composition and anatomical distribution of cellulose in Cactaceae vascular tissue. Twenty-five species of Cactaceae were collected, dried, and milled. Cellulose was purified and analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the crystallinity indexes were calculated, and statistical analyzes were performed. Stem sections were fixed, cut, and stained with safranin O/fast green, for observation with epifluorescence microscopy. The crystalline cellulose ratios had statistical differences between Echinocereus pectinatus and Coryphantha pallida. All cacti species presented a higher proportion of crystalline cellulose. The fluorescence emission of the cellulose was red in color and distributed in the primary wall of non-fibrous species; while in the fibrous species, the distribution was in the pits. The high percentages of crystalline cellulose may be related to its distribution in the non-lignified parenchyma and primary walls of tracheary elements with helical or annular thickenings of non-fibrous species, possibly offering structural rigidity and forming part of the defense system against pathogens.
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27
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Moreau H, Gaillard I, Paris N. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors adapted to acidic pH highlight subdomains within the plant cell apoplast. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6744-6757. [PMID: 35604912 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pH is one of the challenges in understanding diverse physiological regulations as well as ionic balance, especially in highly acidic environments such as the apoplast and the vacuole. To circumvent the poor efficiency of pH measurements below pH 5, we designed three genetically encoded sensors composed of two fluorescent proteins in tandem. We selected fluorescent protein pairs of low but sufficiently different pKa so that each protein could differentially sense the imposed pH. The generated tandems, named Acidin2, Acidin3, and Acidin4, were produced in Escherichia coli and extensively characterized. Altogether, these generated tandems cover a pH range of 3-8. The Acidins were targeted either for release in the apoplast (Apo) or for anchoring at the outer face of the plasma membrane (PM-Apo), with the fluorescent part exposed in the apoplast. Apoplastic Acidins in stably transformed Arabidopsis thaliana primary roots responded immediately and reversibly to pH changes, directly reporting physiological conditions related to cell elongation. In addition, membrane-anchored Acidins reveal a gradual acidification from the surface through the anticlinal wall of pavement cells, a process controlled at least partially by H+-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Moreau
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Paris
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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28
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Wang L, Calabria J, Chen HW, Somssich M. The Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 pathosystem: an overview. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6052-6067. [PMID: 35709954 PMCID: PMC9578349 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen of several major food crops. Research on understanding the molecular details of fungal infection and the plant's defense mechanisms against this pathogen has long focused mainly on the tomato-infecting F. oxysporum strains and their specific host plant. However, in recent years, the Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 (Fo5176) pathosystem has additionally been established to study this plant-pathogen interaction with all the molecular biology, genetic, and genomic tools available for the A. thaliana model system. Work on this system has since produced several new insights, especially with regards to the role of phytohormones involved in the plant's defense response, and the receptor proteins and peptide ligands involved in pathogen detection. Furthermore, work with the pathogenic strain Fo5176 and the related endophytic strain Fo47 has demonstrated the suitability of this system for comparative studies of the plant's specific responses to general microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this review, we highlight the advantages of this specific pathosystem, summarize the advances made in studying the molecular details of this plant-fungus interaction, and point out open questions that remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jacob Calabria
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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29
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Zhu Y, McFarlane HE. Regulation of cellulose synthesis via exocytosis and endocytosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102273. [PMID: 35987011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a critical component of plant cell walls. Cellulose is made at the plasma membrane by cellulose synthase (CESA) enzymes organized into large, multi-subunit cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). Although CESAs are only active at the plasma membrane, fluorescently-tagged CESAs also substantially label the Golgi apparatus and other intracellular compartments, even when cellulose synthesis rates are high. These data imply that CESA activity is regulated by trafficking to the plasma membrane (exocytosis) and removal from the plasma membrane (endocytosis), as well as recycling of endocytosed CESAs back to the plasma membrane. Key molecular components and events of CESA exocytosis and endocytosis have recently been defined, primarily using mutant analysis and live-cell imaging in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we integrate these data into a working model of CESA regulation by exocytosis and endocytosis and highlight key outstanding questions. We present the hypothesis that cycling of CESAs between the plasma membrane and the endomembrane system is important for regulating cellulose synthesis and for maintaining a robust population of active CSCs in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St. Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St. Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
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30
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Tran Q, Osabe K, Entani T, Wazawa T, Hattori M, Nagai T. Application of Green-enhanced Nano-lantern as a bioluminescent ratiometric indicator for measurement of Arabidopsis thaliana root apoplastic fluid pH. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3157-3170. [PMID: 35864560 PMCID: PMC9542637 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant root absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, and the root apoplastic fluid (AF) is an important intermediate between cells and the surrounding environment. The acid growth theory suggests that an acidic AF is needed for cell wall expansion during root growth. However, technical limitations have precluded the quantification of root apoplastic fluid pH (AF-pH). Here, we used Green-enhanced Nano-lantern (GeNL), a chimeric protein of the luciferase NanoLuc (Nluc) and the green fluorescent protein mNeonGreen (mNG), as a ratiometric pH indicator based on the pH dependency of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer efficiency from Nluc to mNG. Luminescence spectrum of GeNL changed reciprocally from pH 4.5 to 7.5, with a pKa of 5.5. By fusing GeNL to a novel signal peptide from Arabidopsis thaliana Cellulase 1, we localised GeNL in A. thaliana AF. We visualised AF dynamics at subcellular resolution over 30 min and determined flow velocity in the maturation zone to be 0.97± 0.06 μm/s. We confirmed that the developing root AF is acidic in the pH range of 5.1-5.7, suggesting that the AF-pH is tightly regulated during root elongation. These results support the acid growth theory and provide evidence for AF-pH maintenance despite changes in ambient pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tran
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Kenji Osabe
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Tetsuyuki Entani
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
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31
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Gámez-Arjona FM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Montesinos JC. The root apoplastic pH as an integrator of plant signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931979. [PMID: 36082302 PMCID: PMC9448249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrition, growth, and response to environmental stresses are pH-dependent processes that are regulated at the apoplastic and subcellular levels. The root apoplastic pH is especially sensitive to external cues and can also be modified by intracellular inputs, such as hormonal signaling. Optimal crosstalk of the mechanisms involved in the extent and span of the apoplast pH fluctuations promotes plant resilience to detrimental biotic and abiotic factors. The fact that variations in local pHs are a standard mechanism in different signaling pathways indicates that the pH itself can be the pivotal element to provide a physiological context to plant cell regions, allowing a proportional reaction to different situations. This review brings a collective vision of the causes that initiate root apoplastic pHs variations, their interaction, and how they influence root response outcomes.
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32
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Kong WL, Chen X, Sun H, Sun XR, Wu XQ. Identification of Two Fungal Pathogens Responsible for Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera Black Spot and Screening of Trichoderma sp. for Disease Control. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2172-2181. [PMID: 35077229 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1266-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera black spot is a newly discovered disease that causes yellowing and early shedding of leaves, affecting the growth of Liriodendron trees, and significantly reducing their ornamental value as a garden species. The pathogen responsible for this disease, and how it can be prevented and controlled, are not clear. In this study, the occurrence of this disease was first investigated according to Koch's postulates, and the primary pathogens causing Liriodendron black spot were determined to be Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata. Biocontrol strains antagonistic to these two pathogens were then screened from the leaf microorganisms of L. chinense × tulipifera, and a preliminary investigation of the biological control of Liriodendron black spot was performed. Through the screening of antagonistic microorganisms on the leaf surface of L. chinense × tulipifera, the strain Trichoderma koningiopsis T2, which displayed strong antagonism against C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata, was obtained. The T2 strain could inhibit the growth of the two pathogens via three mechanisms: hyperparasitism, volatile and nonvolatile metabolite production, and environmental acidification. The biocontrol experiments in the greenhouse and field showed that initial spraying with a T. koningiopsis T2 spore suspension followed by the two pathogens resulted in the lowest disease incidence. These results confirmed the black spot pathogens of L. chinense × tulipifera, clarified the antagonistic mechanism of T. koningiopsis T2 against the two pathogens, and provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the biological control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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33
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Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Kempson H, Haseloff J. In Vivo Sensing of pH in Tomato Plants Using a Low-Cost and Open-Source Device for Precision Agriculture. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:447. [PMID: 35884250 PMCID: PMC9313326 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensing devices for precision agriculture is crucial to boost crop yields and limit shortages in food productions due to the growing population. However, current approaches cannot provide direct information about the physiological status of the plants, reducing sensing accuracy. The development of implanted devices for plant monitoring represents a step forward in this field, enabling the direct assessment of key biomarkers in plants. However, available devices are expensive and cannot be used for long-term applications. The current work presents the application of ruthenium oxide-based nanofilms for the in vivo monitoring of pH in plants. The sensors were manufactured using the low-cost electrodeposition of RuO2 films, and the final device could be successfully incorporated for the monitoring of xylem sap pH for at least 10 h. RuO2 nanoparticles were chosen as the sensing material due to its biocompatibility and chemical stability. To reduce the noise rates and drift of the sensors, a protective layer consisting of a cellulose/PDMS hybrid material was deposited by an aerosol method (>GBP 50), involving off-the-shelf devices, leading to a good control of film thickness. Nanometrically thin films with a thickness of 80 nm and roughness below 3 nm were fabricated. This film led to a seven-fold decrease in drift while preserving the selectivity of the sensors towards H+ ions. The sensing devices were tested in vivo by implantation inside a tomato plant. Environmental parameters such as humidity and temperature were additionally monitored using a low-cost Wio Terminal device, and the data were sent wirelessly to an online server. The interactions between plant tissues and metal oxide-based sensors were finally studied, evidencing the formation of a lignified layer between the sensing film and xylem. Thus, this work reports for the first time a low-cost electrochemical sensor that can be used for the continuous monitoring of pH in xylem sap. This device can be easily modified to improve the long-term performance when implanted inside plant tissues, representing a step forward in the development of precision agriculture technologies.
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Dora S, Terrett OM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Plant-microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1532-1550. [PMID: 35157079 PMCID: PMC9048882 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell wall occupies most of the apoplast and is composed of polysaccharides and associated proteins and ions. This dynamic part of the cell constitutes an essential physical barrier and a source of nutrients for the microbe. At the same time, the plant cell wall serves important functions in the interkingdom detection, recognition, and response to other organisms. Thus, both plant and microbe modify the plant cell wall and its environment in versatile ways to benefit from the interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at the plant cell wall during the contact and communication between microbe and plant. Finally, we argue that these local and dynamic changes need to be considered to fully understand plant-microbe interactions.
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35
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Gámez-Arjona FM, Vitale S, Voxeur A, Dora S, Müller S, Sancho-Andrés G, Montesinos JC, Di Pietro A, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Impairment of the cellulose degradation machinery enhances Fusarium oxysporum virulence but limits its reproductive fitness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl9734. [PMID: 35442735 PMCID: PMC9020665 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens grow in the apoplastic space, in constant contact with the plant cell wall (CW) that hinders microbe progression while representing a source of nutrients. Although numerous fungal CW modifying proteins have been identified, their role during host colonization remains underexplored. Here, we show that the root-infecting plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) does not require its complete arsenal of cellulases to infect the host plant. Quite the opposite: Fo mutants impaired in cellulose degradation become hypervirulent by enhancing the secretion of virulence factors. On the other hand, the reduction in cellulase activity had a severe negative effect on saprophytic growth and microconidia production during the final stages of the Fo infection cycle. These findings enhance our understanding of the function of plant CW degradation on the outcome of host-microbe interactions and reveal an unexpected role of cellulose degradation in a pathogen's reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Vitale
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aline Voxeur
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Susanne Dora
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Müller
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Antonio Di Pietro
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Guo J, He J, Dehesh K, Cui X, Yang Z. CamelliA-based simultaneous imaging of Ca2+ dynamics in subcellular compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2253-2271. [PMID: 35218352 PMCID: PMC8968278 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a universal second messenger, calcium (Ca2+) transmits specific cellular signals via a spatiotemporal signature generated from its extracellular source and internal stores. Our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the generation of a Ca2+ signature is hampered by limited tools for simultaneously monitoring dynamic Ca2+ levels in multiple subcellular compartments. To overcome the limitation and to further improve spatiotemporal resolutions, we have assembled a molecular toolset (CamelliA lines) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that enables simultaneous and high-resolution monitoring of Ca2+ dynamics in multiple subcellular compartments through imaging different single-colored genetically encoded calcium indicators. We uncovered several Ca2+ signatures in three types of Arabidopsis cells in response to internal and external cues, including rapid oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ and apical plasma membrane Ca2+ influx in fast-growing Arabidopsis pollen tubes, the spatiotemporal relationship of Ca2+ dynamics in four subcellular compartments of root epidermal cells challenged with salt, and a shockwave-like Ca2+ wave propagating in laser-wounded leaf epidermis. These observations serve as a testimony to the wide applicability of the CamelliA lines for elucidating the subcellular sources contributing to the Ca2+ signatures in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Guo
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
| | - Jiangman He
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
| | - Xinping Cui
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
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Chavonet E, Gaucher M, Warneys R, Bodelot A, Heintz C, Juillard A, Cournol R, Widmalm G, Bowen JK, Hamiaux C, Brisset MN, Degrave A. Search for host defense markers uncovers an apple agglutination factor corresponding with fire blight resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1350-1368. [PMID: 34904175 PMCID: PMC8825249 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathenogenesis-related (PR) proteins are extensively used as molecular markers to dissect the signaling cascades leading to plant defense responses. However, studies focusing on the biochemical or biological properties of these proteins remain rare. Here, we identify and characterize a class of apple (Malus domestica) PR proteins, named M. domestica AGGLUTININS (MdAGGs), belonging to the amaranthin-like lectin family. By combining molecular and biochemical approaches, we show that abundant production of MdAGGs in leaf tissues corresponds with enhanced resistance to the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the disease fire blight. We also show that E. amylovora represses the expression of MdAGG genes by injecting the type 3 effector DspA/E into host cells and by secreting bacterial exopolysaccharides. Using a purified recombinant MdAGG, we show that the protein agglutinates E. amylovora cells in vitro and binds bacterial lipopolysaccharides at low pH, conditions reminiscent of the intercellular pH occurring in planta upon E. amylovora infection. We finally provide evidence that negatively charged polysaccharides, such as the free exopolysaccharide amylovoran progressively released by the bacteria, act as decoys relying on charge-charge interaction with the MdAGG to inhibit agglutination. Overall, our results suggest that the production of this particular class of PR proteins may contribute to apple innate immunity mechanisms active against E. amylovora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Chavonet
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Matthieu Gaucher
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Romain Warneys
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Antoine Bodelot
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Christelle Heintz
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Anthony Juillard
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Raphaël Cournol
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna K Bowen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Noëlle Brisset
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Alexandre Degrave
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
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Fuglsang AT, Palmgren M. Proton and calcium pumping P-type ATPases and their regulation of plant responses to the environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1856-1875. [PMID: 35235671 PMCID: PMC8644242 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane H+-ATPases and Ca2+-ATPases maintain low cytoplasmic concentrations of H+ and Ca2+, respectively, and are essential for plant growth and development. These low concentrations allow plasma membrane H+-ATPases to function as electrogenic voltage stats, and Ca2+-ATPases as "off" mechanisms in Ca2+-based signal transduction. Although these pumps are autoregulated by cytoplasmic concentrations of H+ and Ca2+, respectively, they are also subject to exquisite regulation in response to biotic and abiotic events in the environment. A common paradigm for both types of pumps is the presence of terminal regulatory (R) domains that function as autoinhibitors that can be neutralized by multiple means, including phosphorylation. A picture is emerging in which some of the phosphosites in these R domains appear to be highly, nearly constantly phosphorylated, whereas others seem to be subject to dynamic phosphorylation. Thus, some sites might function as major switches, whereas others might simply reduce activity. Here, we provide an overview of the relevant transport systems and discuss recent advances that address their relation to external stimuli and physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja T Fuglsang
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Author for communication:
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Gigli-Bisceglia N, Testerink C. Fighting salt or enemies: shared perception and signaling strategies. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102120. [PMID: 34856479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants react to a myriad of biotic and abiotic environmental signals through specific cellular mechanisms required for survival under stress. Although pathogen perception has been widely studied and characterized, salt stress perception and signaling remain largely elusive. Recent observations, obtained in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, show that perception of specific features of pathogens also allows plants to mount salt stress resilience pathways, highlighting the possibility that salt sensing and pathogen perception mechanisms partially overlap. We discuss these overlapping strategies and examine the emerging role of A. thaliana cell wall and plasma membrane components in activating both salt- and pathogen-induced responses, as part of exquisite mechanisms underlying perception of damage and danger. This knowledge helps understanding the complexity of plant responses to pathogens and salinity, leading to new hypotheses that could explain why plants evolved similar strategies to respond to these, at first sight, very different types of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands.
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands.
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Zhu S, Fu Q, Xu F, Zheng H, Yu F. New paradigms in cell adaptation: decades of discoveries on the CrRLK1L receptor kinase signalling network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1168-1183. [PMID: 34424552 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental stimuli. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few decades towards elucidating the mechanisms of action of several RLKs, with emerging paradigms pointing to their roles in cell adaptations. Among these paradigms, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) proteins and their rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptide ligands have attracted much interest. In particular, FERONIA (FER) is a CrRLK1L protein that participates in a wide array of physiological processes associated with RALF signalling, including cell growth and monitoring cell wall integrity, RNA and energy metabolism, and phytohormone and stress responses. Here, we analyse FER in the context of CrRLK1L members and their ligands in multiple species. The FER working model raises many questions about the role of CrRLK1L signalling networks during cell adaptation. For example, how do CrRLK1Ls recognize various RALF peptides from different organisms to initiate specific phosphorylation signal cascades? How do RALF-FER complexes achieve their specific, sometimes opposite, functions in different cell types? Here, we summarize recent major findings and highlight future perspectives in the field of CrRLK1L signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, 410125, China
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41
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Zhou Y, Ding M, Nagel G, Konrad KR, Gao S. Advances and prospects of rhodopsin-based optogenetics in plant research. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:572-589. [PMID: 35237820 PMCID: PMC8491038 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins have advanced optogenetics since the discovery of channelrhodopsins almost two decades ago. During this time an abundance of microbial rhodopsins has been discovered, engineered, and improved for studies in neuroscience and other animal research fields. Optogenetic applications in plant research, however, lagged largely behind. Starting with light-regulated gene expression, optogenetics has slowly expanded into plant research. The recently established all-trans retinal production in plants now enables the use of many microbial opsins, bringing extra opportunities to plant research. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of rhodopsin-based plant optogenetics and provide a perspective for future use, combined with fluorescent sensors to monitor physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
- Author for communication:
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Moreau H, Zimmermann SD, Gaillard I, Paris N. pH biosensing in the plant apoplast-a focus on root cell elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:504-514. [PMID: 35237817 PMCID: PMC8491080 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The pH parameter of soil plays a key role for plant nutrition as it is affecting the availability of minerals and consequently determines plant growth. Although the mechanisms by which root perceive the external pH is still unknown, the impact of external pH on tissue growth has been widely studied especially in hypocotyl and root. Thanks to technological development of cell imaging and fluorescent sensors, we can now monitor pH in real time with at subcellular definition. In this focus, fluorescent dye-based, as well as genetically-encoded pH indicators are discussed especially with respect to their ability to monitor acidic pH in the context of primary root. The notion of apoplastic subdomains is discussed and suggestions are made to develop fluorescent indicators for pH values below 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Moreau
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Menna A, Dora S, Sancho-Andrés G, Kashyap A, Meena MK, Sklodowski K, Gasperini D, Coll NS, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. A primary cell wall cellulose-dependent defense mechanism against vascular pathogens revealed by time-resolved dual transcriptomics. BMC Biol 2021; 19:161. [PMID: 34404410 PMCID: PMC8371875 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell walls (CWs) are protein-rich polysaccharide matrices essential for plant growth and environmental acclimation. The CW constitutes the first physical barrier as well as a primary source of nutrients for microbes interacting with plants, such as the vascular pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo). Fo colonizes roots, advancing through the plant primary CWs towards the vasculature, where it grows causing devastation in many crops. The pathogenicity of Fo and other vascular microbes relies on their capacity to reach and colonize the xylem. However, little is known about the root-microbe interaction before the pathogen reaches the vasculature and the role of the plant CW during this process. RESULTS Using the pathosystem Arabidopsis-Fo5176, we show dynamic transcriptional changes in both fungus and root during their interaction. One of the earliest plant responses to Fo5176 was the downregulation of primary CW synthesis genes. We observed enhanced resistance to Fo5176 in Arabidopsis mutants impaired in primary CW cellulose synthesis. We confirmed that Arabidopsis roots deposit lignin in response to Fo5176 infection, but we show that lignin-deficient mutants were as susceptible as wildtype plants to Fo5176. Genetic impairment of jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling did not alter Arabidopsis response to Fo5176, whereas impairment of ethylene signaling did increase vasculature colonization by Fo5176. Abolishing ethylene signaling attenuated the observed resistance while maintaining the dwarfism observed in primary CW cellulose-deficient mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides significant insights on the dynamic root-vascular pathogen interaction at the transcriptome level and the vital role of primary CW cellulose during defense response to these pathogens. These findings represent an essential resource for the generation of plant resistance to Fo that can be transferred to other vascular pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Menna
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dora
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mukesh Kumar Meena
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Noman M, Ahmed T, Ijaz U, Shahid M, Azizullah, Li D, Manzoor I, Song F. Plant-Microbiome Crosstalk: Dawning from Composition and Assembly of Microbial Community to Improvement of Disease Resilience in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6852. [PMID: 34202205 PMCID: PMC8269294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants host diverse but taxonomically structured communities of microorganisms, called microbiome, which colonize various parts of host plants. Plant-associated microbial communities have been shown to confer multiple beneficial advantages to their host plants, such as nutrient acquisition, growth promotion, pathogen resistance, and environmental stress tolerance. Systematic studies have provided new insights into the economically and ecologically important microbial communities as hubs of core microbiota and revealed their beneficial impacts on the host plants. Microbiome engineering, which can improve the functional capabilities of native microbial species under challenging agricultural ambiance, is an emerging biotechnological strategy to improve crop yield and resilience against variety of environmental constraints of both biotic and abiotic nature. This review highlights the importance of indigenous microbial communities in improving plant health under pathogen-induced stress. Moreover, the potential solutions leading towards commercialization of proficient bioformulations for sustainable and improved crop production are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Usman Ijaz
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Azizullah
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Irfan Manzoor
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; or
| | - Fengming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
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45
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Yu Q, Ding F, Shen J, He X. A newly nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-fused reversible fluorescence probe for pH monitoring and application in bioimaging. Talanta 2021; 228:122218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pacifico D, Lanzanova C, Pagnotta E, Bassolino L, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D, Matteo R, Lo Scalzo R, Balconi C. Sustainable Use of Bioactive Compounds from Solanum Tuberosum and Brassicaceae Wastes and by-Products for Crop Protection-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2174. [PMID: 33918886 PMCID: PMC8070479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defatted seed meals of oleaginous Brassicaceae, such as Eruca sativa, and potato peel are excellent plant matrices to recover potentially useful biomolecules from industrial processes in a circular strategy perspective aiming at crop protection. These biomolecules, mainly glycoalkaloids and phenols for potato and glucosinolates for Brassicaceae, have been proven to be effective against microbes, fungi, nematodes, insects, and even parasitic plants. Their role in plant protection is overviewed, together with the molecular basis of their synthesis in plant, and the description of their mechanisms of action. Possible genetic and biotechnological strategies are presented to increase their content in plants. Genetic mapping and identification of closely linked molecular markers are useful to identify the loci/genes responsible for their accumulation and transfer them to elite cultivars in breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches can be used to modify their allelic sequence and enhance the accumulation of the bioactive compounds. How the global challenges, such as reducing agri-food waste and increasing sustainability and food safety, could be addressed through bioprotector applications are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pacifico
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Lanzanova
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Laura Bassolino
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
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Coleman AD, Maroschek J, Raasch L, Takken FLW, Ranf S, Hückelhoven R. The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase MIK2 is a crucial component of early immune responses to a fungal-derived elicitor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3453-3466. [PMID: 33253435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium spp. cause severe economic damage in many crops, exemplified by Panama disease of banana or Fusarium head blight of wheat. Plants sense immunogenic patterns (termed elicitors) at the cell surface to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Knowledge of fungal elicitors and corresponding plant immune-signaling is incomplete but could yield valuable sources of resistance. We characterized Arabidopsis thaliana PTI responses to a peptide elicitor fraction present in several Fusarium spp. and employed a forward-genetic screen using plants containing a cytosolic calcium reporter to isolate fusarium elicitor reduced elicitation (fere) mutants. We mapped the causal mutation in fere1 to the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase MDIS1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) and confirmed a crucial role of MIK2 in fungal elicitor perception. MIK2-dependent elicitor responses depend on known signaling components and transfer of AtMIK2 is sufficient to confer elicitor sensitivity to Nicotiana benthamiana. Arabidopsis senses Fusarium elicitors by a novel receptor complex at the cell surface that feeds into common PTI pathways. These data increase mechanistic understanding of PTI to Fusarium and place MIK2 at a central position in Arabidopsis elicitor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Coleman
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Julian Maroschek
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Lars Raasch
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Frank L W Takken
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94215, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
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48
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Hakim S, Naqqash T, Nawaz MS, Laraib I, Siddique MJ, Zia R, Mirza MS, Imran A. Rhizosphere Engineering With Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms for Agriculture and Ecological Sustainability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.617157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere is undoubtedly the most complex microhabitat, comprised of an integrated network of plant roots, soil, and a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, eukaryotes, and archaea. The rhizosphere conditions have a direct impact on crop growth and yield. Nutrient-rich rhizosphere environments stimulate plant growth and yield and vice versa. Extensive cultivation exhaust most of the soils which need to be nurtured before or during the next crop. Chemical fertilizers are the major source of crop nutrients but their uncontrolled and widespread usage has posed a serious threat to the sustainability of agriculture and stability of an ecosystem. These chemicals are accumulated in the soil, drained in water, and emitted to the air where they persist for decades causing a serious threat to the overall ecosystem. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) present in the rhizosphere convert many plant-unavailable essential nutrients e.g., nitrogen, phosphorous, zinc, etc. into available forms. PGPR produces certain plant growth hormones (such as auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin), cell lytic enzymes (chitinase, protease, hydrolases, etc.), secondary metabolites, and antibiotics, and stress alleviating compounds (e.g., 1-Aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase), chelating agents (siderophores), and some signaling compounds (e.g., N-Acyl homoserine lactones) to interact with the beneficial or pathogenic counterparts in the rhizosphere. These multifarious activities of PGPR improve the soil structure, health, fertility, and functioning which directly or indirectly support plant growth under normal and stressed environments. Rhizosphere engineering with these PGPR has a wide-ranging application not only for crop fertilization but developing eco-friendly sustainable agriculture. Due to severe climate change effects on plants and rhizosphere biology, there is growing interest in stress-resilient PGPM and their subsequent application to induce stress (drought, salinity, and heat) tolerance mechanism in plants. This review describes the three components of rhizosphere engineering with an explicit focus on the broader perspective of PGPM that could facilitate rhizosphere engineering in selected hosts to serve as an efficient component for sustainable agriculture.
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Kim H, Ju J, Lee HN, Chun H, Seong J. Genetically Encoded Biosensors Based on Fluorescent Proteins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:795. [PMID: 33504068 PMCID: PMC7865379 DOI: 10.3390/s21030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) allow for the real-time monitoring of molecular dynamics in space and time, which are crucial for the proper functioning and regulation of complex cellular processes. Depending on the types of molecular events to be monitored, different sensing strategies need to be applied for the best design of FP-based biosensors. Here, we review genetically encoded biosensors based on FPs with various sensing strategies, for example, translocation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), reconstitution of split FP, pH sensitivity, maturation speed, and so on. We introduce general principles of each sensing strategy and discuss critical factors to be considered if available, then provide representative examples of these FP-based biosensors. These will help in designing the best sensing strategy for the successful development of new genetically encoded biosensors based on FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Chun
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
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50
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Stupar S, Dragićević M, Tešević V, Stanković-Jeremić J, Maksimović V, Ćosić T, Devrnja N, Tubić L, Cingel A, Vinterhalter B, Ninković S, Savić J. Transcriptome Profiling of the Potato Exposed to French Marigold Essential Oil with a Special Emphasis on Leaf Starch Metabolism and Defense against Colorado Potato Beetle. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010172. [PMID: 33477577 PMCID: PMC7831324 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flower strips of French Marigold are commonly used pest repellents in potato fields. However, the effect of French Marigold volatiles on potato metabolism, physiology and induced defense is unknown. Thus, a microarray transcriptome analysis was performed to study the effects of French Marigold essential oil (EO) on laboratory-grown potato. After 8 h of exposure to EO, with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-detected terpinolene and limonene as dominant compounds, 2796 transcripts were differentially expressed with fold change >2 compared to expression in controls. A slightly higher number of transcripts had suppressed expression (1493 down- vs. 1303 up-regulated). Since transcripts, annotated to different photosynthesis-related processes, were mostly down-regulated, we selected a set of 10 genes involved in the leaf starch metabolism pathway, and validated microarray patterns using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Except for decreased synthesis and induced decomposition of starch granule in leaves, 8 h long EO exposure slightly elevated the accumulation of sucrose compared to glucose and fructose in subjected potato plants. An in vitro feeding bioassay with Colorado potato beetle showed that EO-induced alternations on transcriptional level and in the sugars’ metabolism caused the enhancement of feeding behavior and overall development of the tested larvae. Results of comprehensive analysis of transcriptional responses in potato exposed to French Marigold EO provide a basis for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying eco-physiological interactions in companion planting cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Stupar
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Milan Dragićević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Vele Tešević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Stanković-Jeremić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vuk Maksimović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Nina Devrnja
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Ljiljana Tubić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Aleksandar Cingel
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Branka Vinterhalter
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
| | - Jelena Savić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (M.D.); (T.Ć.); (N.D.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (B.V.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-64-2048-021
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