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Peng X, Chen Y. The emerging role of circadian rhythms in the development and function of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1175845. [PMID: 37293491 PMCID: PMC10244810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1175845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many biological processes in response to ambient influences. A disrupted circadian rhythm has been shown to be associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Thermogenic fat, including brown and beige fat, may play an important role in this process since it displays a high capacity to burn fat and release the stored energy as heat, contributing to the combat against obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the circadian clock and thermogenic fat and the prominent mechanisms which are involved in the regulation of the development and function of thermogenic fat by circadian rhythms, which may provide novel therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases by targeting thermogenic fat in a circadian manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China
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2
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Lv J, Tang L, Zhang X, Wang D. Thermo-TRP channels are involved in BAT thermoregulation in cold-acclimated Brandt's voles. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110794. [PMID: 35964792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which can sense temperature, pressure and mechanical stimuli, were involved in many physiological and biochemical reactions. Whether thermosensitive TRP channels (Thermo-TRPs) are involved in thermoregulation in small mammals is still not clear. We measured the changes of thermo-TRPs at 4 °C, 23 °C and 30 °C in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to test the hypothesis that Thermo-TRPs are involved in cold-induced thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in small mammals. Results showed that air temperatures had no effect on body mass and rectal temperature, but the food intake and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the 4 °C group were significantly higher than in the 30 °C group. Compared with 30 °C group, the protein contents of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), TRP vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), TRP melastatin 2 (TRPM2), silent Information Regulator T1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in BAT increased significantly in 4 °C group, but there was no significant difference in the protein content of Thermo-TRPs in the hypothalamus among groups. Further, the expression of PRDM16 (PR domain containing 16) in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) at 4 °C was significantly higher than that at 30 °C, but no difference was observed in the expression of other browning-related genes or TRPV2. In conclusion, TRP channels may participate in BAT thermoregulation through the CaMKII, AMPK, SIRT1 and UCP1 pathway in cold-acclimated Brandt's voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chengdu Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Liqiu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Paśko P, Okoń K, Prochownik E, Krośniak M, Francik R, Kryczyk-Kozioł J, Grudzińska M, Tyszka-Czochara M, Malinowski M, Sikora J, Galanty A, Zagrodzki P. The Impact of Kohlrabi Sprouts on Various Thyroid Parameters in Iodine Deficiency- and Sulfadimethoxine-Induced Hypothyroid Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142802. [PMID: 35889759 PMCID: PMC9316894 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica sprouts, as the rich source of dietary glucosinolates, may have a negative effect on thyroid function. In this study, kohlrabi sprouts diet, combined with two models of rat hypothyroidism, was tested. TSH, thyroid hormones and histopathology analysis were completed with the evaluation of immunological, biochemical, haematological parameters, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase in the thyroid, and plasma glutathione peroxidase. A thermographic analysis was also adapted to confirm thyroid dysfunction. The levels of TSH, fT3 and fT4, antioxidant enzyme (GPX) as well as histopathology parameters remained unchanged following kohlrabi sprouts ingestion, only TR activity significantly increased in response to the sprouts. In hypothyroid animals, sprouts diet did not prevent thyroid damage. In comparison with the rats with iodine deficiency, kohlrabi sprouts diet decreased TNF-α level. Neither addition of the sprouts to the diet, nor sulfadimethoxine and iodine deficiency, caused negative changes in red blood cell parameters, glucose and uric acid concentrations, or kidney function. However, such a dietary intervention resulted in reduced WBC levels, and adversely interfered with liver function in rats, most likely due to a higher dietary intake of glucosinolates. Moreover, the possible impact of the breed of the rats on the evaluated parameters was indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.K.-K.); (M.T.-C.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16, 31-531 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Prochownik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.K.-K.); (M.T.-C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.K.-K.); (M.T.-C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Renata Francik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Institute of Health, State Higher Vocational School, Staszica 1, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.K.-K.); (M.T.-C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Marta Grudzińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.K.-K.); (M.T.-C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116b, 30-149 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116b, 30-149 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.K.-K.); (M.T.-C.); (P.Z.)
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The transcriptional co-regulator LDB1 is required for brown adipose function. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101284. [PMID: 34198011 PMCID: PMC8340307 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is critical for thermogenesis and glucose/lipid homeostasis. Exploiting the energy uncoupling capacity of BAT may reveal targets for obesity therapies. This exploitation requires a greater understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms underlying BAT function. One potential regulator of BAT is the transcriptional co-regulator LIM domain-binding protein 1 (LDB1), which acts as a dimerized scaffold, allowing for the assembly of transcriptional complexes. Utilizing a global LDB1 heterozygous mouse model, we recently reported that LDB1 might have novel roles in regulating BAT function. However, direct evidence for the LDB1 regulation of BAT thermogenesis and substrate utilization has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that brown adipocyte-expressed LDB1 is required for BAT function. Methods LDB1-deficient primary cells and brown adipocyte cell lines were assessed via qRT-PCR and western blotting for altered mRNA and protein levels to define the brown adipose-specific roles. We conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation with primary BAT tissue and immortalized cell lines. Potential transcriptional partners of LDB1 were revealed by conducting LIM factor surveys via qRT-PCR in mouse and human brown adipocytes. We developed a Ucp1-Cre-driven LDB1-deficiency mouse model, termed Ldb1ΔBAT, to test LDB1 function in vivo. Glucose tolerance and uptake were assessed at thermoneutrality via intraperitoneal glucose challenge and glucose tracer studies. Insulin tolerance was measured at thermoneutrality and after stimulation with cold or the administration of the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist CL316,243. Additionally, we analyzed plasma insulin via ELISA and insulin signaling via western blotting. Lipid metabolism was evaluated via BAT weight, histology, lipid droplet morphometry, and the examination of lipid-associated mRNA. Finally, energy expenditure and cold tolerance were evaluated via indirect calorimetry and cold challenges. Results Reducing Ldb1 in vitro and in vivo resulted in altered BAT-selective mRNA, including Ucp1, Elovl3, and Dio2. In addition, there was reduced Ucp1 induction in vitro. Impacts on gene expression may be due, in part, to LDB1 occupying Ucp1 upstream regulatory domains. We also identified BAT-expressed LIM-domain factors Lmo2, Lmo4, and Lhx8, which may partner with LDB1 to mediate activity in brown adipocytes. Additionally, we observed LDB1 enrichment in human brown adipose. In vivo analysis revealed LDB1 is required for whole-body glucose and insulin tolerance, in part through reduced glucose uptake into BAT. In Ldb1ΔBAT tissue, we found significant alterations in insulin-signaling effectors. An assessment of brown adipocyte morphology and lipid droplet size revealed larger and more unilocular brown adipocytes in Ldb1ΔBAT mice, particularly after a cold challenge. Alterations in lipid handling were further supported by reductions in mRNA associated with fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Finally, LDB1 is required for energy expenditure and cold tolerance in both male and female mice. Conclusions Our findings support LDB1 as a regulator of BAT function. Furthermore, given LDB1 enrichment in human brown adipose, this co-regulator may have conserved roles in human BAT. The transcriptional co-regulator LDB1 is required for brown adipocyte gene expression, including Ucp1. Several LIM-domain factors, including Lmo2, Lmo4, and Lhx8, are expressed in BAT and may be potential LDB1 partners. Male Ldb1 BAT knockouts are glucose and insulin intolerant, have lower glucose uptake and altered insulin signaling. LDB1 impacts brown adipocyte morphology, lipid droplet size, and mRNA associated with lipid utilization. BAT-expressed LDB1 is required for energy expenditure and cold tolerance.
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Paśko P, Prochownik E, Krośniak M, Tyszka-Czochara M, Francik R, Marcinkowska M, Sikora J, Malinowski M, Zagrodzki P. Animals in Iodine Deficiency or Sulfadimethoxine Models of Thyroid Damage Are Differently Affected by the Consumption of Brassica Sprouts. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:204-213. [PMID: 30927245 PMCID: PMC6914734 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was primarily aimed at investigating the effect of brassica sprout consumption, namely rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) sprouts (R) generally recognized as antithyroid agent due to its goitrogenic substance content, on hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters in rats. Sprouts were tested alone and in a combination with other antithyroid factors, such as iodine deficiency (RDI) and sulfadimethoxine (RS). The expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene in the thyroid as a stress-inducible protein was determined. The thermographic analysis was also estimated. The intake of rutabaga sprouts by healthy rats did not reveal any significant, harmful effect on the thyroid function. Both body temperature and expression of HO-1 remained unchanged in response to the consumed sprouts. In animals with hypothyroidism, rutabaga sprouts enhanced the negative effect of iodine deficiency or sulfadimethoxine ingestion on the organism by increasing the WBC (RDI), TNF-α (RS), creatinine (RS), and triglyceride (RDI and RS) levels, as well as decreasing PLT (RS) level. Moreover, rutabaga sprout consumption by rats with iodine deficiency and sulfadimethoxine decreased their body temperature. Additionally, the concomitant administration of sprouts and iodine depletion significantly reduced the expression of HO-1 in the thyroid. The results may prove useful in confirming rutabaga sprout consumption to be safe, though the seeds of this vegetable provide a well-known antithyroid agent. Our results have shown that rutabaga sprout consumption may be also a factor that enhances the negative clinical features only when combined with iodine deficiency and sulfadimethoxine ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Prochownik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Francik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Institute of Agriculture Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Institute of Agriculture Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Adipocyte β-arrestin-2 is essential for maintaining whole body glucose and energy homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2936. [PMID: 31270323 PMCID: PMC6610117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins are major regulators of G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling processes. Their potential roles in regulating adipocyte function in vivo remain unexplored. Here we report the novel finding that mice lacking β-arrestin-2 (barr2) selectively in adipocytes show significantly reduced adiposity and striking metabolic improvements when consuming excess calories. We demonstrate that these beneficial metabolic effects are due to enhanced signaling through adipocyte β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), indicating that barr2 represents a potent negative regulator of adipocyte β3-AR activity in vivo. Interestingly, essentially all beneficial metabolic effects caused by adipocyte barr2 deficiency are absent in adipocyte barr2-PRDM16 double KO mice, indicating that the metabolic improvements caused by the lack of barr2 in adipocytes are mediated by the browning/beiging of white adipose tissue. Our data support the novel concept that 'G protein-biased' β3-AR agonists that do not promote β3-AR/barr2 interactions may prove useful for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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7
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Chen C, Cui Q, Zhang X, Luo X, Liu Y, Zuo J, Peng Y. Long non-coding RNAs regulation in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism: Emerging insights in obesity. Cell Signal 2018; 51:47-58. [PMID: 30071290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a widespread health problem that brings about various adipose tissue dysfunctions. The balance of energy storage and energy expenditure is critical for normal fat accumulation and lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of adipogenesis and thermogenesis is essential to maintain adipose development and lipid homeostasis. Increasing evidence demonstrated that lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs), a class of non-protein coding RNAs of >200 nucleotides in length, are identified as key regulators in obesity-related biological processes through diverse regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we concentrate on recent and relevant studies on the roles of lncRNAs in regulation of white adipogenesis, brown adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. In addition, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of lncRNAs is highlighted, and that will make recommendations for the future application of lncRNAs in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China.
| | - Qingming Cui
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Jianbo Zuo
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China.
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Paśko P, Krośniak M, Prochownik E, Tyszka-Czochara M, Fołta M, Francik R, Sikora J, Malinowski M, Zagrodzki P. Effect of broccoli sprouts on thyroid function, haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters in rats with thyroid imbalance. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:82-90. [PMID: 29080462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts may exert a negative influence on thyroid function as they are a rich source of glucosinolates, in particular glucoraphanin. Under the study in a long-term experiment broccoli sprouts were tested as an element of rats diet, combined with deficient iodine, or sulfadimethoxine ingestion - two models of hypothyroidism. Evaluations were performed for serum TSH and thyroid hormones completed with analyzes of selected haematological, biochemical and immunological (IL-6, IL-10) parameters, as well as cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TR) in the thyroid, and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX3). A thermographic analysis was conducted to provide auxiliary indicators for determining a potential thyroid dysfunction under the specific experimental conditions. The levels of TSH, fT3 and fT4 remained unchanged following broccoli sprouts ingestion, which was even found to have a protective effect against sulfadimethoxine induced thyroid damage. Moreover, TR activity significantly increased in response to sprouts ingestion. In animals with hypothyroidism, broccoli sprouts were found to exert a beneficial influence on the antioxidant balance of the thyroid gland. In comparison to the rats with iodine deficiency, broccoli sprouts addition to the diet was observed to decrease IL-6 level. No significant differences in IL-10 concentration were determined. Neither addition of broccoli sprouts to the diet, nor sulfadimethoxine and iodine deficiency, caused negative changes in red blood cell parameters, glucose and uric acid concentrations, or kidney function. However, such a dietary intervention resulted in reduced WBC and PLT levels, and it may adversely interfere with liver function in rats, most likely due to a higher dietary intake of glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Prochownik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Fołta
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Francik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Institute of Agriculture Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116b, 30-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Institute of Agriculture Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116b, 30-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Cheng Z, Zheng L, Almeida FA. Epigenetic reprogramming in metabolic disorders: nutritional factors and beyond. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 54:1-10. [PMID: 29154162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors (e.g., malnutrition and physical inactivity) contribute largely to metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiometabolic disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. The abnormalities in metabolic activity and pathways have been increasingly associated with altered DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNAs, whereas lifestyle interventions targeting diet and physical activity can reverse the epigenetic and metabolic changes. Here we review recent evidence primarily from human studies that links DNA methylation reprogramming to metabolic derangements or improvements, with a focus on cross-tissue (e.g., the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue and blood samples) epigenetic markers, mechanistic mediators of the epigenetic reprogramming, and the potential of using epigenetic traits to predict disease risk and intervention response. The challenges in epigenetic studies addressing the mechanisms of metabolic diseases and future directions are also discussed and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Louise Zheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Fabio A Almeida
- Department of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Positive energy balance contributes to adipose tissue expansion and dysfunction, which accounts largely for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Thermogenic fat can dissipate energy, activation or induction of which may promote energy balance and address the pressing health issues. Recent studies have shown that stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from white adipose tissue (WAT) can develop both white and brown-like adipocyte phenotypes, thus serving as a unique model to study adipogenesis and thermogenesis. Here, we describe a protocol for effective isolation of mouse SVF from WAT, induction of differentiation, and detection of adipogenesis. Success tips for isolation and culture of SVF are also discussed.
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11
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Wu M, Liu D, Zeng R, Xian T, Lu Y, Zeng G, Sun Z, Huang B, Huang Q. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits adipogenesis through down-regulation of PPARγ and FAS expression mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:134-142. [PMID: 27940057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component in green tea, functions as extensive bioactivities including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer. However, little is known about its anti-adipogenesis and underlying mechanisms. The purport of this study sought to investigate effects of EGCG on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and to explore its possible mechanisms. The 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate under the condition of pro-adipogenic cocktail with or without indicated EGCG concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200µM) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively. Also, another batch of 3T3-L1 cells was induced under the optimal EGCG concentration (100µM) with or without SC3036 (PI3K activator, 10µM) or SC79 (AKT activator, 0.5µM) for 8 days. Subsequently, the cell viability was examined by MTT assay and the cell morphology was visualized by Oil red O staining. Finally, the mRNA levels including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected by quantitative real time PCR, while the protein levels of PPARγ, FAS, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor substrate1(IRS1), AKT, and p-AKT were measured by immunoblotting analysis. Our results showed that EGCG inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibitory effects were reversed by SC3036 or SC79, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of EGCG are mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling to down-regulate PPARγ and FAS expression levels. The findings shed light on EGCG anti-adipogenic effects and its underlying mechanism and provide a novel preventive-therapeutic potential for obesity subjects as a compound from Chinese green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Wu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhangzetian Sun
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Bowei Huang
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.
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12
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Inter-organ regulation of adipose tissue browning. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1765-1776. [PMID: 27866221 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is an important component of energy expenditure. Brown adipocytes are best known for their ability to convert chemical energy into heat. Beige cells are brown-like adipocytes that arise in white adipose tissue in response to certain environmental cues to dissipate heat and improve metabolic homeostasis. A large body of intrinsic factors and external signals are critical for the function of beige adipocytes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of neuronal, hormonal, and metabolic regulation of the development and activation of beige adipocytes, with a focus on the regulation of beige adipocytes by other organs, tissues, and cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inter-organ regulation of adipose tissue browning may provide an avenue for combating obesity and associated diseases.
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13
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Cui X, You L, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhang F, Xie K, Cao Y, Ji C, Guo X. A transcribed ultraconserved noncoding RNA, uc.417, serves as a negative regulator of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2016; 30:4301-4312. [PMID: 27655899 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600694r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxidizes fatty acids for thermogenesis and could therefore be considered as part of a new strategy in combating obesity and associated metabolic diseases. It is well established that aging is accompanied by a decline of brown adipocyte regenerative capacity. How aging contributes to this loss is poorly understood. Here, we identify a long noncoding RNA, uc.417, which is transcribed from an ultraconserved region in rodents. Expression of uc.417 increases with age. Ectopic expression of uc.417 impairs adipogenesis and the thermogenic program in brown adipocytes. However, uc.417 is not required for brown fat function. In vivo, uc.417 attenuates the cold-induced thermogenic program in mouse BAT. Moreover, we find that uc.417 moderately inhibits phosphorylation of p38MAPK without affecting the total protein level of p38MAPK. The p38MAPK pathway is essential for activating BAT to stimulate uncoupling protein 1 gene expression. The data point to uc.417 as being an important factor in an age-dependent loss of function of brown adipose tissue.-Cui, X., You, L., Li, Y., Zhu, L., Zhang, F., Xie, K., Cao, Y., Ji, C., Guo, X. A transcribed ultraconserved noncoding RNA, uc.417, serves as a negative regulator of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Lianghui You
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Xirong Guo
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; and
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14
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Can thermogenic adipocytes protect from obesity? J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:847-53. [PMID: 26482272 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of brown adipocytes and adipocytes of a new beige type in the energy metabolism of a healthy person and in the pathogenesis of obesity has extensively been discussed in recent years. The interest to these cells has been stimulated owing to the application of new noninvasive methods for studying the metabolic activity of tissues. Using these methods, the presence of thermogenically active adipocytes in adults and their reactivity to cold stimuli have been proved. These data, together with the results of animal experiments support the idea of thermogenic fat being a direct regulator of the energy balance of man. However, for several reasons there are some objections to this viewpoint. The main objection is that the total activity of the human thermogenic adipocytes is about 100 kJ/day, i.e., it is negligible. In addition, the burn of excessive nutrients is biologically inappropriate for an organism. Therefore, the idea that obesity is caused by the decreased activity of thermogenic adipocytes is erroneous. The statement that the causes of obesity are associated with the increased efficiency of energy-dependent processes seems more reasonable. The consequence is a reduction in energy expenditure to perform a unit of biological work. This results in excess of nutrients deposited in the form of fat.
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15
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Jiang C, Kuang L, Merkel MP, Yue F, Cano-Vega MA, Narayanan N, Kuang S, Deng M. Biodegradable Polymeric Microsphere-Based Drug Delivery for Inductive Browning of Fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:169. [PMID: 26617571 PMCID: PMC4639710 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are potent therapeutic agents to increase energy expenditure and reduce risks of obesity and its affiliated metabolic symptoms. One strategy to increase beige adipocyte content is through inhibition of the evolutionarily conserved Notch signaling pathway. However, systemic delivery of Notch inhibitors is associated with off-target effects and multiple dosages of application further faces technical and translational challenges. Here, we report the development of a biodegradable polymeric microsphere-based drug delivery system for sustained, local release of a Notch inhibitor, DBZ. The microsphere-based delivery system was fabricated and optimized using an emulsion/solvent evaporation technique to encapsulate DBZ into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), a commonly used biodegradable polymer for controlled drug release. Release studies revealed the ability of PLGA microspheres to release DBZ in a sustained manner. Co-culture of white adipocytes with and without DBZ-loaded PLGA microspheres demonstrated that the released DBZ retained its bioactivity, and effectively inhibited Notch and promoted browning of white adipocytes. Injection of these DBZ-loaded PLGA microspheres into mouse inguinal white adipose tissue depots resulted in browning in vivo. Our results provide the encouraging proof-of-principle evidence for the application of biodegradable polymers as a controlled release platform for delivery of browning factors, and pave the way for development of new translational therapeutic strategies for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Liangju Kuang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Madeline P. Merkel
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mario Alberto Cano-Vega
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Naagarajan Narayanan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- *Correspondence: Shihuan Kuang, ; Meng Deng,
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- *Correspondence: Shihuan Kuang, ; Meng Deng,
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