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Su Y, Fang J, Zeeshan Ul Haq M, Yang W, Yu J, Yang D, Liu Y, Wu Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Casparian Strip Membrane Domain Protein-like Gene Family in Peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.) Revealed Its Crucial Role in Growth and Multiple Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2077. [PMID: 39124195 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Casparian strip membrane domain proteins (CASPs), regulating the formation of Casparian strips in plants, serve crucial functions in facilitating plant growth, development, and resilience to abiotic stress. However, little research has focused on the characteristics and functions of AhCASPs in cultivated peanuts. In this study, the genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the AhCASPs gene family was performed using bioinformatics and transcriptome data. Results showed that a total of 80 AhCASPs members on 20 chromosomes were identified and divided into three subclusters, which mainly localized to the cell membrane. Ka/Ks analysis revealed that most of the genes underwent purifying selection. Analysis of cis elements suggested the possible involvement of AhCASPs in hormonal and stress responses, including GA, MeJA, IAA, ABA, drought, and low temperature. Moreover, 20 different miRNAs for 37 different AhCASPs genes were identified by the psRNATarget service. Likewise, transcriptional analysis revealed key AhCASPs responding to various stresses, hormonal processing, and tissue types, including 33 genes in low temperature and drought stress and 41 genes in tissue-specific expression. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the functions of AhCASPs in growth, development, and multiple stress resistance in cultivated peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Su
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jieyun Fang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Ul Haq
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ya Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
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Luo L, Jiang L, Chen T, Zhao Z, Kang C, Chen D, Long Y. Analysis of spatiotemporal changes mechanism of cell wall biopolymers and monosaccharide components in kiwifruit during Botryosphaeria dothidea infection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124837. [PMID: 39059260 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
To further reveal the interaction mechanism between plants and pathogens, this study used confocal Raman microscopy spectroscopy (CRM) combined with chemometrics to visualize the biopolymers distribution of kiwifruit cell walls at different infection stages at the cellular micro level. Simultaneously, the changes in the content of various monosaccharides in fruit were studied at the molecular level using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There were significant differences in the composition of various nutrient components in the cell wall structure of kiwifruit at different infection times after infection by Botryosphaeria dothidea. PCA could cluster samples with infection time of 0-9 d into different infection stages, and SVM was used to predict the PCA classification results, the accuracy >96 %. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) helped to identify single substance spectra and concentration signals from mixed spectral signals. The pure substance chemical imaging maps of low methylated pectin (LMP), high methylated pectin (HMP), cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were obtained by analyzing the resolved concentration data. The imaging results showed that the lignin content in the kiwifruit cell wall increased significantly to resist pathogens infection after the infection of B. dothidea. With the development of infection, B. dothidea decomposed various substances in the host cell walls, allowing them to penetrate the interior of fruit cells. This caused significant changes in the form, structure, and distribution of various chemicals on the fruit cell walls in time and space. HPLC showed that glucose was the main carbon source and energy substance obtained by pathogens from kiwifruit during infection. The contents of galactose and arabinose, which maintained the structure and function of the fruit cell walls, decreased significantly and the cell wall structure was destroyed in the late stage of pathogens infection. This study provided a new perspective on the cellular structure changes caused by pathogenic infection of fruit and the defense response process of fruit and provided effective references for further research on the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in fruit infected by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Youhua Long
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Chen C, Cai Y, He B, Zhang Q, Liang D, Wang Y, Chen H, Yao J. Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Analysis of the DIR Gene Family in Schima superba. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7467. [PMID: 39000574 PMCID: PMC11242867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Schima superba, commonly known as the Chinese guger tree, is highly adaptable and tolerant of poor soil conditions. It is one of the primary species forming the evergreen broad-leaved forests in southern China. Dirigent proteins (DIRs) play crucial roles in the synthesis of plant lignin and lignans, secondary metabolism, and response to adversity stress. However, research on the DIR gene family in S. superba is currently limited. This study identified 24 SsDIR genes, categorizing them into three subfamilies. These genes are unevenly distributed across 13 chromosomes, with 83% being intronless. Collinearity analysis indicated that tandem duplication played a more significant role in the expansion of the gene family compared to segmental duplication. Additionally, we analyzed the expression patterns of SsDIRs in different tissues of S. superba. The SsDIR genes exhibited distinct expression patterns across various tissues, with most being specifically expressed in the roots. Further screening identified SsDIR genes that may regulate drought stress, with many showing differential expression under drought stress conditions. In the promoter regions of SsDIRs, various cis-regulatory elements involved in developmental regulation, hormone response, and stress response were identified, which may be closely related to their diverse regulatory functions. This study will contribute to the further functional identification of SsDIR genes, providing insights into the biosynthetic pathways of lignin and lignans and the mechanisms of plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changya Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Boxiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dongcheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Hongpeng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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4
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Song D, Huang K, Li S, Jiang J, Zhao L, Luan H. GmCYB5-4 inhibit SMV proliferation by targeting P3 protein. Virology 2024; 595:110069. [PMID: 38640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a potyvirus found worldwide in soybean (Glycine max). GmCYB5-4 is a strong candidate interactor of P3. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the GmCYB5 family in soybeans, including its distribution on chromosomes, promoter analysis, conserved motifs, phylogenetic analysis, and expression patterns. We cloned the full-length GmCYB5-4 and examined its interaction with P3 in yeast, which was later confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc). We silenced GmCYB5-4 using a bean pottle mosaic viris (BPMV) based system to generate SilCYB5-4 tissues, which surprisingly knocked down four isoforms of GmCYB5s for functional characterization. SilCYB5-4 plants were challenged with the SC3 strain to determine its involvement in SMV infection. Silencing GmCYB5-4 increased SMV accumulation, indicating that GmCYB5-4 inhibited SMV proliferation. However, further experiments are needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the involvement of GmCYB5-4 in SMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqiao Song
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Hospital of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Longgang Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; High-efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and alkaline Land of Dongying Qingdao Agricultural University, China.
| | - Hexiang Luan
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China; High-efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and alkaline Land of Dongying Qingdao Agricultural University, China.
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5
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Singh P, St Clair JB, Lind BM, Cronn R, Wilhelmi NP, Feau N, Lu M, Vidakovic DO, Hamelin RC, Shaw DC, Aitken SN, Yeaman S. Genetic architecture of disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas-fir trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:705-719. [PMID: 38803110 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of how plants defend against pathogens is important to monitor and maintain resilient tree populations. Swiss needle cast (SNC) and Rhabdocline needle cast (RNC) epidemics are responsible for major damage of forest ecosystems in North America. Here we investigate the genetic architecture of tolerance and resistance to needle cast diseases in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) caused by two fungal pathogens: SNC caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, and RNC caused by Rhabdocline pseudotsugae. We performed case-control genome-wide association analyses and found disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas-fir to be polygenic and under strong selection. We show that stomatal regulation as well as ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways are important for resisting SNC infection, and secondary metabolite pathways play a role in tolerating SNC once the plant is infected. We identify a major transcriptional regulator of plant defense, ERF1, as the top candidate for RNC resistance. Our findings shed light on the highly polygenic architectures underlying fungal disease resistance and tolerance and have important implications for forestry and conservation as the climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Division, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum, CH-6047, Switzerland
| | - J Bradley St Clair
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Brandon M Lind
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Cronn
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Nicholas P Wilhelmi
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Arizona Zone, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Nicolas Feau
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dragana Obreht Vidakovic
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C Hamelin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - David C Shaw
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Sally N Aitken
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Yeaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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6
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Singh P, Kumari A, Khaladhar VC, Singh N, Pathak PK, Kumar V, Kumar RJ, Jain P, Thakur JK, Fernie AR, Bauwe H, Raghavendra AS, Gupta KJ. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase6 is involved in growth and resistance against pathogens via ethylene and lignin production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38924321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiratory serine hydroxymethyltransferases (SHMTs) are important enzymes of cellular one-carbon metabolism. In this study, we investigated the potential role of SHMT6 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that SHMT6 is localized in the nucleus and expressed in different tissues during development. Interestingly SHMT6 is inducible in response to avirulent, virulent Pseudomonas syringae and to Fusarium oxysporum infection. Overexpression of SHMT6 leads to larger flowers, siliques, seeds, roots, and consequently an enhanced overall biomass. This enhanced growth was accompanied by increased stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity as well as ATP, protein, and chlorophyll levels. By contrast, a shmt6 knockout mutant displayed reduced growth. When challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 expressing AvrRpm1, SHMT6 overexpression lines displayed a clear hypersensitive response which was characterized by enhanced electrolyte leakage and reduced bacterial growth. In response to virulent Pst DC3000, the shmt6 mutant developed severe disease symptoms and becomes very susceptible, whereas SHMT6 overexpression lines showed enhanced resistance with increased expression of defense pathway associated genes. In response to Fusarium oxysporum, overexpression lines showed a reduction in symptoms. Moreover, SHMT6 overexpression lead to enhanced production of ethylene and lignin, which are important components of the defense response. Collectively, our data revealed that SHMT6 plays an important role in development and defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Namrata Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ritika Jantu Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- AIMMSCR, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- Plant Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18051, Germany
| | - A S Raghavendra
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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7
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Blaschek L, Serk H, Pesquet E. Functional Complexity on a Cellular Scale: Why In Situ Analyses Are Indispensable for Our Understanding of Lignified Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38832924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Lignins are a key adaptation that enables vascular plants to thrive in terrestrial habitats. Lignin is heterogeneous, containing upward of 30 different monomers, and its function is multifarious: It provides structural support, predetermined breaking points, ultraviolet protection, diffusion barriers, pathogen resistance, and drought resilience. Recent studies, carefully characterizing lignin in situ, have started to identify specific lignin compositions and ultrastructures with distinct cellular functions, but our understanding remains fractional. We summarize recent works and highlight where further in situ lignin analysis could provide valuable insights into plant growth and adaptation. We also summarize strengths and weaknesses of lignin in situ analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Bhandari DD, Brandizzi F. Logistics of defense: The contribution of endomembranes to plant innate immunity. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307066. [PMID: 38551496 PMCID: PMC10982075 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens cause plant diseases that threaten food security. Unlike mammals, plants lack an adaptive immune system and rely on their innate immune system to recognize and respond to pathogens. Plant response to a pathogen attack requires precise coordination of intracellular traffic and signaling. Spatial and/or temporal defects in coordinating signals and cargo can lead to detrimental effects on cell development. The role of intracellular traffic comes into a critical focus when the cell sustains biotic stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the post-immune activation logistics of plant defense. Specifically, we focus on packaging and shipping of defense-related cargo, rerouting of intracellular traffic, the players enabling defense-related traffic, and pathogen-mediated subversion of these pathways. We highlight the roles of the cytoskeleton, cytoskeleton-organelle bridging proteins, and secretory vesicles in maintaining pathways of exocytic defense, acting as sentinels during pathogen attack, and the necessary elements for building the cell wall as a barrier to pathogens. We also identify points of convergence between mammalian and plant trafficking pathways during defense and highlight plant unique responses to illustrate evolutionary adaptations that plants have undergone to resist biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak D. Bhandari
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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9
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Yi F, Li Y, Song A, Shi X, Hu S, Wu S, Shao L, Chu Z, Xu K, Li L, Tran LP, Li W, Cai Y. Positive roles of the Ca 2+ sensors GbCML45 and GbCML50 in improving cotton Verticillium wilt resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13483. [PMID: 38829344 PMCID: PMC11146148 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
As a universal second messenger, cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) functions in multifaceted intracellular processes, including growth, development and responses to biotic/abiotic stresses in plant. The plant-specific Ca2+ sensors, calmodulin and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins, function as members of the second-messenger system to transfer Ca2+ signal into downstream responses. However, the functions of CMLs in the responses of cotton (Gossypium spp.) after Verticillium dahliae infection, which causes the serious vascular disease Verticillium wilt, remain elusive. Here, we discovered that the expression level of GbCML45 was promoted after V. dahliae infection in roots of cotton, suggesting its potential role in Verticillium wilt resistance. We found that knockdown of GbCML45 in cotton plants decreased resistance while overexpression of GbCML45 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants enhanced resistance to V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, there was physiological interaction between GbCML45 and its close homologue GbCML50 by using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence assays, and both proteins enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae infection in a Ca2+-dependent way in a knockdown study. Detailed investigations indicated that several defence-related pathways, including salicylic acid, ethylene, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling pathways, as well as accumulations of lignin and callose, are responsible for GbCML45- and GbCML50-modulated V. dahliae resistance in cotton. These results collectively indicated that GbCML45 and GbCML50 act as positive regulators to improve cotton Verticillium wilt resistance, providing potential targets for exploitation of improved Verticillium wilt-tolerant cotton cultivars by genetic engineering and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuzhe Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Aosong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Xinying Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shanci Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Lili Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Zongyan Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Kun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Liangliang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Lam‐Son Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ResistanceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Yingfan Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
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10
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Saberi Riseh R, Fathi F, Lagzian A, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Modifying lignin: A promising strategy for plant disease control. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132696. [PMID: 38823737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer found in the cell walls of plants, providing structural support and protection against pathogens. By modifying lignin composition and structure, scientists aim to optimize plant defense responses and increase resistance to pathogens. This can be achieved through various genetic engineering techniques which involve manipulating the genes responsible for lignin synthesis. By either up regulating or down regulating specific genes, researchers can alter the lignin content, composition, or distribution in plant tissues. Reducing lignin content in specific tissues like leaves can improve the effectiveness of defense mechanisms by allowing for better penetration of antimicrobial compounds. Overall, Lignin modification through techniques has shown promising results in enhancing various plants resistance against pathogens. Furthermore, lignin modification can have additional benefits beyond pathogen resistance. It can improve biomass processing for biofuel production by reducing lignin recalcitrance, making the extraction of sugars from cellulose more efficient. The complexity of lignin biosynthesis and its interactions with other plant components make it a challenging target for modification. Additionally, the potential environmental impact and regulatory considerations associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) require careful evaluation. Ongoing research aims to further optimize this approach and develop sustainable solutions for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Lagzian
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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11
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Wang H, Wei X, Mo C, Wei M, Li Y, Fan Y, Gu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Kong Q. Integrated full-length transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the defence response of melon to gummy stem blight. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1997-2010. [PMID: 38379450 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Gummy stem blight (GSB), a widespread disease causing great loss to cucurbit production, has become a major threat to melon cultivation. However, the melon-GSB interaction remains largely unknown. Here, full-length transcriptome and widely targeted metabolome were used to investigate the defence responses of resistant (PI511089) and susceptible (Payzawat) melon accessions to GSB pathogen infection at 24 h. The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and MAPK signalling pathway were specifically enriched for differentially expressed genes in PI511890, while carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were specifically enriched in Payzawat. More than 1000 novel genes were identified and MAPK signalling pathway was specifically enriched for them in PI511890. There were 11 793 alternative splicing events involving in the defence response to GSB. Totally, 910 metabolites were identified in Payzawat and PI511890, and flavonoids were the dominant metabolites. Integrated full-length transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed eriodictyol and oxalic acid were the potential marker metabolites for GSB resistance in melon. Moreover, posttranscription regulation was widely involved in the defence response of melon to GSB pathogen infection. These results not only improve our understanding on the interaction between melon and GSB, but also facilitate the genetic improvement of melon with GSB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjuan Mo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongbing Zhang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Yan Y, Wang P, He J, Shi H. KIN10-mediated HB16 protein phosphorylation and self-association improve cassava disease resistance by transcriptional activation of lignin biosynthesis genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38768314 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight significantly affects cassava yield worldwide, while major cassava cultivars are susceptible to this disease. Therefore, it is crucial to identify cassava disease resistance gene networks and defence molecules for the genetic improvement of cassava cultivars. In this study, we found that MeHB16 transcription factor as a differentially expressed gene in cassava cultivars with contrasting disease resistance, positively modulated disease resistance by modulating defence molecule lignin accumulation. Further investigation showed that MeHB16 physically interacted with itself via the leucine-Zippe domain (L-Zip), which was necessary for the transcriptional activation of downstream lignin biosynthesis genes. In addition, protein kinase MeKIN10 directly interacted with MeHB16 to promote its phosphorylation at Ser6, which in turn enhanced MeHB16 self-association and downstream lignin biosynthesis. In summary, this study revealed the molecular network of MeKIN10-mediated MeHB16 protein phosphorylation improved cassava bacterial blight resistance by fine-tuning lignin biosynthesis and provides candidate genes and the defence molecule for improving cassava disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan province, China
| | - Jiaoyan He
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan province, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan province, China
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13
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Gokulan CG, Bangale U, Balija V, Ballichatla S, Potupureddi G, Rao D, Varma P, Magar N, Jallipalli K, Manthri S, Padmakumari AP, Laha GS, Rao LVS, Barbadikar KM, Raman MS, Patel HK, Maganti SM, Sonti RV. Multiomics-assisted characterization of rice-Yellow Stem Borer interaction provides genomic and mechanistic insights into stem borer resistance in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:122. [PMID: 38713254 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE By deploying a multi-omics approach, we unraveled the mechanisms that might help rice to combat Yellow Stem Borer infestation, thus providing insights and scope for developing YSB resistant rice varieties. Yellow Stem Borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a major pest of rice, that can lead to 20-60% loss in rice production. Effective management of YSB infestation is challenged by the non-availability of adequate sources of resistance and poor understanding of resistance mechanisms, thus necessitating studies for generating resources to breed YSB resistant rice and to understand rice-YSB interaction. In this study, by using bulk-segregant analysis in combination with next-generation sequencing, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) intervals in five rice chromosomes were mapped that could be associated with YSB resistance at the vegetative phase in a resistant rice line named SM92. Further, multiple SNP markers that showed significant association with YSB resistance in rice chromosomes 1, 5, 10, and 12 were developed. RNA-sequencing of the susceptible and resistant lines revealed several genes present in the candidate QTL intervals to be differentially regulated upon YSB infestation. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a putative candidate gene that was predicted to encode an alpha-amylase inhibitor. Analysis of the transcriptome and metabolite profiles further revealed a possible link between phenylpropanoid metabolism and YSB resistance. Taken together, our study provides deeper insights into rice-YSB interaction and enhances the understanding of YSB resistance mechanism. Importantly, a promising breeding line and markers for YSB resistance have been developed that can potentially aid in marker-assisted breeding of YSB resistance among elite rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Gokulan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Umakanth Bangale
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Vishalakshi Balija
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Suneel Ballichatla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Gopi Potupureddi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Deepti Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Prashanth Varma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Nakul Magar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Karteek Jallipalli
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Sravan Manthri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - A P Padmakumari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Gouri S Laha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - L V Subba Rao
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | | | | | - Hitendra K Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sheshu Madhav Maganti
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India.
- ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, 533105, India.
| | - Ramesh V Sonti
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Han SY, Park SY, Won KH, Park SI, Park JH, Shim D, Hwang I, Jeong DH, Kim H. Elucidating the callus-to-shoot-forming mechanism in Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey' through comparative transcriptome analyses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:367. [PMID: 38711041 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of shoots plays a pivotal role in plant organogenesis and productivity. Despite its significance, the underlying molecular mechanism of de novo regeneration has not been extensively elucidated in Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey', a bell pepper cultivar. To address this, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis focusing on the differential expression in C. annuum 'Dempsey' shoot, callus, and leaf tissue. We further investigated phytohormone-related biological processes and their interacting genes in the C. annuum 'Dempsey' transcriptome based on comparative transcriptomic analysis across five species. RESULTS We provided a comprehensive view of the gene networks regulating shoot formation on the callus, revealing a strong involvement of hypoxia responses and oxidative stress. Our comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant conservation in the increase of gene expression patterns related to auxin and defense mechanisms in both callus and shoot tissues. Consequently, hypoxia response and defense mechanism emerged as critical regulators in callus and shoot formation in C. annuum 'Dempsey'. Current transcriptome data also indicated a substantial decline in gene expression linked to photosynthesis within regenerative tissues, implying a deactivation of the regulatory system governing photosynthesis in C. annuum 'Dempsey'. CONCLUSION Coupled with defense mechanisms, we thus considered spatial redistribution of auxin to play a critical role in the shoot morphogenesis via primordia outgrowth. Our findings shed light on shoot formation mechanisms in C. annuum 'Dempsey' explants, important information for regeneration programs, and have broader implications for precise molecular breeding in recalcitrant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Kang-Hee Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Park
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea.
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
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15
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Xu Y, Tao M, Xu W, Xu L, Yue L, Cao X, Chen F, Wang Z. Nano-CeO 2 activates physical and chemical defenses of garlic (Allium sativum L.) for reducing antibiotic resistance genes in plant endosphere. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116289. [PMID: 38570269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of manure- and wastewater-borne antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to plants contributes to the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, necessitating effective strategies for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from ARB in the environment to humans. Nanomaterials are potential candidates for efficiently controlling the dissemination of ARGs. The present study investigated the abundance of ARGs in hydroponically grown garlic (Allium sativum L.) following nano-CeO2 (nCeO2) application. Specifically, root exposure to nCeO2 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg L-1, 18 days) reduced ARG abundance in the endosphere of bulbs and leaves. The accumulation of ARGs (cat, tet, and aph(3')-Ia) in garlic bulbs decreased by 24.2-32.5 % after nCeO2 exposure at 10 mg L-1. Notably, the lignification extent of garlic stem-disc was enhanced by 10 mg L-1 nCeO2, thereby accelerating the formation of an apoplastic barrier to impede the upward transfer of ARG-harboring bacteria to garlic bulbs. Besides, nCeO2 upregulated the gene expression related to alliin biosynthesis and increased allicin content by 15.9-16.2 %, promoting a potent antimicrobial defense for reducing ARG-harboring bacteria. The potential exposure risks associated with ARGs and Ce were evaluated according to the estimated daily intake (EDI). The EDI of ARGs exhibited a decrease exceeding 95 %, while the EDI of Ce remained below the estimated oral reference dose. Consequently, through stimulating physical and chemical defenses, nCeO2 contributed to a reduced EDI of ARGs and Ce, highlighting its potential for controlling ARGs in plant endosphere within the framework of nano-enabled agrotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengna Tao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Environment & Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanqing Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
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17
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Lilay GH, Thiébaut N, du Mee D, Assunção AGL, Schjoerring JK, Husted S, Persson DP. Linking the key physiological functions of essential micronutrients to their deficiency symptoms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:881-902. [PMID: 38433319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we untangle the physiological key functions of the essential micronutrients and link them to the deficiency responses in plants. Knowledge of these responses at the mechanistic level, and the resulting deficiency symptoms, have improved over the last decade and it appears timely to review recent insights for each of them. A proper understanding of the links between function and symptom is indispensable for an accurate and timely identification of nutritional disorders, thereby informing the design and development of sustainable fertilization strategies. Similarly, improved knowledge of the molecular and physiological functions of micronutrients will be important for breeding programmes aiming to develop new crop genotypes with improved nutrient-use efficiency and resilience in the face of changing soil and climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay Hailu Lilay
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Noémie Thiébaut
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
- Earth and Life Institute, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Dorine du Mee
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
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18
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Sun Y, Fernie AR. Plant secondary metabolism in a fluctuating world: climate change perspectives. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:560-571. [PMID: 38042677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes have unpredictable effects on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants adapt metabolically to overcome these challenges, with plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) being crucial for plant-environment interactions. Thus, understanding how PSMs respond to climate change is vital for future cultivation and breeding strategies. Here, we review PSM responses to climate changes such as elevated carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen deposition, heat and drought, as well as a combinations of different factors. These responses are complex, depending on stress dosage and duration, and metabolite classes. We finally identify mechanisms by which climate change affects PSM production ecologically and molecularly. While these observations provide insights into PSM responses to climate changes and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, considerable further research is required for a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Liu C, He S, Chen J, Wang M, Li Z, Wei L, Chen Y, Du M, Liu D, Li C, An C, Bhadauria V, Lai J, Zhu W. A dual-subcellular localized β-glucosidase confers pathogen and insect resistance without a yield penalty in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1017-1032. [PMID: 38012865 PMCID: PMC10955503 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops for food, cattle feed and energy production. However, maize is frequently attacked by various pathogens and pests, which pose a significant threat to maize yield and quality. Identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for resistance to pests will provide the basis for resistance breeding in maize. Here, a β-glucosidase ZmBGLU17 was identified as a resistance gene against Pythium aphanidermatum, one of the causal agents of corn stalk rot, by genome-wide association analysis. Genetic analysis showed that both structural variations at the promoter and a single nucleotide polymorphism at the fifth intron distinguish the two ZmBGLU17 alleles. The causative polymorphism near the GT-AG splice site activates cryptic alternative splicing and intron retention of ZmBGLU17 mRNA, leading to the downregulation of functional ZmBGLU17 transcripts. ZmBGLU17 localizes in both the extracellular matrix and vacuole and contribute to the accumulation of two defence metabolites lignin and DIMBOA. Silencing of ZmBGLU17 reduces maize resistance against P. aphanidermatum, while overexpression significantly enhances resistance of maize against both the oomycete pathogen P. aphanidermatum and the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis. Notably, ZmBGLU17 overexpression lines exhibited normal growth and yield phenotype in the field. Taken together, our findings reveal that the apoplastic and vacuolar localized ZmBGLU17 confers resistance to both pathogens and insect pests in maize without a yield penalty, by fine-tuning the accumulation of lignin and DIMBOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shengfeng He
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junbin Chen
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingyu Wang
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhenju Li
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Luyang Wei
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Chen
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meida Du
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dandan Liu
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cai Li
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunju An
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio‐breedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Vijai Bhadauria
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio‐breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wangsheng Zhu
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, and College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio‐breedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Tsai MC, Barati MT, Kuppireddy VS, Beckerson WC, Long G, Perlin MH. Characterization of Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae Secreted Effector Proteins, Their Potential Host Targets, and Localization in a Heterologous Host Plant. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:262. [PMID: 38667933 PMCID: PMC11051474 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is an obligate fungal species colonizing the plant host, Silene latifolia. The fungus synthesizes and secretes effector proteins into the plant host during infection to manipulate the host for completion of the fungal lifecycle. The goal of this study was to continue functional characterization of such M. lychnidis-dioicae effectors. Here, we identified three putative effectors and their putative host-plant target proteins. MVLG_02245 is highly upregulated in M. lychnidis-dioicae during infection; yeast two-hybrid analysis suggests it targets a tubulin α-1 chain protein ortholog in the host, Silene latifolia. A potential plant protein interacting with MVLG_06175 was identified as CASP-like protein 2C1 (CASPL2C1), which facilitates the polymerization of the Casparian strip at the endodermal cells. Proteins interacting with MVLG_05122 were identified as CSN5a or 5b, involved in protein turnover. Fluorescently labelled MVLG_06175 and MVLG_05122 were expressed in the heterologous plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. MVLG_06175 formed clustered granules at the tips of trichomes on leaves and in root caps, while MVLG_05122 formed a band structure at the base of leaf trichomes. Plants expressing MVLG_05122 alone were more resistant to infection with Fusarium oxysporum. These results indicate that the fungus might affect the formation of the Casparian strip in the roots and the development of trichomes during infection as well as alter plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - Michelle T. Barati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Venkata S. Kuppireddy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - William C. Beckerson
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - Grace Long
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - Michael H. Perlin
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
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21
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Das AK, Mitra K, Conte AJ, Sarker A, Chowdhury A, Ragauskas AJ. Lignin - A green material for antibacterial application - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129753. [PMID: 38286369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Lignin's antibacterial properties have become increasingly relevant due to the rise of microbial infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Lignin is capable of interacting electrostatically with bacteria and contains polyphenols that cause damage to their cell walls. These features make lignin a desirable material to exhibit antibacterial behavior. Therefore, lignin in antibacterial applications offers a novel approach to address the growing need for sustainable and effective antibacterial materials. Recent research has explored the incorporation of lignin in various biomedical applications, such as wound dressings, implants, and drug delivery systems, highlighting their potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the development of lignin-based nanomaterials with enhanced antimicrobial activity is an active area of research that holds great promise for the future. In this review, we have provided a summary of how lignin can be incorporated into different forms, such as composite and non-composite synthesis of antibacterial agents and their performances. The challenges and future considerations are also discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE- 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Kangkana Mitra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38400, France.
| | - Austin J Conte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Asim Sarker
- Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Aysha Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Evolution, CBI, ESPCI, University PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee Institution of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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22
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Hudson A, Mullens A, Hind S, Jamann T, Balint-Kurti P. Natural variation in the pattern-triggered immunity response in plants: Investigations, implications and applications. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13445. [PMID: 38528659 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response is triggered at the plant cell surface by the recognition of microbe-derived molecules known as microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or molecules derived from compromised host cells called damage-associated molecular patterns. Membrane-localized receptor proteins, known as pattern recognition receptors, are responsible for this recognition. Although much of the machinery of PTI is conserved, natural variation for the PTI response exists within and across species with respect to the components responsible for pattern recognition, activation of the response, and the strength of the response induced. This review describes what is known about this variation. We discuss how variation in the PTI response can be measured and how this knowledge might be utilized in the control of plant disease and in developing plant varieties with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Hudson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Mullens
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Hind
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Yagyu M, Yoshimoto K. New insights into plant autophagy: molecular mechanisms and roles in development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1234-1251. [PMID: 37978884 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic intracellular degradation process. Although the molecular mechanisms of plant autophagy share similarities with those in yeast and mammals, certain unique mechanisms have been identified. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of autophagy during vegetative growth stages as well as in plant-specific developmental processes, such as seed development, germination, flowering, and somatic reprogramming. Autophagy enables plants to adapt to and manage severe environmental conditions, such as nutrient starvation, high-intensity light stress, and heat stress, leading to intracellular remodeling and physiological changes in response to stress. In the past, plant autophagy research lagged behind similar studies in yeast and mammals; however, recent advances have greatly expanded our understanding of plant-specific autophagy mechanisms and functions. This review summarizes current knowledge and latest research findings on the mechanisms and roles of plant autophagy with the objective of improving our understanding of this vital process in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yagyu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Life Sciences Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Life Sciences Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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24
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Peracchi LM, Panahabadi R, Barros-Rios J, Bartley LE, Sanguinet KA. Grass lignin: biosynthesis, biological roles, and industrial applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343097. [PMID: 38463570 PMCID: PMC10921064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer found in most terrestrial plants that contributes an essential role in plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and biotic stress resistance. Recent research in grass lignin biosynthesis has found differences compared to dicots such as Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the prolific incorporation of hydroxycinnamic acids into grass secondary cell walls improve the structural integrity of vascular and structural elements via covalent crosslinking. Conversely, fundamental monolignol chemistry conserves the mechanisms of monolignol translocation and polymerization across the plant phylum. Emerging evidence suggests grass lignin compositions contribute to abiotic stress tolerance, and periods of biotic stress often alter cereal lignin compositions to hinder pathogenesis. This same recalcitrance also inhibits industrial valorization of plant biomass, making lignin alterations and reductions a prolific field of research. This review presents an update of grass lignin biosynthesis, translocation, and polymerization, highlights how lignified grass cell walls contribute to plant development and stress responses, and briefly addresses genetic engineering strategies that may benefit industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi M. Peracchi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Rahele Panahabadi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laura E. Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Karen A. Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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25
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Montesinos Á, Sacristán S, Del Prado-Polonio P, Arnaiz A, Díaz-González S, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Contrasting plant transcriptome responses between a pierce-sucking and a chewing herbivore go beyond the infestation site. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38369495 PMCID: PMC10875829 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have acquired a repertoire of mechanisms to combat biotic stressors, which may vary depending on the feeding strategies of herbivores and the plant species. Hormonal regulation crucially modulates this malleable defense response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) stand out as pivotal regulators of defense, while other hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA) or auxin also play a role in modulating plant-pest interactions. The plant defense response has been described to elicit effects in distal tissues, whereby aboveground herbivory can influence belowground response, and vice versa. This impact on distal tissues may be contingent upon the feeding guild, even affecting both the recovery of infested tissues and those that have not suffered active infestation. RESULTS To study how phytophagous with distinct feeding strategies may differently trigger the plant defense response during and after infestation in both infested and distal tissues, Arabidopsis thaliana L. rosettes were infested separately with the chewing herbivore Pieris brassicae L. and the piercing-sucker Tetranychus urticae Koch. Moderate infestation conditions were selected for both pests, though no quantitative control of damage levels was carried out. Feeding mode did distinctly influence the transcriptomic response of the plant under these conditions. Though overall affected processes were similar under either infestation, their magnitude differed significantly. Plants infested with P. brassicae exhibited a short-term response, involving stress-related genes, JA and ABA regulation and suppressing growth-related genes. In contrast, T. urticae elicited a longer transcriptomic response in plants, albeit with a lower degree of differential expression, in particular influencing SA regulation. These distinct defense responses transcended beyond infestation and through the roots, where hormonal response, flavonoid regulation or cell wall reorganization were differentially affected. CONCLUSION These outcomes confirm that the existent divergent transcriptomic responses elicited by herbivores employing distinct feeding strategies possess the capacity to extend beyond infestation and even affect tissues that have not been directly infested. This remarks the importance of considering the entire plant's response to localized biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Del Prado-Polonio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-González
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Qian R, Li Y, Liu Y, Sun N, Liu L, Lin X, Sun C. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the potential mechanisms underlying indium-induced inhibition of root elongation in wheat plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168477. [PMID: 37951262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by indium, an emerging contaminant from electronics, has a negative impact on crop growth. Inhibition of root growth serves as a valuable biomarker for predicting indium phytotoxicity. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying indium-induced root damage is essential for developing strategies to mitigate its harmful effects. Our transcriptomic findings revealed that indium affects the expression of numerous genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism in wheat roots. Morphological and compositional analysis revealed that indium induced a 2.9-fold thickening and a 17.5 % increase in the content of cell walls in wheat roots. Untargeted metabolomics indicated a substantial upregulation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. As the major end product of phenylpropanoid metabolism, lignin significantly accumulated in root cell walls after indium exposure. Together with increased lignin precursors, enhanced activity of lignin biosynthesis-related enzymes was observed. Moreover, analysis of the monomeric content and composition of lignin revealed a significant enrichment of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) and syringyl (S) units in root cell walls under indium stress. The present study contributes to the existing knowledge of indium toxicity. It provides valuable insights for developing sustainable solutions to address the challenges posed by electronic waste and indium contamination on agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Nan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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27
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Li M, Zhang L, Jiang LL, Zhao ZB, Long YH, Chen DM, Bin J, Kang C, Liu YJ. Label-free Raman microspectroscopic imaging with chemometrics for cellular investigation of apple ring rot and nondestructive early recognition using near-infrared reflection spectroscopy with machine learning. Talanta 2024; 267:125212. [PMID: 37741265 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Apple ring rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea can cause fruit decay during the growth and storage stages of apple fruit. Understanding the infection process and cellular defense response at the cellular micro-level holds immense importance in the field of prevention and control. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop suitable chemical imaging analysis methods. Here we proposed a label-free, high-throughput imaging method for cellular investigation of apple fruit ring rot infected by Botryosphaeria dothidea, based on confocal Raman microspectroscopic imaging technology combined with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares algorithm (MCR-ALS). We conducted Raman measurements on every apple fruit and obtain an image cube. This cube was then unfolded into an augmented matrix in a column-wise manner. We proceeded with simultaneous MCR-ALS analysis, resolving the single-substance spectrum and concentration profile from the mixed signals. Lastly, the accurate and pure molecular imaging of low methoxyl pectin, high methoxyl pectin, cellulose, lignin, and phenols were realized by refolding the resolved concentration data to construct the composition image. Thereafter, we realized the study of the spatial-temporal changes distribution of the above substances in the cuticle and cell wall of green and red apples at different stages of infection. The imaging method proposed in this paper is expected to provide a chemical imaging strategy for studying pathogen infection process and fruit defense response at the cellular level. In addition, by utilizing a fiber-optic probe near-infrared reflection spectrometer in conjunction with machine learning, we developed a rapid and non-destructive classification method. This method allows for the timely identification of apples exhibiting early infection by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Notably, both principal component analysis-quadratic discriminant analysis and support vector machine achieved a classification accuracy of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ling-Li Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Zhao
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - You-Hua Long
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jun Bin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Ya-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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28
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Jian Y, Gong D, Wang Z, Liu L, He J, Han X, Tsuda K. How plants manage pathogen infection. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:31-44. [PMID: 38177909 PMCID: PMC10897293 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To combat microbial pathogens, plants have evolved specific immune responses that can be divided into three essential steps: microbial recognition by immune receptors, signal transduction within plant cells, and immune execution directly suppressing pathogens. During the past three decades, many plant immune receptors and signaling components and their mode of action have been revealed, markedly advancing our understanding of the first two steps. Activation of immune signaling results in physical and chemical actions that actually stop pathogen infection. Nevertheless, this third step of plant immunity is under explored. In addition to immune execution by plants, recent evidence suggests that the plant microbiota, which is considered an additional layer of the plant immune system, also plays a critical role in direct pathogen suppression. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how plant immunity as well as microbiota control pathogen growth and behavior and highlight outstanding questions that need to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Jian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dianming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China.
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Yaqoob HS, Shoaib A, Anwar A, Perveen S, Javed S, Mehnaz S. Seed biopriming with Ochrobactrum ciceri mediated defense responses in Zea mays (L.) against Fusarium rot. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:49-66. [PMID: 38435857 PMCID: PMC10902241 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Seed bio-priming is a simple and friendly technique to improve stress resilience against fungal diseases in plants. An integrated approach of maize seeds biopriming with Ochrobactrum ciceri was applied in Zn-amended soil to observe the response against Fusarium rot disease of Zea mays (L.) caused by Fusarium verticillioides. Initially, the pathogen isolated from the infected corn was identified as F. verticillioides based on morphology and sequences of the internally transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene. Re-inoculation of maize seed with the isolated pathogen confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungus on the maize seeds. In vitro, the inhibitory potential of O. ciceri assessed on Zn-amended/un-amended growth medium revealed that antifungal potential of O. ciceri significantly improved in the Zn-amended medium, leading to 88% inhibition in fungal growth. Further assays with different concentrations (25, 50, and 75%) of cell pellet and the cultural filtrate of O. ciceri (with/without the Zn-amendment) showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of the pathogen that also led to discoloration, fragmentation, and complete disintegration of the fungus hyphae and spores at 75% dose. In planta, biopriming of maize seeds with O. ciceri significantly managed disease, improved the growth and biochemical attributes (up to two-fold), and accelerated accumulation of lignin, polyphenols, and starch, especially in the presence of basal Zn. The results indicated that bioprimed seeds along with Zn as the most promising treatment for managing disease and improving plant growth traits through the enhanced accumulation of lignin, polyphenols, and starch, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Sibgha Yaqoob
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shoaib
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Javed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samina Mehnaz
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
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30
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Khawula S, Gokul A, Niekerk LA, Basson G, Keyster M, Badiwe M, Klein A, Nkomo M. Insights into the Effects of Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Its Secondary Metabolites as Antioxidants for Oxidative Stress and Plant Growth under Environmental Stresses. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:81-95. [PMID: 38275667 PMCID: PMC10814621 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant immobility renders plants constantly susceptible to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic and biotic stresses are known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause comparable cellular secondary reactions (osmotic or oxidative stress), leading to agricultural productivity constraints worldwide. To mitigate the challenges caused by these stresses, plants have evolved a variety of adaptive strategies. Phenolic acids form a key component of these strategies, as they are predominantly known to be secreted by plants in response to abiotic or biotic stresses. Phenolic acids can be divided into different subclasses based on their chemical structures, such as hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids. This review analyzes hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives as they increase under stressful conditions, so to withstand environmental stresses they regulate physiological processes through acting as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and biochemical pathways. The mechanism of action used by hydroxycinnamic acid involves minimization of oxidative damage to maintain cellular homeostasis and protect vital cellular components from harm. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential of hydroxycinnamic acid metabolites/derivatives as potential antioxidants. We review the uses of different secondary metabolites associated with hydroxycinnamic acid and their contributions to plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindiswa Khawula
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Main Road, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of Free State, Phuthadithaba 9866, South Africa;
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (G.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Gerhard Basson
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (G.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (G.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Mihlali Badiwe
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7435, South Africa;
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mbukeni Nkomo
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Main Road, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
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31
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Wang R, Li C, Jia Z, Su Y, Ai Y, Li Q, Guo X, Tao Z, Lin F, Liang Y. Reversible phosphorylation of a lectin-receptor-like kinase controls xylem immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:2051-2066.e7. [PMID: 37977141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate basal resistance to most phytopathogens. However, plant responses can be cell type specific, and the mechanisms governing xylem immunity remain largely unknown. We show that the lectin-receptor-like kinase LORE contributes to xylem basal resistance in Arabidopsis upon infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, a destructive plant pathogen that colonizes the xylem to cause bacterial wilt. Following R. solanacearum infection, LORE is activated by phosphorylation at residue S761, initiating a phosphorelay that activates reactive oxygen species production and cell wall lignification. To prevent prolonged activation of immune signaling, LORE recruits and phosphorylates type 2C protein phosphatase LOPP, which dephosphorylates LORE and attenuates LORE-mediated xylem immunity to maintain immune homeostasis. A LOPP knockout confers resistance against bacterial wilt disease in Arabidopsis and tomatoes without impacting plant growth. Thus, our study reveals a regulatory mechanism in xylem immunity involving the reversible phosphorylation of receptor-like kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenying Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Jia
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaxing Su
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingfei Ai
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Yu Y, He J, Liu L, Zhao H, Zhang M, Hong J, Meng X, Fan H. Characterization of caffeoyl shikimate esterase gene family identifies CsCSE5 as a positive regulator of Podosphaera xanthii and Corynespora cassiicola pathogen resistance in cucumber. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1937-1950. [PMID: 37823975 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CsCSE genes might be involved in the tolerance of cucumber to pathogens. Silencing of the CsCSE5 gene resulted in attenuated resistance of cucumber to Podosphaera xanthii and Corynespora cassiicola. Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE), a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthetic pathway, has recently been characterized to play a key role in defense against pathogenic infection in plants. However, a systematic analysis of the CSE gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) has not yet been conducted. Here, we identified eight CsCSE genes from the cucumber genome via bioinformatic analyses, and these genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and 5. Results from multiple sequence alignment indicated that the CsCSE proteins had domains required for CSE activity. Phylogenetic analysis of gene structure and protein motifs revealed the conservation and diversity of the CsCSE gene family. Collinearity analysis showed that CsCSE genes had high homology with CSE genes in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). Cis-acting element analysis of the promoters suggested that CsCSE genes might play important roles in growth, development, and stress tolerance. Expression pattern analysis indicated that CsCSE5 might be involved in regulating the resistance of cucumber to pathogens. Functional verification data confirmed that CsCSE5 positively regulates the resistance of cucumber to powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii and target leaf spot pathogen Corynespora cassiicola. The results of our study provide information that will aid the genetic improvement of resistant cucumber varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiajing He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinghang Hong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Zhang Z, Long Y, Yin X, Wang W, Li W, Jiang L, Chen X, Wang B, Ma J. Genome-wide identification and expression patterns of the laccase gene family in response to kiwifruit bacterial canker infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:591. [PMID: 38008764 PMCID: PMC10680249 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiwifruit bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is a destructive disease worldwide. Resistance genes that respond to Psa infection urgently need to be identified for controlling this disease. Laccase is mainly involved in the synthesis of lignin in the plant cell wall and plays a prominent role in plant growth and resistance to pathogen infection. However, the role of laccase in kiwifruit has not been reported, and whether laccase is pivotal in the response to Psa infection remains unclear. RESULTS We conducted a bioinformatics analysis to identify 55 laccase genes (AcLAC1-AcLAC55) in the kiwifruit genome. These genes were classified into five cluster groups (I-V) based on phylogenetic analysis, with cluster groups I and II having the highest number of members. Analysis of the exon-intron structure revealed that the number of exons varied from 1 to 8, with an average of 5 introns. Our evolutionary analysis indicated that fragment duplication played a key role in the expansion of kiwifruit laccase genes. Furthermore, evolutionary pressure analysis suggested that AcLAC genes were under purifying selection. We also performed a cis-acting element analysis and found that AcLAC genes contained multiple hormone (337) and stress signal (36) elements in their promoter regions. Additionally, we investigated the expression pattern of laccase genes in kiwifruit stems and leaves infected with Psa. Our findings revealed that laccase gene expression levels in the stems were higher than those in the leaves 5 days after inoculation with Psa. Notably, AcLAC2, AcLAC4, AcLAC17, AcLAC18, AcLAC26, and AcLAC42 showed significantly higher expression levels (p < 0.001) compared to the non-inoculated control (0 d), suggesting their potential role in resisting Psa infection. Moreover, our prediction indicated that 21 kiwifruit laccase genes are regulated by miRNA397, they could potentially act as negative regulators of lignin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS These results are valuable for further analysis of the resistance function and molecular mechanism of laccases in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Youhua Long
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Teaching Experiment Farm, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xianhui Yin
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuetang Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bince Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiling Ma
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Su Y, Zeeshan Ul Haq M, Liu X, Li Y, Yu J, Yang D, Wu Y, Liu Y. A Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Casparian Strip Membrane Domain Protein-like Gene Family in Pogostemon cablin in Response to p-HBA-Induced Continuous Cropping Obstacles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3901. [PMID: 38005798 PMCID: PMC10675793 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Casparian strip membrane domain protein-like (CASPL) genes are key genes for the formation and regulation of the Casparian strip and play an important role in plant abiotic stress. However, little research has focused on the members, characteristics, and biological functions of the patchouli PatCASPL gene family. In this study, 156 PatCASPL genes were identified at the whole-genome level. Subcellular localization predicted that 75.6% of PatCASPL proteins reside on the cell membrane. A phylogenetic analysis categorized PatCASPL genes into five subclusters alongside Arabidopsis CASPL genes. In a cis-acting element analysis, a total of 16 different cis-elements were identified, among which the photo-responsive element was the most common in the CASPL gene family. A transcriptome analysis showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, an allelopathic autotoxic substance, affected the expression pattern of PatCASPLs, including a total of 27 upregulated genes and 30 down-regulated genes, suggesting that these PatCASPLs may play an important role in the regulation of patchouli continuous cropping obstacles by affecting the formation and integrity of Casparian strip bands. These results provided a theoretical basis for exploring and verifying the function of the patchouli PatCASPL gene family and its role in continuous cropping obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Su
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Ul Haq
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Ya Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
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Yang W, Yao D, Duan H, Zhang J, Cai Y, Lan C, Zhao B, Mei Y, Zheng Y, Yang E, Lu X, Zhang X, Tang J, Yu K, Zhang X. VAMP726 from maize and Arabidopsis confers pollen resistance to heat and UV radiation by influencing lignin content of sporopollenin. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100682. [PMID: 37691288 PMCID: PMC10721520 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin in the pollen cell wall protects male gametophytes from stresses. Phenylpropanoid derivatives, including guaiacyl (G) lignin units, are known to be structural components of sporopollenin, but the exact composition of sporopollenin remains to be fully resolved. We analyzed the phenylpropanoid derivatives in sporopollenin from maize and Arabidopsis by thioacidolysis coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The NMR and GC-MS results confirmed the presence of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), G, and syringyl (S) lignin units in sporopollenin from maize and Arabidopsis. Strikingly, H units account for the majority of lignin monomers in sporopollenin from these species. We next performed a genome-wide association study to explore the genetic basis of maize sporopollenin composition and identified a vesicle-associated membrane protein (ZmVAMP726) that is strongly associated with lignin monomer composition of maize sporopollenin. Genetic manipulation of VAMP726 affected not only lignin monomer composition in sporopollenin but also pollen resistance to heat and UV radiation in maize and Arabidopsis, indicating that VAMP726 is functionally conserved in monocot and dicot plants. Our work provides new insight into the lignin monomers that serve as structural components of sporopollenin and characterizes VAMP726, which affects sporopollenin composition and stress resistance in pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yaling Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Erbing Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Torabi S, Seifi S, Geddes-McAlister J, Tenuta A, Wally O, Torkamaneh D, Eskandari M. Soybean-SCN Battle: Novel Insight into Soybean's Defense Strategies against Heterodera glycines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16232. [PMID: 38003422 PMCID: PMC10671692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines, Ichinohe) poses a significant threat to global soybean production, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of soybean plants' response to SCN to ensure effective management practices. In this study, we conducted dual RNA-seq analysis on SCN-resistant Plant Introduction (PI) 437654, 548402, and 88788 as well as a susceptible line (Lee 74) under exposure to SCN HG type 1.2.5.7. We aimed to elucidate resistant mechanisms in soybean and identify SCN virulence genes contributing to resistance breakdown. Transcriptomic and pathway analyses identified the phenylpropanoid, MAPK signaling, plant hormone signal transduction, and secondary metabolite pathways as key players in resistance mechanisms. Notably, PI 437654 exhibited complete resistance and displayed distinctive gene expression related to cell wall strengthening, oxidative enzymes, ROS scavengers, and Ca2+ sensors governing salicylic acid biosynthesis. Additionally, host studies with varying immunity levels and a susceptible line shed light on SCN pathogenesis and its modulation of virulence genes to evade host immunity. These novel findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean-SCN interactions and offer potential targets for nematode disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Torabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Soren Seifi
- Aurora Cannabis Inc., Comox, BC V9M 4A1, Canada;
| | | | - Albert Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada;
| | - Owen Wally
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N0R 1G0, Canada;
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Milad Eskandari
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Sharma NK, Yadav S, Gupta SK, Irulappan V, Francis A, Senthil-Kumar M, Chattopadhyay D. MicroRNA397 regulates tolerance to drought and fungal infection by regulating lignin deposition in chickpea root. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3501-3517. [PMID: 37427826 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants deposit lignin in the secondary cell wall as a common response to drought and pathogen attacks. Cell wall localised multicopper oxidase family enzymes LACCASES (LACs) catalyse the formation of monolignol radicals and facilitate lignin formation. We show an upregulation of the expression of several LAC genes and a downregulation of microRNA397 (CamiR397) in response to natural drought in chickpea roots. CamiR397 was found to target LAC4 and LAC17L out of twenty annotated LACs in chickpea. CamiR397 and its target genes are expressed in the root. Overexpression of CamiR397 reduced expression of LAC4 and LAC17L and lignin deposition in chickpea root xylem causing reduction in xylem wall thickness. Downregulation of CamiR397 activity by expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM397) construct increased root lignin deposition in chickpea. CamiR397-overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, towards natural drought. Infection with a fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, responsible for dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea, induced local lignin deposition and LAC gene expression. CamiR397-overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed more sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, to DRR. Our results demonstrated the regulatory role of CamiR397 in root lignification during drought and DRR in an agriculturally important crop chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vadivelmurugan Irulappan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aleena Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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Wang Z, Wang W, Wu W, Wang H, Zhang S, Ye C, Guo L, Wei Z, Huang H, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, He X. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, metabolome, and histochemistry reveals the response mechanisms of different ages Panax notoginseng to root-knot nematode infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258316. [PMID: 37780502 PMCID: PMC10539906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) is an invaluable perennial medicinal herb. However, the roots of P. notoginseng are frequently subjected to severe damage caused by root-knot nematode (RKN) infestation. Although we have observed that P. notoginseng possessed adult-plant resistance (APR) against RKN disease, the defense response mechanisms against RKN disease in different age groups of P. notoginseng remain unexplored. We aimed to elucidate the response mechanisms of P. notoginseng at different stages of development to RKN infection by employing transcriptome, metabolome, and histochemistry analyses. Our findings indicated that distinct age groups of P. notoginseng may activate the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in varying ways, leading to the synthesis of phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and anthocyanin pigments as both the response and defense mechanism against RKN attacks. Specifically, one-year-old P. notoginseng exhibited resistance to RKN through the upregulation of 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid and key genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, such as PAL, CCR, CYP73A, CYP98A, POD, and CAD. Moreover, two-year-old P. notoginseng enhanced the resistance by depleting chlorogenic acid and downregulating most genes associated with monolignol biosynthesis, while concurrently increasing cyanidin and ANR in flavonoid biosynthesis. Three-year-old P. notoginseng reinforced its resistance by significantly increasing five phenolic acids related to monolignol biosynthesis, namely p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, 1-O-sinapoyl-D-glucose, coniferyl alcohol, and ferulic acid. Notably, P. notoginseng can establish a lignin barrier that restricted RKN to the infection site. In summary, P. notoginseng exhibited a potential ability to impede the further propagation of RKN through the accumulation or depletion of the compounds relevant to resistance within the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, as well as the induction of lignification in tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China
| | - Wentao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Delannoy E, Batardiere B, Pateyron S, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Chiquet J, Colcombet J, Lang J. Cell specialization and coordination in Arabidopsis leaves upon pathogenic attack revealed by scRNA-seq. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100676. [PMID: 37644724 PMCID: PMC10504604 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses involve several biological processes that allow plants to fight against pathogenic attacks. How these different processes are orchestrated within organs and depend on specific cell types is poorly known. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology on three independent biological replicates, we identified several cell populations representing the core transcriptional responses of wild-type Arabidopsis leaves inoculated with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. Among these populations, we retrieved major cell types of the leaves (mesophyll, guard, epidermal, companion, and vascular S cells) with which we could associate characteristic transcriptional reprogramming and regulators, thereby specifying different cell-type responses to the pathogen. Further analyses of transcriptional dynamics, on the basis of inference of cell trajectories, indicated that the different cell types, in addition to their characteristic defense responses, can also share similar modules of gene reprogramming, uncovering a ubiquitous antagonism between immune and susceptible processes. Moreover, it appears that the defense responses of vascular S cells, epidermal cells, and mesophyll cells can evolve along two separate paths, one converging toward an identical cell fate, characterized mostly by lignification and detoxification functions. As this divergence does not correspond to the differentiation between immune and susceptible cells, we speculate that this might reflect the discrimination between cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous responses. Altogether our data provide an upgraded framework to describe, explore, and explain the specialization and the coordination of plant cell responses upon pathogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Bastien Batardiere
- UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Chiquet
- UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Lang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Pring S, Kato H, Imano S, Camagna M, Tanaka A, Kimoto H, Chen P, Shrotri A, Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A, Saito M, Suzuki T, Terauchi R, Sato I, Chiba S, Takemoto D. Induction of plant disease resistance by mixed oligosaccharide elicitors prepared from plant cell wall and crustacean shells. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14052. [PMID: 37882264 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Basal plant immune responses are activated by the recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), or breakdown molecules released from the plants after damage by pathogen penetration, so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). While chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS), a primary component of fungal cell walls, is most known as MAMP, plant cell wall-derived oligosaccharides, cello-oligosaccharides (COS) from cellulose, and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) from hemicellulose are representative DAMPs. In this study, elicitor activities of COS prepared from cotton linters, XOS prepared from corn cobs, and chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS) from crustacean shells were comparatively investigated. In Arabidopsis, COS, XOS, or CHOS treatment triggered typical defense responses such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phosphorylation of MAP kinases, callose deposition, and activation of the defense-related transcription factor WRKY33 promoter. When COS, XOS, and CHOS were used at concentrations with similar activity in inducing ROS production and callose depositions, CHOS was particularly potent in activating the MAPK kinases and WRKY33 promoters. Among the COS and XOS with different degrees of polymerization, cellotriose and xylotetraose showed the highest activity for the activation of WRKY33 promoter. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of RNAseq data revealed that simultaneous treatment of COS, XOS, and CHOS (oligo-mix) effectively activates plant disease resistance. In practice, treatment with the oligo-mix enhanced the resistance of tomato to powdery mildew, but plant growth was not inhibited but rather tended to be promoted, providing evidence that treatment with the oligo-mix has beneficial effects on improving disease resistance in plants, making them a promising class of compounds for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreynich Pring
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Imano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maurizio Camagna
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aiko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kimoto
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Awara, Japan
| | - Pengru Chen
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Abhijit Shrotri
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Resonac Corporation (Showa Denko K.K.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Cao Y, Ma J, Han S, Hou M, Wei X, Zhang X, Zhang ZJ, Sun S, Ku L, Tang J, Dong Z, Zhu Z, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhang L, Li X, Long Y, Wan X, Duan C. Single-cell RNA sequencing profiles reveal cell type-specific transcriptional regulation networks conditioning fungal invasion in maize roots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1839-1859. [PMID: 37349934 PMCID: PMC10440994 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Fv) is one of the most destructive diseases in maize production. The defence response of root system to Fv invasion is important for plant growth and development. Dissection of root cell type-specific response to Fv infection and its underlying transcription regulatory networks will aid in understanding the defence mechanism of maize roots to Fv invasion. Here, we reported the transcriptomes of 29 217 single cells derived from root tips of two maize inbred lines inoculated with Fv and mock condition, and identified seven major cell types with 21 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters. Through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified 12 Fv-responsive regulatory modules from 4049 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were activated or repressed by Fv infection in these seven cell types. Using a machining-learning approach, we constructed six cell type-specific immune regulatory networks by integrating Fv-induced DEGs from the cell type-specific transcriptomes, 16 known maize disease-resistant genes, five experimentally validated genes (ZmWOX5b, ZmPIN1a, ZmPAL6, ZmCCoAOMT2, and ZmCOMT), and 42 QTL or QTN predicted genes that are associated with Fv resistance. Taken together, this study provides not only a global view of maize cell fate determination during root development but also insights into the immune regulatory networks in major cell types of maize root tips at single-cell resolution, thus laying the foundation for dissecting molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Cao
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
| | - Juan Ma
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Shengbo Han
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Mengwei Hou
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Xingrui Zhang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhanyuan J. Zhang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Plant Transformation Core FacilityUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Present address:
Inari Agriculture, Inc.West LafayetteIndiana47906USA
| | - Suli Sun
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lixia Ku
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jihua Tang
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Canxing Duan
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Su S, Tang P, Zuo R, Chen H, Zhao T, Yang S, Yang J. Exogenous Jasmonic Acid Alleviates Blast Resistance Reduction Caused by LOX3 Knockout in Rice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1197. [PMID: 37627262 PMCID: PMC10452216 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) is a lipid peroxidase found in rice embryos that is known to affect seed quality. Interestingly, deletion of the LOX3 gene has been shown to improve rice seed quality but decrease resistance to rice blast disease and drought. To investigate these opposing effects, we generated a LOX3 knockout construct (ΔLox3) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Blast resistance and transcription levels of rice genes in ΔLox3 rice plants and the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) on resistance and transcriptional levels of rice genes in Magnaporthe oryzae-infected ΔLox3 rice plants were further elucidated. The results showed that the ΔLox3 plants exhibited normal phenotypes, with high levels of methyl-linolenate and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the genes involved in three Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways contributed to rice seed quality. M. oryzae-infected ΔLox3 plants exhibited serious blast symptoms with a reduced defense response but increased ROS-mediated cell death, and the genes involved in seven KEGG pathways contributed to rice seed quality. Exogenous JA treatment alleviated blast symptoms in infected ΔLox3 plants by hindering hyphal expansion, inhibiting ROS-mediated cell death, and increasing the defense response, and genes involved in 12 KEGG pathways contributed to rice seed quality. These findings demonstrate that LOX3 plays an important role in rice growth and defense, and its knockout improves rice quality at the expense of disease resistance. Exogenous JA provides a means to compensate for the reduction in defense responses of LOX3 knockout rice lines, suggesting potential applications in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rubin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (S.S.); (P.T.); (R.Z.); (H.C.); (T.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Chang E, Guo W, Dong Y, Jia Z, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu J. Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolites regulating adventitious root formation in ancient Platycladus orientalis cuttings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192371. [PMID: 37496863 PMCID: PMC10367097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Platycladus orientalis, a common horticultural tree species, has an extremely long life span and forms a graceful canopy. Its branches, leaves, and cones have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, difficulty in rooting is the main limiting factor for the conservation of germplasm resources. This study shows that the rooting rates and root numbers of cuttings were significantly reduced in ancient P. orientalis donors compared to 5-year-old P. orientalis donors. The contents of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in phenylpropanoid (caffeic acid and coniferyl alcohol) and flavonoid biosynthesis (cinnamoyl-CoA and isoliquiritigenin) pathways increased significantly in cuttings propagated from ancient P. orientalis donors compared to 5-year-old P. orientalis donors during adventitious root (AR) formation. These DAMs may prevent the ancient P. orientalis cuttings from rooting, and gradual lignification of callus was one of the main reasons for the failed rooting of ancient P. orientalis cuttings. The rooting rates of ancient P. orientalis cuttings were improved by wounding the callus to identify wounding-induced rooting-promoting metabolites. After wounding, the contents of DAMs in zeatin (5'-methylthioadenosine, cis-zeatin-O-glucoside, and adenine) and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (l-glutamine, l-histidine, l-isoleucine, l-leucine, and l-arginine) pathways increased, which might promote cell division and provided energy for the rooting process. The findings of our study suggest that breaking down the lignification of callus via wounding can eventually improve the rooting rates of ancient P. orientalis cuttings, which provides a new solution for cuttings of other difficult-to-root horticultural and woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Environment and Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zirui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Environment and Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Quiroz-Figueroa FR, Cruz-Mendívil A, Ibarra-Laclette E, García-Pérez LM, Gómez-Peraza RL, Hanako-Rosas G, Ruíz-May E, Santamaría-Miranda A, Singh RK, Campos-Rivero G, García-Ramírez E, Narváez-Zapata JA. Cell wall-related genes and lignin accumulation contribute to the root resistance in different maize ( Zea mays L.) genotypes to Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1195794. [PMID: 37441182 PMCID: PMC10335812 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1195794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The fungal pathogen Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (Fv) causes considerable agricultural and economic losses and is harmful to animal and human health. Fv can infect maize throughout its long agricultural cycle, and root infection drastically affects maize growth and yield. Methods The root cell wall is the first physical and defensive barrier against soilborne pathogens such as Fv. This study compares two contrasting genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) roots that are resistant (RES) or susceptible (SUS) to Fv infection by using transcriptomics, fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy analyses, and ddPCR. Results Seeds were infected with a highly virulent local Fv isolate. Although Fv infected both the RES and SUS genotypes, infection occurred faster in SUS, notably showing a difference of three to four days. In addition, root infections in RES were less severe in comparison to SUS infections. Comparative transcriptomics (rate +Fv/control) were performed seven days after inoculation (DAI). The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each rate revealed 733 and 559 unique transcripts that were significantly (P ≤0.05) up and downregulated in RES (+Fv/C) and SUS (+Fv/C), respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified coumarin and furanocoumarin biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways as being highly enriched with specific genes involved in cell wall modifications in the RES genotype, whereas the SUS genotype mainly displayed a repressed plant-pathogen interaction pathway and did not show any enriched cell wall genes. In particular, cell wall-related gene expression showed a higher level in RES than in SUS under Fv infection. Analysis of DEG abundance made it possible to identify transcripts involved in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, biosynthetic and catabolic processes, pectin biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and cell wall biosynthesis and organization. Root histological analysis in RES showed an increase in lignified cells in the sclerenchymatous hypodermis zone during Fv infection. Discussion These differences in the cell wall and lignification could be related to an enhanced degradation of the root hairs and the epidermis cell wall in SUS, as was visualized by SEM. These findings reveal that components of the root cell wall are important against Fv infection and possibly other soilborne phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)—Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Mexico
| | - Abraham Cruz-Mendívil
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, (CIIDIR) Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Luz María García-Pérez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)—Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Mexico
| | - Rosa Luz Gómez-Peraza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)—Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Mexico
| | - Greta Hanako-Rosas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruíz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Apolinar Santamaría-Miranda
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)—Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Mexico
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Campos-Rivero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)—Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Mexico
| | - Elpidio García-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Pérez-Rafael S, Ferreres G, Kessler RW, Kessler W, Blair J, Rathee G, Morena AG, Tzanov T. Continuous sonochemical nanotransformation of lignin - Process design and control. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106499. [PMID: 37393854 PMCID: PMC10316651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant renewable aromatic polymer on the planet, lignin is gaining growing interest in replacing petroleum-based chemicals and products. However, only <5 % of industrial lignin waste is revalorized in its macromolecular form as additives, stabilizing agents or dispersant and surfactants. Herein, revalorization of this biomass was achieved by implementing an environmentally-friendly continuous sonochemical nanotransformation to obtain highly concentrated lignin nanoparticles (LigNPs) dispersions for added-value material applications. With the aim to further model and control a large-scale ultrasound-assisted lignin nanotransformation, a two-level factorial design of experiment (DoE) was implemented varying the ultrasound (US) amplitude, flow rate, and lignin concentration. Size and polydispersity measurements together with the UV-Vis spectra of lignin recorded at different time intervals of sonication allowed to monitor and understand the sonochemical process on a molecular level. The light scattering profile of sonicated lignin dispersions showed a significant particle size reduction in the first 20 min, followed by moderate particle size decrease below 700 nm until the end of the 2 h process. The response surface analysis (RSA) of the particle size data revealed that the lignin concentration and sonication time were the most important factors to achieve smaller NPs. From a mechanistic point of view, a strong impact of the particle-particle collisions due to sonication seems to be responsible for the decrease in particle size and homogenization of the particle distribution. Unexpectedly, a strong interaction between the flow rate and US amplitude on the particle size and nanotransformation efficiency was observed, yielding smaller LigNPs at high amplitude and low flow rate or vice versa. The data derived from the DoE were used to model and predict the size and polydispersity of the sonicated lignin. Furthermore, the use of the NPs spectral process trajectories calculated from the UV-Vis spectra showed similar RSA model as the dynamic light scattering (DLS) data and will potentially allow the in-line monitoring of the nanotransformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pérez-Rafael
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - Guillem Ferreres
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | | | | | - Jeniffer Blair
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - Garima Rathee
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - Angela Gala Morena
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain.
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Kostyn K, Boba A, Kozak B, Sztafrowski D, Widuła J, Szopa J, Preisner M. Transcriptome profiling of flax plants exposed to a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field. Front Genet 2023; 14:1205469. [PMID: 37351344 PMCID: PMC10282948 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1205469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
All living organisms on Earth evolved in the presence of an electromagnetic field (EMF), adapted to the environment of EMF, and even learned to utilize it for their purposes. However, during the last century, the Earth's core lost its exclusivity, and many EMF sources appeared due to the development of electricity and electronics. Previous research suggested that the EMF led to changes in intercellular free radical homeostasis and further altered the expression of genes involved in plant response to environmental stresses, inorganic ion transport, and cell wall constituent biosynthesis. Later, CTCT sequence motifs in gene promoters were proposed to be responsible for the response to EMF. How these motifs or different mechanisms are involved in the plant reaction to external EMF remains unknown. Moreover, as many genes activated under EMF treatment do not have the CTCT repeats in their promoters, we aimed to determine the transcription profile of a plant exposed to an EMF and identify the genes that are directly involved in response to the treatment to find the common denominator of the observed changes in the plant transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kostyn
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kozak
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sztafrowski
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Widuła
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Preisner
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Shin SY, Lee CM, Kim HS, Kim C, Jeon JH, Lee HJ. Ethylene signals modulate the survival of Arabidopsis leaf explants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:281. [PMID: 37237253 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf explants are major materials in plant tissue cultures. Incubation of detached leaves on phytohormone-containing media, which is an important process for producing calli and regenerating plants, change their cell fate. Although hormone signaling pathways related to cell fate transition have been widely studied, other molecular and physiological events occurring in leaf explants during this process remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we identified that ethylene signals modulate expression of pathogen resistance genes and anthocyanin accumulation in leaf explants, affecting their survival during culture. Anthocyanins accumulated in leaf explants, but were not observed near the wound site. Ethylene signaling mutant analysis revealed that ethylene signals are active and block anthocyanin accumulation in the wound site. Moreover, expression of defense-related genes increased, particularly near the wound site, implying that ethylene induces defense responses possibly by blocking pathogenesis via wounding. We also found that anthocyanin accumulation in non-wounded regions is required for drought resistance in leaf explants. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the key roles of ethylene in the regulation of defense gene expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf explants. Our results suggest a survival strategy of detached leaves, which can be applied to improve the longevity of explants during tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Gbenebor OP, Olanrewaju OA, Usman MA, Adeosun SO. Lignin from Brewers' Spent Grain: Structural and Thermal Evaluations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102346. [PMID: 37242920 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a renewable ubiquitous material that comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Lignin has been isolated from different lignocellulosic biomass via chemical treatments, but there has been little or no investigation carried out on the processing of lignin from brewers' spent grain (BSG) to the best of authors' knowledge. This material makes up 85% of the brewery industry's byproducts. Its high moisture content hastens its deterioration, which has posed a huge challenge to its preservation and transportation; this eventually causes environmental pollution. One of the methods of solving this environmental menace is the extraction of lignin as a precursor for carbon fiber production from this waste. This study considers the viability of sourcing lignin from BSG with the use of acid solutions at 100 °C. Structural and thermal analyses were carried out on extracted samples, and the results were compared with other biomass-soured lignin to assess the proficiency of this isolation technique. Wet BSG sourced from Nigeria Breweries (NB), Lagos, was washed and sun-dried for 7 days. Tetraoxosulphate (VI) (H2SO4), hydrochloric (HCl), and acetic acid, each of 10 M, were individually reacted with dried BSG at 100 °C for 3 h and designated as H2, HC, and AC lignin. The residue (lignin) was washed and dried for analysis. Wavenumber shift values from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show that intra- and intermolecular OH interactions in H2 lignin are the strongest and possess the highest magnitude of hydrogen-bond enthalpy (5.73 kCal/mol). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that a higher lignin yield can be achieved when it is isolated from BSG, as 82.9, 79.3, and 70.2% were realized for H2, HC, and AC lignin. The highest size of ordered domains (0.0299 nm) displayed by H2 lignin from X-ray diffraction (XRD) informs that it has the greatest potential of forming nanofibers via electrospinning. The enthalpy of reaction values of 133.3, 126.6, and 114.1 J/g recorded for H2, HC, and AC lignin, respectively, from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results affirm that H2 lignin is the most thermally stable with the highest glass transition temperature (Tg = 107 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed Awwalu Usman
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos 101017, Nigeria
| | - Samson Oluropo Adeosun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos 101017, Nigeria
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Chowrasia S, Nishad J, Mahato R, Kiran K, Rajkumari N, Panda AK, Rawal HC, Barman M, Mondal TK. Allantoin improves salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice through synergid activation of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid biosynthesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s11103-023-01350-8. [PMID: 37184674 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity stress is one of the major bottlenecks for crop production. Although, allantoin is known to be involved in nitrogen metabolism in plants, yet several reports in recent time indicate its involvement in various abiotic stress responses including salinity stress. However, the detail mechanism of allantoin involvement in salinity stress tolerance in plants is not studied well. Moreover, we demonstrated the role of exogenous application of allantoin as well as increased concentration of endogenous allantoin in rendering salinity tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis respectively, via., induction of abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis pathways. Exogenous application of allantoin (10 µM) provides salt-tolerance to salt-sensitive rice genotype (IR-29). Transcriptomic data after exogenous supplementation of allantoin under salinity stress showed induction of ABA (OsNCED1) and BR (Oscytochrome P450) biosynthesis genes in IR-29. Further, the key gene of allantoin biosynthesis pathway i.e., urate oxidase of the halophytic species Oryza coarctata was also found to induce ABA and BR biosynthesis genes when over-expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. Thus, indicating that ABA and BR biosynthesis pathways were involved in allantoin mediated salinity tolerance in both rice and Arabidopsis. Additionally, it has been found that several physio-chemical parameters such as biomass, Na+/K+ ratio, MDA, soluble sugar, proline, allantoin and chlorophyll contents were also associated with the allantoin-mediated salinity tolerance in urate oxidase overexpressed lines of Arabidopsis. These findings depicted the functional conservation of allantoin for salinity tolerance in both plant clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Chowrasia
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jyoti Nishad
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rekha Mahato
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kanti Kiran
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nitasana Rajkumari
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Alok Kumar Panda
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hukam C Rawal
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mandira Barman
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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50
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Dai X, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhao Y, Xiong L, Wang R, Li S. OsNPR1 Enhances Rice Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by Upregulating Rice Defense Genes and Repressing Bacteria Virulence Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108687. [PMID: 37240026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacteria pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infects rice and causes the severe disease of rice bacteria blight. As the central regulator of the salic acid (SA) signaling pathway, NPR1 is responsible for sensing SA and inducing the expression of pathogen-related (PR) genes in plants. Overexpression of OsNPR1 significantly increases rice resistance to Xoo. Although some downstream rice genes were found to be regulated by OsNPR1, how OsNPR1 affects the interaction of rice-Xoo and alters Xoo gene expression remains unknown. In this study, we challenged the wild-type and OsNPR1-OE rice materials with Xoo and performed dual RNA-seq analyses for the rice and Xoo genomes simultaneously. In Xoo-infected OsNPR1-OE plants, rice genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and SA signaling pathways, as well as PR genes and nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes, were significantly upregulated compared to rice variety TP309. On the other hand, Xoo genes involved in energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolism, and transportation were repressed. Many virulence genes of Xoo, including genes encoding components of type III and other secretion systems, were downregulated by OsNPR1 overexpression. Our results suggest that OsNPR1 enhances rice resistance to Xoo by bidirectionally regulating gene expression in rice and Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yankai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Langyu Xiong
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shengben Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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