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Mydlárová Blaščáková M, Homjáková B, Nagy M, Poráčová J, Lörinczová Z, Makovický P, Kimáková T, Sedlák V, Konečná M. Initial screening of the rs104893657 variant of the PAX8 gene in women with hypothyroidism from Northeastern Slovakia. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:S89-S94. [PMID: 38272482 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrinopathies and metabolic disorders. Hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormones with a higher prevalence in women. Causes for the development of endocrine diseases may be mutations in genes that encode peptide hormones. The aim of this scientific study was to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of the rs104893657 variant of the PAX8 gene and to determine the genotype versus phenotype association. METHODS The study population consisted of 135 women from northeastern Slovakia who were divided on the basis of screening into two groups: a control group without diagnosed hypothyroidism (CG = 67) and a group of women with hypothyroidism (HY = 68). Biochemical markers - thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prealbumin (PREA), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined using Cobas Integra 400 plus, Cobas e411 analysers (Roche). Genotyping was performed using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay instrument 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR Systems (Applied Biosystem). RESULTS Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between CG and HY in biochemical parameters: TSH (p < 0.001), P (p = 0.008). By Chi-square test we found no statistically significant difference in the representation of genotypes (p = 0.788) in the rs104893657 polymorphism of PAX8 gene. The T allele was not associated with hypothyroidism in Slovak women (p = 0.548). In CC genotype we found statistically significant difference between CG and HY in parameters TSH (p < 0.001) and P (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The mutant T allele was detected at low frequency in both groups of women studied. The association of the T allele with the development of hypothyroidism in Slovak women was not confirmed. The results of this work provide initial information on the distribution of genotypes and alleles in the studied variant of PAX8 gene in the Slovak female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mydlárová Blaščáková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Homjáková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Melinda Nagy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Komarno, Slovak Republic
| | - Janka Poráčová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Pavol Makovický
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Komarno, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Kimáková
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Vincent Sedlák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Konečná
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
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Levaillant L, Bouhours-Nouet N, Illouz F, Amsellem Jager J, Bachelot A, Barat P, Baron S, Bensignor C, Brac De La Perriere A, Braik Djellas Y, Caillot M, Caldagues E, Campas MN, Caquard M, Cartault A, Cheignon J, Decrequy A, Delemer B, Dieckmann K, Donzeau A, Doye E, Fradin M, Gaudillière M, Gatelais F, Gorce M, Hazart I, Houcinat N, Houdon L, Ister-Salome M, Jozwiak L, Jeannoel P, Labarthe F, Lacombe D, Lambert AS, Lefevre C, Leheup B, Leroy C, Maisonneuve B, Marchand I, Marquant E, Muszlak M, Pantalone L, Pochelu S, Quelin C, Radet C, Renoult-Pierre P, Reynaud R, Rouleau S, Teinturier C, Thevenon J, Turlotte C, Valle A, Vierge M, Villanueva C, Ziegler A, Dieu X, Bouzamondo N, Rodien P, Prunier-Mirebeau D, Coutant R. The Severity of Congenital Hypothyroidism With Gland-In-Situ Predicts Molecular Yield by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e779-e788. [PMID: 36884306 PMCID: PMC10438870 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital hypothyroidism with gland-in-situ (CH-GIS) is usually attributed to mutations in the genes involved in thyroid hormone production. The diagnostic yield of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) varied widely between studies. We hypothesized that the molecular yield of targeted NGS would depend on the severity of CH. METHODS Targeted NGS was performed in 103 CH-GIS patients from the French national screening program referred to the Reference Center for Rare Thyroid Diseases of Angers University Hospital. The custom targeted NGS panel contained 48 genes. Cases were classified as solved or probably solved depending on the known inheritance of the gene, the classification of the variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the familial segregation, and published functional studies. Thyroid-stimulating hormone at CH screening and at diagnosis (TSHsc and TSHdg) and free T4 at diagnosis (FT4dg) were recorded. RESULTS NGS identified 95 variants in 10 genes in 73 of the 103 patients, resulting in 25 solved cases and 18 probably solved cases. They were mainly due to mutations in the TG (n = 20) and TPO (n = 15) genes. The molecular yield was, respectively, 73% and 25% if TSHsc was ≥ and < 80 mUI/L, 60% and 30% if TSHdg was ≥ and < 100 mUI/L, and 69% and 29% if FT4dg was ≤ and > 5 pmol/L. CONCLUSION NGS in patients with CH-GIS in France found a molecular explanation in 42% of the cases, increasing to 70% when TSHsc was ≥ 80 mUI/L or FT4dg was ≤ 5 pmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Levaillant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Natacha Bouhours-Nouet
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Illouz
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Amsellem Jager
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Anne Bachelot
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICAN, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Barat
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabine Baron
- Pediatrics Department, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Aude Brac De La Perriere
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Yasmine Braik Djellas
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICAN, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Caillot
- Pediatrics Department, CH de Martigues, 13500 Martigues, France
| | | | | | | | - Audrey Cartault
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Paediatric Gynecology Unit, Children's Hospital, CHU Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Cheignon
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Anne Decrequy
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Brigitte Delemer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, CHU de Reims-Hôpital Robert-Debré, 51100 Reims, France
| | | | - Aurélie Donzeau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Gaudillière
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, 69677 Bron, France
| | | | - Magali Gorce
- Service de Génétique, 49000 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Nada Houcinat
- CHU Dijon, Centre de référence maladies rares Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne 21000, France
| | - Laure Houdon
- Pediatric Diabetology, University Hospital, St Pierre de la Reunion 97410, France
| | | | - Lucie Jozwiak
- Pediatrics Department, CH de Roubaix, 59100 Roubaix, France
| | | | - Francois Labarthe
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Bordeaux INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lambert
- AP-HP, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, DMU SEA, Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Christine Lefevre
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Leheup
- Service de Génétique clinique, Höpital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, Lorraine 54500, France
| | - Clara Leroy
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Huriez, 59037 Lille, France
| | | | - Isis Marchand
- Pediatrics Department, CHI de Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Emeline Marquant
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Pochelu
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Chloé Quelin
- Service de Génétique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France
| | | | - Peggy Renoult-Pierre
- Service de Médecine Interne, Unité d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Rachel Reynaud
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Rouleau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Cécile Teinturier
- AP-HP, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, DMU SEA, Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Team, Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, and FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Aline Valle
- Pediatrics Department, CH de Douai, 59187 Douai, France
| | - Melody Vierge
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Carine Villanueva
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, 69677 Bron, France
| | | | - Xavier Dieu
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Nathalie Bouzamondo
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Patrice Rodien
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Delphine Prunier-Mirebeau
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Régis Coutant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
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Iwahashi-Odano M, Kitamura M, Narumi S. A case of syndromic congenital hypothyroidism with a 15.2 Mb interstitial deletion on 2q12.3q14.2 involving PAX8. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 32:65-71. [PMID: 36761496 PMCID: PMC9887295 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2022-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired box 8 (PAX8) mutations are an established genetic cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). The majority of these mutations are found in the protein-coding exons of the gene. The proband, a 3-yr-old girl, had tetralogy of Fallot and polydactyly soon after birth. She was diagnosed with CH in the newborn screening for CH. She had a high serum TSH level (239 mU/L) and low free T4 level (0.7 ng/dL). Ultrasonography revealed thyroid hypoplasia. We performed array comparative genomic hybridization because the patient exhibited a variety of symptoms across multiple organ systems. The analysis revealed a novel heterozygous deletion that spanned a 15.2 Mb region in 2q12.3q14.3 (GRCh37; chr2:109,568,260-124,779,449). There were 71 protein-coding genes in this region, including two genes (PAX8 and GLI2) associated with congenital endocrine disorders. The common clinical features of the two previously reported patients with a total PAX8 deletion and our case were CH, short stature and intellectual disability, but the severity of hypothyroidism and other clinical features were variable. In conclusion, we describe a syndromic CH patient with a novel 2q12.3q14.3 deletion involving PAX8. Patients with CH, whose unifying diagnosis is not obvious, could have a genomic deletion involving PAX8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Iwahashi-Odano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research
Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of
Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kitamura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University
School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research
Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang RJ, Yang GL, Cheng F, Sun F, Fang Y, Zhang CX, Wang Z, Wu FY, Zhang JX, Zhao SX, Liang J, Song HD. The mutation screening in candidate genes related to thyroid dysgenesis by targeted next-generation sequencing panel in the Chinese congenital hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:617-626. [PMID: 34374102 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is known to be due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis (DH), which is mostly inherited in an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern or thyroid dysgenesis (TD), whose inheritance pattern is controversial and whose molecular etiology remains poorly understood. DESIGN AND METHODS The variants in 37 candidate genes of CH, including 25 genes related to TD, were screened by targeted exon sequencing in 205 Chinese patients whose CH cannot be explained by biallelic variants in genes related to DH. The inheritance pattern of the genes was analyzed in family trios or quartets. RESULTS Of the 205 patients, 83 patients carried at least one variant in 19 genes related to TD, and 59 of those 83 patients harbored more than two variants in distinct candidate genes for CH. Biallelic or de novo variants in the genes related to TD in Chinese patients are rare. We also found nine probands carried only one heterozygous variant in the genes related to TD that were inherited from a euthyroid either paternal or maternal parent. These findings did not support the monogenic inheritance pattern of the genes related to TD in CH patients. Notably, in family trio or quartet analysis, of 36 patients carrying more than two variants in distinct genes, 24 patients carried these variants inherited from both their parents, which indicated that the oligogenic inheritance pattern of the genes related to TD should be considered in CH. CONCLUSIONS Our study expanded the variant spectrum of the genes related to TD in Chinese CH patients. It is rare that CH in Chinese patients could be explained by monogenic germline variants in genes related to TD. The hypothesis of an oligogenic origin of the CH should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jia Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Lin Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Fang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Maternal and Child Health Institute of Bozhou, Bozhou, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Batjargal K, Tajima T, Fujita-Jimbo E, Yamaguchi T, Nakamura A, Yamagata T. Functional analysis of <i>PAX8</i> variants identified in patients with congenital hypothyroidism <i>in situ</i>. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 31:234-241. [DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tanase-Nakao K, Muroya K, Adachi M, Abe K, Hasegawa T, Narumi S. A patient with congenital hypothyroidism due to a <i>PAX8</i> frameshift variant accompanying a urogenital malformation. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 31:250-255. [DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Tanase-Nakao
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanori Adachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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El-Ella SSA, Khattab ESAEH, Beddah RK, Barseem NF. Genetic Variability of the Paired Box Transcription Factor; PAX8 Gene: Guidance Towards Treatment Strategies in a Cohort of Congenital Hypothyroidism. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:311-318. [PMID: 33862642 DOI: 10.1055/a-1409-5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of PAX8 genetic variants to congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is not well understood. We aimed to study the genetic variability of exons 3 and 5 of PAX8 gene among a cohort of children with congenital hypothyroidism in correspondence to their clinical aspect. Blood samples were collected from 117 children (63 girls and 54 boys) with CH and enrolled as cases (Group I). All cases underwent biochemical confirmation with low FT4 and high TSH levels and thyroid gland imaging, along with equal number of matched apparently healthy individuals who served as controls (Group II). Genomic materials for exons 3 and 5 of PAX8 gene were extracted, amplified by PCR, detected by electrophoresis, purified, and sequenced by the Sanger technique through the application of ABI 3730x1 DNA Sequencer. Out of 117 cases, eight different effective PAX8 mutations were detected in exon 3 (G23D, V35I, I34T, Q40P, p.R31C, p.R31H, p.R31A, and p.I47T) in 14 patients with their sonographic findings ranged from normal, hypoplastic to thyroid agenesis. Besides the reported mutations, one novel mutation; R31A was detected in 1 euotopic case. Exon 5 analysis revealed no detected mutations elsewhere. In contrast, all healthy control children showed no mutation and normal sonographic findings. Mutations in exon 3 of PAX8 gene, implies its important role in thyroid development and function, as a first estimate of PA8 mutation rate in Egyptian patients with CH having normal and dysgenetic gland. Using ultrasound is mandatory for diagnosis and guiding the treatment of children with CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohier S Abou El-Ella
- Genetic and Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum, Menofia, Egypt
| | | | - Rehab K Beddah
- Genetic and Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Fathy Barseem
- Genetic and Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum, Menofia, Egypt
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Camats N, Baz-Redón N, Fernández-Cancio M, Clemente M, Campos-Martorell A, Jaimes N, Antolín M, Garcia-Arumí E, Blasco-Pérez L, Paramonov I, Mogas E, Soler-Colomer L, Yeste D. Phenotypic Variability of Patients With PAX8 Variants Presenting With Congenital Hypothyroidism and Eutopic Thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e152-e170. [PMID: 33029631 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid dyshormonogenesis is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases produced by a total/partial blockage of the biochemical processes of thyroid-hormone synthesis and secretion. Paired box 8 (PAX8) is essential for thyroid morphogenesis and thyroid hormone synthesis. We aimed to identify PAX8 variants in patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis and to analyze them with in vitro functional studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine pediatric patients with a eutopic thyroid gland were analyzed by the Catalan screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. Scintigraphies showed absent, low, or normal uptake. Only one patient had a hypoplastic gland. On reevaluation, perchlorate discharge test was negative or compatible with partial iodine-organization deficit. After evaluation, 8 patients showed permanent mild or severe hypothyroidism. Massive-sequencing techniques were used to detect variants in congenital hypothyroidism-related genes. In vitro functional studies were based on transactivating activity of mutant PAX8 on a TG-gene promoter and analyzed by a dual-luciferase assays. RESULTS We identified 7 heterozygous PAX8 exonic variants and 1 homozygous PAX8 splicing variant in 9 patients with variable phenotypes of thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Five were novel and 5 variants showed a statistically significant impaired transcriptional activity of TG promoter: 51% to 78% vs the wild type. CONCLUSIONS Nine patients presented with PAX8 candidate variants. All presented with a eutopic thyroid gland and 7 had deleterious variants. The phenotype of affected patients varies considerably, even within the same family; but, all except the homozygous patient presented with a normal eutopic thyroid gland and thyroid dyshormonogenesis. PAX8 functional studies have shown that 6 PAX8 variants are deleterious. Our studies have proven effective in evaluating these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Camats
- Growth and Development group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Baz-Redón
- Growth and Development group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Cancio
- Growth and Development group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Clemente
- Growth and Development group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Campos-Martorell
- Growth and Development group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadya Jaimes
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Fundación la Misericordia HOMI, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Antolín
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Arumí
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Disorders, VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Blasco-Pérez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ida Paramonov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Mogas
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Soler-Colomer
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Yeste
- Growth and Development group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Sorapipatcharoen K, Tim-Aroon T, Mahachoklertwattana P, Chantratita W, Iemwimangsa N, Sensorn I, Panthan B, Jiaranai P, Noojarern S, Khlairit P, Pongratanakul S, Suprasongsin C, Korwutthikulrangsri M, Sriphrapradang C, Poomthavorn P. DUOX2 variants are a frequent cause of congenital primary hypothyroidism in Thai patients. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:1121-1134. [PMID: 33310921 PMCID: PMC7774760 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic etiologies of congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) in Thai patients. DESIGN AND METHODS CH patients were enrolled. Clinical characteristics including age, signs and symptoms of CH, pedigree, family history, screened thyroid-stimulating hormone results, thyroid function tests, thyroid imaging, clinical course and treatment of CH were collected. Clinical exome sequencing by next-generation sequencing was performed. In-house gene list which covered 62 potential candidate genes related to CH and thyroid disorders was developed for targeted sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the candidate variants. Thyroid function tests were determined in the heterozygous parents who carried the same DUOX2 or DUOXA2 variants as their offsprings. RESULTS There were 118 patients (63 males) included. Mean (SD) age at enrollment was 12.4 (7.9) years. Forty-five of 118 patients (38%) had disease-causing variants. Of 45 variants, 7 genes were involved (DUOX2, DUOXA2, TG, TPO, SLC5A5, PAX8 and TSHR). DUOX2, a gene causing thyroid dyshormonogenesis, was the most common defective gene (25/45, 56%). The most common DUOX2 variant found in this study was c.1588A>T. TG and TPO variants were less common. Fourteen novel variants were found. Thyroid function tests of most parents with heterozygous state of DUOX2 and DUOXA2 variants were normal. CONCLUSIONS DUOX2 variants were most common among Thai CH patients, while TG and TPO variants were less common. The c.1588A>T in DUOX2 gene was highly frequent in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnaree Sorapipatcharoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareenart Iemwimangsa
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Insee Sensorn
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bhakbhoom Panthan
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poramate Jiaranai
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saisuda Noojarern
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Khlairit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarunyu Pongratanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chittiwat Suprasongsin
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Poomthavorn:
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10
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Iwahashi-Odano M, Nagasaki K, Fukami M, Nishioka J, Yatsuga S, Asakura Y, Adachi M, Muroya K, Hasegawa T, Narumi S. Congenital Hypothyroidism Due to Truncating PAX8 Mutations: A Case Series and Molecular Function Studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5897054. [PMID: 32841355 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT PAX8 is a transcription factor required for thyroid development, and its mutation causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). More than 20 experimentally verified loss-of-function PAX8 mutations have been described, and all but one were located in the DNA-binding paired domain. OBJECTIVE We report the identification and functional characterization of 3 novel truncating PAX8 mutations located outside the paired domain. METHODS Three CH probands, diagnosed in the frame of newborn screening, had thyroid hypoplasia and were treated with levothyroxine. Next-generation sequencing-based mutation screening was performed. Functionality of the identified mutations were verified with Western blotting, intracellular localization assays, and transactivation assays with use of HeLa cells. Luciferase complementation assays were used to evaluate the effect of mutations on the interaction between PAX8 and its partner, NKX2-1. RESULTS Each proband had novel truncating PAX8 mutations that were I160Sfs*52, Q213Efs*27, and F342Rfs*85. Western blotting showed destabilization of the I160fs-PAX8 protein. Q213fs-PAX8 and F342fs-PAX8 showed normal protein expression levels and normal nuclear localization, but showed loss of transactivation of the luciferase reporter. By luciferase complementation assays, we showed that PAX8-NKX2-1 interaction was defective in Q213fs-PAX8. We also characterized the recombinant PAX8 proteins, and found that the protein sequence corresponding to exon 10 (363-400 aa residues) was essential for the PAX8-NKX2-1 interaction. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and molecular findings of 3 novel truncating PAX8 mutations located outside the paired domain were reported. Experiments using cultured cells and recombinant proteins showed that the C-terminal portion (ie, 363-400 aa) of PAX8 is required for the PAX8-NKX2-1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Iwahashi-Odano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yatsuga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yumi Asakura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanori Adachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Iwahashi-Odano M, Fujisawa Y, Ogata T, Nakashima S, Muramatsu M, Narumi S. Identification and functional characterization of a novel PAX8 mutation (p.His39Pro) causing familial thyroid hypoplasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 29:173-178. [PMID: 33088016 PMCID: PMC7534521 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PAX8, the gene for a thyroid-specific transcription factor,
causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with autosomal dominant inheritance. All previously
detected PAX8 mutations except one are located in the DNA-binding paired
domain. The proband, a 1-yr-old boy, was diagnosed with CH in the frame
of newborn screening. He had high serum TSH level (180 mU/L) and low serum free
T4 level (0.4 ng/dL). Ultrasonography revealed that the proband had thyroid
hypoplasia. Importantly, he had a family history of CH, i.e., his mother
also had CH and hypoplasia. Next generation sequencing-based mutation screening revealed a
novel heterozygous PAX8 mutation (c.116A>C, p.His39Pro) that was
transmitted to the proband from the mother. Expression experiments with HeLa cells
confirmed that His39Pro-PAX8 exhibited defective transactivation of the
TG promoter–luciferase reporter. In conclusion, we identified and
described a novel loss-of-function PAX8 mutation in a family with thyroid
hypoplasia. Patients with dominantly inherited CH and no extrathyroidal abnormalities
could have PAX8 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Iwahashi-Odano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Stoupa A, Al Hage Chehade G, Chaabane R, Kariyawasam D, Szinnai G, Hanein S, Bole-Feysot C, Fourrage C, Nitschke P, Thalassinos C, Pinto G, Mnif M, Baron S, De Kerdanet M, Reynaud R, Barat P, Hachicha M, Belguith N, Polak M, Carré A. High Diagnostic Yield of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in a Cohort of Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism Due to Dyshormonogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:545339. [PMID: 33692749 PMCID: PMC7937947 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.545339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular cause in a well-characterized cohort of patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) and Dyshormonogenesis (DH) by using targeted next-generation sequencing (TNGS). STUDY DESIGN We studied 19 well-characterized patients diagnosed with CH and DH by targeted NGS including genes involved in thyroid hormone production. The pathogenicity of novel mutations was assessed based on in silico prediction tool results, functional studies when possible, variant location in important protein domains, and a review of the recent literature. RESULTS TNGS with variant prioritization and detailed assessment identified likely disease-causing mutations in 10 patients (53%). Monogenic defects most often involved TG, followed by DUOXA2, DUOX2, and NIS and were usually homozygous or compound heterozygous. Our review shows the importance of the detailed phenotypic description of patients and accurate analysis of variants to provide a molecular diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In a clinically well-characterized cohort, TNGS had a diagnostic yield of 53%, in accordance with previous studies using a similar strategy. TG mutations were the most common genetic defect. TNGS identified gene mutations causing DH, thereby providing a rapid and cost-effective genetic diagnosis in patients with CH due to DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stoupa
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ghada Al Hage Chehade
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Rim Chaabane
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Medicine School, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Hanein
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Translational Genetics, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fourrage
- Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes University, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes University, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Thalassinos
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Pinto
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mouna Mnif
- Endocrinology Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sabine Baron
- Pediatrics Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Barat
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pediatric Endocrinology, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Neila Belguith
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Medicine School, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre Régional de Dépistage Néonatal (CRDN) Ile de France, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Michel Polak, ; Aurore Carré,
| | - Aurore Carré
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Michel Polak, ; Aurore Carré,
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13
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Santos-Silva R, Rosário M, Grangeia A, Costa C, Castro-Correia C, Alonso I, Leão M, Fontoura M. Genetic analyses in a cohort of Portuguese pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:1265-1273. [PMID: 31430255 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) can be caused by thyroid dysgenesis or dyshormonogenesis. A molecular genetic study is recommended in dyshormonogenesis, in syndromic hypothyroidism and when there is a family history of CH. The aim of this study was to identify a monogenic etiology for CH in selected individuals from a cohort of primary permanent CH. Methods From an initial cohort of 79 patients with permanent CH (3-19 years), 11 patients were selected for molecular analyses. Nine patients with dyshormonogenesis (normal in-situ gland or goiter) were screened for causative variants, by next-generation sequencing (NGS), in 28 genes known to be responsible for CH. One patient with a family history of CH was screened for the paired-box gene 8 (PAX8) gene and another patient with a syndromic CH was screened for the NKX2-1 gene. Results We found a monogenic basis of disease in eight patients, involving the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene (four patients), the thyroglobulin (TG) gene (two patients), and the PAX8 and NKX2-1 genes (one patient each). Two patients were heterozygotes, one harboring a variant in the TG gene and the other in the SLC5A5 gene. In one patient, we found no potential causative variants in any of the 28 genes screened. We described five novel variants: three in the TG gene, one in the NKX2-1 and one in the SLC5A5 gene, all of them classified as pathogenic. Conclusions In eight of the 11 screened patients, a monogenic disease was found. These results highlight the advantage of using an NGS panel and provide further data regarding the molecular basis of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Santos-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Rosário
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Grangeia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centro Hospitalar de S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cíntia Castro-Correia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alonso
- UnIGENe and CGPP/Units at i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Leão
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centro Hospitalar de S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Fontoura
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Mio C, Grani G, Durante C, Damante G. Molecular defects in thyroid dysgenesis. Clin Genet 2019; 97:222-231. [PMID: 31432505 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a neonatal endocrine disorder that might occur as itself or be associated to congenital extra-thyroidal defects. About 85% of affected subjects experience thyroid dysgenesis (TD), characterized by defect in thyroid gland development. In vivo experiments on null mice paved the way for the identification of genes involved thyroid morphogenesis and development, whose mutation has been strongly associated to TD. Most of them are thyroid-specific transcription factors expressed during early thyroid development. Despite the arduous effort in unraveling the genetics of TD in animal models, up to now these data have been discontinuously confirmed in humans and only 5% of TD have associated with known null mice-related mutations (mainly PAX8 and TSHR). Notwithstanding, the advance in genetic testing represented by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach is steadily increasing the list of genes whose highly penetrant mutation predisposes to TD. In this review we intend to outline the molecular bases of TD, summarizing the current knowledge on thyroid development in both mice and humans and delineating the genetic features of its monogenetic forms. We will also highlight current strategies to enhance the insight into the non-Mendelian mechanisms of abnormal thyroid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Mio
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grani
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital "Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine", Udine, Italy
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15
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Stoupa A, Adam F, Kariyawasam D, Strassel C, Gawade S, Szinnai G, Kauskot A, Lasne D, Janke C, Natarajan K, Schmitt A, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Léger J, Jabot-Hanin F, Tores F, Michel A, Munnich A, Besmond C, Scharfmann R, Lanza F, Borgel D, Polak M, Carré A. TUBB1 mutations cause thyroid dysgenesis associated with abnormal platelet physiology. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809569. [PMID: 30446499 PMCID: PMC6284387 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis (TD) remain largely unknown. We identified three novel TUBB1 gene mutations that co‐segregated with TD in three distinct families leading to 1.1% of TUBB1 mutations in TD study cohort. TUBB1 (Tubulin, Beta 1 Class VI) encodes for a member of the β‐tubulin protein family. TUBB1 gene is expressed in the developing and adult thyroid in humans and mice. All three TUBB1 mutations lead to non‐functional α/β‐tubulin dimers that cannot be incorporated into microtubules. In mice, Tubb1 knock‐out disrupted microtubule integrity by preventing β1‐tubulin incorporation and impaired thyroid migration and thyroid hormone secretion. In addition, TUBB1 mutations caused the formation of macroplatelets and hyperaggregation of human platelets after stimulation by low doses of agonists. Our data highlight unexpected roles for β1‐tubulin in thyroid development and in platelet physiology. Finally, these findings expand the spectrum of the rare paediatric diseases related to mutations in tubulin‐coding genes and provide new insights into the genetic background and mechanisms involved in congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stoupa
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Adam
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Strassel
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sanjay Gawade
- Department of Biomedicine, Pediatric Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- Department of Biomedicine, Pediatric Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Kauskot
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dominique Lasne
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Necker Children's Hospital, Biological Hematology Service, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatics Platform, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Léger
- RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1141, DHU Protect, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Bioinformatics Platform, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tores
- Bioinformatics Platform, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Anita Michel
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Translational Genetics, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Claude Besmond
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Translational Genetics, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Lanza
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Borgel
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Necker Children's Hospital, Biological Hematology Service, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Fédération Parisienne pour le Dépistage et la Prévention des Handicaps de l'Enfant (FPDPHE), Paris, France
| | - Aurore Carré
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France .,IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
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16
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Novel non-synonymous mutations of PAX8 in a cohort of Chinese with congenital hypothyroidism. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1322-1327. [PMID: 30888984 PMCID: PMC6629355 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor paired box 8 (PAX8) was associated with type 2 congenital non-goitrous hypothyroidism (CHNG2), a clinical phenotype of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Though studied in a few regions with different ethnicities, the incidence of PAX8 mutations varied, even among Chinese cohorts in different regions. This study aimed to identify and characterize PAX8 mutations and explore the prevalence of its mutations in another cohort of CH. METHODS The 105 unrelated Chinese patients with CH were collected from four major hospitals. Exomes of the 105 samples were sequenced by Hiseq 2000 platform to identify mutations of PAX8 on genomic DNAs extracted from peripheral blood samples. Luciferase reporter assays were used to assess the effects of mutations on the transcription of thyroid peroxidase (TPO). RESULTS Three PAX8 mutations in four subjects were identified in 105 samples. One variant, rs189229644, was detected in two subjects, and categorized as uncertain significance. The other two missense mutations (275T>C/Ile92Thr and 398G>A/Arg133Gln) were not detected in three large-scale genotyping projects, namely 1000 Genome Project, Exome Aggregation Consortium and GO Exome Sequencing Project. Functional studies for the two mutations revealed that they could impair the transcription ability of PAX8 on one of its target genes, TPO. Therefore, the two mutations were causative for the pathogenesis of CHNG2. After combining the studies of PAX8 mutations, an average frequency of 1.74% (21/1209) could be obtained in Chinese patients with CH. CONCLUSION The study specifically demonstrates the role of two mutations in impairing the transcription ability of PAX8, which should be considered as pathogenic variants for CH.
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17
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Iwahashi M, Narumi S. Systematic alanine scanning of PAX8 paired domain reveals functional importance of the N-subdomain. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:129-135. [PMID: 30730849 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-specific transcription factor PAX8 has an indispensable role in the thyroid gland development, which is evidenced by the facts that PAX8/Pax8 mutations cause congenital hypothyroidism in humans and mice. More than 90% of known PAX8 mutations were located in the paired domain, suggesting the central role of the domain in exerting the molecular function. Structure-function relationships of PAX8, as well as other PAX family transcription factors, have never been investigated in a systematic manner. Here, we conducted the first alanine scanning mutagenesis study, in which 132 alanine variants located in the paired domain of PAX8 were created and systematically evaluated in vitro. We found that 76 alanine variants (55%) were loss of function (LOF) variants (defined by <30% activity as compared with wild type PAX8). Importantly, the distribution of LOF variants were skewed, with more frequently observed in the N-subdomain (65% of the alanine variants in the N-subdomain) than in the C-subdomain (45%). Twelve out of 13 alanine variants in residues that have been affected in patients with congenital hypothyroidism were actually LOF, suggesting that the alanine scanning data can be used to evaluate the functional importance of mutated residues. Using our in vitro data, we tested the accuracy of seven computational algorithms for pathogenicity prediction, showing that they are sensitive but not specific to evaluate on the paired domain alanine variants. Collectively, our experiment-based data would help better understand the structure-function relationships of the paired domain, and would provide a unique resource for pathogenicity prediction of future PAX8 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Iwahashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Peters C, van Trotsenburg ASP, Schoenmakers N. DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Congenital hypothyroidism: update and perspectives. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:R297-R317. [PMID: 30324792 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be primary, due to a defect affecting the thyroid gland itself, or central, due to impaired thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-mediated stimulation of the thyroid gland as a result of hypothalamic or pituitary pathology. Primary CH is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, traditionally subdivided into thyroid dysgenesis (TD), referring to a spectrum of thyroid developmental abnormalities, and dyshormonogenesis, where a defective molecular pathway for thyroid hormonogenesis results in failure of hormone production by a structurally intact gland. Delayed treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism may result in profound neurodevelopmental delay; therefore, CH is screened for in developed countries to facilitate prompt diagnosis. Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) is a rarer entity which may occur in isolation, or (more frequently) in association with additional pituitary hormone deficits. CCH is most commonly defined biochemically by failure of appropriate TSH elevation despite subnormal thyroid hormone levels and will therefore evade diagnosis in primary, TSH-based CH-screening programmes. This review will discuss recent genetic aetiological advances in CH and summarize epidemiological data and clinical diagnostic challenges, focussing on primary CH and isolated CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peters
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - A S P van Trotsenburg
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research
Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Berto-Júnior C, Santos-Silva AP, Ferreira ACF, Graceli JB, de Carvalho DP, Soares P, Romeiro NC, Miranda-Alves L. Unraveling molecular targets of bisphenol A and S in the thyroid gland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26916-26926. [PMID: 30006815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor with several effects on reproduction, development, and cancer incidence, and it is highly used in the plastic industry. Bisphenol S (BPS) was proposed as an alternative to BPA since it has a similar structure and can be used to manufacture the same products. Some reports show that BPA interferes with thyroid function, but little is known about the involvement of BPS in thyroid function or how these molecules could possibly modulate at the same time the principal genes involved in thyroid physiology. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate in silico the possible interactions of BPA and BPS with the thyroid transcription factors Pax 8 and TTF1 and to study the actions in vivo of these compounds in zebrafish thyroid gene expression. Adult zebrafish treated with BPA or BPS showed that sodium iodide symporter, thyroglobulin, and thyroperoxidase genes were negatively or positively regulated, depending on the dose of the exposure. Human Pax 8 alignment with zebrafish Pax 8 and Rattus norvegicus TTF1 alignment with zebrafish TTF1 displayed highly conserved regions in the DNA binding sites. Molecular docking revealed the in silico interactions between the protein targets Pax 8 and TTF1 with BPA and BPS. Importance of some amino acids residues is highlighted and ratified by literature. There were no differences between the mean energy values for BPA docking in Pax 8 or TTF1. However, BPS energy values were lower in TTF1 docking compared to Pax 8 values. The number of amino acids on the protein interface was important for Pax 8 but not for TTF1. The main BPA interactions with proteins occurred through Van der Waals forces and pi-alkyl and alkyl interactions, while BPS interactions mainly occurred through carbon hydrogen bonds and conventional hydrogen bonds in addition to Van der Waals forces and pi-alkyl interactions. These data point to a possible interaction of BPA and BPS with Pax 8 and TTF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemilson Berto-Júnior
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373; Bloco G- Sala G1-060 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-912, Brazil
- Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373; Bloco G- Sala G1-060 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-912, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373; Bloco G- Sala G1-060 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-912, Brazil
- Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Polo de Xerém/NUMPEX, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernades Graceli
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373; Bloco G- Sala G1-060 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-912, Brazil
- Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. São José Barreto, 764 - São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373; Bloco G- Sala G1-060 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-912, Brazil.
- Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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20
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Chen XY, Qin XS. [Advances in genetic research of congenital hypothyroidism in China]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:243-250. [PMID: 29530127 PMCID: PMC7389777 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which results from insufficient thyroid hormone biosynthesis, is one of the most common neonatal endocrine disorders. Thyroid dysgenesis and thyroid dyshormonogenesis are the two causes of CH and either one will lead to deficiencies of enzymes during thyroid hormone biosynthesis and insufficient thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Recently, researchers have performed extensive studies on genetics of CH. This paper reviews genes reported to be associated with CH in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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21
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Liu S, Wang X, Zou H, Ge Y, Wang F, Wang Y, Yan S, Xia H, Xing M. Identification and characterization of novel PAX8 mutations in Congenital Hypothyroidism(CH) in a Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8707-8716. [PMID: 28060725 PMCID: PMC5352434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Based on mutations in PAX8 is associated with thyroid dysgenesis. We aim to identify and characterize PAX8 mutations in a large cohort of congenital hypothyroidism(CH) from thyroid dysgenesis in Chinese population. Methods We screened 453 unrelated Chinese patients with CH from thyroid dysgenesis for PAX8 mutations by sequencing the whole coding regions of PAX8 on genomic DNA isolated from blood. Cell transfection assays using various vector constructs and induced mutagenesis as well as electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to investigate the effects of selected mutations on the transcribing and binding activities of PAX8 at the promoters of target genes for thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroperoxidase (TPO). Results Five PAX8 mutations were found, yielding a mutation prevalence of 5/453 (1.1%). We selected two mutations in the critical paired domain of PAX8 and generated mutants D94N and G41V. We demonstrated G41V was unable to bind the specific sequence in the promoters of TG and TPO and activate them. D94N could bind to TG and TPO promoters and normally activate the TG promoter transcription but not the TPO promoter transcription. We also demonstrated a dominant negative role of the PAX8 mutants in impairing the function of the wild-type PAX8. Conclusion We for the first time documented the prevalence and characterized the function of PAX8 mutations in CH in Chinese population. The study specifically demonstrated the role of novel mutations D94N and G41V in impairing the function of PAX8, providing further evidence for genetic PAX8 defects as a disease mechanism in CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Genetic Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zou
- Neonatal Screening Center, Jinan Women & Children Medical Healthcare Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yinlin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengli Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Xia
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
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22
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Carré A, Stoupa A, Kariyawasam D, Gueriouz M, Ramond C, Monus T, Léger J, Gaujoux S, Sebag F, Glaser N, Zenaty D, Nitschke P, Bole-Feysot C, Hubert L, Lyonnet S, Scharfmann R, Munnich A, Besmond C, Taylor W, Polak M. Mutations in BOREALIN cause thyroid dysgenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:599-610. [PMID: 28025328 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder and is primarily caused by developmental abnormalities otherwise known as thyroid dysgenesis (TD). We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in a consanguineous family with TD and subsequently sequenced a cohort of 134 probands with TD to identify genetic factors predisposing to the disease. We identified the novel missense mutations p.S148F, p.R114Q and p.L177W in the BOREALIN gene in TD-affected families. Borealin is a major component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) with well-known functions in mitosis. Further analysis of the missense mutations showed no apparent effects on mitosis. In contrast, expression of the mutants in human thyrocytes resulted in defects in adhesion and migration with corresponding changes in gene expression suggesting others functions for this mitotic protein. These results were well correlated with the same gene expression pattern analysed in the thyroid tissue of the patient with BOREALIN-p.R114W. These studies open new avenues in the genetics of TD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Carré
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Athanasia Stoupa
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyrille Ramond
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Taylor Monus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Juliane Léger
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance
| | - Sébastien Gaujoux
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Sebag
- Department of General, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Glaser
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Zenaty
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes University, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Hubert
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Claude Besmond
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - William Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance
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23
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Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common hereditary endocrine disorder. In a small number of cases, mutations have been identified that are associated with maldevelopment and maldescent of the thyroid. Some of these mutations present as syndromes with a multisystem phenotype such as NKX2-1, PAX8, and FOXE. The association of permanent neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism was first reported in 2003 and subsequently led to the identification GLIS3 as the mutation responsible for this presentation. GLIS3 is a member of the GLI-similar zinc finger protein family encoding for a nuclear protein with five zinc finger domains and maps to chromosome 9p24. Given the role of GLIS3 in transcriptional activation and repression during embryogenesis, in humans, GLIS3 mutations present with multisystem involvement that also includes renal cystic dysplasia, progressive liver fibrosis and osteopenia. Thyroid findings in GLIS3 patients include thyroid aplasia, diminished colloid with interstitial fibrosis at post-mortem, and apparently normal gross thyroid anatomy on ultrasonography but with temporary TSH resistance on treatment. To date no biological mechanism has explained this variable presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dimitri
- University of Sheffield & Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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24
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Abstract
Developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, defined as thyroid dysgenesis, underlie the majority of cases of congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysgenesis is predominantly a sporadic disorder although a reported familial enrichment, variation of incidence by ethnicity and the monogenic defects associated mainly with athyreosis or orthotopic thyroid hypoplasia, suggest a genetic contribution. Of note, the most common developmental anomaly, thyroid ectopy, remains unexplained. Ectopy may result from multiple genetic or epigenetic variants in the germline and/or at the somatic level. This review provides a brief overview of the monogenic defects in candidate genes that have been identified so far and of the syndromes which are known to be associated with thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
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25
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Abstract
Resistance to thyrotropin (RTSH) is broadly defined as reduced sensitivity of thyroid follicle cells to stimulation by biologically active TSH due to genetic defects. Affected individuals have elevated serum TSH in the absence of goiter, with the severity ranging from nongoitrous isolated hyperthyrotropinemia to severe congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia. Conceptually, defects leading to RTSH impair both aspects of TSH-mediated action, namely thyroid hormone synthesis and gland growth. These include inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the TSH receptor and the PAX8 transcription factor. A common third cause has been genetically mapped to a locus on chromosome 15, but the underlying pathophysiology has not yet been elucidated. This review provides a succinct overview of currently defined causes of nonsyndromic RTSH, their differential diagnoses (autoimmune; partial iodine organification defects; syndromic forms of RTSH) and implications for the clinical approach to patients with RTSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Grasberger
- University of Michigan, 6504 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- The University of Chicago, MC3090, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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26
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Löf C, Patyra K, Kuulasmaa T, Vangipurapu J, Undeutsch H, Jaeschke H, Pajunen T, Kero A, Krude H, Biebermann H, Kleinau G, Kühnen P, Rantakari K, Miettinen P, Kirjavainen T, Pursiheimo JP, Mustila T, Jääskeläinen J, Ojaniemi M, Toppari J, Ignatius J, Laakso M, Kero J. Detection of Novel Gene Variants Associated with Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Finnish Patient Cohort. Thyroid 2016; 26:1215-24. [PMID: 27373559 PMCID: PMC5036323 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is defined as the lack of thyroid hormones at birth. Mutations in at least 15 different genes have been associated with this disease. While up to 20% of CH cases are hereditary, the majority of cases are sporadic with unknown etiology. Apart from a monogenic pattern of inheritance, multigenic mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in CH. The genetics of CH has not been studied in Finland so far. Therefore, multigenic sequencing of CH candidate genes was performed in a Finnish patient cohort with both familial and sporadic CH. METHODS A targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel, covering all exons of the major CH genes, was applied for 15 patients with sporadic and 11 index cases with familial CH. RESULTS Among the familial cases, six pathogenic mutations were found in the TPO, PAX8, and TSHR genes. Furthermore, pathogenic NKX2.1 and TG mutations were identified from sporadic cases, together with likely pathogenic variants in the TG, NKX2.5, SLC26A4, and DUOX2 genes. All identified novel pathogenic mutations were confirmed by Sanger-sequencing and characterized in silico and/or in vitro. CONCLUSION In summary, the CH panel provides an efficient, cost-effective, and multigenic screening tool for both known and novel CH gene mutations. Hence, it may be a useful method to identify accurately the genetic etiology for dyshormogenic, familial, or syndromic forms of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Löf
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Konrad Patyra
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jagadish Vangipurapu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henriette Undeutsch
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Holger Jaeschke
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuulia Pajunen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreina Kero
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Krista Rantakari
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Miettinen
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Turkka Kirjavainen
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo
- Turku Clinical Sequencing Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Mustila
- Department of Pediatrics, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Ignatius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Kero
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Goldis M, Waldman L, Marginean O, Rosenberg HK, Rapaport R. Thyroid Imaging in Infants. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2016; 45:255-66. [PMID: 27241963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. It is important to know the cause of each patient's thyroid dysfunction to foresee the course of therapy and outcomes. Imaging methods, such as ultrasound and thyroid scan, help determine the anatomy and function of the thyroid gland. Although thyroid scan is considered superior in detecting ectopic thyroid tissue, ultrasound is able to detect the presence of thyroid tissue not otherwise visualized in 15% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Goldis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Lindsey Waldman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Otilia Marginean
- 1st Paediatric Clinic of Victor Babes, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300011 Iosif Nemoianu, nr 2-3, Timisoara, Romania; Paediatric Endocrinology Department of Louis Turcanu, Children Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Henrietta Kotlus Rosenberg
- Radiology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital at Mount Sinai; Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Radiology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital at Mount Sinai
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28
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Abstract
Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions and includes a spectrum of developmental anomalies. The genetic components of TD are complex. Although a sporadic disease, advances in developmental biology have revealed monogenetic forms of TD. Inheritance is not based on a simple Mendelian pattern and additional genetic elements might contribute to the phenotypic spectrum. This article summarizes the key steps of normal thyroid development and provides an update on responsible genes and underlying mechanisms of TD. Up-to-date technologies in genetics and biology will allow us to advance in our knowledge of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stoupa
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France; Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Mechain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Carré
- Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France; Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Mechain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France; Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Mechain, 75014, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
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29
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Srichomkwun P, Admoni O, Refetoff S, de Vries L. A Novel Mutation (S54C) of the PAX8 Gene in a Family with Congenital Hypothyroidism and a High Proportion of Affected Individuals. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 86:137-142. [PMID: 27207603 PMCID: PMC5061635 DOI: 10.1159/000445891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine disorder in newborns. The cause of CH is thyroid dysgenesis in 80-85% of patients. Paired box gene 8 (PAX8) is a thyroid transcription factor that plays an important role in thyroid organogenesis and development. To date, 22 different PAX8 gene mutations have been reported. METHODS Four generations of a Hungarian Jewish family were affected, and in the 3 generations studied, 9 males and 4 females were affected and 3 first-degree relatives were unaffected. Six were diagnosed at birth [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level 59-442 mU/l] and 7 at 2-48 years of age (TSH level 6-223 mU/l). One affected patient had thyroid hemiagenesis on ultrasound. RESULTS Direct sequencing of the PAX8 gene revealed a novel single nucleotide substitution (c.162 A>T) in exon 2 that resulted in the substitution of the normal serine 54 with a cysteine (S54C), which segregated with elevated serum TSH levels. Other mutations of the same amino acid (S54G and S54R) have also been shown to produce functional impairment. CONCLUSION We report a large family with a novel mutation in the PAX8 gene presenting with variable phenotype and with a high proportion of affected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osnat Admoni
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Department of Pediatrics and the Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liat de Vries
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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30
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PAX8 pathogenic variants in Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:322-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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