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Natallia L, Dama A, Gorica E, Darya K, Peña-Corona SI, Cortés H, Santini A, Büsselberg D, Leyva-Gómez G, Sharifi-Rad J. Genipin's potential as an anti-cancer agent: from phytochemical origins to clinical prospects. Med Oncol 2024; 41:186. [PMID: 38918260 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted aspects of genipin, a bioactive compound derived from medicinal plants, focusing on its anti-cancer potential. The review begins by detailing the sources and phytochemical properties of genipin, underscoring its significance in traditional medicine and its transition into contemporary cancer research. It then explores the intricate relationship between genipin's chemical structure and its observed anti-cancer activity, highlighting the molecular underpinnings contributing to its therapeutic potential. This is complemented by a thorough analysis of preclinical studies, which investigates genipin's efficacy against various cancer cell lines and its mechanisms of action at the cellular level. A crucial component of the review is the examination of genipin's bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, providing insights into how the compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. Then, this review offers a general and updated overview of the anti-cancer studies of genipin and its derivatives based on its basic molecular mechanisms, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and disruption of cancer cell signaling pathways. We include information that complements the genipin study, such as toxicity data, and we differentiate this review by including commercial status, disposition, and regulation. Also, this review of genipin stands out for incorporating information on proposals for a technological approach through its load in nanotechnology to improve its bioavailability. The culmination of this information positions genipin as a promising candidate for developing novel anti-cancer drugs capable of supplementing or enhancing current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapava Natallia
- Medicine Standardization Department of Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus.
| | - Aida Dama
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Zogu I Blvd., 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Zogu I Blvd., 1001, Tirana, Albania
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karaliova Darya
- Medicine Standardization Department of Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Han JH, Kim MT, Myung CS. Garcinia Cambogia Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Imbalance by Enhancing Calcium/CaMKII/AMPK/GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100669. [PMID: 35213784 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) is known to have antiobesity effects. In this study, the therapeutic effects of G. cambogia on glucose homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetes are explored and the underlying mechanisms are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS C2C12 myotubes are treated with G. cambogia; glucose uptake, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and related alterations in signaling pathways are examined. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are administered G. cambogia for 8 weeks; oral glucose tolerance is evaluated, and the regulation of identified targets of signaling pathways in quadriceps skeletal muscle are examined in vivo. G. cambogia increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and induces the upregulation of AMPK, ACC, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Notably, G. cambogia markedly elevates both intracellular Ca2+ levels, activating CaMKII, a Ca2+ -sensing protein, and TBC1D4-mediated GLUT4 translocation, to facilitate glucose uptake. Furthermore, high-glucose-induced inhibition of glucose uptake and signal transduction is reverted by G. cambogia. In an HFD-induced diabetes mouse model, G. cambogia administration results in significant blood glucose-lowering effects, which are attributed to the regulation of targets that have been identified in vitro, in quadricep skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which G. cambogia regulates glucose homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenoids: An Update. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010182. [PMID: 35011414 PMCID: PMC8746715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin levels or insulin resistance. Despite the availability of several oral and injectable hypoglycemic agents, their use is associated with a wide range of side effects. Monoterpenes are compounds extracted from different plants including herbs, vegetables, and fruits and they contribute to their aroma and flavor. Based on their chemical structure, monoterpenes are classified into acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes. They have been found to exhibit numerous biological and medicinal effects such as antipruritic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Therefore, monoterpenes emerged as promising molecules that can be used therapeutically to treat a vast range of diseases. Additionally, monoterpenes were found to modulate enzymes and proteins that contribute to insulin resistance and other pathological events caused by DM. In this review, we highlight the different mechanisms by which monoterpenes can be used in the pharmacological intervention of DM via the alteration of certain enzymes, proteins, and pathways involved in the pathophysiology of DM. Based on the fact that monoterpenes have multiple mechanisms of action on different targets in in vitro and in vivo studies, they can be considered as lead compounds for developing effective hypoglycemic agents. Incorporating these compounds in clinical trials is needed to investigate their actions in diabetic patients in order to confirm their ability in controlling hyperglycemia.
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Yamashita H, Ohbuchi K, Nagino M, Ebata T, Tsuchiya K, Kushida H, Yokoyama Y. Comprehensive metabolome analysis for the pharmacological action of inchinkoto, a hepatoprotective herbal medicine. Metabolomics 2021; 17:106. [PMID: 34855010 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The precise pharmacological action of inchinkoto (ICKT, Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang in Chinese), a hepatoprotective herbal medicine, on total metabolic pathways has not been well investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the serum metabolites reflecting the pharmacological activity of ICKT, and mechanism of action of ICKT using serum metabolome analysis. METHODS 54 patients with obstructive jaundice due to malignancies were included in this study. ICKT was administered for 3 days. Serum and bile samples were collected before and 1 h after ICKT administration on days 1 and 4. Serum metabolome analysis including ICKT components were performed. RESULTS The levels of total/direct bilirubin, C-reactive protein, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and albumin in the serum were significantly improved after ICKT administration. In the serum metabolome analysis, inosine was the only elevated metabolite on days 1 and 4. Most of the metabolites which were significantly changed after ICKT administration were lipid mediators, and all decreased on day 1. Notably, the levels of many lipid mediators were increased on day 4. The difference in serum aspartic acid 1 h after ICKT administration was significantly correlated with a decrease in the levels of total bilirubin in the serum on day 4. CONCLUSIONS Using metabolome analysis, we demonstrated several metabolic changes that may be associated with the pharmacological mechanisms of ICKT. The biological implications of these metabolites should be further investigated in basic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yamashita
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsuchiya
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kushida
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Liu R, Wu Q, Huang X, Zhao X, Chen X, Chen Y, Weitz DA, Song Y. Synthesis of nanomedicine hydrogel microcapsules by droplet microfluidic process and their pH and temperature dependent release. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37814-37823. [PMID: 35498106 PMCID: PMC9043787 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and alginate hydrogels are attractive because they are highly biocompatible and suitable for developing nanomedicine microcapsules. Here we fabricated a polydimethylsiloxane-based droplet microfluidic reactor to synthesize nanomedicine hydrogel microcapsules using Au@CoFeB-Rg3 as a nanomedicine model and a mixture of sodium alginate and PEG-g-chitosan crosslinked by genipin as a hydrogel model. The release kinetics of nanomedicines from the hydrogel were evaluated by simulating the pH and temperature of the digestive tract during drug transport and those of the target pathological cell microenvironment. Their pH and temperature-dependent release kinetics were studied by measuring the mass loss of small pieces of thin films formed by the nanomedicine-encapsulating hydrogels in buffers of pH 1.2, 7.4, and 5.5, which replicate the pH of the stomach, gut and blood, and cancer microenvironment, respectively, at 20 °C and 37 °C, corresponding to the storage temperature of hydrogels before use and normal body temperature. Interestingly, nanomedicine-encapsulating hydrogels can undergo rapid decomposition at pH 5.5 and are relatively stable at pH 7.4 at 37 °C, which are desirable qualities for drug delivery, controlled release, and residue elimination after achieving target effects. These results indicate that the designed nanomedicine hydrogel microcapsule system is suitable for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Center for Modern Physics Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Pulsed Power Translational Medicine Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Center for Modern Physics Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Pulsed Power Translational Medicine Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Xing Huang
- Physics Department, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Xiaoxiong Zhao
- Center for Modern Physics Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Pulsed Power Translational Medicine Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Pulsed Power Translational Medicine Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Pulsed Power Translational Medicine Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - David A Weitz
- Physics Department, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Yujun Song
- Center for Modern Physics Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Pulsed Power Translational Medicine Hangzhou 310000 China
- Physics Department, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Zhang J, Wang YN, Jia T, Huang H, Zhang D, Xu X. Genipin and insulin combined treatment improves implant osseointegration in type 2 diabetic rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:59. [PMID: 33446235 PMCID: PMC7809857 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a harmful effect on the stability and osseointegration of dental implants. T2DM induces mitochondrial damage by inhibiting AMPK signaling, resulting in oxidative stress and poor osteogenesis in the peri-implant bone area. Genipin is a major component of gardenia fruits with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and antidiabetic actions, and it also can activate mitochondrial quality control via the AMPK pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genipin and insulin treatment on implant osseointegration in T2DM rats and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received implant surgery in their femurs and were then assigned to five groups that were subjected to different treatments for three months: control group, T2DM group, insulin-treated T2DM group (10 IU/kg), genipin-treated T2DM group (50 mg/kg), and the genipin and insulin combination-treated T2DM group. Then, we regularly assessed the weight and glucose levels of the animals. Rats were euthanized at 3 months after the implantation procedure, and the femora were harvested for microscopic computerized tomography analysis, biomechanical tests, and different histomorphometric assessment. RESULTS The results indicated that the highest blood glucose and oxidative stress levels were measured for the T2DM group, resulting in the poorest osseointegration. The combination-treated T2DM group mitigated hyperglycemia and normalized, reactivated AMPK signaling, and alleviated oxidative stress as well as reversed the negative effect of osseointegration. There were beneficial changes observed in the T2DM-genipin and T2DM-insulin groups, but these were less in comparison to the combination treatment group. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that treatment with genipin in combination with insulin could be an effective method for promoting implant osseointegration in T2DM rats, which may be related to AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1, Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1, Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1, Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiyun Huang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1, Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1, Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1, Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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Wu SJ, Tung YJ, Ng LT. Anti-diabetic effects of Grifola frondosa bioactive compound and its related molecular signaling pathways in palmitate-induced C2C12 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112962. [PMID: 32422357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Grifola frondosa (GF), a high value medicinal mushroom, is popularly consumed as traditional medicines and health foods in China and Japan. It is a herbal medicine traditionally used for treating inflammation, cancer and diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to examine the anti-diabetic effects of a GF bioactive compound ergosterol peroxide (EPO), and its mechanism(s) of action in palmitate (PA)-induced C2C12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPO was isolated and purified from GF fruiting bodies, and used to test for anti-diabetic activity in PA-induced murine C2C12 skeletal muscle cells through measuring glucose uptake, intracellular ROS production, and expressions of MAPKs, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt and GLUT-4 proteins. RESULTS EPO significantly up-regulated glucose absorption and increased cell growth. At 5 μM, EPO significantly enhanced glucose uptake and decreased ROS formation, as well as up-regulated the expression of IRS-1, p-IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, and GLUT-4 proteins in PA-induced cells, while their p-JNK and p-p38 expression were down-regulated. GLUT-4 siRNA treatment effectively down-regulated the EPO-induced absorption of glucose and inhibited the expression of GLUT-4. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the anti-diabetic effect of GF was from its bioactive compound EPO through the inhibition of ROS production, up-regulation of glucose absorption, and modulation of PI3K/Akt, MAPKs and GLUT-4 signaling transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Tung
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hasanpour M, Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. The application of metabolomics in investigating anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Zhong H, Chen K, Feng M, Shao W, Wu J, Chen K, Liang T, Liu C. Genipin alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice via miR-142a-5p/SREBP-1c axis. FEBS J 2017; 285:501-517. [PMID: 29197188 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic disorder which plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Genipin (GNP) is a metabolite from genipioside, which is an active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, and has been recognized as a beneficial compound against metabolic disorders. However, whether it can correct overnutrition-induced dyslipidemia is still unknown. In this study, the effects of GNP on attenuating hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation were investigated using normal and obese mice induced with a high-fat diet (HFD) and primary hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids. We also sought to identify potential targets of GNP to mediate its effects in the liver. We found that obese mice treated with GNP showed a decrease in the body weight, serum lipid levels, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, GNP regulated hepatic expression levels of lipid metabolic genes, which are important in maintaining systemic lipid homeostasis. At the molecular level, GNP increased the expression levels of miR-142a-5p, which bound to 3' untranslated region of Srebp-1c, an important regulator of lipogenesis, which thus led to the inhibition of lipogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrated that GNP effectively antagonized HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Such effects were achieved by regulating miR-142a-5p/SREBP-1c axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Mengyang Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Habtemariam S. Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenes: A Case of Small Molecules Punching above Their Weight. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010004. [PMID: 29267214 PMCID: PMC5795956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes belong to the terpenoids class of natural products and are bio-synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway. Their small molecular weight coupled with high non-polar nature make them the most abundant components of essential oils which are often considered to have some general antioxidant and antimicrobial effects at fairly high concentrations. These compounds are however reported to have antidiabetic effects in recent years. Thanks to the ingenious biosynthetic machinery of nature, they also display a fair degree of structural complexity/diversity for further consideration in structure-activity studies. In the present communication, the merit of monoterpenes as antidiabetic agents is scrutinized by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the scientific literature. Both the aglycones and glycosides of these compounds of rather small structural size appear to display antidiabetic along with antiobesity and lipid lowering effects. The diversity of these effects vis-à-vis their structures and mechanisms of actions are discussed. Some key pharmacological targets include the insulin signaling pathways and/or the associated PI3K-AKT (protein kinase B), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways; proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway; glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver; glucagon-like-1 receptor (GLP-1R); among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Wang X, Anadón A, Wu Q, Qiao F, Ares I, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Yuan Z, Martínez MA. Mechanism of Neonicotinoid Toxicity: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Metabolism. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:471-507. [PMID: 28968193 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of tons of neonicotinoids are widely used around the world as broad-spectrum systemic insecticides and veterinary drugs. Researchers originally thought that neonicotinoids exhibited low mammalian toxicity. However, following their widespread use, it became increasingly evident that neonicotinoids could have various toxic effects on vertebrates and invertebrates. The primary focus of this review is to summarize the research progress associated with oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for neonicotinoid-induced toxicity as well as neonicotinoid metabolism. This review summarizes the research conducted over the past decade into the production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and oxidative stress as aresult of neonicotinoid treatments, along with their correlation with the toxicity and metabolism of neonicotinoids. The metabolism of neonicotinoids and protection of various compounds against neonicotinoid-induced toxicity based on their antioxidative effects is also discussed. This review sheds new light on the critical roles of oxidative stress in neonicotinoid-induced toxicity to nontarget species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; .,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Fang Qiao
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; .,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Miao Y, Dong Y, Huang P, Zhao X, Huang Z, Yao J, Li H, Xu Q. Increasing UCP2 expression and decreasing NOX1/4 expression maintain chondrocyte phenotype by reducing reactive oxygen species production. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63750-63763. [PMID: 28969026 PMCID: PMC5609958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate that improving the mitochondrial function can inhibite the loss of chondrocyte phenotype by regulating the expression of uncoupling protein 2(UCP2) and NADPH oxidase1/4(NOX1/4) to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS). The effects of mitochondrial biogenesis “master regular” peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM), UCP2, and NOX1/4 on chondrocyte phenotype was examined. It was found that when the chondrocyte phenotype was lost, PGC-1α, UCP2, and TFAM expression decreased, while NOX1/4 expression increased. Inhibiting UCP2 expression promoted the loss of chondrocyte phenotype, and inhibiting NOX1/4 relieved the loss of the chondrocyte phenotype. After activating the PGC-1α-TFAM pathway, UCP2 increased and NOX1/4 decreased, which suppressed loss of the chondrocyte phenotype. After inhibiting NOX1/4, UCP2 expression increased. Increasing and decreasing UCP2 and NOX1/4 expression, respectively, helps maintain the chondrocyte phenotype and improve mitochondrial functioning by reducing reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefu Dong
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tong Ren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jufang Yao
- Department of Animal Facility, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingrong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Yen HW, Lin HL, Hao CL, Chen FC, Chen CY, Chen JH, Shen KP. Effects of pre-germinated brown rice treatment high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:979-986. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1279848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate using pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) to treat metabolic syndrome, we fed one group of mice standard-regular-diet (SRD) for 20 weeks and another group of mice high-fat-diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. We subdivided them into HFD group and HFD + PGBR group whose dietary carbohydrate was replaced with PGBR for 4 weeks. The HFD group gained more weight, had higher blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and lipids, liver levels of TG, feces TG and bile acid, lower adipose levels of adipocytokine, lower skeletal muscle IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3 K, Akt/PKB, GLUT-1, GLUT-4, GCK and PPAR-γ; higher liver SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, HMGCR, LDLR, CYP7α1 and PPAR-α, and higher adipose SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, and lower adipose PPAR-α and adiponectin. The HFD + PGBR group had clearly improved blood pressure, biochemical parameters and above proteins expressions. PGBR successful treatment of metabolic syndrome was achieved through improvements in glucose and lipid synthesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Chen
- MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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14
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Ge H, Zhang F, Duan P, Zhu N, Zhang J, Ye F, Shan D, Chen H, Lu X, Zhu C, Ge R, Lin Z. Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 in human cumulus cells is associated with regulating autophagy and apoptosis, maintaining gap junction integrity and progesterone synthesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:128-137. [PMID: 28089824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To explore the roles of mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) in cumulus cells (CCs), human CCs were cultured in vitro, and the UCP2 was inhibited by treatment with Genipin, a special UCP inhibitor, or by RNA interference targeting UCP2. No significant differences in adenosine triphosphate levels and the ratio of ADP/ATP were observed after UCP2 inhibition. UCP2 inhibition caused a significant increase in cellular oxidative damage, which was reflected in alterations to several key parameters, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels and the ratio of reduced GSH to GSSG. UCP2 blocking resulted in an obvious increase in active Caspase-3, accompanied by the decline of proactive Caspase-3 and a significant increase in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, suggesting that UCP2 inhibition triggered cellular apoptosis and autophagy. The mRNA and protein expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction channel protein, were significantly reduced after treatment with Genipin or siRNA. The progesterone level in the culture medium was also significantly decreased after UCP2 inhibition. Our data indicated that UCP2 plays highly important roles in mediating ROS production and regulating apoptosis and autophagy, as well as maintaining gap junction integrity and progesterone synthesis, which suggests that UCP2 is involved in the regulation of follicle development and early embryo implantation and implies that it might serve as a potential biomarker for oocyte quality and competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Ge
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, People's Republic of China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Duan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feijun Ye
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhoushan Hospital Affiliated Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, 316100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoSheng Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - ChunFang Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkun Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Abstract
Central neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are one of the biggest health problems worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for these diseases. The Gardenia jasminoides fruit is a common herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and a variety of preparations are used as treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest genipin is one of the main effective ingredients of G. jasminoides fruit extract (GFE). Accumulated research data show that genipin possesses a range of key pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, neurogenic, antidiabetic, and antidepressant effects. Thus, genipin shows therapeutic potential for central neurodegenerative diseases. We review the pharmacological actions of genipin for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. We also describe the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.
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16
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Combining biochemical with (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach unravels the antidiabetic activity of genipin and its possible mechanism. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:80-89. [PMID: 27411170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a typical heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Genipin possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities including ameliorating effects on diabetes, but the definite mechanism of this effect remains unknown. To investigate the antidiabetic activities of genipin and explore the biochemical changes of serum endogenous metabolites on diabetic rats induced by alloxan, (1)H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis was used to. All rats were randomly divided into six groups including negative control (NC) group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group, metformin hydrochloride group, high dose group of genipin, middle dose group of genipin and low dose group of genipin. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 120mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Serum samples were collected for the (1)H NMR-based metabolomics and clinical biochemical analysis. Daily oral administration of genipin (25, 50 and 100mg/kg body weight) and metformin hydrochloride (125mg/kg) for two weeks showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P<0.01). Significant differences in the metabolic profile as well as the result of biochemical parameters between the diabetic group and the control group were observed. The PLS-DA scores and corresponding loading plots demonstrated that genipin significantly restored the abnormal metabolic state. Detailed analysis of the altered metabolite levels indicated that genipin significantly ameliorated the disturbance in glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Genipin showed the best anti-diabetic effects at a dose of 100mg/kg in rats. This finding indicates that chemical and metabolomic approaches could be powerful tools for the investigation of the biochemical changes in pathological conditions or drug treatment.
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17
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β-Sitosterol increases mitochondrial electron transport by fluidizing mitochondrial membranes and enhances mitochondrial responsiveness to increasing energy demand by the induction of uncoupling in C2C12 myotubes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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18
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Balu D, Ouyang J, Parakhia RA, Pitake S, Ochs RS. Ca 2+ effects on glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation in L6 skeletal muscle cell cultures. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:365-373. [PMID: 28955844 PMCID: PMC5600334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of Ca2+ on skeletal muscle glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation using L6 cell cultures. Ca2+ stimulation of glucose transport is controversial. We found that caffeine (a Ca2+ secretagogue) stimulation of glucose transport was only evident in a two-part incubation protocol ("post-incubation"). Caffeine was present in the first incubation, the media removed, and labeled glucose added for the second. Caffeine elicited a rise in Ca2+ in the first incubation that was dissipated by the second. This post-incubation procedure was insensitive to glucose concentrations in the first incubation. With a single, direct incubation system (all components present together) caffeine caused a slight inhibition of glucose transport. This was likely due to caffeine induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), since nanomolar concentrations of wortmannin, a selective PI3K inhibitor, also inhibited glucose transport, and previous investigators have also found this action. We did find a Ca2+ stimulation (using either caffeine or ionomycin) of fatty acid oxidation. This was observed in the absence (but not the presence) of added glucose. We conclude that Ca2+ stimulates fatty acid oxidation at a mitochondrial site, secondary to malonyl CoA inhibition (represented by the presence of glucose in our experiments). In summary, the experiments resolve a controversy on Ca2+ stimulation of glucose transport by skeletal muscle, introduce an important experimental consideration for the measurement of glucose transport, and uncover a new site of action for Ca2+ stimulation of fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrick Balu
- Dept. Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, MRC I 114, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jiangyong Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rahulkumar A. Parakhia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07407, USA
| | - Saumitra Pitake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Raymond S. Ochs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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19
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Wang R, Peng L, Zhao J, Zhang L, Guo C, Zheng W, Chen H. Gardenamide A Protects RGC-5 Cells from H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress Insults by Activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22350-67. [PMID: 26389892 PMCID: PMC4613312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardenamide A (GA) protects the rat retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cells against cell apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. The protective effect of GA was completely abrogated by the specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, and the specific protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor Akt VIII respectively, indicating that the protective mechanism of GA is mediated by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 could not block the neuroprotection of GA. GA attenuated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by H₂O₂. Western blotting showed that GA promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively, and effectively reversed the H₂O₂-inhibited phosphorylation of these three proteins. LY294002 completely inhibited the GA-activated phosphorylation of Akt, while only partially inhibiting eNOS. This evidence implies that eNOS may be activated directly by GA. PD98059 attenuated only partially the GA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 with/without the presence of H₂O₂, indicating that GA may activate ERK1/2 directly. All these results put together confirm that GA protects RGC-5 cells from H₂O₂ insults via the activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Whether the ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Lizhi Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Laitao Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macao, Macao, China.
| | - Heru Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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20
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Wang R, Yang J, Peng L, Zhao J, Mu N, Huang J, Lazarovici P, Chen H, Zheng W. Gardenamide A attenuated cell apoptosis induced by serum deprivation insult via the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Neuroscience 2015; 286:242-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Cai X, Zhang R, Guo Y, He J, Li S, Zhu Z, Liu G, Liu Z, Yang J. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of gardenia fruit oil with bioactive components and their identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2. Food Funct 2015; 6:2194-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive components in Gardenia oil were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction, identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2 and HPLC-DAD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jingren He
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products
| | - Shuyi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Polytechnic Univ
- Wuhan
- China
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22
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Shen KP, Hao CL, Yen HW, Chen CY, Wu BN, Lin HL. Pre-germinated brown rice prevents high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia through elevated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism pathway in C57BL/6J strain mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 56:28-34. [PMID: 25834303 PMCID: PMC4306661 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect and mechanism of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) prevented hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat-diet (HFD). Normal six-week-old mice were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed standard-regular-diet (SRD) and group 2 was fed HFD for 16 weeks. In group 3, the mice were fed a HFD with its carbohydrate replaced with PGBR for 16 weeks. Comparing the SRD and HFD groups, we found the HFD group had higher blood pressure, higher concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c. The HFD group had less protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and glucokinase (GCK) and greater expression of glucogen synthase kinase (GSK) in skeletal muscle. The HFD group also had less expression of IR, serine/threonine kinase PI3K-linked protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), GCK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in liver. In the HFD + PGBR group, the PGBR could reverse the disorders of blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1c and increase insulin concentration. PGBR increased the IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 proteins, and ameliorated AMPK, GCK, GSK and PPARγ proteins. Together, PGBR prevented HFD-induced hyperglycemia through improving insulin levels, insulin receptor, glucose transporters and enhancing glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, 60 Da-Lian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
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23
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Wang C, Chen Z, Li S, Zhang Y, Jia S, Li J, Chi Y, Miao Y, Guan Y, Yang J. Hepatic overexpression of ATP synthase β subunit activates PI3K/Akt pathway to ameliorate hyperglycemia of diabetic mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:947-59. [PMID: 24296716 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP synthase β subunit (ATPSβ) had been previously shown to play an important role in controlling ATP synthesis in pancreatic β-cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of ATPSβ in regulation of hepatic ATP content and glucose metabolism in diabetic mice. ATPSβ expression and ATP content were both reduced in the livers of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Hepatic overexpression of ATPSβ elevated cellular ATP content and ameliorated hyperglycemia of streptozocin-induced diabetic mice and db/db mice. ATPSβ overexpression increased phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) levels and reduced PEPCK and G6pase expression levels in the livers. Consistently, ATPSβ overexpression repressed hepatic glucose production in db/db mice. In cultured hepatocytes, ATPSβ overexpression increased intracellular and extracellular ATP content, elevated the cytosolic free calcium level, and activated Akt independent of insulin. The ATPSβ-induced increase in cytosolic free calcium and pAkt levels was attenuated by inhibition of P2 receptors. Notably, inhibition of calmodulin (CaM) completely abolished ATPSβ-induced Akt activation in liver cells. Inhibition of P2 receptors or CaM blocked ATPSβ-induced nuclear exclusion of forkhead box O1 in liver cells. In conclusion, a decrease in hepatic ATPSβ expression in the liver, leading to the attenuation of ATP-P2 receptor-CaM-Akt pathway, may play an important role in the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking (Beijing) University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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24
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Genipin induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression via NADPH oxidase, MAPKs, AP-1, and NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:126-34. [PMID: 24296130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genipin is a compound found in gardenia fruit extract with diverse pharmacological activities. However, the mechanism underlying genipin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of genipin on COX-2 expression and determined that exposure to genipin dose-dependently enhanced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major COX-2 metabolite, in RAW 264.7 cells. These effects were mediated by genipin-induced activation of the COX-2 promoter, as well as AP-1 and NF-κB luciferase constructs. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and MAPKs were also significantly activated by genipin, and Akt and MAPKs inhibitors (PD98059, SB20358, SP600125, and LY294002) inhibited genipin-induced COX-2 expression. Moreover, genipin increased production of the ROS and the ROS-producing NAPDH-oxidase (NOX) family oxidases, NOX2 and NOX3. Inhibition of NADPH with diphenyleneiodonium attenuated ROS production, COX-2 expression and NF-κB and AP-1 activation. These results suggest that the molecular mechanism mediating ROS-dependent COX-2 up-regulation and PGE2 production by genipin involves activation of Akt, MAPKs and AP-1/NF-κB.
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25
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Yu Q, Takahashi T, Nomura M, Kobayashi S. Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Single Administered Gardeniae Fructus in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Improving Insulin Resistance and Enhancing Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Chin Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2013.44019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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