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Wunderlich M, Miller M, Ritter B, Le Gleut R, Marchi H, Majzoub-Altweck M, Knerr PJ, Douros JD, Müller TD, Brielmeier M. Experimental colonization with H. hepaticus, S. aureus and R. pneumotropicus does not influence the metabolic response to high-fat diet or incretin-analogues in wildtype SOPF mice. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101992. [PMID: 39019114 PMCID: PMC11338133 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We here assessed whether typical pathogens of laboratory mice affect the development of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, and whether colonization affects the efficacy of the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide and of the GLP-1/GIP co-agonist MAR709 to treat obesity and diabetes. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were experimentally infected with Helicobacter hepaticus, Rodentibacter pneumotropicus and Staphylococcus aureus and compared to a group of uninfected specific and opportunistic pathogen free (SOPF) mice. The development of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance was monitored over a period of 26 weeks. To study the influence of pathogens on drug treatment, mice were then subjected for 6 days daily treatment with either the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide or the GLP-1/GIP co-agonist MAR709. RESULTS Colonized mice did not differ from SOPF controls regarding HFD-induced body weight gain, food intake, body composition, glycemic control, or responsiveness to treatment with liraglutide or the GLP-1/GIP co-agonist MAR709. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the occurrence of H. hepaticus, R. pneumotropicus and S. aureus does neither affect the development of diet-induced obesity or type 2 diabetes, nor the efficacy of GLP-1-based drugs to decrease body weight and to improve glucose control in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Miller
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Services, Helmholtz Munich, Germany.
| | - Bärbel Ritter
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Services, Helmholtz Munich, Germany
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Marchi
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Munich, Germany; Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Monir Majzoub-Altweck
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Germany
| | - Patrick J Knerr
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Germany, and German Center for Diabetes Research, DZD, and Walther-Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Germany
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2
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Sasaki H, Ueshiba H, Yanagisawa N, Itoh Y, Ishikawa H, Shigenaga A, Benga L, Ike F. Genomic and pathogenic characterization of RTX toxin producing Rodentibacter sp. that is closely related to Rodentibacter haemolyticus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105314. [PMID: 35675867 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rodentibacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that are often isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of laboratory rodents. In particular, R. pneumotropicus and R. heylii require considerable caution in rodent colonies, as they cause lethal pneumonia in rodents. A new species, R. haemolyticus, has recently been classified in the genus, and a very closely related strain, Rodentibacter sp. strain JRC, has been isolated in Japan. This study focused on strain JRC by performing genomic and pathogenic analyses. Draft genome sequencing of strain JRC identified several genes coding for putative virulent proteins, including hemolysin and adhesin. Furthermore, we found a new RTX (repeats-in-structural toxin) toxin gene in the genome, which was predicted to produce a critical virulence factor (RTXIA) similar to Enterobacteriaceae. The concentrated culture supernatant containing RTX toxin (RTXIA) showed cytotoxicity toward RAW264.7 cells. Pre-incubation with anti-CD11a attenuated the cytolysis, suggesting that the concentrated culture supernatant containing RTXIA is cell surface LFA-1 mediated cytolysin. Experimental infection of strain JRC intranasally with 5 female BALB/c-Rag2-/- mice showed 60% lethality and was not significantly different from those of R. pneumotropicus ATCC 35149T using the log-rank test. Combined with our finding that RTXIA has an almost identical amino acid sequence (98% identity) to that of R. haemolyticus 1625/19T, these results strongly suggest that RTXIA-producing strain JRC (and related R. haemolyticus) is pathogenic to immunodeficient rodents, and both agents should be excluded in laboratory rodent colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Sasaki
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Ueshiba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yanagisawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Itoh
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Shigenaga
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Laurentiu Benga
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Animal Welfare Affairs, University Hospital, Heinrich - Heine - University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fumio Ike
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Buchheister S, Bleich A. Health Monitoring of Laboratory Rodent Colonies-Talking about (R)evolution. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1410. [PMID: 34069175 PMCID: PMC8155880 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The health monitoring of laboratory rodents is essential for ensuring animal health and standardization in biomedical research. Progress in housing, gnotobiotic derivation, and hygienic monitoring programs led to enormous improvement of the microbiological quality of laboratory animals. While traditional health monitoring and pathogen detection methods still serve as powerful tools for the diagnostics of common animal diseases, molecular methods develop rapidly and not only improve test sensitivities but also allow high throughput analyses of various sample types. Concurrently, to the progress in pathogen detection and elimination, the research community becomes increasingly aware of the striking influence of microbiome compositions in laboratory animals, affecting disease phenotypes and the scientific value of research data. As repeated re-derivation cycles and strict barrier husbandry of laboratory rodents resulted in a limited diversity of the animals' gut microbiome, future monitoring approaches will have to reform-aiming at enhancing the validity of animal experiments. This review will recapitulate common health monitoring concepts and, moreover, outline strategies and measures on coping with microbiome variation in order to increase reproducibility, replicability and generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
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5
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Medkour H, Laidoudi Y, Dahmana H, Salvi B, Lepidi H, Mediannikov O, Davoust B. Severe pneumonia in a street rat ( Rattus norvegicus) caused by Rodentibacter rarus strain RMC2. Open Vet J 2021; 11:165-173. [PMID: 33898299 PMCID: PMC8057205 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v11i1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rodents are one of the most dangerous reservoirs and carriers of infectious diseases. Gradually, rats have become predominant in cities, sometimes staying in close vicinity to humans, pets, and other animals. Consequently, they tend to increase the transmission risk of pathogens. Case Description Here, we report an original case of bacterial pneumonia in a street rat (Rattus norvegicus). The rat was found dead on a street in the chief town of Marseille (France) after being run over by a car. The necropsy of the corpse revealed generalized granulomatous pneumonia in almost all the pulmonary lobes. Lung lesions and predominantly multiple fibro-inflammatory areas are presumably the witness of an infectious etiology. Bacterial isolation was carried out from lung tissues. Colonies were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The following bacteria were identified: Staphylococcus cohnii, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella parapertussi, Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum, Pelistega suis and Rodentibacter rarus. Based on the histopathological diagnosis and the avoidance approach, the most likely etiological agent of pneumonia is therefore R. rarus, a little-known Pasteurellales bacterium that is closely related to Rodentibacter pneumotropicus. Conclusion These data emphasize the severity of R. rarus infection in rodents. Thus, pointing out a potential risk for other animals (dogs, cats, and birds), as well as humans. The health monitoring program for rodents and rabbits pasteurellosis should now include R. rarus. Therefore, the pathological effect of the Rodentibacterspecies and/or strains needs to be better explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Handi Dahmana
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hubert Lepidi
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’anatomo-pathologie, CHU La Timone, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Lewis MD, Paun A, Romano A, Langston H, Langner CA, Moore IN, Bock KW, Francisco AF, Brenchley JM, Sacks DL. Fatal progression of experimental visceral leishmaniasis is associated with intestinal parasitism and secondary infection by commensal bacteria, and is delayed by antibiotic prophylaxis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008456. [PMID: 32282850 PMCID: PMC7179947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is typically fatal without treatment. There is substantial variation between individuals in rates of disease progression, response to treatment and incidence of post-treatment sequelae, specifically post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Nevertheless, the majority of infected people are asymptomatic carriers. Hamsters and mice are commonly used as models of fatal and non-fatal VL, respectively. Host and parasite genetics are likely to be important factors, but in general the reasons for heterogeneous disease presentation in humans and animal models are poorly understood. Host microbiota has become established as a factor in cutaneous forms of leishmaniasis but this has not been studied in VL. We induced intestinal dysbiosis in mice and hamsters by long-term treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics in their drinking water. There were no significant differences in disease presentation in dysbiotic mice. In contrast, dysbiotic hamsters infected with L. donovani had delayed onset and progression of weight loss. Half of control hamsters had a rapid progression phenotype compared with none of the ABX-treated animals and the nine-month survival rate was significantly improved compared to untreated controls (40% vs. 10%). Antibiotic-treated hamsters also had significantly less severe hepatosplenomegaly, which was accompanied by a distinct cytokine gene expression profile. The protective effect was not explained by differences in parasite loads or haematological profiles. We further found evidence that the gut-liver axis is a key aspect of fatal VL progression in hamsters, including intestinal parasitism, bacterial translocation to the liver, malakoplakia and iron sequestration, none of which occurred in non-progressing murine VL. Diverse bacterial genera were cultured from VL affected livers, of which Rodentibacter was specifically absent from ABX-treated hamsters, indicating this pathobiont may play a role in promoting disease progression. The results provide experimental support for antibiotic prophylaxis against secondary bacterial infections as an adjunct therapy in human VL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Lewis
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrea Paun
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Audrey Romano
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harry Langston
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A. Langner
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin W. Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David L. Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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7
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Kähl S, Maier T, Benga L, Fingas F, Baums CG. Differentiation of Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, Rodentibacter heylii and Muribacter muris by MALDI-TOF MS. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 169:105836. [PMID: 31917974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogens Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus and R. heylii as well as the commensal Muribacter (M.) muris are frequently isolated in mice. In this study, a MALDI-TOF MS database was extended with spectra of well characterized strains of these species. Compared to a multiplex PCR, all examined out-of-sample isolates were correctly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kähl
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Laurentiu Benga
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Animal Welfare Affairs, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Hansen AK, Nielsen DS, Krych L, Hansen CHF. Bacterial species to be considered in quality assurance of mice and rats. Lab Anim 2019; 53:281-291. [PMID: 31096877 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219834324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are relevant in rodent quality assurance programmes if (a) the animals are at risk and (b) presence in the animals makes a difference for animal research or welfare, for example because the agent regulates clinical disease progression or impacts its host in other ways. Furthermore, zoonoses are relevant. Some bacterial species internationally recommended for the health monitoring of rats and mice, that is, Citrobacter rodentium, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus pneumonia, are no longer found in either laboratory or pet shop rats or mice, while there is still a real risk of impact on animal research and welfare from Filobacterium rodentium, Clostridium piliforme, Mycoplasma spp., Helicobacter spp. and Rodentibacter spp., while Streptobacillus moniliformis may be considered a serious zoonotic agent in spite of a very low risk. Modern molecular techniques have revealed that there may, depending on the research type, be equally good reasons for knowing the colony status of some commensal bacteria that are essential for the induction of specific rodent models, such as Alistipes spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri and segmented filamentous bacteria. In future, research groups should therefore consider the presence or absence of a short list of defined bacterial species relevant for their models. This list can be tested by cost-effective sequencing or even a simple multiple polymerase chain reaction approach, which is likely to be cost-neutral compared to more traditional screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kornerup Hansen
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lukasz Krych
- 2 Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Buchheister S, Roegener F, Zschemisch NH, Talbot SR, Christensen H, Bleich A. One for two: A novel and highly sensitive virulence factor-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the simultaneous detection of Rodentibacter pneumotropicus and Rodentibacter heylii in environmental sample material. Lab Anim 2019; 54:239-250. [PMID: 31195883 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219853600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hygienic monitoring of laboratory rodents has focused more and more on the analysis of environmental sample material by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. This approach requires profound knowledge of specific genetic sequences of the agents to be monitored and the assays need to be permanently adapted to take the latest research into account. [Pasteurella] pneumotropica was recently reclassified into the new genus Rodentibacter, with Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus and R. heylii as the most commonly detected species in laboratory mouse colonies. This study aimed at the development of a specific qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of both agents. A novel primer probe set, based on detection of the specific virulence factor' 'inclusion body protein A' gene (ibpA), was confirmed by testing the assay on currently described Rodentibacter type species and other Pasteurellaceae. Furthermore, it was validated within four different barrier units and results were compared with the cultural analysis of sentinel mice. The assay was suitable to specifically detect R. pneumotropicus and R. heylii and discriminate them from other murine Rodentibacter spp. In addition, it revealed high sensitivity for the detection of both agents in environmental sampling material including exhaust air dust in individually ventilated cage systems. Altogether, higher pathogen prevalence was detected via qPCR of environmental samples compared with cultural diagnostics of sentinel mice. This study describes a qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of R. pneumotropicus and R. heylii. This assay was demonstrated to be beneficial during routine health monitoring, especially with regard to environmental sampling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Roegener
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Henrik Christensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André Bleich
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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10
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Fingas F, Volke D, Hassert R, Fornefett J, Funk S, Baums CG, Hoffmann R. Sensitive and immunogen-specific serological detection of Rodentibacter pneumotropicus infections in mice. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:43. [PMID: 30777007 PMCID: PMC6380038 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus colonizes the respiratory and urogenital tracts of laboratory mice with a reported moderate serological prevalence from 4 to 13%. Thus, regular tests to identify this pathogen in mice are recommended for animal facilities. However, a recent study indicated that current serological assays are partly insensitive, as C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice infected with R. pneumotropicus were incorrectly screened as seronegative. Results Here, we report a systematic analysis of protein and lipopolysaccharides antigens by immunoblot and ELISA that allowed establishing a sensitive test system able to differentiate between R. pneumotropicus and the closely related species R. heylii. Furthermore, the main immunogen, designated as ‘characteristic antigen for Rodentibacter of laboratory origin 1’ (CARLO-1), was identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblot and tandem mass spectrometry in a preparation of outer membrane proteins. An indirect ELISA relying on the recombinantly expressed protein provided high sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity. The corresponding carlo1 gene was highly conserved (> 97%) among 21 isolates of R. pneumotropicus and R. heylii. Conclusion The newly identified protein CARLO-1 is well suited for the sensitive and specific serological detection of Rodentibacter infections in mice. Indirect differentiation of R. pneumotropicus and R. heylii infections may be possible using an ELISA based on a whole-cell antigen preparation. All four established ELISA systems using a whole-cell preparation, lipopolysaccharides, outer-membrane proteins and protein CARLO-1 as antigen, respectively, outperformed a commercial ELISA in terms of sensitivity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1417-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fingas
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,GVG Diagnostics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rayk Hassert
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Fornefett
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophie Funk
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Biotechnologisch-Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Dafni H, Greenfeld L, Oren R, Harmelin A. The Likelihood of Misidentifying Rodent Pasteurellaceae by Using Results from a Single PCR Assay. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:201-207. [PMID: 30651159 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The precise identification of rodent Pasteurellaceae is known to be highly challenging. An unknown strain of Pasteurellaceae appeared and rapidly spread throughout our animal facilities. Standard microbiology, combined with biochemical analysis, suggested that the bacteria strain was Rodentibacter pneumotropicus or R. heylii. We submitted samples of the unknown bacteria and known isolates of R. pneumotropicus, R. heylii, and Muribacter muris, to 2 service laboratories that provide animal health monitoring. Results of microbiology tests performed by both laboratories, species-specific PCR analysis performed by one laboratory, and independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing yielded identical identification of the unknown bacteria as Pasteurellaceae (Pasteurella spp.) and not R. pneumotropicus or R. heylii. In contrast, the similarly intended PCR assay performed by the other laboratory identified the bacteria as R. heylii. Careful evaluation of all of the results led us to conclude that the correct identification of the bacteria is Pasteurellaceae. From our experience, we recommend that a combination of several methods should be used to achieve correct identification of rodent Pasteurellaceae. Specifically, we advise that all primer sets used should be disclosed when reporting PCR test results, including in health reports provided by service laboratories and animal vendors. Careful, correct, and informative health monitoring reports are most beneficial to animal researchers and caretakers who might encounter the presence and effects of rodent Pasteurellaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Dafni
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Lea Greenfeld
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Fornefett J, Krause J, Klose K, Fingas F, Hassert R, Benga L, Grunwald T, Müller U, Schrödl W, Baums CG. Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB/c and C57BL/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected with a highly virulent Rodentibacter pneumotropicus (Pasteurella pneumotropica) strain. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:45. [PMID: 29848308 PMCID: PMC5977748 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice are a natural host for Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus. Despite specific monitoring, it is still one of the most important infectious agents in laboratory animals. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of a prevalent pathotype of R. pneumotropicus and characterize the host response in a new animal model. RESULTS Intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with a R. pneumotropicus strain (JF4Ni) bearing the genes of the three known repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins resulted in an unprecedented high mortality and morbidity above 50 and 80%, respectively. Morbidity was associated with severe weight loss as well as conjunctivitis and dyspnea. A main pathology was a catarrhal purulent to necrotic bronchopneumonia. Specific immune globuline (Ig) A was detected in tracheonasal lavages of most surviving mice which were still colonized by R. pneumotropicus. Furthermore, all surviving animals showed a distinct production of IgG antibodies. To differentiate T-helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 immune responses we used subclasses of IgGs as indicators. Mean ratios of IgG2b to IgG1 were below 0.8 in sera drawn from both mice strains prior infection and from BALB/c mice post infection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice had a mean IgG2b/IgG1 ratio of 1.6 post infection indicating a Th1 immune response in C57BL/6 versus a Th2 response in BALB/c mice associated with a tenfold higher bacterial load in the lung. In accordance with a Th1 response high antigen-specific IgG2c titers were detected in the majority of surviving C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS R. pneumotropicus JF4Ni is a highly virulent strain causing severe pneumonia and septicemia after intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Persisting infections in the two mice strains are associated with Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively, and differences in the bacterial burden of the lung. The described model is ideally suited for future vaccination studies using the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Fornefett
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Krause
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Fingas
- GVG Diagnostics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rayk Hassert
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurentiu Benga
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Animal Welfare Affairs, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Schrödl
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Perniss A, Schmidt N, Gurtner C, Dietert K, Schwengers O, Weigel M, Hempe J, Ewers C, Pfeil U, Gärtner U, Gruber AD, Hain T, Kummer W. Bordetella pseudohinzii targets cilia and impairs tracheal cilia-driven transport in naturally acquired infection in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5681. [PMID: 29632402 PMCID: PMC5890243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of the Gram-negative genus Bordetella are the cause of respiratory infections in mammals and birds, including whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. Very recently, a novel atypical species, Bordetella pseudohinzii, was isolated from laboratory mice. These mice presented no obvious clinical symptoms but elevated numbers of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and inflammatory signs in histopathology. We noted that this species can occur at high prevalence in a mouse facility despite regular pathogen testing according to the FELASA-recommendations. Affected C57BL/6 J mice had, in addition to the reported pulmonary alterations, tracheal inflammation with reduced numbers of ciliated cells, slower ciliary beat frequency, and largely (>50%) compromised cilia-driven particle transport speed on the mucosal surface, a primary innate defence mechanism. In an in vitro-model, Bordetella pseudohinzii attached to respiratory kinocilia, impaired ciliary function within 4 h and caused epithelial damage within 24 h. Regular testing for this ciliotropic Bordetella species and excluding it from colonies that provide mice for lung research shall be recommended. On the other hand, controlled colonization and infection with Bordetella pseudohinzii may serve as an experimental model to investigate mechanisms of mucociliary clearance and microbial strategies to escape from this primary innate defence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perniss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Schwengers
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bioinformatics and System Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Hempe
- Central Experimental Animal Facility, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Pfeil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Benga L, Sager M, Christensen H. From the [ Pasteurella ] pneumotropica complex to Rodentibacter spp.: an update on [ Pasteurella ] pneumotropica. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:121-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sasaki H, Ishikawa H, Terayama H, Asano R, Kawamoto E, Ishibashi H, Boot R. Identification of a virulence determinant that is conserved in the Jawetz and Heyl biotypes of [Pasteurella] pneumotropica. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw066. [PMID: 27402782 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[Pasteurella] pneumotropica is a ubiquitous bacterium frequently isolated from laboratory rodents. Although this bacterium causes various diseases in immunosuppressed animals, little is known about major virulence factors and their roles in pathogenicity. To identify virulence factors, we sequenced the genome of [P.] pneumotropica biotype Heyl strain ATCC 12555, and compared the resulting non-contiguous draft genome sequence with the genome of biotype Jawetz strain ATCC 35149. Among a large number of genes encoding virulence-associated factors in both strains, four genes encoding for YadA-like proteins, which are known virulence factors that function in host cell adherence and invasion in many pathogens. In this study, we assessed YadA distribution and biological activity as an example of one of virulence-associated factor shared, with biotype Jawetz and Heyl. More than half of mouse isolates were found to have at least one of these genes; whereas, the majority of rat isolates did not. Autoagglutination activity, and ability to bind to mouse collagen type IV and mouse fibroblast cells, was significantly higher in YadA-positive than YadA-negative strains. To conclude, we identified a large number of candidate genes predicted to influence [P.] pneumotropica pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Sasaki
- Department of Health Science, School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraga-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Terayama
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ryoki Asano
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 41-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kawamoto
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ishibashi
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Ron Boot
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Rodent Opportunistic Pathogen Pasteurella pneumotropica ATCC 35149T. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/4/e00771-14. [PMID: 25103762 PMCID: PMC4125773 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00771-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella pneumotropica is an opportunistic pathogen in rodents that is commonly isolated from upper respiratory tracts in laboratory rodents. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the P. pneumotropica type strain ATCC 35149, which was first isolated and characterized as biotype Jawetz.
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Sasaki H, Ishikawa H, Kojima K, Itoh M, Matsumoto T, Itoh T, Hosomi O, Kawamoto E. Intranasal immunization with a non-adjuvanted adhesive protein descended from Pasteurella pneumotropica and its preventive efficacy against opportunistic infection in mice. Vaccine 2013; 31:5729-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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