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Lalonde C, Sreetharan S, Murray A, Stoa L, Cybulski ME, Kennedy A, Landry N, Stillar A, Khurana S, Tharmalingam S, Wilson J, Khaper N, Lees SJ, Boreham D, Tai TC. Absence of Depressive and Anxious Behavior with Genetic Dysregulation in Adult C57Bl/6J Mice after Prenatal Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108466. [PMID: 37239811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of ionizing radiation during early gestation often leads to deleterious and even lethal effects; however, few extensive studies have been conducted on late gestational exposures. This research examined the behavior al effects of C57Bl/6J mouse offspring exposed to low dose ionizing gamma irradiation during the equivalent third trimester. Pregnant dams were randomly assigned to sham or exposed groups to either low dose or sublethal dose radiation (50, 300, or 1000 mGy) at gestational day 15. Adult offspring underwent a behavioral and genetic analysis after being raised under normal murine housing conditions. Our results indicate very little change in the behavioral tasks measuring general anxiety, social anxiety, and stress-management in animals exposed prenatally across the low dose radiation conditions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were conducted on the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of each animal; results indicate some dysregulation in markers of DNA damage, synaptic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and methylation pathways in the offspring. Together, our results provide evidence in the C57Bl/6J strain, that exposure to sublethal dose radiation (<1000 mGy) during the last period of gestation leads to no observable changes in behaviour when assessed as adults, although some changes in gene expression were observed for specific brain regions. These results indicate that the level of oxidative stress occurring during late gestation for this mouse strain is not sufficient for a change in the assessed behavioral phenotype, but results in some modest dysregulation of the genetic profile of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lalonde
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Lisa Stoa
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | | | - Allison Kennedy
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Landry
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - Amy Stillar
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Douglas Boreham
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
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Xu T, Ji B, Li L, Lei J, Zhao M, Sun M, Xu Z, Gao Q. Antenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Impairs Vascular Contractile Functions via Upregulating IP3 Receptor 1 and Cav1.2 in Adult Male Offspring. Hypertension 2022; 79:1997-2007. [PMID: 35762340 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of antenatal glucocorticoids remains common practice for treating preterm delivery. Antenatal glucocorticoid exposure increased the risk of developing vascular diseases in later life, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of antenatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of dexamethasone (synthetic glucocorticoids) on vascular functions in adult male offspring. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received dexamethasone or vehicle during the last week of pregnancy. Male offspring were killed at gestational day 21 (Fetus) or postnatal day 120 (adult offspring). Mesenteric arteries were collected for vascular function, electrophysiology, target gene expression, and promotor methylation studies. RESULTS Antenatal dexamethasone exposure increased phenylephrine-mediated vascular contractility in offspring, which was resulted by the activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor and L-type Ca2+ channels. Specifically, increases of IP3R1 (IP3 receptor 1) and Cav1.2 (L-type Ca2+ channels subunit alpha1 C) were responsible for an activated IP3-Ca2+ pathway in the vasculature, and eventually predisposed the antenatal dexamethasone offspring to vascular hypercontractility. In addition, IP3R1 and Cav1.2 was upregulated through transcriptional mechanism; the overall changes in promotor histone modifications were consistent with the corresponding changes in transcriptional levels of the 2 genes, suggesting that antenatal dexamethasone exposure activated the transcription of IP3R1 and Cav1.2 via altering promotor histone modifications. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study demonstrated that antenatal dexamethasone exposure resulted in vascular adverse outcomes in male offspring that is linked to the increases of IP3R1 and Cav1.2 mediated by epigenetic modifications in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
| | - Bingyu Ji
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (T.X., B.J., L.L., J.L., M.Z., M.S., Z.X., Q.G.)
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Elevated Vascular Sympathetic Neurotransmission and Remodelling Is a Common Feature in a Rat Model of Foetal Programming of Hypertension and SHR. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081902. [PMID: 36009448 PMCID: PMC9405620 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is of unknown aetiology, with sympathetic nervous system hyperactivation being one of the possible contributors. Hypertension may have a developmental origin, owing to the exposure to adverse factors during the intrauterine period. Our hypothesis is that sympathetic hyperinnervation may be implicated in hypertension of developmental origins, being this is a common feature with essential hypertension. Two-animal models were used: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-model of essential hypertension) and offspring from dams exposed to undernutrition (MUN-model of developmental hypertension), with their respective controls. In adult males, we assessed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), sympathetic nerve function (3H-tritium release), sympathetic innervation (immunohistochemistry) and vascular remodelling (histology). MUN showed higher SBP/DBP, but not HR, while SHR exhibited higher SBP/DBP/HR. Regarding the mesenteric arteries, MUN and SHR showed reduced lumen, increased media and adventitial thickness and increased wall/lumen and connective tissue compared to respective controls. Regarding sympathetic nerve activation, MUN and SHR showed higher tritium release compared to controls. Total tritium tissue/tyrosine hydroxylase detection was higher in SHR and MUN adventitia arteries compared to respective controls. In conclusion, sympathetic hyperinnervation may be one of the contributors to vascular remodelling and hypertension in rats exposed to undernutrition during intrauterine life, which is a common feature with spontaneous hypertension.
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Murray A, Tharmalingam S, Khurana S, Lalonde C, Nguyen P, Tai TC. Effect of Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure on Circadian Rhythm Gene Expression in the Brains of Adult Rat Offspring. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101613. [PMID: 35626652 PMCID: PMC9139626 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks control many vital aspects of physiology from the sleep-wake cycle to metabolism. The circadian clock operates through transcriptional-translational feedback loops. The normal circadian signaling relies on a ‘master clock’, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which synchronizes peripheral oscillators. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling has the ability to reset the phase of peripheral clocks. It has been shown that maternal exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to modification of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function, impact stress-related behaviors, and result in a hypertensive state via GR activation. We previously demonstrated altered circadian rhythm signaling in the adrenal glands of offspring exposed to the synthetic GC, dexamethasone (Dex). Results from the current study show that prenatal exposure to Dex affects circadian rhythm gene expression in a brain region-specific and a sex-specific manner within molecular oscillators of the amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus, and prefrontal cortex, as well as the main oscillator in the SCN. Results also show that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibited dysregulated circadian rhythm gene expression in these same brain regions compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), although the pattern of dysregulation was markedly different from that seen in adult offspring prenatally exposed to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Murray
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Christine Lalonde
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - T. C. Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7239
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Madhavpeddi L, Hammond B, Carbone DL, Kang P, Handa RJ, Hale TM. Impact of Angiotensin II Antagonism on the Sex-Selective Dysregulation of Cardiovascular Function Induced by In Utero Dexamethasone Exposure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H597-H606. [PMID: 35179975 PMCID: PMC8934675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00587.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to glucocorticoids in late gestation programs changes in cardiovascular function. The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which angiotensin II mediates sex-biased changes in autonomic function as well as basal and stress-responsive cardiovascular function following in utero glucocorticoid exposure. Pregnant rats were administered the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX 0.4mg/kg per day, s.c.) or vehicle on gestation days 18-21. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured via radiotelemetry in freely moving, conscious adult rats. To evaluate the impact of stress, rats were placed in a restraint tube for 20 minutes. In a separate cohort of rats, restraint stress was performed before and after chronic treatment with the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, losartan (30mg/kg per day, i.p). Frequency domain analysis of HRV was evaluated, and data integrated into low frequency (LF: 0.20-0.75Hz) and high frequency (HF: 0.75-2.00Hz) bands. Prenatal DEX resulted in an exaggerated pressor and heart rate response to restraint in female offspring that was attenuated by prior losartan treatment. HF power was higher in vehicle-exposed female rats, compared to DEX females. Following losartan, HF power was equivalent between female vehicle and DEX-exposed rats. In utero exposure to DEX produced female-biased alterations in stress-responsive cardiovascular function which may be indicative of a reduction in parasympathetic activity. Moreover, these findings suggest this autonomic dysregulation may be mediated in part by long-term changes in renin-angiotensin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Madhavpeddi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Bradley Hammond
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - David L Carbone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Paul Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Robert J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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Ma H, Wang K, Lai B, Zhang X, Lv Y, Li R. Clinical identification of expressed proteins in adrenal medullary hyperplasia detected with hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014366. [PMID: 36583008 PMCID: PMC9792999 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension remains a challenging public health problem worldwide, and adrenal gland-related diseases are one class of the major causes for secondary hypertension. Among them, one relatively rare pattern is adrenal hyperplastic hypertension caused by adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH), leading to excessive secretion of autonomic catecholamine. Given that the pathological changes of adrenal medulla are not well correlated to the onset and even severity of secondary hypertension, the molecular basis why some AMH patients are accompanied with hypertension remains unclear and is worth exploring. AIMS For this reason, this study aims at investigating differentially expressed proteins in clinical AMH tissue, with special focus on the potential contribution of these differentially expressed proteins to AMH development, in order to have a better understanding of mechanisms how AMH leads to secondary hypertension to some extent. METHODS AND RESULTS To this end, AMH specimens were successfully obtained and verified through computed tomography (CT) and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Proteomic analyses of AMH and control tissues revealed 782 kinds of differentially expressed proteins. Compared with the control tissue, there were 357 types of upregulated proteins and 425 types of downregulated proteins detected in AMH tissue. Of interest, these differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in 60 gene ontology terms (P < 0.05), including 28 biological process terms, 14 molecular function terms, and 18 cellular component terms. Pathway analysis further indicated that 306 proteins exert their functions in at least one Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Western blotting showed enhanced expression of phenylethanolamine N- methyltransferase (PNMT), myelin protein zero (MPZ), and Ras-related protein Rab-3C (RAB3C), and reduced expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) observed in AMH tissue in comparison with controls. CONCLUSIONS Clinical AMH specimens display a different proteomic profile compared to control tissue. Of note, PNMT, MPZ, RAB3C, and CD36 are found to differentially expressed and can be potential targets for AMH, providing a theoretical basis for mechanistic exploration of AMH along with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjie Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Faculty of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ranwei Li,
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Untargeted metabolomics reveals sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism of adult rats exposed to dexamethasone in utero. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20342. [PMID: 34645877 PMCID: PMC8514544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress through glucocorticoid (GC) exposure leads to an increased risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and hypertension in adulthood. We have previously shown that administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex), to pregnant Wistar-Kyoto dams produces offspring with elevated blood pressures and disrupted circadian rhythm signaling. Given the link between stress, circadian rhythms and metabolism, we performed an untargeted metabolomic screen on the livers of offspring to assess potential changes induced by prenatal Dex exposure. This metabolomic analysis highlighted 18 significantly dysregulated metabolites in females and 12 in males. Pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 highlighted key pathway-level metabolic differences: glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of several lipid metabolism genes in females while males showed no dysregulation. Triglyceride concentrations were also found to be significantly elevated in female offspring exposed to Dex in utero, which may contribute to lipid metabolism activation. This study is the first to conduct an untargeted metabolic profile of liver from GC exposed offspring. Corroborating metabolic, gene expression and lipid profiling results demonstrates significant sex-specific lipid metabolic differences underlying the programming of hepatic metabolism.
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Insights into S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase related diseases and genetic polymorphisms. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108396. [PMID: 34893161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic methylation catalyzed by methyltransferases has a significant impact on many human biochemical reactions. As the second most ubiquitous cofactor in humans, S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM or AdoMet) serves as a methyl donor for SAM-dependent methyltransferases (MTases), which transfer a methyl group to a nucleophilic acceptor such as O, As, N, S, or C as the byproduct. SAM-dependent methyltransferases can be grouped into different types based on the substrates. Here we systematically reviewed eight types of methyltransferases associated with human diseases. Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (AS3MT), indolethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT), phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) and DNA methyltansferase (DNMT) are classic SAM-dependent MTases. Correlations between genotypes and disease susceptibility can be partially explained by genetic polymorphisms. The physiological function, substrate specificity, genetic variants and disease susceptibility associated with these eight SAM-dependent methyltransferases are discussed in this review.
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Bechmann N, Berger I, Bornstein SR, Steenblock C. Adrenal medulla development and medullary-cortical interactions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111258. [PMID: 33798635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian adrenal gland is composed of two distinct tissue types in a bidirectional connection, the catecholamine-producing medulla derived from the neural crest and the mesoderm-derived cortex producing steroids. The medulla mainly consists of chromaffin cells derived from multipotent nerve-associated descendants of Schwann cell precursors. Already during adrenal organogenesis, close interactions between cortex and medulla are necessary for proper differentiation and morphogenesis of the gland. Moreover, communication between the cortex and the medulla ensures a regular function of the adult adrenal. In tumor development, interfaces between the two parts are also common. Here, we summarize the development of the mammalian adrenal medulla and the current understanding of the cortical-medullary interactions under development and in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bechmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilona Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Kameneva P, Artemov AV, Kastriti ME, Faure L, Olsen TK, Otte J, Erickson A, Semsch B, Andersson ER, Ratz M, Frisén J, Tischler AS, de Krijger RR, Bouderlique T, Akkuratova N, Vorontsova M, Gusev O, Fried K, Sundström E, Mei S, Kogner P, Baryawno N, Kharchenko PV, Adameyko I. Single-cell transcriptomics of human embryos identifies multiple sympathoblast lineages with potential implications for neuroblastoma origin. Nat Genet 2021; 53:694-706. [PMID: 33833454 PMCID: PMC7610777 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the progression of cellular states during human embryogenesis can provide insights into the origin of pediatric diseases. We examined the transcriptional states of neural crest- and mesoderm-derived lineages differentiating into adrenal glands, kidneys, endothelium and hematopoietic tissue between post-conception weeks 6 and 14 of human development. Our results reveal transitions connecting the intermediate mesoderm and progenitors of organ primordia, the hematopoietic system and endothelial subtypes. Unexpectedly, by using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics and lineage tracing, we found that intra-adrenal sympathoblasts at that stage are directly derived from nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors, similarly to local chromaffin cells, whereas the majority of extra-adrenal sympathoblasts arise from the migratory neural crest. In humans, this process persists during several weeks of development within the large intra-adrenal ganglia-like structures, which may also serve as reservoirs of originating cells in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kameneva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Artem V Artemov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Louis Faure
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thale K Olsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörg Otte
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alek Erickson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bettina Semsch
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Ratz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Arthur S Tischler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald R de Krijger
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Deptartment of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thibault Bouderlique
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Akkuratova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Vorontsova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russian Federation
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
- RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Lalonde C, Grandbois J, Khurana S, Murray A, Tharmalingam S, Tai TC. Late gestational exposure to dexamethasone and fetal programming of abnormal behavior in Wistar Kyoto rats. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02049. [PMID: 33528889 PMCID: PMC8035474 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal programming was characterized a few decades ago, explaining the correlation of physiological phenotypes of offspring exposed to early-life stress. High acute or chronic prenatal stress can overwhelm the enzymatic placental barrier, inducing transcriptional changes in the fetus that can result in different adverse behavioral and physiological phenotypes. The current study investigates the impact of exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, during late gestation on behavioral outcomes. METHODS Pregnant Wistar Kyoto rats were given daily subcutaneous injections from gestational days 15-21 of either dexamethasone (0.9% NaCl, 4% EtOH, 100 µg kg-1 day-1 ) or were physically manipulated as naïve controls. Pups were raised normally until 17 weeks of age and underwent the Porsolt swim task and elevated plus maze for depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, respectively. Neural tissue was preserved for genetic analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Statistical analyses show significant disruption of behavior and genetic profiles of offspring exposed to dexamethasone in-utero. Exposed animals spent more time immobile on the swim task and entered open arms of the elevated plus maze more often than their naïve counterparts. In the prefrontal cortex, there was a sex by treatment interaction on gene expression relevant to neural transmission in ryanodine receptor 2, as well as increased gene expression in SNAP25, COMT, and LSAMP in males prenatally exposed to dexamethasone compared with controls. Both dysregulated genes and behavior are linked to decreased anxiety and fear inhibition. CONCLUSION Our results indicate adult offspring exposed to dexamethasone in-utero have a tendency toward passive stress-coping strategies and an inhibition of anxiety on behavioral tasks. Methyltransferase activity, synaptic activity, and cellular processes were disrupted in the prefrontal cortices of these animals. Specifically, genes involved in emotional response pathways were overexpressed, supporting the link between the behavioral and genetic profiles. Combined, we determine that dexamethasone offspring have adaptive predispositions when faced with novel situations, with increased immobility in the swim task and increased exploration on the elevated plus maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lalonde
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Grandbois
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Chem/Biochem, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Chem/Biochem, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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12
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Lamothe J, Khurana S, Tharmalingam S, Williamson C, Byrne CJ, Lees SJ, Khaper N, Kumar A, Tai T. Oxidative Stress Mediates the Fetal Programming of Hypertension by Glucocorticoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040531. [PMID: 33805403 PMCID: PMC8066984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of cardiovascular fetal programming has emphasized the importance of the uterine environment on postnatal cardiovascular health. Studies have linked increased fetal glucocorticoid exposure, either from exogenous sources (such as dexamethasone (Dex) injections), or from maternal stress, to the development of adult cardiovascular pathologies. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, alterations in gene expression driven by altered oxidative stress and epigenetic pathways are implicated in glucocorticoid-mediated cardiovascular programming. Antioxidants, such as the naturally occurring polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or the superoxide dismutase (SOD) 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL), have shown promise in the prevention of cardiovascular dysfunction and programming. This study investigated maternal antioxidant administration with EGCG or TEMPOL and their ability to attenuate the fetal programming of hypertension via Dex injections in WKY rats. Results from this study indicate that, while Dex-programming increased blood pressure in male and female adult offspring, administration of EGCG or TEMPOL via maternal drinking water attenuated Dex-programmed increases in blood pressure, as well as changes in adrenal mRNA and protein levels of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), in a sex-specific manner. Furthermore, programmed male offspring displayed reduced antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) expression, increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) expression, and increased pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase activator 1 (Noxa1) expression in the adrenal glands. In addition, prenatal Dex exposure alters expression of epigenetic regulators histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 5, 6, 7, 11, in male and HDAC7 in female offspring. These results suggest that glucocorticoids may mediate the fetal programming of hypertension via alteration of epigenetic machinery and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lamothe
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Chad Williamson
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Collin J. Byrne
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Simon J. Lees
- Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Aseem Kumar
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - T.C. Tai
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Xu T, Zhao M, Li H, Zhou X, Liu B, Sun M, Xu Z, Gao Q. Antenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Impairs the High-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels via Epigenetic Alteration at Gene Promoter in Male Offspring. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e284-e295. [PMID: 32967457 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antenatal exposure to glucocorticoids increases cardiovascular risks related to vascular dysfunctions in offspring, although underlying mechanisms are still unknown. As an important vascular mediator, high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) plays an essential role in determining vascular tone. Long-term effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on BK in offspring are largely unknown. This study examined the effects and mechanisms of antenatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of glucocorticoids on vascular BK in offspring. Approach and Results: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone or vehicle during the last week of pregnancy. Vascular functions, cellular electrophysiology, target gene expression, and promoter methylation were examined in mesenteric arteries of male offspring (gestational day 21 [fetus] and postnatal day 120 [adult offspring]). Antenatal dexamethasone exposure impaired BK activators-mediated relaxation and reduced whole-cell BK currents in mesenteric arteries. Antenatal dexamethasone exposure did not alter Ca2+/voltage-sensitivity of BK but downregulated the expressions of BK α and β1 subunits in both fetal and adult mesenteric arteries. In addition, increased promoter methylations within BKα and BKβ1 were compatible with reduced expressions of the 2 genes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed a profound and long-term impact of antenatal dexamethasone exposure on vascular BK via an altered epigenetic pattern from fetal stage to adulthood, advancing understanding of prolonged adverse effects and mechanisms of antenatal glucocorticoids exposure on vascular health in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
| | - Bailin Liu
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- First Hospital of Soochow University, Institute for Fetology, Suzhou, China
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14
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Tharmalingam S, Khurana S, Murray A, Lamothe J, Tai TC. Whole transcriptome analysis of adrenal glands from prenatal glucocorticoid programmed hypertensive rodents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18755. [PMID: 33127986 PMCID: PMC7603342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with the development of hypertension in adults. We have previously demonstrated that antenatal dexamethosone (DEX) administration in Wistar-Kyoto dams results in offspring with increased blood pressure coupled with elevated plasma epinephrine levels. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for prenatal DEX-mediated programming of hypertension, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed on DEX programmed WKY male adrenal glands using the Rat Gene 2.0 microarray. Differential gene expression (DEG) analysis of DEX-exposed offspring compared with saline-treated controls revealed 142 significant DEGs (109 upregulated and 33 downregulated genes). DEG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that genes involved in circadian rhythm signaling were most robustly dysregulated. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the increased expression of circadian genes Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per2, Per3, Cry2 and Bhlhe41 were significantly downregulated. In contrast, gene expression profiling of Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats, a genetic model of hypertension, demonstrated decreased expression of Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Bhlhe41 and Csnk1D were all upregulated compared to naïve WKY controls. Taken together, this study establishes that glucocorticoid programmed adrenals have impaired circadian signaling and that changes in adrenal circadian rhythm may be an underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Jeremy Lamothe
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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15
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Davidson CQ, Tharmalingam S, Niccoli S, Nemec-Bakk A, Khurana S, Murray A, Tai TC, Boreham DR, Khaper N, Lees SJ. Dose threshold for radiation induced fetal programming in a mouse model at 4 months of age: Hepatic expression of genes and proteins involved in glucose metabolism and glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231650. [PMID: 32315370 PMCID: PMC7173787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation contributing to negative health outcomes is a widespread concern. However, the impact of low dose and sub-lethal dose radiation (SLDR) exposures remain contentious, particularly in pregnant women who represent a vulnerable group. The fetal programming hypothesis states that an adverse in utero environment or stress during development of an embryo or fetus can result in permanent physiologic changes often resulting in progressive metabolic dysfunction with age. To assess changes in gene expression profiles of glucose/insulin signaling and lipid metabolism caused by radiation exposure in utero, pregnant C57Bl/6J mice were irradiated using a dose response ranging from low dose to SLDR and compared to a Sham-irradiated group. mRNA expression analysis in 16 week old offspring (n = 84) revealed that genes involved in metabolic function including glucose metabolism, insulin signaling and lipid metabolism were unaffected by prenatal radiation exposures up to 300 mGy. However, female offspring of dams exposed to 1000 mGy had upregulated expression of genes contributing to insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis. In a second cohort of mice, the effects of SLDR on fetal programming of hepatic SOCS3 and PEPCK protein expression were assessed. 4 month old female offspring of dams irradiated at 1000 mGy had: 1) increased liver weights, 2) increased hepatic expression of proteins involved in glucose metabolism and 3) increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) measured by positron emission tomography (PET) (n = 25). The results of this study indicate that prenatal radiation exposure does not affect metabolic function up to 300 mGy and 1000 mGy may be a threshold dose for sex-specific alterations in glucose uptake and hepatic gene and protein expression of SOCS3, PEPCK, PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B. These findings suggest that SLDR doses alter glucose uptake in IBAT and hepatic gene and protein expression of offspring and these changes may progress with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Niccoli
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Nemec-Bakk
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. C. Tai
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas R. Boreham
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J. Lees
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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The Role of DNMT and HDACs in the Fetal Programming of Hypertension by Glucocorticoids. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5751768. [PMID: 32318239 PMCID: PMC7149440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5751768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The causes of hypertension are complex and involve both genetic and environmental factors. Environment changes during fetal development have been linked to adult diseases including hypertension. Studies show that timed in utero exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone (Dex) results in the development of hypertension in adult rats. Evidence suggests that in utero stress can alter patterns of gene expression, possibly a result of alterations in the topology of the genome by epigenetic markers such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of epigenetic regulators in the fetal programming and the development of adult hypertension. Specifically, this research examined the effects of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) and the DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5aza2DC) on blood pressure (BP) and gene expression in prenatal Dex-programmed rats. Data suggest that both VPA and 5aza2DC attenuated the Dex-mediated development of hypertension and restored BP to control levels. Epigenetic DNMT inhibition (DNMTi) or HDAC inhibition (HDACi) also successfully attenuated elevations in the majority of altered catecholamine (CA) enzyme expression, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) protein, and elevated epinephrine (Epi) levels in males. Although females responded to HDACi similar to males, DNMTi drove increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and PNMT expression and elevations in circulating Epi in females despite showing normotensive BP.
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17
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Sadhu N, Jhun EH, Posen A, Yao Y, He Y, Molokie RE, Wilkie DJ, Wang ZJ. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms associate with crisis pain in sickle cell disease patients. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:269-278. [PMID: 32162598 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes the conversion of sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine to epinephrine. We examined the association of PNMT polymorphisms with acute and chronic pain in sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods: Utilization of emergency care owing to painful crisis was used as a marker for acute pain in 131 patients with SCD. Results: rs876493 A allele, rs2934965 T allele and rs2941523 G allele were significantly associated with decreased utilization (p ≤ 0.05). rs876493 A allele showed association with utilization in females (p = 0.003), not males (p = 0.803). rs2934965 T allele and rs2941523 G allele were predicted to cause loss of putative transcription factor binding sites. This is the first report of the association of PNMT polymorphisms with acute crisis pain in SCD. Together with our previous findings in catechol-o-methyltransferase, polymorphisms in catecholamine metabolizing enzymes appear to primarily influence acute pain in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sadhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ellie H Jhun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Andrew Posen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yingwei Yao
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ying He
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.,Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert E Molokie
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.,Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diana J Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zaijie J Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.,Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Insights into sympathetic nervous system and GPCR interplay in fetal programming of hypertension: a bridge for new pharmacological strategies. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:739-747. [PMID: 32032706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In addition to the classical CVD risk factors related to lifestyle and/or genetic background, exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment compromises fetal development leading to low birth weight and increasing offspring susceptibility to develop CVDs later in life, particularly hypertension - a process known as fetal programming of hypertension (FPH). In FPH animal models, permanent alterations have been detected in gene expression, in the structure and function of heart and blood vessels, compromising cardiovascular physiology and favoring hypertension development. This review focuses on the role of the sympathetic nervous system and its interplay with G-protein-coupled receptors, emphasizing strategies that envisage the prevention and/or treatment of FPH through interventions in early life.
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19
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Prenatal dexamethasone exposure-induced a gender-difference and sustainable multi-organ damage in offspring rats via serum metabolic profile analysis. Toxicol Lett 2019; 316:136-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Bornstein SR, Berger I, Scriba L, Santambrogio A, Steenblock C. Adrenal cortex–medulla interactions in adaptation to stress and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Fetal programming of adrenal PNMT and hypertension by glucocorticoids in WKY rats is dose and sex-dependent. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221719. [PMID: 31483805 PMCID: PMC6726223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical changes in utero may alter normal fetal development, resulting in disease later in life, a phenomenon known as fetal programming. Recent epidemiological studies link fetal programming to negative health outcomes, such as low birth weight and hypertension in adulthood. Here, we used a WKY rat model and studied the molecular changes triggered by prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) exposure on the development of hypertension, and on the regulation of phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT), the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of epinephrine, and a candidate gene linked to hypertension. Clinically, high doses of the synthetic GC dexamethasone (DEX) are used to treat infant respiratory distress syndrome. Elevated maternal GCs have been correlated with fetal programming of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine if lower doses of DEX would not lead to detrimental fetal programming effects such as hypertension. Our data suggests that prenatal stress programs for increased expression of PNMT and altered regulation of PNMT in males and females. Importantly, we identified that DEX mediated programming was more apparent in the male rats, and the lower dose 10μg/kg/day of DEX did not lead to changes in blood pressure (BP) in female rats suggesting that this dose is below the threshold for programming of hypertension. Furthermore, sex-specific differences were observed in regards to programming mechanisms that may account for hypertension in males.
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22
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Novoselova TV, King PJ, Guasti L, Metherell LA, Clark AJL, Chan LF. ACTH signalling and adrenal development: lessons from mouse models. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R122-R130. [PMID: 31189126 PMCID: PMC6652236 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-2-receptor (MC2R), also known as the ACTH receptor, is a critical component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The importance of MC2R in adrenal physiology is exemplified by the condition familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD), a potentially fatal disease characterised by isolated cortisol deficiency. MC2R mutations cause ~25% of cases. The discovery of a MC2R accessory protein MRAP, mutations of which account for ~20% of FGD, has provided insight into MC2R trafficking and signalling. MRAP is a single transmembrane domain accessory protein highly expressed in the adrenal gland and essential for MC2R expression and function. Mouse models helped elucidate the action of ACTH. The Mc2r-knockout (Mc2r - / - ) mice was the first mouse model developed to have adrenal insufficiency with deficiencies in glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and catecholamines. We recently reported the generation of the Mrap - / - mice which better mimics the human FGD phenotype with isolated glucocorticoid deficiency alone. The adrenal glands of adult Mrap - / - mice were grossly dysmorphic with a thickened capsule, deranged zonation and deranged WNT4/beta-catenin and sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway signalling. Collectively, these mouse models of FGD highlight the importance of ACTH and MRAP in adrenal progenitor cell regulation, cortex maintenance and zonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Novoselova
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter J King
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adrian J L Clark
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li F Chan
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to L F Chan:
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Sreetharan S, Stoa L, Cybulski ME, Jones DE, Lee AH, Kulesza AV, Tharmalingam S, Boreham DR, Tai TC, Wilson JY. Cardiovascular and growth outcomes of C57Bl/6J mice offspring exposed to maternal stress and ionizing radiation during pregnancy. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1085-1093. [PMID: 30831046 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Developmental programming involves an adverse intrauterine environment which can result in offspring phenotype changes following birth. The developmental programming of hypertension has been reported to possibly involve oxidative stress at the cellular level. Ionizing radiation produces oxidative stress, even at low doses, and irradiation of animals is often coupled with potential sources of maternal stress such as transportation of animals or repeated handling. Materials and methods: Pregnant C57Bl/6J mice were irradiated on gestational day 15 with 5-1000 mGy 137Cs gamma radiation. Post-natal weight, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Radiation had minimal effects at doses ≤300 mGy, but 1000 mGy caused a significant reduction in HR in male pups and growth reduction at 16 weeks of age in both genders. The sham-irradiation protocol included repeated transportation in order to acclimate animals to transport. However, it may have resulted in programming, as sham-irradiation alone resulted in elevated BP measures compared to the offspring of animals that were never transported. Results and conclusions: Overall, there were minimal effects on cardiovascular measures or offspring weight due to irradiation except at 1000 mGy. The presence of maternal stress, a known trigger of developmental programming, may have confounded any potential irradiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Stoa
- a Department of Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Cybulski
- b Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada.,c Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
| | - Devon E Jones
- a Department of Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Abigail H Lee
- a Department of Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Adomas V Kulesza
- a Department of Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- c Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- c Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
| | - T C Tai
- c Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- a Department of Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
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Komatsubara M, Hara T, Hosoya T, Toma K, Tsukamoto-Yamauchi N, Iwata N, Inagaki K, Wada J, Otsuka F. Melatonin regulates catecholamine biosynthesis by modulating bone morphogenetic protein and glucocorticoid actions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:182-189. [PMID: 27267863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is functionally involved in the control of circadian rhythm and hormonal secretion. In the present study, we investigated the roles of melatonin in the interaction of catecholamine synthesis with adrenocortical steroids by focusing on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 expressed in the adrenal medulla using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression of catecholamine synthases, including the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase expressed in PC12 cells. In accordance with changes in the expression levels of enzymes, dopamine production and cAMP synthesis determined in the culture medium and cell lysate were also suppressed by melatonin. The MT1 receptor, but not the MT2 receptor, was expressed in PC12 cells, and luzindole treatment reversed the inhibitory effect of melatonin on Th expression, suggesting that MT1 is a functional receptor for the control of catecholamine synthesis. Interestingly, melatonin enhanced the inhibitory effect of BMP-4 on Th mRNA expression in PC12 cells. Melatonin treatment accelerated BMP-4-induced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 and transcription of the BMP target gene Id1. Of note, melatonin significantly upregulated Alk2 and Bmpr2 mRNA levels but suppressed inhibitory Smad6/7 expression, leading to the enhancement of SMAD1/5/8 signaling in PC12 cells, while BMP-4 did not affect Mt1 expression. Regarding the interaction with adrenocortical steroids, melatonin preferentially enhanced glucocorticoid-induced Th mRNA through upregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor and downregulation of Bmp4 expression, whereas melatonin repressed Th mRNA expression induced by aldosterone or androgen without affecting expression levels of the receptors for mineralocorticoid and androgen. Collectively, the results indicate that melatonin plays a modulatory role in catecholamine synthesis by cooperating with BMP-4 and glucocorticoid in the adrenal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoshi Komatsubara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hosoya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kishio Toma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsukamoto-Yamauchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inagaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Gerosa M, Schioppo T, Meroni PL. Challenges and treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1539-47. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1197204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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