1
|
Moran JB, Wang W, Testa M, Hone LSE. The Relationship Between Men's Sociosexuality, Drinking Intake, and Blackouts. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39010672 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2352097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Sociosexuality-attitudes, behaviors, and desires related to casual sex-partly predicts drinking behavior in both men and women because drinking is thought to facilitate interactions that lead to casual sex. It follows that sociosexuality would predict drinking intake (e.g., quantity consumed)-but perhaps not drinking consequences (e.g., blacking out)-on the premise that drinking large quantities with high frequency (but not to such high degrees/levels of intoxication that negative consequences occur) would facilitate casual sex. Objectives: This set of studies evaluated whether baseline measures of sociosexuality predict drinking intake (i.e., frequency, quantity, and binge drinking) but not experiencing blacking out at follow-up in two samples (Study 1, N = 172; Study 2, N = 1,038) of college-aged men. Results: As predicted, men's sociosexuality prospectively predicted drinking frequency, quantity, and binge drinking. Contrary to our predictions, men's sociosexuality also predicted blacking out. Conclusions: College men's drinking interventions should be tailored to high-risk groups and consider individual differences like sociosexuality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Moran
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Liana S E Hone
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sell NM, Testa M. Precollege Risk Markers for College Rape and Verbal Sexual Coercion: Same or Different? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:3261-3281. [PMID: 38345012 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241229722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Verbal sexual coercion (VSC) and rape are common experiences among college women. Although they have been theorized to involve different risk markers, few prospective studies have examined predictors of VSC and rape separately. The present prospective study was designed to identify precollege risk markers for VSC and rape in first-year college women, with the goal of considering the degree to which they overlap or differ. Women (N = 449) recruited from the community just prior to high school graduation completed measures of sexual victimization (SV) since age 14 but prior to college, sexual refusal assertiveness, high school heavy episodic drinking (HED), college drinking intentions, and sociosexuality. Follow-up surveys at the end of the first and second college semesters assessed VSC and rape. Using the Sexual Experiences Survey's severity scoring method, women were classified into one of three groups according to the most severe type of SV reported in the first year of college: neither VSC nor rape (71%), VSC (16%), and rape (13%). Most women who experienced rape (73%) also experienced VSC. Precollege SV and college drinking intentions predicted both rape and VSC. Sexual refusal assertiveness and high school HED did not independently predict either form of victimization. Sociosexuality predicted rape but not VSC. Findings suggest a substantial overlap in the predictors of VSC and rape and support the severity continuum underlying many conceptualizations of SV.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gesser N, Eby FG, Anderson RE. Motives for Sex and Sexual Perpetration in College Men: An Exploratory Study. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 36:486-506. [PMID: 37455145 DOI: 10.1177/10790632231190080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research has rarely focused on sexual motives (e.g., motives for having sex) when studying sexual violence perpetration prevention. The current study examined the role of sexual motives alongside other risk factors like alcohol expectancies in predicting sexual violence. METHOD We analyzed data from 205 male college students; 36% reported sexual perpetration of some type. Participants completed a series of questionnaires in a randomized order, including: measures of prior sexual perpetration, sexual motives, rape myth acceptance, alcohol expectancies, and a measure of social desirability. Data were analyzed using a series of T-tests and logistic regressions. RESULTS With one exception (coping motives), all sexual motives (intimacy, enhancement, self-affirmation, peer approval, and partner approval) were endorsed at higher levels by individuals who perpetrated sexual violence than those who did not (p < .05, Cohen's d = .25-.56). The partner approval motive significantly predicted sexual violence perpetration on its own. The enhancement motive, both independently and in interaction with alcohol expectancies for aggression, predicted sexual violence perpetration. Two other motives, intimacy and self-affirmation, were only significant in interaction with alcohol expectancies for aggression. CONCLUSION All sexual motives were endorsed more frequently by those who perpetrated sexual violence than those who did not. Sexual motives had a complex interaction with alcohol expectancies in predicting sexual violence perpetration. The results suggest that intervention programs should emphasize healthy, consensual sexual relationships that do not involve alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gesser
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - F G Eby
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - R E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Treat TA, Viken RJ, Westemeier O, Corbin WR. College men's use of protective behavioral strategies for sexual aggression, risky sexual behavior, and heavy episodic drinking. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024; 38:360-371. [PMID: 37956027 PMCID: PMC11065594 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sexually aggressive behavior (SAB), risky sexual behavior (RSB), and heavy episodic drinking (HED) are serious behavioral health problems among college men. The present study substantially revises and validates protective behavioral strategies (PBS) measures in the SAB and RSB domains; evaluates the relations among PBS usage in the SAB, RSB, and HED domains; and determines whether college men with SAB, RSB, or HED histories report lower PBS usage. METHOD College students who identified as men (n = 1,121) completed measures of PBS, SAB, RSB, HED, rape-supportive attitudes, sociosexuality, and bar/party attendance. RESULTS Factor analyses resulted in three PBS scales (SAB, RSB-General, and RSB-Protection) that showed good fit and cross-validated well. Average scores for all four PBS measures converged moderately to strongly. Men reporting histories of SAB, RSB, or HED reported much lower domain-specific PBS use, and domain-specific PBS predicted concurrent SAB, RSB, or HED in the presence of other established predictors. CONCLUSIONS Four well-developed and validated PBS measures now provide an expanded set of potential harm-reduction strategies for college men who drink and engage in sexual activity. Given the strong concurrent associations between PBS use and problems, as well as the interrelatedness of PBS use across domains, future research should examine the impact of simultaneous personalized normative feedback on PBS use across alcohol and sexual domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
5
|
Holloway JM, Klein T, Wiersma-Mosley JD, Jozkowski KN, Terrell A, James L. Experiences of sexual assault and rape among college students with disabilities. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:761-767. [PMID: 35380930 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2057190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective and Methods: The study examined sexual victimization among college students with disabilities (n = 187) using an online survey at a large southern university. Students reported one or multiple disabilities: physical disabilities, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), learning disabilities, and emotional disabilities, with most students reporting more than one disability. Results: Overall, 71% of the sample experienced one or more types of lifetime sexual assault and/or rape, and 51% reported sexual victimization since attending the university. There were no significant differences in experiencing sexual assault and/or rape between students with one disability compared to students with more than one disability. Conclusions: Considering the high rates of sexual victimization among students with disabilities, and the dearth of research focusing on the context of sexual assault in this population, future research and research-based prevention initiatives are needed. Findings can inform future prevention efforts to address sexual violence among students with disabilities on campuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby Klein
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Laura James
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peterson R, Dvorak RD, De Leon AN, Klaver SJ, Burr EK, Maynard MH, Hayden ER. Examination of the Sexual and Negative Dating Inventory (SANDI) Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: An Analysis of Psychometrics and Outcomes. Psychiatry 2024; 87:82-95. [PMID: 38285177 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2024.2303719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
ObjectiveAdverse sexual experiences (ASE), including sexual violence, sexual risk behaviors, and regretted sex, are highly prevalent among sexual and gender minorities (SGM) compared to cisgender and heterosexual individuals. Research indicates ASEs are associated with increased mental health symptomatology and decreased subsequent protective behavior use. The Sexual and Negative Dating Inventory (SANDI) measures dating and sexual protective strategies and includes five factors: Location Sharing, Assertiveness, Self-Protection, Risk Reduction and Privacy. SANDI total scores are linked to lower ASEs in heteronormative samples. Method: SANDI was previously validated in a sample of n = 1,289 college students. Data were examined from n = 313 (24.28%) SGM individuals at baseline, and n = 95 at one-month follow-up. Individuals were 19.70 (2.98 SD) years old, and 25% were non-white. Model fit was adequate for SGM: χ2(484) = 1729.621, p < .001, CFI = .947, RMSEA = .063 (90% CI = .060, .066), SRMR = .048. Results: Non-cisgender men and non-heterosexual individuals endorse using more of the SANDI at the factor level. Using logistic regression, SANDI was not associated with history of sexual violence or sexual violence over the next month. SANDI is inversely associated with history of sexual risk and prospectively associated with less sexual risk over the next month. Negative binomial regression analyses showed SANDI was not associated with a history of regretted sex; however, SANDI was moderately associated with decreased regretted sex over the next month. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of dating and sexual protective behaviors across dimensions of gender and sexual orientation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Spencer CM, Rivas-Koehl M, Astle S, Toews ML, McAlister P, Anders KM. Factors Correlated With Sexual Assault Victimization Among College Students in the United States: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:246-259. [PMID: 36722372 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221146800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault (SA) continues to be a serious problem on college campuses in the United States. This meta-analysis sought to identify correlates for SA victimization on college campuses, as well as examine if there were any differences in correlates for men and women. Database searches utilizing Boolean search terms were used to identify studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Studies were included if they provided quantitative data on correlates for SA victimization among college students. A total of 118 studies yielding 405 unique effect sizes were included in this study. The strongest correlates for SA victimization among college students were physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, physical IPV victimization, emotional IPV victimization, and prior SA victimization. Other significant correlates were related to mental health (e.g., hopelessness, suicidal ideation, trauma symptoms, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms), and factors related to a campus party culture (e.g., binge drinking, alcohol use, drug use, Greek membership). We were able to compare seven correlates between men and women. Results of the meta-analysis also highlight the need for future research to examine additional correlates for SA victimization, as well as examine race/ethnicity and gender as separate categories when trying to further understand correlates for SA victimization.
Collapse
|
8
|
Anderson JC, Nguyen MU, Huynh W, Sharif K, Moret JED. Enhancing Campus Safety: Exploring Student Perspectives on a Text Message-Delivered Intervention for Addressing Sexual Violence and Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2024; 20:30-42. [PMID: 38019029 PMCID: PMC10922041 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related sexual violence, including sexual coercion, nonconsensual contact, and rape, is prevalent on college campuses. AIM The purpose of the study was to investigate college students' feedback and recommendations regarding content for a text-message-delivered harm reduction intervention to jointly address alcohol use and alcohol's role in sexual violence risk. METHODS This qualitative thematic study used focus groups and individual interviews to collect feedback from 61 college students between February 2019 and July 2020. RESULTS Targeted recruitment resulted in a sample that was nearly half queer/ lesbian, gay, bisexual (46.2%) or trans* (9.8%) identified students. Participants endorsed text messaging as an effective way to reach college students but diverged in specific content they felt was relevant and appropriate for a universal education intervention. Students preferred content describing individual strategies versus those requiring collaboration from friends or potential sex partners. Students also preferred content phrased as suggestions or questions versus declarative statements. Although most participants recognized the value of content related to consent, sexual violence, sexual health, and resources, a few male-identifying participants failed to recognize that content as important to their experience. Maintaining brevity while discussing consent in the overlapping settings of drinking and interpersonal relationships was described as a particular challenge. IMPACT OF THIS WORK ON CAMPUS SEXUAL ASSAULT AND FORENSIC NURSING Students in our sample highlighted the challenges of sharing sexual violence and alcohol-related harm reduction text messaging because of the complexities of rape culture, consent, and interpersonal dynamics during college student drinking events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn C. Anderson
- Associate Professor; College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Science; 4301 West Markhan Street, Slot 529, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Meghan U. Nguyen
- Undergraduate Research Assistant; Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Wendy Huynh
- Undergraduate Research Assistant; Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Khadeeja Sharif
- Undergraduate Research Assistant; Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Jessica E. Draughon Moret
- Associate Professor; Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis @DrDraughon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orchowski LM, Merrill JE, Oesterle DW, Barnett NP, Borsari B, Zlotnick C, Haikalis MP, Bekowitz AD. Integrated Alcohol Use and Sexual Assault Prevention Program for College Men Who Engage in Heavy Drinking: Randomized Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47354. [PMID: 37995129 DOI: 10.2196/47354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual assault is prevalent on college campuses and most commonly is perpetrated by men. Problematically, there is a dearth of evidence-based prevention programs targeting men as perpetrators of sexual aggression. The Sexual Assault and Alcohol Feedback and Education (SAFE) program is an integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention intervention for college men who engage in heavy drinking that aims to address sexual aggression proclivity and alcohol use outcomes by incorporating social norms theory, bystander intervention, and motivational interviewing. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the initial feasibility-, acceptability-, and efficacy-related outcomes of a randomized pilot trial of an integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention program for college men who engage in heavy drinking. METHODS This study included 115 college men who engaged in heavy drinking, who were randomly assigned to the SAFE program or a mindfulness-based control condition (MBCC). The feasibility of implementation, adequacy of participant retention, fidelity and competency of program administration, and satisfaction and utility of the intervention were evaluated. The primary outcomes of alcohol use and sexual aggression were evaluated at 2 and 6 months after baseline. The secondary outcomes of perceived peer norms, risks for sexual aggression, and bystander intervention were also assessed. The extent to which the motivational interviewing session with personalized normative feedback facilitated changes in the proximal outcomes of drinking intentions, motivation to change, and self-efficacy was also examined. RESULTS The study procedures resulted in high program completion and retention (>80%), high fidelity to the program manual (>80% of the content included), high competency in program administration, and high ratings of satisfaction and program utility in addressing sexual relationships and alcohol use. Both groups reported declines in the number of drinks per week and number of heavy drinking days. Compared with the MBCC participants, the SAFE participants reported higher motivation to change alcohol use after the program, as well as greater use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies at 6 months. Compared with the MBCC participants, the SAFE participants also reported lower perceived peer engagement in sexual coercion, perceived peer comfort with sexism, and peer drinking norms at 2 and 6 months. However, no group differences were observed in sexual aggression severity, rape myth acceptance, or the labeling of sexual consent. Results regarding bystander intervention intentions were mixed, with the MBCC group showing decreased intentions at 2 months and the SAFE group reporting increased intentions at both 2 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide promising evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, utility, and preliminary efficacy of the SAFE program in reducing alcohol use and positively influencing perceived peer norms and intentions for bystander intervention among college men who drink. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05773027; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05773027.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Orchowski
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Brown University/Lifespan Center for Digital Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daniel W Oesterle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Caron Zlotnick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michelle P Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alan D Bekowitz
- Indepedent Researcher and Practitioner, Mount Shasta, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marcantonio TL, Jozkowski KN, Parrott DJ, Ham LS. Examining the Moderating Role of Heavy Drinking Behaviors and Precarious Masculinity on Sexual Aggression Among Young Adult Men. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2023; 84:921-927. [PMID: 37306375 PMCID: PMC10765977 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.22-00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men's heavy drinking behaviors are related to their engagement in sexual aggression and may be amplified by other factors, such as precarious masculinity (i.e., perceiving masculinity as tenuous in nature). Yet, researchers' understanding of how alcohol consumption, in combination with precarious masculinity, may increase risk of sexual aggression is lacking. The goal of this study was to assess if precarious masculinity moderated the relationship between men's heavy drinking and their sexual aggression. METHOD Young adult men (958 men, M age = 21.1 years, SD = 3.1) completed a web-administered questionnaire assessing sexual aggression, heavy drinking, and precarious masculinity. RESULTS We ran a logistic regression examining the association between heavy drinking, precarious masculinity, and their interactive effect on men's engagement in sexual aggression. Heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17) and precarious masculinity (OR = 1.73) were independently and positively associated with men's sexual aggression; however, the interaction was not significant. CONCLUSIONS In line with prior research, men's heavy drinking behaviors continue to be positively associated with sexual aggression. Building on masculinity literature, men viewing their masculinity as precarious and vulnerable appears to be associated with sexual aggression, potentially because engaging in sexual aggression can offset men's masculinity insecurities. Collectively, results suggest that both alcohol consumption and masculinity should be targeted in sexual assault prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L. Marcantonio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
- Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Kristen N. Jozkowski
- Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health–Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Dominic J. Parrott
- Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lindsay S. Ham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spencer CM, Rivas-Koehl M, Astle S, Toews ML, Anders KM, McAllister P. Risk Markers for Male Perpetration of Sexual Assault on College Campuses: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2486-2497. [PMID: 35549772 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221097437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault (SA) on college campuses remains a prominent public health issue. This meta-analysis focuses on identifying all potential risk markers for college male SA perpetration. Using standard search procedures, a total of 25 studies yielding 89 unique effect sizes were included in the study. Significant risk markers were related to hegemonic masculinity (e.g., peer approval of SA, rape myth acceptance, sexist beliefs, hostility towards women), other forms of dating violence perpetration (e.g., physical and psychological dating violence perpetration), and the college party culture (e.g., binge drinking, alcohol and substance use, frequency of hook-ups). Psychological dating violence victimization, athletic team membership, race/ethnicity, relationship status, and religiosity were not significant risk markers for SA perpetration. Findings support potential benefits of SA prevention efforts prioritizing peer education/student leaders modeling SA disapproval, challenging hegemonic masculinity, healthy relationship and sexual education, as well as alcohol and substance use awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Spencer
- Couple and Family Therapy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Matthew Rivas-Koehl
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Shelby Astle
- Applied Family Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Michelle L Toews
- Applied Family Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kristin M Anders
- Applied Family Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Paige McAllister
- Couple and Family Therapy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Orchowski LM, Meerhaeghe BM, Lane AR, Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Berry-Cabán CS. The Intersection between Alcohol use and Sexual Activity among Young Adult Male U.S. Service Members. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2023; 19:e174501792308080. [PMID: 37916209 PMCID: PMC10507211 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-230809-2023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Aims The current study explores drinking habits, preferences for alcohol use before sexual activity, and alcohol-related sexual behavior among young adult male active duty service members in the United States. Background Hazardous alcohol use is a significant problem among United States military service members. Whereas the association between alcohol use and sexual assault is well documented in civilian samples, less is known regarding the intersection of alcohol use and sexual activity among soldiers. Objective Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize drinking habits, preferences for alcohol use before sexual activity, and alcohol-related sexual behavior. Methods A sample of 338 active-duty male service members between the ages of 18 and 24 were recruited from a large military post in the Southeastern United States. Constructs were assessed using self-report surveys. Results Participants reported consuming alcohol, on average, 5.6 times over the prior month. Average alcohol consumption was reported to be 7.8 beverages per drinking occasion. Participants reported engaging in heavy drinking an average of 2.9 times over the past 30 days. On average, service members reported a preference for 1.3 drinks before sexual activity. Furthermore, 75.2% of participants preferred to be sober during sex, and 82.1% preferred to engage in sexual activity with a sober partner. Approximately 14% of the sample reported using alcohol to improve their chances of having sex. Conclusion These findings highlight high rates of alcohol use among soldiers. Nonetheless, young adult male soldiers report a preference for sexual activity while sober. Understanding the co-occurrence of alcohol use and sexual activity has the potential to inform the development of integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention programs for service members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Alpert Medical School of Brown University Staff Psychologist, Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | - Bryce M Meerhaeghe
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, United States
| | - Amber R. Lane
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty, NC, United States
| | - Donna M. Kazemi
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA. and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oesterle DW, Eckhardt CI, Parrott DJ. Impulsivity and Reactive-Proactive Aggression as Mechanisms of Alcohol-Related Sexual Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among Romantic Partners. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1761-1770. [PMID: 37614061 PMCID: PMC10538412 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2247074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexual intimate partner violence (S-IPV) commonly occurs within the contexts of committed romantic relationshops. Prior research has demonstrated the existence of a robust link between alcohol use and S-IPV. Despite this, few research studies have explored the etiological underpinnings of alcohol-related S-IPV perpetration, specifically. The present study examines the role of several key factors (i.e., problematic drinking, negative and positive urgency, proactive and reactive aggression) on S-IPV perpetration. Methods: Participants were 337 heavy drinking men and women in intimate relatinships who reported perpetrating some form of IPV toward their current partner within the past-year. A moderated-mediation model was used to determine how the key study variables interacted to predict S-IPV perpetration. Results: Results indicated that problematic drinking was positively correlated with both negative urgency and positive uregency. Findings also revealed that negative urgency, positive urgency, proactive aggression, and reactive aggression were all positively related to S-IPV perpetration. The indirect relationship between problematic drinking and S-IPV perpetration was mediated by positive urgency. Additionally, a significant main effect of proactive aggression on S-IPV perpetration was also detected. Conclusions: These findings suggest that impulsivity, specifically positive urgency, and proactive aggression may be under-appreciated constructs within the existing sexual aggression literature, and future research examining these variables as mechanisms explaining the association between the alcohol and S-IPV is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Oesterle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marcantonio TL, Leone RM, O’Neil AM, Jozkowski KN. Sexual and Gender Minority Men's Bystander Behaviors and Barriers in Response to Witnessing Minor Sexual Aggression. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2023; 13:319-328. [PMID: 37485438 PMCID: PMC10358722 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Sexual and gender minority (SGM) men experience sexual assault victimization. Encouraging people to become involved when they witness high-risk sexual situations as a prosocial bystander is one preventative mechanism to address sexual assault victimization. However, research assessing the extent that SGM men will intervene when they witness a concerning male-to-male sexual situation and barriers that prevent intervention is lacking. We sought to address these gaps. Method SGM men (n = 323, Mage = 39.4, range 18-77) completed a web-administered survey. Participants were asked if they had witnessed a high-risk sexual situation and, if so, to describe how they intervened; if they did not intervene, they were asked to explain why not. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Nearly 50% (n = 157) of participants reported witnessing a situation that may require intervention, of those men 40% reported involvement. When SGM men intervened, their behaviors included direct and indirect verbal and nonverbal strategies. Reasons for not intervening included not appraising the situation as risky, not viewing it as their responsibility to intervene, or lacking the self-efficacy to act. Conclusion SGM men reported similar barriers to intervention that heterosexual young adults encounter. Participants also provided a variety of intervention tactics that could be included in bystander intervention initiatives to increase their effectiveness and inclusivity. Additional efforts are needed to modify intervention initiatives at both the individual and community level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew M. O’Neil
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Public and Community Health
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. It's not just drinking, but where you drink: A daily diary study of drinking venue effects on sexual activity with new partners. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107607. [PMID: 36652812 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that young adults' drinking is positively associated with sexual activity with new partners. While pharmacologic effects of alcohol (e.g., impaired sexual decision-making) can contribute to sexual activity with new partners, the context in which alcohol is consumed may also be important. We tested the hypothesis that drinking venues such as parties and bars increase the likelihood of sexual activity with new partners beyond any pharmacological effects of drinking quantity. Participants were 427 first-year men (aged 18-19). They reported on their relationship status and sociosexuality (i.e., attitudes/behaviors related to casual sex) at baseline and completed daily diary reports of drinking events (including number of drinks and venue) and sexual activity with new or previous partners over the span of 56 days. Drinking events at parties/bars (but not at home) increased the odds of sexual activity in the next four hours with new partners (but not with previous partners), even after controlling for the number of drinks consumed. Parties/bars are an integral part of facilitating sexual activity with new partners, and have effects independent of pharmacological alcohol effects, which has implications for reducing alcohol-related risky sexual activity. Interventions should not only target alcohol consumption, but where consumption takes place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana S E Hone
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parrott DJ, Bresin K, Hequembourg A, Velia B, Swartout KM, Stappenbeck CA, Masyn KE, Grom JL. Dyadic effects of minority stress and problematic alcohol use on sexual intimate partner violence in same sex couples. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:198-208. [PMID: 36693274 PMCID: PMC10089976 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the factors that facilitate the perpetration of sexual violence within the context of same-sex romantic relationships (sexual intimate partner violence perpetration [S-IPV]). The present study sought to identify the effects of external and internal minority stress and problematic drinking on perpetration of S-IPV within a dyadic framework. A community-based sample of 137 sexual and gender minority (SGM) couples (N = 274; 59 male assigned at birth and 78 female assigned at birth couples) completed self-report surveys about minority stressors, alcohol use, and S-IPV perpetration. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted within an actor-partner interdependence framework. This approach accounted for both actor effects (e.g., how much one's S-IPV perpetration is predicted by their own risk factors) and partner effects (e.g., how much one's S-IPV perpetration is influenced by their partner's risk factors). Both Actor external minority stress and internal minority stress were positively associated with Actor S-IPV perpetration. Actor problematic drinking was not associated with Actor S-IPV perpetration; however, Partner problematic drinking was positively associated with Actor S-IPV perpetration. Observed effects were robust above the addition of other risk factors. This research innovatively extricates S-IPV perpetration from other forms of IPV and indicates that Actor minority stress and Partner problematic drinking increase S-IPV likelihood. Results serve as a starting point for development of etiological models to inform the design of culturally-informed interventions to reduce S-IPV among SGM couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Parrott
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Konrad Bresin
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amy Hequembourg
- School of Nursing, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brynne Velia
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin M Swartout
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Masyn
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica L Grom
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ray TN, Parkhill MR. Components of Hostile Masculinity and Their Associations With Male-Perpetrated Sexual Aggression Toward Women: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:355-368. [PMID: 34227432 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hostile masculinity and its components (i.e., sexual dominance, hostility toward women, adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance, and acceptance of interpersonal violence) have received considerable research attention as predictors of male-perpetrated sexual aggression toward women. The current systematic review sought to synthesize and organize the extant literature. Studies were included in the systematic review if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal between the years 1990 and 2020, contained a male sample within the United States, analyzed quantitative data, and examined at least one component of hostile masculinity and its association with sexual aggression. Literature searches were conducted in three academic databases, and additional records were identified through references sections from known hostile masculinity research. A total of 95 articles met inclusion criteria and were integrated into the overview of results. The reviewed literature provided broad support for the association between hostile masculinity and sexual aggression, including evidence for the theoretical framework posited by the confluence model of sexual aggression. Prevention efforts are likely to find success by modifying hostile masculine characteristics among men, particularly within problematic environmental contexts. However, the review also highlighted the need for a uniform conceptualization and operational definition of hostile masculinity. Additionally, empirical work with diverse samples is necessary to determine the scope of generalizability and potential subcultural distinctions. Future research that addresses these limitations will contribute to the understanding and prevention of sexual aggression beyond what is provided by the extant literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis N Ray
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ajayi AI, Alex-Ojei CA, Ahinkorah BO. Sexual violence among young women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, reporting and care-seeking behaviours. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:286-300. [PMID: 37545979 PMCID: PMC10398436 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies, mostly hospital-based, have examined sexual violence among young people women in Nigeria. We examined the prevalence, correlates, perpetrators, reporting of and health-seeking behaviour for sexual violence using data of 395 young women (aged 17-24) obtained from a Nigerian university. METHODS We selected participants using stratified sampling and defined sexual violence as sexual acts or attempts to obtain sexual acts by violence or coercion by any person irrespective of their relationship to the victim. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the data obtained. RESULTS Our analysis shows that 39.5% of the respondents had experienced some form of sexual violence. Adequate family financial support was protective against sexual violence after adjusting for all background characteristics (AOR: 0.60 95% CI: 0.39-0.93). However, young women who use alcohol had higher odds of reporting sexual violence experience than those who never used alcohol. In most cases (78.5%), perpetrators were well known to the victims. Only 3.3% of sexual violence cases were reported to law enforcement agencies and just 13.1% of victims sought care from health providers. CONCLUSION Sexual violence occurs at a tragically high frequency, and victims rarely report incidents to law enforcement agencies or access the much-needed care. The findings suggest a need for interventions that address why victims of sexual violence rarely report to law enforcement or seek care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Idowu Ajayi
- Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, Child and Adolescent Health (SRMNCAH) Unit, African Population and Health Research Centre, APHRC Campus, Manga Close, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Woerner J, Fissel ER, Flori JN, Memphis RN. Problem Drinking is Associated with Intimate Partner Cyber Abuse Perpetration but is Buffered by High Relationship Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36817845 PMCID: PMC9925923 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Intimate partner cyber abuse (IPCA) is a prevalent form of intimate partner violence (IPV) that has detrimental effects on victims' well-being. Although research has documented associations with other forms of IPV perpetration, additional research is needed to identify IPCA perpetration risk factors. One of the most common risk factors for offline IPV is perpetrators' alcohol use; however, less is known about how this translates to online contexts. There is also a need to identify protective factors that mitigate the effects of alcohol. Methods This study evaluated associations between drinking, relationship satisfaction, and IPCA perpetration via self-report questionnaires within a longitudinal framework. Participants included 544 adults in an intimate relationship (n = 296 at T2). Results Results indicated that relationship satisfaction buffered the effects of problem drinking on IPCA perpetration at T1, but not at T2. Further, 20.2% of individuals who perpetrated IPCA at T1 drank alcohol during at least one incident, and these individuals reported more problem drinking and more frequent IPCA perpetration compared to those who reported IPCA without alcohol. Conclusion Results from this study provide insight into both risk and protective factors for IPCA perpetration among adults and have the potential to guide concurrent prevention strategies that target intersections between problem drinking, IPCA, and offline IPV, and promote healthy and satisfying intimate relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Woerner
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Erica R. Fissel
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Jessica N. Flori
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Robyn N. Memphis
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kilpatrick DG, Hahn CK. Understanding and Addressing Alcohol and Sexual Violence: We Have Made Progress but Still Have Miles to Go. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24426-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
21
|
Parrott DJ, Leone RM, Schipani-McLaughlin AM, Salazar LF, Nizam Z, Gilmore A. Alcohol-Related Sexual Violence Perpetration Toward Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: A Critical Review and Call to Action. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24426-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
22
|
Orchowski LM, Berkowitz A, Oesterle D, Berry-Cabán C, Borsari B, Kahler CW, Kazemi DM. Correlates of Bystander Intervention Attitudes and Intentions Among Young Adult Active Duty Male Soldiers. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP23262-NP23280. [PMID: 35331029 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221080151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault is a significant problem within the United States military. Bystander intervention skills training is recognized as a promising strategy for sexual assault prevention within both civilian and military populations. Sexual assault prevention programs which include training in bystander intervention teach individuals to notice situations that may pose a risk for harm and safely act to positively influence the outcome. This study examines correlates of bystander intervention attitudes and intentions among young adult active duty male soldiers (N = 282) between the ages of 18 and 24. Positive bystander intervention attitudes and intentions were associated with lower levels of rape myth acceptance, greater discomfort with sexism, lower likelihood of continuing an unwanted sexual advance after verbal resistance from a partner, greater likelihood of gaining verbal consent from a partner, and greater perceived peer approval for bystander intervention. In a multiple regression, perceived peer approval for bystander intervention and self-reported lower likelihood of continuing a sexual advance after verbal resistance from a partner emerged as significant predictors of positive bystander intervention attitudes and intentions (R2 = .41). Given that perceptions of peer norms are modifiable, these findings highlight the importance of addressing peer norms in bystander intervention training programs for military personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 12321Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher W Kahler
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences in the Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, RI, USA
| | - Donna M Kazemi
- School of Nursing, 14727University of North Carolina Charlotte, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Orchowski LM, Oesterle DW, Haikalis M. What Stops Unwanted Sexual and Social Advances Made by Heavy Drinking College Men? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22250-NP22272. [PMID: 35363590 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although rates of sexual aggression are high among college men who engage in heavy drinking, little is known regarding how often heavy drinking college men initiate unwanted sexual advances towards women that could lead to a potential sexual assault or the reasons why these advances stop or proceed. The present study describes heavy drinking college men's (N = 210) initiation of unwanted sexual and social advances towards women, as well as outcomes of these interactions, including how often these behaviors continue, and men's perception of what stopped the behavior over a 3-month period. Men indicated whether they were in a situation where a sexual partner noted that she does not want sexual activity to proceed further, initiated unwanted sexual contact, initiated unwanted sexual intercourse, attempted to give a woman alcohol when she did not appear to want to drink, or attempted to take a woman to an isolated location when she did not appear to want to go. These unwanted sexual and social advances most often stopped because of women's verbal resistance (i.e., saying "stop" or "no"), or because men engaged in a discussion regarding the women's limits or choices. Given that none of the unwanted sexual or social advances stopped because of bystander intervention, the present study highlights the importance of raising awareness of the effectiveness of women's resistance tactics and continuing to train bystanders to notice and take action to address risky situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel W Oesterle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, 311308Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Orchowski LM, Kirk KT, Schick MR, Spillane NS. Correlates of Bystander Intervention Among Heavy Drinking College Men. Violence Against Women 2022; 28:3588-3607. [PMID: 35946125 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221099983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study utilized survey assessments to examine correlates of bystander intervention intentions among heavy drinking college men (N = 210). Intentions to engage in bystander intervention were associated with fewer heavy drinking days, lower alcohol-related consequences, greater use of strategies to limit drinking, and lower endorsement of alcohol expectancies. A range of constructs commonly associated with perpetration of sexual aggression demonstrated a negative association with intentions to engage in bystander intervention. Multivariate analyses revealed that greater use of strategies to limit drinking and lower pornography use emerged as predictors of intentions to engage in bystander intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katelyn T Kirk
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, North Kingstown, RI, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, North Kingstown, RI, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, North Kingstown, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jouriles EN, Krauss A, Sargent KS, Nguyen J, Cascardi M, Grych JH, McDonald R. Party frequency, party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization among first-year female college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1788-1793. [PMID: 33151839 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1821693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined whether the use of party-safety strategies weakens the association between frequency of party attendance and sexual victimization among first-year female college students. Participants: First-year female college students (n = 450) from three universities in the United States participated in this study. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires on frequency of party attendance, use of party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization. Results: Frequency of party attendance was positively associated with sexual victimization. This association was moderated by use of party-safety strategies: frequency of party attendance was unrelated to sexual victimization when students reported greater use of party-safety strategies. However, frequency of party attendance was positively related to sexual victimization when students reported lower use of party-safety strategies. Conclusions: Teaching and reinforcing party-safety strategies may be helpful additions to efforts to prevent sexual victimization on college campuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest N Jouriles
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alison Krauss
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kelli S Sargent
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jamie Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michele Cascardi
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - John H Grych
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Renee McDonald
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Steele B, Martin M, Yakubovich A, Humphreys DK, Nye E. Risk and Protective Factors for Men's Sexual Violence Against Women at Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of the Longitudinal Evidence. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:716-732. [PMID: 33176596 PMCID: PMC9210109 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020970900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual violence among higher education institution (HEI) students is a growing public health concern. To date, there is little evidence on how to effectively prevent sexual violence among this demographic. This study is the first systematic review to meta-analyze all available evidence for risk and protective factors of sexual violence perpetrated by men at HEIs. We searched four electronic databases and multiple gray literature sources. We screened studies using prespecified selection criteria for the sample (HEI students who identify as men), outcome (sexual violence perpetration against peers), and study design (quantitative and longitudinal). Longitudinal studies provide the most rigorous available evidence on risk and protective factors. We identified 16 studies and meta-analyzed eight different risk factors: alcohol consumption, hostility toward women, delinquency, fraternity membership, history of sexual violence perpetration, rape myth acceptance, age at first sex, and peer approval of sexual violence. We deemed included studies to have a varied risk of bias and the overall quality of evidence to range from moderate to high. History of sexual violence perpetration (perpetration prior to entering an HEI) emerged as the strongest predictor of sexual violence perpetration at HEIs, complicating the notion that HEI environments themselves foster a culture of sexual violence. Peer support for sexual violence predicted perpetration while individual rape-supporting beliefs did not. Our findings suggest that interventions targeting peer norms (e.g., bystander interventions) and early sexual violence prevention and consent interventions for high school and elementary school students could be effective in reducing and preventing sexual violence at HEIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Steele
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mackenzie Martin
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Yakubovich
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David K. Humphreys
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Nye
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McArdle P, Coulton S, Kaner E, Gilvarry E, Drummond C. Alcohol Misuse among English Youth, Are Harms Attributable to Alcohol or to Underlying Disinhibitory Characteristics? Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:372-377. [PMID: 34875694 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use by young people is associated with a range of psychological and physical harms. However, similar harms are also reported with disinhibitory conditions such as conduct problems that are said to precede and predispose to alcohol misuse. We explored whether alcohol use or indicators of underlying disinhibition predict psychological and physical harms in a cohort of young people. METHODS We used data from a randomised controlled intervention trial that identified young people who consumed alcohol (n = 756), mean age = 15.6 years, attending emergency departments (EDs) in England. Disinhibition was measured by the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire hyperactivity and conduct problem items, and alcohol-related harms by questions from the ESPAD, a major European school survey. We conducted a mediation analysis with a primary outcome of frequency of engaging in alcohol-related harms 12 months after screening in ED, exploring for the mediating influence of alcohol consumed at six months. We included age, gender, allocated group and baseline consumption as covariates and adjusted for the multi-level nature of the study, where young people were nested within EDs. RESULTS Conduct problems and to a lesser extent hyperactivity predicted harms at twelve months. This effect was not mediated by alcohol consumed at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Among young drinkers underlying behavioural attributes predict harm independently of alcohol use. This suggests that the harms associated with alcohol use are attributable more to underlying disinhibitory characteristics than the quantity of alcohol consumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul McArdle
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St. Nicholas Hospital, Jubilee Road, NE3 3XT, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Coulton
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, NE2 4AX, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Eilish Gilvarry
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St. Nicholas Hospital, Jubilee Road, NE3 3XT, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Drummond
- Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yeater EA, Witkiewitz K, Testa M, Bryan AD. Substance Use, Risky Sex, and Peer Interactions Predict Sexual Assault Among College Women: An Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5094-NP5115. [PMID: 32969282 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault is an unfortunately common experience among women in college campuses. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to gain a better understanding of the contextual determinants of sexual assault among college women. EMA reports inquired about sexual assault experiences, risky sex (sex without a condom and regretted hookups), and substance use (alcohol and cannabis use), as well as what activities participants were engaged in (e.g., pregaming, drinking with peers, and drinking with a casual sexual partner), and whether they experienced peer pressure to engage in casual sex. Participants were 103 freshman undergraduate women (18-24 years old) at a Southwestern university in the United States, who were unmarried, interested in dating opposite-sex partners, engaged in binge drinking (defined as having 3 or more drinks on one occasion) in the past month, and reported at least one experience of sexual intercourse in their lifetime. Participants completed reports (one random and two time-contingent) via EMA three times a day over a 42-day period. Compliance in completing EMA reports was good (84.2% of prompted reports were completed), and time-to-completion of reports once signaled was acceptable (mean = 26 minutes, median = 5.75 minutes). During the 42 days, 40 women (38.8%) reported 75 occasions of sexual assault. The odds of experiencing sexual assault were significantly greater during occasions of regretted hookups and unprotected sex. Additionally, drinking with peers and peer pressure to engage in casual sex were each associated significantly with occasions of sexual assault. Reducing risk for sexual assault among undergraduate women may be possible by targeting these behaviors and contextual features in near real-time via momentary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Testa
- The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bonar EE, DeGue S, Abbey A, Coker AL, Lindquist CH, McCauley HL, Miller E, Senn CY, Thompson MP, Ngo QM, Cunningham RM, Walton MA. Prevention of sexual violence among college students: Current challenges and future directions. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:575-588. [PMID: 32407244 PMCID: PMC7666108 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1757681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Preventing sexual violence among college students is a public health priority. This paper was catalyzed by a summit convened in 2018 to review the state of the science on campus sexual violence prevention. We summarize key risk and vulnerability factors and campus-based interventions, and provide directions for future research pertaining to campus sexual violence. Results and Conclusions: Although studies have identified risk factors for campus sexual violence, longitudinal research is needed to examine time-varying risk factors across social ecological levels (individual, relationship, campus context/broader community and culture) and data are particularly needed to identify protective factors. In terms of prevention, promising individual and relational level interventions exist, including active bystander, resistance, and gender transformative approaches; however, further evidence-based interventions are needed, particularly at the community-level, with attention to vulnerability factors and inclusion for marginalized students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah DeGue
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia Abbey
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ann L Coker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christine H Lindquist
- Division for Applied Justice Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather L McCauley
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh & Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charlene Y Senn
- Department of Psychology and Women's & Gender Studies Program, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martie P Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Quyen M Ngo
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca M Cunningham
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maureen A Walton
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coleman SRM, Bernstein MJ, Benfield JA, Smyth JM. Narcissistic grandiosity and risky health behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:634-643. [PMID: 32407166 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1762606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study explored associations between narcissistic grandiosity (including its component traits) and reported risky health behaviors in college students. Participants: College men and women (N = 122) participated between December 2015 and January 2016. Methods: Participants completed self-report measures of grandiosity, alcohol consumption, number of sex partners, and condom use. Results: Grandiosity was positively associated with alcohol consumption. Gender interacted with grandiose traits, driving associations with reported sexual behaviors. College men high in entitlement/exploitativeness reported more sex partners. Grandiose exhibitionism was associated with condom use among women but not men, such that college women higher in grandiose exhibitionism were more likely to report not using a condom with their most recent partner. Conclusions: Grandiosity (and grandiose traits) may influence health behavior and/or the reporting of health behavior in college students, but associations may differ for men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulamunn R M Coleman
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Michael J Bernstein
- Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob A Benfield
- Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Neilson EC, Smith L, Davis KC, George WH. Acute Alcohol Intoxication, State Anger, and Sexual Assault Perpetration: The Role of State Emotion Regulation. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2022; 12:42-51. [PMID: 35509850 PMCID: PMC9060544 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol-involved sexual assault remains a pervasive problem, with extensive individual- and societal-level costs. Emotion regulation (ER), the process through which an individual modulates emotional states, remains an understudied predictor of sexual assault perpetration, with past research focusing on general ER tendencies (e.g., trait ER) as predictors of sexual assault perpetration. This study sought to examine the associations between state ER on sexual assault perpetration in the context of state anger and acute alcohol intoxication. METHOD Single, male social drinkers aged 21-30 with a history of sexual risk-taking (N = 92) participated in an alcohol administration paradigm and were randomly assigned to an alcohol condition [sober control vs. intoxicated (BrAC = .10%)]. Intoxicated and sober participants completed a sexual assault analogue that assessed state anger, state ER, and sexual assault perpetration intentions against a hypothetical female partner. RESULTS Path analysis demonstrated interactive effects of state ER and state anger on sexual assault perpetration intentions. Relative to men with low and moderate levels of anger, state ER was associated with lower intentions to perpetrate sexual assault for men with high levels of anger. Alcohol intoxication did not directly predict state ER, state anger, or sexual assault perpetration intentions. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that state ER may be protective against sexual assault perpetration for men who experience anger in response to a partner's expression of non-consent. Because replication is necessary, the results carry tentative implications for state ER as an intervention target for sexual assault prevention programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Neilson
- Morehead State University, Department of Psychology, Morehead, KY 40351
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Lauren Smith
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Kelly Cue Davis
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - William H. George
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maas MK, Cary KM, Clancy EM, Klettke B, McCauley HL, Temple JR. Slutpage Use Among U.S. College Students: The Secret and Social Platforms of Image-Based Sexual Abuse. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2203-2214. [PMID: 33630205 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of "slutpages," tied to high schools, fraternities, and the military, used to post, share, and comment on nude and semi-nude images of women, has emerged in mass media. To our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically investigate slutpage use behaviors including: visiting slutpages, posting nude images/videos online without consent, and using a vault app to store/share nude images. We conducted a survey of undergraduate college students attending a large Midwestern university in the U.S., with 1867 respondents (36.4% cis/transgender men, 63.6% cisgender women; 18-24 years old M = 20.39) to determine who is engaging in slutpage use behaviors. Our results showed that younger participants and men were more likely to engage in slutpage use behaviors than older participants and women, especially if they participated in Greek Life or played a team sport for their university. Men in a fraternity or on a team sport visited slutpages and posted nude images/video online without consent more frequently than men outside these groups, or women in general. Drinking alcohol and using pornography more frequently were also associated with slutpage use behaviors. This study provides a new understanding of slutpages as a social form of image-based sexual abuse and informs researchers, educators, and policy makers to expand their inquiry into online sexual experiences and exploitation to include this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Maas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, 552 West Circle Drive, 13D Human Ecology Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Kyla M Cary
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, 552 West Circle Drive, 13D Human Ecology Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Bianca Klettke
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jeff R Temple
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Walsh K, Sarvet AL, Wall M, Gilbert L, Santelli J, Khan S, Thompson MP, Reardon L, Hirsch JS, Mellins CA. Prevalence and Correlates of Sexual Assault Perpetration and Ambiguous Consent in a Representative Sample of College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP7005-NP7026. [PMID: 30636558 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518823293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported sexual assault (SA) perpetration, defined as nonconsensual sexualized touching or attempted or completed oral, vaginal, or anal penetration since starting college among men, women, and gender nonconforming (GNC) students. A secondary aim was to examine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported sexual encounters when the respondent was unsure that their partner consented (ambiguous consent). In spring 2016, 1,671 randomly sampled students (67% response rate) at two interconnected urban undergraduate institutions participated in an online survey about sexual experiences and personal and social contextual correlates. Prevalence estimates for SA perpetration and ambiguous consent were estimated and logistic regression was used to test bivariate associations between these two outcomes and a range of potential correlates. Approximately 2% of students self-reported any SA perpetration and 9% reported any ambiguous consent experiences since starting college. Pre-college SA perpetration, past-year SA victimization, belief in and use of nonverbal consent strategies, binge drinking, and depression symptoms were associated with higher odds of both SA perpetration and ambiguous consent while at college. Hookups were associated with higher odds of ambiguous consent; family social support was associated with lower odds of ambiguous consent. Findings of similar correlates for SA perpetration and ambiguous consent point to prevention programming focused on verbal consent strategies, alcohol harm reduction approaches, and pre-college interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Walsh
- Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, CUMC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Department of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Santelli
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, CUMC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shamus Khan
- Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martie P Thompson
- Department of Youth, Family, and Community Studies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Leigh Reardon
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, CUMC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer S Hirsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, CUMC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claude A Mellins
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Department of Psychiatry, CUMC, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Norris AL, Carey KB, Shepardson RL, Carey MP. Sexual Revictimization in College Women: Mediational Analyses Testing Hypothesized Mechanisms for Sexual Coercion and Sexual Assault. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:6440-6465. [PMID: 30565482 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518817778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A precollege history of sexual victimization predicts revictimization during college, making it important to understand the mechanisms underlying the victimization-to-revictimization pathway. The study aimed to test whether heavy episodic drinking and personal and peer hookup norms mediate revictimization for two types of unwanted sexual contact: sexual coercion (attempted and/or completed sexual assault by the use of verbal coercion) and sexual assault (attempted and/or completed sexual assault by the use of force, threats, or incapacitation). At college entry, 483 first-year college women completed self-report measures of their precollege experiences, including history of sexual victimization and health behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, personal and peer hookup norms). At the end of the first and second semesters, they also completed measures assessing incident sexual victimization. Nearly one half of women (48%) reported an experience of attempted or completed sexual coercion or assault prior to entering college; 33% endorsed sexual coercion and 15% endorsed sexual assault in their first year of college. Structural equation models demonstrated that heavy episodic drinking and personal and peer hookup norms partially mediated revictimization for sexual assault, but not for sexual coercion. Sexual coercion was the most common tactic leading to unwanted sexual contact in this sample. Alcohol use and personal and peer hookup norms mediated revictimization by force, threats, or incapacitation. In contrast, the hypothesized mediators did not explain the revictimization pathway for verbally coerced assaults. Given the prevalence of sexual coercion, research needs to identify risk factors for verbal coercion to guide prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Norris
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Michael P Carey
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Treat TA, Corbin WR, Papova A, Richner K, Craney R, Fromme K. Selection and socialization accounts of the relation between fraternity membership and sexual aggression. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:337-350. [PMID: 33764091 PMCID: PMC8084907 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current project aims to enhance our understanding of the well-established relation between fraternity membership and sexual aggression on college campuses. Most prior research has been cross-sectional and unable to distinguish selection and socialization accounts of the relation, and only one prior longitudinal study has simultaneously examined selection and socialization effects. METHOD Fraternity membership, sexual aggression, binge drinking, sociosexual attitudes and behaviors, and perceived peer sexual aggression were assessed for 772 male participants (n = 116 fraternity members) in a longitudinal survey study from the summer prior to college through Year 2 of college. RESULTS Longitudinal path analyses revealed three key findings. First, fraternity membership was prospectively correlated with sexual aggression in Years 1 and 2 of college (socialization effect), controlling for selection effects, when the two prospective paths were constrained to be equivalent. Second, more frequent binge drinking and sociosexual attitudes prior to college prospectively correlated with an increased likelihood of joining a fraternity (selection effect), and both selection variables indirectly correlated with future sexual aggression via fraternity membership. Third, fraternity membership was associated with increased binge drinking and perceived peer sexual aggression (socialization effects). CONCLUSIONS These findings identify critical targets for the prevention of sexually aggressive behavior that are linked to fraternity membership: Binge drinking and sociosexual attitudes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
36
|
Treat TA, Corbin WR, Viken RJ. Protective behavioral strategies for sexual aggression and risky sexual behavior. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:284-295. [PMID: 33492751 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sexual aggression (SA) is a serious public-health problem on college campuses, and there is a pressing need for basic research fostering the development of novel prevention strategies. The current study (a) developed measures of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) for sexual aggression (SA) and risky sex (RS); (b) characterized college men's PBS use; and (c) evaluated whether those who reported engaging in SA and RS showed lower PBS use. Undergraduate men from two universities (n = 567) who endorsed sexual attraction toward women completed measures of PBS, SA, RS, rape-supportive and sociosexual attitudes, and alcohol consumption. On average, participants reported using PBS for SA and RS fairly often, but a sizeable number indicated that they seldom or never used the strategies. Men who reported SA engagement in the last year, relative to their peers, endorsed sharply lower reliance on SA PBS and RS PBS. Men who reported at least one RS behavior in the last year used RS PBS far less often than their peers. The PBS measures converged as expected with other attitudinal and behavioral measures. The new PBS measures reference cognitive-behavioral approaches that a large percentage of college men use on a regular basis, making them potentially acceptable prevention targets. Further, men at greater risk of exhibiting SA are much less likely to take steps to reduce the risks associated with sexual behavior, in comparison with their peers. Thus, future work could evaluate the potential usefulness of incorporating PBS for SA and RS into primary prevention programming in both domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A. Treat
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - Richard J. Viken
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kirk-Provencher KT, Jeglic EL, Calkins C, Spillane NS. The use of substances in sexual offending in a United States sample. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2021; 29:53-67. [PMID: 35693381 PMCID: PMC9186352 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2021.1904445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Substance use is often involved in sexual offending. Understanding the ways in which substances are used in sexual offending is critical for developing prevention strategies. The present study explored the ways that substances are involved in the perpetration of sexual abuse against adults and minors, including intoxication and supplying substances to victims by individuals convicted of sexual offenses. Data were collected from the records of 2803 individuals convicted of sexual offenses in the United States. A series of binary logistic regressions found that offenses against adults were more likely to have alcohol or drugs involved than offenses against minors, while supplying substances to victims was less likely in intrafamilial than in extrafamilial offenses against minors. Findings suggest that implementing sexual violence prevention strategies (e.g. bystander intervention) in adult drinking contexts and integrating education about problematic substance use behaviors (e.g. grooming) during childhood prevention programs can aid in sexual abuse prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth L. Jeglic
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Calkins
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ball NJ, Miller KE, Quigley BM, Eliseo-Arras RK. Alcohol Mixed With Energy Drinks and Sexually Related Causes of Conflict in the Barroom. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:3353-3373. [PMID: 29779427 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518774298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) among young adults has spurred studies that focus on its links to aggression and risk-taking behaviors, including risky sex and sexual victimization. However, no studies to date have looked at the relationship between AmED and causes of interpersonal conflict in bars at the event level. The present study evaluated whether AmED use at the time of the bar conflict was associated with greater odds that a bar conflict would be precipitated by sexually related causes. Online survey data, including a description of a recent bar conflict, were collected from a community sample of 175 young adult (97 female) AmED users age 18 to 30 in western New York state. Qualitative findings included the natural categorization of sexually related causes of conflict, consisting of unwanted sexual advances and jealousy, and the prominence of sexual competition in these conflicts. Proportion of AmED use (out of the total quantity of alcoholic drinks) predicted the odds that the bar conflict would have a sexually related cause, above and beyond control variables. How AmED use might be associated with sexual competition and conflict in the bar is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Ball
- Research Institute on Addiction, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Kathleen E Miller
- Research Institute on Addiction, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Brian M Quigley
- Research Institute on Addiction, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Rebecca K Eliseo-Arras
- Research Institute on Addiction, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Orchowski LM, Gidycz CA, Kraft K. Resisting Unwanted Sexual and Social Advances: Perspectives of College Women and Men. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4049-NP4073. [PMID: 29936893 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518781805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines college men's (N = 635) and women's (N = 650) reports of women's resistance against unwanted sexual and social advances. Men completed surveys to assess (a) initiation of unwanted sexual contact with a female partner, (b) initiation of unwanted sexual intercourse with a female partner, (c) sexual situations where a female partner decided she did not want to proceed, (d) encouraging a woman to drink when they were aware that the woman did not want to, and (e) attempting to take a woman to an isolated location against her will. Women completed corresponding questionnaires regarding the receipt of such unwanted advances, the outcome of the situation, and the resistance tactics utilized. Many men (5%-46%) and women (15%-38%) initiated or experienced, respectively, at least one of the five unwanted sexual or social advances. Unwanted sexual and social advances most often stopped as a result of women's verbal and physical resistance. Few advances (0%-8%) stopped as a result of bystander intervention. In addition to decreasing men's likelihood of engaging in unwanted sexual and social advances, these data highlight the importance of educating women on the effectiveness of verbal and physical resistance tactics, and increasing the frequency of prosocial bystander action on college campuses.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wilhite ER, Fromme K. The Differential Influence of Drinking, Sensation Seeking, and Impulsivity on the Perpetration of Unwanted Sexual Advances and Sexual Coercion. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:1437-1454. [PMID: 29294991 PMCID: PMC6584563 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517742151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There are startling rates of sexual coercion across college campuses, underscoring the importance of identifying risk factors and intervening early to prevent perpetration of these unwanted sexual events. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of impulsivity, sensation seeking, and alcohol use on the odds of perpetrating unwanted sexual advances (i.e., forced fondling, kissing, or petting) and sexual coercion (i.e., sexual intercourse through arguments, pressure, or physical force) during the subsequent 6 years. Male participants (N = 901) were part of a 6-year longitudinal study, which explored alcohol use and associated behavioral risks throughout emerging adulthood. Participants provided self-reported surveys across 6 years, starting the summer before their start of college. Using logistic regression models, these analyses examined the main effects and interactions of impulsivity, sensation seeking, and alcohol use, measured during the summer before the start of college, on the odds of perpetrating one or multiple instances of unwanted sexual advances and sexual coercion across the subsequent 6 years. Results indicated that higher levels of sensation seeking and heavier drinking on drinking days during high school contributed to greater odds of being a one-time perpetrator of unwanted sexual advances during the next 6 years. Conversely, impulsivity, but not alcohol use, was associated with greater risk of perpetrating multiple instances of both unwanted sexual advances and sexual coercion. Alcohol use did not significantly moderate the influence of personality on perpetration. These results underscore the importance of early intervention and using impulsivity and sensation seeking to tailor current prevention efforts to decrease the likelihood of sexual coercion perpetration during college.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gulati NK, Stappenbeck CA, George WH, Davis KC. Predicting rape events: The influence of intimate partner violence history, condom use resistance, and heavy drinking. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:69-77. [PMID: 32864752 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sexual aggression perpetration is a public health epidemic, and burgeoning research aims to delineate risk factors for individuals who perpetrate completed rape. The current study investigated physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) history, coercive condom use resistance (CUR), and heavy episodic drinking (HED) as prospective risk factors for rape perpetration. Young adult men (N = 430) ages 21-30 completed background measures as well as follow-up assessments regarding rape events perpetrated over the course of 3 months. Negative binomial regression with log link function was utilized to examine whether these risk factors interacted to prospectively predict completed rape. There was a significant interaction between physical IPV and HED predicting completed rape; men with high HED and greater physical IPV histories perpetrated more completed rapes during follow-up than men with low HED at the same level of physical IPV. Moreover, psychological IPV and coercive CUR interacted to predict completed rape such that men with high coercive CUR and greater psychological IPV histories perpetrated more completed rapes throughout the follow-up period than men with low coercive CUR at the same level of psychological IPV. Findings suggest targets for intervention efforts and highlight the need to understand the topography of different forms of aggression perpetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha K. Gulati
- Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | | | - William H. George
- Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Kelly C. Davis
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wiersma-Mosley JD, Ham LS, Marcantonio TL, Jozkowski KN, Bridges AJ. Intoxicated bystanders' alcohol expectancies and valuations and the ability to detect risk in a potential sexual assault. Addict Behav 2020; 108:106423. [PMID: 32416362 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol intoxication, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol valuations are associated with impaired risk detection for victims of sexual assault; these factors may also impair risk detection of bystanders in a potential sexual assault. However, the relationship between expectancies, valuations and alcohol intoxication on bystanders' risk detection abilities has not been examined; the goal of this study was to address this gap in the literature. The current study used an alcohol administration experimental design that assessed 123 young adults' (50% women) alcohol expectancies and valuations, as well as their risk appraisal using a sexual assault vignette. Participants in the alcohol condition (n = 61) reported diminished ability to detect risk when they reported higher positive valuations compared with participants in the control condition (n = 62), but there were no effects of expectancies on bystanders' ability to detect risk in either condition. Risk detection is a crucial step in bystander prevention; alcohol intoxication, in combination with positive alcohol valuations may impede those appraisals.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. Sociosexuality and Sex With New Partners: Indirect Effects Via Drinking at Parties and Bars. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:624-630. [PMID: 33028475 PMCID: PMC8076485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners (i.e., unrestricted sociosexuality) may encourage individuals to seek out contexts that facilitate casual sex. We tested a model in which the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners were mediated via drinking in specific contexts. We hypothesized that drinking at parties and bars, which are known to facilitate casual sex (but not drinking at home), would contribute to sex with new (but not with previous) partners. METHOD Participants were 427 male freshmen from a large, public northeastern university. They completed a baseline survey in their first semester followed by 56 days of daily reports on drinking and sexual activity during their second semester. RESULTS As predicted, sociosexuality measured at baseline positively predicted occasions of sex with a new partner, but not sex with a previous partner. In support of the model, effects were partially mediated by frequency of drinking at parties and bars across the 56-day reporting period, but not by drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has demonstrated associations among sociosexuality, drinking, and casual sex. Our study is unique in suggesting that drinking in specific contexts--that is, drinking at parties and bars, but not drinking at home--partially mediates the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners. This pathway suggests that men with a desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners seek out drinking contexts as a way of facilitating these encounters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana S. E. Hone
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. Sociosexuality and Sex With New Partners: Indirect Effects Via Drinking at Parties and Bars. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:624-630. [PMID: 33028475 PMCID: PMC8076485 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners (i.e., unrestricted sociosexuality) may encourage individuals to seek out contexts that facilitate casual sex. We tested a model in which the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners were mediated via drinking in specific contexts. We hypothesized that drinking at parties and bars, which are known to facilitate casual sex (but not drinking at home), would contribute to sex with new (but not with previous) partners. METHOD Participants were 427 male freshmen from a large, public northeastern university. They completed a baseline survey in their first semester followed by 56 days of daily reports on drinking and sexual activity during their second semester. RESULTS As predicted, sociosexuality measured at baseline positively predicted occasions of sex with a new partner, but not sex with a previous partner. In support of the model, effects were partially mediated by frequency of drinking at parties and bars across the 56-day reporting period, but not by drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has demonstrated associations among sociosexuality, drinking, and casual sex. Our study is unique in suggesting that drinking in specific contexts--that is, drinking at parties and bars, but not drinking at home--partially mediates the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners. This pathway suggests that men with a desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners seek out drinking contexts as a way of facilitating these encounters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana S. E. Hone
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schipani-McLaughlin AM, Salazar LF, Vivolo-Kantor AM. The relationship between binge drinking and prosocial bystander behavior among college men. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:570-574. [PMID: 30908129 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1583656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study prospectively examined binge drinking's effect on prosocial bystander behavior and indicators of bystander behavior: intentions to intervene, self-efficacy to intervene, and positive outcome expectancies for intervening. Participants: College men were recruited from February to April 2010. Methods: Pre- and posttest surveys were administered as part of a randomized controlled trial (n = 743). Potential confounders were identified using Pearson product-moment correlations. Controlling for covariates, multiple linear regression was used to examine whether binge drinking was predictive of prosocial bystander behavior and indicators of bystander behavior. Results: Binge drinking was related to lower bystander behavior (p<.05), lower intentions to intervene (p<.001), and less positive outcome expectancies for intervening (p<.05). Conclusions: Binge drinking may reduce the ability to notice a risk situation and intervene as a prosocial bystander. Results highlight the need for bystander programs to address alcohol use within the context of bystander behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura F Salazar
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cleveland MJ, Testa M, Hone LSE. Examining the Roles of Heavy Episodic Drinking, Drinking Venues, and Sociosexuality in College Men's Sexual Aggression. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 31014462 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2019.80.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College men's alcohol consumption is positively associated with sexual aggression perpetration, yet men's drinking does not typically predict later sexual assault after accounting for risk factors, such as impersonal sexuality. In the present study, we tested an indirect effects model whereby college men's impersonal sex orientation and heavy episodic drinking (HED) were hypothesized to contribute to sexual aggression perpetration via more frequent attendance at drinking venues (parties, bars). METHOD Freshman males (N = 1,043) were recruited to participate in a five-semester study. Key measures included the Sociosexuality Index as a measure of impersonal sex attitudes and behaviors, frequency of HED, and frequency of attending drinking venues (parties, bars). The dichotomous outcome measure was based on the Sexual Strategies Survey, a measure of tactics used to convince a female partner to have sex. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether sociosexuality attitudes, sociosexuality behaviors, and HED (all measured at Wave 1) would have direct and indirect effects on use of Wave 5 sexual aggression tactics, through effects on Wave 3 venue attendance. RESULTS The model supported the hypothesized indirect effects of sociosexuality and HED via men's subsequent drinking venue attendance and was preferred over alternative models. CONCLUSIONS College men who more frequently attended drinking "hot spots" were more likely to perpetrate subsequent sexual aggression, supporting a growing body of evidence on the importance of drinking venues in college sexual assault. Findings also help to explicate the mechanism underlying the robust role of impersonal sex orientation in sexual aggression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cleveland
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Liana S E Hone
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Testa M, Brown WC, Wang W. Do Men Use More Sexually Aggressive Tactics When Intoxicated? A Within-Person Examination of Naturally Occurring Episodes of Sex. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2019; 9:546-554. [PMID: 32999754 PMCID: PMC7523876 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men's alcohol use has been linked to sexual assault perpetration. Yet, it is unknown whether within naturally-occurring sexual encounters men use more sexually aggressive tactics when they are intoxicated. The present study considered whether college men's perceived intoxication at the time of sex increased their self-reported use of verbal persuasion, physical force, and encouraged intoxication of partner as tactics to convince a woman to have sex. METHOD As part of a 56-day daily report study, 298 college freshman males reported 1,832 episodes of sexual activity with female partners. Using multilevel modeling, we considered the within-person effects of subjective intoxication, sexual precedence (new versus previous partner), and perceived partner sexual interest on male use of sexually aggressive strategies within each sexual encounter. We also considered whether the impact of event-specific intoxication was moderated by individual differences in hostility toward women, delinquency, and impersonal sex. RESULTS Greater subjective intoxication at the time of sex predicted greater use of verbal persuasion and encouraging intoxication of partner. Although intoxication did not predict physical force directly, there were indirect effects via greater verbal persuasion and encouraging partner intoxication. Event-specific intoxication did not interact with any of the individual difference variables and only hostility toward women contributed positively to use of event-specific sexually aggression. CONCLUSIONS Men's intoxication at the time of sexual activity increases their use of sexually aggressive strategies within naturally-occurring sexual encounters. Findings help to explain the robust relationship between alcohol use and sexual assault found in college populations.
Collapse
|
48
|
Norris AL, Carey KB, Walsh JL, Shepardson RL, Carey MP. Longitudinal assessment of heavy alcohol use and incapacitated sexual assault: A cross-lagged analysis. Addict Behav 2019; 93:198-203. [PMID: 30735830 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have argued there are bidirectional associations between heavy alcohol use and sexual assault; however, research in this area is inconclusive due to methodological differences, particularly in study design. The purpose of this study is to clarify the longitudinal associations between heavy alcohol use and incapacitated sexual assault among first-year college women, accounting for hypothesized autoregressive effects within each construct over their first year of college. A sample of 483 women completed regular surveys that assessed a range of health behaviors, including alcohol use and sexual behavior, during their first year of college. We used cross-lagged analyses to examine prospective associations between incapacitated sexual assault and heavy alcohol use (frequency of heavy episodic drinking and peak blood alcohol content). There were significant autoregressive effects, such that women who were engaging in heavier alcohol use as they entered college continued to be heavier alcohol users throughout their first year, and women with a history of assault at college entry were at greater risk for assault during their first year of college. There was a significant cross-lagged effect from precollege incapacitated assault to first-semester alcohol use after controlling for pre-college alcohol use. There were no significant cross-lag paths from alcohol use to subsequent incapacitated assault. Women with a history of incapacitated sexual assault engaged in heavier drinking during their transition to college, but heavy alcohol use did not predict subsequent assault risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Norris
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robyn L Shepardson
- Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Michael P Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cleveland MJ, Testa M, Hone LSE. Examining the Roles of Heavy Episodic Drinking, Drinking Venues, and Sociosexuality in College Men's Sexual Aggression. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 80:177-185. [PMID: 31014462 PMCID: PMC6489544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College men's alcohol consumption is positively associated with sexual aggression perpetration, yet men's drinking does not typically predict later sexual assault after accounting for risk factors, such as impersonal sexuality. In the present study, we tested an indirect effects model whereby college men's impersonal sex orientation and heavy episodic drinking (HED) were hypothesized to contribute to sexual aggression perpetration via more frequent attendance at drinking venues (parties, bars). METHOD Freshman males (N = 1,043) were recruited to participate in a five-semester study. Key measures included the Sociosexuality Index as a measure of impersonal sex attitudes and behaviors, frequency of HED, and frequency of attending drinking venues (parties, bars). The dichotomous outcome measure was based on the Sexual Strategies Survey, a measure of tactics used to convince a female partner to have sex. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether sociosexuality attitudes, sociosexuality behaviors, and HED (all measured at Wave 1) would have direct and indirect effects on use of Wave 5 sexual aggression tactics, through effects on Wave 3 venue attendance. RESULTS The model supported the hypothesized indirect effects of sociosexuality and HED via men's subsequent drinking venue attendance and was preferred over alternative models. CONCLUSIONS College men who more frequently attended drinking "hot spots" were more likely to perpetrate subsequent sexual aggression, supporting a growing body of evidence on the importance of drinking venues in college sexual assault. Findings also help to explicate the mechanism underlying the robust role of impersonal sex orientation in sexual aggression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cleveland
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Liana S. E. Hone
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Oesterle DW, Orchowski LM, Moreno O, Berkowitz A. A Qualitative Analysis of Bystander Intervention Among Heavy-Drinking College Men. Violence Against Women 2019; 24:1207-1231. [PMID: 30037315 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study qualitatively examines how heavy-drinking college men conceptualize bystander intervention. Twelve semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with college men reporting past-month heavy drinking and sexual activity within the past 2 months. NVivo software was used to conduct a thematic analysis. Following the stage model of bystander intervention, men in this sample described situations-predominantly in drinking contexts-when other men made sexual advances toward women who were not interested or who were intoxicated as opportunities for intervention. Men reported relying on women's expression of verbal and nonverbal cues as a sign that a situation was problematic, and warranting intervention. Men reported a desire to protect women from experiencing a sexual assault, or to protect a peer from being accused of rape. Men perceived themselves to be more likely to assume responsibility for intervening when the situation involved someone they knew, especially a female friend. A variety of intervention strategies were also reported. Preliminary support was offered for considering alcohol myopia as a barrier to intervention. The interviews also provided preliminary support for further investigation into the role of alcohol expectancies regarding "liquid courage" and "aggression" as factors that can influence bystander intervention when intoxicated. Implications for future research and the development of tailored sexual assault prevention efforts for heavy-drinking men are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay M Orchowski
- 1 Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,2 Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|