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Asahara N, Okada-Iwabu M, Iwabu M, Wada K, Oka K, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. A monoclonal antibody activating AdipoR for type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4216. [PMID: 37948516 PMCID: PMC10637737 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are promising targets for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. In this study, we aimed to establish agonistic antibodies against AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 with a long enough half-life to provide a means of improving poor medication adherence associated with preclinical small-molecule AdipoR agonists or existing antidiabetic drugs. Monoclonal antibodies were obtained by immunizing AdipoR knockout mice with human AdipoR-expressing cells. Of the antibodies shown to bind to both, an agonist antibody was obtained, which exhibited adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-activating properties such as adiponectin and was named AdipoR-activating monoclonal antibody (AdipoRaMab). AdipoRaMab ameliorated glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice, which was not observed in AdipoR1·AdipoR2 double knockout mice. AdipoRaMab exhibited anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model, indicating its therapeutic potential in diabetes and in NASH. In addition, the results of this study indicated that AdipoRaMab may exert therapeutic effects even in a once-monthly dosing regimen through its humanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Asahara
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Miki Okada-Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Advanced Research on Pathophysiology of Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Kouichi Wada
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Oka
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Advanced Research on Pathophysiology of Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Advanced Research on Pathophysiology of Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
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Iwabu M, Okada-Iwabu M, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin/AdipoR Research and Its Implications for Lifestyle-Related Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:116. [PMID: 31475160 PMCID: PMC6703139 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with obesity continues to increase seriously worldwide. It has become clear that, against a background of insulin resistance, obesity induces the so-called metabolic syndrome consisting of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, leading, consequently, to an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in affected individuals. It is shown that environmental factors, e.g., high-fat diet and lack of physical activity, not only promote the onset of obesity but lead to impairment of the action of adiponectin and its receptors, thus accounting in part for the onset of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes/metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis in modern society. This review is intended to highlight some milestones in adipocyte research from the discovery of the insulin-sensitizing properties of adiponectin to the elucidation of the structures of its receptors, as well as to clarify their therapeutic implications and prospects for lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Advanced Research on Pathophysiology of Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Miki Okada-Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Advanced Research on Pathophysiology of Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Life-Style Related Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University, Kawasaki, Japan
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Liang S, Li H, Shen X, Liu R. Increased serum adiponectin predicts improved coronary flow and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22864. [PMID: 30779470 PMCID: PMC6595347 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that adiponectin (APN) could ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion injury and endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship between serum APN level and coronary flow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear. Methods A total of 144 patients with STEMI treated by PPCI were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the mean serum APN level on admission. The data on coronary angiograms and laboratory examinations were collected and compared between groups. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was evaluated in all enrolled patients. Results The prevalence of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade <3 after PPCI and corrected TIMI frame count were lower in the high‐APN group (P = 0.032 and P = 0.029, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that APN was an independent negative predictor of poor coronary flow after PPCI (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56‐0.93, P = 0.011). Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that a higher APN level correlated with a better MACE‐free survival rate, and multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis indicated that high APN was a significant negative predictor of MACE (hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29‐1.00, P = 0.048). Conclusion Elevated serum levels of APN on admission are associated with improved myocardial blood flow and clinical outcomes in STEMI patients treated with PPCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Aarabi G, Zeller T, Heydecke G, Munz M, Schäfer A, Seedorf U. Roles of the Chr.9p21.3 ANRIL Locus in Regulating Inflammation and Implications for Anti-Inflammatory Drug Target Identification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:47. [PMID: 29868613 PMCID: PMC5968182 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common gingival infectious disease caused by an over-aggressive inflammatory reaction to dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. The disease induces a profound systemic inflammatory host response, that triggers endothelial dysfunction and pro-thrombosis and thus may aggravate atherosclerotic vascular disease and its clinical complications. Recently, a risk haplotype at the ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS1 locus on chromosome 9p21.3, that is not only associated with coronary artery disease / myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) but also with PD, could be identified by genome-wide association studies. The locus encodes ANRIL - a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which, like other lncRNAs, regulates genome methylation via interacting with specific DNA sequences and proteins, such as DNA methyltranferases and polycomb proteins, thereby affecting expression of multiple genes by cis and trans mechanisms. Here, we describe ANRIL regulated genes and metabolic pathways and discuss implications of the findings for target identification of drugs with potentially anti-inflammatory activity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg (UHZ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne Schäfer
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Souza RA, Alves CMR, de Oliveira CSV, Reis AF, Carvalho AC. Circulating levels of adiponectin and extent of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6738. [PMID: 29211251 PMCID: PMC5711007 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), an adipose tissue-released adipokine with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties, is encoded by a gene whose polymorphisms are associated with presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Serum APN levels are inversely related with presence and complexity of CAD. Within this context, we sought to compare levels of total APN and its high molecular weight form (HMW APN) according to clinical presentation and extent of CAD in patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. From March 2008 to June 2010, clinical data and blood samples for APN and HMW APN measurements were collected from 415 subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization at two tertiary centers. CAD extent was estimated by the number of coronary arteries with significant stenosis (≥70% obstruction in a major coronary artery) and by Duke Jeopardy Score (DJS). Serum APN levels were similar between groups with stable or unstable CAD (APN 9.20±5.88 vs 9.47±6.23 μg/mL, P=0.738, and HMW APN 5.31±3.72 vs 5.91±4.16 μg/mL, P=0.255), even after stratification by the number of arteries involved (single-vessel vs multivessel disease: APN 9.39±5.76 vs 9.26±6.27 μg/mL, P=0.871; HMW APN 5.29±3.79 vs 5.83±4.04 μg/mL, P=0.306) and DJS score (APN, P=0.718; HMW APN, P=0.276). We conclude that APN and HMW APN serum levels are similar across clinical presentations and different extents of CAD, despite being significantly lower in the presence of obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Souza
- Cardiologia Intervencionista, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C M R Alves
- Cardiologia Intervencionista, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C S V de Oliveira
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A F Reis
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Carvalho
- Disciplina de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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6
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Aarabi G, Zeller T, Seedorf H, Reissmann D, Heydecke G, Schaefer A, Seedorf U. Genetic Susceptibility Contributing to Periodontal and Cardiovascular Disease. J Dent Res 2017; 96:610-617. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517699786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common diseases characterized by an overaggressive inflammatory response to diverse stimuli. Whereas PD leads to destruction of the tooth-supporting structures, CAD is a chronic inflammatory condition ultimately causing myocardial infarction via narrowing and occluding of blood vessels. Classical twin studies led to the conclusion that both complex diseases have a similar degree of heritability and that a significant fraction of the genetic factors accounting for this heritability is shared. Recent genome-wide association and large-scale candidate gene studies highlight that variations in >50 genes are associated with premature CAD, while variations in only 4 genes showing nominally significant associations with aggressive periodontitis and/or chronic periodontitis have so far been identified. Remarkably, 3 of the PD loci (75%) show shared associations with CAD ( ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS1, PLG, CAMTA1/VAMP3), suggesting involvement of common pathogenic mechanisms. In this critical review, we highlight recent progress in identifying genetic markers and variants associated with PD, present their overlap with CAD, and discuss functional aspects. In addition, we answer why a significant fraction of the heritability of PD is still missing, and we suggest approaches that may be taken to close the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D.R. Reissmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Research Center ImmunoSciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Iwabu M, Okada-Iwabu M, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin/adiponectin receptor in disease and aging. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2015; 1:15013. [PMID: 28721260 PMCID: PMC5514982 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are not merely organs for energy conservation but endocrine organs secreting a wide array of physiologically active substances, i.e., adipokines. Of these adipokines, adiponectin is known to exert anti-diabetic and anti-atherosclerotic effects via adiponectin receptors (AdipoR)s, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Adiponectin has also recently been shown to regulate longevity signaling thus prolonging lifespan. Therefore, the strategy for activating adiponectin/AdipoR signaling pathways are expected to provide a solid basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related diseases such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as well as for ensuring healthy longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Miki Okada-Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Grossini E, Prodam F, Walker GE, Sigaudo L, Farruggio S, Bellofatto K, Marotta P, Molinari C, Mary D, Bona G, Vacca G. Effect of monomeric adiponectin on cardiac function and perfusion in anesthetized pig. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:137-49. [PMID: 24860147 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine released by adipose tissue, appears to play an important role in the regulation of vascular endothelial and cardiac function. To date, however, the physiological effects of human monomeric adiponectin on the coronary vasculature and myocardial systo-diastolic function, as well as on parasympathetic/sympathetic involvement and nitric oxide (NO) release, have not yet been investigated. Thus, we planned to determine the primary in vivo effects of human monomeric adiponectin on coronary blood flow and cardiac contractility/relaxation and the related role of autonomic nervous system, adiponectin receptors, and NO. In 30 anesthetized pigs, human monomeric adiponectin was infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery at constant heart rate and arterial blood pressure, and the effects on coronary blood flow, left ventricular systo-diastolic function, myocardial oxygen metabolism, and NO release were examined. The mechanisms of the observed hemodynamic responses were also analyzed by repeating the highest dose of human monomeric adiponectin infusion after autonomic nervous system and NO blockade, and after specific adiponectin 1 receptor antagonist administration. Intracoronary human monomeric adiponectin caused dose-related increases of coronary blood flow and cardiac function. Those effects were accompanied by increased coronary NO release and coronary adiponectin levels. Moreover, the vascular effects of the peptide were prevented by blockade of β2-adrenoceptors and NO synthase, whereas all effects of human monomeric adiponectin were prevented by adiponectin 1 receptor inhibitor. In conclusion, human monomeric adiponectin primarily increased coronary blood flow and cardiac systo-diastolic function through the involvement of specific receptors, β2-adrenoceptors, and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gillian Elisabeth Walker
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
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Jaleel A, Aheed B, Jaleel S, Majeed R, Zuberi A, Khan S, Ahmed B, Shoukat F, Hashim H. Association of adipokines with obesity in children and adolescents. Biomark Med 2014; 7:731-5. [PMID: 24044565 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and is associated with a higher risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders. Several adipokines including resistin, visfatin, leptin and adiponectin are synthesized and secreted by adipocytes, which play an important role in obesity. PATIENTS & METHODS A total of 90 subjects (60 controls and 30 obese) between the ages of 5 and 18 years were selected. Serum visfatin, TNF-α, resistin, insulin and adiponectin were measured using ELISA and insulin resistance was calculated by the Homeostasis Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation Homeostasis Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance, serum TNF-α and visfatin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects (3.99 ± 0.94, 12.99 ± 3.42, 10.89 ± 2.72, respectively) compared with the control group (1.60 ± 0.34, 7.22 ± 2.22 and 4.97 ± 1.57, respectively). Mean ± standard deviation serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese children (5.95 ± 1.02) compared with controls (9.07 ± 1.25). Binary logistic regression shows that adiponectin and visfatin are associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of adipokines vary in obesity and adiponectin and visfatin are associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Jaleel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, 4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi 75600, Pakistan.
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Chihara T, Shimpo K, Beppu H, Tomatsu A, Kaneko T, Tanaka M, Yamada M, Abe F, Sonoda S. Reduction of intestinal polyp formation in min mice fed a high-fat diet with aloe vera gel extract. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4435-40. [PMID: 23992016 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera gel supercritical CO2 extract (AVGE) has been shown to contain five phytosterols, reduce visceral fat accumulation, and influence the metabolism of glucose and lipids in animal model experiments. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers including colorectal cancer. Therefore, we examined the effects of AVGE on intestinal polyp formation in Apc-deficient Min mice fed a high-fat diet. Male Min mice were divided into normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), low dose AVGE (HFD+LAVGE) and high dose AVGE (HFD+HAVGE) groups. The ND group received AIN-93G diet and the latter 3 groups were given modified high-fat AIN-93G diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. AVGE was suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and administered orally to mice in HFD+LAVGE and HFD+HAVGE groups every day (except on Sunday) for 7 weeks at a dose of 3.75 and 12.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. ND and HFD groups received 0.5% CMC alone. Between weeks 4 and 7, body weights in the HFD and HFD+LAVGE groups were reduced more than those in the ND group. However, body weights were not reduced in the HFD+HAVGE group. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and their intestines were scored for polyps. No significant differences were observed in either the incidence and multiplicity of intestinal polyps (≥0.5 mm in a diameter) among the three groups fed HFD. However, when intestinal polyps were categorized by their size into 0.5-1.4, 1.5-2.4, or ≥2.5 mm, the incidence and multiplicity of large polyps (≥2.5 mm) in the intestine in the HFD+HAVGE group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. We measured plasma lipid (triglycerides and total cholesterol) and adipocytokine [interleukin-6 and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin] levels as possible indicators of mechanisms of inhibition. The results showed that HMW adiponectin levels in the HFD group were significantly lower than those in the ND group. However, the levels in the HFD+HAVGE group were significantly higher than those in the HFD group. These results indicate that HAVGE reduced large-sized intestinal polyps and ameliorated reduction in plasma HMW adiponectin levels in Min mice fed HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chihara
- Fujita Memorial Nanakuri Institute, Fujita Health University, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Adiponectin concentrations exhibit strong cross-sectional relationships with obesity, inflammation, and diabetes. Adiponectin concentrations have been extensively evaluated as epidemiologic markers of diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. In the present review we will provide an overview of these epidemiologic relationships as the backdrop for an evaluation of the clinical applications of adiponectin measurements. These include using adiponectin as an indicator of need for preventive or therapeutic intervention, as a predictor of response to therapy, and as a marker of therapeutic effectiveness. These efforts are laying the groundwork for the transition of adiponectin measurements from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Panz V, Immelman A, Paiker J, Pilcher G, Raal F. High-Dose Statin Therapy Does Not Induce Insulin Resistance in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 10:351-7. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Panz
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew Immelman
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Janice Paiker
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gillian Pilcher
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frederick Raal
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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13
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Tullin S, Sams A, Brandt J, Dahl K, Gong W, Jeppesen CB, Krogh TN, Olsen GS, Liu Y, Pedersen AA, Petersen JM, Rolin B, Wahlund PO, Kalthoff C. Recombinant adiponectin does not lower plasma glucose in animal models of type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44270. [PMID: 23049674 PMCID: PMC3462199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Several studies have shown that adiponectin can lower blood glucose in diabetic mice. The aim of this study was to establish an effective adiponectin production process and to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of the different adiponectin forms in diabetic mice and sand rats. Methods Human high molecular weight, mouse low molecular weight and mouse plus human globular adiponectin forms were expressed and purified from mammalian cells or yeast. The purified protein was administered at 10–30 mg/kg i.p. b.i.d. to diabetic db/db mice for 2 weeks. Furthermore, high molecular weight human and globular mouse adiponectin batches were administered at 5–15 mg/kg i.p. b.i.d. to diabetic sand rats for 12 days. Results Surprisingly, none of our batches had any effect on blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma lipids or body weight in diabetic db/db mice or sand rats. In vitro biological, biochemical and biophysical data suggest that the protein was correctly folded and biologically active. Conclusions/Interpretation Recombinant adiponectin is ineffective at lowering blood glucose in diabetic db/db mice or sand rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Tullin
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark.
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14
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Bigalke B, Schreitmüller B, Sopova K, Paul A, Stransky E, Gawaz M, Stellos K, Laske C. Adipocytokines and CD34 progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20286. [PMID: 21633502 PMCID: PMC3102092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atherosclerosis share common vascular risk
factors such as arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.
Adipocytokines and CD34+ progenitor cells are associated
with the progression and prognosis of atherosclerotic diseases. Their role
in AD is not adequately elucidated. Methods and Findings In the present study, we measured in 41 patients with early AD and 37 age-
and weight-matched healthy controls blood concentrations of adiponectin and
leptin by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay and of CD34+
progenitor cells using flow cytometry. We found significantly lower plasma
levels of leptin in AD patients compared with the controls, whereas plasma
levels of adiponectin did not show any significant differences (AD vs.
control (mean±SD): leptin:8.9±5.6 ng/mL vs.16.3±15.5
ng/mL;P = 0.038; adiponectin:18.5±18.1
µg/mL vs.16.7±8.9 µg/mL;P = 0.641).
In contrast, circulating CD34+ cells were significantly
upregulated in AD patients (mean absolute cell count±SD:253±51
vs. 203±37; P = 0.02) and showed an inverse
correlation with plasma levels of leptin
(r = −0.248; P = 0.037). In logistic regression analysis, decreased leptin concentration
(P = 0.021) and increased number of
CD34+ cells (P = 0.036) were both
significantly associated with the presence of AD. According to
multifactorial analysis of covariance, leptin serum levels were a
significant independent predictor for the number of CD34+
cells (P = 0.002). Conclusions Our findings suggest that low plasma levels of leptin and increased numbers
of CD34+ progenitor cells are both associated with AD. In
addition, the results of our study provide first evidence that increased
leptin plasma levels are associated with a reduced number of
CD34+ progenitor cells in AD patients. These findings
point towards a combined involvement of leptin and CD34+
progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, plasma levels of leptin
and circulating CD34+ progenitor cells could represent an
important molecular link between atherosclerotic diseases and AD. Further
studies should clarify the pathophysiological role of both adipocytokines
and progenitor cells in AD and possible diagnostic and therapeutic
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bigalke
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Imaging Sciences, School of
Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, London, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Kateryna Sopova
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela Paul
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Stransky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CL);
(KS)
| | - Christoph Laske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CL);
(KS)
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Kajikawa Y, Ikeda M, Takemoto S, Tomoda J, Ohmaru N, Kusachi S. Association of circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin with metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease in patients with various coronary risk factors. Int Heart J 2011; 52:17-22. [PMID: 21321463 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.52.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of adiponectin and leptin with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with various coronary risk factors. We determined serum adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic syndrome components in 104 patients (59 men and 45 women; aged 40-86 years) with various coronary risk factors at a cardiovascular out-patient clinic. Natural logarithmic transformed (ln) leptin was lower in men and smokers, and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels (r = 0.24, P < 0.02). Ln adiponectin was higher in women and nonsmokers, and was correlated with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Patients with MetS (n = 69) had significantly higher BMI, HOMA-IR, and ln leptin and lower ln adiponectin than those without Mets (Ln leptin, 2.14 ± 0.08 versus 1.30 ± 0.11; Ln adiponectin, 2.29 ± 0.06 versus 2.54 ± 0.09). In contrast, patients with coronary heart disease (CHD: n = 40) had significantly lower serum ln adiponectin concentrations than non-CHD patients (n = 64) (1.79 ± 0.12 versus 1.91 ± 0.10) as well as lower HDL-C and a higher smoking percentage. Consistent results were obtained by multivariate analyses. In conclusion, this study disclosed factors associated with the increase in serum leptin and adiponectin. Serum levels of leptin may be associated positively with MetS, whereas adiponectin levels are associated negatively with MetS and CHD, even in patients with various coronary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kajikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Japan
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16
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Lavoie V, Kernaleguen AE, Charron G, Farhat N, Cossette M, Mamarbachi AM, Allen BG, Rhéaume E, Tardif JC. Functional effects of adiponectin on endothelial progenitor cells. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:722-8. [PMID: 20814418 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine whose plasma levels are inversely correlated to metabolic syndrome components. Adiponectin protects against atherosclerosis and decreases risks in myocardial infarction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous population of circulating cells involved in vascular repair and neovascularization. EPCs number is reduced in patients with cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that the positive effects of adiponectin against atherosclerosis are explained in part by its interactions with EPCs. Cells were obtained from healthy volunteers' blood by mononuclear cell isolation and plating on collagen-coated dishes. Three sub-populations of EPCs were identified and characterized using flow cytometry. EPCs' expression of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 was evaluated by quantitative PCR. The effects of recombinant adiponectin on EPCs' susceptibility to apoptosis were assessed. Finally, expression of neutrophil elastase by EPCs and activity of this enzyme on adiponectin processing were assessed. Quantitative PCR analysis of EPCs mRNAs showed that AdipoR1 mRNA is expressed at higher levels than AdipoR2. Expression of AdipoR1 protein was confirmed by western blot. Adiponectin significantly increased survival of two sub-populations of EPCs in conditions of serum deprivation. Such effect could not be demonstrated in the third EPCs sub-population. We also demonstrated that EPCs, particularly one sub-population, express neutrophil elastase. Neutrophil elastase activity was confirmed in EPCs' conditioned media. Adiponectin protects some EPCs sub-populations against apoptosis and therefore could modulate EPCs ability to induce repair of vascular damage. Neutrophil elastase activity of EPCs could locally modulate adiponectin activity by its involvement in the generation of the globular form of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Lavoie
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Adiponectin and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:761-70. [PMID: 21310310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-risk plaques that are vulnerable to rupture demonstrate distinct morphological characteristics. They are differentiated from the lesions responsible for stable coronary artery disease by their large necrotic cores, thin-inflamed fibrous caps, and positive remodeling. Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that is reduced in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Hypoadiponectinemia has been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome in several though not all studies. The involvement of adiponectin provides clues to the inflammatory and atherogenic mechanisms associated with pathological coronary disease progression.
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18
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Giannessi D, Caselli C, Del Ry S, Maltinti M, Pardini S, Turchi S, Cabiati M, Sampietro T, Abraham N, L'abbate A, Neglia D. Adiponectin is associated with abnormal lipid profile and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy without overt heart failure. Metabolism 2011; 60:227-33. [PMID: 20199784 PMCID: PMC3706193 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced plasma adiponectin has been associated with abnormal lipid profile, reduced left ventricle (LV) function, and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to assess these relationships in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without overt heart failure. Plasma adiponectin was measured in 55 DCM patients (age, 59 ± 12 years; male, 36; body mass index [BMI], 26.9 ± 0.49 kg/m²; LV ejection fraction, 39.8% ± 1.3%; New York Heart Association class I-II) and in 40 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls. In a subset of 25 patients, myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured at rest and during intravenous dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg in 4 minutes) by positron emission tomography and ¹³N-ammonia as a flow tracer. Adiponectin was 6.6 ± 0.34 μg/mL in controls and 10.9 ± 0.85 μg/mL in DCM patients (P < .001), where it was related inversely with BMI (P = .009) and directly with brain natriuretic peptide (P = .017), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = .002), and MBF dipyridamole (P = .020). Adiponectin lesser than median value in patients was associated with higher total to HDL cholesterol ratio (4.8 ± 0.24 vs 3.9 ± 0.18, P = .009) and lower MBF reserve (1.76 ± 0.16 vs 2.43 ± 0.19, P = .01). These results could suggest that down-regulation of the adiponectin levels and reduced HDL cholesterol have a key role in causing impaired coronary function and myocardial perfusion in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giannessi
- Research National Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology-Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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Hayama S, Higuchi T, Miyakoshi H, Nakano Y. Analytical evaluation of a high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:2073-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Graessler J, Gruber M, Radke RB, Kopprasch S, Schwarz PE, Kamke W, Bornstein SR, Fischer S. Type 2 Diabetes in Octogenarians Is Associated with Decreased Low Molecular Weight Adiponectin. Gerontology 2010; 57:316-26. [DOI: 10.1159/000316575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Inoue Y, Kakuma T, Nonaka Y, Sumi S, Okamura K, Kodama S, Ando C, Niimura H, Miyoshi K, Tsuchiya Y, Yamanouchi Y, Urata H. Beneficial effect of combination therapy comprising angiotensin II receptor blocker plus calcium channel blocker on plasma adiponectin levels. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010; 32:21-8. [PMID: 20144069 DOI: 10.3109/10641960902960516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to examine the effect of combination therapy comprising angiotensin receptor blocker plus calcium antagonist on post-treatment plasma adiponectin levels compared to pretreatment levels. There was a significant gender difference in the relationship between preadiponectin level and age. In the search for contributing factors for treatment-based changes in adiponectin levels, these effects of gender and age were considered in statistical analysis. The adiponectin level in the combination therapy group was further increased compared to that in each of the monotherapy groups, despite there being no significant difference in antihypertensive effect, indicating that the combined medication provided an effect beyond that of lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated complications is increasing. Cardiovascular complications are the most important factor determining survival and influencing clinical management. However, obesity is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer and other diseases. The development of complications depends on the amount of body fat and its endocrine function. The hormones (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-6, PAI-1) produced by the adipose tissue are the link between obesity and obesity-related complications. The present article discusses the structure, function and clinical significance of adipokines.
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Halvatsiotis I, Tsiotra PC, Ikonomidis I, Kollias A, Mitrou P, Maratou E, Boutati E, Lekakis J, Dimitriadis G, Economopoulos T, Kremastinos DT, Raptis SA. Genetic variation in the adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) gene is associated with coronary artery disease and increased ADIPOR2 expression in peripheral monocytes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:92. [PMID: 21167068 PMCID: PMC3020174 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is debate as to whether the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin resistance is independent of body fatness, particularly central obesity. Therefore, the association among CRP, insulin resistance and obesity was analyzed in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The study included 520 Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with CRP levels not exceeding 10 mg/L. The degree of insulin resistance was determined with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The CRP levels were categorized into quartiles from the lowest to the highest concentrations (Q1-Q4). Results Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were both higher in Q4, Q3 and Q2 than those in Q1. HOMA-IR was higher in Q2, Q3 and Q4 than that in Q1 (Q1 vs Q4, P < 0.001; Q1 vs Q3, P < 0.001; Q1 vs Q2, P = 0.028). Log CRP was significantly correlated with log HOMA-IR (correlation coefficient: 0.230, P < 0.001) and BMI (correlation coefficient: 0.305, P < 0.001) and WC (correlation coefficient: 0.240, P < 0.001) by Spearman correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for age, gender and components of metabolic syndrome, log CRP was also independently associated with log HOMA-IR (β coefficient, 0.168; P < 0.001) and WC (β coefficient, 0.131; P = 0.006). Conclusion These findings showed that insulin resistance was associated with CRP levels independent of abdominal obesity in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that abdominal obesity could only partly explain the link between subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Halvatsiotis
- Hellenic National Centre for Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (HNDC), Athens, Greece
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Halvatsiotis I, Tsiotra PC, Ikonomidis I, Kollias A, Mitrou P, Maratou E, Boutati E, Lekakis J, Dimitriadis G, Economopoulos T, Kremastinos DT, Raptis SA. Genetic variation in the adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) gene is associated with coronary artery disease and increased ADIPOR2 expression in peripheral monocytes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:10. [PMID: 20178558 PMCID: PMC2846898 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is an adipose tissue secreted protein known for its insulin sensitising and anti-atherogenic actions. To this date two adiponectin receptors have been discovered, adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of ADIPOR2 gene variations with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Eight common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the entire ADIPOR2 locus were chosen to perform association studies with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in a Greek population. They were classified as either CAD (stenosis >50% in at least one main vessel) or non-CAD individuals in accordance with coronary angiography data.Genotyping was performed using a microsphere-based suspension array and the Allele Specific Primer Extension (ASPE) method. Expression of ADIPOR2 protein and mRNA in circulating CD14+ monocytes were determined using flow cytometry and real time Polymerase Chain Reaction assays respectively. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the distribution of genotypes of polymorphism rs767870 of ADIPOR2 between CAD and non-CAD individuals (p = 0.017). Furthermore, heterozygotes of the rs767870 polymorphism had significantly lower Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) values, higher values of Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and increased ADIPOR2 protein levels in peripheral monocytes, compared to homozygotes of the minor allele after adjustment for age, sex, waist to hip ratio and HOMA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that variants of ADIPOR2 could be a determinant for atherosclerosis independent of insulin resistance status, possibly by affecting ADIPOR2 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Halvatsiotis
- Hellenic National Centre for Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (HNDC), Athens, Greece
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Yamashita T, Matsuda M, Nishimoto O, Nakamoto K, Nishiyama H, Matsumoto K, Tamura R, Kawamoto T. Combination of serum adiponectin level and metabolic syndrome is closely associated with coronary artery disease in Japanese subjects with good glycemic control. Intern Med 2010; 49:721-7. [PMID: 20424361 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and decreased adiponectin level have been reported to be clinically associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it has not been fully defined whether they are associated with the severity of CAD, independent of hyperglycemia. In the current study, we investigated the clinical relationship between serum adiponectin level and MetS, and its association with the severity of CAD in patients with good glycemic control. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we enrolled 97 subjects with an HbA1c concentration of < 7.0% (5.5+/-0.6%), who underwent coronary angiography. We measured serum adiponectin levels and various metabolic variables, and assessed the severity of CAD by angiography. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of MetS components was not correlated with adiponectin level, despite their significant correlation in the univariate analysis. Low adiponectin levels (< 4.5 microg/mL) or > or = 3 of 5 MetS components showed significant association with the severity of CAD (adiponectin, p=0.002; MetS, p=0.049). The correlation of adiponectin levels (divided by tertiles or quartiles) with the severity of CAD was not significant after adjustment for age and gender. On the other hand, two models of combined scores from adiponectin levels and the number of MetS components showed a significant correlation with the severity of CAD even after adjustment for age and gender (model 1, p=0.023; model 2, p=0.018). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the combination of adiponectin levels and the number of MetS components is linked to the severity of CAD in subjects with good glycemic control.
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Bigalke B, Stellos K, Geisler T, Seizer P, Mozes V, Gawaz M. High plasma levels of adipocytokines are associated with platelet activation in patients with coronary artery disease. Platelets 2009; 21:11-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09537100903377584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bigalke
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Mozes
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
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Zornitzki T, Reshef N, Ayzenberg O, Cohen R, Gandelman G, Frystyk JJ, Flyvbjerg A, Knobler H. High-molecular weight adiponectin is associated with coronary artery angiographic findings in Asian Indians. Metabolism 2009; 58:632-7. [PMID: 19375585 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asian Indians (AIs) have a higher prevalence and a more aggressive form of coronary artery disease (CAD), and it has been suggested that hypoadiponectinemia may have a role in this accelerated CAD. The present study was undertaken to determine the extent and severity of angiographic findings in 2 groups of CAD patients matched for age and sex, AIs (n = 29) vs whites (n = 30), and to elucidate the potential relationship between adiponectin (total and high-molecular weight [HMW] form) and the severity and extent of coronary angiographic findings in both groups. Angiographic findings were assessed using the modified Gensini index; and 2 scores, scores 1 and 2, were used to assess the severity and extent. Both Gensini index scores 1 and 2 were higher in the AI group compared with the white group (144.4 +/- 87.1 vs 93.5 +/- 56.3 and 127.2 +/- 86.5 vs 80.1 +/- 39.3, respectively; P < .05). Adiponectin levels were similar in both groups. Total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were positively associated with Gensini index score 1 (r = 0.62, P = .004 and r = 0.64, P = .003) and score 2 (r = 0.51, P = .021 and r = 0.54, P = .013), respectively, in AI men, whereas there was no significant association in white men. Thus, AIs had more severe CAD compared with whites; and in AI men with CAD, total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were associated with the severity of angiographic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiba Zornitzki
- Metabolic Unit and Department of Medicine, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot and the Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine whose biosynthesis is deranged in obesity and diabetes mellitus, predisposing to atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that adiponectin has anti-atherogenic properties by improving endothelial function and having anti-inflammatory effects in the vascular wall. In addition, adiponectin modifies vascular intracellular redox signalling and exerts indirect antioxidant effects on human myocardium. However, its clinical role in cardiovascular disease is obscure. Adiponectin's positive prognostic value in coronary artery disease had been widely supported over the last years, but this view has been questioned recently. High adiponectin levels are paradoxically associated with poorer prognosis in heart failure syndrome. These controversial findings seem surprising as adiponectin has been viewed overall as an anti-atherogenic molecule. Therefore, any certain conclusion about adiponectin's role in cardiovascular disease seems premature. Despite the rapidly accumulating literature on this adipokine, it is still unclear whether adiponectin is a key mediator or a bystander in cardiovascular disease. It is still uncertain whether adiponectin levels have any clinical significance for risk stratification in cardiovascular disease or they just reflect the activation of complex and opposing underlying mechanisms. Circulating adiponectin levels should be interpreted with caution, as they may have completely different prognostic value, depending on the underlying disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Antoniades
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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29
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Patel JV, Tracey I, Hughes EA, Lip GYH. Unraveling the paradoxical link between obesity and heart failure: the role of adipocytokines. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 7:337-40. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Patel JV, Abraheem A, Dotsenko O, Creamer J, Gunning M, Hughes EA, Lip GYH. Circulating serum adiponectin levels in patients with coronary artery disease: relationship to atherosclerotic burden and cardiac function. J Intern Med 2008; 264:593-8. [PMID: 18793246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal adipocyte function is implicated in both the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiac function, where adiponectin provides a putative link. However, the utility of adiponectin as a discriminator of CHD severity is unclear and may be confounded by cardiac function. We hypothesized that plasma adiponectin would relate to indices of coronary artery disease severity (coronary atheroma scores, CAS), ejection fraction (EF) and regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) therein. METHOD We measured adiponectin using a cross-sectional approach, we measured plasma adiponectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 204 consecutive patients (aged 34-81 years) undergoing elective coronary angiography. RESULTS Levels of adiponectin decreased in an ordinal fashion across tertiles of increasing CAS (P = 0.047), but were nonsignificantly correlated to absolute values of CAS (P = 0.06). Adiponectin levels were unrelated to left ventricular dysfunction related measures of RWMA or EF. On multivariate analysis, (including factors relating to CHD risk, history and medication) adiponectin levels were independently inversely associated with triglycerides (P = 0.001), CAS tertiles (P = 0.01) and positively with age (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Levels of adiponectin decreased with coronary artery disease severity, without impact from systolic dysfunction, but levels may be moderated through established CHD risk factors such as smoking and triglycerides. Further work is warranted as to the clinical prognostic utility of this marker amongst CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Patel
- Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Tso AWK, Xu A, Chow WS, Lam KSL. Adipose tissue and the metabolic syndrome: focusing on adiponectin and several novel adipokines. Biomark Med 2008; 2:239-52. [DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of metabolic risk factors that predispose an individual to an increased risk for Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and their associated morbidity and mortality. Visceral obesity is thought to be a major culprit. Adipokines secreted from the adipose tissue are now believed to be key factors mediating the metabolic and inflammatory effects of obesity. In this review, we shall examine the evidence suggesting that several novel adipokines, adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, retinol-binding protein-4 and lipocalin-2, may hold promise as important clinical biomarkers to identify individuals at risk for the metabolic syndrome and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette WK Tso
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Sun Chow
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Karen SL Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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32
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Abstract
1. Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension and its incidence is increasing around the world. 2. The mechanisms underlying obesity-related hypertension include sympathetic activation, altered vascular responses, hormonal changes, enhanced inflammatory markers and structural changes. 3. This review summarizes recent evidence of the underlying impact of obesity on blood pressure. A number of candidate mechanisms include increased sympathetic activity, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, altered vasoconstrictor or dilator responses and the attendant systemic inflammatory state. 4. While adult lifestyle factors undoubtedly contribute to the incidence of obesity and its attendant hypertension, evidence suggests that the programming of obesity may occur following over-nutrition during development. A growing body of evidence links maternal obesity, offspring obesity and hypertension. 5. Finally, epigenetic modification of genes relevant to hypertension may contribute to the development of hypertension following a suboptimal intrauterine environment. To date the cardiovascular effects of early nutritional changes have been largely investigated following maternal under-nutrition or protein restriction; further work is necessary to determine the impact of maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Tanita T, Miyakoshi H, Nakano Y. Performance of ELISA for specific measurement of high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin. J Immunol Methods 2008; 333:139-46. [PMID: 18304569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific protein secreted as trimer, hexamer and high-molecular-weight (HMW) complex. Several reports have indicated that the biologically active form of adiponectin is HMW, and that HMW adiponectin concentration is correlated with insulin sensitivity and metabolic disorders including diabetes better than total adiponectin concentration. We developed a sandwich ELISA using a monoclonal antibody against HMW adiponectin purified from human serum. The specificity of established ELISA to HMW adiponectin was confirmed by analysis of human serum fractions prepared by gel filtration chromatography. After careful purification of HMW adiponectin for the calibration standard, the concentration was determined by the amino acid analysis, protein concentration assay by Lowry's method and theoretical calculation from amino acid sequence of adiponectin. An appropriate calibration curve was obtained by HMW adiponectin standards and an assay range is from 0.2 to 25 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was below 3.0% and 5.1%, respectively. The recovery of added HMW adiponectin was from 98.5% to 99.2%. No interference of blood components was confirmed by adding free and conjugated forms of bilirubin, hemoglobin and lipids. Serum is suitable as samples and could be stored at 10 degrees C in the refrigerator for at least 28 days stably. Our HMW adiponectin-specific ELISA system is simple, without any procedure of sample pretreatment, reliable, suitable for routine analysis and highly useful for elucidating the clinical significance of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Tanita
- Research and Development Division, Fujirebio Inc., 2-62-5 Nihonbashi-Hamacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0007, Japan
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Chandrasekar B, Patel DN, Mummidi S, Kim JW, Clark RA, Valente AJ. Interleukin-18 suppresses adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a novel signal transduction pathway involving ERK1/2-dependent NFATc4 phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:4200-9. [PMID: 18086672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708142200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An inverse correlation between the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 and the anti-atherogenic adipokine adiponectin has been reported in the chronic pathological conditions obesity, insulin resistance, coronary artery disease, and metabolic syndrome. We investigated whether this relationship is coincidental or has a causal basis. Here we show that interleukin-18 (IL-18) suppresses adiponectin transcription, mRNA expression, and secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. IL-18 suppresses adiponectin promoter-reporter activity, an effect reversed by deletion or mutation of the NFATc4 core DNA-binding site. IL-18 induces NFATc4 phosphorylation (Ser(676)), nuclear translocation, and in vivo DNA binding. IL-18 induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and enzyme activity, and pretreatment with the MEK inhibitor U0126, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, or small interference RNA targeted to ERK1/2 attenuates ERK1/2 activation and NFATc4 phosphorylation. Finally, inhibition of ERK1/2 or NFATc4 knockdown reverses IL-18-mediated adiponectin suppression. In contrast to its inhibitory effects on adiponectin expression, IL-18 potently stimulates PAI-1 secretion. These data demonstrate for the first time that IL-18 selectively suppresses adiponectin expression via ERK1/2-dependent NFATc4 activation and suggest that the inverse relationship observed between IL-18 and adiponectin in various chronic pathological conditions is causally related. Thus, targeting IL-18 expression may enhance adiponectin expression and mitigate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bysani Chandrasekar
- Department of Veterans Affairs South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-4404, USA.
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