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Zhang Y, Jafari M, Zhang T, Sui D, Sagresti L, Merz KM, Hu J. Molecular insights into substrate translocation in an elevator-type metal transporter. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613805. [PMID: 39345646 PMCID: PMC11429975 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP) metal transporters are key players in maintaining the homeostasis of a panel of essential microelements. The prototypical ZIP from Bordetella bronchiseptica (BbZIP) is an elevator transporter, but how the metal substrate moves along the transport pathway and how the transporter changes conformation to allow alternating access remain to be elucidated. Here, we combined structural, biochemical, and computational approaches to investigate the process of metal substrate translocation along with the global structural rearrangement. Our study revealed an upward hinge motion of the transport domain in a high-resolution crystal structure of a cross-linked variant, elucidated the mechanisms of metal release from the transport site into the cytoplasm and activity regulation by a cytoplasmic metal-binding loop, and unraveled an unusual elevator mode in enhanced sampling simulations that distinguishes BbZIP from other elevator transporters. This work provides important insights into the metal transport mechanism of the ZIP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Luca Sagresti
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy and CSGI
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kenneth M. Merz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, MI 48824
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Shoji M, Ohashi T, Nagase S, Yuri H, Ichihashi K, Takagishi T, Nagata Y, Nomura Y, Fukunaka A, Kenjou S, Miyake H, Hara T, Yoshigai E, Fujitani Y, Sakurai H, Dos Santos HG, Fukada T, Kuzuhara T. Possible involvement of zinc transporter ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8052. [PMID: 38609428 PMCID: PMC11014994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome spondylodysplastic type 3 (EDSSPD3, OMIM 612350) is an inherited recessive connective tissue disorder that is caused by loss of function of SLC39A13/ZIP13, a zinc transporter belonging to the Slc39a/ZIP family. We previously reported that patients with EDSSPD3 harboring a homozygous loss of function mutation (c.221G > A, p.G64D) in ZIP13 exon 2 (ZIP13G64D) suffer from impaired development of bone and connective tissues, and muscular hypotonia. However, whether ZIP13 participates in the early differentiation of these cell types remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation using a murine myoblast cell line (C2C12) as well as patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found that ZIP13 gene expression was upregulated by myogenic stimulation in C2C12 cells, and its knockdown disrupted myotubular differentiation. Myocytes differentiated from iPSCs derived from patients with EDSSPD3 (EDSSPD3-iPSCs) also exhibited incomplete myogenic differentiation. Such phenotypic abnormalities of EDSSPD3-iPSC-derived myocytes were corrected by genomic editing of the pathogenic ZIP13G64D mutation. Collectively, our findings suggest the possible involvement of ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation, and that EDSSPD3-iPSCs established herein may be a promising tool to study the molecular basis underlying the clinical features caused by loss of ZIP13 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Takuto Ohashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Saki Nagase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Haato Yuri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichihashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yuki Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukunaka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sae Kenjou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hatsuna Miyake
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Emi Yoshigai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Sui D, Hu J. High-resolution structure of a mercury cross-linked ZIP metal transporter reveals delicate motions and metal relay for regulated zinc transport. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537755. [PMID: 37131590 PMCID: PMC10153219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) divalent metal transporters play a central role in maintaining trace element homeostasis. The prototypical ZIP from Bordetella bronchiseptica (BbZIP) is an elevator-type transporter, but the dynamic motions and detailed transport mechanism remain to be elucidated. Here, we report a high-resolution crystal structure of a mercury-crosslinked BbZIP variant at 1.95 Å, revealing an upward rotation of the transport domain in the new inward-facing conformation and a water-filled metal release channel that is divided into two parallel pathways by the previously disordered cytoplasmic loop. Mutagenesis and transport assays indicated that the newly identified high-affinity metal binding site in the primary pathway acts as a "metal sink" to reduce the transport rate. The discovery of a hinge motion around an extracellular axis allowed us to propose a sequential hinge-elevator-hinge movement of the transport domain to achieve alternating access. These findings provide key insights into the transport mechanisms and activity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, MI 48824
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Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Gao K, Sui D, Yu P, Su M, Wei GW, Hu J. Structural insights into the elevator-type transport mechanism of a bacterial ZIP metal transporter. Nat Commun 2023; 14:385. [PMID: 36693843 PMCID: PMC9873690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family consists of ubiquitously expressed divalent metal transporters critically involved in maintaining systemic and cellular homeostasis of zinc, iron, and manganese. Here, we present a study on a prokaryotic ZIP from Bordetella bronchiseptica (BbZIP) by combining structural biology, evolutionary covariance, computational modeling, and a variety of biochemical assays to tackle the issue of the transport mechanism which has not been established for the ZIP family. The apo state structure in an inward-facing conformation revealed a disassembled transport site, altered inter-helical interactions, and importantly, a rigid body movement of a 4-transmembrane helix (TM) bundle relative to the other TMs. The computationally generated and biochemically validated outward-facing conformation model revealed a slide of the 4-TM bundle, which carries the transport site(s), by approximately 8 Å toward the extracellular side against the static TMs which mediate dimerization. These findings allow us to conclude that BbZIP is an elevator-type transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kaifu Gao
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peixuan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Min Su
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Zinc and Zinc Transporters in Dermatology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416165. [PMID: 36555806 PMCID: PMC9785331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an important trace mineral in the human body and a daily intake of zinc is required to maintain a healthy status. Over the past decades, zinc has been used in formulating topical and systemic therapies for various skin disorders owing to its wound healing and antimicrobial properties. Zinc transporters play a major role in maintaining the integrity of the integumentary system by controlling zinc homeostasis within dermal layers. Mutations and abnormal function of zinc-transporting proteins can lead to disease development, such as spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS) and acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) which can be fatal if left untreated. This review discusses the layers of the skin, the importance of zinc and zinc transporters in each layer, and the various skin disorders caused by zinc deficiency, in addition to zinc-containing compounds used for treating different skin disorders and skin protection.
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Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a leading cause of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and a major contributor to dementia. Covert cSVD, which is detectable with brain MRI but does not manifest as clinical stroke, is highly prevalent in the general population, particularly with increasing age. Advances in technologies and collaborative work have led to substantial progress in the identification of common genetic variants that are associated with cSVD-related stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) and MRI-defined covert cSVD. In this Review, we provide an overview of collaborative studies - mostly genome-wide association studies (GWAS) - that have identified >50 independent genetic loci associated with the risk of cSVD. We describe how these associations have provided novel insights into the biological mechanisms involved in cSVD, revealed patterns of shared genetic variation across cSVD traits, and shed new light on the continuum between rare, monogenic and common, multifactorial cSVD. We consider how GWAS summary statistics have been leveraged for Mendelian randomization studies to explore causal pathways in cSVD and provide genetic evidence for drug effects, and how the combination of findings from GWAS with gene expression resources and drug target databases has enabled identification of putative causal genes and provided proof-of-concept for drug repositioning potential. We also discuss opportunities for polygenic risk prediction, multi-ancestry approaches and integration with other omics data.
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects 240 million people worldwide. Current therapy profoundly suppresses HBV replication but requires long-term maintenance therapy. Therefore, there is still a medical need for an efficient HBV cure. HBV enters host cells by binding via the preS1 domain of the viral L protein to the Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). Thus, NTCP should be a key target for the development of anti-HBV therapeutics. Indeed, myrcludex B, a synthetic form of the myristoylated preS1 peptide, effectively reduces HBV/hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection and has been approved as Hepcludex in Europe for the treatment of patients with chronic HDV infection. We established a monoclonal antibody (MAb), N6HB426-20, that recognizes the extracellular domain of human NTCP and blocks HBV entry in vitro into human liver cells but has much less of an inhibitory effect on bile acid uptake. In vivo, administration of the N6HB426-20 MAb prevented HBV viremia for an extended period of time after HBV inoculation in a mouse model system without strongly inhibiting bile acid absorption. Among the extracellular loops (ECLs) of NTCP, regions of amino acids (aa) 84 to 87 in ECL1 and aa 157 to 165 near ECL2 of transmembrane domain 5 are critically important for HBV/HDV infection. Epitope mapping and the three-dimensional (3D) model of the NTCP structure suggested that the N6HB426-20 MAb may recognize aa 276/277 at the tip of ECL4 and interfere with binding of HBV to the region from aa 84 to 87. In summary, we identified an in vivo neutralizing NTCP-targeting antibody capable of preventing HBV infection. Further improvements in efficacy of this drug will pave the way for its clinical applications. IMPORTANCE A number of entry inhibitors are being developed to enhance the treatment of HBV patients with oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NA). To amplify the effectiveness of NA therapy, several efforts have been made to develop therapeutic MAbs with neutralizing activity against HBs antigens. However, the neutralizing effect of these MAbs may be muted by a large excess of HBsAg-positive noninfectious particles in the blood of infected patients. The advantage of NTCP-targeted HBV entry inhibitors is that they remain effective regardless of viral genotype, viral mutations, and the presence of subviral particles. Although N6HB426-20 requires a higher dose than myrcludex to obtain equivalent suppression of HBV in a model mouse system, it maintained the inhibitory effect for a long time postadministration in proportion to the half-life of an IgG MAb. We believe that further improvements will make this antibody a promising treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Tamura Y. The Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1109-1122. [PMID: 34148917 PMCID: PMC8592709 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and is involved in various biological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and immune function. In recent years, research on intracellular zinc dynamics has progressed, and it has become clear that zinc transporters strictly control intracellular zinc localization, zinc regulates the functions of various proteins and signal transduction pathways as a second messenger similar to calcium ions, and intracellular zinc dyshomeostasis is associated with impaired insulin synthesis, secretion, sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Numerous animal and human studies have shown that zinc deficiency may be associated with the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and zinc administration might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Therefore, an understanding of zinc biology may help the establishment of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and CVDs. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of zinc homeostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis and will discuss the potential of zinc in the prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tamura
- Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
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Cheng X, Wang J, Liu C, Jiang T, Yang N, Liu D, Zhao H, Xu Z. Zinc transporter SLC39A13/ZIP13 facilitates the metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells via activating Src/FAK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:199. [PMID: 34154618 PMCID: PMC8215834 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporters have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases including cancer. As the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, ovarian cancer is characterized by rapid progression and widespread metastases. However, the function and underlying mechanism of zinc transporters in ovarian cancer metastasis remain unclear. METHODS The relationship between zinc transporter gene expressions and clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer was assessed with the online database Kaplan-Meier plotter ( http://kmplot.com/analysis/ ). Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the prognostic importance of ZIP13. The expression of ZIP13 in ovarian cancer cell lines was depleted to explore its effect on proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo assays. RNA-Seq, quantitative RT-PCR, and western blot analysis were performed to explore ZIP13-regulated downstream target genes. RESULTS The expressions of several zinc transporters were highly associated the clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. Among them, high ZIP13 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in patients with ovarian cancer. ZIP13 knockout suppressed the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation revealed that ZIP13 regulated intracellular zinc distribution and then affected the expressions of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. This led to the activation of Src/FAK pathway with increased expressions of pro-metastatic genes but decreased expressions of tumor suppressor genes. CONCLUSIONS ZIP13 is shown to be a novel driver of metastatic progression by modulating the Src/FAK signaling pathway, which may serve as a promising biomarker for prognostic evaluation and targeted therapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- Department of Pathology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital, 063000, Tangshan, China
| | - Tianduo Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningzhi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
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Traylor M, Persyn E, Tomppo L, Klasson S, Abedi V, Bakker MK, Torres N, Li L, Bell S, Rutten-Jacobs L, Tozer DJ, Griessenauer CJ, Zhang Y, Pedersen A, Sharma P, Jimenez-Conde J, Rundek T, Grewal RP, Lindgren A, Meschia JF, Salomaa V, Havulinna A, Kourkoulis C, Crawford K, Marini S, Mitchell BD, Kittner SJ, Rosand J, Dichgans M, Jern C, Strbian D, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Zand R, Ruigrok Y, Rost N, Lemmens R, Rothwell PM, Anderson CD, Wardlaw J, Lewis CM, Markus HS. Genetic basis of lacunar stroke: a pooled analysis of individual patient data and genome-wide association studies. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:351-361. [PMID: 33773637 PMCID: PMC8062914 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis of lacunar stroke is poorly understood, with a single locus on 16q24 identified to date. We sought to identify novel associations and provide mechanistic insights into the disease. METHODS We did a pooled analysis of data from newly recruited patients with an MRI-confirmed diagnosis of lacunar stroke and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Patients were recruited from hospitals in the UK as part of the UK DNA Lacunar Stroke studies 1 and 2 and from collaborators within the International Stroke Genetics Consortium. Cases and controls were stratified by ancestry and two meta-analyses were done: a European ancestry analysis, and a transethnic analysis that included all ancestry groups. We also did a multi-trait analysis of GWAS, in a joint analysis with a study of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (an aetiologically related radiological trait), to find additional genetic associations. We did a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to detect genes for which expression is associated with lacunar stroke; identified significantly enriched pathways using multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation; and evaluated cardiovascular risk factors causally associated with the disease using mendelian randomisation. FINDINGS Our meta-analysis comprised studies from Europe, the USA, and Australia, including 7338 cases and 254 798 controls, of which 2987 cases (matched with 29 540 controls) were confirmed using MRI. Five loci (ICA1L-WDR12-CARF-NBEAL1, ULK4, SPI1-SLC39A13-PSMC3-RAPSN, ZCCHC14, ZBTB14-EPB41L3) were found to be associated with lacunar stroke in the European or transethnic meta-analyses. A further seven loci (SLC25A44-PMF1-BGLAP, LOX-ZNF474-LOC100505841, FOXF2-FOXQ1, VTA1-GPR126, SH3PXD2A, HTRA1-ARMS2, COL4A2) were found to be associated in the multi-trait analysis with cerebral white matter hyperintensities (n=42 310). Two of the identified loci contain genes (COL4A2 and HTRA1) that are involved in monogenic lacunar stroke. The TWAS identified associations between the expression of six genes (SCL25A44, ULK4, CARF, FAM117B, ICA1L, NBEAL1) and lacunar stroke. Pathway analyses implicated disruption of the extracellular matrix, phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate binding, and roundabout binding (false discovery rate <0·05). Mendelian randomisation analyses identified positive associations of elevated blood pressure, history of smoking, and type 2 diabetes with lacunar stroke. INTERPRETATION Lacunar stroke has a substantial heritable component, with 12 loci now identified that could represent future treatment targets. These loci provide insights into lacunar stroke pathogenesis, highlighting disruption of the vascular extracellular matrix (COL4A2, LOX, SH3PXD2A, GPR126, HTRA1), pericyte differentiation (FOXF2, GPR126), TGF-β signalling (HTRA1), and myelination (ULK4, GPR126) in disease risk. FUNDING British Heart Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Traylor
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elodie Persyn
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Liisa Tomppo
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Klasson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vida Abedi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Mark K Bakker
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nuria Torres
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Sant Pau Institute of Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linxin Li
- Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Bell
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Loes Rutten-Jacobs
- Product Development Personalized Health Care, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Tozer
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph J Griessenauer
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA; Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Annie Pedersen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology of Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Raji P Grewal
- Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Arne Lindgren
- Department of Neurology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Havulinna
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina Kourkoulis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Crawford
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Marini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Kittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Jern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Sant Pau Institute of Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramin Zand
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Ynte Ruigrok
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Natalia Rost
- J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute and Row Fogo Centre for Research into the Ageing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Kuliyev E, Zhang C, Sui D, Hu J. Zinc transporter mutations linked to acrodermatitis enteropathica disrupt function and cause mistrafficking. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100269. [PMID: 33837739 PMCID: PMC7949036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ZIP4 is a representative member of the Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) transporter family and responsible for zinc uptake from diet. Loss-of-function mutations of human ZIP4 (hZIP4) drastically reduce zinc absorption, causing a life-threatening autosomal recessive disorder, acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE). These mutations occur not only in the conserved transmembrane zinc transport machinery, but also in the extracellular domain (ECD) of hZIP4, which is only present in a fraction of mammalian ZIPs. How these AE-causing ECD mutations lead to ZIP4 malfunction has not be fully clarified. In this work, we characterized all seven confirmed AE-causing missense mutations in hZIP4-ECD and found that the variants exhibited completely abolished zinc transport activity in a cell-based transport assay. Although the variants were able to be expressed in HEK293T cells, they failed to traffic to the cell surface and were largely retained in the ER with immature glycosylation. When the corresponding mutations were introduced in the ECD of ZIP4 from Pteropus Alecto, a close homolog of hZIP4, the variants exhibited structural defects or reduced thermal stability, which likely accounts for intracellular mistrafficking of the AE-associated variants and as such a total loss of zinc uptake activity. This work provides a molecular pathogenic mechanism for AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eziz Kuliyev
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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13
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Brito S, Lee MG, Bin BH, Lee JS. Zinc and Its Transporters in Epigenetics. Mol Cells 2020; 43:323-330. [PMID: 32274919 PMCID: PMC7191051 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic events like DNA methylation and histone modification can alter heritable phenotypes. Zinc is required for the activity of various epigenetic enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and histone demethylases, which possess several zinc binding sites. Thus, the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis can lead to epigenetic alterations. Zinc homeostasis is regulated by Zinc Transporters (ZnTs), Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs), and the zinc storage protein metallothionein (MT). Recent advances revealed that ZIPs modulate epigenetics. ZIP10 deficiency was found to result in reduced HATs, confirming its involvement in histone acetylation for rigid skin barrier formation. ZIP13 deficiency, which is associated with Spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS), increases DNMT activity, leading to dysgenesis of dermis via improper gene expressions. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Future molecular studies investigating the involvement of zinc and its transporters in epigenetics are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 6499, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mi-Gi Lee
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 169, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 6499, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 6499, Korea
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14
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Hernández-Gallardo AK, Missirlis F. Cellular iron sensing and regulation: Nuclear IRP1 extends a classic paradigm. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118705. [PMID: 32199885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The classic view is that iron regulatory proteins operate at the post-transcriptional level. Iron Regulatory Protein 1 (IRP1) shifts between an apo-form that binds mRNAs and a holo-form that harbors a [4Fe4S] cluster. The latter form is not considered relevant to iron regulation, but rather thought to act as a non-essential cytosolic aconitase. Recent work in Drosophila, however, shows that holo-IRP1 can also translocate to the nucleus, where it appears to downregulate iron metabolism genes, preparing the cell for a decline in iron uptake. The shifting of IRP1 between states requires a functional mitoNEET pathway that includes a glycogen branching enzyme for the repair or disassembly of IRP1's oxidatively damaged [3Fe4S] cluster. The new findings add to the notion that glucose metabolism is modulated by iron metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that ferritin ferroxidase activity participates in the repair of the IRP1 [3Fe4S] cluster leading to the hypothesis that cytosolic ferritin directly contributes to cellular iron sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav, CDMX, Mexico.
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15
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Zinc Homeostasis in Bone: Zinc Transporters and Bone Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041236. [PMID: 32059605 PMCID: PMC7072862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays critical roles in numerous physiological processes, including bone homeostasis. The majority of zinc in the human body is stored in bone. Zinc is not only a component of bone but also an essential cofactor of many proteins involved in microstructural stability and bone remodeling. There are two types of membrane zinc transporter proteins identified in mammals: the Zrt- and Irt-like protein (ZIP) family and the zinc transporter (ZnT) family. They regulate the influx and efflux of zinc, accounting for the transport of zinc through cellular and intracellular membranes to maintain zinc homeostasis in the cytoplasm and in intracellular compartments, respectively. Abnormal function of certain zinc transporters is associated with an imbalance of bone homeostasis, which may contribute to human bone diseases. Here, we summarize the regulatory roles of zinc transporters in different cell types and the mechanisms underlying related pathological changes involved in bone diseases. We also present perspectives for further studies on bone homeostasis-regulating zinc transporters.
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16
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Loss of the dermis zinc transporter ZIP13 promotes the mildness of fibrosarcoma by inhibiting autophagy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15042. [PMID: 31636298 PMCID: PMC6803768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosarcoma is a skin tumor that is frequently observed in humans, dogs, and cats. Despite unsightly appearance, studies on fibrosarcoma have not significantly progressed, due to a relatively mild tumor severity and a lower incidence than that of other epithelial tumors. Here, we focused on the role of a recently-found dermis zinc transporter, ZIP13, in fibrosarcoma progression. We generated two transformed cell lines from wild-type and ZIP13-KO mice-derived dermal fibroblasts by stably expressing the Simian Virus (SV) 40-T antigen. The ZIP13−/− cell line exhibited an impairment in autophagy, followed by hypersensitivity to nutrient deficiency. The autophagy impairment in the ZIP13−/− cell line was due to the low expression of LC3 gene and protein, and was restored by the DNA demethylating agent, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza) treatment. Moreover, the DNA methyltransferase activity was significantly increased in the ZIP13−/− cell line, indicating the disturbance of epigenetic regulations. Autophagy inhibitors effectively inhibited the growth of fibrosarcoma with relatively minor damages to normal cells in xenograft assay. Our data show that proper control over autophagy and zinc homeostasis could allow for the development of a new therapeutic strategy to treat fibrosarcoma.
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17
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Drosophila ZIP13 is posttranslationally regulated by iron-mediated stabilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1487-1497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Different Actions of Intracellular Zinc Transporters ZIP7 and ZIP13 Are Essential for Dermal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163941. [PMID: 31412620 PMCID: PMC6719138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mesenchymal zinc transporters, ZIP7 and ZIP13, play critical roles in dermal development. ZIP7 and ZIP13 are the closest among the conserved mammalian zinc transporters. However, whether their functions are complementary remains a controversial issue. In the present study, we found that the expression of ZIP13, but not ZIP7, is elevated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) treatment, indicating that TGF-β-mediated ZIP13 amplification is crucial for collagen production during dermal development. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that ~26% of genes are dependent on either ZIP7 or ZIP13, which is greater than the ~17% of genes dependent on both of them. ZIP7 depletion induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in significant inhibition of fibrogenic differentiation. However, ZIP13 depletion does not induce ER stress. Though both ZIP7 and ZIP13 contain traditional ER signal peptides for their intracellular localization, their distributions are distinct. When ZIP7 and ZIP13 are coexpressed, their localizations are distinct; ZIP7 is located on the ER, but ZIP13 is located on both the ER and Golgi, indicating that only ZIP13 is a zinc gatekeeper on the Golgi. Our data illustrate that the different actions of ZIP7 and ZIP13 are crucial for dermal development.
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19
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Richardson CER, Nolan EM, Shoulders MD, Lippard SJ. A Sensitive, Nonradioactive Assay for Zn(II) Uptake into Metazoan Cells. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6807-6815. [PMID: 30381945 PMCID: PMC6437758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive measurements of cellular Zn(II) uptake currently rely on quantitating radioactive emissions from cells treated with 65Zn(II). Here, we describe a straightforward and reliable method employing a stable isotope to sensitively measure Zn(II) uptake by metazoan cells. First, biological medium selectively depleted of natural abundance Zn(II) using A12-resin [Richardson, C. E. R., et al. (2018) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 2413] is restored to physiological levels of Zn(II) by addition of a non-natural Zn(II) isotope distribution comprising 70% 70Zn(II). The resulting 70Zn(II)-enriched medium facilitates quantitation of Zn(II) uptake using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This sensitive and reliable assay assesses Zn(II)-uptake kinetics at early time points and can be used to delineate how chemical and genetic perturbations influence Zn(II) uptake. Further, the use of ICP-MS in a Zn(II)-uptake assay permits simultaneous measurement of multiple metal ion concentrations. We used this capability to show that, across three cell lines, Zn(II) deficiency enhances selectivity for Zn(II) over Cd(II) uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. R. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Bin B, Lee S, Bhin J, Irié T, Kim S, Seo J, Mishima K, Lee T, Hwang D, Fukada T, Cho E. The epithelial zinc transporter
ZIP
10 epigenetically regulates human epidermal homeostasis by modulating histone acetyltransferase activity. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:869-880. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.‐H. Bin
- Basic Research & Innovation Division AmorePacific R&D Unit Yongin 17014 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences Ajou University Suwon 16499Republic of Korea
| | - S.‐H. Lee
- Biosolution Corporation Seoul 01811Republic of Korea
| | - J. Bhin
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis the Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam 1066 CXthe Netherlands
| | - T. Irié
- Division of Pathology Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo 142‐8666Japan
- Division of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Department of Pathology Iwate Medical University Iwate 028‐3694Japan
| | - S. Kim
- Biosolution Corporation Seoul 01811Republic of Korea
| | - J. Seo
- Beauty in Longevity Science Research Division AmorePacific R&D Unit Yongin 17014 Republic of Korea
| | - K. Mishima
- Division of Pathology Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo 142‐8666Japan
| | - T.R. Lee
- Basic Research & Innovation Division AmorePacific R&D Unit Yongin 17014 Republic of Korea
| | - D. Hwang
- Center for Systems Biology of Plant Senescence and Life History Institute for Basic Science Daegu 42988Republic of Korea
| | - T. Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima Bunri University Tokushima 770‐8055 Japan
| | - E.‐G. Cho
- Basic Research & Innovation Division AmorePacific R&D Unit Yongin 17014 Republic of Korea
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Function, Structure, and Transport Aspects of ZIP and ZnT Zinc Transporters in Immune Cells. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9365747. [PMID: 30370308 PMCID: PMC6189677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9365747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an important trace metal in immune systems, and zinc transporters are involved in many immune responses. Recent advances have revealed the structural and biochemical bases for zinc transport across the cell membrane, with clinical implications for the regulation of zinc homeostasis in immune cells like dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and mast cells. In this review, we discuss the function, structure, and transport aspects of two major mammalian zinc transporter types, importers and exporters. First, Zrt-/Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) mediate the zinc influx from the extracellular or luminal side into the cytoplasm. There are 14 ZIP family members in humans. They form a homo- or heterodimer with 8 transmembrane domains and extra-/intracellular domains of various lengths. Several ZIP members show specific extracellular domains composed of two subdomains, a helix-rich domain and proline-alanine-leucine (PAL) motif-containing domain. Second, ZnT (zinc transporter) was initially identified in early studies of zinc biology; it mediates zinc efflux as a counterpart of ZIPs in zinc homeostasis. Ten family members have been identified. They show a unique architecture characterized by a Y-shaped conformation and a large cytoplasmic domain. A precise, comprehensive understanding of the structures and transport mechanisms of ZIP and ZnT in combination with mice experiments would provide promising drug targets as well as a basis for identifying other transporters with therapeutic potential.
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Bowers K, Srai SKS. The trafficking of metal ion transporters of the Zrt- and Irt-like protein family. Traffic 2018; 19:813-822. [PMID: 29952128 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal ion transporters of the Zrt- and Irt-like protein (ZIP, or SLC39A) family transport zinc, iron, manganese and/or cadmium across cellular membranes and into the cytosol. The 14 human ZIP family proteins are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and function in many different cellular processes. Many of these proteins (including ZIP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6/10, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14) are situated, at least some of the time, on the plasma membrane, where they mediate metal ion uptake into cells. Their level on the cell surface can be controlled rapidly via protein trafficking in response to the ions they transport. For example, the cell surface level of many ZIPs (including ZIP1, 3, 4, 8 and 12) is mediated by the available concentration of zinc. Zinc depletion causes a decrease in endocytosis and degradation, resulting in more ZIP on the surface to take up the essential ion. ZIP levels on the cell surface are a balance between endocytosis, recycling and degradation. We review the trafficking mechanisms of human ZIP proteins, highlighting possible targeting motifs and suggesting a model of zinc-mediated endocytic trafficking. We also provide two possible models for ZIP14 trafficking and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bowers
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Surjit K S Srai
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
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Hirose T, Suzuki I, Takahashi N, Fukada T, Tangkawattana P, Takehana K. Morphometric analysis of cornea in the Slc39a13/Zip13-knockout mice. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:814-818. [PMID: 29563392 PMCID: PMC5989028 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of hereditary diseases caused by mutation of extracellular matrix-related genes. Recently, spondylodysplastic EDS-Zip13 (spEDS-Zip13: OMIM 612350) was recognized as a new EDS type. This current study could reveal various morphometric differences of collagenous population in the proper substance of cornea between the wild type and spEDS-Zip13-knockout (Zip13-KO) mice. Blockade of Smad-signaling pathway might initiate these alterations. Predilected dissimilarity in level of transcriptional activity probably dictated morphology of keratocyte and shape and electron density of its nucleus. In addition, the imbalance of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans would also affect the diameter and arrangement of collagen fibrils. These findings would be considered as vulnerable characteristics of corneal stroma of the Zip13-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirose
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ippei Suzuki
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8055, Japan
| | - Prasarn Tangkawattana
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kazushige Takehana
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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The Role of the Slc39a Family of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis in Skin. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020219. [PMID: 29462920 PMCID: PMC5852795 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first manifestations that appear under zinc deficiency are skin defects such as dermatitis, alopecia, acne, eczema, dry, and scaling skin. Several genetic disorders including acrodermatitis enteropathica (also known as Danbolt-Closs syndrome) and Brandt's syndrome are highly related to zinc deficiency. However, the zinc-related molecular mechanisms underlying normal skin development and homeostasis, as well as the mechanism by which disturbed zinc homeostasis causes such skin disorders, are unknown. Recent genomic approaches have revealed the physiological importance of zinc transporters in skin formation and clarified their functional impairment in cutaneous pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the relationships between zinc deficiency and skin disorders, focusing on the roles of zinc transporters in the skin. We also discuss therapeutic outlooks and advantages of controlling zinc levels via zinc transporters to prevent cutaneous disorganization.
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25
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Abstract
The skin is the third most zinc (Zn)-abundant tissue in the body. The skin consists of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, and each fraction is composed of various types of cells. Firstly, we review the physiological functions of Zn and Zn transporters in these cells. Several human disorders accompanied with skin manifestations are caused by mutations or dysregulation in Zn transporters; acrodermatitis enteropathica (Zrt-, Irt-like protein (ZIP)4 in the intestinal epithelium and possibly epidermal basal keratinocytes), the spondylocheiro dysplastic form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (ZIP13 in the dermal fibroblasts), transient neonatal Zn deficiency (Zn transporter (ZnT)2 in the secretory vesicles of mammary glands), and epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ZnT1 in the epidermal keratinocytes). Additionally, acquired Zn deficiency is deeply involved in the development of some diseases related to nutritional deficiencies (acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica, necrolytic migratory erythema, pellagra, and biotin deficiency), alopecia, and delayed wound healing. Therefore, it is important to associate the existence of mutations or dysregulation in Zn transporters and Zn deficiency with skin manifestations.
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26
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Xiao G, Zhou B. ZIP13: A Study of Drosophila Offers an Alternative Explanation for the Corresponding Human Disease. Front Genet 2018; 8:234. [PMID: 29445391 PMCID: PMC5797780 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become an important model organism to investigate metal homeostasis and human diseases. Previously we identified dZIP13 (CG7816), a member of the ZIP transporter family (SLC39A) and presumably a zinc importer, is in fact physiologically primarily responsible to move iron from the cytosol into the secretory compartments in the fly. This review will discuss the implication of this finding for the etiology of Spondylocheirodysplasia-Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (SCD–EDS), a human disease defective in ZIP13. We propose an entirely different model in that lack of iron in the secretory compartment may underlie SCD-EDS. Altogether three different working models are discussed, supported by relevant findings made in different studies, with uncertainties, and questions remained to be solved. We speculate that the distinct ZIP13 sequence features, different from those of all other ZIP family members, may confer it special transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiran Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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27
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Dusanic M, Dekomien G, Lücke T, Vorgerd M, Weis J, Epplen JT, Köhler C, Hoffjan S. Novel Nonsense Mutation in SLC39A13 Initially Presenting as Myopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:100-109. [PMID: 29593477 DOI: 10.1159/000485881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by variable phenotypes. The increasing use of next-generation sequencing allows identification of the causative genes in a much higher percentage of patients with hereditary muscle disorders and also illustrates a considerable degree of overlap with other clinical entities, including connective tissue disorders. Here, we present a 14-year-old German patient who was initially suspected to suffer from myopathy based on his clinical, radiological, and muscle biopsy findings. Exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the SLC39A13 gene, causative for spondylocheiro dysplastic Ehlers Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS), suggesting a connective tissue disorder. Including our patient, only 9 affected individuals from 4 families have been described for SCD-EDS so far. The previously reported patients did not show obvious evidence of myopathy, suggesting a broader clinical presentation than originally suspected. We summarize herein the current knowledge on clinical features as well as pathophysiological pathways for this rare connective tissue disease and discuss the high degree of clinical overlap between myopathic and connective tissue disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Dusanic
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Ruhr (CeSER), Bochum, Germany.,Faculty for Health, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Gabriele Dekomien
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Ruhr (CeSER), Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Ruhr (CeSER), Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Center for Rare Diseases Ruhr (CeSER), Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joerg T Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Ruhr (CeSER), Bochum, Germany.,Faculty for Health, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Cornelia Köhler
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Ruhr (CeSER), Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Ruhr (CeSER), Bochum, Germany
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28
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Recent Advances in the Role of SLC39A/ZIP Zinc Transporters In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122708. [PMID: 29236063 PMCID: PMC5751309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), which is an essential trace element, is involved in numerous mammalian physiological events; therefore, either a deficiency or excess of Zn impairs cellular machineries and influences physiological events, such as systemic growth, bone homeostasis, skin formation, immune responses, endocrine function, and neuronal function. Zn transporters are thought to mainly contribute to Zn homeostasis within cells and in the whole body. Recent genetic, cellular, and molecular studies of Zn transporters highlight the dynamic role of Zn as a signaling mediator linking several cellular events and signaling pathways. Dysfunction in Zn transporters causes various diseases. This review aims to provide an update of Zn transporters and Zn signaling studies and discusses the remaining questions and future directions by focusing on recent progress in determining the roles of SLC39A/ZIP family members in vivo.
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29
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Hojyo S, Bin BH, Fukada T. Dysregulated zinc homeostasis in rare skin disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1394184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hojyo
- Osteoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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30
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Requirement of zinc transporter ZIP10 for epidermal development: Implication of the ZIP10-p63 axis in epithelial homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12243-12248. [PMID: 29078349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710726114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tissues, in particular the epidermis, are severely affected by zinc deficiency. However, the zinc-mediated mechanisms that maintain the cells that form the epidermis have not been established. Here, we report that the zinc transporter ZIP10 is highly expressed in the outer root sheath of hair follicles and plays critical roles in epidermal development. We found that ZIP10 marked epidermal progenitor cell subsets and that ablating Zip10 caused significant epidermal hypoplasia accompanied by down-regulation of the transactivation of p63, a master regulator of epidermal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Both ZIP10 and p63 are significantly increased during epidermal development, in which ZIP10-mediated zinc influx promotes p63 transactivation. Collectively, these results indicate that ZIP10 plays important roles in epidermal development via, at least in part, the ZIP10-zinc-p63 signaling axis, thereby highlighting the physiological significance of zinc regulation in the maintenance of skin epidermis.
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31
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Brady AF, Demirdas S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Ghali N, Giunta C, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kosho T, Mendoza-Londono R, Pope MF, Rohrbach M, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Zschocke J, Malfait F. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, rare types. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175:70-115. [PMID: 28306225 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes comprise a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders, which are characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue friability. In the Villefranche Nosology, six subtypes were recognized: The classical, hypermobile, vascular, kyphoscoliotic, arthrochalasis, and dermatosparaxis subtypes of EDS. Except for the hypermobile subtype, defects had been identified in fibrillar collagens or in collagen-modifying enzymes. Since 1997, a whole spectrum of novel, clinically overlapping, rare EDS-variants have been delineated and genetic defects have been identified in an array of other extracellular matrix genes. Advances in molecular testing have made it possible to now identify the causative mutation for many patients presenting these phenotypes. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge on the rare EDS subtypes and highlight areas for future research. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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32
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Fukunaka A, Fukada T, Bhin J, Suzuki L, Tsuzuki T, Takamine Y, Bin BH, Yoshihara T, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Naito H, Miyatsuka T, Takamiya S, Sasaki T, Inagaki T, Kitamura T, Kajimura S, Watada H, Fujitani Y. Zinc transporter ZIP13 suppresses beige adipocyte biogenesis and energy expenditure by regulating C/EBP-β expression. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006950. [PMID: 28854265 PMCID: PMC5576661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the relevance of beige adipocytes in adult humans, a better understanding of the molecular circuits involved in beige adipocyte biogenesis has provided new insight into human brown adipocyte biology. Genetic mutations in SLC39A13/ZIP13, a member of zinc transporter family, are known to reduce adipose tissue mass in humans; however, the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the Zip13-deficient mouse shows enhanced beige adipocyte biogenesis and energy expenditure, and shows ameliorated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that an accumulation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBP-β) protein, which cooperates with dominant transcriptional co-regulator PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) to determine brown/beige adipocyte lineage, is essential for the enhanced adipocyte browning caused by the loss of ZIP13. Furthermore, ZIP13-mediated zinc transport is a prerequisite for degrading the C/EBP-β protein to inhibit adipocyte browning. Thus, our data reveal an unexpected association between zinc homeostasis and beige adipocyte biogenesis, which may contribute significantly to the development of new therapies for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Inducible brown fat-like cells, named beige adipocytes have recently been a topic of great interest, mainly because they are induced in response to external cues, and are closely associated with adult human brown adipocyte. Therefore, the identification of selective molecular circuits involved in beige adipocyte biogenesis and thermogenesis will enable the selective induction of white adipocyte browning as a therapy for obesity. Here, we show that zinc homeostasis, which is controlled by ZIP13, a protein associated with human disease, is essential for the accurate regulation of beige adipocyte differentiation. Inhibition of ZIP13 function enhances beige adipocyte biogenesis and thermogenesis, highlighting the potential of ZIP13 as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Fukunaka
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- AMED-JST-CREST Program, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luka Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Takamine
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Takamiya
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
- PRESTO-JST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- AMED-JST-CREST Program, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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33
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Bin BH, Bhin J, Seo J, Kim SY, Lee E, Park K, Choi DH, Takagishi T, Hara T, Hwang D, Koseki H, Asada Y, Shimoda S, Mishima K, Fukada T. Requirement of Zinc Transporter SLC39A7/ZIP7 for Dermal Development to Fine-Tune Endoplasmic Reticulum Function by Regulating Protein Disulfide Isomerase. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1682-1691. [PMID: 28545780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the first area that manifests zinc deficiency. However, the molecular mechanisms by which zinc homeostasis affects skin development remain largely unknown. Here, we show that zinc-regulation transporter-/iron-regulation transporter-like protein 7 (ZIP7) localized to the endoplasmic reticulum plays critical roles in connective tissue development. Mice lacking the Slc39a7/Zip7 gene in collagen 1-expressing tissue exhibited dermal dysplasia. Ablation of ZIP7 in mesenchymal stem cells inhibited cell proliferation thereby preventing proper dermis formation, indicating that ZIP7 is required for dermal development. We also found that mesenchymal stem cells lacking ZIP7 accumulated zinc in the endoplasmic reticulum, which triggered zinc-dependent aggregation and inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase, leading to endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. These results suggest that ZIP7 is necessary for endoplasmic reticulum function in mesenchymal stem cells and, as such, is essential for dermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Ho Bin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Seo
- Amorepacific R&D Unit, Beauty in Longevity Science Research Division, Beauty Food Research Team, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Choi
- Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Asada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Oral Anatomy-1, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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Hara T, Takeda TA, Takagishi T, Fukue K, Kambe T, Fukada T. Physiological roles of zinc transporters: molecular and genetic importance in zinc homeostasis. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:283-301. [PMID: 28130681 PMCID: PMC10717645 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral that regulates the expression and activation of biological molecules such as transcription factors, enzymes, adapters, channels, and growth factors, along with their receptors. Zn deficiency or excessive Zn absorption disrupts Zn homeostasis and affects growth, morphogenesis, and immune response, as well as neurosensory and endocrine functions. Zn levels must be adjusted properly to maintain the cellular processes and biological responses necessary for life. Zn transporters regulate Zn levels by controlling Zn influx and efflux between extracellular and intracellular compartments, thus, modulating the Zn concentration and distribution. Although the physiological functions of the Zn transporters remain to be clarified, there is growing evidence that Zn transporters are related to human diseases, and that Zn transporter-mediated Zn ion acts as a signaling factor, called "Zinc signal". Here we describe critical roles of Zn transporters in the body and their contribution at the molecular, biochemical, and genetic levels, and review recently reported disease-related mutations in the Zn transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Takeda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Fukue
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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35
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Bin BH, Bhin J, Kim NH, Lee SH, Jung HS, Seo J, Kim DK, Hwang D, Fukada T, Lee AY, Lee TR, Cho EG. An Acrodermatitis Enteropathica-Associated Zn Transporter, ZIP4, Regulates Human Epidermal Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:874-883. [PMID: 27940220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by scaly eczematous dermatosis accompanied by alopecia and diarrhea. Various mutations in the SLC39A4 gene (ZIP4), which encodes a zinc transporter, are responsible for this disorder. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of ZIP4 in the pathogenesis of this condition has yet to be established. In this study, we report the role of ZIP4 in human epidermis. ZIP4 is predominantly expressed in human keratinocytes, and its expression is dramatically reduced on epidermal differentiation. ZIP4 knockdown in human keratinocytes down-regulates zinc (Zn) levels and the transcriptional activity of a key epidermal Zn-binding protein, ΔNp63, and dysregulates epidermal differentiation in a reconstituted human skin model, resulting in the appearance of proliferating keratinocytes even in the uppermost layers of the skin. We verified that, among the amino acid residues in its Zn-binding motif, Cys205 is critical for the processing and nuclear distribution of ΔNp63 and, therefore, Zn-dependent transcriptional activity. Our results suggest that ZIP4 is essential for maintaining human epidermal homeostasis through the regulation of Zn-dependent ΔNp63 activity and can provide insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cutaneous symptoms observed in Acrodermatitis enteropathica patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Ho Bin
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyon Lee
- Bio Solution Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juyeon Seo
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyum Kim
- Donnelly Centre, Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Hojyo S, Fukada T. Zinc transporters and signaling in physiology and pathogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Roles of Zinc Signaling in the Immune System. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6762343. [PMID: 27872866 PMCID: PMC5107842 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6762343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for basic cell activities such as cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Zn deficiency depresses both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the precise physiological mechanisms of the Zn-mediated regulation of the immune system have been largely unclear. Zn homeostasis is tightly controlled by the coordinated activity of Zn transporters and metallothioneins, which regulate the transport, distribution, and storage of Zn. There is growing evidence that Zn behaves like a signaling molecule, facilitating the transduction of a variety of signaling cascades in response to extracellular stimuli. In this review, we highlight the emerging functional roles of Zn and Zn transporters in immunity, focusing on how crosstalk between Zn and immune-related signaling guides the normal development and function of immune cells.
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Idaira Y, Munemasa T, Fukada T, Shimoda S, Asada Y. Role of Zinc Transporter ZIP13 in Degenerative Changes in Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Idaira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine
| | - Takaaki Munemasa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
- Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnostics, Showa University, School of Dentistry
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine
| | - Yoshinobu Asada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine
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Hennigar SR, McClung JP. Homeostatic regulation of trace mineral transport by ubiquitination of membrane transporters. Nutr Rev 2015; 74:59-67. [PMID: 26611242 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification is a critical mechanism by which trace mineral transporters rapidly adapt to their environment to homeostatically regulate ion transport. Recently, a novel pathway was described whereby iron stimulates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the trace mineral transporter ZIP14. Discovery of this pathway suggests the proteasome as a potential therapeutic target for regulation of iron storage. Moreover, these findings contribute to a theoretical framework that can be applied to other ubiquitinated trace mineral transporters. This review will detail the current state of knowledge regarding the ubiquitination of trace mineral transporters, focusing on iron and zinc transporters, and the potential utility of post-translational modification of trace mineral transporters in the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hennigar
- S.R. Hennigar and J.P. McClung are with the Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P McClung
- S.R. Hennigar and J.P. McClung are with the Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA.
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Kambe T, Tsuji T, Hashimoto A, Itsumura N. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:749-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two zinc transporter families, Zn transporters (ZnT) and Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function in zinc mobilization of influx, efflux, and compartmentalization/sequestration across biological membranes. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular properties, expression, regulation, and cellular and physiological roles of ZnT and ZIP transporters, which underpin the multifarious functions of zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning zinc homeostasis due to zinc transporter dysfunction results in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of each ZnT and ZIP transporter from the perspective of zinc physiology and pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues in their structure and zinc transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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41
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Hirose T, Ogura T, Tanaka K, Minaguchi J, Yamauchi T, Fukada T, Koyama YI, Takehana K. Comparative study of dermal components and plasma TGF-β1 levels in Slc39a13/Zip13-KO mice. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1385-9. [PMID: 26050750 PMCID: PMC4667654 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of disorders caused by abnormalities that are
identified in the extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a
crucial role in formation of the extracellular matrix. It has been reported that the loss
of function of zinc transporter ZRT/IRT-like protein 13 (ZIP13) causes the spondylocheiro
dysplastic form of EDS (SCD-EDS: OMIM 612350), in which dysregulation of the TGF-β1
signaling pathway is observed, although the relationship between the dermis abnormalities
and peripheral TGF-β1 level has been unclear. We investigated the characteristics of the
dermis of the Zip13-knockout (KO) mouse, an animal model for SCD-EDS.
Both the ratio of dermatan sulfate (DS) in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components and the
amount of collagen were decreased, and there were very few collagen fibrils with diameters
of more than 150 nm in Zip13-KO mice dermis. We also found that the
TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in Zip13-KO mice serum. These
results suggest that collagen synthesis and collagen fibril fusion might be impaired in
Zip13-KO mice and that the possible decrease of decorin level by
reduction of the DS ratio probably caused an increase of free TGF-β1 in
Zip13-KO mice. In conclusion, skin fragility due to defective
ZIP13 protein may be attributable to impaired extracellular matrix
synthesis accompanied by abnormal peripheral TGF-β homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirose
- Department of Veterinary Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Van Damme T, Syx D, Coucke P, Symoens S, De Paepe A, Malfait F. Genetics of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: more than collagen disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1022528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Merulla J, Soldà T, Molinari M. A novel UGGT1 and p97-dependent checkpoint for native ectodomains with ionizable intramembrane residue. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1532-42. [PMID: 25694454 PMCID: PMC4395132 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is unexpected collaboration of the cytosolic AAA-ATPase p97 and the luminal quality control factor UGGT1 in a novel, BiP- and CNX-independent protein quality checkpoint. This prevents Golgi transport of a chimera with a native ectodomain that passes the luminal quality control scrutiny but displays an intramembrane defect. Only native polypeptides are released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to be transported at the site of activity. Persistently misfolded proteins are retained and eventually selected for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The paradox of a structure-based protein quality control is that functional polypeptides may be destroyed if they are architecturally unfit. This has health-threatening implications, as shown by the numerous “loss-of-function” proteopathies, but also offers chances to intervene pharmacologically to promote bypassing of the quality control inspection and export of the mutant, yet functional protein. Here we challenged the ER of human cells with four modular glycopolypeptides designed to alert luminal and membrane protein quality checkpoints. Our analysis reveals the unexpected collaboration of the cytosolic AAA-ATPase p97 and the luminal quality control factor UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT1) in a novel, BiP- and CNX-independent checkpoint. This prevents Golgi transport of a chimera with a native ectodomain that passes the luminal quality control scrutiny but displays an intramembrane defect. Given that human proteopathies may result from impaired transport of functional polypeptides with minor structural defects, identification of quality checkpoints and treatments to bypass them as shown here upon silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of UGGT1 or p97 may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Merulla
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bin BH, Hojyo S, Ryong Lee T, Fukada T. Spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS) and the mutant zinc transporter ZIP13. Rare Dis 2014; 2:e974982. [PMID: 26942106 PMCID: PMC4755239 DOI: 10.4161/21675511.2014.974982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc transporter protein ZIP13 plays crucial roles in bone, tooth, and connective tissue development, and its dysfunction is responsible for the spondylocheirodysplastic form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS, OMIM 612350). We recently reported that the pathogenic mutations in ZIP13 reduce its functional protein level by accelerating the protein degradation via the VCP-linked ubiquitin proteasome pathway, resulting in the disturbance of intracellular zinc homeostasis that appears to contribute to SCD-EDS pathogenesis. Finally, we implicate that possible therapeutic approaches for SCD-EDS would be based on regulating the degradation of the pathogenic mutant ZIP13 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Ho Bin
- Bioscience Research Institute; Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center; Yongin, Republic of Korea; Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University, Shinagawa, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin; Osteoimmunology; Berlin, Germany; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Bioscience Research Institute; Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center ; Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University, Shinagawa, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; Yokohama, Japan
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