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Li YP, Liu CR, He L, Dang SS. Hepatitis B cure: Current situation and prospects. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:900-911. [PMID: 38948438 PMCID: PMC11212658 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i6.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Achievement of a 'clinical cure' in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) implies sustained virological suppression and immunological control over the infection, which is the ideal treatment goal according to domestic and international CHB management guidelines. Clinical practice has shown encouraging results for specific patient cohorts using tailored treatment regimens. These regimens incorporate either nucleos(t)ide analogs, immunomodulatory agents such as pegylated interferon α, or a strategic combination of both, sequentially or concurrently administered. Despite these advancements in the clinical handling of hepatitis B, achieving a clinical cure remains elusive for a considerable subset of patients due to the number of challenges that preclude the realization of optimal treatment outcomes. These include, but are not limited to, the emergence of antiviral resistance, incomplete immune recovery, and the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA. Moreover, the variance in response to interferon therapy and the lack of definitive biomarkers for treatment cessation also contribute to the complexity of achieving a clinical cure. This article briefly overviews the current research progress and existing issues in pursuing a clinical cure for hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuang-Suo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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2
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Wu X, Niu J, Shi Y. Exosomes target HBV-host interactions to remodel the hepatic immune microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:315. [PMID: 38840207 PMCID: PMC11151510 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B poses a significant global burden, modulating immune cells, leading to chronic inflammation and long-term damage. Due to its hepatotropism, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot infect other cells. The mechanisms underlying the intercellular communication among different liver cells in HBV-infected individuals and the immune microenvironment imbalance remain elusive. Exosomes, as important intercellular communication and cargo transportation tools between HBV-infected hepatocytes and immune cells, have been shown to assist in HBV cargo transportation and regulate the immune microenvironment. However, the role of exosomes in hepatitis B has only gradually received attention in recent years. Minimal literature has systematically elaborated on the role of exosomes in reshaping the immune microenvironment of the liver. This review unfolds sequentially based on the biological processes of exosomes: exosomes' biogenesis, release, transport, uptake by recipient cells, and their impact on recipient cells. We delineate how HBV influences the biogenesis of exosomes, utilizing exosomal covert transmission, and reshapes the hepatic immune microenvironment. And based on the characteristics and functions of exosomes, potential applications of exosomes in hepatitis B are summarized and predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Tang L, Remiszewski S, Snedeker A, Chiang LW, Shenk T. An allosteric inhibitor of sirtuin 2 blocks hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA establishment and its transcriptional activity. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105888. [PMID: 38641024 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
296 million people worldwide are predisposed to developing severe end-stage liver diseases due to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBV forms covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) molecules that persist as episomal DNA in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes and drive viral replication. Occasionally, the HBV genome becomes integrated into host chromosomal DNA, a process that is believed to significantly contribute to circulating HBsAg levels and HCC development. Neither cccDNA accumulation nor expression from integrated HBV DNA are directly targeted by current antiviral treatments. In this study, we investigated the antiviral properties of a newly described allosteric modulator, FLS-359, that targets sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an NAD+-dependent deacylase. Our results demonstrate that SIRT2 modulation by FLS-359 and by other tool compounds inhibits cccDNA synthesis following de novo infection of primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 (C3A)-NTCP cells, and FLS-359 substantially reduces cccDNA recycling in HepAD38 cells. While pre-existing cccDNA is not eradicated by short-term treatment with FLS-359, its transcriptional activity is substantially impaired, likely through inhibition of viral promoter activities. Consistent with the inhibition of viral transcription, HBsAg production by HepG2.2.15 cells, which contain integrated HBV genomes, is also suppressed by FLS-359. Our study provides further insights on SIRT2 regulation of HBV infection and supports the development of potent SIRT2 inhibitors as HBV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Tang
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Stacy Remiszewski
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | | | - Lillian W Chiang
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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4
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Sinha P, Thio CL, Balagopal A. Intracellular Host Restriction of Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:764. [PMID: 38793645 PMCID: PMC11125714 DOI: 10.3390/v16050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes and hijacks host cellular mechanisms for its replication. Host proteins can be frontline effectors of the cell's defense and restrict viral replication by impeding multiple steps during its intracellular lifecycle. This review summarizes many of the well-described restriction factors, their mechanisms of restriction, and counteractive measures of HBV, with a special focus on viral transcription. We discuss some of the limitations and knowledge gaps about the restriction factors, highlighting how these factors may be harnessed to facilitate therapeutic strategies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.T.)
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5
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Louvat C, Deymier S, Nguyen XN, Labaronne E, Noy K, Cariou M, Corbin A, Mateo M, Ricci EP, Fiorini F, Cimarelli A. Stable structures or PABP1 loading protects cellular and viral RNAs against ISG20-mediated decay. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302233. [PMID: 38418089 PMCID: PMC10902665 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
ISG20 is an IFN-induced 3'-5' RNA exonuclease that acts as a broad antiviral factor. At present, the features that expose RNA to ISG20 remain unclear, although recent studies have pointed to the modulatory role of epitranscriptomic modifications in the susceptibility of target RNAs to ISG20. These findings raise the question as to how cellular RNAs, on which these modifications are abundant, cope with ISG20. To obtain an unbiased perspective on this topic, we used RNA-seq and biochemical assays to identify elements that regulate the behavior of RNAs against ISG20. RNA-seq analyses not only indicate a general preservation of the cell transcriptome, but they also highlight a small, but detectable, decrease in the levels of histone mRNAs. Contrarily to all other cellular ones, histone mRNAs are non-polyadenylated and possess a short stem-loop at their 3' end, prompting us to examine the relationship between these features and ISG20 degradation. The results we have obtained indicate that poly(A)-binding protein loading on the RNA 3' tail provides a primal protection against ISG20, easily explaining the overall protection of cellular mRNAs observed by RNA-seq. Terminal stem-loop RNA structures have been associated with ISG20 protection before. Here, we re-examined this question and found that the balance between resistance and susceptibility to ISG20 depends on their thermodynamic stability. These results shed new light on the complex interplay that regulates the susceptibility of different classes of viruses against ISG20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Louvat
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086 CNRS University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Deymier
- https://ror.org/059sz6q14 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Xuan-Nhi Nguyen
- https://ror.org/059sz6q14 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Labaronne
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Lyon, France
| | - Kodie Noy
- https://ror.org/059sz6q14 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Cariou
- https://ror.org/059sz6q14 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Corbin
- https://ror.org/059sz6q14 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Mateo
- https://ror.org/059sz6q14 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Emiliano P Ricci
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Fiorini
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086 CNRS University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Cimarelli
- https://ror.org/059sz6q14 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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6
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Shi L, Guo G, Zhou J, Cheng Z, Zhu R, Kukolj G, Li C. Identification of a potent and specific retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 pathway activator as a Hepatitis B Virus antiviral through a novel cell-based reporter assay. J Virol Methods 2024; 325:114875. [PMID: 38176614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a global burden. To identify small molecule RIG-I agonists as antivirals against HBV, we developed an HBV-pgRNA-based interferon-β (IFN-β) luciferase reporter assay with high level of assay sensitivity, specificity and robustness. Through HTS screening, lead compound (JJ#1) was identified to activate RIG-I signaling pathway by inducing TBK1 phosphorylation. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that JJ#1-induced retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) signaling pathway activation was MAVS-dependent. Furthermore, JJ#1 exhibited HBV antiviral potency in HBV-infected cell models by reducing HBV DNA and antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shi
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guangyang Guo
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhanling Cheng
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - George Kukolj
- Janssen Research and Development, SFBC, 1600 Sierra Point Pkwy, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA
| | - Chris Li
- Janssen Research and Development, SFBC, 1600 Sierra Point Pkwy, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA.
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7
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Jiang B, Wang L, Liu H, Wang L, Su R, Xu L, Wei G, Li J, Lu F, Chen X. Association of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage in chronic HBV infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29569. [PMID: 38549467 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The natural progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is dynamic, but the longitudinal landscape of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage remains undetermined. To this issue, we studied the association of HBV serological markers with the severity of hepatic inflammatory damage and enumerated HBV-specific T cells using the cultured enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot). Five hundred and twenty-four treatment-naïve chronic HBV infection patients were enrolled. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, all HBV virologic indicators negatively correlated with liver inflammatory damage and fibrosis (p < 0.01). Stronger correlations were accessed in the subgroup of HBeAg-positive patients with HBV DNA > 2 × 106 IU/mL (p < 0.01), whereas negative correlations disappeared in patients with HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 106 IU/mL. Surprisingly, in HBeAg-negative patients, the HBV DNA level was positively correlated with the hepatic inflammatory damage (p < 0.01). The relationship between type Ⅱ interferon genes expression and HBV DNA levels also revealed a direct shift from the initial negative to positive in HBeAg-positive patients with HBV DNA declined below 2 × 106 IU/mL. The number of HBV-specific T cells were identified by interferon γ ELISpot assays and showed a significant increase from HBeAg-positive to HBeAg-negative group. The host's anti-HBV immunity remains effective in HBeAg-positive patients with HBV DNA levels exceeding 2 × 106 IU/mL, as it efficiently eliminates infected hepatocytes and inhibits HBV replication. However, albeit the increasing number of HBV-specific T cells, the host antiviral immune response shifts towards dysfunctional when the HBV DNA load drops below this threshold, which causes more pathological damage and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Leijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Su
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guochao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
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8
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Pondé RADA, Amorim GDSP. Elimination of the hepatitis B virus: A goal, a challenge. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38528684 DOI: 10.1002/med.22030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The hepatitis B elimination is a goal proposed by the WHO to be achieved by 2030 through the adoption of synergistic measures for the prevention and chronic HBV infection treatment. Complete cure is characterized by the HBV elimination from the body and is the goal of the chronic hepatitis B treatment, which once achieved, will enable the hepatitis B elimination. This, today, has been a scientific challenge. The difficulty in achieving a complete cure is due to the indefinite maintenance of a covalently closed episomal circular DNA (cccDNA) reservoir and the maintenance and persistence of an insufficient and dysfunctional immune response in chronically infected patients. Among the measures adopted to eliminate hepatitis B, two have the potential to directly interfere with the virus cycle, but with limited effect on HBV control. These are conventional vaccines-blocking transmission and antiviral therapy-inhibiting replication. Vaccines, despite their effectiveness in protecting against horizontal transmission and preventing mother-to-child vertical transmission, have no effect on chronic infection or potential to eliminate the virus. Treatment with antivirals suppresses viral replication, but has no curative effect, as it has no action against cccDNA. Therapeutic vaccines comprise an additional approach in the chronic infection treatment, however, they have only a modest effect on the immune system, enhancing it temporarily. This manuscript aims to address (1) the cccDNA persistence in the hepatocyte nucleus and the immune response dysfunction in chronically infected individuals as two primary factors that have hampered the treatment and HBV elimination from the human body; (2) the limitations of antiviral therapy and therapeutic vaccines, as strategies to control hepatitis B; and (3) the possibly promising therapeutic approaches for the complete cure and elimination of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robério Amorim de Almeida Pondé
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde-SES, Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde-SUVISA/GO, Gerência de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Doenças Transmissíveis-GVEDT/Coordenação de Análises e Pesquisas-CAP, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Human Virology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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9
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Aguiar Santiago JA, Marrero Miragaya MA, Figueroa Oliva DA, Aguilar Juanes A, Idavoy Corona A, Martínez Fernández S, Morán Bertot I, Rodríguez Hernández M, Canales López E, Hernández Esteves I, Silva Girado JA, Estrada Vázquez RC, Gell Cuesta O, Mendoza-Marí Y, Valdés Prado I, Rodríguez Ibarra C, Palenzuela Gardon DO, Pentón Arias E, Guillén Nieto G, Aguilar Rubido JC. Preparing for the Next Pandemic: Increased Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes After Local Administration of Nasalferon or HeberNasvac. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:95-102. [PMID: 38118108 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HeberNasvac, a therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B, is able to safely stimulate multiple Toll-like receptors, increasing antigen presentation in vitro and in a phase II clinical trial (Profira) in elderly volunteers who were household contacts of respiratory infection patients. Thus, a new indication as a postexposure prophylaxis or early therapy for respiratory infections has been proposed. In this study, we evaluated the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) after mucosal administration of HeberNasvac and compared this effect with the nasal delivery of interferon alpha 2b (Nasalferon). Molecular studies of blood samples of 50 subjects from the Profira clinical trial who were locally treated with HeberNasvac or Nasalferon and concurrent untreated individuals were compared based on their relative mRNA expression of OAS1, ISG15, ISG20, STAT1, STAT3, and DRB1-HLA II genes. In most cases, the gene expression induced by HeberNasvac was similar in profile and intensity to the expression induced by Nasalferon and significantly superior to that observed in untreated controls. The immune stimulatory effect of HeberNasvac on ISGs paved the way for its future use as an innate immunity stimulator in elderly persons and immunocompromised subjects or as part of Mambisa, a nasal vaccine to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivis Morán Bertot
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Eduardo Canales López
- Plant Genomic Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - José Angel Silva Girado
- Olinonucleotide Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Omar Gell Cuesta
- Olinonucleotide Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Marí
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés Prado
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Eduardo Pentón Arias
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén Nieto
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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10
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Zhao Q, Liu H, Tang L, Wang F, Tolufashe G, Chang J, Guo JT. Mechanism of interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis B and potential approaches to improve its therapeutic efficacy. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105782. [PMID: 38110058 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 296 million people worldwide and causes more than 820,000 deaths annually due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current standard-of-care medications for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) include nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) viral DNA polymerase inhibitors and pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α). NAs can efficiently suppress viral replication and improve liver pathology, but not eliminate or inactivate HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). CCC DNA is the most stable HBV replication intermediate that exists as a minichromosome in the nucleus of infected hepatocyte to transcribe viral RNA and support viral protein translation and genome replication. Consequentially, a finite duration of NA therapy rarely achieves a sustained off-treatment suppression of viral replication and life-long NA treatment is most likely required. On the contrary, PEG-IFN-α has the benefit of finite treatment duration and achieves HBsAg seroclearance, the indication of durable immune control of HBV replication and functional cure of CHB, in approximately 5% of treated patients. However, the low antiviral efficacy and poor tolerability limit its use. Understanding how IFN-α suppresses HBV replication and regulates antiviral immune responses will help rational optimization of IFN therapy and development of novel immune modulators to improve the rate of functional cure. This review article highlights mechanistic insight on IFN control of HBV infection and recent progress in development of novel IFN regimens, small molecule IFN mimetics and combination therapy of PEG-IFN-α with new direct-acting antivirals and therapeutic vaccines to facilitate the functional cure of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Hui Liu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Liudi Tang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Fuxuan Wang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | | | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States.
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11
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Furutani Y, Hirano Y, Toguchi M, Higuchi S, Qin XY, Yanaka K, Sato-Shiozaki Y, Takahashi N, Sakai M, Kongpracha P, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Kukimoto-Niino M, Shirouzu M, Nagamori S, Suzuki H, Kobayashi K, Masaki T, Koyama H, Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Koike K, Kohara M, Kojima S, Kakeya H, Matsuura T. A small molecule iCDM-34 identified by in silico screening suppresses HBV DNA through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:467. [PMID: 38135680 PMCID: PMC10746708 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-alpha have been reported to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) cccDNA via APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity through interferon signaling. To develop a novel anti-HBV drug for a functional cure, we performed in silico screening of the binding compounds fitting the steric structure of the IFN-alpha-binding pocket in IFNAR2. We identified 37 compounds and named them in silico cccDNA modulator (iCDM)-1-37. We found that iCDM-34, a new small molecule with a pyrazole moiety, showed anti-HCV and anti-HBV activities. We measured the anti-HBV activity of iCDM-34 dependent on or independent of entecavir (ETV). iCDM-34 suppressed HBV DNA, pgRNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg, and also clearly exhibited additive inhibitory effects on the suppression of HBV DNA with ETV. We confirmed metabolic stability of iCDM-34 was stable in human liver microsomal fraction. Furthermore, anti-HBV activity in human hepatocyte-chimeric mice revealed that iCDM-34 was not effective as a single reagent, but when combined with ETV, it suppressed HBV DNA compared to ETV alone. Phosphoproteome and Western blotting analysis showed that iCDM-34 did not activate IFN-signaling. The transcriptome analysis of interferon-stimulated genes revealed no increase in expression, whereas downstream factors of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) showed increased levels of the expression. CDK1/2 and phospho-SAMHD1 levels decreased under iCDM-34 treatment. In addition, AhR knockdown inhibited anti-HCV activity of iCDM-34 in HCV replicon cells. These results suggest that iCDM-34 decreases the phosphorylation of SAMHD1 through CDK1/2, and suppresses HCV replicon RNA, HBV DNA, and pgRNA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Furutani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Hirano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Mariko Toguchi
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shoko Higuchi
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xian-Yang Qin
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori Yanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato-Shiozaki
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Marina Sakai
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Pornparn Kongpracha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroo Koyama
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sekiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
- Sasaki Institute Shonan Medical Examination Center, 10-4 Takarachou, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 254-0034, Japan
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12
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Pham TX, Huynh TTX, Kim B, Lim YS, Hwang SB. A natural product YSK-A blocks SARS-CoV-2 propagation by targeting multiple host genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21489. [PMID: 38057373 PMCID: PMC10700534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and herbal medicine have been widely used in drug discovery for treating infectious diseases. Recent outbreak of COVID-19 requires various therapeutic strategies. Here, we used YSK-A, a mixture of three herbal components Boswellia serrata, Commiphora myrrha, and propolis, to evaluate potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. We showed that YSK-A inhibited SARS-CoV-2 propagation with an IC50 values of 12.5 µg/ml and 15.42 µg/ml in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells, respectively. Using transcriptome analysis, we further demonstrated that YSK-A modulated various host gene expressions in Calu-3 cells. Among these, we selected 9 antiviral- or immune-related host genes for further study. By siRNA-mediated knockdown experiment, we verified that MUC5AC, LIF, CEACAM1, and GDF15 host genes were involved in antiviral activity of YSK-A. Therefore, silencing of these genes nullified YSK-A-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 propagation. These data indicate that YSK-A displays an anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by targeting multiple antiviral genes. Although the exact antiviral mechanism of each constituent has not been verified yet, our data indicate that YSK-A has an immunomodulatory effect on SARS-CoV-2 and thus it may represent a novel natural product-derived therapeutic agent for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy X Pham
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea
| | - Trang T X Huynh
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sook Lim
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea.
| | - Soon B Hwang
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea.
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Zhuang AQ, Chen Y, Chen SM, Liu WC, Li Y, Zhang WJ, Wu YH. Current Status and Challenges in Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents Based on Inactivation/Inhibition or Elimination of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA. Viruses 2023; 15:2315. [PMID: 38140556 PMCID: PMC10747957 DOI: 10.3390/v15122315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been over half a century since the discovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to now, but approximately 300 million patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) still live in the world, resulting in about one million deaths every year. Although currently approved antivirals (e.g., nucleoside analogues) are effective at reducing HBV replication, they have almost no impact on the existing HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) reservoir. HBV cccDNA is a critical obstacle to the complete elimination of the virus via antiviral therapy. The true cure of HBV infection requires the eradication of viral cccDNA from HBV-infected cells; thus, the development of new agents directly or indirectly targeting HBV cccDNA is urgently needed due to the limitations of current available drugs against HBV infection. In this regard, it is the major focus of current anti-HBV research worldwide via different mechanisms to either inactivate/inhibit (functional cure) or eliminate (complete cure) HBV cccDNA. Therefore, this review discussed and summarized recent advances and challenges in efforts to inactivate/silence or eliminate viral cccDNA using anti-HBV agents from different sources, such as small molecules (including epigenetic drugs) and polypeptides/proteins, and siRNA or gene-editing approaches targeting/attenuating HBV cccDNA via different mechanisms, as well as future directions that may be considered in efforts to truly cure chronic HBV infection. In conclusion, no breakthrough has been made yet in attenuating HBV cccDNA, although a number of candidates have advanced into the phase of clinical trials. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of the candidates function to indirectly target HBV cccDNA. No outstanding candidate directly targets HBV cccDNA. Relatively speaking, CCC_R08 and nitazoxanide may be some of the most promising agents to clear HBV infection in small molecule compounds. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 systems can directly target HBV cccDNA for decay and demonstrate significant anti-HBV activity. Consequently, gene-editing approaches targeting HBV cccDNA may be one of the most promising means to achieve the core goal of anti-HBV therapeutic strategies. In short, more basic studies on HBV infection need to be carried out to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Hang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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14
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Peng K, Wang N, Liu Q, Wang L, Duan X, Xie G, Li J, Ding D. Identification of disulfidptosis-related subtypes and development of a prognosis model based on stacking framework in renal clear cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13793-13810. [PMID: 37530800 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignant tumor with an unsatisfactory prognosis. This study aims to identify the expression patterns of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs), develop a prognostic model, and predict immunological profiles. METHODS First, we identified differentially expressed DRGs in TCGA-KIRC cohort and analyzed their mutational profiles, methylation levels, and interaction networks. Subsequently, we identified disulfidptosis-associated molecular subtypes and investigated their prognostic and immunological characteristics. Simultaneously, a disulfidptosis-related prognostic signature (DRPS) was developed using a two-stage stacking framework consisting of 5 machine learning models. The effect of DRPS on immune cell infiltration levels was explored using seven different algorithms, and the status and function of T cells for distinct risk-score groups were evaluated based on T cell exhaustion and dysfunction scores. Additionally, the study also examined differences in clinical characteristics and therapy efficacy between high- and low-risk groups. RESULTS We found two disulfidptosis-associated clusters, one of which had a poor prognosis and was linked to high immune cell infiltration but impaired T cell function. DRPS showed excellent predictive performance in all four cohorts and could accurately identified disulfidptosis-related molecular subtypes. The DRPS-based risk score was positively associated with poor prognosis, malignant pathological features, high immune cell infiltration levels, and T cell exhaustion or dysfunction, and better respond to immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Additionally, we have identified a close association between ISG20 and disulfidptosis as well as tumor immunity. CONCLUSION Our study identified distinct disulfidptosis-related subtypes in ccRCC patients, and constructed the highly accurate and robust DRPS based on an ensemble learning framework, which has critical reference value in clinical decision-making and individualized treatment. And this work also revealed ISG20 exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Lingdian Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Guochong Xie
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jixi Li
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Degang Ding
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
- Institute of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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15
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Li YP, Liu CR, Hao M, Lu R, Dang SS. Clinical cure of hepatitis B: Delight and anticipation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:837-845. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i20.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients achieving clinical cure represent individuals who have attained persistent virological suppression and immunological control. This is the ideal treatment goal in both domestic and international CHB management guidelines. Clinical practice has demonstrated promising outcomes for certain patient populations treated with optimized regimens involving nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) or immunomodulators (such as pegylated interferon α) administered sequentially or in combination. However, despite the gratifying progress in the clinical management of hepatitis B, a significant number of patients still cannot achieve the goal of clinical cure. Many challenges remain to be overcome to achieve better treatment outcomes. This article provides a brief overview of the current research progress and existing issues in the pursuit of clinical cure of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Miao Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuang-Suo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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16
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Cham LB, Gunst JD, Schleimann MH, Frattari GS, Rosas-Umbert M, Vibholm LK, van der Sluis RM, Jakobsen MR, Olesen R, Lin L, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS. Single cell analysis reveals a subset of cytotoxic-like plasmacytoid dendritic cells in people with HIV-1. iScience 2023; 26:107628. [PMID: 37664600 PMCID: PMC10470411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in initiating and activating host immune responses during infection. To understand how the transcriptome of pDCs is impacted by HIV-1 infection and exogenous stimulation, we isolated pDCs from healthy controls, people with HIV-1 (PWH) before and during toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist treatment and performed single-cell (sc)-RNA sequencing. Our cluster analysis revealed four pDC clusters: pDC1, pDC2, cytotoxic-like pDC and an exhausted pDC cluster. The inducible cytotoxic-like pDC cluster is characterized by high expression of both antiviral and cytotoxic genes. Further analyses confirmed that cytotoxic-like pDCs are distinct from NK and T cells. Cell-cell communication analysis also demonstrated that cytotoxic-like pDCs exhibit similar incoming and outgoing cellular communicating signals as other pDCs. Thus, our study presents a detailed transcriptomic atlas of pDCs and provides new perspectives on the mechanisms of regulation and function of cytotoxic-like pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamin B. Cham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper D. Gunst
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mariane H. Schleimann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Giacomo S. Frattari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Miriam Rosas-Umbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line K. Vibholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole S. Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Hillaire MLB, Lawrence P, Lagrange B. IFN-γ: A Crucial Player in the Fight Against HBV Infection? Immune Netw 2023; 23:e30. [PMID: 37670813 PMCID: PMC10475827 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
About 0.8 million people die because of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection each year. In around 5% of infected adults, the immune system is ineffective in countering HBV infection, leading to chronic hepatitis B (CHB). CHB is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, which can lead to patient death. Unfortunately, although current treatments against CHB allow control of HBV infection, they are unable to achieve complete eradication of the virus. Cytokines of the IFN family represent part of the innate immune system and are key players in virus elimination. IFN secretion induces the expression of interferon stimulated genes, producing proteins that have antiviral properties and that are essential to cell-autonomous immunity. IFN-α is commonly used as a therapeutic approach for CHB. In addition, IFN-γ has been identified as the main IFN family member responsible for HBV eradication during acute infection. In this review, we summarize the key evidence gained from cellular or animal models of HBV replication or infection concerning the potential anti-HBV roles of IFN-γ with a particular focus on some IFN-γ-inducible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Lawrence
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Brice Lagrange
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon, Lyon, France
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18
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Kostyushev D, Brezgin S, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Bayurova E, Zakirova N, Kondrashova A, Goptar I, Nikiforova A, Sudina A, Babin Y, Gordeychuk I, Lukashev A, Zamyatnin AA, Ivanov A, Chulanov V. Transient and tunable CRISPRa regulation of APOBEC/AID genes for targeting hepatitis B virus. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:478-493. [PMID: 37187708 PMCID: PMC10176074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
APOBEC/AID cytidine deaminases play an important role in innate immunity and antiviral defenses and were shown to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by deaminating and destroying the major form of HBV genome, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), without toxicity to the infected cells. However, developing anti-HBV therapeutics based on APOBEC/AID is complicated by the lack of tools for activating and controlling their expression. Here, we developed a CRISPR-activation-based approach (CRISPRa) to induce APOBEC/AID transient overexpression (>4-800,000-fold increase in mRNA levels). Using this new strategy, we were able to control APOBEC/AID expression and monitor their effects on HBV replication, mutation, and cellular toxicity. CRISPRa prominently reduced HBV replication (∼90%-99% decline of viral intermediates), deaminated and destroyed cccDNA, but induced mutagenesis in cancer-related genes. By coupling CRISPRa with attenuated sgRNA technology, we demonstrate that APOBEC/AID activation can be precisely controlled, eliminating off-site mutagenesis in virus-containing cells while preserving prominent antiviral activity. This study untangles the differences in the effects of physiologically expressed APOBEC/AID on HBV replication and cellular genome, provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of HBV cccDNA mutagenesis, repair, and degradation, and, finally, presents a strategy for a tunable control of APOBEC/AID expression and for suppressing HBV replication without toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Corresponding author Dmitry Kostyushev, Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Drug Development, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Zakirova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Kondrashova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Goptar
- Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna Sudina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurii Babin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 127994 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 127994 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Chen Z, Yin M, Jia H, Chen Q, Zhang H. ISG20 stimulates anti-tumor immunity via a double-stranded RNA-induced interferon response in ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176103. [PMID: 37342328 PMCID: PMC10277467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmentation of endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has become a promising strategy for activating anti-tumor immunity through induction of type I interferon (IFN) in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of dsRNA in ovarian carcinoma remain elusive. From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we downloaded RNA expression profiles and clinical data of patients with ovarian carcinoma. Using the consensus clustering method, patients can be classified by their expression level of core interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs): IFN signatures high and IFN signatures low. The IFN signatures high group had a good prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily associated with anti-foreign immune responses. Based on results from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and survival analysis, ISG20 was identified as a key gene involved in host anti-tumor immune response. Further, elevated ISG20 expression in ovarian cancer cells led to increased IFN-β production. The elevated interferon improved the immunogenicity of tumor cells and generated chemokines that attract immune cells to infiltrate the area. Upon overexpression of ISG20, endogenous dsRNA accumulated in the cell and stimulated IFN-β production through the Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-mediated dsRNA sense pathway. The accumulation of dsRNA was associated with the ribonuclease activity of ISG20. This study suggests that targeting ISG20 is a potential immune therapeutic approach to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haixue Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Göttig L, Weiß C, Stubbe M, Hanrieder L, Hofmann S, Grodziecki A, Stadler D, Carpentier A, Protzer U, Schreiner S. Apobec3A Deamination Functions Are Involved in Antagonizing Efficient Human Adenovirus Replication and Gene Expression. mBio 2023:e0347822. [PMID: 37154747 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03478-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apobec3A is involved in the antiviral host defense, targeting nuclear DNA, introducing point mutations, and thereby activating DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we found a significant upregulation of Apobec3A during HAdV infection, including Apobec3A protein stabilization mediated by the viral proteins E1B-55K and E4orf6, which subsequently limited HAdV replication and most likely involved a deaminase-dependent mechanism. The transient silencing of Apobec3A enhanced adenoviral replication. HAdV triggered Apobec3A dimer formation and enhanced activity to repress the virus. Apobec3A decreased E2A SUMOylation and interfered with viral replication centers. A comparative sequence analysis revealed that HAdV types A, C, and F may have evolved a strategy to escape Apobec3A-mediated deamination via reduced frequencies of TC dinucleotides within the viral genome. Although viral components induce major changes within infected cells to support lytic life cycles, our findings demonstrate that host Apobec3A-mediated restriction limits virus replication, albeit that HAdV may have evolved to escape this restriction. This allows for novel insights into the HAdV/host-cell interplay, which broaden the current view of how a host cell can limit HAdV infection. IMPORTANCE Our data provide a novel conceptual insight into the virus/host-cell interplay, changing the current view of how a host-cell can defeat a virus infection. Thus, our study reveals a novel and general impact of cellular Apobec3A on the intervention of human adenovirus (HAdV) gene expression and replication by improving the host antiviral defense mechanisms, thereby providing a novel basis for innovative antiviral strategies in future therapeutic settings. Ongoing investigations of the cellular pathways that are modulated by HAdV are of great interest, particularly since adenovirus-based vectors actually serve as COVID vaccine vectors and also frequently serve as tools in human gene therapy and oncolytic treatment options. HAdV constitute an ideal model system by which to analyze the transforming capabilities of DNA tumor viruses as well as the underlying molecular principles of virus-induced and cellular tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Weiß
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miona Stubbe
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Hanrieder
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandro Grodziecki
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Stadler
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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21
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Michki NS, Ndeh R, Helmin KA, Singer BD, McGrath-Morrow SA. DNA methyltransferase inhibition induces dynamic gene expression changes in lung CD4 + T cells of neonatal mice with E. coli pneumonia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4283. [PMID: 36922640 PMCID: PMC10017701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pulmonary infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, with less severity in older children. Previous studies demonstrated that the DNA of CD4+ T cells in the mouse lung, whose primary responsibility is to coordinate the immune response to foreign pathogens, is differentially methylated in neonates compared with juveniles. Nevertheless, the effect of this differential DNA methylation on CD4+ T cell gene expression and response to infection remains unclear. Here we treated E. coli-infected neonatal (4-day-old) and juvenile (13-day-old) mice with decitabine (DAC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with broad-spectrum DNA demethylating activity, and performed simultaneous genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptional profiling on lung CD4+ T cells. We show that juvenile and neonatal mice experienced differential demethylation in response to DAC treatment, with larger methylation differences observed in neonates. By cross-filtering differentially expressed genes between juveniles and neonates with those sites that were demethylated in neonates, we find that interferon-responsive genes such as Ifit1 are the most down-regulated methylation-sensitive genes in neonatal mice. DAC treatment shifted neonatal lung CD4+ T cells toward a gene expression program similar to that of juveniles. Following lung infection with E. coli, lung CD4+ T cells in neonatal mice exhibit epigenetic repression of important host defense pathways, which are activated by inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity to resemble a more mature profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel S Michki
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Roland Ndeh
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kathryn A Helmin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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22
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Kaplina ON, Gamaley SG, Ivanova OS, Danilenko ED. Double-stranded RNAs are promising adjuvants for enhancing immunogenicity of vaccines. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background. The most effective way to prevent infectious diseases is vaccination. Adjuvants contribute to the optimization of the immune response of vaccines. Double-stranded ribonucleic acids (dsRNAs) from natural sources are promising, but insufficiently studied adjuvants.
The aim of the work was to study the adjuvant activity of dsRNA obtained from the killer strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using two models of induction of a specific immune response.
Materials and methods. In the experiments, the substance of the drug Ridostin containing dsRNA, 21.72% (produced by Institute of Medical Biotechnology of the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector), was used. A specific immune response was modeled using ovalbumin (OVA) or the substance of the EpiVacCorona vaccine (EVC). The experiments were carried out in 200 female BALB/c mice. Mice of the experimental groups were injected twice with antigen and adjuvant together with a 28-day interval, mice of the comparison group with antigen only. On the 10th day after the second immunization, blood samples were collected to determine the level of specific antibodies using enzyme immunoassay. The results were evaluated by calculation of the average geometric titers of specific antibodies against OVA or EVC.
Results. OVA or EVC administered twice induced the specific antibodies in mice in dose-dependent titers. The combined administration of antigen and dsRNA increased the strength of the immune response. The highest stimulating effect of dsRNA was observed in the dose of 100 g/mouse administered into mice immunized with OVA (1 g/mouse) or in the dose of 50 g/mouse in mice immunized with EVC substance (0.25 of a human dose per mouse).
Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the substance of dsRNA exerts adjuvant properties, which gives reason to consider dsRNA as a promising adjuvant for peptide vaccines.
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23
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Wang P, Mo Z, Zhang Y, Guo C, Chikede TK, Chen D, Lei Z, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Tong Q. Serum IL-5 levels predict HBsAg seroclearance in patients treated with Nucleos(t)ide analogues combined with pegylated interferon. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104329. [PMID: 36685563 PMCID: PMC9849374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knowing about cytokine profile contributes to clarify the underling immune mechanism of HBsAg seroclearance rate increase. This study aims to investigate cytokine changes during nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and peginterferon-α (Peg-IFNα) therapy and their impact on the HBsAg serologic response. Methods A total of 78 HBV DNA-negative chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients were studied after a lead-in phase of NAs with complete serum cytokines. Serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17 and TNF-α) were quantified by flow cytometry (FCM) every 24 weeks, before, during and at the end of NAs and Peg-IFNα treatment. Clinical and laboratory data were also taken at the same time. Analysis was performed between cured and uncured groups characterized by HBsAg seroclearance. PBMCs samples from five patients (two in cured group and three in uncured group) were analyzed by FCM. Results HBsAg seroclearance was achieved in 30 (38,5%) patients defined as the cured group. In comparison to uncured individuals, cured patients showed similar expressions of serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17 and TNF-α during the treatment of NAs and Peg-IFNα. Compared with the uncured groups, IL-5 was remarkably increased in cured patients. IL-5 at weeks 24 and 48 were associated with HBsAg seroconversion (p=0.033 and 0.027, respectively). PBMCs sample analysis confirmed the predicted value of IL-5 in response to NAs and Peg-IFNα treatment. Conclusions IL-5 at weeks 24 and 48 might be used as a biomarker for HBsAg seroclearance in NAs-experienced CHB patients treated with NAs combined with Peg-IFNα. More importantly, exploiting the expression of this cytokine may help to develop a better understanding of the immune pathogenesis of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhishuo Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxia Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Trevor Kudzai Chikede
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dabiao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Zhiliang Gao, ; Qian Zhang, ; Qiaoxia Tong,
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhiliang Gao, ; Qian Zhang, ; Qiaoxia Tong,
| | - Qiaoxia Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhiliang Gao, ; Qian Zhang, ; Qiaoxia Tong,
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24
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Xu C, Fan J, Liu D, Tuerdi A, Chen J, Wei Y, Pan Y, Dang H, Wei X, Yousif AS, Yogaratnam J, Zhou Q, Lichenstein H, Xu T. Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) agonist DF-006 demonstrates potent efficacy in mouse and primary human hepatocyte (PHH) models of hepatitis B. Hepatology 2023; 77:275-289. [PMID: 35699669 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, stimulation of innate immunity may lead to hepatitis B virus (HBV) cure. Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that activates the NF-κB pathway and stimulates innate immunity. Here we characterized the preclinical anti-HBV efficacy of DF-006, an orally active agonist of ALPK1 currently in clinical development for CHB. APPROACH AND RESULTS In adeno-associated virus (AAV)-HBV mouse models and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) infected with HBV, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of DF-006. In the mouse models, DF-006 rapidly reduced serum HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis B e antigen levels using doses as low as 0.08 μg/kg, 1 μg/kg, and 5 μg/kg, respectively. DF-006 in combination with the HBV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, entecavir, further reduced HBV DNA. Antiviral efficacy in mice was associated with an increase in immune cell infiltration and decrease of hepatitis B core antigen, encapsidated pregenomic RNA, and covalently closed circular DNA in liver. At subnanomolar concentrations, DF-006 also showed anti-HBV efficacy in PHH with significant reductions of HBV DNA. Following dosing with DF-006, there was upregulation of NF-κB-targeted genes that are involved in innate immunity. CONCLUSION DF-006 was efficacious in mouse and PHH models of HBV without any indications of overt toxicity. In mice, DF-006 localized primarily to the liver where it potently activated innate immunity. The transcriptional response in mouse liver provides insights into mechanisms that mediate anti-HBV efficacy by DF-006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jieqing Fan
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Aimaier Tuerdi
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuning Wei
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanfang Pan
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Huaixin Dang
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiong Wei
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | | | | | - Qiong Zhou
- Biology Department , Wuxi Apptec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | | | - Tian Xu
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
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25
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Many Ways to Communicate-Crosstalk between the HBV-Infected Cell and Its Environment. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010029. [PMID: 36678377 PMCID: PMC9866324 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects an estimated 257 million people worldwide and can lead to liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral replication is generally considered not to be cytopathic, and although some HBV proteins may have direct carcinogenic effects, the majority of HBV infection-related disease is related to chronic inflammation resulting from disrupted antiviral responses and aberrant innate immune reactions. Like all cells, healthy and HBV-infected cells communicate with each other, as well as with other cell types, such as innate and adaptive immune cells. They do so by both interacting directly and by secreting factors into their environment. Such factors may be small molecules, such as metabolites, single viral proteins or host proteins, but can also be more complex, such as virions, protein complexes, and extracellular vesicles. The latter are small, membrane-enclosed vesicles that are exchanged between cells, and have recently gained a lot of attention for their potential to mediate complex communication and their potential for therapeutic repurposing. Here, we review how HBV infection affects the communication between HBV-infected cells and cells in their environment. We discuss the impact of these interactions on viral persistence in chronic infection, as well as their relation to HBV infection-related pathology.
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26
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Yang Z, Sun B, Xiang J, Wu H, Kan S, Hao M, Chang L, Liu H, Wang D, Liu W. Role of epigenetic modification in interferon treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018053. [PMID: 36325353 PMCID: PMC9618964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small, enveloped DNA virus that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Interferons (IFNs) have been used for the treatment of CHB for a long time, with advantages including less treatment duration and sustained virological response. Presently, various evidence suggests that epigenetic modification of the viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the host genome is crucial for the regulation of viral activity. This modification includes histone acetylation, DNA methylation, N6-methyladenosine, and non-coding RNA modification. IFN treatment for CHB can stimulate multiple IFN-stimulated genes for inhibiting virus replication. IFNs can also affect the HBV life cycle through epigenetic modulation. In this review, we summarized the different mechanisms through which IFN-α inhibits HBV replication, including epigenetic regulation. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying IFN activity are discussed, which indicated its potential as a novel treatment for CHB. It is proposed that epigenetic changes such as histone acetylation, DNA methylation, m6A methylation could be the targets of IFN, which may offer a novel approach to HBV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingcheng Xiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Dongxu Wang, ; Weiwei Liu,
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Dongxu Wang, ; Weiwei Liu,
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27
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Warren CJ, Santiago ML, Pyeon D. APOBEC3: Friend or Foe in Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oncogenesis? Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:375-395. [PMID: 35671565 PMCID: PMC9637027 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092920-030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative agent of multiple human cancers, including cervical and head and neck cancers. In these HPV-positive tumors, somatic mutations are caused by aberrant activation of DNA mutators such as members of the apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of cytidine deaminases. APOBEC3 proteins are most notable for their restriction of various viruses, including anti-HPV activity. However, the potential role of APOBEC3 proteins in HPV-induced cancer progression has recently garnered significant attention. Ongoing research stems from the observations that elevated APOBEC3 expression is driven by HPV oncogene expression and that APOBEC3 activity is likely a significant contributor to somatic mutagenesis in HPV-positive cancers. This review focuses on recent advances in the study of APOBEC3 proteins and their roles in HPV infection and HPV-driven oncogenesis. Further, we discuss critical gaps and unanswered questions in our understanding of APOBEC3 in virus-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Warren
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Mario L Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA;
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Cheng J, Fu J, Tan Q, Liu Z, Guo K, Zhang L, He J, Zhou B, Liu X, Li D, Fu J. The regulation of ISG20 expression on SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients and healthy individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958898. [PMID: 36177004 PMCID: PMC9513371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG20 inhibits viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 invasion; however, details of its expression and regulation with viral susceptibility remain to be elucidated. The present study analyzed ISG20 expression, isoform information, survival rate, methylation patterns, immune cell infiltration, and COVID-19 outcomes in healthy and cancerous individuals. Cordycepin (CD) and N6, N6-dimethyladenosine (m62A) were used to treat cancer cells for ISG20 expression. We revealed that ISG20 mRNA expression was primarily located in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Interestingly, its expression was significantly increased in 11 different types of cancer, indicating that cancer patients may be less vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, higher expression of ISG20 was associated with a long OS in CESC and SKCM, suggesting that ISG20 may be a good marker for both viral prevention and cancer progress. ISG20 promoter methylation was significantly lower in BLCA, READ, and THCA tumor tissues than in the matched normal tissues, while higher in BRCA, LUSC, KIRC, and PAAD. Hypermethylation of ISG20 in KIRC and PAAD tumor tissues was correlated with higher expression of ISG20, suggesting that methylation of ISG20 may not underlie its overexpression. Furthermore, ISG20 expression was significantly correlated with immune infiltration levels, including immune lymphocytes, chemokine, receptors, immunoinhibitors, immunostimulators, and MHC molecules in pan-cancer. STAD exhibited the highest degree of ISG20 mutations; the median progression-free survival time in months for the unaltered group was 61.84, while it was 81.01 in the mutant group. Isoforms ISG20-001 and ISG20−009 showed the same RNase_T domain structure, demonstrating the functional roles in tumorigenesis and SARS-CoV-2 invasion inhibition in cancer patients. Moreover, CD and m62A increase ISG20 expression in various cancer cell lines, implying the antiviral/anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic potential. Altogether, this study highlighted the value of combating cancer by targeting ISG20 during the COVID-19 pandemic, and small molecules extracted from traditional Chinese medicines, such as CD, may have potential as anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticancer agents by promoting ISG20 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lianmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Jiayue He
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baixu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junjiang Fu, ; Dabing Li, ; Xiaoyan Liu,
| | - Dabing Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Basic Medical School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junjiang Fu, ; Dabing Li, ; Xiaoyan Liu,
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junjiang Fu, ; Dabing Li, ; Xiaoyan Liu,
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29
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He Y, Zhou Y, Wang H, Peng X, Chang Y, Hu P, Ren H, Xu H. The efficacy of pegylated interferon alpha-2a and entecavir in HBeAg-positive children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis B. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:426. [PMID: 35854256 PMCID: PMC9297582 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Pegylated interferon alpha-2a (peg-IFN α-2a) and entecavir (ETV) are both recommended as the first-line antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) at present. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between peg-IFN α-2a and ETV initial therapy in children and adolescents with CHB and investigate the potential factors affecting the treatment response during the first 48 weeks. Methods We retrospectively selected 70 treatment-naïve children and adolescents with CHB who received peg-IFN α-2a(n = 26) or ETV(n = 44) as initial therapy and completed 48-week follow-up for data analysis. Blood samples before treatment were collected from 26 patients of the cohort to assess the cytokine profiles. Results We found that initial peg-IFN therapy results in higher rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) serological response (SR) but lower rates of virological and biochemical response rates compared to ETV at week 48. As for achieving hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) SR, peg-IFN was comparable to ETV in the univariate analysis and turned out to be better than ETV after adjustment for important baseline factors. We also found that elevated pre-treatment IL-18 level was significantly associated with HBeAg SR, and remained as the only independent factor of predicting HBeAg SR after adjustment for other important factors. No serious adverse effects of the 2 drugs were reported during the 48-week follow-up. Conclusions comparing to ETV, peg-IFN was superior in achieving HBsAg and HBeAg SR; higher baseline IL-18 levels were independently associated with HBeAg SR in this study of children and adolescents with CHB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03482-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, 136, Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhi Zhou
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, 136, Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, 136, Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Peng
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, 136, Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunan Chang
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, 136, Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, 136, Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050986. [PMID: 35632728 PMCID: PMC9146458 DOI: 10.3390/v14050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is DNA-based virus, member of the Hepadnaviridae family, which can cause liver disease and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in infected individuals, replicating within the hepatocytes and interacting with several cellular proteins. Chronic hepatitis B can progressively lead to liver cirrhosis, which is an independent risk factor for HCC. Complications as liver decompensation or HCC impact the survival of HBV patients and concurrent HDV infection worsens the disease. The available data provide evidence that HBV infection is associated with the risk of developing HCC with or without an underlying liver cirrhosis, due to various direct and indirect mechanisms promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular profile of HBV-HCC is extensively and continuously under study, and it is the result of altered molecular pathways, which modify the microenvironment and lead to DNA damage. HBV produces the protein HBx, which has a central role in the oncogenetic process. Furthermore, the molecular profile of HBV-HCC was recently discerned from that of HDV-HCC, despite the obligatory dependence of HDV on HBV. Proper management of the underlying HBV-related liver disease is fundamental, including HCC surveillance, viral suppression, and application of adequate predictive models. When HBV-HCC occurs, liver function and HCC characteristics guide the physician among treatment strategies but always considering the viral etiology in the treatment choice.
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Kitamura K, Fukano K, Que L, Li Y, Wakae K, Muramatsu M. Activities of endogenous APOBEC3s and uracil-DNA-glycosylase affect the hypermutation frequency of hepatitis B virus cccDNA. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35438620 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a key role in the persistence of viral infection. We have previously shown that overexpression of an antiviral factor APOBEC3G (A3G) induces hypermutation in duck HBV (DHBV) cccDNA, whereas uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UNG) reduces these mutations. In this study, using cell-culture systems, we examined whether endogenous A3s and UNG affect HBV cccDNA mutation frequency. IFNγ stimulation induced a significant increase in endogenous A3G expression and cccDNA hypermutation. UNG inhibition enhanced the IFNγ-mediated hypermutation frequency. Transfection of reconstructed cccDNA revealed that this enhanced hypermutation caused a reduction in viral replication. These results suggest that the balance of endogenous A3s and UNG activities affects HBV cccDNA mutation and replication competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Kitamura
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Lusheng Que
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yingfang Li
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kousho Wakae
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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32
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Deymier S, Louvat C, Fiorini F, Cimarelli A. ISG20: an enigmatic antiviral RNase targeting multiple viruses. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1096-1111. [PMID: 35174977 PMCID: PMC9157404 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon‐stimulated gene 20 kDa protein (ISG20) is a relatively understudied antiviral protein capable of inhibiting a broad spectrum of viruses. ISG20 exhibits strong RNase properties, and it belongs to the large family of DEDD exonucleases, present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ISG20 was initially characterized as having strong RNase activity in vitro, suggesting that its inhibitory effects are mediated via direct degradation of viral RNAs. This mechanism of action has since been further elucidated and additional antiviral activities of ISG20 highlighted, including direct degradation of deaminated viral DNA and translational inhibition of viral RNA and nonself RNAs. This review focuses on the current understanding of the main molecular mechanisms of viral inhibition by ISG20 and discusses the latest developments on the features that govern specificity or resistance to its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Deymier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon Inserm, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieur de Lyon, U1111, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Cimarelli
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon Inserm, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieur de Lyon, U1111, Lyon, France
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Interaction between the Hepatitis B Virus and Cellular FLIP Variants in Viral Replication and the Innate Immune System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020373. [PMID: 35215970 PMCID: PMC8874586 DOI: 10.3390/v14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral evolution and adaptation, many viruses have utilized host cellular factors and machinery as their partners. HBx, as a multifunctional viral protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), promotes HBV replication and greatly contributes to the development of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx interacts with several host factors in order to regulate HBV replication and evolve carcinogenesis. The cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major factor that functions in a variety of cellular pathways and specifically in apoptosis. It has been shown that the interaction between HBx and c-FLIP determines HBV fate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the interplay between c-FLIP and HBV in various environmental circumstances. We describe strategies adapted by HBV to establish its chronic infection. We also summarize the conventional roles of c-FLIP and highlight the functional outcome of the interaction between c-FLIP and HBV or other viruses in viral replication and the innate immune system.
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34
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Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Brezgin S, Chulanov V. CRISPR/Cas and Hepatitis B Therapy: Technological Advances and Practical Barriers. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 32:14-28. [PMID: 34797701 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After almost a decade of using CRISPR/Cas9 systems to edit target genes, CRISPR/Cas9 and related technologies are rapidly moving to clinical trials. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes severe liver disease, cannot be cleared by modern antivirals, but represents an ideal target for CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Early studies demonstrated very high antiviral potency of CRISPR/Cas9 and supported its use for developing a cure against chronic HBV infection. This review discusses the key issues that must be solved to make CRISPR/Cas9 an anti-HBV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kostyushev
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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35
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Oswald A, Chakraborty A, Ni Y, Wettengel JM, Urban S, Protzer U. Concentration of Na +-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide expressed after in vitro-transcribed mRNA transfection determines susceptibility of hepatoma cells for hepatitis B virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19799. [PMID: 34611272 PMCID: PMC8492621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of hepatocytes by hepatitis B virus (HBV) depends on surface expression of its receptor Na+-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), but sufficient NTCP expression is lacking in most cell lines. NTCP can be introduced by plasmid transfection or transduction by viral vectors to render cells permissive for HBV. However, transient transfection of hepatocyte-derived cell lines is inefficient, resulting in inhomogeneous protein expression and does not allow to adapt the level of NTCP expression. We therefore utilized in vitro transcribed mRNA to introduce NTCP into cells. Optimization using alternative cap structures and nucleotide modifications rendered mRNA transfection into different non-hepatic and hepatic cell lines very efficient. After transfection of mRNA, surface expression and functionality of NTCP was demonstrated by staining with an N-terminal HBV-preS peptide and bile acid uptake. Introduction of NTCP by mRNA transfection increased susceptibility of hepatoma cells to HBV in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of NTCP mRNA into non-liver cells, in contrast, supported bile acid uptake but did still not render the cells permissive for HBV, demonstrating the requirement for additional host factors. Introduction of candidate host factors by mRNA transfection will allow for fast and convenient analysis of the viral life cycle using a transient, but reliable expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oswald
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen M Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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36
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Akbar SMF, Al Mahtab M, Cesar Aguilar J, Uddin MH, Khan MSI, Yoshida O, Penton E, Gerardo GN, Hiasa Y. Exploring evidence-based innovative therapy for the treatment of chronic HBV infection: experimental and clinical. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of various vaccines and antimicrobial agents during the 20th century, the control and containment of infectious diseases appeared to be a matter of time. However, studies unveiled the diverse natures of microbes, their lifestyle, and pathogenetic potentials. Since the ground-breaking discovery of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) by Baruch Blumberg and the subsequent development of a vaccine in the early 1980s, the main task of the scientific community has been to develop a proper management strategy for HBV-induced chronic liver diseases. In the early 1980’s, standard interferon (IFN) induced a reduction of HBV DNA levels, followed by the normalization of serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT), in some chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, in the course of time, the limitations of standard IFN became evident, and the search for an alternative began. In the late 1980’s, nucleoside analogs entered the arena of CHB treatment as oral drugs with potent antiviral capacities. At the beginning of the 21st century, insights were developed into the scope and limitations of standard IFN, pegylated-IFN as well as nucleoside analogs for treating CHB. Considering the non-cytopathic nature of the HBV, the presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the nucleus of the infected hepatocytes and HBV-induced immune-mediated liver damages, a new field of CHB management was initiated by modulating the hosts’ immune system through immune therapy. This review will discuss the nature and design of innovative immune therapy for CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 7910295, Japan
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Julio Cesar Aguilar
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | | | - Md. Sakirul Islam Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 7910295, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 7910295, Japan
| | - Eduardo Penton
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | | | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 7910295, Japan
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Ye J, Chen J. Interferon and Hepatitis B: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733364. [PMID: 34557195 PMCID: PMC8452902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health burden worldwide for which there is still no effective curative treatment. Interferon (IFN) consists of a group of cytokines with antiviral activity and immunoregulatory and antitumor effects, that play crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. IFN-α and its pegylated form have been used for over thirty years to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with advantages of finite treatment duration and sustained virologic response, however, the efficacy is limited and side effects are common. Here, we summarize the status and unique advantages of IFN therapy against CHB, review the mechanisms of IFN-α action and factors affecting IFN response, and discuss the possible improvement of IFN-based therapy and the rationale of combinations with other antiviral agents in seeking an HBV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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38
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Brezgin S, Kostyusheva A, Bayurova E, Volchkova E, Gegechkori V, Gordeychuk I, Glebe D, Kostyushev D, Chulanov V. Immunity and Viral Infections: Modulating Antiviral Response via CRISPR-Cas Systems. Viruses 2021; 13:1373. [PMID: 34372578 PMCID: PMC8310348 DOI: 10.3390/v13071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections cause a variety of acute and chronic human diseases, sometimes resulting in small local outbreaks, or in some cases spreading across the globe and leading to global pandemics. Understanding and exploiting virus-host interactions is instrumental for identifying host factors involved in viral replication, developing effective antiviral agents, and mitigating the severity of virus-borne infectious diseases. The diversity of CRISPR systems and CRISPR-based tools enables the specific modulation of innate immune responses and has contributed impressively to the fields of virology and immunology in a very short time. In this review, we describe the most recent advances in the use of CRISPR systems for basic and translational studies of virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Brezgin
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
- Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Elena Volchkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (I.G.)
- Department of Organization and Technology of Immunobiological Drugs, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dieter Glebe
- National Reference Center for Hepatitis B Viruses and Hepatitis D Viruses, Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Stadler D, Kächele M, Jones AN, Hess J, Urban C, Schneider J, Xia Y, Oswald A, Nebioglu F, Bester R, Lasitschka F, Ringelhan M, Ko C, Chou W, Geerlof A, van de Klundert MA, Wettengel JM, Schirmacher P, Heikenwälder M, Schreiner S, Bartenschlager R, Pichlmair A, Sattler M, Unger K, Protzer U. Interferon-induced degradation of the persistent hepatitis B virus cccDNA form depends on ISG20. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e49568. [PMID: 33969602 PMCID: PMC8183418 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persists by depositing a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the nucleus of infected cells that cannot be targeted by available antivirals. Interferons can diminish HBV cccDNA via APOBEC3-mediated deamination. Here, we show that overexpression of APOBEC3A alone is not sufficient to reduce HBV cccDNA that requires additional treatment of cells with interferon indicating involvement of an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in cccDNA degradation. Transcriptome analyses identify ISG20 as the only type I and II interferon-induced, nuclear protein with annotated nuclease activity. ISG20 localizes to nucleoli of interferon-stimulated hepatocytes and is enriched on deoxyuridine-containing single-stranded DNA that mimics transcriptionally active, APOBEC3A-deaminated HBV DNA. ISG20 expression is detected in human livers in acute, self-limiting but not in chronic hepatitis B. ISG20 depletion mitigates the interferon-induced loss of cccDNA, and co-expression with APOBEC3A is sufficient to diminish cccDNA. In conclusion, non-cytolytic HBV cccDNA decline requires the concerted action of a deaminase and a nuclease. Our findings highlight that ISGs may cooperate in their antiviral activity that may be explored for therapeutic targeting.
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