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Goode EA, Orozco-Moreno M, Hodgson K, Nabilah A, Murali M, Peng Z, Merx J, Rossing E, Pijnenborg JFA, Boltje TJ, Wang N, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. Sialylation Inhibition Can Partially Revert Acquired Resistance to Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2953. [PMID: 39272811 PMCID: PMC11393965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a lethal solid malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. Treatments, including radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy, are available and have improved patient survival; however, recurrence remains a huge clinical challenge. Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist that is used to treat castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Among patients who initially respond to enzalutamide, virtually all acquire secondary resistance, and an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved is urgently needed. Aberrant glycosylation, and, in particular, alterations to sialylated glycans, have been reported as mediators of therapy resistance in cancer, but a link between tumour-associated glycans and resistance to therapy in prostate cancer has not yet been investigated. Here, using cell line models, we show that prostate cancer cells with acquired resistance to enzalutamide therapy have an upregulation of the sialyltransferase ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) and increased levels of α2,6-sialylated N-glycans. Furthermore, using the sialyltransferase inhibitor P-SiaFNEtoc, we discover that acquired resistance to enzalutamide can be partially reversed by combining enzalutamide therapy with sialic acid blockade. Our findings identify a potential role for ST6GAL1-mediated aberrant sialylation in acquired resistance to enzalutamide therapy for prostate cancer and suggest that sialic acid blockade in combination with enzalutamide may represent a novel therapeutic approach in patients with advanced disease. Our study also highlights the potential to bridge the fields of cancer biology and glycobiology to develop novel combination therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Margarita Orozco-Moreno
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kirsty Hodgson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Amirah Nabilah
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Meera Murali
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ziqian Peng
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jona Merx
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rossing
- GlycoTherapeutics B.V., 6511 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas J Boltje
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- GlycoTherapeutics B.V., 6511 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
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Zhong M, Xu W, Tian P, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Liang L, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Lu Y, Wei G. An Inherited Allele Confers Prostate Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance via RFX6/HOXA10-Orchestrated TGFβ Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401492. [PMID: 38932472 PMCID: PMC11348203 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations are cancer hallmark characteristics. However, the role of inherited cancer predisposition alleles in co-opting lineage factor epigenetic reprogramming and tumor progression remains elusive. Here the FinnGen cohort phenome-wide analysis, along with multiple genome-wide association studies, has consistently identified the rs339331-RFX6/6q22 locus associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk across diverse populations. It is uncovered that rs339331 resides in a reprogrammed androgen receptor (AR) binding site in PCa tumors, with the T risk allele enhancing AR chromatin occupancy. RFX6, an AR-regulated gene linked to rs339331, exhibits synergistic prognostic value for PCa recurrence and metastasis. This comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the oncogenic functions of RFX6 in promoting PCa cell proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistically, RFX6 upregulates HOXA10 that profoundly correlates with adverse PCa outcomes and is pivotal in RFX6-mediated PCa progression, facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and modulating the TGFβ/SMAD signaling axis. Clinically, HOXA10 elevation is associated with increased EMT scores, tumor advancement and PCa recurrence. Remarkably, reducing RFX6 expression restores enzalutamide sensitivity in resistant PCa cells and tumors. This findings reveal a complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in PCa pathogenesis and drug resistance, centered around disrupted prostate lineage AR signaling and abnormal RFX6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Pan Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Disease Networks Research UnitFaculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineBiocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOulu90220Finland
| | - Zixian Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Limiao Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yuehong Yang
- Disease Networks Research UnitFaculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineBiocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOulu90220Finland
| | - Ying Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Gong‐Hong Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterCancer Institutes, Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Disease Networks Research UnitFaculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineBiocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOulu90220Finland
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3
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Karelia D, Corey Z, Wang H, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Lü J, Jiang C. Library Screening and Preliminary Characterization of Synthetic Cannabinoids Against Prostate and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:523-536. [PMID: 36880938 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our previous screening efforts with colorectal cancer cell lines suggested potential cannabinoid therapeutic leads for other solid cancers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify cannabinoid lead compounds that have cytostatic and cytocidal activities against prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines and profile cellular responses and molecular pathways of select leads. Materials and Methods: A library of 369 synthetic cannabinoids was screened against 4 prostate and 2 pancreatic cancer cell lines with 48 h of exposure at 10 μM in medium with 10% fetal bovine serum using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. Concentration titration of the top 6 hits was carried out to identify their concentration-response patterns and calculate IC50 values. Three select leads were examined for cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy responses. The role of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and noncanonical receptors in apoptosis signaling was examined with selective antagonists. Results: Two independent screening experiments in each cell line detected growth inhibitory activities against all six or a majority of cancer cell lines for HU-331 (a known cannabinoid topoisomerase II inhibitor), (±)5-epi-CP55,940, and PTI-2, each previously identified in our colorectal cancer study. 5-Fluoro NPB-22, FUB-NPB-22, and LY2183240 were novel hits. Morphologically and biochemically, (±)5-epi-CP55,940 elicited caspase-mediated apoptosis of PC-3-luc2 (a PC-3 subline with luciferase) prostate cancer and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines, each the most aggressive of the respective organ site. The apoptosis induced by (±)5-epi-CP55,940 was abolished by the CB2 antagonist, SR144528, but not modulated by the CB1 antagonist, rimonabant, and GPR55 antagonist, ML-193, nor TRPV1 antagonist, SB-705498. In contrast, 5-fluoro NPB-22 and FUB-NPB-22 did not cause substantial apoptosis in either cell line, but resulted in cytosolic vacuoles and increased LC3-II formation (suggestive of autophagy) and S and G2/M cell cycle arrests. Combining each fluoro compound with an autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine, enhanced the apoptosis. Conclusions: 5-Fluoro NPB-22, FUB-NPB-22, and LY2183240 represent new leads against prostate and pancreatic cancer cells in addition to the previously reported compounds, HU-331, (±)5-epi-CP55,940, and PTI-2. Mechanistically, the two fluoro compounds and (±)5-epi-CP55,940 differed regarding their structures, CB receptor involvement, and death/fate responses and signaling. Safety and antitumor efficacy studies in animal models are warranted to guide further R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepkamal Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Corey
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wesley M Raup-Konsavage
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kent E Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junxuan Lü
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Chakroborty D, Singh AP. Prostate Cancer: Insights into Disease Progression and Therapeutic Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2451. [PMID: 38473699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth highest cause of cancer-related death among men in the world [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Chakroborty
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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5
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Giunta EF, Gasperoni L, De Giorgi U. Enzalutamide and leuprolide acetate in non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: the sooner the better? Future Oncol 2024; 20:163-166. [PMID: 38323376 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gasperoni
- Oncological Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola, Italy
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Waseem M, Gujrati H, Wang BD. Tumor suppressive miR-99b-5p as an epigenomic regulator mediating mTOR/AR/SMARCD1 signaling axis in aggressive prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1184186. [PMID: 38023145 PMCID: PMC10661933 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1184186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African American (AA) men exhibited 2.3-fold higher PCa incidence and 1.7-fold higher PCa mortality rates when compared to the European American (EA) men. Besides the socioeconomic factors, emerging evidence has highlighted that biological risk factors may play critical roles in the AA PCa disparities. Previously, we have shown that downregulated miR-99b-5p and upregulated mTOR cooperatively promotes the AA PCa aggressiveness and drug resistance. Methods In this study, we aimed to explore the miR-99b-5p/mTOR/AR/SMARCD1 signaling axis in AA PCa aggressiveness. The analyses used in the study included immunofluorescence, western blot, in-vitro functional assays (TUNEL, colony forming, and MTT), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assays in 2D and/or 3D culture model of EA PCa and AA PCa cell lines. Results Specifically, the immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analysis has revealed that nuclear mTOR, AR, and SMARCD1 were highly expressed in AA PCa (MDA PCa 2b) compared to EA PCa (LNCaP) cell line. Western blot analysis further revealed that miR-99b-5p inhibited protein levels of mTOR, AR/AR-V7 and SMARCD1 in cytoplasm and nuclei of EA and AA PCa. The in-vitro functional (MTT, TUNEL, and clonogenic) assays have demonstrated that miR-99b-5p effectively inhibited cell proliferation/survival and induced cell apoptosis in EA and AA PCa cells. Moreover, combination of miR-99b-5p and enzalutamide (Enz) synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity against aggressive AA PCa and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). mTOR ChIP-qPCR assays further demonstrated that miR-99b-5p or miR-99b-5p/Enz significantly reduces the recruitment of mTOR to the genes involved in the metabolic reprogramming in CRPC. Discussion Taken together, miR-99b-5p may function as an epigenomic driver to modulate the mTOR/AR/SMARCD1 signaling axis in AA PCa and resistant CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Himali Gujrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Princess Anne, MD, United States
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. Making the Case for Autophagy Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Combination with Androgen-Targeted Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5029. [PMID: 37894395 PMCID: PMC10605431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor targeting remains the primary therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer, encompassing androgen biosynthesis inhibitors and androgen receptor antagonists. While both androgen-receptor-positive and "castration-resistant" prostate cancer are responsive to these approaches, the development of resistance is an almost inevitable outcome leading to the castration-resistant form of the disease. Given that "cytoprotective" autophagy is considered to be a predominant mechanism of resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents as well as to radiation in the cancer literature, the purpose of this review is to evaluate whether autophagy plays a central role in limiting the utility of androgen deprivation therapies in prostate cancer. Unlike most of our previous reports, where multiple functional forms of autophagy were identified, making it difficult if not impossible to propose autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy, the cytoprotective form of autophagy appears to predominate in the case of androgen deprivation therapies. This opens a potential pathway for improving the outcomes for prostate cancer patients once effective and reliable pharmacological autophagy inhibitors have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
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Mayayo-Peralta I, Gregoricchio S, Schuurman K, Yavuz S, Zaalberg A, Kojic A, Abbott N, Geverts B, Beerthuijzen S, Siefert J, Severson TM, van Baalen M, Hoekman L, Lieftink C, Altelaar M, Beijersbergen RL, Houtsmuller A, Prekovic S, Zwart W. PAXIP1 and STAG2 converge to maintain 3D genome architecture and facilitate promoter/enhancer contacts to enable stress hormone-dependent transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9576-9593. [PMID: 37070193 PMCID: PMC10570044 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
How steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) regulate transcriptional activity remains partly understood. Upon activation, SHRs bind the genome together with a co-regulator repertoire, crucial to induce gene expression. However, it remains unknown which components of the SHR-recruited co-regulator complex are essential to drive transcription following hormonal stimuli. Through a FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screen, we functionally dissected the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) complex. We describe a functional cross-talk between PAXIP1 and the cohesin subunit STAG2, critical for regulation of gene expression by GR. Without altering the GR cistrome, PAXIP1 and STAG2 depletion alter the GR transcriptome, by impairing the recruitment of 3D-genome organization proteins to the GR complex. Importantly, we demonstrate that PAXIP1 is required for stability of cohesin on chromatin, its localization to GR-occupied sites, and maintenance of enhancer-promoter interactions. In lung cancer, where GR acts as tumor suppressor, PAXIP1/STAG2 loss enhances GR-mediated tumor suppressor activity by modifying local chromatin interactions. All together, we introduce PAXIP1 and STAG2 as novel co-regulators of GR, required to maintain 3D-genome architecture and drive the GR transcriptional programme following hormonal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mayayo-Peralta
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Gregoricchio
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karianne Schuurman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selçuk Yavuz
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherland
| | - Anniek Zaalberg
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar Kojic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Abbott
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Geverts
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherland
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Beerthuijzen
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Siefert
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa M Severson
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Baalen
- Flow Cytometry Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The NKI Robotics and Screening Centre, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The NKI Robotics and Screening Centre, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherland
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Mourkioti I, Polyzou A, Veroutis D, Theocharous G, Lagopati N, Gentile E, Stravokefalou V, Thanos DF, Havaki S, Kletsas D, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Stellas D, Petty R, Blandino G, Papaspyropoulos A, Gorgoulis VG. A GATA2-CDC6 axis modulates androgen receptor blockade-induced senescence in prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:187. [PMID: 37507762 PMCID: PMC10386253 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has proven effective in early-stage androgen-sensitive disease, but prostate cancer gradually develops into an androgen-resistant metastatic state in the vast majority of patients. According to our oncogene-induced model for cancer development, senescence is a major tumor progression barrier. However, whether senescence is implicated in the progression of early-stage androgen-sensitive to highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains poorly addressed. METHODS Androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (C4-2B and PC-3) cells were treated or not with enzalutamide, an Androgen Receptor (AR) inhibitor. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses were carried out in LNCaP cells to identify potential senescence regulators upon treatment. Assessment of the invasive potential of cells and senescence status following enzalutamide treatment and/or RNAi-mediated silencing of selected targets was performed in all cell lines, complemented by bioinformatics analyses on a wide range of in vitro and in vivo datasets. Key observations were validated in LNCaP and C4-2B mouse xenografts. Senescence induction was assessed by state-of-the-art GL13 staining by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrate that enzalutamide treatment induces senescence in androgen-sensitive cells via reduction of the replication licensing factor CDC6. Mechanistically, we show that CDC6 downregulation is mediated through endogenous activation of the GATA2 transcription factor functioning as a CDC6 repressor. Intriguingly, GATA2 levels decrease in enzalutamide-resistant cells, leading to CDC6 stabilization accompanied by activation of Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) markers and absence of senescence. We show that CDC6 loss is sufficient to reverse oncogenic features and induce senescence regardless of treatment responsiveness, thereby identifying CDC6 as a critical determinant of prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS We identify a key GATA2-CDC6 signaling axis which is reciprocally regulated in enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer environments. Upon acquired resistance, GATA2 repression leads to CDC6 stabilization, with detrimental effects in disease progression through exacerbation of EMT and abrogation of senescence. However, bypassing the GATA2-CDC6 axis by direct inhibition of CDC6 reverses oncogenic features and establishes senescence, thereby offering a therapeutic window even after acquiring resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mourkioti
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theocharous
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vasiliki Stravokefalou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris-Foivos Thanos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Department of Research, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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10
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Chandrasekaran B, Tapadar S, Wu B, Saran U, Tyagi A, Johnston A, Gaul DA, Oyelere AK, Damodaran C. Antiandrogen-Equipped Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Selectively Inhibit Androgen Receptor (AR) and AR-Splice Variant (AR-SV) in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061769. [PMID: 36980655 PMCID: PMC10046692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic modification influences androgen receptor (AR) activation, often resulting in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Silencing histone-modifying enzymes (histone deacetylases-HDACs) either genetically or pharmacologically suppresses PCa proliferation in preclinical models of PCa; however, results from clinical studies were not encouraging. Similarly, PCa patients eventually become resistant to androgen ablation therapy (ADT). Our goal is to develop dual-acting small molecules comprising antiandrogen and HDAC-inhibiting moieties that may overcome the resistance of ADT and effectively suppress the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods: Several rationally designed antiandrogen-equipped HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) were synthesized, and their efficacy on CRPC growth was examined both in vitro and in vivo. Results: While screening our newly developed small molecules, we observed that SBI-46 significantly inhibited the proliferation of AR+ CRPC cells but not AR- CRPC and normal immortalized prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1) or normal kidney cells (HEK-293 and VERO). Molecular analysis confirmed that SBI-46 downregulated the expressions of both AR+ and AR-splice variants (AR-SVs) in CRPC cells. Further studies revealed the downregulation of AR downstream (PSA) events in CRPC cells. The oral administration of SBI-46 abrogated the growth of C4-2B and 22Rv1 CRPC xenograft tumors that express AR or both AR and AR-SV in xenotransplanted nude mice models. Further, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that SBI-46 inhibits AR signaling in xenografted tumor tissues. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that SBI-46 is a potent agent that inhibits preclinical models of CRPC by downregulating the expressions of both AR and AR-SV. Furthermore, these results suggest that SBI-46 may be a potent compound for treating CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhasish Tapadar
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Bocheng Wu
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Uttara Saran
- Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Alexis Johnston
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - David A. Gaul
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Adegboyega K. Oyelere
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence: (A.K.O.); (C.D.); Tel.: +1-404-894-4047 (A.K.O.); +1-979-436-0495 (C.D.)
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Correspondence: (A.K.O.); (C.D.); Tel.: +1-404-894-4047 (A.K.O.); +1-979-436-0495 (C.D.)
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11
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Cannabidiol alters mitochondrial bioenergetics via VDAC1 and triggers cell death in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106683. [PMID: 36736415 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the huge advancements in both diagnosis and interventions, hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) remains a major hurdle in prostate cancer (PCa). Metabolic reprogramming plays a key role in PCa oncogenesis and resistance. However, the dynamics between metabolism and oncogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that two multi-target natural products, cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), suppress HRPC development in the TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model by reprogramming metabolic and oncogenic signaling. Mechanistically, CBD increases glycolytic capacity and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in enzalutamide-resistant HRPC cells. This action of CBD originates from its effect on metabolic plasticity via modulation of VDAC1 and hexokinase II (HKII) coupling on the outer mitochondrial membrane, which leads to strong shifts of mitochondrial functions and oncogenic signaling pathways. The effect of CBG on enzalutamide-resistant HRPC cells was less pronounced than CBD and only partially attributable to its action on mitochondria. However, when optimally combined, these two cannabinoids exhibited strong anti-tumor effects in TRAMP mice, even when these had become refractory to enzalutamide, thus pointing to their therapeutical potential against PCa.
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12
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Severson TM, Zhu Y, Prekovic S, Schuurman K, Nguyen HM, Brown LG, Hakkola S, Kim Y, Kneppers J, Linder S, Stelloo S, Lieftink C, van der Heijden M, Nykter M, van der Noort V, Sanders J, Morris B, Jenster G, van Leenders GJLH, Pomerantz M, Freedman ML, Beijersbergen RL, Urbanucci A, Wessels L, Corey E, Zwart W, Bergman AM. Enhancer profiling identifies epigenetic markers of endocrine resistance and reveals therapeutic options for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.24.23286403. [PMID: 36865297 PMCID: PMC9980263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.23286403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors, including enzalutamide, are treatment options for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but resistance inevitably develops. Using metastatic samples from a prospective phase II clinical trial, we epigenetically profiled enhancer/promoter activities with H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, before and after AR-targeted therapy. We identified a distinct subset of H3K27ac-differentially marked regions that associated with treatment responsiveness. These data were successfully validated in mCRPC patient-derived xenograft models (PDX). In silico analyses revealed HDAC3 as a critical factor that can drive resistance to hormonal interventions, which we validated in vitro . Using cell lines and mCRPC PDX tumors in vitro , we identified drug-drug synergy between enzalutamide and the pan-HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, providing therapeutic proof-of-concept. These findings demonstrate rationale for new therapeutic strategies using a combination of AR and HDAC inhibitors to improve patient outcome in advanced stages of mCRPC.
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13
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Li X, Zhuo S, Cho YS, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhu J, Jiang J. YAP antagonizes TEAD-mediated AR signaling and prostate cancer growth. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112184. [PMID: 36588499 PMCID: PMC9929633 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling restricts tumor growth by inhibiting the oncogenic potential of YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional complex. Here, we uncover a context-dependent tumor suppressor function of YAP in androgen receptor (AR) positive prostate cancer (PCa) and show that YAP impedes AR+ PCa growth by antagonizing TEAD-mediated AR signaling. TEAD forms a complex with AR to enhance its promoter/enhancer occupancy and transcriptional activity. YAP and AR compete for TEAD binding and consequently, elevated YAP in the nucleus disrupts AR-TEAD interaction and prevents TEAD from promoting AR signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of MST1/2 or LATS1/2, or transgenic activation of YAP suppressed the growth of PCa expressing therapy resistant AR splicing variants. Our study uncovers an unanticipated crosstalk between Hippo and AR signaling pathways, reveals an antagonistic relationship between YAP and TEAD in AR+ PCa, and suggests that targeting the Hippo signaling pathway may provide a therapeutical opportunity to treat PCa driven by therapy resistant AR variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Shu Zhuo
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Center for Cancer Targeted Therapies, Signet Therapeutics Inc.Research Institute of Tsinghua University in ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Yong Suk Cho
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Developmental BiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Dana‐Farber/Harvard Cancer CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental BiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Dana‐Farber/Harvard Cancer CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
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14
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Suominen MI, Knuuttila M, Schatz CA, Schlicker A, Vääräniemi J, Sjöholm B, Alhoniemi E, Haendler B, Mumberg D, Käkönen SM, Scholz A. Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Radium-223 and Enzalutamide in the Intratibial LNCaP Prostate Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032189. [PMID: 36768509 PMCID: PMC9916479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radium-223 dichloride and enzalutamide are indicated for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and their combination is currently being investigated in a large phase 3 clinical trial. Here, we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of radium-223, enzalutamide, and their combination in the intratibial LNCaP model mimicking prostate cancer metastasized to bone. In vitro experiments revealed that the combination of radium-223 and enzalutamide inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation and showed synergistic efficacy. The combination of radium-223 and enzalutamide also demonstrated enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy, as determined by measuring serum PSA levels in the intratibial LNCaP model. A decreasing trend in the total area of tumor-induced abnormal bone was associated with the combination treatment. The serum levels of the bone formation marker PINP and the bone resorption marker CTX-I were lowest in the combination treatment group and markedly decreased compared with vehicle group. Concurrent administration of enzalutamide did not impair radium-223 uptake in tumor-bearing bone or the ability of radium-223 to inhibit tumor-induced abnormal bone formation. In conclusion, combination treatment with radium-223 and enzalutamide demonstrated enhanced antitumor efficacy without compromising the integrity of healthy bone. The results support the ongoing phase 3 trial of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Schlicker
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Haendler
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sanna-Maria Käkönen
- Aurexel Life Sciences Ltd., 21240 Askainen, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Arne Scholz
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-468-16369
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15
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Nicolescu RCB, Maylin ZR, Pérez‐Areales FJ, Iegre J, Pandha HS, Asim M, Spring DR. Hybrid Androgen Receptor Inhibitors Outperform Enzalutamide and EPI-001 in in vitro Models of Prostate Cancer Drug Resistance. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200548. [PMID: 36300876 PMCID: PMC10098645 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor targeted therapies for prostate cancer have serious limitations in advanced stages of the disease. While resistance to the FDA-approved enzalutamide is extensively documented, novel therapies based on epichlorohydrin scaffolds (EPI) are currently in clinical trials, but display suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological characterisation of a novel class of compounds designed through covalently linking enzalutamide and EPI-001 through various triazole based linkers. The compounds display an 18 to 53 fold improvement in the cell killing potency towards C4-2b prostate cancer (PCa) cells compared to the gold standards of therapy, enzalutamide and EPI-001. The most promising compounds were proven to exhibit their toxicity exclusively through androgen receptor (AR) mediated pathways. This work sets the basis for the first class of hybrid AR inhibitors which successfully combine two drug moieties - EPI-001 and enzalutamide - into the same molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe R. Maylin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 TXHUK
| | | | - Jessica Iegre
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Hardev S. Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 TXHUK
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 TXHUK
| | - David R. Spring
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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16
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Karelia DN, Kim S, Plano D, Sharma AK, Jiang C, Lu J. Seleno-aspirin compound AS-10 promotes histone acetylation ahead of suppressing androgen receptor transcription, G1 arrest, and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2023; 83:16-29. [PMID: 35996318 PMCID: PMC9742153 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel selenium-aspirin compound AS-10 was recently reported by us with a cancer cell killing potency three orders of magnitude greater than aspirin in pancreatic cancer cell lines with caspase-mediated apoptosis and a reasonable selectivity against malignant cells. Although we also observed its cytocidal activity against PC-3 and DU145 androgen receptor (AR)-negative and P53-null/mutant aggressive human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines in NCI-60 screen, the potential involvement and targeting of AR and P53 pathways that are intact in early-stage prostate carcinogenesis has not been examined, nor its primary molecular signaling after exposure. METHODS Human LNCaP PCa cells with functional AR and intact P53 were used to examine their cell cycle and cell fate responses to AS-10 exposure and upstream molecular signaling events including histone acetylation as a known aspirin effect. The AR-positive 22Rv1 human PCa cells were used to validate key findings. RESULTS In addition to confirming AS-10's superior cytocidal potency than aspirin against all four PCa cell lines, we report a rapid (within 5 min) promotion of histone acetylation several hours ahead of the suppression of AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA, coded by KLK3 gene) in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. AS-10 decreased AR and KLK3 mRNA levels without impacting pre-existing AR protein degradation or nuclear translocation in LNCaP cells. Sustained exposure to AS-10 arrested cells predominantly in G1 , and induced caspase-mediated apoptosis without necrosis. The death induced by AS-10 in LNCaP cells was attenuated by nontranscriptional activation of P53 protein or Jun N-terminal Kinase cellular stress signaling and was mitigated modestly by glutathione-boosting antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. AS-10 synergized with histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA to suppress AR/PSA abundance and kill LNCaP cells. RNA-seq confirmed AR suppression at the transcriptional level and suggested multiple oncogene, cyclin, and CDK/CKI transcriptional actions to contribute to the cellular consequences. CONCLUSIONS AS-10 promotes histone acetylation as its probable primary mechanism of action to induce PCa cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, regardless of AR and P53 status. Nevertheless, the inhibition of AR signaling through mechanisms distinct from canonical AR antagonists may hold promise for combinatorial use with androgen deprivation therapy regimens or AR-axis targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepkamal N. Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sangyub Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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17
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Spanjaard A, Shah R, de Groot D, Buoninfante OA, Morris B, Lieftink C, Pritchard C, Zürcher LM, Ormel S, Catsman JJI, de Korte-Grimmerink R, Siteur B, Proost N, Boadum T, van de Ven M, Song JY, Kreft M, van den Berk PCM, Beijersbergen RL, Jacobs H. Division of labor within the DNA damage tolerance system reveals non-epistatic and clinically actionable targets for precision cancer medicine. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7420-7435. [PMID: 35819193 PMCID: PMC9303390 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosslink repair depends on the Fanconi anemia pathway and translesion synthesis polymerases that replicate over unhooked crosslinks. Translesion synthesis is regulated via ubiquitination of PCNA, and independently via translesion synthesis polymerase REV1. The division of labor between PCNA-ubiquitination and REV1 in interstrand crosslink repair is unclear. Inhibition of either of these pathways has been proposed as a strategy to increase cytotoxicity of platinating agents in cancer treatment. Here, we defined the importance of PCNA-ubiquitination and REV1 for DNA in mammalian ICL repair. In mice, loss of PCNA-ubiquitination, but not REV1, resulted in germ cell defects and hypersensitivity to cisplatin. Loss of PCNA-ubiquitination, but not REV1 sensitized mammalian cancer cell lines to cisplatin. We identify polymerase Kappa as essential in tolerating DNA damage-induced lesions, in particular cisplatin lesions. Polk-deficient tumors were controlled by cisplatin treatment and it significantly delayed tumor outgrowth and increased overall survival of tumor bearing mice. Our results indicate that PCNA-ubiquitination and REV1 play distinct roles in DNA damage tolerance. Moreover, our results highlight POLK as a critical TLS polymerase in tolerating multiple genotoxic lesions, including cisplatin lesions. The relative frequent loss of Polk in cancers indicates an exploitable vulnerability for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Spanjaard
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronak Shah
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël de Groot
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olimpia Alessandra Buoninfante
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Morris
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Intervention unit of the Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging research (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Zürcher
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shirley Ormel
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce J I Catsman
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske de Korte-Grimmerink
- Intervention unit of the Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging research (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Intervention unit of the Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging research (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Proost
- Intervention unit of the Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging research (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terry Boadum
- NKI Animal facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Intervention unit of the Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging research (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C M van den Berk
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Niture S, Tricoli L, Qi Q, Gadi S, Hayes K, Kumar D. MicroRNA-99b-5p targets mTOR/AR axis, induces autophagy and inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:107-127. [DOI: 10.3233/tub-211568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the small non-coding regulatory RNA molecules involved in gene regulation via base-pairing with complementary sequences in mRNAs. The dysregulation of specific miRNAs, such as miR-99b-5p (miR-99b), is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the mechanistic role of miR-99b in PCa remains to be determined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional and clinical significance of miR-99b in PCa. STUDY DESIGN: The expression of miR-99b and its downstream targets mTOR/AR in the PCa samples were analyzed by RT/qPCR. The effects of miR-99b overexpression/inhibition on PCa cell survival/proliferation, spheroid formation, and cell migration were examined by specific assays. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the binding of miR-99b to 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the mTOR gene. The effects of miR-99b on the expression of mTOR, AR, and PSA proteins, as well as on AKT/mTOR signaling, autophagy, and neuroendocrine differentiation markers were analyzed by western blotting. The expression of miR-99b, mTOR, AR, PSA in AR-negative PC3 and AR-positive LNCaP cells was analyzed by RT/qPCR. The effect of miR-99b on global gene expression in PC3 cells was analyzed by RNA-seq. RESULTS: The expression of miR-99b was downregulated in tumor samples from PCa patients, whereas the expression of mTOR and AR was upregulated. In PCa cell lines, overexpression of miR-99b inhibited cell proliferation and cell colony/spheroid formation; induced apoptosis, and increased sensitivity towards docetaxel (DTX). In contrast, inhibition of miR-99b by miR-99b inhibitor resulted in increased cell growth in PCa cells. Mechanistically, miR-99b inhibited the expression of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) gene by binding to its 3′ UTR and induced autophagy. Furthermore, miR-99b inhibited androgen receptor (AR) activity in LNCaP cells and induced apoptosis. Activation of AR signaling by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) downregulated miR-99b expression and promoted cell PCa cell growth/survival, whereas inactivation of mTOR by rapamycin or AR by enzalutamide decreased miR-99b mediated PCa cell growth. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that miR-99b functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting the mTOR/AR axis in PCa cells, implicating miR-99b as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lucas Tricoli
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sashi Gadi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kala Hayes
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
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19
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Linder S, Hoogstraat M, Stelloo S, Eickhoff N, Schuurman K, de Barros H, Alkemade M, Bekers EM, Severson TM, Sanders J, Huang CCF, Morova T, Altintas UB, Hoekman L, Kim Y, Baca SC, Sjostrom M, Zaalberg A, Hintzen DC, de Jong J, Kluin RJC, de Rink I, Giambartolomei C, Seo JH, Pasaniuc B, Altelaar M, Medema RH, Feng FY, Zoubeidi A, Freedman ML, Wessels LFA, Butler LM, Lack NA, van der Poel H, Bergman AM, Zwart W. Drug-induced epigenomic plasticity reprograms circadian rhythm regulation to drive prostate cancer towards androgen-independence. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2074-2097. [PMID: 35754340 PMCID: PMC7613567 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In prostate cancer, androgen receptor (AR)-targeting agents are very effective in various disease stages. However, therapy resistance inevitably occurs and little is known about how tumor cells adapt to bypass AR suppression. Here, we performed integrative multi-omics analyses on tissues isolated before and after 3 months of AR-targeting enzalutamide monotherapy from high-risk prostate cancer patients enrolled in a neoadjuvant clinical trial. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that AR inhibition drove tumors towards a neuroendocrine-like disease state. Additionally, epigenomic profiling revealed massive enzalutamide-induced reprogramming of pioneer factor FOXA1 - from inactive chromatin sites towards active cis-regulatory elements that dictate pro-survival signals. Notably, treatment-induced FOXA1 sites were enriched for circadian clock component ARNTL. Post-treatment ARNTL levels associated with poor outcome, and ARNTL knockout strongly decreased prostate cancer cell growth. Our data highlight a remarkable cistromic plasticity of FOXA1 following AR-targeted therapy, and revealed an acquired dependency on circadian regulator ARNTL, a novel candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Linder
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
| | | | - Suzan Stelloo
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nils Eickhoff
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Elise M Bekers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joyce Sanders
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tunc Morova
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sylvan C Baca
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Boston, United States
| | - Martin Sjostrom
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | | | | | - Roelof J C Kluin
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, BOSTON, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Rene H Medema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felix Y Feng
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | | | | | - Lisa M Butler
- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan A Lack
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Wilbert Zwart
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Cole RN, Chen W, Pascal LE, Nelson JB, Wipf P, Wang Z. (+)-JJ-74-138 is a novel non-competitive androgen receptor antagonist. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:483-492. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Chen D, Wang Y, Yang F, Keranmu A, Zhao Q, Wu L, Han S, Xing N. The circRAB3IP Mediated by eIF4A3 and LEF1 Contributes to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Targeting miR-133a-3p/miR-133b/SGK1 Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752573. [PMID: 34868959 PMCID: PMC8634431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs are closely related to the carcinogenesis and development of prostate cancer (PCa). However, little is known about the effect of the biological functions of circRNAs on the enzalutamide resistance of PCa. Through bioinformatic analysis and experiments, we investigated the expression pattern of circRNAs in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of circRAB3IP, and plasmids that knock down or overexpress circRAB3IP were used to evaluate its effect on the enzalutamide sensitivity of PCa cells. Mechanistically, we explored the potential regulatory effects of eIF4A3 and LEF1 on the biogenesis of circRAB3IP. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicated that increased expression of circRAB3IP was found in enzalutamide-resistant PCa, and knockdown of circRAB3IP significantly enhanced enzalutamide sensitivity in PCa cells. However, upregulation of circRAB3IP resulted in the opposite effects. Further mechanistic research demonstrated that circRAB3IP could regulate the expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) by serving as a sponge that directly targets miR-133a-3p/miR-133b. Then, we showed that circRAB3IP partially exerted its biological functions via SGK1 signaling. Furthermore, we discovered that eIF4A3 and LEF1 might increase circRAB3IP expression in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Adili Keranmu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sujun Han
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Kildal W, Kleppe A, Danielsen HE, Waehre H, Llarena R, Maelandsmo GM, Fodstad Ø, Pulido R, López JI. Immune checkpoint B7-H3 protein expression is associated with poor outcome and androgen receptor status in prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:838-848. [PMID: 34125445 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies may benefit specific groups of prostate cancer patients who are resistant to other treatments. METHODS We analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of B7-H3, PD-L1/B7-H1, and androgen receptor (AR) in tissue samples from 120 prostate adenocarcinoma patients treated with radical prostatectomy in Spain, and from 206 prostate adenocarcinoma patients treated with radical prostatectomy in Norway. RESULTS B7-H3 expression correlated positively with AR expression and was associated with biochemical recurrence in the Spanish cohort, but PD-L1 expression correlated with neither of them. Findings for B7-H3 were validated in the Norwegian cohort, where B7-H3 expression correlated positively with Gleason grade, surgical margins, seminal vesicle invasion, and CAPRA-S risk group, and was associated with clinical recurrence. High B7-H3 expression in the Norwegian cohort was also consistent with positive AR expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest distinct clinical relevance of the two immune checkpoint proteins PD-L1 and B7-H3 in prostate cancer. Our findings highlight B7-H3 as an actionable novel immune checkpoint protein in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Wanja Kildal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Kleppe
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard E Danielsen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Håkon Waehre
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Llarena
- Department of Urology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Gunhild M Maelandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
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23
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Peña-Hernández R, Aprigliano R, Carina Frommel S, Pietrzak K, Steiger S, Roganowicz M, Lerra L, Bizzarro J, Santoro R. BAZ2A-mediated repression via H3K14ac-marked enhancers promotes prostate cancer stem cells. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53014. [PMID: 34403195 PMCID: PMC8567280 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. Cancer stem cells are thought to be associated with PCa relapse. Here, we show that BAZ2A is required for PCa cells with a cancer stem‐like state. BAZ2A genomic occupancy in PCa cells coincides with H3K14ac‐enriched chromatin regions. This association is mediated by BAZ2A‐bromodomain (BAZ2A‐BRD) that specifically binds H3K14ac. BAZ2A associates with inactive enhancers marked by H3K14ac and repressing transcription of genes frequently silenced in aggressive and poorly differentiated PCa. BAZ2A‐mediated repression is also linked to EP300 that acetylates H3K14ac. BAZ2A‐BRD mutations or treatment with inhibitors abrogating BAZ2A‐BRD/H3K14ac interaction impair PCa stem cells. Furthermore, pharmacological inactivation of BAZ2A‐BRD impairs Pten‐loss oncogenic transformation of prostate organoids. Our findings indicate a role of BAZ2A‐BRD in PCa stem cell features and suggest potential epigenetic‐reader therapeutic strategies to target BAZ2A in aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Peña-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Aprigliano
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Carina Frommel
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Pietrzak
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Steiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Roganowicz
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,RNA Biology Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Lerra
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,RNA Biology Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Bizzarro
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Santoro
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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High Tumor Burden Predicts Poor Response to Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163966. [PMID: 34439119 PMCID: PMC8392339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several available medications are involved in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In this Taiwanese mCRPC cohort receiving enzalutamide patients with high tumor burden (HTB) were defined as those with either appendicular bony metastasis or visceral metastasis. A high tumor burden reduced the PSA response rate, radiological response rate, and progression-free survival duration. In addition, patients’ comorbidities and laboratory data—such as ALP, LDH, ALT, and hemoglobin—were correlated with the treatment efficacy of enzalutamide. Our study revealed a tumor burden before the use of enzalutamide was associated with treatment outcomes. The physician can use this information to estimate the response rate of enzalutamide and help formulate a personalized treatment plan for mCRPC patients. Abstract To assess the predictive value of tumor burden on the biochemical response, and radiological response in Taiwanese metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients receiving enzalutamide. The mCRPC patients treated with enzalutamide were recruited from three hospitals. High tumor burden (HTB) was classified as metastases at either appendicular bone or visceral organ. Good prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response was defined as PSA reduction of 80%. In this cohort, there were 104 (54.2%) HTB patients and 88 (45.8%) with low tumor burden (LTB). Compared to LTB patients, fewer HTB patients had good PSA response (odds ratio: 0.43, range: 0.22–0.87, p = 0.019) and fewer radiological response (complete and partial remission) (odds ratio: 0.78, range: 0.36–1.68, p = 0.52) to enzalutamide. The disease control rate which also contained stable disease, was still lower in HTB (76.0%) than LTB group (92.9%, OR: 0.24, range: 0.07–0.77, p = 0.016) in the multivariable model. In addition, HTB patients had significantly shorter progression–free survival duration than did LTB patients (median: 8.3 vs. 21.6 months, log-rank test p = 0.003) in the univariable analysis. The tumor burden before the use of enzalutamide was associated with treatment outcomes. HTB reduced PSA response rate, radiological response rate and progression-free survival duration.
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25
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Okwuosa TM, Morgans A, Rhee JW, Reding KW, Maliski S, Plana JC, Volgman AS, Moseley KF, Porter CB, Ismail-Khan R. Impact of Hormonal Therapies for Treatment of Hormone-Dependent Cancers (Breast and Prostate) on the Cardiovascular System: Effects and Modifications: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e000082. [PMID: 33896190 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the United States, and hormone-dependent cancers (breast and prostate cancer) are the most common noncutaneous malignancies in women and men, respectively. The hormonal (endocrine-related) therapies that serve as a backbone for treatment of both cancers improve survival but also increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among survivors. This consensus statement describes the risks associated with specific hormonal therapies used to treat breast and prostate cancer and provides an evidence-based approach to prevent and detect adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Areas of uncertainty are highlighted, including the cardiovascular effects of different durations of hormonal therapy, the cardiovascular risks associated with combinations of newer generations of more intensive hormonal treatments, and the specific cardiovascular risks that affect individuals of various races/ethnicities. Finally, there is an emphasis on the use of a multidisciplinary approach to the implementation of lifestyle and pharmacological strategies for management and risk reduction both during and after active treatment.
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26
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Zhang PF, Xie D, Li Q. Adding Enzalutamide to First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:608375. [PMID: 33634066 PMCID: PMC7902073 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.608375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic profile of adding enzalutamide to first-line treatment for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) from the US and Chinese payers' perspectives. Materials and Methods: A Markov model with three health states: progression-free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD), and death, was constructed. All patients were assumed to enter the model in the PFS state and transit according to the transition structure. Efficacy data were derived from the ENZAMET trial and Weibull distribution curves were modeled to fit the survival curves. Costs in the model included cost of drugs, best-supportive care (BSC), follow-up, tests, and adverse events (AEs)-related treatments. The primary endpoint of the study was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). In addition, the impact of several key parameters on the results of the cost-effectiveness analysis was tested with one-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: Overall, ICERs were $430,933.95/QALY and $225,444.74/QALY of addition of enzalutamide to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs. ADT from the US and Chinese payers' perspective, respectively. The most influential factors were the utility for the PFS state and the cost of enzalutamide. At the willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds of $100,000.00/QALY in the US and $28,988.40/QALY in China, the probability of adding enzalutamide to first-line treatment being a cost-effective option for mHSPC was 0%. Conclusions: Based on the data from the ENZAMET trial and the current price of enzalutamide, adding enzalutamide to first-line treatment is not cost-effective for patients with mHSPC from the US and Chinse payers' perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Xie Y, Wang L, Khan MA, Hamburger AW, Guang W, Passaniti A, Munir K, Ross DD, Dean M, Hussain A. Metformin and Androgen Receptor-Axis-Targeted (ARAT) Agents Induce Two PARP-1-Dependent Cell Death Pathways in Androgen-Sensitive Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040633. [PMID: 33562646 PMCID: PMC7914929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored whether the anti-prostate cancer (PC) activity of the androgen receptor-axis-targeted agents (ARATs) abiraterone and enzalutamide is enhanced by metformin. Using complementary biological and molecular approaches, we determined the associated underlying mechanisms in pre-clinical androgen-sensitive PC models. ARATs increased androgren receptors (ARs) in LNCaP and AR/ARv7 (AR variant) in VCaP cells, inhibited cell proliferation in both, and induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage and death in VCaP but not LNCaP cells. Metformin decreased AR and ARv7 expression and induced cleaved PARP-1-associated death in both cell lines. Metformin with abiraterone or enzalutamide decreased AR and ARv7 expression showed greater inhibition of cell proliferation and greater induction of cell death than single agent treatments. Combination treatments led to increased cleaved PARP-1 and enhanced PARP-1 activity manifested by increases in poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) and nuclear accumulation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Enhanced annexin V staining occurred in LNCaP cells only with metformin/ARAT combinations, but no caspase 3 recruitment occurred in either cell line. Finally, metformin and metformin/ARAT combinations increased lysosomal permeability resulting in cathepsin G-mediated PARP-1 cleavage and cell death. In conclusion, metformin enhances the efficacy of abiraterone and enzalutamide via two PARP-1-dependent, caspase 3-independent pathways, providing a rationale to evaluate these combinations in castration-sensitive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (A.H.)
| | - Linbo Wang
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Mohammad A. Khan
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Anne W. Hamburger
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei Guang
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kashif Munir
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Douglas D. Ross
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Arif Hussain
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.W.); (M.A.K.); (A.W.H.); (W.G.); (A.P.); (D.D.R.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (A.H.)
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28
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Lee KH, Kim BC, Jeong CW, Ku JH, Kim HH, Kwak C. MLL5, a histone modifying enzyme, regulates androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer cells by recruiting co-regulators, HCF1 and SET1. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 33050986 PMCID: PMC7781910 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor is a major regulator of cell proliferation and metastasis. To identify new AR regulators, we focused on Mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5), a histone-regulating enzyme, because significantly higher MLL5 expression was detected in prostate cancer tissues than in matching normal tissues. When we expressed shRNAs targeting MLL5 gene in prostate cancer cell line, the growth rate and AR activity were reduced compared to those in control cells, and migration ability of the knockdown cells was reduced significantly. To determine the molecular mechanisms of MLL5 on AR activity, we proved that AR physically interacted with MLL5 and other co-factors, including SET-1 and HCF-1, using an immunoprecipitation method. The chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed reduced binding of MLL5, co-factors, and AR enzymes to AR target gene promoters in MLL5 shRNA-expressing cells. Histone H3K4 methylation on the AR target gene promoters was reduced, and H3K9 methylation at the same site was increased in MLL5 knockdown cells. Finally, xenograft tumor formation revealed that reduction of MLL5 in prostate cancer cells retarded tumor growth. Our results thus demonstrate the important role of MLL5 as a new epigenetic regulator of AR in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byung-Chan Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Son Y, Chialastri P, Scali JT, Mueller TJ. Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate to the Brain Initially Suspected as Meningioma by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Cureus 2020; 12:e12285. [PMID: 33520493 PMCID: PMC7834587 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis from prostate cancer is rare, occurring in less than 1% of metastatic prostate cancer patients. Brain metastasis can cause edema, neurologic symptoms, and may be misdiagnosed as primary brain tumors on imaging. A 68-year-old male presented to the emergency department complaining of headaches, right-sided weakness, multiple falls, and a 45 pounds of unintentional weight loss. Computerized tomography (CT) scan without contrast of the head showed a 3.2 cm right frontal mass with edema suspicious for meningioma. Associated nonspecific bony lesions were found on CT of the abdomen and pelvis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a 2.8 cm right frontal mass with an enhanced dural tail. Preoperative labs were noteworthy for a hemoglobin of 9.7 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 66.7 ng/ml. Craniotomy with resection of tumor was performed with a frozen sample diagnosed as meningioma. Permanent pathology with stains were positive for PSA and prostatic-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), making the diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Postoperatively, nuclear bone scan showed uptake in the axial skeleton consistent with metastasis. After the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer was made, bicalutamide was administered followed by degarelix with plans to transition to leuprorelin one month later. This is to be followed up by whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). PSA was 118.53 ng/ml three weeks after craniotomy, but prior to androgen deprivation therapy. Metastatic prostate cancer can present with neurological symptoms most commonly following spread to the axial skeleton and impingement of the spinal cord. Metastasis to the brain is rare and is usually associated with vague symptomatology depending on extent and location of the lesion. While brain metastasis can occur in known prostate cancer patients, this case shows that metastasis can occur prior to any formal prostate cancer diagnosis and can be mistaken for meningioma on imaging and frozen sectioning. Practitioners must be vigilant, and precautions should be taken to rule in metastatic prostate cancer as a possible cause for a brain lesion in patients of the appropriate demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Son
- Urology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA
| | - Paul Chialastri
- Urology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA
| | - Julia T Scali
- Urology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA
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30
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Gao L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu J, Sun F, Liu H, Hu J, Wang X, Wang X, Su P, Chen S, Qu S, Shi B, Xiong X, Chen W, Dong X, Han B. KIF15-Mediated Stabilization of AR and AR-V7 Contributes to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 81:1026-1039. [PMID: 33277366 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The new generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitor enzalutamide can prolong the survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, resistance to enzalutamide inevitably develops in these patients, and the underlying mechanisms of this resistance are not fully defined. Here we demonstrate that the kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) contributes to enzalutamide resistance by enhancing the AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. KIF15 directly bound the N-terminus of AR/AR-V7 and prevented AR/AR-V7 proteins from degradation by increasing the protein association of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) with AR/AR-V7. In turn, the transcriptionally active AR stimulated KIF15 expression. KIF15 inhibitors alone or in combination with enzalutamide significantly suppressed enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell growth and xenograft progression. These findings highlight a key role of KIF15 in enabling prostate cancer cells to develop therapy resistance to enzalutamide and rationalize KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate how reciprocal activation between KIF15 and AR contributes to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer and highlights cotargeting KIF15 and AR as a therapeutic strategy for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sifeng Qu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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31
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Maloney SM, Hoover CA, Morejon-Lasso LV, Prosperi JR. Mechanisms of Taxane Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3323. [PMID: 33182737 PMCID: PMC7697134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxane family of chemotherapy drugs has been used to treat a variety of mostly epithelial-derived tumors and remain the first-line treatment for some cancers. Despite the improved survival time and reduction of tumor size observed in some patients, many have no response to the drugs or develop resistance over time. Taxane resistance is multi-faceted and involves multiple pathways in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and the transport of foreign substances. In this review, we dive deeper into hypothesized resistance mechanisms from research during the last decade, with a focus on the cancer types that use taxanes as first-line treatment but frequently develop resistance to them. Furthermore, we will discuss current clinical inhibitors and those yet to be approved that target key pathways or proteins and aim to reverse resistance in combination with taxanes or individually. Lastly, we will highlight taxane response biomarkers, specific genes with monitored expression and correlated with response to taxanes, mentioning those currently being used and those that should be adopted. The future directions of taxanes involve more personalized approaches to treatment by tailoring drug-inhibitor combinations or alternatives depending on levels of resistance biomarkers. We hope that this review will identify gaps in knowledge surrounding taxane resistance that future research or clinical trials can overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Maloney
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Camden A. Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
| | - Lorena V. Morejon-Lasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
| | - Jenifer R. Prosperi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
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Verma S, Prajapati KS, Kushwaha PP, Shuaib M, Kumar Singh A, Kumar S, Gupta S. Resistance to second generation antiandrogens in prostate cancer: pathways and mechanisms. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:742-761. [PMID: 35582225 PMCID: PMC8992566 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgens/androgen receptor (AR) signaling continues to be the mainstay treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer. The use of second-generation antiandrogens, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, has improved the survival of prostate cancer patients; however, a majority of these patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The mechanisms of resistance to antiandrogen treatments are complex, including specific mutations, alternative splicing, and amplification of oncogenic proteins resulting in dysregulation of various signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the major mechanisms of acquired resistance to second generation antiandrogens, including AR-dependent and AR-independent resistance mechanisms as well as other resistance mechanisms leading to CRPC emergence. Evolving knowledge of resistance mechanisms to AR targeted treatments will lead to additional research on designing more effective therapies for advanced-stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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33
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Lee HY, Chen HL, Teoh JYC, Chen TC, Hao SY, Tsai HY, Huang WH, Juan YS, Cheng HM, Chang HM. Abiraterone and enzalutamide had different adverse effects on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 24:244-252. [PMID: 32860011 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-00275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiraterone and enzalutamide may increase the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using a combination of keywords related to "abiraterone," "enzalutamide," "prostate cancer," and "adverse events." Phase II-IV randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on abiraterone or enzalutamide for patients with nonmetastatic or metastatic CRPC were included. Outcome measures included (1) any grade cardiac disorder, (2) severe grade cardiac disorder, (3) any grade hypertension, and (4) severe grade hypertension, as defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed to investigate the risk ratios (RRs) of abiraterone and enzalutamide. Surface under cumulative ranking curves (SUCRAs) and cumulative ranking probability plots based on the probability of developing cardiac disorders or hypertension were presented. RESULTS A total of 7103 patients from seven RCTs were included. Upon pairwise meta-analysis, abiraterone was associated with increased risks of any grade (RR = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-1.73) and severe grade cardiac disorders (RR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.16-2.53); enzalutamide was associated with increased risks of any grade (RR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.93-3.66) and severe grade hypertension (RR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.86-4.18). Based on the SUCRA rankings, abiraterone had a higher probability of cardiac disorders (84.84% for any grade and 85.12% for severe grade) than enzalutamide (62.83% for any grade and 50.76% for severe grade); whereas enzalutamide had a higher probability of hypertension (99.43% for any grade and 89.71% for severe grade) than abiraterone (49.08% for any grade and 49.37% for severe grade). CONCLUSIONS Abiraterone and enzalutamide had different adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. We should take this into consideration when we are deciding on the choice of novel hormonal agents for patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang Ying Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tun-Chieh Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yuan Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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34
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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35
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Yang C, Dai Y, Pang S, Guo X. Efficacy of abiraterone combined with flutamide on prostate cancer patients and its effect on serum miR-493-5p and miR-195-5p. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1922-1930. [PMID: 32724436 PMCID: PMC7377194 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of abiraterone combined with flutamide on patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and its effect on levels of miR-493-5p and miR-195-5p contained in serum were investigated. The medical records of 146 PCa patients admitted to Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2011 to December 2013 were selected. Eighty-four patients were treated with abiraterone combined with flutamide as a study group, 62 patients were treated with abiraterone alone as a control group. The curative effect, adverse reactions, quality of life and five-year overall survival (OS) of the two groups were compared. The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was measured by radioimmunoassay at 3 days (T1) before treatment, 1 month (T2), 2 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) after treatment, and the relative expression of miR-493-5p and miR-195-5p in serum were detected by qRT-PCR. The total effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of toxic and side effects in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The improvement rate of quality of life in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). OS in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 5 years (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum PSA level between the two groups at T1 (P>0.05); there was no significant difference in the relative expression of miR-493-5p and miR-195-5p between the two groups at T1 (P>0.05). In conclusion, abiraterone combined with flutamide has better curative effect and lower incidence of adverse reactions in patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) than abiraterone alone, and can increase the expression levels of miR-493-5p and miR-195-5p in patient serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Dai
- Laboratory Department, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Pang
- Clinical Laboratory, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- School of Nursing, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, P.R. China
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36
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The Prospect of Identifying Resistance Mechanisms for Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Circulating Tumor Cells: Is Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition a Key Player? Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:7938280. [PMID: 32292603 PMCID: PMC7149487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7938280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is initially driven by excessive androgen receptor (AR) signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being a major therapeutic approach to its treatment. However, the development of drug resistance is a significant limitation on the effectiveness of both first-line and more recently developed second-line ADTs. There is a need then to study AR signaling within the context of other oncogenic signaling pathways that likely mediate this resistance. This review focuses on interactions between AR signaling, the well-known phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathway, and an emerging mediator of these pathways, the Hippo/YAP1 axis in metastatic castrate-resistant PCa, and their involvement in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a feature of disease progression and ADT resistance. Analysis of these pathways in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an opportunity to evaluate their utility as biomarkers and address their importance in the development of resistance to current ADT with potential to guide future therapies.
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37
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Characterization of the Menin-MLL Interaction as Therapeutic Cancer Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010201. [PMID: 31947537 PMCID: PMC7016952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the interaction of menin with the histone methyltransferase MLL1 (KMT2A) has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy. Beneficial therapeutic effects have been postulated in leukemia, prostate, breast, liver and in synovial sarcoma models. In those indications, MLL1 recruitment by menin was described to critically regulate the expression of disease associated genes. However, most findings so far rely on single study reports. Here we independently evaluated the pathogenic functions of the menin-MLL interaction in a large set of different cancer models with a potent and selective probe inhibitor BAY-155. We characterized the inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction for anti-proliferation, gene transcription effects, and for efficacy in several in vivo xenografted tumor models. We found a specific therapeutic activity of BAY-155 primarily in AML/ALL models. In solid tumors, we observed anti-proliferative effects of BAY-155 in a surprisingly limited fraction of cell line models. These findings were further validated in vivo. Overall, our study using a novel, highly selective and potent inhibitor, shows that the menin-MLL interaction is not essential for the survival of most solid cancer models. We can confirm that disrupting the menin-MLL complex has a selective therapeutic benefit in MLL-fused leukemia. In solid cancers, effects are restricted to single models and more limited than previously claimed.
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38
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Shiota M, Ushijima M, Imada K, Kashiwagi E, Takeuchi A, Inokuchi J, Tatsugami K, Kajioka S, Eto M. Cigarette smoking augments androgen receptor activity and promotes resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Prostate 2019; 79:1147-1155. [PMID: 31077419 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with worse outcomes in prostate cancer, whose growth is dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. We aimed to elucidate the biological effect of cigarette smoking on AR signaling and its clinical influence on oncological outcome. METHODS Gene expression levels after exposure to tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis in prostate cancer cells. Cellular sensitivities to enzalutamide and docetaxel after TSC exposure were evaluated using a prostate cancer cell proliferation assay. Prognosis was compared between current smokers and nonsmokers when treated with AR-axis-targeting (ARAT) agent enzalutamide and docetaxel. RESULTS Expression of AR variants as well as prostate-specific antigen was augmented after TSC exposure, which occurred after Akt phosphorylation. These inductions were suppressed by Akt inhibitor LY294002 as well as antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Consistently, TSC exposure augmented cellular resistance to enzalutamide. In clinical data, cigarette smoking was associated with worse progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival when patients with prostate cancer were treated with ARAT agents but not docetaxel. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that cigarette smoking leads to detrimental oncological outcome when prostate cancer patients are treated with ARAT agents through induction of aberrant AR signaling. Accordingly, we recommend that patients with advanced prostate cancer should refrain from cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Ushijima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Imada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tatsugami
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kajioka
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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