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Liu S, Wang S, Zhao L, Li T, Zhang Y, Wang H, Bao Z, Hu X. Functional Analysis of β-Carotene Oxygenase 2 ( BCO2) Gene in Yesso Scallop ( Patinopecten yessoensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3947. [PMID: 38612756 PMCID: PMC11012205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential nutrients for humans and animals, and carotenoid coloration represents an important meat quality parameter for many farmed animals. Increasingly, studies have demonstrated that vertebrate carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) are essential enzymes in carotenoid metabolism and are therefore potential candidate genes for improving carotenoid deposition. However, our understanding of carotenoid bioavailability and CCOs functions in invertebrates, particularly marine species, is currently quite limited. We previously identified that a CCO homolog, PyBCO-like 1, was the causal gene for carotenoid coloration in the 'Haida golden scallop', a variety of Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) characterized by carotenoid enrichment. Here, we found that another CCO-encoding gene named PyBCO2 (β-carotene oxygenase 2) was widely expressed in P. yessoensis organs/tissues, with the highest expression in striated muscle. Inhibiting BCO2 expression in P. yessoensis through RNA interference led to increased carotenoid (pectenolone and pectenoxanthin) deposition in the striated muscle, and the color of the striated muscle changed from white to light orange. Our results indicate that PyBCO2 might be a candidate gene used for improving carotenoid content in normal Yesso scallops, and also in 'Haida golden scallops'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuyue Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Tingting Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yihan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huizhen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Dansou DM, Zhang H, Yu Y, Wang H, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:315-333. [PMID: 37635928 PMCID: PMC10448277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus. The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties. Nutritional modification of laying hens' diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs. This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs, the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs, and the functions of carotenoids in eggs. Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value. The biosynthesis, chemical structure, and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms. Also, some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs. Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising, ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs. However, further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M. Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Wu S, Zhao L, Huang J, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang D. miR-330 targeting BCO2 is involved in carotenoid metabolism to regulate skin pigmentation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:124. [PMID: 36927381 PMCID: PMC10021964 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating skin pigmentation. As a key economic trait, skin color directly affects the market value of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), however, the regulatory mechanism of most miRNAs in fish skin color is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2, a key regulator of carotenoid metabolism) from the rainbow trout was obtained using rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology, and qRT-PCR was used to investigate the differential expression of miR-330 and BCO2 in 14 developmental stages and 13 tissues between wild-type rainbow trout (WTrt) and yellow mutant rainbow trout (YMrt). Additionally, the function of miR-330 was verified by overexpression and silencing in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the complete cDNA sequence of BCO2 was 2057 bp with a 1707 bp ORF, encoding a 568 amino acid protein having a molecular weight of 64.07 kD. Sequence alignment revealed that higher conservation of BCO2 protein amongst fishes than amongst other vertebrates, which was further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns suggested that BCO2 and miR-330 were abundantly expressed from fertilized-stage to multi-cell as well as in the dorsal and ventral skin of WTrt and YMrt, and their expression patterns were opposite in most of the same periods and tissues. In vitro, luciferase reporter assay confirmed that BCO2 was a direct target of miR-330, and transfection of miR-330 mimics into rainbow trout liver cells resulted in a decrease in the expression of BCO2; conversely, miR-330 inhibitor had the opposite effect to the miR-330 mimics. In vivo, miR-330 agomir significantly decreased BCO2 expression in dorsal skin, tail fin, and liver. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-330 could suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results showed that miR-330 is involved in the regulation of skin pigmentation in rainbow trout by targeting BCO2 and shows its promise as a potential molecular target to assist the selection of rainbow trout with better skin color patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenji Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jinqiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yongjuan Li
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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4
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Sun J, Chen T, Zhu M, Wang R, Huang Y, Wei Q, Yang M, Liao Y. Whole-genome sequencing revealed genetic diversity and selection of Guangxi indigenous chickens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0250392. [PMID: 35290380 PMCID: PMC8923445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guangxi chickens play a crucial role in promoting the high-quality development of the broiler industry in China, but their value and potential are yet to be discovered. To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of Guangxi indigenous chicken, we analyzed the whole genomes of 185 chickens from 8 phenotypically and geographically representative Guangxi chicken breeds, together with 12 RJFt, 12 BRA and 12 WL genomes available from previous studies. Calculation of heterozygosity (Hp), nucleotide diversity (π), and LD level indicated that Guangxi populations were characterized by higher genetic diversity and lower differentiation than RJFt and commercial breeds except for HGFC. Population structure analysis also confirmed the introgression from commercial broiler breeds. Each population clustered together while the overall differentiation was slight. MA has the richest genetic diversity among all varieties. Selective sweep analysis revealed BCO2, EDN3 and other candidate genes had received strong selection in local breeds. These also provided novel breeding visual and data basis for future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Chen
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ran Wang
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingfei Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manman Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (YL)
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (YL)
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5
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Enbody ED, Sprehn CG, Abzhanov A, Bi H, Dobreva MP, Osborne OG, Rubin CJ, Grant PR, Grant BR, Andersson L. A multispecies BCO2 beak color polymorphism in the Darwin's finch radiation. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5597-5604.e7. [PMID: 34687609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid-based polymorphisms are widespread in populations of birds, fish, and reptiles,1 but generally little is known about the factors affecting their maintenance in populations.2 We report a combined field and molecular-genetic investigation of a nestling beak color polymorphism in Darwin's finches. Beaks are pink or yellow, and yellow is recessive.3 Here we show that the polymorphism arose in the Galápagos half a million years ago through a mutation associated with regulatory change in the BCO2 gene and is shared by 14 descendant species. The polymorphism is probably a balanced polymorphism, maintained by ecological selection associated with survival and diet. In cactus finches, the frequency of the yellow genotype is correlated with cactus fruit abundance and greater hatching success and may be altered by introgressive hybridization. Polymorphisms that are hidden as adults, as here, may be far more common than is currently recognized, and contribute to diversification in ways that are yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Enbody
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - C Grace Sprehn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, SL5 7PY Ascot, UK
| | - Huijuan Bi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariya P Dobreva
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, SL5 7PY Ascot, UK
| | - Owen G Osborne
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Carl-Johan Rubin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter R Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - B Rosemary Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
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6
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Wang K, Hu H, Tian Y, Li J, Scheben A, Zhang C, Li Y, Wu J, Yang L, Fan X, Sun G, Li D, Zhang Y, Han R, Jiang R, Huang H, Yan F, Wang Y, Li Z, Li G, Liu X, Li W, Edwards D, Kang X. The chicken pan-genome reveals gene content variation and a promoter region deletion in IGF2BP1 affecting body size. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:5066-5081. [PMID: 34329477 PMCID: PMC8557422 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestication and breeding have reshaped the genomic architecture of chicken, but the retention and loss of genomic elements during these evolutionary processes remain unclear. We present the first chicken pan-genome constructed using 664 individuals, which identified an additional ∼66.5 Mb sequences that are absent from the reference genome (GRCg6a). The constructed pan-genome encoded 20,491 predicated protein-coding genes, of which higher expression level are observed in conserved genes relative to dispensable genes. Presence/absence variation (PAV) analyses demonstrated that gene PAV in chicken was shaped by selection, genetic drift, and hybridization. PAV-based GWAS identified numerous candidate mutations related to growth, carcass composition, meat quality, or physiological traits. Among them, a deletion in the promoter region of IGF2BP1 affecting chicken body size is reported, which is supported by functional studies and extra samples. This is the first time to report the causal variant of chicken body size QTL located at chromosome 27 which was repeatedly reported. Therefore, the chicken pan-genome is a useful resource for biological discovery and breeding. It improves our understanding of chicken genome diversity and provides materials to unveil the evolution history of chicken domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haifei Hu
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Armin Scheben
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuewei Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hetian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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7
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Wang K, Zhang L, Duan D, Qiao R, Li X, Li X, Han X. Genomic Analysis Reveals Human-Mediated Introgression From European Commercial Pigs to Henan Indigenous Pigs. Front Genet 2021; 12:705803. [PMID: 34220966 PMCID: PMC8249855 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.705803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introgression of genetic features from European pigs into Chinese pigs was reported possibly contributing to improvements in productivity traits, such as feed conversion efficiency and body size. However, the genomic differences from European pigs and the potential role of introgression in Henan indigenous pigs remains unclear. In this study, we found significant introgression from European pigs into the genome of Chinese indigenous pigs, especially in Henan indigenous pigs. The introgression in Henan indigenous pigs, particularly in the Nanyang black pig, was mainly derived from Duroc pigs. Most importantly, we found that the NR6A1, GPD2, and CSRNP3 genes were introgressed and reshaped by artificial selection, and these may have contributed to increases in pig body size and feed conversion efficiency. Our results suggest that human-mediated introgression and selection have reshaped the genome of Henan pigs and improved several of their desired traits. These findings contribute to our understanding of the history of Henan indigenous pigs and provide insights into the genetic mechanisms affecting economically important traits in pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lige Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Duan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Gazda MA, Toomey MB, Araújo PM, Lopes RJ, Afonso S, Myers CA, Serres K, Kiser PD, Hill GE, Corbo JC, Carneiro M. Genetic Basis of De Novo Appearance of Carotenoid Ornamentation in Bare Parts of Canaries. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1317-1328. [PMID: 31930402 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike wild and domestic canaries (Serinus canaria), or any of the three dozen species of finches in genus Serinus, the domestic urucum breed of canaries exhibits bright red bills and legs. This novel trait offers a unique opportunity to understand the mechanisms of bare-part coloration in birds. To identify the mutation producing the colorful phenotype, we resequenced the genome of urucum canaries and performed a range of analyses to search for genotype-to-phenotype associations across the genome. We identified a nonsynonymous mutation in the gene BCO2 (beta-carotene oxygenase 2, also known as BCDO2), an enzyme involved in the cleavage and breakdown of full-length carotenoids into short apocarotenoids. Protein structural models and in vitro functional assays indicate that the urucum mutation abrogates the carotenoid-cleavage activity of BCO2. Consistent with the predicted loss of carotenoid-cleavage activity, urucum canaries tended to have increased levels of full-length carotenoid pigments in bill tissue and reduced levels of carotenoid-cleavage products (apocarotenoids) in retinal tissue compared with other breeds of canaries. We hypothesize that carotenoid-based bare-part coloration might be readily gained, modified, or lost through simple switches in the enzymatic activity or regulation of BCO2 and this gene may be an important mediator in the evolution of bare-part coloration among bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Anna Gazda
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Matthew B Toomey
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
| | - Pedro M Araújo
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J Lopes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Sandra Afonso
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Connie A Myers
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kyla Serres
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Philip D Kiser
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Joseph C Corbo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Miguel Carneiro
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Wu L, Lu P, Guo X, Song K, Lyu Y, Bothwell J, Wu J, Hawkins O, Clarke SL, Lucas EA, Smith BJ, Chowanadisai W, Hartson SD, Ritchey JW, Wang W, Medeiros DM, Li S, Lin D. β-carotene oxygenase 2 deficiency-triggered mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:271-284. [PMID: 33453359 PMCID: PMC7946548 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is a critical pathological factor contributing to the development of metabolic disorders. β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) was initially identified as an enzyme catalyzing carotenoids in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in BCO2 are associated with inflammation and metabolic disorders in humans, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used loss-of-function approaches in mice and cell culture models to investigate the role of BCO2 in inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. We demonstrated decreases in BCO2 mRNA and protein levels and suppression of mitochondrial respiratory complex I proteins and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase levels in the liver of type 2 diabetic human subjects. Deficiency of BCO2 caused disruption of assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes, such as supercomplex III2+IV in mice, and overproduction of superoxide radicals in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Further, deficiency of BCO2 increased protein carbonylation and populations of natural killer cells and M1 macrophages, and decreased populations of T cells, including CD4+ and/or CD8+ in the bone marrow and white adipose tissues. Elevation of plasma inflammatory cytokines and adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation were also characterized in BCO2 deficient mice. Moreover, BCO2 deficient mice were more susceptible to high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. Double knockout of BCO2 and leptin receptor genes caused a significantly greater elevation of the fasting blood glucose level in mice at 4 weeks of age, compared to the age- and sex-matched leptin receptor knockout. Finally, administration of Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial specific antioxidant attenuated systemic low-grade inflammation induced by BCO2 deficiency. Collectively, these findings suggest that BCO2 is essential for mitochondrial respiration and metabolic homeostasis in mammals. Loss or decreased expression of BCO2 leads to mitochondrial oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, and the subsequent development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Peiran Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - James Bothwell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Olivia Hawkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Stephen L Clarke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Steve D Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jerry W Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Denis M Medeiros
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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10
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Carotenoid metabolism in mitochondrial function. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are found in most eukaryotic organisms. It is broadly accepted that mitochondria originally evolved from prokaryotic bacteria, e.g. proteobacteria. The mitochondrion has its independent genome that encodes 37 genes, including 13 genes for oxidative phosphorylation. Accumulative evidence demonstrates that mitochondria are not only the powerhouse of the cells by supplying adenosine triphosphate, but also exert roles as signalling organelles in the cell fate and function. Numerous factors can affect mitochondria structurally and functionally. Carotenoids are a large group of fat-soluble pigments commonly found in our diets. Recently, much attention has been paid in carotenoids as dietary bioactives in mitochondrial structure and function in human health and disease, though the mechanistic research is limited. Here, we update the recent progress in mitochondrial functioning as signalling organelles in human health and disease, summarize the potential roles of carotenoids in regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis, biogenesis, and mitophagy, and discuss the possible approaches for future research in carotenoid regulation of mitochondrial function.
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11
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Sun Y, Liu M, Yan C, Yang H, Wu Z, Liu Y, Su N, Hou J, Zhang J, Yang F, Zhang J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of β, β-carotene 9', 10'-oxygenase gene (EcBCO2) from Exopalaemon carinicauda. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:168-177. [PMID: 32057858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is an efficient genome editing tool for producing genetically modified animals. Carotenoids color the world around us and their accumulation in animals could be used to culture colorful new verities in animal breeding. β, β-carotene 9', 10'-oxygenase (BCO2) is an important enzyme during β-carotene metabolism. In this research, one full-length cDNA sequence encoding BCO2 (named EcBCO2) were obtained from Exopalaemon carinicauda. The genomic structure analysis showed that EcBCO2 gene was composed of 9 exons and 8 introns. Then, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of EcBCO2 gene was generated by co-microinjection of Cas9 mRNA and EcBCO2 sgRNA into one-cell stage embryos of E. carinicauda. Subsequently, the phenotype of EcBCO2-KO prawns was compared with that of wild-type prawns, which showed that EcBCO2-KO resulted in the color change in the hepatopancreas of prawns. In addition, the EcBCO2-KO prawns had a higher survival rate than wild-type prawns when the prawns were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Aeromonas hydrophila. These results indicate that BCO2 gene could be used as a candidate gene in molecular marker-assistant breeding of prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Naike Su
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiale Hou
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan 310012, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan 310012, China.
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12
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von Lintig J, Moon J, Babino D. Molecular components affecting ocular carotenoid and retinoid homeostasis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100864. [PMID: 32339666 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of vision employs opsins and geometric isomerization of their covalently bound retinylidine chromophores. In different animal classes, these light receptors associate with distinct G proteins that either hyperpolarize or depolarize photoreceptor membranes. Vertebrates also use the acidic form of chromophore, retinoic acid, as the ligand of nuclear hormone receptors that orchestrate eye development. To establish and sustain these processes, animals must acquire carotenoids from the diet, transport them, and metabolize them to chromophore and retinoic acid. The understanding of carotenoid metabolism, however, lagged behind our knowledge about the biology of their receptor molecules. In the past decades, much progress has been made in identifying the genes encoding proteins that mediate the transport and enzymatic transformations of carotenoids and their retinoid metabolites. Comparative analysis in different animal classes revealed how evolutionary tinkering with a limited number of genes evolved different biochemical strategies to supply photoreceptors with chromophore. Mutations in these genes impair carotenoid metabolism and induce various ocular pathologies. This review summarizes this advancement and introduces the involved proteins, including the homeostatic regulation of their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jean Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Darwin Babino
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Carotenoid metabolism at the intestinal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158580. [PMID: 31794861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids exert a rich variety of physiological functions in mammals and are beneficial for human health. These lipids are acquired from the diet and metabolized to apocarotenoids, including retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites). The small intestine is a major site for their absorption and bioconversion. From here, carotenoids and their metabolites are distributed within the body in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to support retinoid signaling in peripheral tissues and photoreceptor function in the eyes. In recent years, much progress has been made in identifying carotenoid metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and binding proteins. A diet-responsive regulatory network controls the activity of these components and adapts carotenoid absorption and bioconversion to the bodily requirements of these lipids. Genetic variability in the genes encoding these components alters carotenoid homeostasis and is associated with pathologies. We here summarize the advanced state of knowledge about intestinal carotenoid metabolism and its impact on carotenoid and retinoid homeostasis of other organ systems, including the eyes, liver, and immune system. The implication of the findings for science-based intake recommendations for these essential dietary lipids is discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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