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Liu S, Li G, Yin X, Zhou Y, Luo D, Yang Z, Zhang J, Wang J. Comprehensive investigation of malignant epithelial cell-related genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: development of a prognostic signature and exploration of tumor microenvironment interactions. J Transl Med 2024; 22:607. [PMID: 38951896 PMCID: PMC11218120 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent malignancy with complex heterogeneity within epithelial cells, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression and immune regulation. Yet, the clinical importance of the malignant epithelial cell-related genes (MECRGs) in ccRCC remains insufficiently understood. This research aims to undertake a comprehensive investigation into the functions and clinical relevance of malignant epithelial cell-related genes in ccRCC, providing valuable understanding of the molecular mechanisms and offering potential targets for treatment strategies. Using data from single-cell sequencing, we successfully identified 219 MECRGs and established a prognostic model MECRGS (MECRGs' signature) by synergistically analyzing 101 machine-learning models using 10 different algorithms. Remarkably, the MECRGS demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to traditional clinical features and 92 previously published signatures across six cohorts, showcasing its independence and accuracy. Upon stratifying patients into high- and low-MECRGS subgroups using the specified cut-off threshold, we noted that patients with elevated MECRGS scores displayed characteristics of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and showed worse outcomes after immunotherapy. Additionally, we discovered a distinct ccRCC tumor cell subtype characterized by the high expressions of PLOD2 (procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2) and SAA1 (Serum Amyloid A1), which we further validated in the Renji tissue microarray (TMA) cohort. Lastly, 'Cellchat' revealed potential crosstalk patterns between these cells and other cell types, indicating their potential role in recruiting CD163 + macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby establishing an immunosuppressive TME. PLOD2 + SAA1 + cancer cells with intricate crosstalk patterns indeed show promise for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyang Liu
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomao Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Yang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu J, Lu Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Xian S, Wang S, Zheng Z, Lin R, Jin M, Zhang M, Qian W, Tang J, Lu B, Yang Y, Liu Z, Qu M, Ma H, Wu X, Chang Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y. A gene signature linked to fibroblast differentiation for prognostic prediction of mesothelioma. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:33. [PMID: 38462627 PMCID: PMC10926647 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is a type of infrequent tumor that is substantially related to asbestos exposure and has a terrible prognosis. We tried to produce a fibroblast differentiation-related gene set for creating a novel classification and prognostic prediction model of MESO. METHOD Three databases, including NCBI-GEO, TCGA, and MET-500, separately provide single-cell RNA sequencing data, bulk RNA sequencing profiles of MESO, and RNA sequencing information on bone metastatic tumors. Dimensionality reduction and clustering analysis were leveraged to acquire fibroblast subtypes in the MESO microenvironment. The fibroblast differentiation-related genes (FDGs), which were associated with survival and subsequently utilized to generate the MESO categorization and prognostic prediction model, were selected in combination with pseudotime analysis and survival information from the TCGA database. Then, regulatory network was constructed for each MESO subtype, and candidate inhibitors were predicted. Clinical specimens were collected for further validation. RESULT A total of six fibroblast subtypes, three differentiation states, and 39 FDGs were identified. Based on the expression level of FDGs, three MESO subtypes were distinguished in the fibroblast differentiation-based classification (FDBC). In the multivariate prognostic prediction model, the risk score that was dependent on the expression level of several important FDGs, was verified to be an independently effective prognostic factor and worked well in internal cohorts. Finally, we predicted 24 potential drugs for the treatment of MESO. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining and statistical analysis provided further validation. CONCLUSION Fibroblast differentiation-related genes (FDGs), especially those in low-differentiation states, might participate in the proliferation and invasion of MESO. Hopefully, the raised clinical subtyping of MESO would provide references for clinical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 507 Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruoyi Lin
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bingnan Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zichang Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mingyu Qu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haonan Ma
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinru Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2699 Gaoke West Road, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Sun Y, Wang X, Yao L, He R, Man C, Fan Y. Construction and validation of a RARRES3-based prognostic signature related to the specific immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1246308. [PMID: 38375157 PMCID: PMC10876156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1246308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) is prognostically instructive in Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). However, the potential value of TiME-related genes in the individualized immunotherapy of PAAD has not been clarified. Methods Correlation between Immune-Related Genes (IRGs) and immune-related transcription factors (TFs) was performed to prove the immune correlation of selected genes. Immune-related molecular subtypes were identified by consensus clustering. The TiME-score, an immune microenvironment-related prognostic signature for PAAD, was constructed using minimum absolute contraction and selection operator regression (Lasso-Cox). The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset validated the reliability of TiME-score as external validation. Single-cell samples from GSE197177 confirmed microenvironment differences of TiME-score hub genes between tumor and its paracancer tissues. Then, RARRES3, a hub gene in TiME-score, was further analyzed about its upstream TP53 mutation and the specific immune landscape of itself in transcriptome and Single-cell level. Eventually, TiME-score were validated in different therapeutic cohorts of PAAD mice models. Results A 14-genes PAAD immune-related risk signature, TiME-score, was constructed based on IRGs. The differences of TiME-score hub genes in single-cell samples of PAAD cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were consistent with the transcriptome. Single-cell samples of cancer tissues showed more pronounced immune cell infiltration. The upstream mutation factor TP53 of RARRES3 was significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes. High RARRES3 expression was correlated with a worse prognosis and high macrophages M1 infiltration. Additionally, the immunohistochemistry of hub genes AGT, DEFB1, GH1, IL20RB, and TRAF3 in different treatment cohorts of mice PAAD models were consistent with the predicted results. The combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy has shown significantly better therapeutic effects than single drug therapy in PAAD. Conclusion TiME-score, as a prognostic signature related to PAAD-specific immune microenvironment constructed based on RARRES3, has predictive value for prognosis and the potential to guide individualized immunotherapy for PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Sun
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suqian First People’s Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong He
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Singla RK, Wang X, Gundamaraju R, Joon S, Tsagkaris C, Behzad S, Khan J, Gautam R, Goyal R, Rakmai J, Dubey AK, Simal-Gandara J, Shen B. Natural products derived from medicinal plants and microbes might act as a game-changer in breast cancer: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11880-11924. [PMID: 35838143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent neoplasm among women. Genetic and environmental factors lead to BC development and on this basis, several preventive - screening and therapeutic interventions have been developed. Hormones, both in the form of endogenous hormonal signaling or hormonal contraceptives, play an important role in BC pathogenesis and progression. On top of these, breast microbiota includes both species with an immunomodulatory activity enhancing the host's response against cancer cells and species producing proinflammatory cytokines associated with BC development. Identification of novel multitargeted therapeutic agents with poly-pharmacological potential is a dire need to combat advanced and metastatic BC. A growing body of research has emphasized the potential of natural compounds derived from medicinal plants and microbial species as complementary BC treatment regimens, including dietary supplements and probiotics. In particular, extracts from plants such as Artemisia monosperma Delile, Origanum dayi Post, Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny, Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B.B. Simpson and metabolites extracted from microbes such as Deinococcus radiodurans and Streptomycetes strains as well as probiotics like Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus brevis MK05 have exhibited antitumor effects in the form of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, increase in tumors' chemosensitivity, antioxidant activity and modulation of BC - associated molecular pathways. Further, bioactive compounds like 3,3'-diindolylmethane, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, rutin, resveratrol, lycopene, sulforaphane, silibinin, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin are of special interest for the researchers and clinicians because these natural agents have multimodal action and act via multiple ways in managing the BC and most of these agents are regularly available in our food and fruit diets. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that such products had major potential in enhancing the effectiveness of conventional antitumor agents and decreasing their side effects. We here provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic effects and mechanistic underpinnings of medicinal plants and microbial metabolites in BC management. The future perspectives on the translation of these findings to the personalized treatment of BC are provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shikha Joon
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Jaruporn Rakmai
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhao JY, Yuan XK, Luo RZ, Wang LX, Gu W, Yamane D, Feng H. Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4/retinoic acid receptor responder 3 at the intersection of tumor suppression and pathogen restriction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107239. [PMID: 37063830 PMCID: PMC10102619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) 4 is a class II tumor suppressor with phospholipid metabolizing abilities. It was characterized in late 2000s, and has since been referred to as ‘tazarotene-induced gene 3’ (TIG3) or ‘retinoic acid receptor responder 3’ (RARRES3) as a key downstream effector of retinoic acid signaling. Two decades of research have revealed the complexity of its function and regulatory roles in suppressing tumorigenesis. However, more recent findings have also identified PLAAT4 as a key anti-microbial effector enzyme acting downstream of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferons (IFNs), favoring protection from virus and parasite infections. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying its action may thus open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases. Herein, we aim to summarize a brief history of PLAAT4 discovery, its transcriptional regulation, and the potential mechanisms in tumor prevention and anti-pathogen defense, and discuss potential future directions of PLAAT4 research toward the development of therapeutic approaches targeting this enzyme with pleiotropic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Yuan
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Luo
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
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Sers C, Schäfer R. Silencing effects of mutant RAS signalling on transcriptomes. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100936. [PMID: 36513579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutated genes of the RAS family encoding small GTP-binding proteins drive numerous cancers, including pancreatic, colon and lung tumors. Besides the numerous effects of mutant RAS gene expression on aberrant proliferation, transformed phenotypes, metabolism, and therapy resistance, the most striking consequences of chronic RAS activation are changes of the genetic program. By performing systematic gene expression studies in cellular models that allow comparisons of pre-neoplastic with RAS-transformed cells, we and others have estimated that 7 percent or more of all transcripts are altered in conjunction with the expression of the oncogene. In this context, the number of up-regulated transcripts approximates that of down-regulated transcripts. While up-regulated transcription factors such as MYC, FOSL1, and HMGA2 have been identified and characterized as RAS-responsive drivers of the altered transcriptome, the suppressed factors have been less well studied as potential regulators of the genetic program and transformed phenotype in the breadth of their occurrence. We therefore have collected information on downregulated RAS-responsive factors and discuss their potential role as tumor suppressors that are likely to antagonize active cancer drivers. To better understand the active mechanisms that entail anti-RAS function and those that lead to loss of tumor suppressor activity, we focus on the tumor suppressor HREV107 (alias PLAAT3 [Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3], PLA2G16 [Phospholipase A2, group XVI] and HRASLS3 [HRAS-like suppressor 3]). Inactivating HREV107 mutations in tumors are extremely rare, hence epigenetic causes modulated by the RAS pathway are likely to lead to down-regulation and loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sers
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätstmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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KIF17 maintains the epithelial phenotype of breast cancer cells and curbs tumour metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215904. [PMID: 36089118 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin superfamily motor protein 17 (KIF17) was previously identified downregulated in breast cancer and correlated with patient prognosis. However, its pathophysiological role in tumours remains unknown. Here, we confirmed that KIF17 was significantly under-expressed in breast cancer tissues and low KIF17 expression correlated with poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that KIF17 overexpression in breast cancer cell lines significantly inhibited breast cancer invasion and metastasis. By establishing the lung metastatic MDA-MB-231 cell lines, we found a transient silence of KIF17 during the initiation of breast cancer metastasis. Further experiments revealed that KIF17 might suppress metastasis by regulating the level of acetylated tubulin to maintain cytoskeleton stability. Eventually, we found that the low expression of KIF17 in breast cancer is regulated by DNMT1-mediated 5-mC DNA methylation and epigenetic silencing. Decitabine can effectively improve the expression level of KIF17 in breast cancer cells. Our study demonstrates that KIF17 mediates microtubule acetylation to maintain the stability of microtubules, thereby inhibiting tumour invasion and metastasis.
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Li TH, Wang YY, Zhao BB, Qin C, Li ZR, Wang WB. Phospholipase A/acyltransferase 4 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in pancreatic cancer. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10416. [PMID: 36091946 PMCID: PMC9450081 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase A/acyltransferase (PLAAT) family exhibits O- and N-acyltransferase activity and biosynthesize N-acylated ethanolamine phospholipids. Previously, PLAAT4 was seen as a tumor suppressor, but the exact function of PLAAT4 in pancreatic cancer was still unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship of PLAAT4 and pancreatic cancer. Methods Using the data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets we compared the expression of PLAAT4 in normal and tumor tissues and analyzed the connections between PLAAT4 and several clinicopathological factors. Further, we conducted Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and estimate analysis to explore the association between PLAAT4 and biological function and immune infiltration. In addition, Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to explore the association between PLAAT4 and prognosis. In addition, we plotted a nomogram according to the multivariate cox analysis visualizing the predictive ability of PLAAT4 on prognosis. In addition, we explore the influence of PLAAT4 on malignant behaviors of the pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Results After comparing the expression of PLAAT4 in normal and tumor tissues, we found that the expression of PLAAT4 was significantly high in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) samples. In addition, the results of GO and GSEA found that the expression of PLAAT4 was related to cell cycle checkpoints, M phase, regulation by p53, cell cycle mitotic and etc. Further, ssGSEA has shown that PLAAT4 was positively related to the abundance of aDC, Th1 cells, Th2 cells and negatively related to the Th17 cells. Subsequently, KM analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to analyze the correlation between PLAAT4 and prognosis. Additionally, we found that higher expression of PLAAT4 was related to T stage, N stage, histologic grade, etc (P < 0.05) and has a significant correlation with poor Overall Survival (OS), Disease-Specific Survival (DSS) and Progression-Free Interval (PFI). At last, we proved that PLAAT4 contributed to the malignant behaviors of the pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion This study indicated PLAAT4 as a novel prognostic biomarker and an important molecular that mediated immune response in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bang-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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Histone H3K36me2 demethylase KDM2A promotes bladder cancer progression through epigenetically silencing RARRES3. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:547. [PMID: 35697678 PMCID: PMC9192503 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation contributes to bladder cancer tumorigenesis. H3K36me2 demethylase KDM2A functions as an important epigenetic regulator of cell fate in many types of tumors. However, its role in bladder cancer remains unknown. Here, we revealed a positive correlation between KDM2A gene copy number gain and upregulation of KDM2A mRNA expression in bladder cancer. Moreover, a super-enhancer (SE) driving KDM2A transcription was found in high-grade bladder cancer, resulting in a significantly higher expression of KDM2A mRNA compared to that in low-grade bladder tumors. KDM2A knockdown (KD) decreased the proliferation, invasion, and spheroid formation of high-grade bladder cancer cells and inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, we identified RARRES3 as a key KDM2A target gene. KDM2A suppresses RARRES3 expression via demethylation of H3K36me2 in the RARRES3 promoter. Intriguingly, RARRES3 KD attenuated the inhibitory effects of KDM2A depletion on the malignant phenotypes of high-grade bladder cancer cells. The combination of the KDM2A inhibitor IOX1 and the RARRES3 agonist all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) synergistically inhibited the proliferation of high-grade bladder cancer cells, suggesting that the KDM2A/RARRES3 axis may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of high-grade bladder cancer.
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Sánchez-Arcila JC, Jensen KDC. Forward Genetics in Apicomplexa Biology: The Host Side of the Story. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:878475. [PMID: 35646724 PMCID: PMC9133346 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.878475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forward genetic approaches have been widely used in parasitology and have proven their power to reveal the complexities of host-parasite interactions in an unbiased fashion. Many aspects of the parasite’s biology, including the identification of virulence factors, replication determinants, antibiotic resistance genes, and other factors required for parasitic life, have been discovered using such strategies. Forward genetic approaches have also been employed to understand host resistance mechanisms to parasitic infection. Here, we will introduce and review all forward genetic approaches that have been used to identify host factors involved with Apicomplexa infections, which include classical genetic screens and QTL mapping, GWAS, ENU mutagenesis, overexpression, RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 library screens. Collectively, these screens have improved our understanding of host resistance mechanisms, immune regulation, vaccine and drug designs for Apicomplexa parasites. We will also discuss how recent advances in molecular genetics give present opportunities to further explore host-parasite relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Sánchez-Arcila
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Kirk D. C. Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kirk D. C. Jensen,
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11
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Liu WL, Guan Q, Wen D, Ma B, Xu WB, Hu JQ, Wei WJ, Li DS, Wang Y, Xiang J, Liao T, Ji QH. PRDM16 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration via Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Directly Targeting Pyruvate Carboxylase in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723777. [PMID: 34796170 PMCID: PMC8593917 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM16 (known as MEL1), a member of the PR domain zinc finger family, has been implicated in multiple biological processes, including cancers. It is not clear yet whether PRDM16 is involved in tumor progress of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We identified the PRDM16 expression level in PTC tissues by qRT-PCR and analyzed its relationship with clinical characteristics in both Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and TCGA cohorts. We tested the function of PRDM16 in PTC cells both in vivo and in vitro. We found a direct downstream target of PRDM16, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), by RNA-sequencing, rescue experiments, luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. PRDM16 was downregulated in papillary thyroid cancer tissues and was significantly related with lymph node metastases and extrathyroidal extension in both FUSCC and TCGA cohorts. Overexpression of PRDM16 could attenuate proliferation and migration of PTC cells via inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. PC was upregulated in papillary thyroid cancer tissues. Knockdown of PC could inhibit proliferation and migration in TPC-1 and K1 cells. The repression effect on cell proliferation and migration from PRDM16 was PC dependent. PRDM16 could directly bind to the PC promoter and inhibit its expression at the transcription level. Moreover, the mRNA expression level of PRDM16 and PC was negatively related in human PTC tissues. In conclusion, PRDM16 exhibited an antitumor effect and EMT inhibition function in PTC by directly binding with the PC promoter. PRDM16 may be a novel therapeutic target in papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lin Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Wen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Bo Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qian Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan-Shu Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Zahra A, Dong Q, Hall M, Jeyaneethi J, Silva E, Karteris E, Sisu C. Identification of Potential Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091979. [PMID: 34062972 PMCID: PMC8125610 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can exert multiple deleterious effects and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. The xenoestrogen Bisphenol A (BPA) that is found in various consumer products has been involved in the dysregulation of numerous signalling pathways. In this paper, we present the analysis of a set of 94 genes that have been shown to be dysregulated in presence of BPA in ovarian cancer cell lines since we hypothesised that these genes might be of biomarker potential. This study sought to identify biomarkers of disease and biomarkers of disease-associated exposure. In silico analyses took place using gene expression data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Differential expression was further validated at protein level using immunohistochemistry on an ovarian cancer tissue microarray. We found that 14 out of 94 genes are solely dysregulated in the presence of BPA, while the remaining 80 genes are already dysregulated (p-value < 0.05) in their expression pattern as a consequence of the disease. We also found that seven genes have prognostic power for the overall survival in OC in relation to their expression levels. Out of these seven genes, Keratin 4 (KRT4) appears to be a biomarker of exposure-associated ovarian cancer, whereas Guanylate Binding Protein 5 (GBP5), long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 707 (LINC00707) and Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 11 (SLC4A11) are biomarkers of disease. BPA can exert a plethora of effects that can be tissue- or cancer-specific. Our in silico findings generate a hypothesis around biomarkers of disease and exposure that could potentially inform regulation and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeman Zahra
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (A.Z.); (Q.D.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Qiduo Dong
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (A.Z.); (Q.D.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Marcia Hall
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (A.Z.); (Q.D.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Jeyarooban Jeyaneethi
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (A.Z.); (Q.D.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (A.Z.); (Q.D.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (A.Z.); (Q.D.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristina Sisu
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (A.Z.); (Q.D.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (C.S.)
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13
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Chatterjee S, Zhou J, Dasgupta R, Cramer-Blok A, Timmer M, van der Stelt M, Ubbink M. Protein Dynamics Influence the Enzymatic Activity of Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases 3 and 4. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1178-1190. [PMID: 33749246 PMCID: PMC8154263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A/acyltransferase 3 (PLAAT3) and PLAAT4 are enzymes involved in the synthesis of bioactive lipids. Despite sequential and structural similarities, the two enzymes differ in activity and specificity. The relation between the activity and dynamics of the N-terminal domains of PLAAT3 and PLAAT4 was studied. PLAAT3 has a much higher melting temperature and exhibits less nanosecond and millisecond dynamics in the active site, in particular in loop L2(B6), as shown by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics calculations. Swapping the L2(B6) loops between the two PLAAT enzymes results in strongly increased phospholipase activity in PLAAT3 but no reduction in PLAAT4 activity, indicating that this loop contributes to the low activity of PLAAT3. The results show that, despite structural similarity, protein dynamics differ substantially between the PLAAT variants, which can help to explain the activity and specificity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya
Deep Chatterjee
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rubin Dasgupta
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes Cramer-Blok
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Timmer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Hu J, Zhao FY, Huang B, Ran J, Chen MY, Liu HL, Deng YS, Zhao X, Han XF. An Eight-CpG-based Methylation Classifier for Preoperative Discriminating Early and Advanced-Late Stage of Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 11:614160. [PMID: 33519917 PMCID: PMC7838682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.614160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To develop and validate a CpG-based classifier for preoperative discrimination of early and advanced-late stage colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We identified an epigenetic signature based on methylation status of multiple CpG sites (CpGs) from 372 subjects in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC cohort, and an external cohort (GSE48684) with 64 subjects by LASSO regression algorithm. A classifier derived from the methylation signature was used to establish a multivariable logistic regression model to predict the advanced-late stage of CRC. A nomogram was further developed by incorporating the classifier and some independent clinical risk factors, and its performance was evaluated by discrimination and calibration analysis. The prognostic value of the classifier was determined by survival analysis. Furthermore, the diagnostic performance of several CpGs in the methylation signature was evaluated. Results The eight-CpG-based methylation signature discriminated early stage from advanced-late stage CRC, with a satisfactory AUC of more than 0.700 in both the training and validation sets. This methylation classifier was identified as an independent predictor for CRC staging. The nomogram showed favorable predictive power for preoperative staging, and the C-index reached 0.817 (95% CI: 0.753–0.881) and 0.817 (95% CI: 0.721–0.913) in another training set and validation set respectively, with good calibration. The patients stratified in the high-risk group by the methylation classifier had significantly worse survival outcome than those in the low-risk group. Combination diagnosis utilizing only four of the eight specific CpGs performed well, even in CRC patients with low CEA level or at early stage. Conclusions Our classifier is a valuable predictive indicator that can supplement established methods for more accurate preoperative staging and also provides prognostic information for CRC patients. Besides, the combination of multiple CpGs has a high value in the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Fu-Ying Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ran
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei-Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - You-Song Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
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15
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Rahman Z, Bazaz MR, Devabattula G, Khan MA, Godugu C. Targeting H3K9 methyltransferase G9a and its related molecule GLP as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22674. [PMID: 33283949 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
H3K9 methyltransferase (G9a) and its relevant molecule GLP are the SET domain proteins that specifically add mono, di and trimethyl groups on to the histone H3K9, which lead to the transcriptional inactivation of chromatin and reduce the expression of cancer suppressor genes, which trigger growth and progress of several cancer types. Various studies have demonstrated that overexpression of H3K9 methyltransferase G9a and GLP in different kinds of tumors, like lung, breast, bladder, colon, cervical, gastric, skin cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma and hematological malignancies. Several G9a and GLP inhibitors such as BIX-01294, UNC0642, A-366 and DCG066 were developed to combat various cancers; however, there is a need for more effective and less toxic compounds. The current molecular docking study suggested that the selected new compounds such as ninhydrin, naphthoquinone, cysteamine and disulfide cysteamine could be suitable molecules as a G9a and GLP inhibitors. Furthermore, detailed cell based and preclinical animal studies are required to confirm their properties. In the current review, we discussed the role of G9a and GLP mediated epigenetic regulation in the cancers. A thorough literature review was done related to G9a and GLP. The databases used extensively for retrieval of information were PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Science-direct. Further, molecular docking was performed using Maestro Schrodinger version 9.2 software to investigate the binding profile of compounds with Human G9a HMT (PDB ID: 3FPD, 3RJW) and Human GLP MT (PDB ID: 6MBO, 6MBP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Rabi Bazaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Geetanjali Devabattula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Abrar Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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16
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Tian Z, Tang J, Liao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Wu G. An immune-related prognostic signature for predicting breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7672-7685. [PMID: 32841536 PMCID: PMC7571818 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in women. Increasing evidence has validated the vital role of the immune system in BC development and recurrence. In this study, we identified an immune‐related prognostic signature of BRCA that could help delineate risk scores of poor outcome for each patient. This prognostic signature comprised information on five danger genes—TSLP, BIRC5, S100B, MDK, and S100P—and three protect genes RARRES3, BLNK, and ACO1. Kaplan‐Meier survival curve showed that patients classified as low‐risk according to optimum cut‐off risk score had better prognosis than those identified within the high‐risk group. ROC analysis indicated that the identified prognostic signature had excellent diagnostic efficiency for predicting 3‐ and 5‐years relapse‐free survival (RFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis proved that the prognostic signature is independent of other clinical parameters. Stratification analysis demonstrated that the prognostic signature can be used to predict the RFS of BC patients within the same clinical subgroup. We also developed a nomogram to predict the RFS of patients. The calibration plots exhibited outstanding performance. The validation sets (GSE21653, GSE20711, and GSE88770) were used to external validation. More convincingly, the real time RT‐PCR results of clinical samples demonstrated that danger genes were significantly upregulated in BC samples, whereas protect genes were downregulated. In conclusion, we developed and validated an immune‐related prognostic signature, which exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency in predicting the recurrence of BC, and will help to make personalized treatment decisions for patients at different risk score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianing Tang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Dai QX, Liao YH, Deng XH, Xiao XL, Zhang L, Zhou L. A novel epigenetic signature to predict recurrence-free survival in patients with colon cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:54-60. [PMID: 32423860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in order to develop a signature to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) of colon cancer. METHODS DNA methylation and mRNA expression data were obtained from TCGA database, and were analyzed using an R package MethylMix. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on statistically significant genes identified by MethylMix criteria. The epigenetic signature and nomogram associated with the RFS of colon cancer were established by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox model. Additionally, a joint survival analysis of gene expression and methylation was performed to identify potential prognostic factors for patients with colon cancer. RESULTS A total of 179 differentially methylated genes were obtained using MethylMix algorithm. An epigenetic signature for RFS was developed using LASSO. Patients with high-risk had significantly worse RFS than those with low-risk. The signature is independent of clinicopathological variables and indicated better predictive power than other clinicopathological variables in patients with colon cancer. Moreover, joint survival analysis of gene expression and methylation revealed that seven methylated genes could be independent prognostic factors for RFS in colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed epigenetic signature presents potential prognostic significance in assessing recurrence risk stratification for patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Dai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 18 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yong-Hui Liao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 18 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 18 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Xiao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 18 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 18 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 18 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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18
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Gu Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, Chow MJ, Jiang Y, Zhao K, Tang D. The Oncogenic Potential of the Centromeric Border Protein FAM84B of the 8q24.21 Gene Desert. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030312. [PMID: 32183428 PMCID: PMC7140883 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM84B is a risk gene in breast and prostate cancers. Its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. FAM84B facilitates cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. The FAM84B and Myc genes border a 1.2 Mb gene desert at 8q24.21. Co-amplification of both occurs in 20 cancer types. Mice deficient of a 430 Kb fragment within the 1.2 Mb gene desert have downregulated FAM84B and Myc expressions concurrent with reduced breast cancer growth. Intriguingly, Myc works in partnership with other oncogenes, including Ras. FAM84B shares similarities with the H-Ras-like suppressor (HRASLS) family over their typical LRAT (lecithin:retinal acyltransferase) domain. This domain contains a catalytic triad, H23, H35, and C113, which constitutes the phospholipase A1/2 and O-acyltransferase activities of HRASLS1-5. These enzymatic activities underlie their suppression of Ras. FAM84B conserves H23 and H35 but not C113 with both histidine residues residing within a highly conserved motif that FAM84B shares with HRASLS1-5. Deletion of this motif abolishes FAM84B oncogenic activities. These properties suggest a collaboration of FAM84B with Myc, consistent with the role of the gene desert in strengthening Myc functions. Here, we will discuss recent research on FAM84B-derived oncogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mathilda Jing Chow
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kuncheng Zhao
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(905)-522-1155 (ext. 35168)
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19
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He C, Huang X, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Lin X, Li S. A Quantitative Clinicopathological Signature for Predicting Recurrence Risk of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Radical Resection. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1197. [PMID: 31781499 PMCID: PMC6861378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and distant metastases were main reasons of unfavorable outcomes for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after surgery. The aim of this study was to describe the patterns, timing, and predictors of recurrence or metastasis in PDAC patients after curative surgery. Patients with PDAC who underwent radical pancreatectomy were included. Associations between clinicopathological and radiological characteristics and specific pattern of progression were investigated. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression were applied to assess the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A total of 302 patients were included into present study, and 173 patients were documented as recurrence after a median survival of 24.7 months. More than half of patients recurred after 12 months after surgery, and the liver was the most common metastatic site. Decreased time interval to progression, elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level, and lymph node (LN)16 metastasis were independent predictors for reduced OS. Independent prognostic factors for PFS included elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, local progression, liver or lung-only metastasis, local + distant progression, multiple metastases, LN16 metastasis, imaging tumor size, chemotherapy, and tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage. The predictive system showed valuable prediction performance with values of concordance indexes (C-indexes) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) over 0.80. Different survival curves and predictive factors for specific patterns of disease progression suggested the biological heterogeneity, providing new versions into personal management of recurrence in PDAC patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Wang C, Shi M, Ji J, Cai Q, Jiang J, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Zhang J. A self-enforcing HOXA11/Stat3 feedback loop promotes stemness properties and peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7628-7647. [PMID: 31695791 PMCID: PMC6831465 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most common and life-threatening metastases in gastric cancer patients. The disseminated gastric cancer cells forming peritoneal metastasis exhibit a variety of characteristics that contrast with those of adjacent epithelial cell of gastric mucosa and even primary gastric cancer cells. We hypothesized that the gene expression profiles of peritoneal foci could reveal the identities of genes that might function as metastatic activator. Methods: In this study, we show, using in vitro, in vivo, in silico and gastric cancer tissues studies in humans and mice, that Homoebox A11 (HOXA11) potently promote peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Results: Its mechanism of action involves alternation of cancer stemness and subsequently enhancement of the adhesion, migration and invasion and anti-apoptosis. This is achieved, mainly, through formation of a positive feedback loop between HOXA11 and Stat3, which is involved in the stimulation of Stat3 signaling pathway. Conclusions: These observations uncover a novel peritoneal metastatic activator and demonstrate the association between HOXA11, Stat3 and cancer stemness of gastric cancer cells, thereby revealing a previously undescribed mechanism of peritoneal metastasis.
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21
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Suhail Y, Cain MP, Vanaja K, Kurywchak PA, Levchenko A, Kalluri R, Kshitiz. Systems Biology of Cancer Metastasis. Cell Syst 2019; 9:109-127. [PMID: 31465728 PMCID: PMC6716621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is no longer viewed as a linear cascade of events but rather as a series of concurrent, partially overlapping processes, as successfully metastasizing cells assume new phenotypes while jettisoning older behaviors. The lack of a systemic understanding of this complex phenomenon has limited progress in developing treatments for metastatic disease. Because metastasis has traditionally been investigated in distinct physiological compartments, the integration of these complex and interlinked aspects remains a challenge for both systems-level experimental and computational modeling of metastasis. Here, we present some of the current perspectives on the complexity of cancer metastasis, the multiscale nature of its progression, and a systems-level view of the processes underlying the invasive spread of cancer cells. We also highlight the gaps in our current understanding of cancer metastasis as well as insights emerging from interdisciplinary systems biology approaches to understand this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA; Cancer Systems Biology @ Yale (CaSB@Yale), Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margo P Cain
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiran Vanaja
- Cancer Systems Biology @ Yale (CaSB@Yale), Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul A Kurywchak
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Cancer Systems Biology @ Yale (CaSB@Yale), Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA; Cancer Systems Biology @ Yale (CaSB@Yale), Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Urosevic
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Wei X, Gu X, Ma M, Lou C. Long noncoding RNA HCP5 suppresses skin cutaneous melanoma development by regulating RARRES3 gene expression via sponging miR-12. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6323-6335. [PMID: 31496735 PMCID: PMC6698080 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HCP5 in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Materials and methods Survival analysis was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-SKCM data and SKCM patients’ clinical data. Primary SKCM cells were derived from patients’ pathologic tissue specimens. HCP5 overexpression was achieved by lentiviral transduction. Malignancy of SKCM cells was evaluated in vitro by cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis and transwell invasion assays. RARRES3 knockdown was achieved by siRNA transfection. DIANA microT-CDS algorithm was used to predict miRNAs that might interact with HCP5 and 3ʹ untranslated region of RARRES3 mRNA. microRNA target luciferase reporter assay and AGO2-RNA immunoprecipitation were used to verify the interaction between HCP5, 3ʹ UTR of RARRES3 mRNA and miR-1286. Results HCP5 level was decreased in SKCM tissue specimens compared to noncancerous counterparts. Low expression of HCP5 was associated with SKCM patients’ poor overall survival and disease progression. HCP5 overexpression significantly reduced the malignancy of primary SKCM cells in vitro. RARRES3 was found as a HCP5-co-expressing gene in SKCM cells. HCP5 overexpression significantly increased RARRES3 expression in SKCM cells. RARRES3 knockdown partially abolished the anti-SKCM effect of HCP5 overexpression. MiR-1286 was found interacting with both HCP5 and 3ʹ UTR of RARRES3 mRNA. Conclusion HCP5 is a cancer-suppressive lncRNA in SKCM. HCP5 overexpression decreased SKCM cell malignancy in vitro by upregulating RARRES3, possibly via sponging miR-1286.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chunxiang Lou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Third Hospital of Ji'nan, Jinan, Shandong 250132, People's Republic of China
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24
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Gkretsi V, Kalli M, Efstathiades C, Papageorgis P, Papanikolaou V, Zacharia LC, Tsezou A, Athanassiou E, Stylianopoulos T. Depletion of Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1) promotes cell invasion of breast cancer cells through a compensatory upregulation of a truncated isoform. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10050. [PMID: 31296919 PMCID: PMC6624310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-adhesion proteins and actin cytoskeleton are pivotal in cancer cell invasion. Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1), a cell-ECM adhesion protein that interacts with PINCH-1, thus being connected to Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK), alpha-parvin (PARVA), and actin cytoskeleton, is up-regulated in metastatic breast cancer (BC) samples. Apart from the originally-identified gene (RSU-1L), an alternatively-spliced isoform (RSU-1-X1) has been reported. We used non-invasive MCF-7 cells, expressing only RSU-1L, and highly invasive MDA-MB-231-LM2 expressing both isoforms and generated stable shRNA-transduced cells lacking RSU-1L, while the truncated RSU-1-X1 isoform was depleted by siRNA-mediated silencing. RSU-1L depletion in MCF-7 cells resulted in complete abrogation of tumor spheroid invasion in three-dimensional collagen gels, whereas it promoted MDA-MB-231-LM2 invasion, through a compensatory upregulation of RSU-1-X1. When RSU-1-X1 was also eliminated, RSU-1L-depletion-induced migration and invasion were drastically reduced being accompanied by reduced urokinase plasminogen activator expression. Protein expression analysis in 23 human BC samples corroborated our findings showing RSU-1L to be upregulated and RSU-1-X1 downregulated in metastatic samples. We demonstrate for the first time, that both RSU-1 isoforms promote invasion in vitro while RSU-1L elimination induces RSU-1-X1 upregulation to compensate for the loss. Hence, we propose that both isoforms should be blocked to effectively eliminate metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Maria Kalli
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christodoulos Efstathiades
- The Center for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), Department of Computer Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Biological Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilios Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Lefteris C Zacharia
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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25
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Sacks Suarez J, Gurler Main H, Muralidhar GG, Elfituri O, Xu HL, Kajdacsy-Balla AA, Barbolina MV. CD44 Regulates Formation of Spheroids and Controls Organ-Specific Metastatic Colonization in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1801-1814. [PMID: 31147393 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disseminating epithelial ovarian cancer cells often become assembled into spheroids prior to their arrival at metastatic sites within the peritoneal cavity. Although epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, the mechanisms regulating formation and metastatic potential of spheroids are poorly understood. We show that expression of a cell surface glycoprotein CD44 is an important contributing factor for spheroid formation and spheroid adhesion to mesothelial cells, and its loss impairs mesenteric metastasis. In contrast, loss of CD44 resulted in significant increase of tumor burden at several locoregional sites, including liver, and unleashed distant metastases to the thoracic cavity. Altogether our studies suggest that CD44 regulates metastatic progression of EOC in an organ-specific manner. IMPLICATIONS: Expression of CD44 promotes spheroid formation, mesothelial adhesion, and formation of mesenteric metastasis, but it suppresses development of metastasis to several peritoneal sites, including liver, and the thoracic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Sacks Suarez
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hilal Gurler Main
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Goda G Muralidhar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Osama Elfituri
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hao-Liang Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Maria V Barbolina
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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26
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Lin TC, Liao YC, Chang WT, Yang CH, Cheng LH, Cheng M, Cheng HC. The Establishment of a Lung Colonization Assay for Circulating Tumor Cell Visualization in Lung Tissues. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29985344 DOI: 10.3791/56761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer death. The role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in promoting cancer metastasis, in which lung colonization by CTCs critically contributes to early lung metastatic processes, has been vigorously investigated. As such, animal models are the only approach that captures the full systemic process of metastasis. Given that problems occur in previous experimental designs for examining the contributions of CTCs to blood vessel extravasation, we established an in vivo lung colonization assay in which a long-term-fluorescence cell-tracer, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), was used to label suspended tumor cells and lung perfusion was performed to clear non-specifically trapped CTCs prior to lung removal, confocal imaging, and quantification. Polymeric fibronectin (polyFN) assembled on CTC surfaces has been found to mediate lung colonization in the final establishment of metastatic tumor tissues. Here, to specifically test the requirement of polyFN assembly on CTCs for lung colonization and extravasation, we performed short term lung colonization assays in which suspended Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLCs) stably expressing FN-shRNA (shFN) or scramble-shRNA (shScr) and pre-labeled with 20 μM of CFSE were intravenously inoculated into C57BL/6 mice. We successfully demonstrated that the abilities of shFN LLC cells to colonize the mouse lungs were significantly diminished in comparison to shScr LLC cells. Therefore, this short-term methodology may be widely applied to specifically demonstrate the ability of CTCs within the circulation to colonize the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Cheng Lin
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Cheng-Han Yang
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Li-Hsin Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Megan Cheng
- Trauma Office, Children's National Health System
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University;
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27
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Patterns, Timing, and Predictors of Recurrence Following Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2018; 267:936-945. [PMID: 28338509 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Chen W, Hoffmann AD, Liu H, Liu X. Organotropism: new insights into molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:4. [PMID: 29872722 PMCID: PMC5871901 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer mortality. Despite the significant progress made over the past decade in cancer medicine our understanding of metastasis remains limited, therefore preventing and targeting metastasis is not yet possible. Breast cancer cells preferentially metastasize to specific organs, known as “organotropic metastasis”, which is regulated by subtypes of breast cancer, host organ microenvironment, and cancer cells-organ interactions. The cross-talk between cancer cells and host organs facilitates the formation of the premetastatic niche and is augmented by factors released from cancer cells prior to the cancer cells’ arrival at the host organ. Moreover, host microenvironment and specific organ structure influence metastatic niche formation and interactions between cancer cells and local resident cells, regulating the survival of cancer cells and formation of metastatic lesions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of organotropic metastasis is essential for biomarker-based prediction and prognosis, development of innovative therapeutic strategy, and eventual improvement of patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer organotropic metastasis by focusing on tumor cell molecular alterations, stemness features, and cross-talk with the host environment. In addition, we also update some new progresses on our understanding about genetic and epigenetic alterations, exosomes, microRNAs, circulating tumor cells and immune response in breast cancer organotropic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Andrew D Hoffmann
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.,2Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.,3Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Xia Liu
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.,3Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
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29
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Gawrzak S, Rinaldi L, Gregorio S, Arenas EJ, Salvador F, Urosevic J, Figueras-Puig C, Rojo F, Del Barco Barrantes I, Cejalvo JM, Palafox M, Guiu M, Berenguer-Llergo A, Symeonidi A, Bellmunt A, Kalafatovic D, Arnal-Estapé A, Fernández E, Müllauer B, Groeneveld R, Slobodnyuk K, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Saura C, Arribas J, Cortes J, Rovira A, Muñoz M, Lluch A, Serra V, Albanell J, Prat A, Nebreda AR, Benitah SA, Gomis RR. MSK1 regulates luminal cell differentiation and metastatic dormancy in ER + breast cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:211-221. [PMID: 29358704 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-017-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For many patients with breast cancer, symptomatic bone metastases appear after years of latency. How micrometastatic lesions remain dormant and undetectable before initiating colonization is unclear. Here, we describe a mechanism involved in bone metastatic latency of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Using an in vivo genome-wide short hairpin RNA screening, we identified the kinase MSK1 as an important regulator of metastatic dormancy in breast cancer. In patients with ER+ breast cancer, low MSK1 expression associates with early metastasis. We show that MSK1 downregulation impairs the differentiation of breast cancer cells, increasing their bone homing and growth capacities. MSK1 controls the expression of genes required for luminal cell differentiation, including the GATA3 and FOXA1 transcription factors, by modulating their promoter chromatin status. Our results indicate that MSK1 prevents metastatic progression of ER+ breast cancer, suggesting that stratifying patients with breast cancer as high or low risk for early relapse based on MSK1 expression could improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Gawrzak
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Gregorio
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique J Arenas
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Figueras-Puig
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Del Barco Barrantes
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Palafox
- Experimental Therapeutics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Guiu
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Berenguer-Llergo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Symeonidi
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bellmunt
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Kalafatovic
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Arnal-Estapé
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale, CT, USA
| | - Esther Fernández
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Müllauer
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rianne Groeneveld
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantin Slobodnyuk
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Saura
- Department of Oncology, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortes
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.,Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Muñoz
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Violeta Serra
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Therapeutics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain. .,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Aydemir Çoban E, Şahin F. Cancer Stem Cells in Metastasis Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:97-113. [PMID: 30255300 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors consists of subpopulation of cells in which each subtype has contributes to tumor progression. Specifically one subtype known as cancer stem cells are associated with the initiation, progression, resistance to conventional therapies and metastasis. Metastasis is leading cause of cancer related deaths. Overall it is important to consider cancer as a whole in which a mutated cell proliferating indefinitely and forming its hierarchy consisting of subgroups with different molecular signatures. To be able to target this disease we need to evaluate every step including initiation, progression, survival, angiogenesis and finally migration and repopulation. Cancer stem cells do play vital roles in each step however when metastasis can be stopped or eliminated we talk about saving a life or improving its quality. Considering how deeply these cancer stem like cells affect the tumor life and metastasis it is crucial to develop effective strategies against them. Metastatic cascade can also be directed by membrane derived vesicles specifically exosomes. Several studies show the role of exosomes in mediating cellular migration and pre-metastatic niche formation. During this chapter we wanted to explain in detail how the metastasis occur in tumor and how cancer stem cells contribute into the development of metastatic cascade and possibly suggest therapeutic approaches against cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aydemir Çoban
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Huebner H, Hartner A, Rascher W, Strick RR, Kehl S, Heindl F, Wachter DL, Beckmann Md MW, Fahlbusch FB, Ruebner M. Expression and Regulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor Responders in the Human Placenta. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1357-1370. [PMID: 29246089 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117746761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoic acid (RA) signaling through its receptors (RARA, RARB, RARG, and the retinoic X receptor RXRA) is essential for healthy placental and fetal development. An important group of genes regulated by RA are the RA receptor responders (RARRES1, 2, and 3). We set out to analyze their expression and regulation in healthy and pathologically altered placentas of preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as well as in trophoblast cell lines. METHODS We performed immunohistochemical staining on placental sections and analyzed gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, we performed cell culture experiments and stimulated Swan71 and Jeg-3 cells with different RA derivates and 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine (AZA) to induce DNA demethylation. RESULTS RARRES1, 2, and 3 and RARA, RARB, RARG, and RXRA are expressed in the extravillous part of the placenta. RARRES1, RARA, RARG, and RXRA were additionally detected in villous cytotrophoblasts. RARRES gene expression was induced via activation of RARA, RARB, and RARG in trophoblast cells. RARRES1 was overexpressed in villous trophoblasts and the syncytiotrophoblast from PE placentas, but not in IUGR without PE. Promoter methylation was detectable for RARRES1 and RARB based on their sensitivity toward AZA treatment of trophoblast cell lines. DISCUSSION RARRES1, 2 and 3 are expressed in the functional compartments of the human placenta and can be regulated by RA. We hypothesize that the epigenetic suppression of trophoblast RARRES1 and RARB expression and the upregulation of RARRES1 in PE trophoblast cells suggest an involvement of environmental factors (eg, maternal vitamin A intake) in the pathogenesis of this pregnancy complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Huebner
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rascher
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner R Strick
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Kehl
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Heindl
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David L Wachter
- 3 Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany * The authors are contributed equally
| | - Matthias W Beckmann Md
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Fahlbusch
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
The metastasis of neoplastic cells from their site of origin to distant anatomic locations continues to be the principal cause of death from malignant tumors, and that fact has been recognized by physicians for over a century. After the work done by Halsted in the treatment of breast cancer in the 1880s, accepted surgical canon held that metastasis occurred in a linear fashion, with centrifugal "growth in continuity" from the primary neoplasm that first involved regional lymph nodes. Those structures were considered to then be the sources of more distant, visceral metastases. With that premise in mind, radical and "ultra-radical" surgical procedures were devised to remove as many lymph nodes as possible in the treatment of carcinomas and melanomas. However, such interventions were ineffective in altering tumor-related mortality. This review considers the details of the historical material just mentioned. It also reviews currently-held concepts on biological mechanisms of metastasis, the "sentinel" lymph node biopsy technique, and the important topic of metastatic tumor "dormancy" as the cause of surgical treatment failure. Finally, predictive models of tumor behavior are discussed, which are based on gene signatures. These will likely be the key to identifying malignant lesions of low surgical stage that ultimately prove fatal through later manifestation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wick
- Division of Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Room 3020, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0214, United States.
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Histone methyltransferase G9a promotes liver cancer development by epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene RARRES3. J Hepatol 2017; 67:758-769. [PMID: 28532996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Epigenetic deregulation is a common trait of human HCC. G9s is an important epigenetics regulator however, its role in liver carcinogenesis remains to be investigated. METHODS Gene expressions were determined by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. G9a knockdown and knockout cell lines were established by lentiviral-based shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Tumor-promoting functions of G9a was studied in both HCC cell lines and nude mice model. The downstream targets of G9a were identified by RNA-Seq and confirmed by ChIP assay. The therapeutic value of G9a inhibitors was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified G9a as a frequently upregulated histone methyltransferase in human HCCs. Upregulation of G9a was significantly associated with HCC progression and aggressive clinicopathological features. Functionally, we demonstrated that inactivation of G9a by RNAi knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, and pharmacological inhibition remarkably abolished H3K9 di-methylation and suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, we showed that the frequent upregulation of G9a in human HCCs was attributed to gene copy number gain at chromosome 6p21. In addition, we identified miR-1 as a negative regulator of G9a. Loss of miR-1 relieved the post-transcriptional repression on G9a and contributed to its upregulation in human HCC. Utilizing RNA sequencing, we identified the tumor suppressor RARRES3 as a critical target of G9a. Epigenetic silencing of RARRES3 contributed to the tumor-promoting function of G9a. CONCLUSION This study shows a frequent deregulation of miR-1/G9a/RARRES3 axis in liver carcinogenesis, highlighting the pathological significance of G9a and its therapeutic potential in HCC treatment. Lay summary: In this study, we identified G9a histone methyltransferase was frequently upregulated in human HCC and contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene RARRES3 in liver cancer. Targeting G9a may be a novel approach for HCC treatment.
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Mammalian enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1546-1561. [PMID: 28843504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are ethanolamides of long-chain fatty acids, including palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide and anandamide. In animal tissues, NAEs are biosynthesized from membrane phospholipids. The classical "transacylation-phosphodiesterase" pathway proceeds via N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), which involves the actions of two enzymes, NAPE-generating Ca2+-dependent N-acyltransferase (Ca-NAT) and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Recent identification of Ca-NAT as Ɛ isoform of cytosolic phospholipase A2 enabled the further molecular biological approaches toward this enzyme. In addition, Ca2+-independent NAPE formation was shown to occur by N-acyltransferase activity of a group of proteins named phospholipase A/acyltransferases (PLAAT)-1-5. The analysis of NAPE-PLD-deficient mice confirmed that NAEs can be produced through multi-step pathways bypassing NAPE-PLD. The NAPE-PLD-independent pathways involved three members of the glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE) family (GDE1, GDE4 and GDE7) as well as α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein (ABHD)4. In this review article, we will focus on recent progress made and latest insights in the enzymes involved in NAE synthesis and their further characterization.
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Zhu M, Wang H, Cui J, Li W, An G, Pan Y, Zhang Q, Xing R, Lu Y. Calcium-binding protein S100A14 induces differentiation and suppresses metastasis in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2938. [PMID: 28726786 PMCID: PMC5550849 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
S100A14 is a calcium-binding protein involved in cell proliferation and differentiation as well as the metastasis of human tumors. In this study, we characterized the regulation of S100A14 expression between biological signatures and clinical pathological features in gastric cancer (GC). Our data demonstrated that S100A14 induced the differentiation of GC by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin and PGII. Moreover, S100A14 expression negatively correlated with cell migration and invasion in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Interestingly, S100A14 blocked the store-operated Ca2+ influx by suppressing Orai1 and STIM1 expression, leading to FAK expression activation, focal adhesion assembly and MMP downregulation. Taken together, our results indicate that S100A14 may have a role in the induction of differentiation and inhibition of cell metastasis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wenmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guo An
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Jinping District, Guangdong 515041, China. Tel: +86 754 88900445; Fax: +86 754 88557562; E-mail:
| | - Rui Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China. Tel: +86 10 88196731; Fax: +86 10 88122437; E-mail: or
| | - Youyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China. Tel: +86 10 88196731; Fax: +86 10 88122437; E-mail: or
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Brouwers B, Fumagalli D, Brohee S, Hatse S, Govaere O, Floris G, Van den Eynde K, Bareche Y, Schöffski P, Smeets A, Neven P, Lambrechts D, Sotiriou C, Wildiers H. The footprint of the ageing stroma in older patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:78. [PMID: 28673354 PMCID: PMC5494807 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumours are not only composed of malignant cells but also consist of a stromal micro-environment, which has been shown to influence cancer cell behaviour. Because the ageing process induces accumulation of senescent cells in the body, this micro-environment is thought to be different in cancers occurring in old patients compared with younger patients. More specifically, senescence-related fibroblastic features, such as the senescence-associated secretory profile (SASP) and the induction of autophagy, are suspected to stimulate tumour growth and progression. Methods We compared gene expression profiles in stromal fields of breast carcinomas by performing laser capture microdissection of the cancer-associated stroma from eight old (aged ≥80 years at diagnosis) and nine young (aged <45 years at diagnosis) patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Gene expression data were obtained by microarray analysis (Affymetrix). Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed. Results Differential gene expression analysis showed changes reminiscent of increased growth, de-differentiation and migration in stromal samples of older versus younger patients. GSEA confirmed the presence of a SASP, as well as the presence of autophagy in the stroma of older patients. Conclusions We provide the first evidence in humans that older age at diagnosis is associated with a different stromal micro-environment in breast cancers. The SASP and the presence of autophagy appear to be important age-induced stromal features. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0871-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brouwers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Debora Fumagalli
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Brohee
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Van den Eynde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wang H, Xu H, Xu T, Tan C, Jiang M, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhou J, Shen J, Qin R, Hu D, Huang Q, Wang M, Wang L, Duan D, Yan Y, Chen J. High expression of TIG3 predicts poor survival in patients with primary glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639915 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317712135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TIG3 (tazarotene-induced gene 3) has been reported to suppress the progression of several malignancies, where this gene is universally downregulated. However, the expression of TIG3 in primary glioblastoma and its relevance to patient's prognosis have not been elaborated. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate TIG3 expression level in primary glioblastoma and investigate the prognostic value of TIG3 for patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was first utilized to analyze the expression and prognostic potential of TIG3 in 528 glioblastoma cases. Compared with control group, glioblastoma showed significantly elevated TIG3 expression (p < 0.001). Log-rank analysis revealed that higher expression of TIG3 was associated with shorter overall survival (358vs 383 days, p = 0.039). Furthermore, TIG3 protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry confirmed positive correlation of TIG3 expression and glioma grade and upregulation of TIG3 in our cohort of 101 primary glioblastoma patients compared to 16 normal brains. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis identified high TIG3 expression as an independent risk factor for overall survival of primary glioblastoma patients (overall survival, 10 vs 13 months, p = 0.033; hazard ratio = 1.542, p = 0.046). Together, this study indicated that increased expression of TIG3 in primary glioblastoma is a novel biomarker for predicting poor outcome of patients. We then hypothesize that TIG3 may function in a different pattern in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchong Xu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Tan
- 2 Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxu Zhou
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, The 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, China
| | - Junyan Shen
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Qin
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,6 Department of Neurosurgery, The 184th Hospital of PLA, Yingtan, China
| | - Daiyu Hu
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Wang
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Duan
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Mateo F, Arenas EJ, Aguilar H, Serra-Musach J, de Garibay GR, Boni J, Maicas M, Du S, Iorio F, Herranz-Ors C, Islam A, Prado X, Llorente A, Petit A, Vidal A, Català I, Soler T, Venturas G, Rojo-Sebastian A, Serra H, Cuadras D, Blanco I, Lozano J, Canals F, Sieuwerts AM, de Weerd V, Look MP, Puertas S, García N, Perkins AS, Bonifaci N, Skowron M, Gómez-Baldó L, Hernández V, Martínez-Aranda A, Martínez-Iniesta M, Serrat X, Cerón J, Brunet J, Barretina MP, Gil M, Falo C, Fernández A, Morilla I, Pernas S, Plà MJ, Andreu X, Seguí MA, Ballester R, Castellà E, Nellist M, Morales S, Valls J, Velasco A, Matias-Guiu X, Figueras A, Sánchez-Mut JV, Sánchez-Céspedes M, Cordero A, Gómez-Miragaya J, Palomero L, Gómez A, Gajewski TF, Cohen EEW, Jesiotr M, Bodnar L, Quintela-Fandino M, López-Bigas N, Valdés-Mas R, Puente XS, Viñals F, Casanovas O, Graupera M, Hernández-Losa J, Ramón y Cajal S, García-Alonso L, Saez-Rodriguez J, Esteller M, Sierra A, Martín-Martín N, Matheu A, Carracedo A, González-Suárez E, Nanjundan M, Cortés J, Lázaro C, Odero MD, Martens JWM, Moreno-Bueno G, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Villanueva A, Gomis RR, Pujana MA. Stem cell-like transcriptional reprogramming mediates metastatic resistance to mTOR inhibition. Oncogene 2017; 36:2737-2749. [PMID: 27991928 PMCID: PMC5442428 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are currently used to treat advanced metastatic breast cancer. However, whether an aggressive phenotype is sustained through adaptation or resistance to mTOR inhibition remains unknown. Here, complementary studies in human tumors, cancer models and cell lines reveal transcriptional reprogramming that supports metastasis in response to mTOR inhibition. This cancer feature is driven by EVI1 and SOX9. EVI1 functionally cooperates with and positively regulates SOX9, and promotes the transcriptional upregulation of key mTOR pathway components (REHB and RAPTOR) and of lung metastasis mediators (FSCN1 and SPARC). The expression of EVI1 and SOX9 is associated with stem cell-like and metastasis signatures, and their depletion impairs the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. These results establish the mechanistic link between resistance to mTOR inhibition and cancer metastatic potential, thus enhancing our understanding of mTOR targeting failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mateo
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E J Arenas
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Aguilar
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Serra-Musach
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Ruiz de Garibay
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Boni
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Maicas
- Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Iorio
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - C Herranz-Ors
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - X Prado
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Llorente
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Petit
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vidal
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Català
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Soler
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Venturas
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rojo-Sebastian
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Serra
- Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Cuadras
- Statistics Unit, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Blanco
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lozano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Málaga University, and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Mediterranean Institute for the Advance of Biotechnology and Health Research (IBIMA), University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - F Canals
- ProteoRed-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Proteomic Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V de Weerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P Look
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Puertas
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Laboratory, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N García
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A S Perkins
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - N Bonifaci
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Skowron
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Gómez-Baldó
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Hernández
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Laboratory, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Aranda
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Laboratory, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Iniesta
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Laboratory, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Serrat
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Cerón
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, ICO, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - M P Barretina
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - M Gil
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Falo
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Fernández
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Morilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Plà
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Andreu
- Department of Pathology, Parc Taulí Hospital Consortium, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Seguí
- Medical Oncology Service, Parc Taulí Hospital Consortium, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Ballester
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, ICO, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Castellà
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, ICO, IGTP, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Morales
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - J Valls
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - A Velasco
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - X Matias-Guiu
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - A Figueras
- Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J V Sánchez-Mut
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Céspedes
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cordero
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Miragaya
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Palomero
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gómez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T F Gajewski
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Jesiotr
- Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Bodnar
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Quintela-Fandino
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - N López-Bigas
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Valdés-Mas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - X S Puente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - F Viñals
- Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Casanovas
- Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Graupera
- Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Hernández-Losa
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ramón y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L García-Alonso
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sierra
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center CELLEX-CRBC, Biomedical Research Institute ‘August Pi i Sunyer' (IDIBAPS), and Systems Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Martín-Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio, Spain
| | - A Matheu
- Neuro-Oncology Section, Oncology Department, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - E González-Suárez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J Cortés
- Department of Medical Oncology, VHIO, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M D Odero
- Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Moreno-Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Biomedical Research Institute ‘Alberto Sols' (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UAM), Translational Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), and MD Anderson International Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - M H Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Villanueva
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Laboratory, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Pujana
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Cai YD, Zhang Q, Zhang YH, Chen L, Huang T. Identification of Genes Associated with Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone on a Protein–Protein Interaction Network with a Shortest Path Algorithm. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1027-1038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Cai
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- College
of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
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Anderson AM, Kalimutho M, Harten S, Nanayakkara DM, Khanna KK, Ragan MA. The metastasis suppressor RARRES3 as an endogenous inhibitor of the immunoproteasome expression in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39873. [PMID: 28051153 PMCID: PMC5209724 DOI: 10.1038/srep39873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer metastasis, the dynamic continuum involving pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators can become compromised. Over 600 genes have been implicated in metastasis to bone, lung or brain but how these genes might contribute to perturbation of immune function is poorly understood. To gain insight, we adopted a gene co-expression network approach that draws on the functional parallels between naturally occurring bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our network analyses indicate a key role for metastasis suppressor RARRES3, including potential to regulate the immunoproteasome (IP), a specialized proteasome induced under inflammatory conditions. Knockdown of RARRES3 in near-normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell lines increases overall transcript and protein levels of the IP subunits, but not of their constitutively expressed counterparts. RARRES3 mRNA expression is controlled by interferon regulatory factor IRF1, an inducer of the IP, and is sensitive to depletion of the retinoid-related receptor RORA that regulates various physiological processes including immunity through modulation of gene expression. Collectively, these findings identify a novel regulatory role for RARRES3 as an endogenous inhibitor of IP expression, and contribute to our evolving understanding of potential pathways underlying breast cancer driven immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sarah Harten
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Devathri M Nanayakkara
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Predicting and Overcoming Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:59-104. [PMID: 29282680 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of breast cancer and its therapeutic approach has improved greatly due to the advancement of molecular biology in recent years. Clinically, breast cancers are characterized into three basic types based on their immunohistochemical properties. They are triple-negative breast cancer, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive-HR positive breast cancer, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Even though these subtypes have been characterized, assessment of a breast cancer's receptor status is still widely used to determine whether or not a targeted therapy could be applied. Moreover, drug resistance is common in all breast cancer types despite the different treatment modalities applied. The development of resistance to different therapeutics is not mutually exclusive. It seems that tumor could be resistant to multiple treatment strategies, such as being both chemoresistant and monoclonal antibody resistant. However, the underlying mechanisms are complicated and need further investigation. In this chapter, we aim to provide a brief review of the different types of breast cancer and their respective treatment strategies. We also review the possible mechanisms of potential drug resistance associated with each treatment type. We believe that a better understanding of the drug resistance mechanisms can lead to a more effective and efficient therapeutic success.
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Anderson AM, Ragan MA. Palmitoylation: a protein S-acylation with implications for breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2:16028. [PMID: 28721385 PMCID: PMC5515344 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that involves linkage of a fatty acid chain predominantly to a cysteine amino acid via a thioester bond. The fatty acid molecule is primarily palmitate, thus the term 'palmitoylation' is more commonly used. Palmitoylation has been found to modulate all stages of protein function including maturational processing, trafficking, membrane anchoring, signaling range and efficacy, and degradation. In breast cancer, palmitoylation has been shown to control the function of commonly dysregulated genes including estrogen receptors, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors, and cancer stem cell markers. Importantly, palmitoylation is a critical factor controlling the formation of complexes at the plasma membrane involving tetraspanins, integrins, and gene products that are key to cell-cell communication. During metastasis, cancer cells enhance their metastatic capacity by interacting with stroma and immune cells. Although aberrant palmitoylation could contribute to tumor initiation and growth, its potential role in these cell-cell interactions is of particular interest, as it may provide mechanistic insight into metastasis, including cancer cell-driven immune modulation. Compelling evidence for a role for aberrant palmitoylation in breast cancer remains to be established. To this end, in this review we summarize emerging evidence and highlight pertinent knowledge gaps, suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Gomis RR, Gawrzak S. Tumor cell dormancy. Mol Oncol 2016; 11:62-78. [PMID: 28017284 PMCID: PMC5423221 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in cancer patients and current treatments fail to provide durable responses. Efforts to treat metastatic disease are hindered by the fact that metastatic cells often remain dormant for prolonged intervals of years, or even decades. Tumor dormancy reflects the capability of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), or micrometastases, to evade treatment and remain at low numbers after primary tumor resection. Unfortunately, dormant cells will eventually produce overt metastasis. Innovations are needed to understand metastatic dormancy and improve cancer detection and treatment. Currently, few models exist that faithfully recapitulate metastatic dormancy and metastasis to clinically relevant tissues, such as the bone. Herein, we discuss recent advances describing genetic cell‐autonomous and systemic or local changes in the microenvironment that have been shown to endow DTCs with properties to survive and eventually colonize distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sylwia Gawrzak
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Martín-Martín N, Piva M, Urosevic J, Aldaz P, Sutherland JD, Fernández-Ruiz S, Arreal L, Torrano V, Cortazar AR, Planet E, Guiu M, Radosevic-Robin N, Garcia S, Macías I, Salvador F, Domenici G, Rueda OM, Zabala-Letona A, Arruabarrena-Aristorena A, Zúñiga-García P, Caro-Maldonado A, Valcárcel-Jiménez L, Sánchez-Mosquera P, Varela-Rey M, Martínez-Chantar ML, Anguita J, Ibrahim YH, Scaltriti M, Lawrie CH, Aransay AM, Iovanna JL, Baselga J, Caldas C, Barrio R, Serra V, dM Vivanco M, Matheu A, Gomis RR, Carracedo A. Stratification and therapeutic potential of PML in metastatic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12595. [PMID: 27553708 PMCID: PMC4999521 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient stratification has been instrumental for the success of targeted therapies in breast cancer. However, the molecular basis of metastatic breast cancer and its therapeutic vulnerabilities remain poorly understood. Here we show that PML is a novel target in aggressive breast cancer. The acquisition of aggressiveness and metastatic features in breast tumours is accompanied by the elevated PML expression and enhanced sensitivity to its inhibition. Interestingly, we find that STAT3 is responsible, at least in part, for the transcriptional upregulation of PML in breast cancer. Moreover, PML targeting hampers breast cancer initiation and metastatic seeding. Mechanistically, this biological activity relies on the regulation of the stem cell gene SOX9 through interaction of PML with its promoter region. Altogether, we identify a novel pathway sustaining breast cancer aggressiveness that can be therapeutically exploited in combination with PML-based stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Piva
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- Oncology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aldaz
- Oncology Area, Biodonostia Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | - Leire Arreal
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Verónica Torrano
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ana R. Cortazar
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Guiu
- Oncology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- ERTICa Research Group, University of Auvergne EA4677, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Biodiagnostics Laboratory OncoGenAuvergne, Pathology Unit, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stephane Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Iratxe Macías
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Oncology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Oscar M. Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Varela-Rey
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)
| | - Maria Luz Martínez-Chantar
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)
| | - Juan Anguita
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque foundation for science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yasir H. Ibrahim
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10021, USA
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Charles H. Lawrie
- Oncology Area, Biodonostia Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque foundation for science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana M. Aransay
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jose Baselga
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rosa Barrio
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Oncology Area, Biodonostia Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque foundation for science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roger R. Gomis
- Oncology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bulding 801a, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque foundation for science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48949 Leioa, Spain
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Coll-Bonfill N, Peinado VI, Pisano MV, Párrizas M, Blanco I, Evers M, Engelmann JC, García-Lucio J, Tura-Ceide O, Meister G, Barberà JA, Musri MM. Slug Is Increased in Vascular Remodeling and Induces a Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferative Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159460. [PMID: 27441378 PMCID: PMC4956159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have confirmed Slug as a key player in regulating phenotypic changes in several cell models, however, its role in smooth muscle cells (SMC) has never been assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Slug during the phenotypic switch of SMC in vitro and throughout the development of vascular remodeling. Methods and Results Slug expression was decreased during both cell-to-cell contact and TGFβ1 induced SMC differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a known inductor of a proliferative/dedifferentiated SMC phenotype, induces the expression of Slug in SMC. Slug knockdown blocked TNFα-induced SMC phenotypic change and significantly reduced both SMC proliferation and migration, while its overexpression blocked the TGFβ1-induced SMC differentiation and induced proliferation and migration. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed that in SMC, Slug knockdown induced changes mainly in genes related to proliferation and migration, indicating that Slug controls these processes in SMC. Notably, Slug expression was significantly up-regulated in lungs of mice using a model of pulmonary hypertension-related vascular remodeling. Highly remodeled human pulmonary arteries also showed an increase of Slug expression compared to less remodeled arteries. Conclusions Slug emerges as a key transcription factor driving SMC towards a proliferative phenotype. The increased Slug expression observed in vivo in highly remodeled arteries of mice and human suggests a role of Slug in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I. Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María V. Pisano
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maurits Evers
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia C. Engelmann
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jessica García-Lucio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina M. Musri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Hsu TH, Chang TC. RARRES3 regulates signal transduction through post-translational protein modifications. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 2:e999512. [PMID: 27308522 PMCID: PMC4905368 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2014.999512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that retinoic acid receptor responder 3 (RARRES3)-mediated protein deacylation resulted in significant inhibition of the transformed properties of breast cancer cells. This finding suggests a key role of RARRES3 in the regulation of growth signaling and metastasis in cancer cells and as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hui Hsu
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica ; Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical Center ; Taipei; Taiwan, ROC
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47
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Salvador F, Bellmunt A, Gomis RR. Can we predict and prevent specific sites of metastases in breast cancer patients? BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Salvador
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bellmunt
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Primary tumors are known to constantly shed a large number of cancer cells into systemic dissemination, yet only a tiny fraction of these cells is capable of forming overt metastases. The tremendous rate of attrition during the process of metastasis implicates the existence of a rare and unique population of metastasis-initiating cells (MICs). MICs possess advantageous traits that may originate in the primary tumor but continue to evolve during dissemination and colonization, including cellular plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, the ability to enter and exit dormancy, resistance to apoptosis, immune evasion, and co-option of other tumor and stromal cells. Better understanding of the molecular and cellular hallmarks of MICs will facilitate the development and deployment of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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49
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Centritto F, Paroni G, Bolis M, Garattini SK, Kurosaki M, Barzago MM, Zanetti A, Fisher JN, Scott MF, Pattini L, Lupi M, Ubezio P, Piccotti F, Zambelli A, Rizzo P, Gianni' M, Fratelli M, Terao M, Garattini E. Cellular and molecular determinants of all-trans retinoic acid sensitivity in breast cancer: Luminal phenotype and RARα expression. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:950-72. [PMID: 25888236 PMCID: PMC4520659 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-two cell lines recapitulating mammary carcinoma heterogeneity were profiled for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) sensitivity. Luminal and ER+ (estrogen-receptor-positive) cell lines are generally sensitive to ATRA, while refractoriness/low sensitivity is associated with a Basal phenotype and HER2 positivity. Indeed, only 2 Basal cell lines (MDA-MB157 and HCC-1599) are highly sensitive to the retinoid. Sensitivity of HCC-1599 cells is confirmed in xenotransplanted mice. Short-term tissue-slice cultures of surgical samples validate the cell-line results and support the concept that a high proportion of Luminal/ER+ carcinomas are ATRA sensitive, while triple-negative (Basal) and HER2-positive tumors tend to be retinoid resistant. Pathway-oriented analysis of the constitutive gene-expression profiles in the cell lines identifies RARα as the member of the retinoid pathway directly associated with a Luminal phenotype, estrogen positivity and ATRA sensitivity. RARα3 is the major transcript in ATRA-sensitive cells and tumors. Studies in selected cell lines with agonists/antagonists confirm that RARα is the principal mediator of ATRA responsiveness. RARα over-expression sensitizes retinoid-resistant MDA-MB453 cells to ATRA anti-proliferative action. Conversely, silencing of RARα in retinoid-sensitive SKBR3 cells abrogates ATRA responsiveness. All this is paralleled by similar effects on ATRA-dependent inhibition of cell motility, indicating that RARα may mediate also ATRA anti-metastatic effects. We define gene sets of predictive potential which are associated with ATRA sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines and validate them in short-term tissue cultures of Luminal/ER+ and triple-negative tumors. In these last models, we determine the perturbations in the transcriptomic profiles afforded by ATRA. The study provides fundamental information for the development of retinoid-based therapeutic strategies aimed at the stratified treatment of breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Centritto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriela Paroni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Bolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Ken Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Mami Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Monica Barzago
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Adriana Zanetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - James Neil Fisher
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Mark Francis Scott
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Linda Pattini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Lupi
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ubezio
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Rizzo
- Gene Therapy and Cellular Reprogramming, IRCCS- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gianni'
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Fratelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Mineko Terao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
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50
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Xu Y, Chen T, Liao D, Wu X, Zhong Y, Liu S, Yang H, Nie Y. The antitumor effect of TIG3 in liver cancer cells is involved in ERK1/2 inhibition. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11311-20. [PMID: 26951515 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3) was first characterized in tazarotene-treated human keratinocytes and identified as a retinoic acid responder gene, an important mediator of antitumor effects by retinoids. In this study, we aim to investigate the inhibitory effect of TIG3 on the growth of liver cancer and explore its underlying mechanism. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep3B cells were transfected with plasmid GV141 carrying full-length TIG3 complementary DNA (cDNA). The effects of TIG3 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were determined in vitro. The suppressor effect of TIG3 on tumor growth was evaluated in vivo in a nude mouse HCC model. We observed that TIG3 expression is decreased in the Hep3B cell line as well as primary HCC tumors, and TIG3 expression inversely correlates with Ki-67 expression. Overexpression of TIG3 suppresses tumor growth in HCC both in vitro and in vivo via ERK1/2 inhibition by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation and migration. These findings identify TIG3 as an attractive therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Municipal's People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Degui Liao
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Municipal's People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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